e424b4
Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4)
Registration Nos. 333-125549 and 333-126201
PROSPECTUS
4,000,000 Shares
American Campus Communities, Inc.
Common Stock
We are one of the largest owners, managers and developers of
high quality student housing properties in the United States in
terms of beds owned, managed and developed. This is a public
offering, or Offering, of 4,000,000 shares of our common
stock. We will receive all of the cash proceeds from the sale of
these shares. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock
Exchange under the symbol ACC. On June 28,
2005, the last reported sales price of our common stock on the
New York Stock Exchange was $23.04 per share. We intend to
elect to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT,
for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our
tax year ended December 31, 2004.
See Risk Factors beginning on page 18 for
certain risk factors relevant to an investment in our common
stock, including, among others:
|
|
|
|
|
As of March 31, 2005, our total consolidated indebtedness
was approximately $309.4 million (excluding unamortized
debt premiums). Our debt service obligations expose us to the
risk of default and reduce (or eliminate) cash resources that
are available to operate our business or pay distributions,
including those necessary to maintain our REIT qualification.
There is no limit on the amount of indebtedness that we may
incur except as provided by the covenants in our revolving
credit facility. |
|
|
|
Our results of operations are subject to annual re-leasing,
seasonality and other risks that are unique to the student
housing industry. |
|
|
|
We have been recently organized and have a limited operating
history. Our management has limited experience in running a
public company or in operating in accordance with the
requirements for qualification as a REIT. |
|
|
|
Provisions of our organizational documents limit the ownership
of our shares. |
|
|
|
If we fail to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes,
our distributions will not be deductible by us, reducing our
cash available for distribution to our stockholders. |
|
|
|
We may not be able to make distributions to our stockholders in
the future, and we may make distributions that include a return
of capital. |
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state
securities commission has approved or disapproved of these
securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or
complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Per Share | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Public offering price
|
|
$ |
22.500 |
|
|
$ |
90,000,000 |
|
Underwriting discount
|
|
$ |
1.125 |
|
|
$ |
4,500,000 |
|
Proceeds, before expenses, to us
|
|
$ |
21.375 |
|
|
$ |
85,500,000 |
|
To the extent the underwriters sell more than
4,000,000 shares of our common stock, they will have an
overallotment option to purchase up to an additional
575,000 shares from us at the public offering price less
the underwriting discount.
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares on or about
July 5, 2005.
|
|
Citigroup |
Deutsche Bank Securities |
JPMorgan
The date of this prospectus is June 28, 2005
TABLE OF CONTENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Page | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
|
|
89 |
|
MANAGEMENT |
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
|
102 |
|
|
|
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
|
|
105 |
|
|
|
|
|
105 |
|
|
|
|
|
105 |
|
|
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
|
|
107 |
|
i
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Page | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
|
|
111 |
|
|
|
|
|
111 |
|
|
|
|
112 |
|
|
|
|
114 |
|
|
|
|
|
114 |
|
|
|
|
|
114 |
|
|
|
|
|
115 |
|
|
|
|
|
115 |
|
|
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
|
|
121 |
|
|
|
|
|
121 |
|
|
|
|
|
121 |
|
|
|
|
|
122 |
|
|
|
|
|
123 |
|
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
|
|
128 |
|
|
|
|
|
128 |
|
|
|
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
|
|
142 |
|
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
|
|
145 |
|
|
|
|
147 |
|
|
|
|
149 |
|
|
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
|
F-1 |
|
You should rely only on the information contained in this
document. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with any
additional or different information. This document may only be
used where it is legal to sell these securities. The information
in this document may only be accurate on the date of this
document.
ii
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
You should read the following summary together with the more
detailed information regarding us and our historical and pro
forma financial statements appearing elsewhere in this
prospectus, including under the caption Risk
Factors. References in this prospectus to we,
our, us, our Company or like
terms when used in the present tense, prospectively or for
historical periods since August 17, 2004 (the date of the
consummation of the initial public offering, or IPO,
of our common stock) refer to American Campus Communities, Inc.,
a Maryland corporation, together with our consolidated
subsidiaries. These consolidated subsidiaries include American
Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP, a Maryland limited
partnership of which we are the parent of the general partner
and which we sometimes refer to in this prospectus as our
Operating Partnership, and American Campus
Communities Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly
owned subsidiary of our Operating Partnership, which is our
taxable REIT subsidiary and which we sometimes refer to in this
prospectus as our TRS. References to the
Predecessor Entities, Predecessor
owners, predecessors, we,
our, us, our Company or like terms
when used for historical periods prior to August 17, 2004
refer to our predecessor entities, which were a combination of
real estate entities under common ownership and voting control
collectively doing business as American Campus Communities,
L.L.C. and Affiliated Student Housing Properties. Unless
otherwise indicated, the information contained in this
prospectus is as of March 31, 2005 and assumes that the
underwriters overallotment option has not been
exercised.
Our Company
We are one of the largest owners, managers and developers of
high quality student housing properties in the United States in
terms of beds owned, managed and developed. As of March 31,
2005, we owned and/or managed 43 student communities consisting
of approximately 26,900 beds in approximately 9,700 units.
We are a fully integrated, self-managed and self-administered
equity REIT with expertise in the acquisition, design,
financing, development, construction management, leasing and
management of student housing properties.
As of March 31, 2005, our owned property portfolio
consisted of 24 high-quality student housing properties,
containing approximately 15,600 beds in approximately
5,200 units. We acquired 16 of these properties and
developed the remaining eight properties. We manage all 24 of
our owned properties. Nineteen of our 24 owned properties are
located off-campus in close proximity to 22 colleges and
universities in nine states, and five of these properties are
located on-campus, where we manage and participate in their
ownership and management through ground/facility leases with two
university systems. We refer to these five on-campus properties
as our on-campus participating properties. Our owned property
portfolio contains modern housing units, offers resort-style
amenities and is supported by a classic resident assistant
system and other student-oriented programming.
We are also one of the nations leaders in providing third
party services to colleges and universities for the management
and development of on-campus student housing. We manage 19
properties on a third party basis primarily for colleges,
universities and financial institutions. These third party
managed properties contain approximately 11,300 beds in
approximately 4,500 units. In addition, since 1996, we have
been awarded more than 30 on-campus development projects,
resulting in strong relationships with some of the nations
preeminent university systems.
We have driven innovation in the student housing industry,
establishing our company as a premier owner, manager and
developer in the sector. In 2004, we became the first publicly
traded REIT focused solely on student housing properties. Today,
operating as a fully integrated, self-managed and
self-administered equity REIT, our unique and singular focus has
not changed: Student housing is our core business.
Our principal executive offices are located at 805 Las Cimas
Parkway, Suite 400, Austin, Texas 78746. Our telephone
number at that location is (512) 732-1000. Our website is
located at www.studenthousing.com or
www.americancampuscommunities.com. The information on our
website is not part of this prospectus.
1
Recent Activities
Since our IPO in August of 2004, we have had substantial growth
activities.
We have acquired seven properties totaling 3,118 beds in
978 units for an aggregate purchase price of approximately
$120.2 million. In connection with these acquisitions, we
assumed approximately $47.2 million of mortgage debt. Each
of these acquisitions is described below.
In March 2005, we acquired an off-campus student housing
property (Exchange at Gainesville, to be renamed) consisting of
1,044 beds in 396 units, near the University of Florida
campus in Gainesville, Florida, for a purchase price of
$47.5 million. We entered into a fixed-rate mortgage loan
in the amount of $38.8 million in connection with this
acquisition.
In March 2005, we acquired an off-campus student housing
property (City Parc at Fry Street) consisting of 418 beds in
136 units, located near the University of North Texas in
Denton, Texas, for a purchase price of $19.2 million. We
assumed approximately $11.8 million of fixed-rate mortgage
debt in connection with this acquisition.
In February 2005, we acquired a portfolio of five off-campus
student housing properties (the Proctor Portfolio)
for a purchase price of approximately $53.5 million. Four
of the properties are located in Tallahassee, Florida and one
property is located in Gainesville, Florida. These five
communities contained 1,656 beds in 446 units. We assumed
approximately $35.4 million of fixed-rate mortgage debt in
connection with this acquisition.
|
|
|
Owned Development Activities |
With the commencement of the 2004/2005 academic year in late
August and early September, we completed the development of
three owned off-campus student housing properties at Temple
University, Cal State Fresno and Cal State San Bernardino.
These properties were placed into service with an opening
occupancy of 98%. Collectively they contained 1,635 beds in
457 units. On January 5, 2005, we sold the Cal State
San Bernardino community to the University upon exercise of
its purchase option for $28.3 million and recognized a gain
on sale of $5.9 million.
We are currently in the process of constructing one owned
off-campus property and are in pre-development of two additional
off-campus owned properties. We are also currently constructing
one owned on-campus participating property. We anticipate that
the total development cost relating to these activities will be
approximately $150.3 million. As of March 31, 2005, we
have incurred pre-development and development costs of
approximately $26.1 million in connection with these
properties, with the remaining development costs estimated at
$124.2 million. The activities are described below:
We acquired a land parcel near the State University of New
YorkBuffalo and commenced development of an owned
off-campus property containing 828 beds in 269 units. Total
development cost is estimated to be $36.1 million. This
property is currently in the final stages of construction and is
pre-leased to 100% occupancy for its upcoming opening in August
2005. As of March 31, 2005, the project was approximately
68% complete, and we anticipate incurring remaining development
costs of approximately $14.8 million.
We are in the later stages of design and pre-development on two
owned off-campus properties with total anticipated development
costs of approximately $97.2 million. One project is
located in Newark, New Jersey near the campuses of the New
Jersey Institute of Technology, Rutgers University and Essex
County Community College. We anticipate development costs of
this property to total approximately $62.3 million and plan
to own this property through a joint venture that we will
control with Titan Investments, a partner with whom we have
previously developed four off-campus student housing properties.
As of March 31, 2005, we have incurred approximately
$0.5 million of pre-development costs related to this
project. The second property is located in close proximity to
Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas, and we
estimate the total development costs of this property to be
approximately $34.9 million.
2
Both developments are currently progressing through their
respective entitlement and municipal approval processes and are
contingent upon receiving all necessary approvals. Depending
upon the timeliness of these approvals, we plan to commence
construction in Summer of 2005 for an August 2006 completion or
to commence construction in Summer of 2006 for an August 2007
completion.
Our Cullen Oaks Phase II on-campus participating property,
located on the campus of the University of Houston, is currently
under construction with total development costs estimated to be
$17.0 million. The project is scheduled to be completed in
August 2005 in connection with the 2005/2006 academic year. As
of March 31, 2005, the project was approximately 23%
complete, and we anticipate incurring remaining development
costs of approximately $12.7 million.
|
|
|
Amended Revolving Credit Facility |
On June 17, 2005, we amended our three-year,
$75 million revolving credit facility to increase the size
of the facility to $100 million. KeyBank National
Association (an affiliate of KeyBanc Capital Markets, a division
of McDonald Investments Inc., which is an underwriter in this
Offering) is the administrative agent under the amended
facility. Citicorp North America, Inc. (an affiliate of
Citigroup Global Markets Inc., which is a lead managing
underwriter in this Offering) and Deutsche Bank Trust Company
Americas (an affiliate of Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., which
is a lead managing underwriter in this Offering) are
co-syndication agents under the amended facility. JPMorgan Chase
Bank, N.A. (an affiliate of J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.,
which is an underwriter in this Offering) is the documentation
agent under the amended facility. The amended facility may be
expanded by up to an additional $100 million upon the
satisfaction of certain conditions. The amended facility is
available to, among other things, fund future property
development, acquisitions and other working capital needs. Our
ability to borrow from time to time under the amended facility
is subject to certain conditions and the satisfaction of
specified financial covenants, which are more favorable to us
than those contained in the facility prior to amendment. The
amended facility also contains covenants that restrict our
ability to pay dividends or other distributions to our
stockholders unless certain tests are satisfied.
|
|
|
Senior Management Restructuring |
On April 28, 2005 we announced the following restructuring
of our senior management:
|
|
|
|
|
James C. Hopke, Jr. rejoined our Company and was appointed
as Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer; |
|
|
|
Brian B. Nickel, our former Executive Vice President, Chief
Investment Officer and Secretary, was appointed as Executive
Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary; |
|
|
|
Jonathan Graf, our former Vice President and Controller, was
promoted to Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and
Treasurer; |
|
|
|
Greg A. Dowell, our former Senior Vice President and Chief of
Operations, was promoted to Executive Vice President and Chief
of Operations; and |
|
|
|
Kim K. Voss, our former Assistant Controller, was promoted to
Vice President and Controller. |
In April 2005, Ronnie Macejewski resigned as Senior Vice
PresidentDevelopment and Construction and in May 2005,
Mark J. Hager resigned as Executive Vice President, Chief
Financial and Accounting Officer and Treasurer.
Competitive Strengths
We believe that we have the following competitive advantages:
|
|
|
|
|
Student housing is our core business. We have expertise
in the unique and specialized aspects of the student housing
industry and focus on student housing as our core business. We
are a fully integrated organization, which is capable of
conducting market analysis, administering the |
3
|
|
|
|
|
entitlement and municipal approval process, coordinating product
design, securing financing, administering the development
process and providing construction management, leasing and
property management services. Since our inception in 1993, we
have been one of the most active companies in the sector as we
have been involved in the development, acquisition, ownership
and/or management of more than 62 student housing properties
containing more than 38,200 beds. |
|
|
|
One of the industrys most experienced teams.
Collectively throughout their individual careers, the seven
members of our senior management team have been involved in the
development, acquisition or management of more than 114 student
housing properties containing more than 73,500 beds at 78
colleges and universities. Our corporate team of student housing
professionals have participated in every functional aspect of
the ownership, acquisition, development and management of
student housing. Six corporate employees at the level of Vice
President or above, including our CEO, began their careers in
student housing as resident assistants while in college,
providing us with a comprehensive understanding of the
operational aspects of the student housing business. We believe
that this history of experience provides a base of knowledge
that has facilitated building a company with substantial
operating and development expertise in the student housing
industry. |
|
|
|
High quality student housing properties. As of
March 31, 2005, our properties had an average age of only
4.7 years. Our properties are located in close proximity
to, and in the case of our on-campus participating properties on
the grounds of, major colleges and universities. Our typical
units include private bedrooms, private or semi-private
bathrooms, living rooms and full kitchens with modern
appliances. Our properties typically offer extensive amenities
and services, including swimming pools, basketball, sand
volleyball and/or tennis courts and clubhouses with fitness
centers, recreational rooms and computer labs, in an
academically oriented environment that parents appreciate. Each
of our properties is managed and cared for by our trained
on-site staff managers, maintenance, business personnel
and resident assistants. |
|
|
|
Extensive network of university and college
relationships. This network provides us with acquisition,
development and management opportunities. Our clients have
included some the nations most prominent systems of higher
education, including the State University of New York System,
the University of California System, the Texas A&M
University System, the Texas State University System, the
University of Georgia System, the University of North Carolina
System, the Purdue University System, the University of Colorado
System and the Arizona State University System. |
|
|
|
Industry innovators. With nearly $1 billion of
development completed or in progress and in excess of
$300 million of properties acquired over the last decade,
we have led the industry in evolving student housing in the
areas of product design concepts, site planning, unit plans and
amenity offerings. We have also developed and implemented
specialized student housing investment and operating systems and
have created a proprietary lease administration and marketing
software customized for student housing that enables us to
quickly identify and respond to market changes and trends. |
Summary Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the following important risks:
|
|
|
|
|
Our results of operations are subject to an annual leasing
cycle, short lease-up period, seasonal cash flows, changing
university admission and housing policies and other risks
inherent in the student housing industry. We generally lease our
owned properties under 12-month leases, and in certain cases,
under ten-month, nine-month or shorter-term semester leases. As
a result, we may experience significantly reduced cash flows
during the summer months at properties leased under leases
having terms shorter than 12 months. Furthermore, all of
our properties must be entirely re-leased each year, exposing us
to increased leasing risk. Student housing properties are also
typically leased during a limited leasing season that usually
begins in January and ends in August |
4
|
|
|
|
|
of each year. We are therefore highly dependent on the
effectiveness of our marketing and leasing efforts and personnel
during this season. |
|
|
|
We face significant competition from university-owned on-campus
student housing, from other off-campus student housing
properties and from traditional multifamily housing located
within close proximity to universities. On-campus student
housing has certain inherent advantages over off-campus student
housing in terms of physical proximity to the university campus
and integration of on-campus facilities into the academic
community. Colleges and universities can generally avoid real
estate taxes and borrow funds at lower interest rates than us
and other private sector operators. We also compete with
national and regional owner-operators of off-campus student
housing in a number of markets as well as with smaller local
owner-operators. |
|
|
|
As of March 31, 2005, our total consolidated indebtedness
was approximately $309.4 million (excluding unamortized
debt premiums). Our debt service obligations expose us to the
risk of default and reduce (or eliminate) cash resources that
are available to operate our business or pay distributions,
including those necessary to maintain our REIT qualification.
There is no limit on the amount of indebtedness that we may
incur except as provided by the covenants in our revolving
credit facility. We expect to incur additional indebtedness
under our revolving credit facility to fund future property
development and acquisitions and other working capital needs,
subject to certain conditions and the satisfaction of specified
financial covenants. Our level of debt and the limitations
imposed on us by our debt agreements could have significant
adverse consequences. |
|
|
|
Our future growth will be dependent upon our ability to
successfully develop, acquire and manage new properties. As we
develop and acquire additional properties, we will be subject to
risks associated with managing new properties, including
lease-up and integration risks. Newly developed and recently
acquired properties may not perform as expected and newly
acquired properties may have characteristics or deficiencies
unknown to us at the time of acquisition. There can be no
assurance that future acquisition and development opportunities
will be available to us on terms that meet our investment
criteria or that we will be successful in capitalizing on such
opportunities. Our ability to capitalize on such opportunities
will be largely dependent upon external sources of capital that
may not be available to us on favorable terms, or at all. |
|
|
|
We have been recently organized and have a limited operating
history. In addition, all of our properties have been acquired
or developed by us or our predecessors within the past nine
years and have limited operating histories under current
management. Our management has limited experience in running a
public company or in operating in accordance with the
requirements for qualification as a REIT. |
|
|
|
Provisions of our charter limit the ownership of our shares. Our
charter provides that, subject to certain exceptions, no person
or entity may beneficially own, or be deemed to own by virtue of
certain constructive ownership provisions, more than 9.8% (by
value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of
the outstanding shares of our common stock or more than 9.8% by
value of all our outstanding shares, including both common and
preferred stock. We refer to this restriction as our
ownership limit. Our charter, however, requires
exceptions to be made to this limitation if our board of
directors determines that such exceptions will not jeopardize
our tax status as a REIT. This ownership limit could delay,
defer or prevent a change of control or other transaction that
might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise
be in the best interest of our stockholders. |
|
|
|
In order to qualify as a REIT, we are required under the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the
Code, to distribute annually at least 90% of our
REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends
paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain. Our TRS, or
taxable REIT subsidiary, may, in its discretion,
retain any income it generates net of any tax liability it
incurs on that income without affecting the 90% distribution
requirements to which we are subject as a REIT. Net income of
our TRS will be included in REIT taxable |
5
|
|
|
|
|
income, and will increase the amount required to be distributed,
only if such amounts are paid out as a dividend by our TRS. In
addition, we will be subject to income tax at regular corporate
rates to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our net
taxable income, including any net capital gains. Because of
these distribution requirements, we may not be able to fund
future capital needs, including any necessary acquisition
financing, from operating cash flow. Consequently, we will be
compelled to rely on third party sources to fund our capital
needs. We may not be able to obtain this financing on favorable
terms or at all. Any additional indebtedness that we incur will
increase our leverage. If we cannot obtain capital from third
party sources, we may not be able to acquire or develop
properties when strategic opportunities exist, satisfy our debt
service obligations or make the cash distributions to our
stockholders, including those necessary to qualify as a REIT. |
|
|
|
To qualify as a REIT, we are required to comply with highly
technical and complex provisions of the Code. Failure to qualify
as a REIT would likely subject us to higher tax expenses and
reduce or eliminate cash available for distribution to our
stockholders. |
|
|
|
The operations of our on-campus participating properties and our
third party services are conducted through our TRS. The income
from these operations is subject to regular federal income
taxation and state and local income taxation where applicable,
thus reducing the amount of cash available for distribution to
our stockholders. |
|
|
|
We may not be able to make distributions to our stockholders in
the future, and we may make distributions that include a return
of capital. |
Our Business and Growth Strategies
Our primary business objectives are to maximize long-term
stockholder value and cash flow available for distribution to
our stockholders. We intend to achieve these objectives by:
|
|
|
|
|
developing and acquiring owned off-campus student housing
communities that meet our focused investment criteria; |
|
|
|
maximizing the profitability of our owned and third-party
managed properties through proactive marketing, management and
asset preservation strategies; and |
|
|
|
continuing to grow our third-party development and management
services businesses to generate cash flow and build our national
reputation among colleges and universities. |
The following summarizes the key aspects of our strategies:
|
|
|
Follow a Disciplined Off-Campus Acquisition and
Development Strategy |
Our investment criteria are focused on acquiring and developing
high quality, modern student housing properties that are located
in close proximity to major colleges and universities. We target
properties that offer pedestrian, bicycle or university bus
service access to their respective campuses. We acquire and
develop properties that feature a differentiated product
offering and are located in student housing submarkets with
barriers to entry. Our focused investment criteria coupled with
our superior operational capabilities provide an opportunity to
increase the value and cash flow of our properties. We believe
that our reputation and close relationship with colleges and
universities also gives us an advantage in sourcing acquisition
and development opportunities, obtaining municipal approvals and
community support for our development projects, and in creating
marketing or operational advantages.
6
We consider many factors when determining whether we should
enter a market and, if so, whether through acquisition or
development and how to position our property within the market,
including the following:
Property Factors
|
|
|
|
|
Proximity to campus |
|
|
|
Unit mix compared to competition |
|
|
|
Marketability of floor plans compared to competition |
|
|
|
Quality and marketability of amenity offering compared to
competition |
|
|
|
Total housing cost to residents compared to each direct
competitor |
|
|
|
Age of the structure |
|
|
|
Quality of construction and impact related to ongoing capital
expenditures |
|
|
|
Quality of furniture, fixtures and equipment and impact on
ongoing capital expenditures |
|
|
|
Condition and extraordinary cost impacts related to mechanical
and physical plant systems |
|
|
|
Operational and marketing inefficiencies and identification of
areas for improvement |
|
|
|
Internet, communications and entertainment features incorporated
into the structure |
|
|
|
Reputation of the property and competitor properties among
students and key university offices |
University Factors
|
|
|
|
|
Size of college or university |
|
|
|
Enrollment characteristics and growth projections |
|
|
|
Percent of students housed on-campus |
|
|
|
On-campus housing requirements and policies |
|
|
|
On-campus housing products and pricing |
|
|
|
Development plans for future housing |
|
|
|
Universitys admission policy and expected changes to such
policies |
|
|
|
Presence of university services/programs that enable
establishing formal relationships |
Market Factors
|
|
|
|
|
Fundamentals of the overall local housing market |
|
|
|
Fundamentals of student housing submarkets |
|
|
|
Nature of direct competitors and their product offering |
|
|
|
Impact of greater housing market on each student housing
submarket |
|
|
|
Barriers to entry in each student housing submarket |
|
|
|
Student preferences related to each student housing submarket |
|
|
|
Planned or potential future student housing development |
After we identify a potential student housing acquisition or
development opportunity, a team consisting of in-house personnel
and third parties will conduct detailed due diligence to assess
the potential opportunity.
Given our significant development and acquisition activities
over the last decade, we have developed active relationships
with universities, developers, owners, lenders and brokers of
student housing properties that allow us to identify and
capitalize on acquisition and development opportunities. As a
result, we have
7
generated a proprietary database of contacts and properties that
assist us in identifying and evaluating acquisition and
development opportunities. Through our experienced development
staff and our relationship with certain developers with whom we
have previously developed off-campus student housing properties,
we will continue to identify and acquire development sites in
close proximity to colleges and universities that permit us to
develop unique properties that offer a competitive advantage. We
will also continue to benefit from opportunities derived from
our extensive network with colleges and universities.
|
|
|
Maximize Property-Level Profitability |
We seek to maximize property-level profitability by maximizing
occupancy and revenue along with the implementation of prudent
cost control systems. Our experienced and trained on-site
management personnel administer the timely execution of our
marketing, management and maintenance plans with corporate
support and supervision in all functional areas.
Some of our specific expense control initiatives include:
|
|
|
|
|
establishing internal controls and procedures for cost control
consistently throughout our communities; |
|
|
|
appropriately staffing our properties at the site-level,
minimizing multiple layers of management and increasing
effectiveness; |
|
|
|
negotiating utility and service-level pricing arrangements with
national and regional vendors and requiring corporate-level
approval of service agreements for each community; and |
|
|
|
conducting analysis of the costs and effectiveness of each of
our marketing programs via our proprietary LAMS system. |
|
|
|
Utilize our Proprietary Marketing Systems |
We believe we have developed the industrys only
specialized, fully integrated leasing administration and
marketing software program, which we call LAMS. We utilize LAMS
to maximize our revenue and improve the efficiency and
effectiveness of our marketing and lease administration process.
Through LAMS, each of our properties ongoing marketing and
leasing efforts are supervised at the corporate office on a real
time basis. Among other things, LAMS provides:
|
|
|
|
|
a fully integrated prospect tracking and follow-up system.
Prospect information from all types of inquirieswalk-in,
telephone, web site/email, or faxis recorded and entered
into the LAMS database, and an aggressive, fully-automated
follow-up and tracking program is then implemented, with LAMS
generating follow-up labels and electronic communications and
disseminating marketing messages. |
|
|
|
a built-in marketing effectiveness program to measure the
success of our marketing efforts on a real time basis. LAMS
generates a weekly traffic analysis that shows the quantity of
each type of inquiry received for that period as well as the
marketing medium that generated each piece of traffic. In
addition, LAMS generates a period-to-period comparative traffic
and leasing analysis that allows us to compare the pace of the
current years traffic and leasing activity to that of
previous years. This enables us to track the effectiveness of
each marketing program being utilized and to respond accordingly. |
|
|
|
a real-time monitor of lease closings and leasing terms. LAMS
automatically generates closing reports allowing us to measure
the staffs closing ratios. The closing ratios are
calculated by LAMS on an individual basis so that we may better
evaluate performance and optimize our staffing. LAMS generates
application and leasing status reports that detail the current
period and year-to-date status of applications and leasing
broken down by type of accommodation. This enables us to quickly
identify potential problems related to pricing and/or
desirability of our various types of accommodations and to
respond accordingly. |
8
|
|
|
|
|
an automated lease generation system. Each propertys lease
term and rental rate information is set up in LAMS by authorized
corporate staff. This enables the corporate office to maintain
tight controls on pricing changes and special promotions. LAMS
generates each resident lease, eliminating the potential for
manual errors of our on-site staff. |
Our Properties
Our properties generally are modern facilities, and amenities at
most of our properties include a swimming pool, basketball
courts and a large community center featuring a fitness center,
computer center, tanning beds, study areas, and a recreation
room with billiards and other games. Some properties also have a
jacuzzi/hot tub, volleyball courts, tennis courts and in-unit
washers and dryers. Lease terms are generally 12 months at
our off-campus properties and 9 months at our on-campus
participating properties. As of March 31, 2005, the average
age of our properties was 4.7 years.
The following table presents certain information about our owned
property portfolio as of March 31, 2005.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year |
|
|
|
Primary | |
|
Occupancy | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquired/ |
|
|
|
University | |
|
Rates | |
|
|
|
|
Property |
|
Developed |
|
Location | |
|
Served | |
|
(1) | |
|
Units | |
|
Beds | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Off-campus properties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. Commons On Apache
|
|
1999 |
|
|
Tempe, AZ |
|
|
Arizona State University Main Campus |
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
111 |
|
|
|
444 |
|
2. The Village at Blacksburg
|
|
2000 |
|
|
Blacksburg, VA |
|
|
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University |
|
|
98.6 |
% |
|
|
288 |
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
3. The Village on University
|
|
1999 |
|
|
Tempe, AZ |
|
|
Arizona State University Main Campus |
|
|
99.1 |
% |
|
|
288 |
|
|
|
918 |
|
4. River Club Apartments
|
|
1999 |
|
|
Athens, GA |
|
|
The University of Georgia Athens |
|
|
95.5 |
% |
|
|
266 |
|
|
|
794 |
|
5. River Walk Townhomes
|
|
1999 |
|
|
Athens, GA |
|
|
The University of Georgia Athens |
|
|
97.1 |
% |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
340 |
|
6. The Callaway House(2)
|
|
2001 |
|
|
College Station, TX |
|
|
Texas A&M University |
|
|
101.3 |
% |
|
|
173 |
|
|
|
538 |
|
7. The Village at Alafaya Club
|
|
2000 |
|
|
Orlando, FL |
|
|
The University of Central Florida |
|
|
97.4 |
% |
|
|
228 |
|
|
|
840 |
|
8. The Village at Science Drive
|
|
2001 |
|
|
Orlando, FL |
|
|
The University of Central Florida |
|
|
99.3 |
% |
|
|
192 |
|
|
|
732 |
|
9. University Village at Boulder Creek
|
|
2002 |
|
|
Boulder, CO |
|
|
The University of Colorado at Boulder |
|
|
87.7 |
% |
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
309 |
|
10. University Village at Fresno
|
|
2004 |
|
|
Fresno, CA |
|
|
California State University, Fresno |
|
|
98.8 |
% |
|
|
105 |
|
|
|
406 |
|
11. University Village at TU
|
|
2004 |
|
|
Philadelphia, PA |
|
|
Temple University |
|
|
98.8 |
% |
|
|
220 |
|
|
|
749 |
|
12. University Village at Sweet Home(3)
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Amherst, NY |
|
|
State University of New York Buffalo |
|
|
|
|
|
|
269 |
|
|
|
828 |
|
13. University Club Tallahassee
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Tallahassee, FL |
|
|
Florida State University |
|
|
93.4 |
% |
|
|
152 |
|
|
|
608 |
|
14. The Grove at University Club
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Tallahassee, FL |
|
|
Florida State University |
|
|
98.4 |
% |
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
128 |
|
15. College Club Tallahassee
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Tallahassee, FL |
|
|
Florida A&M University |
|
|
92.4 |
% |
|
|
96 |
|
|
|
384 |
|
9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year |
|
|
|
Primary | |
|
Occupancy | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquired/ |
|
|
|
University | |
|
Rates | |
|
|
|
|
Property |
|
Developed |
|
Location | |
|
Served | |
|
(1) | |
|
Units | |
|
Beds | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
16. The Greens at College Club
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Tallahassee, FL |
|
|
Florida A&M University |
|
|
96.9 |
% |
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
17. University Club Gainesville
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Gainesville, FL |
|
|
University of Florida |
|
|
98.9 |
% |
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
376 |
|
18. City Parc at Fry Street
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Denton, TX |
|
|
University of North Texas |
|
|
94.7 |
% |
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
418 |
|
19. Exchange at Gainesville (to be renamed)
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Gainesville, FL |
|
|
University of Florida |
|
|
95.6 |
% |
|
|
396 |
|
|
|
1,044 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total off-campus properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
97.2 |
% |
|
|
3,300 |
|
|
|
11,072 |
|
On-campus participating properties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20. University VillagePVAMU
|
|
1996/ 97/98 |
|
|
Prairie View, TX |
|
|
Prairie View A&M University |
|
|
93.0 |
% |
|
|
612 |
|
|
|
1,920 |
|
21. University CollegePVAMU
|
|
2000/ 2003 |
|
|
Prairie View, TX |
|
|
Prairie View A&M University |
|
|
95.0 |
% |
|
|
756 |
|
|
|
1,470 |
|
22. University VillageTAMIU
|
|
1997 |
|
|
Laredo, TX |
|
|
Texas A&M International University |
|
|
70.2 |
% |
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
252 |
|
23. Cullen Oaks Phase I
|
|
2001 |
|
|
Houston, TX |
|
|
The University of Houston |
|
|
99.6 |
% |
|
|
231 |
|
|
|
525 |
|
24. Cullen Oaks Phase II(3)
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Houston, TX |
|
|
The University of Houston |
|
|
|
|
|
|
180 |
|
|
|
354 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total on-campus participating properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
93.1 |
% |
|
|
1,863 |
|
|
|
4,521 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Totalall properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
96.0 |
% |
|
|
5,163 |
|
|
|
15,593 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Occupancy rates are calculated as of March 31, 2005.
Occupancy is based on the number of total occupied beds
(including beds occupied by staff) divided by total beds. |
|
(2) |
Also has a food service facility. |
|
(3) |
Currently under development with a scheduled completion date of
August 2005. |
10
The following table sets forth certain comparative information
as of May 27, 2005 and May 28, 2004 (the last Friday
in May for each period reported) regarding the leasing status of
our owned off-campus properties for the 2005/2006 and 2004/2005
academic years, respectively.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Applications | |
|
% of | |
|
Applications | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and Leases | |
|
Rentable | |
|
and Leases | |
|
Variance to | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
as of | |
|
Beds as of | |
|
as of | |
|
Prior Year | |
|
|
|
Total | |
|
|
May 27, | |
|
May 27, | |
|
May 28, | |
|
| |
|
Rentable | |
|
Design | |
Applications and Leases |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
Beds | |
|
% | |
|
Beds(1) | |
|
Beds | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Commons of Apache
|
|
|
444 |
|
|
|
100.0% |
|
|
|
444 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
% |
|
|
444 |
|
|
|
444 |
|
The Village at Blacksburg
|
|
|
1,034 |
|
|
|
98.7% |
|
|
|
1,030 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
0.4 |
% |
|
|
1,048 |
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
The Village on University
|
|
|
515 |
|
|
|
56.7% |
|
|
|
656 |
|
|
|
(141 |
) |
|
|
(21.5 |
)% |
|
|
909 |
|
|
|
918 |
|
River Club Apartments
|
|
|
719 |
|
|
|
92.8% |
|
|
|
543 |
|
|
|
176 |
|
|
|
32.4 |
% |
|
|
775 |
|
|
|
794 |
|
River Walk Townhomes
|
|
|
296 |
|
|
|
88.9% |
|
|
|
316 |
|
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
(6.3 |
)% |
|
|
333 |
|
|
|
340 |
|
The Callaway House
|
|
|
642 |
|
|
|
121.8% |
|
|
|
569 |
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
12.8 |
% |
|
|
527 |
|
|
|
538 |
|
The Village at Alafaya Club
|
|
|
581 |
|
|
|
70.1% |
|
|
|
586 |
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(0.9 |
)% |
|
|
829 |
|
|
|
840 |
|
The Village at Science Drive
|
|
|
717 |
|
|
|
99.3% |
|
|
|
718 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(0.1 |
)% |
|
|
722 |
|
|
|
732 |
|
University Village at Boulder Creek
|
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
56.2% |
|
|
|
218 |
|
|
|
(50 |
) |
|
|
(22.9 |
)% |
|
|
299 |
|
|
|
309 |
|
University Village Fresno
|
|
|
336 |
|
|
|
84.8% |
|
|
|
218 |
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
54.1 |
% |
|
|
396 |
|
|
|
406 |
|
University Village at TU
|
|
|
728 |
|
|
|
99.3% |
|
|
|
734 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(0.8 |
)% |
|
|
733 |
|
|
|
749 |
|
University Village at Sweet Home
|
|
|
835 |
|
|
|
102.2% |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
817 |
|
|
|
828 |
|
University Club Tallahassee(2)
|
|
|
744 |
|
|
|
102.5% |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
726 |
|
|
|
736 |
|
College Club Tallahassee(3)
|
|
|
392 |
|
|
|
73.1% |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
536 |
|
|
|
544 |
|
University Club Gainesville
|
|
|
267 |
|
|
|
71.8% |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
372 |
|
|
|
376 |
|
City Parc at Fry Street
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
47.6% |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
412 |
|
|
|
418 |
|
Exchange at Gainesville (to be renamed)
|
|
|
949 |
|
|
|
92.0% |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
1,032 |
|
|
|
1,044 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,910 |
|
|
|
11,072 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Rentable Beds exclude beds needed for on-site staff and/or model
units. |
|
(2) |
For lease administration purposes, University Club Tallahassee
and the Grove at University Club are reported combined. |
|
(3) |
For lease administration purposes, College Club Tallahassee and
the Greens at College Club are reported combined. |
Third Party Services
We are one of the nations leaders in the third party
development and management of on-campus housing, which has
allowed us to develop key relationships with colleges and
universities. These relationships, and the corresponding
national reputation that we have developed in this portion of
our business, benefits us when developing and managing our owned
off-campus properties. The revenues we earn from our third party
services comprised approximately 13% of our 2004 revenues as
compared to approximately 16% of our 2003 revenues. We believe
that these services continue to provide synergies with respect
to our ability to identify, acquire or develop, and successfully
operate, student housing properties. These services are
conducted through our TRS and are described below.
Development Services. We provide development and
construction management services to third parties that range
from short-term consulting projects to longer-term full-scale
development and construction management projects. We typically
provide these services to colleges and universities seeking to
modernize their on-campus student housing properties. They look
to us to bring our student housing experience and expertise to
ensure they develop marketable, functional and financially
sustainable facilities. Educational institutions usually seek to
build housing that will enhance their recruitment and retention
of students while facilitating an academically-oriented
environment. Most of these development service contracts are
awarded via a competitive request for proposal, or RFP process,
that qualifies developers based on their
11
overall ability to provide specialized student housing design,
development, construction management, financial structuring and
property management services. As of March 31, 2005, we had
five third party projects in pre-development or under
construction with a total contractual fee amount of
approximately $5.9 million, of which approximately
$5.1 million is to be earned and recognized in the
remainder of 2005 and 2006.
Property Management Services. We enter into third party
management contracts pursuant to which we are typically
responsible for all aspects of a propertys operations,
including marketing, leasing administration, facilities
maintenance, business administration, accounts payable, accounts
receivable, financial reporting, capital projects and residence
life student development. As of March 31, 2005, we provided
third party management services for 19 student housing
properties that represented approximately 11,300 beds in
approximately 4,500 units. We developed 13 of these
properties. We provide these services pursuant to multi-year
management agreements that generally range between two and five
years.
12
Our Organization
The following diagram depicts our ownership structure and the
ownership structure of our Operating Partnership and TRS as of
the date of this prospectus:
|
|
(1) |
Includes a 0.1% interest held by American Campus Communities
Holdings LLC, which is the general partner of our Operating
Partnership. |
|
(2) |
Profits interest units, or PIUs, represent limited partnership
interests in the Operating Partnership, which, upon consummation
of the Offering, will become ordinary units exchangeable for
cash or, at the option of the Operating Partnership, for shares
of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. |
Distribution Policy
We are required to distribute 90% of our REIT taxable income,
excluding capital gains, on an annual basis to qualify as a REIT
for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, we intend to make,
but are not contractually bound to make, regular quarterly
distributions to common stockholders and PIU holders. All such
distributions are at the discretion of our board of directors.
We may be required to use borrowings under our credit facility,
if necessary and to the extent permitted thereunder, to meet
REIT distribution requirements and qualify as a REIT and
otherwise fund the remaining amounts of any distributions. The
13
board of directors considers market factors and our performance
in addition to REIT requirements in determining distribution
levels.
On May 11, 2005, we declared a distribution per share of
common stock of $0.3375, which was paid on May 31, 2005 to
all common stockholders of record as of May 19, 2005. At
the same time, we paid an equivalent amount per unit to holders
of PIUs and restricted stock awards. These distributions equate
to an annualized amount of $1.35 per share and represent a
5.9% yield based on the June 28, 2005 closing price of
$23.04 per share.
Our Tax Status
We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856
through 860 of the Code, commencing with our taxable year ended
December 31, 2004. We believe that our organization and
method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for
qualification and taxation as a REIT for federal income tax
purposes. To maintain REIT status, we must meet a number of
organizational and operational requirements, including a
requirement that we annually distribute at least 90% of our REIT
taxable income to our stockholders. As a REIT, we generally are
not subject to federal income tax on REIT taxable income we
currently distribute to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify
as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal
income tax at regular corporate rates. Even if we qualify for
taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to some federal, state and
local taxes on our income or property and the income of our TRS
will be subject to taxation at normal corporate rates and state
and local income tax where applicable. Further, unlike dividends
received from a corporation that is not a REIT, our
distributions to individual stockholders generally will not be
eligible for the recent lower tax rate on dividends except in
limited situations.
Summary Historical and Pro Forma Selected Financial Data
The following tables set forth our summary historical selected
financial and operating data on a consolidated historical basis
for us and on a combined historical basis for our Predecessor
Entities. Results for the year ended December 31, 2004
represent the combined historical data for our Predecessor
Entities for the period from January 1, 2004 to
August 16, 2004 as well as our consolidated results for the
period from August 17, 2004 to December 31, 2004. Our
consolidated results reflect our post-IPO structure as a REIT,
including the operations of the TRS, which was not present in
the operations of our Predecessor Entities. The combined
historical financial information for our Predecessor Entities
includes:
|
|
|
|
|
the development and management service operations and real
estate operations of American Campus Communities, L.L.C. (one of
the Predecessor Entities); |
|
|
|
the real estate operations of RAP Student Housing Properties,
L.L.C. (RAP SHP) and its subsidiaries (including The
Village at Riverside, which we ceased owning after the
completion of the IPO, and Coyote Village, which was transferred
to Weatherford College in April 2004); and |
|
|
|
the joint venture properties and operations of American
CampusTitan, LLC and American CampusTitan II,
LLC. |
You should read the following summary financial data in
conjunction with the consolidated and combined historical
financial statements and the related notes and with
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations, which are included
elsewhere in this prospectus.
Our unaudited historical consolidated balance sheet information
as of March 31, 2005 and consolidated and combined
statements of operations for the three months ended
March 31, 2005 and 2004 are derived from our unaudited
historical combined financial statements, which we believe
include all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring
adjustments) necessary to present fairly the information set
forth therein. Our results of operations for the interim period
ended March 31, 2005 are not necessarily indicative of the
results to be obtained for the full fiscal year.
14
The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated and combined
statements of operations for the three months ended
March 31, 2005 and for the year ended December 31,
2004 are presented as if we had acquired Exchange at Gainesville
(acquired March 2005), City Parc at Fry Street (acquired March
2005) and the five-property Proctor Portfolio (acquired February
2005) as of January 1, 2004. It was also assumed that our
IPO transactions all had occurred as of January 1, 2004.
The pro forma adjustments include the related repayment of
certain debt and the acquisition of minority ownership of
certain assets. All such transactions are reflected on our
March 31, 2005 consolidated balance sheet, which is
included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The following summary unaudited financial data should be read
together with the pro forma condensed consolidated and combined
statements of operations and our historical financial statements
and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The pro
forma condensed consolidated and combined statements of
operations are unaudited and are not necessarily indicative of
what the actual results of operations would have been had we
acquired the properties or consummated the IPO as of
January 1, 2004, nor do they purport to represent the
results of our operations for future periods. While such
unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated and combined
financial statements are based on adjustments that we deem
appropriate and that were factually supported based on currently
available data, the pro forma information may not be indicative
of what actual results would have been, nor does this
information present our financial results or condition for
future periods.
Statements of Operations Information:
(in thousands, except for share and per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, | |
|
Years Ended December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Historical | |
|
|
|
Historical | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Pro Forma | |
|
| |
|
Pro Forma | |
|
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited) | |
|
|
(Unaudited) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$ |
19,541 |
|
|
$ |
15,352 |
|
|
$ |
22,325 |
|
|
$ |
60,823 |
|
|
$ |
57,136 |
|
|
$ |
52,131 |
|
|
$ |
76,623 |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations
|
|
|
2,311 |
|
|
|
1,585 |
|
|
|
2,646 |
|
|
|
(1,572 |
) |
|
|
(967 |
) |
|
|
(2,753 |
) |
|
|
(1,785 |
) |
Discontinued operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income attributable to discontinued operations
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
272 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
319 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gain (loss) from disposition of real estate
|
|
|
5,883 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(39 |
) |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
295 |
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
|
8,192 |
|
|
|
1,530 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,339 |
) |
|
|
(944 |
) |
|
|
(2,139 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Per share and distribution data:(1) |
Income per diluted share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$ |
0.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.21 |
|
|
$ |
0.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(.14 |
) |
|
Discontinued operations
|
|
|
0.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.05 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$ |
0.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash distributions declared per share/unit
|
|
|
0.3375 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.1651 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash distributions declared
|
|
|
4,277 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,104 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15
Balance Sheet Data:
(in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of | |
|
As of December 31, | |
|
|
March 31, | |
|
| |
|
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(Unaudited) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$ |
486,487 |
|
|
$ |
367,628 |
|
|
$ |
330,566 |
|
|
$ |
307,658 |
|
Debt
|
|
|
314,385 |
|
|
|
201,014 |
|
|
|
267,518 |
|
|
|
249,706 |
|
Stockholders and Predecessor Entities owners
equity(2)
|
|
|
141,380 |
|
|
|
138,229 |
|
|
|
27,658 |
|
|
|
35,526 |
|
|
Selected Owned Property Information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned properties
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
Units
|
|
|
5,163 |
|
|
|
4,317 |
|
|
|
3,567 |
|
|
|
3,459 |
|
|
Beds
|
|
|
15,593 |
|
|
|
12,955 |
|
|
|
10,546 |
|
|
|
10,336 |
|
|
Occupancy
|
|
|
96.0 |
% |
|
|
97.1 |
% |
|
|
91.5 |
% |
|
|
91.0 |
% |
Cash flow information:
(in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
March 31, | |
|
Years Ended December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(Unaudited) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
$ |
5,713 |
|
|
$ |
5,237 |
|
|
$ |
17,293 |
|
|
$ |
6,862 |
|
|
$ |
7,647 |
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(58,853 |
) |
|
|
(19,213 |
) |
|
|
(63,621 |
) |
|
|
(33,738 |
) |
|
|
(21,678 |
) |
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
55,515 |
|
|
|
13,004 |
|
|
|
45,151 |
|
|
|
21,537 |
|
|
|
11,646 |
|
|
Funds from operations (FFO):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$ |
8,192 |
|
|
$ |
1,530 |
|
|
$ |
(1,339 |
) |
|
$ |
(944 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,139 |
) |
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
(21 |
) |
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
(Gain) loss from disposition of real estate
|
|
|
(5,883 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
(295 |
) |
|
Real estate related depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
3,326 |
|
|
|
2,277 |
|
|
|
10,009 |
|
|
|
8,937 |
|
|
|
8,233 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Funds from operations(3)(4)
|
|
$ |
5,722 |
|
|
$ |
3,786 |
|
|
$ |
8,609 |
|
|
$ |
7,961 |
|
|
$ |
5,769 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Represents per share information and cash distributions declared
during the period from August 17, 2004 through
March 31, 2005. |
|
(2) |
Information as of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004
reflects our stockholders equity as a result of the IPO
while previous years reflect the equity of the owners of our
Predecessor Entities. |
|
(3) |
As defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment
Trusts or NAREIT, funds from operations or FFO represents income
(loss) before allocation to minority interest (computed in
accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of
property, plus real estate related depreciation and amortization
(excluding amortization of loan origination costs) and after
adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.
We present FFO because we consider it an important supplemental
measure of our operating performance and believe it is
frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other
interested parties in the evaluation of REITs, many of which
present FFO when reporting their results. FFO is intended to
exclude GAAP historical cost depreciation and amortization of
real estate and related assets, which assumes that the value of
real estate diminishes ratably over time. Historically, however,
real estate values have risen or fallen with market conditions.
Because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization unique to
real estate, gains and losses from property dispositions and
extraordinary items, it provides a performance measure that,
when compared year over year, reflects the impact to operations
from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs,
development activities and interest costs, providing perspective
not immediately apparent from net income. |
|
|
|
We compute FFO in accordance with standards established by the
Board of Governors of NAREIT in its March 1995 White Paper (as
amended in November 1999 and April 2002), which may differ from
the methodology for calculating FFO utilized by other equity
REITs and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other
REITs. Further, FFO does not represent amounts available for
managements discretionary use because of needed capital
replacement or expansion, debt service obligations or other
commitments and uncertainties. FFO should not be considered as
an alternative to net income (loss) (computed in accordance with
GAAP) as an indicator of our financial performance or to cash
flow from operating activities (computed in accordance with
GAAP) as an |
16
|
|
|
indicator of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds
available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to pay
dividends or make distributions. |
|
|
(4) |
When considering our FFO, we believe it is also a meaningful
measure of our performance to exclude certain revenues and
expenses from our on-campus participating properties. See
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations Funds from
Operations. |
This Offering
|
|
|
Common stock offered by us |
|
4,000,000 shares(1) |
|
Common stock to be outstanding after this Offering |
|
16,615,000 shares(1) |
|
Common stock and Operating Partnership units to be outstanding
after this Offering |
|
16,736,000 shares/units(1)(2) |
|
Use of proceeds |
|
We intend to use the net proceeds from this Offering to fund the
acquisition and development of student housing properties. In
the interim, we intend to use $50.2 million to repay the
outstanding balance of our revolving credit facility and the
remaining $33.6 million for working capital and general
corporate purposes. |
|
New York Stock Exchange symbol |
|
ACC |
|
|
(1) |
Excludes 575,000 shares issuable upon exercise of the
underwriters overallotment option, 653,345 shares
available for future issuance under our 2004 incentive award
plan and the following shares issued under our 2004 incentive
award plan: |
|
|
|
|
|
14,375 shares underlying restricted stock units granted to
non-employee directors; |
|
|
|
53,598 restricted stock awards granted to employees; |
|
|
|
367,682 shares underlying an outperformance bonus plan for
key employees; and |
|
|
|
121,000 PIUs described in Note 2 below. |
|
|
(2) |
Includes 121,000 PIUs issued by us to certain of our current and
former key employees. Upon the consummation of this Offering,
all of the PIUs will become ordinary units exchangeable for cash
or, at the option of the Operating Partnership, for shares of
our common stock on a one-for-one basis. |
17
RISK FACTORS
Investment in our common stock involves a high degree of
risk. You should therefore carefully consider the material risks
of an investment in our common stock, which are discussed in
this section, as well as the other information contained in this
prospectus, before making your investment decision. The
occurrence of any of the following risks could materially and
adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations,
cash flow, per share trading price and ability to satisfy our
debt service obligations and pay dividends or distributions to
you and could cause you to lose all or a part of your
investment. Some statements in this prospectus, including
statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward
looking statements. Please refer to the section entitled
Forward Looking Statements.
Risks Related to Our Properties and Our Business
|
|
|
Our results of operations are subject to an annual leasing
cycle, short lease-up period, seasonal cash flows, changing
university admission and housing policies and other risks
inherent in the student housing industry. |
We generally lease our owned properties under 12-month leases,
and in certain cases, under ten-month, nine-month or
shorter-term semester leases. As a result, we may experience
significantly reduced cash flows during the summer months at
properties leased under leases having terms shorter than
12 months. Furthermore, all of our properties must be
entirely re-leased each year, exposing us to increased leasing
risk. In addition, we are subject to increased leasing risk on
our properties under construction and future acquired properties
based on our lack of experience leasing those properties and
unfamiliarity with their leasing cycles. Student housing
properties are also typically leased during a limited leasing
season that usually begins in January and ends in August of each
year. We are therefore highly dependent on the effectiveness of
our marketing and leasing efforts and personnel during this
season.
Changes in university admission policies could adversely affect
us. For example, if a university reduces the number of student
admissions or requires that a certain class of students, such as
freshman, live in a university owned facility, the demand for
beds at our properties may be reduced and our occupancy rates
may decline. While we may engage in marketing efforts to
compensate for such change in admission policy, we may not be
able to effect such marketing efforts prior to the commencement
of the annual lease-up period or our additional marketing
efforts may not be successful.
We rely on our relationships with colleges and universities for
referrals of prospective student-tenants or for mailing lists of
prospective student-tenants and their parents. Many of these
colleges and universities own and operate their own competing
on-campus facilities, as discussed below. Any failure to
maintain good relationships with these colleges and universities
could therefore have a material adverse effect on us. If
colleges and universities refuse to make their lists of
prospective student-tenants and their parents available to us or
increase the costs of these lists, there could be a material
adverse effect on us.
Federal and state laws require colleges to publish and
distribute reports of on-campus crime statistics, which may
result in negative publicity and media coverage associated with
crimes occurring on or in the vicinity of our on-campus
participating properties. Reports of crime or other negative
publicity regarding the safety of the students residing on, or
near, our properties may have an adverse effect on both our
on-campus and off-campus business.
|
|
|
We face significant competition from university-owned
on-campus student housing, from other off-campus student housing
properties and from traditional multifamily housing located
within close proximity to universities. |
On-campus student housing has certain inherent advantages over
off-campus student housing in terms of physical proximity to the
university campus and integration of on-campus facilities into
the academic community. Colleges and universities can generally
avoid real estate taxes and borrow funds at lower interest rates
than us and other private sector operators. We also compete with
national and regional
18
owner-operators of off-campus student housing in a number of
markets as well as with smaller local owner-operators.
Currently, the industry is fragmented with no participant
holding a significant market share. There are a number of
student housing complexes that are located near or in the same
general vicinity of many of our owned properties and that
compete directly with us. Such competing student housing
complexes may be newer than our properties, located closer to
campus, charge less rent, possess more attractive amenities or
offer more services or shorter term or more flexible leases.
Rental income at a particular property could also be affected by
a number of other factors, including the construction of new
on-campus and off-campus residences, increases or decreases in
the general levels of rents for housing in competing
communities, increases or decreases in the number of students
enrolled at one or more of the colleges or universities in the
market of the property and other general economic conditions.
We believe that a number of other large national companies with
substantial financial and marketing resources may be potential
entrants in the student housing business. The entry of one or
more of these companies could increase competition for students
and for the acquisition, development and management of other
student housing properties.
|
|
|
We may be unable to successfully complete and operate our
properties or our third party developed properties. |
We intend to continue to develop and construct student housing
in accordance with our growth strategies, including our one
off-campus property and one on-campus participating property
currently under development, as well as the two off-campus
properties currently in pre-development. These activities may
also include any of the following risks:
|
|
|
|
|
We may be unable to obtain construction financing on favorable
terms or at all. |
|
|
|
We may be unable to obtain permanent financing on favorable
terms or at all if we finance development projects through
construction loans. |
|
|
|
We may not complete development projects on schedule, within
budgeted amounts or in conformity with building plans and
specifications, including our four current properties under
development. |
|
|
|
We may encounter delays or refusals in obtaining all necessary
zoning, land use, building, occupancy and other required
governmental permits and authorizations. |
|
|
|
Occupancy and rental rates at newly developed or renovated
properties may fluctuate depending on a number of factors,
including market and economic conditions, and may reduce or
eliminate our return on investment. |
|
|
|
We may become liable for injuries and accidents occurring during
the construction process and for environmental liabilities,
including off-site disposal of construction materials. |
|
|
|
We may decide to abandon our development efforts if we determine
that continuing the project would not be in our best interests. |
|
|
|
We may encounter strikes, weather, government regulations and
other conditions beyond our control. |
Our newly developed properties will be subject to risks
associated with managing new properties, including lease-up and
integration risks. In addition, new development activities,
regardless of whether or not they are ultimately successful,
typically will require a substantial portion of the time and
attention of our development and management personnel. Newly
developed properties may not perform as expected.
We anticipate that we will, from time to time, elect not to
proceed with ongoing development projects. If we elect not to
proceed with a development project, the development costs
associated therewith will
19
ordinarily be charged against income for the then-current
period. Any such charge could have a material adverse effect on
our results of operations in the period in which the charge is
taken.
We may in the future develop properties nationally,
internationally or in geographic regions other than those in
which we currently operate. We do not possess the same level of
familiarity with development in these new markets, which could
adversely affect our ability to develop such properties
successfully or at all or to achieve expected performance.
Future development opportunities may not be available to us on
terms that meet our investment criteria or we may be
unsuccessful in capitalizing on such opportunities. Our ability
to capitalize on such opportunities will be largely dependent
upon external sources of capital that may not be available to us
on favorable terms or at all.
We typically provide guarantees of timely completion of projects
that we develop for third parties. In certain cases, our
contingent liability under these guarantees may exceed our
development fee from the project. Although we seek to mitigate
this risk by, among other things, obtaining similar guarantees
from the project contractor, we could sustain significant losses
if development of a project were to be delayed or stopped and we
were unable to cover our guarantee exposure with the guarantee
received from the project contractor.
|
|
|
We may be unable to successfully acquire properties on
favorable terms. |
Our future growth will be dependent upon our ability to
successfully acquire new properties on favorable terms. As we
acquire additional properties, we will be subject to risks
associated with managing new properties, including lease-up and
integration risks. Newly developed and recently acquired
properties may not perform as expected and may have
characteristics or deficiencies unknown to us at the time of
acquisition. Future acquisition opportunities may not be
available to us on terms that meet our investment criteria or we
may be unsuccessful in capitalizing on such opportunities. Our
ability to capitalize on such opportunities will be largely
dependent upon external sources of capital that may not be
available to us on favorable terms or at all.
Our ability to acquire properties on favorable terms and
successfully operate them involve the following significant
risks:
|
|
|
|
|
Potential inability to acquire a desired property may be caused
by competition from other real estate investors. |
|
|
|
Competition from other potential acquirers may significantly
increase the purchase price. |
|
|
|
We may be unable to finance an acquisition on favorable terms or
at all. |
|
|
|
We may have to incur significant capital expenditures to improve
or renovate acquired properties. |
|
|
|
We may be unable to quickly and efficiently integrate new
acquisitions, particularly acquisitions of portfolios of
properties, into our existing operations. |
|
|
|
Market conditions may result in higher than expected costs and
vacancy rates and lower than expected rental rates. |
|
|
|
We may acquire properties subject to liabilities but without any
recourse, or with only limited recourse, to the sellers, or with
liabilities that are unknown to us, such as liabilities for
clean-up of undisclosed environmental contamination, claims by
tenants, vendors or other persons dealing with the former owners
of our properties and claims for indemnification by members,
directors, officers and others indemnified by the former owners
of our properties. |
Our failure to finance property acquisitions on favorable terms,
or operate acquired properties to meet our financial
expectations, could adversely affect us.
20
|
|
|
Our debt level reduces cash available for distribution and
may expose us to the risk of default under our debt
obligations. |
As of March 31, 2005, our total consolidated indebtedness
was approximately $309.4 million (excluding unamortized
debt premiums). Our debt service obligations expose us to the
risk of default and reduce or eliminate cash resources that are
available to operate our business or pay distributions that are
necessary to maintain our REIT qualification. There is no limit
on the amount of indebtedness that we may incur except as
provided by the covenants in our revolving credit facility. We
expect to incur additional indebtedness under our revolving
credit facility to fund future property development and
acquisitions and other working capital needs, which may include
the payment of distributions to our stockholders. The amount
available to us and our ability to borrow from time to time
under our revolving credit facility is subject to certain
conditions and the satisfaction of specified financial
covenants. Our level of debt and the limitations imposed on us
by our debt agreements could have significant adverse
consequences, including the following:
|
|
|
|
|
We may be unable to borrow additional funds as needed or on
favorable terms. |
|
|
|
We may be unable to refinance our indebtedness at maturity or
the refinancing terms may be less favorable than the terms of
our original indebtedness. |
|
|
|
We may be forced to dispose of one or more of our properties,
possibly on disadvantageous terms. |
|
|
|
We may default on our payment or other obligations as a result
of insufficient cash flow or otherwise, which may result in a
cross-default on our other obligations, and the lenders or
mortgagees may foreclose on our properties that secure their
loans and receive an assignment of rents and leases. |
|
|
|
Foreclosures could create taxable income without accompanying
cash proceeds, a circumstance that could hinder our ability to
meet the REIT distribution requirements imposed by the Code. |
|
|
|
We may not be able to recover pre-development costs for
university developments. |
University systems and educational institutions typically award
us development services contracts on the basis of a competitive
award process, but such contracts are typically executed
following the formal approval of the transaction by the
institutions governing body. In the intervening period, we
may incur significant pre-development and other costs in the
expectation that the development services contract will be
executed. If an institutions governing body does not
ultimately approve our selection and the terms of the pending
development contract, we may not be able to recoup these costs
from the institution and the resulting losses could be material.
|
|
|
Our awarded projects may not be successfully structured or
financed and may delay our recognition of revenues. |
The recognition and timing of revenues from our awarded
development services projects will, among other things, be
contingent upon successfully structuring and closing project
financing as well as the timing of construction. The development
projects that we have been awarded have at times been delayed
beyond the originally scheduled construction commencement date.
If such delays were to occur with our current awarded projects,
our recognition of expected revenues and receipt of expected
fees from these projects would be delayed.
|
|
|
Two of our properties are under construction, and we may
encounter delays in completion or experience cost
overruns. |
Two of our properties, which upon completion will comprise
approximately 7.6% of our total beds, are currently under
construction and are subject to the various risks relating to
properties that are under construction referred to elsewhere in
these risk factors, including the risks that we may encounter
delays in completion and that these two projects may experience
cost overruns. These properties may not be
21
completed on time for the 2005/2006 academic year. Additionally,
if we do not complete the construction of one of these
properties (Cullen Oaks Phase II, an on-campus
participating property) prior to such time, we are required to
provide alternative housing to the students with whom we have
signed leases. We have not made any arrangements for such
alternative housing for this property and we would likely incur
significant expenses in the event we provide such housing. If
construction is not completed prior to the beginning of the
2005/2006 academic year, students may attempt to break their
leases and our occupancy at this property for that academic year
may suffer. Similar issues may be present in future development
projects.
|
|
|
Our guarantees could result in liabilities in excess of
our development fees. |
In third party developments, we typically provide guarantees of
the obligations of the developer, including development budgets
and timely project completion. These guarantees include, among
other things, the cost of providing alternate housing for
students in the event we do not timely complete a development
project. These guarantees typically exclude delays resulting
from force majeure and also, in third party transactions, are
typically limited in amount to the amount of our development
fees from the project. In certain cases, however, our contingent
liability under these guarantees has exceeded our development
fee from the project and we may agree to such arrangements in
the future. Our obligations under alternative housing guarantees
typically expire five days after construction is complete.
Project cost guarantees are normally satisfied within one year
after completion of the project.
|
|
|
Universities have the right to terminate our participating
ground leases. |
The ground leases through which we own our on-campus
participating properties provide that the university lessor may
purchase our interest in and assume the management of the
facility, with the purchase price calculated at the discounted
present cash value of our leasehold interest. The exercise of
any such buyout would result in a significant reduction in our
portfolio.
|
|
|
We have a significant presence on a single university
campus. |
The on-campus participating properties at Prairie View A&M
University represented approximately 21.0% of our consolidated
and combined revenues for 2004. The percentage of consolidated
and combined net income attributable to those facilities is
minimal. The unlikely event of significantly diminished
enrollment at this university could have a negative impact on
our ability to achieve our forecasted profitability.
Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry
|
|
|
Our performance and value are subject to risks associated
with real estate assets and with the real estate
industry. |
Our ability to make expected distributions to our stockholders
depends on our ability to generate cash revenues in excess of
expenses, scheduled debt service obligations and capital
expenditure requirements. Events and conditions generally
applicable to owners and operators of real property that are
beyond our control may decrease cash available for distribution
and the value of our properties. These events include:
|
|
|
|
|
general economic conditions; |
|
|
|
rising level of interest rates; |
|
|
|
local oversupply, increased competition or reduction in demand
for student housing; |
|
|
|
inability to collect rent from tenants; |
|
|
|
vacancies or our inability to rent space on favorable terms; |
|
|
|
inability to finance property development and acquisitions on
favorable terms; |
|
|
|
increased operating costs, including insurance premiums,
utilities, and real estate taxes; |
22
|
|
|
|
|
costs of complying with changes in governmental regulations; |
|
|
|
the relative illiquidity of real estate investments; |
|
|
|
decreases in student enrollment at particular colleges and
universities; |
|
|
|
changes in university policies related to admissions; and |
|
|
|
changing student demographics. |
In addition, periods of economic slowdown or recession, rising
interest rates or declining demand for real estate, or the
public perception that any of these events may occur, could
result in a general decline in rents or an increased incidence
of defaults under existing leases, which would adversely affect
us.
|
|
|
Potential losses may not be covered by insurance. |
We carry fire, earthquake, terrorism, business interruption,
vandalism, malicious mischief, boiler and machinery, commercial
general liability and workers compensation insurance
covering all of the properties in our portfolio under various
policies. We believe the policy specifications and insured
limits are appropriate and adequate given the relative risk of
loss, the cost of the coverage and industry practice. There are,
however, certain types of losses, such as property damage from
generally unsecured losses such as riots, wars, punitive damage
awards or acts of God, that may be either uninsurable or not
economically insurable. Some of our properties are insured
subject to limitations involving large deductibles and policy
limits that may not be sufficient to cover losses. In addition,
we may discontinue earthquake, terrorism or other insurance on
some or all of our properties in the future if the cost of
premiums for any of these policies exceeds, in our judgment, the
value of the coverage discounted for the risk of loss.
If we experience a loss that is uninsured or that exceeds policy
limits, we could lose the capital invested in the damaged
properties as well as the anticipated future cash flows from
those properties. In addition, if the damaged properties are
subject to recourse indebtedness, we would continue to be liable
for the indebtedness, even if these properties were irreparably
damaged and require substantial expenditures to rebuild or
repair. In the event of a significant loss at one or more of our
properties, the remaining insurance under our policies, if any,
could be insufficient to adequately insure our other properties.
In such event, securing additional insurance, if possible, could
be significantly more expensive than our current policies.
|
|
|
Unionization or work stoppages could have an adverse
effect on us. |
We are at times required to use unionized construction workers
or to pay the prevailing wage in a jurisdiction to such workers.
Due to the highly labor intensive and price competitive nature
of the construction business, the cost of unionization and/or
prevailing wage requirements for new developments could be
substantial. Unionization and prevailing wage requirements could
adversely affect a new developments profitability. Union
activity or a union workforce could increase the risk of a
strike, which would adversely affect our ability to meet our
construction timetables.
|
|
|
We could incur significant costs related to government
regulation and private litigation over environmental
matters. |
Under various environmental laws, including the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA), a current or previous owner or operator of
real property may be liable for contamination resulting from the
release or threatened release of hazardous or toxic substances
or petroleum at that property, and an entity that arranges for
the disposal or treatment of a hazardous or toxic substance or
petroleum at another property may be held jointly and severally
liable for the cost to investigate and clean up such property or
other affected property. Such parties are known as potentially
responsible parties (PRPs). Such environmental laws
often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or
operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of the
contaminants, and the costs of any required investigation or
cleanup of these substances can be substantial. PRPs are liable
to the
23
government as well as to other PRPs who may have claims for
contribution. The liability is generally not limited under such
laws and could exceed the propertys value and the
aggregate assets of the liable party. The presence of
contamination or the failure to remediate contamination at our
properties may expose us to third party liability for personal
injury or property damage, or adversely affect our ability to
sell, lease or develop the real property or to borrow using the
real property as collateral.
Environmental laws also impose ongoing compliance requirements
on owners and operators of real property. Environmental laws
potentially affecting us address a wide variety of matters,
including, but not limited to, asbestos-containing building
materials (ACBM), storage tanks, stormwater and
wastewater discharges, lead-based paint, wetlands, and hazardous
wastes. Failure to comply with these laws could result in fines
and penalties or expose us to third party liability. Some of our
properties may have conditions that are subject to these
requirements and we could be liable for such fines or penalties
or liable to third-parties, as described below in Business
and Properties Regulation Environmental
Matters.
|
|
|
Existing conditions at some of our properties may expose
us to liability related to environmental matters. |
Some of the properties in our portfolio may contain
asbestos-containing building materials, or ACBMs. Environmental
laws require that ACBMs be properly managed and maintained, and
may impose fines and penalties on building owners or operators
for failure to comply with these requirements. Also, some of the
properties in our portfolio contain, or may have contained, or
are adjacent to or near other properties that have contained or
currently contain storage tanks for the storage of petroleum
products or other hazardous or toxic substances. These
operations create a potential for the release of petroleum
products or other hazardous or toxic substances. Third parties
may be permitted by law to seek recovery from owners or
operators for personal injury associated with exposure to
contaminants, including, but not limited to, petroleum products,
hazardous or toxic substances, and asbestos fibers. Also, some
of the properties may contain regulated wetlands that can delay
or impede development or require costs to be incurred to
mitigate the impact of any disturbance. Absent appropriate
permits, we can be held responsible for restoring wetlands and
be required to pay fines and penalties.
Some of the properties in our portfolio may contain microbial
matter such as mold, mildew and viruses. The presence of
microbial matter could adversely affect our results of
operations. In addition, if any property in our portfolio is not
properly connected to a water or sewer system, or if the
integrity of such systems are breached, microbial matter or
other contamination can develop. If this were to occur, we could
incur significant remedial costs and we may also be subject to
material private damage claims and awards, which could be
material. If we become subject to claims in this regard, it
could materially and adversely affect us and our insurability
for such matters in the future.
From time to time, the United States Environmental Protection
Agency, or EPA, designates certain sites affected by hazardous
substances as Superfund sites pursuant to CERCLA.
Superfund sites can cover large areas, affecting many different
parcels of land. Although CERCLA imposes joint and several
liability for contamination on property owners and operators
regardless of fault, the EPA may chose to pursue PRPs based on
their actual contribution to the contamination. PRPs are liable
for the costs of responding to the hazardous substances. Commons
on Apache, The Village at University and University Village at
San Bernardino (which we disposed of in January 2005) are
located within federal Superfund sites. EPA designated these
areas as Superfund sites because groundwater beneath these areas
is contaminated. We have not been named as a PRP with respect to
these sites.
Independent environmental consultants conducted Phase I
environmental site assessments on all of the owned properties
and on-campus participating properties in our existing
portfolio. Phase I environmental site assessments are
intended to evaluate information regarding the environmental
condition of the surveyed property and surrounding properties
based generally on visual observations, interviews and certain
publicly available databases. These assessments do not typically
take into account all environmental issues, including, but not
limited to, testing of soil or groundwater, comprehensive
asbestos survey or an invasive
24
inspection for the presence of mold contamination. In some cases
where prior use was a concern, additional study was undertaken.
These assessments may have failed to reveal all environmental
conditions, liabilities, or compliance concerns. Material
environmental conditions, liabilities, or compliance concerns
may have arisen after the assessments were conducted or may
arise in the future. In addition, future laws, ordinances or
regulations may impose material additional environmental
liability. The costs of future environmental compliance may
affect our ability to pay distributions to you and such costs or
other remedial measures may be material to us.
|
|
|
We may incur environmental liabilities. |
We do not carry environmental insurance on our properties.
Environmental liability at any of our properties may have a
material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of
operations, cash flow, the trading price of our common stock or
our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations and pay
dividends or distributions to our stockholders.
|
|
|
We may incur significant costs complying with the
Americans with Disabilities Act and similar laws. |
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, or the ADA,
all public accommodations must meet federal requirements related
to access and use by disabled persons. Additional federal, state
and local laws also may require modifications to our properties,
or restrict our ability to renovate our properties. For example,
the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988, or FHAA, requires
apartment properties first occupied after March 13, 1990 to
be accessible to the handicapped. We have not conducted an audit
or investigation of all of our properties to determine our
compliance with present requirements. Noncompliance with the ADA
or FHAA could result in the imposition of fines or an award or
damages to private litigants and also could result in an order
to correct any non-complying feature. We cannot predict the
ultimate amount of the cost of compliance with the ADA, FHAA or
other legislation. If we incur substantial costs to comply with
the ADA, FHAA or any other legislation, we could be materially
and adversely affected.
|
|
|
We may incur significant costs complying with other
regulations. |
The properties in our portfolio are subject to various federal,
state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local
fire and life safety requirements. If we fail to comply with
these various requirements, we might incur governmental fines or
private damage awards. Furthermore, existing requirements could
change and require us to make significant unanticipated
expenditures that would materially and adversely affect us.
|
|
|
Joint venture investments could be adversely affected by
our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on
co-venturers financial condition and disputes between our
co-venturers and us. |
We have in the past co-invested, and anticipate that we will
continue in the future to co-invest, with third parties through
partnerships, joint ventures or other entities, acquiring
non-controlling interests in or sharing responsibility for
managing the affairs of a property, partnership, joint venture
or other entity. In connection with joint venture investment, we
do not have sole decision-making control regarding the property,
partnership, joint venture or other entity. Investments in
partnerships, joint ventures or other entities may, under
certain circumstances, involve risks not present were a third
party not involved, including the possibility that our partners
or co-venturers might become bankrupt or fail to fund their
share of required capital contributions. Our partners or
co-venturers also may have economic or other business interests
or goals that are inconsistent with our business interests or
goals, and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our
preferences, policies or objectives. Such investments also will
have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a
sale, because neither we nor our partners or co-venturers would
have full control over the partnership or joint venture.
Disputes between us and our partners or co-venturers may result
in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses
and prevent
25
our officers and/or directors from focusing their time and
effort exclusively on our business. Consequently, actions by or
disputes with our partners or co-venturers might result in
subjecting properties owned by the partnership, joint venture or
other entity to additional risk. In addition, we may in certain
circumstances be liable for the actions of our partners or
co-venturers.
Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure
|
|
|
We are recently organized and have a limited operating
history. |
We were organized in March 2004 and have a limited operating
history. In addition, all of our properties have been acquired
or developed by us or our Predecessor Entities within the past
nine years and have limited operating histories under current
management. Consequently, our historical operating results and
the financial data set forth in this prospectus may not be
useful in assessing our likely future performance. The operating
performance of the properties may decline under our management.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash from operations
to make distributions to our stockholders.
We will also be subject to the risks generally associated with
the operation of a relatively new business.
|
|
|
To qualify as a REIT, we may be forced to limit the
activities of our TRS. |
To qualify as a REIT, no more than 20% of the value of our total
assets may consist of the securities of one or more taxable REIT
subsidiaries, such as our TRS. Certain of our activities, such
as our third party development, management and leasing services,
must be conducted through our TRS for us to qualify as a REIT.
In addition, certain non-customary services must be provided by
a taxable REIT subsidiary or an independent contractor. If the
revenues from such activities create a risk that the value of
our TRS, based on revenues or otherwise, approaches the 20%
threshold, we will be forced to curtail such activities or take
other steps to remain under the 20% threshold. Since the 20%
threshold is based on value, it is possible that the IRS could
successfully contend that the value of our TRS exceeds the 20%
threshold even if our TRS accounts for less than 20% of our
consolidated revenues, income or cash flow. Our on-campus
participating properties and our third party services are held
by our TRS. Consequently, income earned from our on-campus
participating properties and our third party services will be
subject to regular federal income taxation and state and local
income taxation where applicable, thus reducing the amount of
cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
Our TRS is a taxable REIT subsidiary and is not permitted to
directly or indirectly operate or manage a hotel, motel or
other establishment more than one-half of the dwelling units in
which are used on a transient basis. We believe that our
method of operating our TRS will not be considered to constitute
such an activity. Future Treasury Regulations or other guidance
interpreting the applicable provisions might adopt a different
approach, or the IRS might disagree with our conclusion. In such
event we might be forced to change our method of operating our
TRS, which could adversely affect us, or our TRS could fail to
qualify as a taxable REIT subsidiary, which would likely cause
us to fail to qualify as a REIT.
|
|
|
Failure to qualify as a REIT would have significant
adverse consequences to us and the value of our stock. |
We intend to operate in a manner that will allow us to qualify
as a REIT for federal income tax purposes under the Code. If we
lose our REIT status, we will face serious tax consequences that
would substantially reduce or eliminate the funds available for
distribution to stockholders for each of the years involved,
because:
|
|
|
|
|
we would not be allowed a deduction for dividends to
stockholders in computing our taxable income and such amounts
would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate
rates; |
|
|
|
we also could be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax
and possibly increased state and local taxes; and |
26
|
|
|
|
|
unless we are entitled to relief under applicable statutory
provisions, we could not elect to be taxed as a REIT for four
taxable years following the year during which we were
disqualified. |
In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will not be
required to pay dividends to stockholders, and all dividends to
stockholders will be subject to tax as ordinary income to the
extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. As a
result of all these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT
also could impair our ability to expand our business and raise
capital, and would adversely affect the value of our common
stock.
Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly
technical and complex Code provisions for which there are only
limited judicial and administrative interpretations. The
complexity of these provisions and of the applicable Treasury
Regulations that have been promulgated under the Code is greater
in the case of a REIT that, like us, holds its assets through a
partnership or a limited liability company. The determination of
various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within
our control may affect our ability to qualify as a REIT. In
order to qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy a number of
requirements, including requirements regarding the composition
of our assets and two gross income tests:
(a) at least 75% of our gross income in any year must be
derived from qualified sources, such as rents from real
property, mortgage interest, dividends from other REITs
and gains from sale of such assets, and (b) at least 95% of
our gross income must be derived from sources meeting the 75%
income test above, and other passive investment sources, such as
other interest and dividends and gains from sale of securities.
Also, we must pay dividends to stockholders aggregating annually
at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, excluding any net
capital gains. In addition, legislation, new regulations,
administrative interpretations or court decisions may adversely
affect our investors, our ability to qualify as a REIT for
federal income tax purposes or the desirability of an investment
in a REIT relative to other investments.
Even if we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we
may be subject to some federal, state and local taxes on our
income or property and, in certain cases, a 100% penalty tax, in
the event we sell property as a dealer or if our TRS enters into
agreements with us or our tenants on a basis that is determined
to be other than an arms length basis.
|
|
|
To qualify as a REIT, we may be forced to borrow funds on
a short-term basis during unfavorable market conditions. |
In order to qualify as a REIT, we are required under the Code to
distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income,
determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and
excluding any net capital gain. Our TRS may, in its discretion,
retain any income it generates net of any tax liability it
incurs on that income without affecting the 90% distribution
requirements to which we are subject as a REIT. Net income of
our TRS is included in REIT taxable income and increases the
amount required to be distributed, only if such amounts are paid
out as a dividend by our TRS. If our TRS distributes any of its
after-tax income to us, that distribution will be included in
our REIT taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to
income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that we
distribute less than 100% of our net taxable income, including
any net capital gains. Because of these distribution
requirements, we may not be able to fund future capital needs,
including any necessary acquisition financing, from operating
cash flow. Consequently, we will be compelled to rely on third
party sources to fund our capital needs. We may not be able to
obtain this financing on favorable terms or at all. Any
additional indebtedness that we incur will increase our
leverage. Our access to third party sources of capital depends,
in part, on:
|
|
|
|
|
general market conditions; |
|
|
|
our current debt levels and the number of properties subject to
encumbrances; |
|
|
|
our current performance and the markets perception of our
growth potential; |
|
|
|
our cash flow and cash dividends; and |
|
|
|
the market price per share of our common stock. |
27
If we cannot obtain capital from third party sources, we may not
be able to acquire or develop properties when strategic
opportunities exist, satisfy our debt service obligations or
make the cash distributions to our stockholders, including those
necessary to qualify as a REIT.
|
|
|
Our charter contains restrictions on the ownership and
transfer of our stock. |
Our charter provides that, subject to certain exceptions, no
person or entity may beneficially own, or be deemed to own by
virtue of the applicable constructive ownership provisions of
the Code, more than 9.8% (by value or by number of shares,
whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of our
common stock or more than 9.8% by value of all our outstanding
shares, including both common and preferred stock. We refer to
this restriction as the ownership limit. A person or
entity that becomes subject to the ownership limit by virtue of
a violative transfer that results in a transfer to a trust is
referred to as a purported beneficial transferee if,
had the violative transfer been effective, the person or entity
would have been a record owner and beneficial owner or solely a
beneficial owner of our stock, or is referred to as a
purported record transferee if, had the violative
transfer been effective, the person or entity would have been
solely a record owner of our stock.
The constructive ownership rules under the Code are complex and
may cause stock owned actually or constructively by a group of
related individuals and/or entities to be owned constructively
by one individual or entity. As a result, the acquisition of
less than 9.8% of our stock (or the acquisition of an interest
in an entity that owns, actually or constructively, our stock)
by an individual or entity, could, nevertheless cause that
individual or entity, or another individual or entity, to own
constructively in excess of 9.8% of our outstanding stock and
thereby subject the stock to the ownership limit. Our charter,
however, requires exceptions to be made to this limitation if
our board of directors determines that such exceptions will not
jeopardize our tax status as a REIT. This ownership limit could
delay, defer or prevent a change of control or other transaction
that might involve a premium price for our common stock or
otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
|
|
|
Certain tax and anti-takeover provisions of our charter
and bylaws may inhibit a change of our control. |
Certain provisions contained in our charter and bylaws and the
Maryland General Corporation Law may discourage a third party
from making a tender offer or acquisition proposal to us. If
this were to happen, it could delay, deter or prevent a change
in control or the removal of existing management. These
provisions also may delay or prevent the stockholders from
receiving a premium for their shares of common stock over
then-prevailing market prices. These provisions include:
|
|
|
|
|
the REIT ownership limit described above; |
|
|
|
authorization of the issuance of our preferred shares with
powers, preferences or rights to be determined by our board of
directors; |
|
|
|
the right of our board of directors, without a stockholder vote,
to increase our authorized shares and classify or reclassify
unissued shares; |
|
|
|
advance-notice requirements for stockholder nomination of
directors and for other proposals to be presented to stockholder
meetings; and |
|
|
|
the requirement that a majority vote of the holders of common
stock is needed to remove a member of our board of directors for
cause. |
|
|
|
The Maryland business statutes also impose potential
restrictions on a change of control of our company. |
Various Maryland laws may have the effect of discouraging offers
to acquire us, even if the acquisition would be advantageous to
stockholders. Our bylaws exempt us from some of those laws, such
as the
28
control share acquisition provisions, but our board of directors
can change our bylaws at any time to make these provisions
applicable to us.
|
|
|
We have the right to change some of our policies that may
be important to our stockholders without stockholder
consent. |
Our major policies, including our policies with respect to
investments, leverage, financing, growth, debt and
capitalization, are determined by our board of directors or
those committees or officers to whom our board of directors has
delegated that authority. Our board of directors also
establishes the amount of any dividends or distributions that we
pay to our stockholders. Our board of directors may amend or
revise the listed policies, our dividend or distribution payment
amounts and other policies from time to time without stockholder
vote. Accordingly, our stockholders may not have control over
changes in our policies.
|
|
|
Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take
action against our directors and officers are limited. |
Maryland law provides that a director or officer has no
liability in that capacity if he or she performs his or her
duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believe
to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinary
prudent person in a like position would use under similar
circumstances. In addition, our charter eliminates our
directors and officers liability to us and our
stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting
from actual receipt of an improper benefit in money, property or
services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a
final judgment and which is material to the cause of action. Our
bylaws require us to indemnify directors and officers for
liability resulting from actions taken by them in those
capacitates to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. As
a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights
against our directors and officers than might otherwise exist
under common law. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the
defense costs incurred by our directors and officers.
|
|
|
Our success depends on key personnel whose continued
service is not guaranteed. |
We are dependent upon the efforts of our key personnel,
particularly William C. Bayless, Jr., our President and
Chief Executive Officer, Brian B. Nickel, our Executive Vice
President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary, James C.
Hopke, Jr., our Executive Vice President and Chief
Investment Officer, and Greg A. Dowell, our Executive Vice
President and Chief of Operations. Mr. Bayless has directed
the companys key business segments since inception and
possesses nearly 20 years of student housing development
and management experience. Messrs. Bayless, Nickel, Hopke
and Dowell all have substantial industry reputations that
attract business and investment opportunities and assist us in
negotiations with lenders, universities and industry personnel.
Jason R. Wills, our Senior Vice President Marketing and
Business Development, and Brian N. Winger, our Senior Vice
President Development, both have strong industry
reputations and specialized experience, which aid us in
developing, acquiring and managing our properties. The loss of
the services of any of such personnel could materially and
adversely affect us.
|
|
|
The majority of our management have limited experience
operating a REIT or a public company. |
We have a limited operating history as a REIT or a public
company. Our board of directors and executive officers will have
overall responsibility for our management. While our executive
and senior officers have extensive experience in real estate
marketing, development, management and finance, they have
limited prior experience in operating a business in accordance
with the Code requirements for qualification as a REIT,
operating a public company or complying with the Securities and
Exchange Commission, or the SEC, regulations. Failure to qualify
as a REIT would have an adverse effect on our cash available for
distribution to our stockholders. Failure to properly comply
with SEC regulations and requirements could impair our ability
to operate as a public company.
29
|
|
|
In addition to the underwriting discounts to be received
by Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.,
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and KeyBanc Capital Markets, a
division of McDonald Investments Inc., their affiliates will
receive benefits from this Offering. |
Affiliates of Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Deutsche Bank
Securities Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and KeyBanc
Capital Markets, a division of McDonald Investments Inc., four
of our underwriters, are lenders under our revolving credit
facility. As of June 28, 2005, approximately
$50.2 million of borrowings were outstanding under this
facility. We intend to repay all of the outstanding borrowings
under our revolving credit facility with a portion of the net
proceeds of this Offering and, upon application of the net
proceeds from this Offering, each lender will receive its
proportionate share of the amount repaid. See Use of
Proceeds.
Risks Related to this Offering
|
|
|
We may not be able to make distributions to our
stockholders in the future. |
We are required to distribute 90% of our REIT taxable income
(excluding capital gains) on an annual basis in order to qualify
as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, we
intend to make, but are not contractually bound to make, regular
quarterly distributions to common stockholders and PIU holders.
If we do not generate revenues from our properties and third
party development and management services sufficient to meet our
operating expenses, including debt service and capital
expenditures, our cash flow will decrease. This could have an
adverse effect on our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders. We may be required to use borrowings under the
credit facility, if necessary, to meet REIT distribution
requirements and qualify as a REIT. However, our revolving
credit facility contains covenants that restrict our ability to
pay distributions or other amounts to our stockholders unless
certain tests are satisfied and also contains certain provisions
restricting our ability to draw funds under the facility. We
expect to incur additional indebtedness through borrowings under
our credit facility to fund future property development,
acquisitions and other working capital needs, which may include
the payment of distributions to our stockholders. All
distributions are at the discretion of our board of directors.
The board of directors considers market factors and our
performance in addition to REIT requirements in determining
distribution levels. To the extent we use our working capital or
borrowings under our revolving credit facility to fund our
distributions, our financial condition and our ability to access
these funds for other purposes, such as the expansion of our
business or future distributions, could be adversely affected.
Any such distributions from working capital or borrowings may
represent a return of capital for federal income tax purposes.
We expect that approximately 60% of our 2005 annual distribution
will represent a return of capital for federal income tax
purposes.
|
|
|
Our distributions will not be eligible for the recent
lower tax rate on dividends except in limited situations. |
Unlike dividends received from a corporation that is not a REIT,
our distributions to individual stockholders generally will not
be eligible for the recent lower tax rate on dividends except in
limited situations.
|
|
|
The public offering price of our common stock in this
Offering may not be indicative of the market price of our common
stock after this Offering and our stock price may be
volatile. |
The public offering price of our common stock was determined in
consultation with the underwriters and may not be indicative of
the market price for our common stock after this Offering. The
market price of our common stock could be subject to significant
fluctuations after this Offering and may decline below the
public offering price. You may not be able to resell your shares
at or above the public offering price or at all.
The stock market in general has experienced extreme volatility
that has been unrelated to the operating performance of
particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may
adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.
30
|
|
|
Certain members of our senior management will receive an
economic benefit from this Offering. |
In conjunction with our IPO, our then executive officers and
certain members of senior management received
121,000 profits interest units in our Operating
Partnership, representing approximately a 1% limited partnership
interest in the Operating Partnership at that time. PIUs are a
special class of partnership interests in the Operating
Partnership. Each PIU awarded is deemed equivalent to an award
of one share of our common stock under our 2004 incentive award
plan, reducing availability for other equity awards on a
one-for-one basis. The consummation of this Offering will
constitute a book-up event and thereby automatically convert the
PIUs into an equal number of common units of the Operating
Partnership.
|
|
|
Market interest rates may have an effect on the value of
our common stock. |
One of the factors that will influence the price of our common
stock will be the dividend yield on our common stock (as a
percentage of the price of our common stock) relative to market
interest rates. An increase in market interest rates, which are
currently at low levels relative to historical rates, may lead
prospective purchasers of our common stock to expect a higher
dividend yield in order to maintain their investment. Higher
interest rates also would likely increase our borrowing costs
and potentially decrease funds available for distribution to our
stockholders. Thus, higher market interest rates could cause the
market price of our common stock to decrease.
|
|
|
The number of shares available for future sale could
adversely affect the market price of our common stock. |
We cannot predict whether future issuances of shares of our
common stock or the availability of shares for resale in the
open market will decrease the market price per share of our
common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of shares of our
common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or
exercisable for our common stock, such as units, or the
perception that such sales might occur could adversely affect
the market price of the shares of our common stock.
The exercise of the underwriters overallotment option, the
exchange of units for common stock, the exercise of any options
or the vesting of any restricted stock granted to certain
directors, executive officers and other employees under our
incentive award plan, the issuance of our common stock or units
in connection with property, portfolio or business acquisitions
and other issuances of our common stock or securities
convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our common
stock could have an adverse effect on the market price of the
shares of our common stock, and the existence of units, options,
shares of our common stock exercisable upon conversion of, or
exchange or exercise for, other securities or reserved for
issuance as restricted shares of our common stock or upon
exchange of units may adversely affect the terms upon which we
may be able to obtain additional capital through the sale of
equity securities. In addition, future sales of shares of our
common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or
exercisable for our common stock may be dilutive to existing
common stockholders.
31
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
We make statements in this prospectus that are forward-looking
statements. In particular, statements pertaining to our capital
resources, portfolio performance and results of operations
contain forward-looking statements. Likewise, all of our
statements regarding anticipated growth in our funds from
operations and anticipated market conditions, demographics and
results of operations are forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and
uncertainties and you should not rely on them as predictions of
future events. Forward-looking statements depend on assumptions,
data or methods that may be incorrect or imprecise and we may
not be able to realize them. We do not guarantee that the
transactions and events described will happen as described (or
that they will happen at all). You can identify forward-looking
statements by the use of forward-looking terminology such as
believes, expects, may,
will, should, seeks,
approximately, intends,
plans, pro forma, estimates
or anticipates or the negative of these words and
phrases or similar words or phrases. You can also identify
forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans or
intentions. The following factors, among others, could cause
actual results and future events to differ materially from those
set forth or contemplated in the forward-looking statements:
|
|
|
|
|
changing university admission and housing policies; |
|
|
|
adverse economic or real estate developments; |
|
|
|
general economic conditions; |
|
|
|
future terrorist attacks in the U.S. or hostilities
involving the U.S.; |
|
|
|
defaults on or non-renewal of leases by student-tenants; |
|
|
|
increased interest rates and operating costs; |
|
|
|
debt levels and property encumbrances; |
|
|
|
our failure to obtain necessary third party financing; |
|
|
|
decreased rental rates or increased vacancy rates resulting from
competition or otherwise; |
|
|
|
difficulties in identifying properties to acquire and completing
acquisitions; |
|
|
|
our failure to successfully operate acquired properties and
operations; |
|
|
|
our failure to successfully develop properties in a timely
manner; |
|
|
|
our failure to maintain our status as a REIT; |
|
|
|
environmental costs, uncertainties and risks, especially those
related to natural disasters; |
|
|
|
financial market fluctuations; and |
|
|
|
changes in real estate and zoning laws and increases in real
property tax rates. |
For a further discussion of these and other factors that could
impact our future results, performance or transactions, see the
section above entitled Risk Factors.
32
USE OF PROCEEDS
We will receive gross proceeds from this Offering of
$90.0 million and approximately $102.9 million if the
underwriters overallotment option is exercised in full.
After deducting the underwriting discount and estimated expenses
of this Offering, we expect net proceeds from this Offering of
approximately $83.8 million and approximately
$96.0 million if the underwriters overallotment
option is exercised in full.
We intend to use the net proceeds from this Offering to fund the
acquisition and development of student housing properties. In
the interim, we intend to use $50.2 million to repay the
outstanding balance of our revolving credit facility and the
remaining $33.6 million for working capital and general
corporate purposes. See Risk FactorRisks Related to
Our Organization and StructureIn addition to the
underwriting discounts to be received by Citigroup Global
Markets Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., J.P. Morgan
Securities Inc. and KeyBanc Capital Markets, a division of
McDonald Investments Inc., their affiliates will receive
benefits from this Offering.
Our revolving credit facility bears interest at a variable rate,
at our option, based upon a base rate of (i) one-, two-,
three- or six-month LIBOR or (ii) the higher of the
lenders prime rate and the federal funds rate plus 0.5%,
plus, in each case, a spread based upon our total leverage. As
of March 31, 2005, the balance outstanding on our revolving
credit facility bore interest at a weighted average rate of
4.31% per annum. This facility will mature in August 2007.
Pending application of any portion of the net Offering proceeds,
we will invest it in interest-bearing accounts and short-term,
interest-bearing securities as is consistent with our intention
to maintain our qualification for taxation as a REIT. Such
investments may include, for example, obligations of the
Government National Mortgage Association, other government and
governmental agency securities, certificates of deposit and
interest-bearing bank deposits.
33
DISTRIBUTION POLICY
We are required to distribute 90% of our REIT taxable income,
excluding capital gains, on an annual basis to qualify as a REIT
for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, we intend to make,
but are not contractually bound to make, regular quarterly
distributions to common stockholders and PIU holders. All such
distributions are at the discretion of our board of directors.
We may be required to use borrowings under our credit facility,
if necessary and to the extent permitted thereunder, to meet
REIT distribution requirements and qualify as a REIT and
otherwise fund the remaining amounts of any distributions. The
board of directors considers market factors and our performance
in addition to REIT requirements in determining distribution
levels.
On May 11, 2005, we declared a distribution per share of
common stock of $0.3375, which was paid on May 31, 2005 to
all common stockholders of record as of May 19, 2005. At
the same time, we paid an equivalent amount per unit to holders
of PIUs and restricted stock awards. These distributions equate
to an annualized amount of $1.35 per share and represent a
5.9% yield based on the June 28, 2005 closing share price
of $23.04 per share.
If we do not generate revenues from our properties and third
party development and management services sufficient to meet our
operating expenses, including debt service and capital
expenditures, our cash flow will decrease. This could have an
adverse effect on our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders. We may be required to use borrowings under the
credit facility, if necessary, to meet REIT distribution
requirements and qualify as a REIT. However, our revolving
credit facility contains covenants that restrict our ability to
pay distributions or other amounts to our stockholders unless
certain tests are satisfied and also contains certain provisions
restricting our ability to draw funds under the facility. All
distributions are at the discretion of our board of directors.
The board of directors considers market factors and our
performance in addition to REIT requirements in determining
distribution levels. To the extent we use our working capital or
borrowings under our revolving credit facility to fund our
distributions, our financial condition and our ability to access
these funds for other purposes, such as the expansion of our
business or future distributions, could be adversely affected.
Any such distributions from working capital or borrowings may
represent a return of capital for federal income tax purposes.
We expect that approximately 60% of our 2005 annual distribution
will represent a return of capital for federal income tax
purposes.
Availability under our revolving credit facility is limited to
an aggregate borrowing base amount equal to the
lesser of (i) 65% of the value of certain of our
properties, calculated as set forth in the credit facility, and
(ii) the adjusted net operating income from these
properties divided by a formula amount. As of March 31,
2005, the borrowing base amount was $65.1 million.
Our revolving credit facility contains customary affirmative and
negative covenants and also contains financial covenants that,
among other things, require us to maintain certain minimum
ratios of EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes,
depreciation and amortization) for interest expense and fixed
charges. Before June 30, 2006, we may not pay distributions
that exceed 100% of our funds from operations for any four
consecutive quarters. After June 30, 2006, we may not pay
distributions that exceed 95% of our funds from operations for
any four consecutive quarters. The financial covenants also
include consolidated net worth and leverage ratio tests. As of
March 31, 2005, we were in compliance with all such
covenants.
Federal income tax law requires that a REIT distribute annually
at least 90% of its REIT taxable income determined without
regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital
gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the
extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its net
taxable income, including capital gains. For more information,
please see Federal Income Tax Considerations. We
anticipate that our estimated cash available for distribution
will exceed the annual distribution requirements applicable to
REITs. However, under some circumstances, we may be required to
pay distributions in excess of cash available for distribution
in order to meet these distribution requirements and we may need
to borrow funds to pay the excess portion.
34
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK
Our common stock is listed and traded on the New York Stock
Exchange under the symbol ACC. As of June 28,
2005, there were approximately 100 holders of record of our
common stock. Our common stock commenced trading on
August 17, 2004. The following table sets forth, for the
periods indicated, the high and low sales prices per share for
our common stock:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High | |
|
Low | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third quarter (August 17 through September 30)
|
|
$ |
19.05 |
|
|
$ |
17.00 |
|
Fourth quarter
|
|
|
23.06 |
|
|
|
18.50 |
|
2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First quarter
|
|
$ |
22.75 |
|
|
$ |
19.09 |
|
Second quarter (through June 28)
|
|
|
23.36 |
|
|
|
19.04 |
|
On June 28, 2005, the closing price of our common stock on
the New York Stock Exchange was $23.04 per share.
35
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of
March 31, 2005 on an actual basis and on a pro forma basis
to give effect to this Offering and the use of the net proceeds
from this Offering as set forth in Use of Proceeds.
You should read this table in conjunction with Use of
Proceeds, Selected Financial Data,
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations Liquidity and Capital
Resources and our consolidated financial statements and
the notes to our financial statements appearing elsewhere in
this prospectus.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in thousands) | |
|
|
| |
|
|
As of March 31, 2005 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
Actual | |
|
Pro Forma | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(Unaudited) | |
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$ |
6,425 |
|
|
$ |
56,575 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debt:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revolving credit facility
|
|
$ |
33,600 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
Mortgage, loans and bonds payable
|
|
|
275,829 |
|
|
|
275,829 |
|
|
Unamortized debt premiums
|
|
|
4,956 |
|
|
|
4,956 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total debt
|
|
|
314,385 |
|
|
|
280,785 |
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
2,649 |
|
|
|
2,649 |
|
Stockholders Equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $.01 par value, 800,000,000 shares
authorized, 12,615,000 shares issued and outstanding
actual, 16,615,000 shares issued and outstanding pro forma
|
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
166 |
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
135,150 |
|
|
|
218,860 |
|
|
Accumulated earnings and distributions
|
|
|
5,717 |
|
|
|
5,717 |
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
|
387 |
|
|
|
387 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity
|
|
|
141,380 |
|
|
|
225,130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total capitalization
|
|
$ |
458,414 |
|
|
$ |
508,564 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following tables set forth our summary selected financial
and operating data on a consolidated historical basis for us and
on a combined historical basis for our Predecessor Entities.
Results for the year ended December 31, 2004 represent the
combined historical data for our Predecessor Entities for the
period from January 1, 2004 to August 16, 2004 as well
as our consolidated results for the period from August 17,
2004 to December 31, 2004. Our consolidated results reflect
our post-IPO structure as a REIT, including the operations of
the TRS, which was not present in the operations of our
Predecessor Entities. The combined historical financial
information for our Predecessor Entities includes:
|
|
|
|
|
the development and management service operations and real
estate operations of American Campus Communities, L.L.C., one of
the Predecessor Entities; |
|
|
|
the real estate operations of RAP SHP and its subsidiaries,
including The Village at Riverside, which we ceased owning after
the completion of the IPO, and Coyote Village, which was
transferred to Weatherford College in April 2004; and |
|
|
|
the joint venture properties and operations of American
Campus Titan, LLC and American Campus Titan II,
LLC. |
You should read the following summary selected financial data in
conjunction with the consolidated and combined historical
financial statements and the related notes and with
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations, which are included
elsewhere in this prospectus.
Our unaudited historical consolidated balance sheet information
as of March 31, 2005 and consolidated and combined
statements of operations for the three months ended
March 31, 2005 and 2004 are derived from our unaudited
historical combined financial statements, which we believe
include all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring
adjustments) necessary to present fairly the information set
forth therein. Our results of operations for the interim period
ended March 31, 2005 are not necessarily indicative of the
results to be obtained for the full fiscal year.
The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated and combined
statements of operations for the three months ended
March 31, 2005 and for the year ended December 31,
2004 are presented as if we had acquired Exchange at Gainesville
(acquired March 2005), City Parc at Fry Street (acquired March
2005) and the five-property Proctor Portfolio (acquired February
2005) as of January 1, 2004. It was also assumed that our
IPO transactions all had occurred as of January 1, 2004.
The pro forma adjustments include the related repayment of
certain debt and the acquisition of minority ownership of
certain assets. All such transactions are reflected on our
March 31, 2005 consolidated balance sheet, which is
included elsewhere in this prospectus.
37
The following summary unaudited financial data should be read
together with the pro forma condensed consolidated and combined
statements of operations and our historical financial statements
and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The pro
forma condensed consolidated and combined statements of
operations are unaudited and are not necessarily indicative of
what the actual results of operations would have been had we
acquired the properties or consummated the IPO as of
January 1, 2004, nor do they purport to represent the
results of our operations for future periods. While such
unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated and combined
financial statements are based on adjustments that we deem
appropriate and that were factually supported based on currently
available data, the pro forma information may not be indicative
of what actual results would have been, nor does this
information present our financial results or condition for
future periods.
Statements of Operations Information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in thousands, except share and per share data) | |
|
|
| |
|
|
Three Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
March 31, | |
|
Years Ended December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Historical | |
|
|
|
Historical | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Pro Forma | |
|
| |
|
Pro Forma | |
|
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2001 | |
|
2000 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(Unaudited) | |
|
(Unaudited) | |
Revenues
|
|
$ |
19,541 |
|
|
$ |
15,352 |
|
|
$ |
22,325 |
|
|
$ |
60,823 |
|
|
$ |
57,136 |
|
|
$ |
52,131 |
|
|
$ |
40,752 |
|
|
$ |
25,126 |
|
|
$ |
76,623 |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations
|
|
|
2,311 |
|
|
|
1,585 |
|
|
|
2,646 |
|
|
|
(1,572 |
) |
|
|
(967 |
) |
|
|
(2,753 |
) |
|
|
(3,300 |
) |
|
|
(1,869 |
) |
|
|
(1,785 |
) |
Discontinued operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) income attributable to discontinued operations
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
272 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
319 |
|
|
|
361 |
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Gain (loss) from disposition of real estate
|
|
|
5,883 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(39 |
) |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
295 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
|
8,192 |
|
|
|
1,530 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,339 |
) |
|
|
(944 |
) |
|
|
(2,139 |
) |
|
|
(2,939 |
) |
|
|
(1,872 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Per Share and Distribution Data:(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per diluted share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$ |
0.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.21 |
|
|
$ |
0.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(.14 |
) |
|
Discontinued operations
|
|
|
0.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.05 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$ |
0.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash distributions declared per share/unit
|
|
|
0.3375 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.1651 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash distributions declared
|
|
|
4,277 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,104 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in thousands) | |
|
|
| |
|
|
As of | |
|
As of December 31, | |
|
|
March 31, | |
|
| |
|
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2001 | |
|
2000 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(Unaudited) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$ |
486,487 |
|
|
$ |
367,628 |
|
|
$ |
330,566 |
|
|
$ |
307,658 |
|
|
$ |
295,637 |
|
|
$ |
217,151 |
|
Debt
|
|
|
314,385 |
|
|
|
201,014 |
|
|
|
267,518 |
|
|
|
249,706 |
|
|
|
234,449 |
|
|
|
178,442 |
|
Stockholders and Predecessor entities owners
equity(2)
|
|
|
141,380 |
|
|
|
138,229 |
|
|
|
27,658 |
|
|
|
35,526 |
|
|
|
40,572 |
|
|
|
25,609 |
|
Selected Owned Property Information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned properties
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
Units
|
|
|
5,163 |
|
|
|
4,317 |
|
|
|
3,567 |
|
|
|
3,459 |
|
|
|
3,377 |
|
|
|
2,781 |
|
|
Beds
|
|
|
15,593 |
|
|
|
12,955 |
|
|
|
10,546 |
|
|
|
10,336 |
|
|
|
10,027 |
|
|
|
8,232 |
|
|
Occupancy
|
|
|
96.0 |
% |
|
|
97.1 |
% |
|
|
91.5 |
% |
|
|
91.0 |
% |
|
|
93.5 |
% |
|
|
93.3 |
% |
38
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in thousands) | |
|
|
| |
|
|
Three Months | |
|
|
|
|
Ended | |
|
|
|
|
March 31, | |
|
Years Ended December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2001 | |
|
2000 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(Unaudited) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Flow Information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
$ |
5,713 |
|
|
$ |
5,237 |
|
|
$ |
17,293 |
|
|
$ |
6,862 |
|
|
$ |
7,647 |
|
|
$ |
5,338 |
|
|
$ |
3,577 |
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(58,853 |
) |
|
|
(19,213 |
) |
|
|
(63,621 |
) |
|
|
(33,738 |
) |
|
|
(21,678 |
) |
|
|
(68,540 |
) |
|
|
(87,652 |
) |
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
55,515 |
|
|
|
13,004 |
|
|
|
45,151 |
|
|
|
21,537 |
|
|
|
11,646 |
|
|
|
72,832 |
|
|
|
84,215 |
|
Funds From Operations (FFO):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$ |
8,192 |
|
|
$ |
1,530 |
|
|
$ |
(1,339 |
) |
|
$ |
(944 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,139 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,939 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,872 |
) |
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
(21 |
) |
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
(110 |
) |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
(Gain) loss from disposition of real estate
|
|
|
(5,883 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
(295 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate related depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
3,326 |
|
|
|
2,277 |
|
|
|
10,009 |
|
|
|
8,937 |
|
|
|
8,233 |
|
|
|
6,807 |
|
|
|
4,188 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Funds from operations(3)(4)
|
|
$ |
5,722 |
|
|
$ |
3,786 |
|
|
$ |
8,609 |
|
|
$ |
7,961 |
|
|
$ |
5,769 |
|
|
$ |
3,758 |
|
|
$ |
2,296 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Represents per share information and cash distributions declared
during the period from August 17, 2004 through
March 31, 2005. |
|
(2) |
Information as of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004
reflects our stockholders equity as a result of the IPO
while previous years reflect the equity of the owners of our
Predecessor Entities. |
|
(3) |
As defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment
Trusts or NAREIT, funds from operations or FFO represents income
(loss) before allocation to minority interest (computed in
accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of
property, plus real estate related depreciation and amortization
(excluding amortization of loan origination costs) and after
adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.
We present FFO because we consider it an important supplemental
measure of our operating performance and believe it is
frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other
interested parties in the evaluation of REITs, many of which
present FFO when reporting their results. FFO is intended to
exclude GAAP historical cost depreciation and amortization of
real estate and related assets, which assumes that the value of
real estate diminishes ratably over time. Historically, however,
real estate values have risen or fallen with market conditions.
Because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization unique to
real estate, gains and losses from property dispositions and
extraordinary items, it provides a performance measure that,
when compared year over year, reflects the impact to operations
from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs,
development activities and interest costs, providing perspective
not immediately apparent from net income. |
|
|
|
We compute FFO in accordance with standards established by the
Board of Governors of NAREIT in its March 1995 White Paper (as
amended in November 1999 and April 2002), which may differ from
the methodology for calculating FFO utilized by other equity
REITs and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other
REITs. Further, FFO does not represent amounts available for
managements discretionary use because of needed capital
replacement or expansion, debt service obligations or other
commitments and uncertainties. FFO should not be considered as
an alternative to net income (loss) (computed in accordance with
GAAP) as an indicator of our financial performance or to cash
flow from operating activities (computed in accordance with
GAAP) as an indicator of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of
funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to
pay dividends or make distributions. |
|
|
(4) |
When considering our FFO, we believe it is also a meaningful
measure of our performance to exclude certain revenues and
expenses from our on-campus participating properties. See
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of OperationsFunds from
Operations. |
39
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with
our financial statements, related notes and other financial
information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
Overview
|
|
|
Our Company and Our Business |
We are one of the largest owners, managers and developers of
high quality student housing properties in the United States in
terms of beds owned, managed and developed. As of March 31,
2005, our total owned and managed portfolio included
43 properties that represented approximately 26,900 beds in
approximately 9,700 units. We are a fully integrated,
self-managed and self-administered equity REIT with expertise in
the acquisition, design, financing, development, construction
management, leasing and management of student housing properties.
As of March 31, 2005, our property portfolio consisted of
24 high-quality student housing properties containing
15,600 beds in approximately 5,200 units consisting of
19 off-campus student housing properties within close
proximity to 22 colleges and universities in nine states,
and five on-campus participating properties owned though
ground/facility leases with the respective university systems.
These communities contain modern housing units, offer
resort-style amenities and are supported by a classic resident
assistant system and other student-oriented programming.
We also provide third party services to colleges and
universities for the management and development of on-campus
student housing. We manage 19 properties on a third party
basis primarily for colleges, universities and financial
institutions. These third party managed properties contain
approximately 11,300 beds in approximately
4,500 units. We provided development and construction
management services for 13 of these properties. Our third party
management services are typically provided pursuant to
multi-year management contracts that have an initial term that
ranges from two to five years.
Our third party development and construction management services
clients for student housing properties that include
universities, charitable foundations and others. We have
generally developed student housing properties for these clients
and, a majority of the time, have been retained to manage these
properties following their opening. As of March 31, 2005,
development fees of approximately $5.1 million remained to
be earned by us with respect to contracted third party
development projects. The following table provides certain
information with respect to third party properties under
development as of March 31, 2005:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in thousands) | |
|
|
| |
|
|
Total | |
|
|
|
Balance to be | |
|
|
|
|
Contractual | |
|
Fees Previously | |
|
Earned and | |
|
|
|
|
Fee | |
|
Earned and | |
|
Recognized in | |
|
Scheduled | |
Property |
|
Amount | |
|
Recognized | |
|
2005 and 2006 | |
|
Completion | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Saint Leo University Phase II
|
|
$ |
375 |
|
|
$ |
199 |
|
|
$ |
176 |
|
|
|
Aug 2005 |
|
Vista del Campo Phase II
|
|
|
3,501 |
|
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
3,333 |
|
|
|
Aug 2006 |
|
West Virginia University
pre development services
|
|
|
400 |
(1) |
|
|
370 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
Jun 2005 |
|
Fenn Tower Renovation
|
|
|
1,509 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
1,499 |
|
|
|
Aug 2006 |
|
Lamar University Dining Hall
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
Nov 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$ |
5,895 |
|
|
$ |
769 |
|
|
$ |
5,126 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Contractual fee amount is shown net of approximately
$0.6 million of costs anticipated to be incurred to
complete the project. |
In addition, as of March 31, 2005, we have been selected to
perform construction administration services related to a
student housing property for West Virginia University. These
services provide a net construction administration fee of
approximately $0.3 million and are anticipated to commence
in August
40
2005. We have also received a Notice of Intent to
Award from Arizona State University indicating that we
have been selected to provide design, development and management
of student housing on the Tempe Campus. In addition, we have
also been selected by Hope International University in
Fullerton, California, to design and oversee a comprehensive
redevelopment of its campus, including the development of
residence halls, student apartments and faculty housing. Subject
to the successful structuring and closing of the Arizona State
and Hope transactions, we anticipate that the projects will
commence construction during the second or third quarter of 2006.
The net operating income of our student housing communities,
which is one of the financial measures that we use to evaluate
community performance, is affected by the demand and supply
dynamics within our markets, which drives our rental rates and
occupancy levels, and is affected by our ability to control
operating costs. Our overall operating performance is also
impacted by the general availability and cost of capital and the
performance of our newly developed and acquired student housing
communities as to which there may be little or no operating
history. We seek to create long-term stockholder value by
accessing capital on cost effective terms, deploying that
capital to develop, redevelop and acquire student housing
communities and selling communities when they no longer meet our
long-term investment strategy and when market conditions are
favorable.
We believe that the ownership and operation of student housing
communities in close proximity to selected colleges and
universities present attractive investment opportunities for us
due to a number of factors positively impacting the student
housing market in the United States today. We intend to continue
to execute our strategy of acquiring and developing high
quality, modern student housing communities in close proximity
to major universities, which feature a differentiated product
offering, with locations in student housing sub-markets that
have barriers to entry. In addition, our strategy includes
identifying properties with barriers to entry that are projected
to experience significant increases in enrollment and/or are
under-serviced in terms of existing on and/or off-campus student
housing. While fee revenue from our third party development,
construction management and property management services allows
us to develop strong and key relationships with colleges and
universities, this area has over time become a smaller portion
of our operations due to the continued focus on and growth of
our owned property portfolio. Nevertheless, we believe these
services continue to provide synergies with respect to our
ability to identify, close and successfully operate student
housing properties.
In March 2005, we acquired an off-campus student housing
property (Exchange at Gainesville, to be renamed) consisting of
1,044 beds in 396 units located near the University of
Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida, for a purchase price of
$47.5 million. In addition, we anticipate spending
approximately $1.1 million in closing and other external
transaction costs, including capital expenditures necessary to
bring the property up to our operating standards. We also
anticipate spending approximately $45,000 of initial integration
expenses to bring the property up to our operating standards. We
entered into a fixed-rate mortgage loan in the amount of
$38.8 million in connection with this acquisition.
In March 2005, we acquired an off-campus student housing
property (City Parc at Fry Street) consisting of 418 beds in
136 units located near the University of North Texas in
Denton, Texas, for a purchase price of $19.2 million. In
addition, we anticipate spending $0.4 million in closing
and other external transaction costs, including capital
expenditures necessary to bring the property up to our operating
standards. We also anticipate spending approximately $35,000 of
initial integration expenses to bring the property up to our
operating standards. We assumed approximately $11.8 million
of fixed-rate mortgage debt in connection with this acquisition.
In February 2005, we acquired a portfolio of five off-campus
student housing properties (the Proctor Portfolio)
for a purchase price of approximately $53.5 million. Four
of the properties are located in Tallahassee, Florida and one
property is located in Gainesville, Florida. These five
communities contained 1,656 beds in 446 units. We
anticipate spending approximately $1.7 million in closing
and other external transaction costs, including capital
expenditures necessary to bring the property up to our operating
41
standards. We also anticipate spending approximately
$0.1 million of initial integration expenses to bring the
property up to our operating standards. We assumed approximately
$35.4 million of fixed-rate mortgage debt in connection
with this acquisition.
In November 2004, California State University
San Bernardino exercised its option to purchase the
University Village at San Bernardino off-campus student
housing property for an aggregate purchase price of
approximately $28.3 million. This transaction was
consummated in January 2005, resulting in net proceeds of
approximately $28.1 million. The resulting gain on
disposition of approximately $5.9 million is included in
discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated
statement of operations for the three months ended
March 31, 2005.
|
|
|
Owned Development Activities |
We are currently in the process of constructing one owned
off-campus property and are in pre-development of two additional
off-campus owned properties. We are also currently constructing
one owned on-campus participating property. We anticipate that
the total pre-development and development cost relating to these
activities will be approximately $150.3 million. As of
March 31, 2005, we have incurred development costs of
approximately $26.1 million in connection with these
properties, with the remaining development costs estimated at
$124.2 million. The activities are described below:
We acquired a land parcel near the State University of New
York Buffalo and commenced development of an owned
off-campus property containing 828 beds in 269 units. Total
development cost is estimated to be $36.1 million. This
property is currently in the final stages of construction and is
pre-leased to 100% occupancy for its upcoming opening in August
2005. As of March 31, 2005, the project was approximately
68% complete, and we anticipate incurring remaining development
costs of approximately $14.8 million.
We are in the later stages of design and pre-development on two
owned off-campus properties with total anticipated development
costs of approximately $97.2 million. One project is
located in Newark, New Jersey near the campuses of the New
Jersey Institute of Technology, Rutgers University and Essex
County Community College. We anticipate development costs on
this property to total approximately $62.3 million and plan
to own this property through a joint venture that we will
control with Titan Investments, a partner with whom we have
previously developed four off-campus student housing properties.
As of March 31, 2005, we have incurred approximately
$0.5 million of pre-development costs related to this
project. The second property is located in close proximity to
Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas, and we
estimate the total development costs on this property to be
approximately $34.9 million. Both developments are
currently progressing through their respective entitlement and
municipal approval processes and are contingent upon receiving
all necessary approvals. Depending upon the timeliness of these
approvals, we plan to commence construction in Summer of 2005
for an August 2006 completion or to commence construction in
Summer of 2006 for an August 2007 completion.
Our Cullen Oaks Phase II on-campus participating property,
located on the campus of the University of Houston, is currently
under construction with total development costs estimated to be
$17.0 million. The project is scheduled to be completed in
August 2005 in connection with the 2005/2006 academic year. As
of March 31, 2005, the project was approximately 23%
complete, and we anticipate incurring remaining development
costs of approximately $12.7 million.
|
|
|
Structure of On-Campus Participating Properties |
At our on-campus participating properties, the subject
universities own both the land and improvements. We then have a
leasehold interest under a ground/facility lease. Under the
lease, we receive an annual distribution representing 50% of
these properties net cash available for distribution after
payment of operating expenses (which includes our management
fees), debt service (which includes repayment of principal) and
capital expenditures. We also manage these properties under
multi-year management agreements and are paid a management fee
representing 5% of receipts.
42
We do not have access to the cash flows and working capital of
these participating properties except for the annual net cash
distribution described above. Additionally, a substantial
portion of these properties cash flow is dedicated to
capital reserves required under the applicable property
indebtedness and to the amortization of such indebtedness. These
amounts do not increase our economic interest in these
properties since our interest, including our right to share in
the net cash available for distribution from the properties,
terminates upon the amortization of their indebtedness. Our
economic interest in these properties is therefore limited to
our interest in the annual net cash distribution described above
and management fees from these properties. Accordingly, when
considering these properties contribution to our
operations, we focus upon our share of these properties
net cash available for distribution and the management fees that
we receive from these properties, rather than upon their
contribution to our gross revenues and expenses for financial
reporting purposes.
The following table reflects the actual contribution to our
consolidated/combined net income of our on-campus participating
properties for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and
2002 and the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004.
These results include the contribution of certain on-campus
participating properties that were developed by us and by
pre-arrangement transferred to the university after we had
secured the necessary financing:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in thousands) | |
|
|
| |
|
|
Three Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
March 31, | |
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Revenues
|
|
$ |
5,491 |
|
|
$ |
5,608 |
|
|
$ |
17,730 |
|
|
$ |
17,002 |
|
|
$ |
16,670 |
|
Direct operating expenses(1)
|
|
|
1,722 |
|
|
|
1,785 |
|
|
|
7,621 |
|
|
|
7,517 |
|
|
|
7,273 |
|
Amortization
|
|
|
879 |
|
|
|
854 |
|
|
|
3,532 |
|
|
|
3,271 |
|
|
|
3,152 |
|
Amortization of deferred financing costs
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
240 |
|
|
|
180 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
Ground/facility lease expense
|
|
|
212 |
|
|
|
175 |
|
|
|
846 |
|
|
|
584 |
|
|
|
664 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating income
|
|
|
2,632 |
|
|
|
2,728 |
|
|
|
5,491 |
|
|
|
5,450 |
|
|
|
5,421 |
|
Interest income
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
67 |
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(1,347 |
) |
|
|
(1,449 |
) |
|
|
(5,547 |
) |
|
|
(5,293 |
) |
|
|
(5,291 |
) |
Other nonoperating income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
234 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income(2)
|
|
$ |
1,310 |
|
|
$ |
1,285 |
|
|
$ |
231 |
|
|
$ |
187 |
|
|
$ |
197 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Excludes the property management fees described below. This
expense and the corresponding fee revenue recognized by us have
been eliminated in consolidation/combination. Also excludes
allocation of expenses related to corporate management and
oversight. |
|
(2) |
Includes the results of Coyote Village, which was transferred to
Weatherford College in April 2004. Operations at this property
are classified as discontinued operations for all relevant
periods in the consolidated and combined financial statements
included elsewhere in this prospectus. Excludes income taxes
associated with these properties, which are owned by our TRS
subsequent to the IPO. |
We earned $0.9 million, $0.8 million and
$0.8 million in management fees under these arrangements
for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002,
respectively, and $0.3 million for each of the three-month
periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004. Additionally, our
share of the net cash flows of these properties for the years
ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 was
$0.8 million, $0.5 million and $0.7 million,
respectively, and $0.2 million for each of the three-month
periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004.
|
|
|
Our Recent Formation as a REIT |
We were formed to succeed the business of our predecessor
entities (the Predecessor Entities), which were a
combination of real estate entities under common ownership and
voting control collectively doing business as American Campus
Communities, L.L.C. and Affiliated Student Housing Properties,
entities
43
engaged in the student housing business since 1993. We were
incorporated in Maryland on March 9, 2004. Additionally,
American Campus Communities Operating Partnership, L.P., our
operating partnership (the Operating Partnership),
was formed and our taxable REIT subsidiary (TRS) was
incorporated in Maryland on July 14, 2004 and
August 17, 2004, respectively, each in anticipation of our
initial public offering of common stock (the IPO).
The IPO was consummated on August 17, 2004, concurrent with
the consummation of various formation transactions, and
consisted of the sale of 12,100,000 shares of our common
stock at a price per share of $17.50, generating gross proceeds
of approximately $211.8 million. The aggregate proceeds to
us, net of the underwriters discount and offering costs,
were approximately $189.4 million. In connection with the
exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option on
September 15, 2004, we issued an additional
515,000 shares of common stock at the IPO price per share,
generating an additional $9.0 million of gross proceeds and
$8.4 million in net proceeds after the underwriters
discount. Our operations commenced on August 17, 2004 after
completion of the IPO and the formation transactions, and are
conducted substantially through the Operating Partnership and
its wholly owned subsidiaries, including the TRS.
In connection with the IPO, we completed the following formation
transactions:
|
|
|
|
|
Redeemed 100% of the ownership interests of the Predecessor
Entities in RAP Student Housing Properties L.L.C. (RAP
SHP) for approximately $80.1 million. |
|
|
|
Acquired the minority ownership interest of Titan
Investments II (Titan) in certain owned
off-campus properties in exchange for approximately
$5.7 million. |
|
|
|
Repaid certain construction and permanent indebtedness totaling
approximately $105.5 million. |
|
|
|
Distributed The Village at Riverside and certain other non-core
assets to the Predecessor Entities. |
|
|
|
Entered into a $75 million senior secured revolving credit
facility under which our ability to borrow is subject to certain
conditions and the satisfaction of specified financial
covenants, which credit facility was subsequently amended. |
Our Predecessor Entities provided certain services to residents
that we are not permitted to provide under IRS regulations
relating to REITs. Therefore, in conjunction with our formation,
we restructured our operations relative to the provision of
these services. Subsequent to the commencement of our operations
as a REIT, these resident services have been provided by our
TRS, resulting in lower rental revenue and higher resident
services revenue.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
(GAAP) requires management to make estimates and
assumptions in certain circumstances that affect amounts
reported in our consolidated and combined financial statements
and related notes. In preparing these financial statements,
management has utilized all available information, including its
past history, industry standards and the current economic
environment, among other factors, in forming its estimates and
judgments of certain amounts included in the consolidated and
combined financial statements, giving due consideration to
materiality. It is possible that the ultimate outcome
anticipated by management in formulating its estimates may not
be realized. Application of the critical accounting policies
below involves the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions
as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results
could differ from these estimates. In addition, other companies
in similar businesses may utilize different estimation policies
and methodologies, which may impact the comparability of our
results of operations and financial condition to those companies.
|
|
|
Allocation of Fair Value to Acquired Properties |
The price that we pay to acquire a property is impacted by many
factors, including the condition of the buildings and
improvements, the occupancy of the building, favorable or
unfavorable financing, and numerous other factors. Accordingly,
we are required to make subjective assessments to allocate the
44
purchase price paid to acquire investments in real estate among
the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on our
estimate of the fair values of such assets and liabilities. This
includes, among other items, determining the value of the
buildings and improvements, land, in-place tenant leases, and
any debt assumed from the seller. Each of these estimates
requires a great deal of judgment and some of the estimates
involve complex calculations. Our calculation methodology is
summarized in Note 2 to our consolidated and combined
financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
These allocation assessments have a direct impact on our results
of operations because if we were to allocate more value to land
there would be no depreciation with respect to such amount or if
we were to allocate more value to the buildings as opposed to
allocating to the value of in-place tenant leases, this amount
would be recognized as an expense over a much longer period of
time, since the amounts allocated to buildings are depreciated
over the estimated lives of the buildings whereas amounts
allocated to in-place tenant leases are amortized over the terms
of the leases (generally less than one year).
|
|
|
Revenue and Cost Recognition of Third Party Development
and Management Services |
Costs associated with the pursuit of third party development and
management service contracts are expensed as incurred until such
time as we have been notified of a contract award or otherwise
believe that it is probable a contract will be awarded. At such
time, the reimbursable portion of such costs are recorded as
receivables with the remaining portion deferred and expensed in
relation to the revenues earned on such contracts. Development
revenues are recognized and related costs (including the costs
of our development personnel involved in the project) deferred
and expensed using the percentage of completion method as
determined by construction costs incurred relative to the total
estimated construction costs. Fees received in excess of those
recognized are reflected as deferred development and
construction revenue. Revenues recognized in excess of amounts
received are included in other assets. Incentive fees are
recognized when the project is complete and the incentive amount
has been confirmed by an independent third party.
Third party management fees are generally received and
recognized on a monthly basis and are computed as a percentage
of property receipts, revenues or a fixed monthly amount, in
accordance with the applicable management contract. Incentive
management fees are recognized when the contractual criteria
have been met.
|
|
|
Student Housing Rental Revenue Recognition and Accounts
Receivable |
Student housing rental revenue is recognized on a straight-line
basis over the term of the contract. Ancillary and other
property related income is recognized in the period earned. In
estimating the collectibility of our accounts receivable, we
analyze specific resident receivables, historical bad debts, and
current economic trends. These estimates have a direct impact on
our net income, as an increase in our allowance for doubtful
accounts reduces our net income.
|
|
|
Long-Lived Assets-Impairment |
On a periodic basis, management is required to assess whether
there are any indicators that the value of our real estate
properties may be impaired. A propertys value is
considered impaired if managements estimate of the
aggregate future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest
charges) to be generated by the property are less than the
carrying value of the property. These estimates of cash flows
consider factors such as expected future operating income,
trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand,
competition and other factors. To the extent impairment has
occurred, the loss will be measured as the excess of the
carrying amount of the property over the fair value of the
property, thereby reducing our net income.
45
|
|
|
Long-Lived Assets-Held For Sale |
Long-lived assets to be disposed of are classified as held for
sale in the period in which all of the following criteria are
met:
|
|
|
|
|
Management, having the authority to approve the action, commits
to a plan to sell the asset; |
|
|
|
The asset is available for immediate sale in its present
condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for
sales of such assets; |
|
|
|
An active program to locate a buyer and other actions required
to complete the plan to sell the asset have been initiated; |
|
|
|
The sale of the asset is probable, and transfer of the asset is
expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale, within
one year; |
|
|
|
The asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is
reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and |
|
|
|
Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is
unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or
that the plan will be withdrawn. |
When material, the results of operations of a property that has
either been disposed of, distributed, or is classified as held
for sale is reported in discontinued operations if both of the
following conditions are met: (a) the operations and cash
flows of the component have been (or will be) eliminated from
our ongoing operations as a result of the disposal transaction
and (b) we will not have any significant continuing
involvement in the operations of the component after the
disposal transaction.
|
|
|
Construction Property Savings and Fire Proceeds |
A Predecessor Entity was entitled to any savings in the budgeted
completion cost of three of our owned off-campus construction
properties that were completed in Fall 2004. Additionally, upon
completion of construction at University Village at TU, which
occurred during Fall 2004, our Predecessor Entities received a
construction guarantee fee, which was paid from the remaining
construction budget. In November 2004, our Predecessor Entities
also received insurance proceeds that we received in connection
with the fire that occurred at the University Village at Fresno.
These payments were accounted for as equity distributions.
Results of Operations
For a discussion of pro forma results of operations for the
three months ended March 31, 2005 and for the year ended
December 31, 2004, see Notes (A) through (G) to
our unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated and combined
statements of operations included elsewhere in this prospectus.
46
Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2005
and March 31, 2004
The following table presents our results of operations for the
three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, including the
amount (in thousands) and percentage change in these results
between the two periods:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
Change ($) | |
|
Change (%) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned off-campus properties
|
|
$ |
12,489 |
|
|
$ |
7,989 |
|
|
$ |
4,500 |
|
|
|
56.3 |
% |
|
On-campus participating properties
|
|
|
5,493 |
|
|
|
5,293 |
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
3.8 |
% |
|
Third party development and management services
|
|
|
1,355 |
|
|
|
2,070 |
|
|
|
(715 |
) |
|
|
(34.5 |
)% |
|
Resident services
|
|
|
204 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
204 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
19,541 |
|
|
|
15,352 |
|
|
|
4,189 |
|
|
|
27.3 |
% |
Operating Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned off-campus properties
|
|
|
5,136 |
|
|
|
3,459 |
|
|
|
1,677 |
|
|
|
48.5 |
% |
|
On-campus participating properties
|
|
|
1,875 |
|
|
|
1,800 |
|
|
|
75 |
|
|
|
4.2 |
% |
|
Third party development and management services
|
|
|
1,464 |
|
|
|
1,264 |
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
15.8 |
% |
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
1,364 |
|
|
|
453 |
|
|
|
911 |
|
|
|
201.1 |
% |
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
3,424 |
|
|
|
2,259 |
|
|
|
1,165 |
|
|
|
51.6 |
% |
|
Ground/facility leases
|
|
|
212 |
|
|
|
141 |
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
50.4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
13,475 |
|
|
|
9,376 |
|
|
|
4,099 |
|
|
|
43.7 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income
|
|
|
6,066 |
|
|
|
5,976 |
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
1.5 |
% |
Nonoperating income and (expenses):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
346.2 |
% |
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(3,808 |
) |
|
|
(4,281 |
) |
|
|
473 |
|
|
|
(11.0 |
)% |
|
Amortization of deferred financing costs
|
|
|
(246 |
) |
|
|
(144 |
) |
|
|
(102 |
) |
|
|
70.8 |
% |
|
Other nonoperating income
|
|
|
430 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
430 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total nonoperating expenses
|
|
|
(3,566 |
) |
|
|
(4,412 |
) |
|
|
846 |
|
|
|
(19.2 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income tax provision, minority interests, and
discontinued operations
|
|
|
2,500 |
|
|
|
1,564 |
|
|
|
936 |
|
|
|
59.8 |
% |
Income tax provision
|
|
|
(102 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(102 |
) |
|
|
(100.0 |
)% |
Minority interests
|
|
|
(87 |
) |
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
(108 |
) |
|
|
(514.3 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
2,311 |
|
|
|
1,585 |
|
|
|
726 |
|
|
|
45.8 |
% |
Discontinued operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss attributable to discontinued operations
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
(96.4 |
)% |
|
Gain from disposition of real estate
|
|
|
5,883 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,883 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total discontinued operations
|
|
|
5,881 |
|
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
5,936 |
|
|
|
10,792.7 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$ |
8,192 |
|
|
$ |
1,530 |
|
|
$ |
6,662 |
|
|
|
435.4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned Off-Campus Properties Operations |
Revenues from our owned off-campus properties for the three
months ended March 31, 2005 compared with the same period
in 2004 increased by $4.5 million primarily due to the
completion of construction and opening of two properties in
August 2004, the acquisition of seven properties during the
first quarter of 2005 and higher first quarter occupancy at a
majority of the same store properties operated during both
periods, as described below. Operating expenses increased
approximately $1.7 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2005 compared with the same period in 2004.
University Village at San Bernardino, which also opened in
August of 2004, was sold in January 2005 and is therefore not
reflected in operating revenues and expenses but is included in
discontinued operations for the relevant periods.
47
New Property Operations. In August 2004, we completed
construction of and opened a 406-bed property serving California
State University, Fresno and a 749-bed property serving Temple
University. Additionally, we acquired seven properties
containing 3,118 beds at various times during the first quarter
of 2005, located in Florida (Gainesville and Tallahassee) and
Denton, Texas. These new properties contributed
$3.8 million of additional revenues and $1.6 million
of additional operating expenses in the first quarter of 2005 as
compared to the first quarter of 2004.
Same Store Property Operations (Excluding New Property
Operations). We had nine properties containing 5,971 beds
which were operating during both the three-month periods ended
March 31, 2005 and 2004, and which had average occupancy
rates during these periods of 97.9% and 88.8%, respectively.
These properties produced revenues of $8.7 million and
$8.0 million during the three-month periods ended
March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. This increase of
$0.7 million was the result of the improved Fall 2004 lease
up and was offset by certain non-rental revenues previously
reflected as property revenues by the Predecessor Entities,
which are now reflected as resident services revenues in our
TRS. Future revenues will be dependent on our ability to
maintain our current leases in effect for the 2004/2005 academic
year and our ability to obtain appropriate rental rates and
desired occupancy for the 2005/2006 academic year at our various
properties during our leasing period, which typically begins in
January and ends in August.
At these existing properties, operating expenses remained
relatively constant at $3.6 million for the three months
ended March 31, 2005 compared to $3.5 million for the
three months ended March 31, 2004. This slight increase was
the result of increases in operating expenses such as marketing,
maintenance, employee benefits, utilities and taxes. These
increases were due to a combination of increases in inflation
and overall higher occupancy rates. We anticipate that operating
expenses in 2005 will continue to increase slightly as compared
with 2004 as a result of expected increases in utility costs,
property taxes and general inflation.
|
|
|
On-Campus Participating Properties (OCPP)
Operations |
Same Store OCPP Operations. We had four participating
properties containing 4,167 beds (including the additional 210
beds at our Prairie View A&M property that opened in August
2003) which were operating during both the three-month periods
ended March 31, 2005 and 2004. The Cullen Oaks
Phase II property is currently under construction and is
scheduled to commence operations in August 2005. Revenues from
our on-campus participating properties increased to
$5.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005
from $5.3 million for the three months ended March 31,
2004, an increase of $0.2 million. This increase was
primarily due to an increase in rental rates, which was slightly
offset by a decrease in average occupancy from 96.2% for the
three months ended March 31, 2004 to 94.4% for the three
months ended March 31, 2005. Coyote Village, formerly an
on-campus participating property that commenced operations in
August 2003, had its ground lease transferred to Weatherford
College in April 2004; therefore, it is not reflected in
operating revenues and expenses but is included in discontinued
operations for the three months ended March 31, 2004.
Operating expenses for our on-campus participating properties
remained relatively constant at $1.9 million for the three
months ended March 31, 2005 compared to $1.8 million
for the three months ended March 31, 2004. We anticipate
that operating expenses during 2005 will increase slightly as
compared with 2004 as a result of expected increases in utility
costs and general inflation.
Ground/facility lease expense remained relatively constant at
$0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005
as compared to $0.1 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2004.
|
|
|
Third Party Development and Management Services |
Third party development and management services revenue
decreased $0.7 million from $2.1 million for the three
months ended March 31, 2004 to $1.4 million in 2005,
primarily due to the factors discussed in the paragraphs below.
Third party development and management services operating
expenses increased $0.2 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2005 compared with the same period in 2004,
48
primarily due to expenses incurred in 2005 in relation to the
pre-development and design services provided under the West
Virginia University project.
Development Services. Third party development services
revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2005 decreased
$1.1 million compared with the same period in 2004. This
decrease was primarily due to the UCI Phase I development
project being completed in Fall 2004 and therefore earning no
revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2005 as
compared to earning approximately $0.8 million of revenue
during the three months ended March 31, 2004. We also
recognized $0.2 million in construction savings on a
previously completed third party development project during the
three months ended March 31, 2004. In addition, this
decrease was due to a combination of fewer projects, a lower
average project development cost and corresponding contractual
fee per project and the percentage of the contractual fee
recognized during the respective periods. We had four projects
in progress during the three months ended March 31, 2005
with an average contractual fee of $1.2 million compared to
the five projects in progress with an average contractual fee of
$1.4 million for the three months ended March 31,
2004. In addition, due to the differences in the percentage of
construction completed during the periods, of the total
contractual fees of the projects in progress during the
respective periods, 12.3% was recognized (on a percentage of
completion basis) during the three months ended March 31,
2005 compared with 20.4% for the same period in 2004.
Development services revenues are dependent on our ability to
successfully be awarded such projects, the amount of the
contractual fee related to the project and the timing and
completion of the construction of the project. In addition, to
the extent projects are completed under budget, we may be
entitled to a portion of such savings, which are recognized as
revenue upon third party verification of the project costs. It
is possible that projects for which we have expended
pre-development costs will not close and that we will not be
reimbursed for such costs. The pre-development costs associated
therewith will ordinarily be charged against income for the
then-current period.
Management Services. Third party management revenues
increased $0.3 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2005 compared with the same period in 2004. The
increase was due to five new contracts that commenced in Fall
2004. We expect third party property management revenues to
continue to increase during 2005 as compared with 2004,
primarily as a result of a full year of fees on the new
contracts that commenced in Fall 2004.
Concurrent with our commencement of operations and our
designation as a REIT, certain services previously provided to
residents by our Predecessor Entities are now provided by our
TRS. These services generally consist of food service and
housekeeping (at Callaway House), and certain resident
programming activities. These services are provided to the
residents at market rates and, under an agreement between our
TRS and our Operating Partnership, payments from residents at
the properties are collected on behalf of our TRS in conjunction
with their collection of rents. Revenue from resident services
for the three months ended March 31, 2005 approximated
$0.2 million. As a business strategy, our level of services
provided to residents by the TRS is only incidental to that
which is necessary to maintain or increase occupancy. As a
result of the timing of the formation of the TRS in 2004, we
expect revenue from resident services in 2005 to be
significantly higher than in 2004.
|
|
|
General and Administrative |
General and administrative expenses (relating primarily to
corporate operations) increased $0.9 million for the three
months ended March 31, 2005 compared with the same period
in 2004. The increase was primarily a result of expenses
incurred as a public company which were not present in the
Predecessor Entities operations such as directors
compensation, investor relations, increased professional
services fees, Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 compliance costs
and director and officer liability insurance. As a result of
being a public company and a separation agreement entered into
with an executive officer in April 2005, we anticipate our
future general and administrative expenses will exceed those of
our Predecessor Entities.
49
|
|
|
Depreciation and Amortization |
Depreciation and amortization increased $1.2 million for
the three months ended March 31, 2005 compared with the
same period in 2004 primarily due to the opening of the two
owned off-campus properties in August 2004 and the acquisition
of seven properties for $120.2 million during the first
quarter of 2005, as described above. In conjunction with the
acquisition of the seven properties, a valuation was assigned to
in-place leases which are amortized over the average remaining
lease terms of the acquired leases (generally less than one
year). This contributed $0.2 million of additional
depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended
March 31, 2005. We expect depreciation and amortization in
2005 to increase significantly from 2004 primarily due to a full
years depreciation on the two owned off-campus properties
that opened in August 2004 and the acquisition of seven
properties during the first quarter of 2005.
Amortization of deferred financing costs increased
$0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005
compared with the same period in 2004 primarily due to debt
assumed or incurred in connection with the property acquisitions
closed during the first quarter of 2005 as well as additional
finance costs incurred in 2004 related to our revolving credit
facility obtained in connection with the IPO. These increases
were offset by a decrease in amortization related to two
mortgage loans that were paid off in connection with our IPO.
Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2005
decreased $0.5 million compared to the same period in 2004
primarily due to the retirement of two mortgage loans in
connection with the IPO. This was partially offset by
$0.5 million of additional interest expense from the debt
assumed or incurred in relation to the acquisition of the seven
properties in the first quarter 2005, as well as increased
interest expense in 2005 related to our revolving credit
facility. We anticipate that interest expense in 2005 will
increase from 2004 levels due to the debt assumed or incurred in
connection with our 2005 property acquisitions and to increases
in borrowing rates that may impact the floating rate on our
revolving credit facility.
Other income increased $0.4 million for the three months
ended March 31, 2005 compared with the same period in 2004
due to a gain recognized related to a property insurance
settlement.
Subsequent to our IPO formation transactions, our TRS manages
our non-REIT activities. The TRS is subject to federal, state
and local income taxes and is required to recognize the future
tax benefits attributable to deductible temporary differences
between book and tax basis, to the extent that the asset will be
realized. For the three months ended March 31, 2005, the
TRS recorded $0.1 million of income tax expense.
Unlike our Predecessor Entities, we are subject to federal,
state and local income taxes as a result of the services
provided by our TRS, which include our third party services
revenues, resident services revenues and the operations of our
on-campus participating properties. As a result, the income
earned by our TRS, unlike our Predecessor Entities and our
results from our owned off-campus properties, is subject to a
new level of taxation. The amount of income taxes to be
recognized in the future will be dependent on the operating
results of the TRS.
Minority interests during the three months ended March 31,
2004 represented a minority partners share of the net loss
of four owned off-campus properties. We redeemed this minority
partners interest in connection with our IPO. Minority
interests for the three months ended March 31, 2005
represented the
50
1.0% interest in the net equity of our Operating Partnership
held by recipients of PIUs. See Management Executive
Officer Compensation Profits Interest Units for a
description of PIUs.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS)
No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of
Long-Lived Assets, requires, among other items, that the
operating results of real estate properties sold or classified
as held for sale be included in discontinued operations in the
statements of operations for all periods presented. Discontinued
operations for the three months ended March 31, 2005
includes The Village at San Bernardino, which was sold to
Cal State University San Bernardino in January 2005.
The properties included in discontinued operations for the three
months ended March 31, 2004 include the Village at
Riverside and other non-core assets that were distributed to our
Predecessor Entities as part of the IPO as well as an on-campus
participating property whose ground lease was transferred to the
Weatherford College in April 2004.
Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2004 and
December 31, 2003
The results for the year ended December 31, 2004 presented
below represent the combined financial results of our
Predecessor Entities for the period from January 1, 2004 to
August 16, 2004, and our consolidated financial results for
the period from August 17, 2004 to December 31, 2004.
The presentation of results for the year ended December 31,
2004 below is not in accordance with GAAP and is presented only
for comparison purposes. The following table presents our
results of operations for the years ended
51
December 31, 2004 and 2003, including the amount (in
thousands) and percentage change in these results between the
two periods:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
Change ($) | |
|
Change (%) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned off-campus properties
|
|
$ |
35,115 |
|
|
$ |
31,514 |
|
|
$ |
3,601 |
|
|
|
11.4 |
% |
|
On-campus participating properties
|
|
|
17,418 |
|
|
|
16,482 |
|
|
|
936 |
|
|
|
5.7 |
% |
|
Third party development and management services
|
|
|
7,908 |
|
|
|
9,128 |
|
|
|
(1,220 |
) |
|
|
(13.4 |
)% |
|
Resident services
|
|
|
382 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
370 |
|
|
|
3,083.3 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
60,823 |
|
|
|
57,136 |
|
|
|
3,687 |
|
|
|
6.5 |
% |
Operating Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned off-campus properties
|
|
|
16,861 |
|
|
|
15,272 |
|
|
|
1,589 |
|
|
|
10.4 |
% |
|
On-campus participating properties
|
|
|
7,900 |
|
|
|
7,925 |
|
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
(0.3 |
)% |
|
Third party development and management services
|
|
|
5,543 |
|
|
|
5,389 |
|
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
% |
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
5,234 |
|
|
|
2,749 |
|
|
|
2,485 |
|
|
|
90.4 |
% |
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
9,973 |
|
|
|
8,868 |
|
|
|
1,105 |
|
|
|
12.5 |
% |
|
Ground/facility leases
|
|
|
812 |
|
|
|
489 |
|
|
|
323 |
|
|
|
66.1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
46,323 |
|
|
|
40,692 |
|
|
|
5,631 |
|
|
|
13.8 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income
|
|
|
14,500 |
|
|
|
16,444 |
|
|
|
(1,944 |
) |
|
|
(11.8 |
)% |
Nonoperating income and (expenses):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
15.5 |
% |
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(16,698 |
) |
|
|
(16,940 |
) |
|
|
242 |
|
|
|
(1.4 |
)% |
|
Amortization of deferred financing costs
|
|
|
(1,211 |
) |
|
|
(558 |
) |
|
|
(653 |
) |
|
|
117.0 |
% |
|
Other nonoperating income
|
|
|
927 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
927 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total nonoperating expenses
|
|
|
(16,900 |
) |
|
|
(17,427 |
) |
|
|
527 |
|
|
|
(3.0 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before income tax benefit, minority interests, and
discontinued operations
|
|
|
(2,400 |
) |
|
|
(983 |
) |
|
|
(1,417 |
) |
|
|
144.2 |
% |
Income tax benefit
|
|
|
728 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
728 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
Minority interests
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
525.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from continuing operations
|
|
|
(1,572 |
) |
|
|
(967 |
) |
|
|
(605 |
) |
|
|
62.6 |
% |
Discontinued operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income attributable to discontinued operations
|
|
|
272 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
265 |
|
|
|
3,785.7 |
% |
|
(Loss) gain from disposition of real estate
|
|
|
(39 |
) |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
(343.8 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total discontinued operations
|
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
210 |
|
|
|
913.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$ |
(1,339 |
) |
|
$ |
(944 |
) |
|
$ |
(395 |
) |
|
|
41.8 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned Off-Campus Properties Operations |
Revenues from our owned off-campus properties increased by
$3.6 million in 2004 as compared to 2003 primarily due to
the completion of construction and opening of two properties in
August 2004 and higher fourth quarter occupancy at a majority of
the same store properties operated during both years, as
described below. Operating expenses increased $1.6 million
in 2004 as compared to 2003 primarily due to the new property
operations described below. University Village at
San Bernardino, which also opened in August of 2004, was
sold in January 2005 and is therefore not reflected in operating
revenues and expenses but is included in discontinued operations
for the relevant periods.
New Property Operations. In August of 2004 we completed
construction of and opened a 406-bed property serving California
State University, Fresno and a 749-bed property serving Temple
University. These new properties contributed $3.2 million
of additional revenues and $1.3 million of additional
operating expenses during 2004 as compared with 2003.
52
Same Store Property Operations (Excluding New Property
Operations). We had nine properties containing
5,971 beds which were operating during both 2004 and 2003,
and which had weighted average occupancy rates during these
periods of 89.7% and 86.9%, respectively. These properties
produced revenues of $31.9 million and $31.5 million
during 2004 and 2003, respectively. This increase of
approximately $0.4 million or 1.3% was the result of the
improved Fall 2004 lease up and was offset by certain non-rental
revenues previously reflected as property revenues by the
Predecessor Entities, which are now reflected as resident
services revenues in our TRS. Revenues in 2005 will be dependent
on our ability to maintain our current leases in effect for the
2004/2005 academic year and our ability to obtain appropriate
rental rates and desired occupancy for the 2005/2006 academic
year at our various properties during our leasing period, which
typically begins in January and ends in August.
At these existing properties, operating expenses increased
$0.3 million or 2.0% in 2004 compared with 2003. This
increase was the result of increases in operating expenses such
as bad debt, maintenance, employee benefits, and taxes. These
increases were due to a combination of increases in inflation,
overall higher occupancy rates and decreased collection
prospects at certain properties. We anticipate that operating
expenses in 2005 will increase slightly as compared with 2004 as
a result of expected increases in utility costs, property taxes
and general inflation.
Revenues from our on-campus participating properties increased
$0.9 million in 2004 compared to 2003 primarily due to the
opening of 210 additional beds at the University College-Prairie
View A&M University property in August 2003, and an
increase in both average occupancy and rental rates for
properties which were operating during both 2004 and 2003.
Operating expenses for our on-campus participating properties
remained relatively constant in 2004 as compared to 2003. Coyote
Village, an on-campus participating property that commenced
operations in August 2003, had its ground lease transferred to
Weatherford College in April 2004; therefore, it is not
reflected in operating revenues and expenses but is included in
discontinued operations for the relevant periods.
New Property Operations. As discussed above, in August
2003 we opened a 210-bed phase of University College-Prairie
View A&M University. The opening of this on-campus property
contributed $0.8 million and $0.4 million of revenues
for 2004 and 2003, respectively, an increase of
$0.4 million. This property also contributed a
$0.3 million increase in operating expenses from
$0.1 million in 2003 to $0.4 million in 2004.
Same Store OCPP Operations (Excluding New Property
Operations). We had four properties containing 3,957 beds
which were operating during both 2004 and 2003, and which had
average occupancy rates during these periods of 82.9% and 78.9%
respectively. These properties produced revenues of
$16.6 million and $16.1 million during 2004 and 2003,
respectively.
Operating expenses for our same store OCPPs decreased to
$7.5 million in 2004 from $7.8 million in 2003, a
decrease of $0.3 million. This decrease is primarily due to
reduced utility rates and improved collection prospects. We
anticipate that operating expenses in 2005 will increase
slightly as compared with 2004 as a result of expected increases
in utility costs and general inflation.
Ground/facility lease expense increased by $0.3 million in
2004 compared with 2003. Ground/facility lease payments reflect
the Universities 50% share of the related facilities
cash flows, which have increased in 2004 as compared to 2003.
The increased cash flows primarily relate to improvements in
operations resulting from increased occupancy and rates as well
as reductions in turn costs and bad debt expense.
|
|
|
Third Party Development and Management Services |
Third party development and management services revenue
decreased $1.2 million from $9.1 million in 2003 to
$7.9 million in 2004.
Development Services. Third party development services
revenue for 2004 decreased $2.1 million compared to 2003.
This decrease was due to a combination of a lower average
contractual fee per project and the percentage of the
contractual fee recognized during the respective periods. We had
13 projects in
53
progress during 2004 with an average contractual fee of
$1.0 million, as compared to 2003 in which we had ten
projects in progress with an average contractual fee of
$1.2 million. In addition, due to differences in the
percentage of construction completed during the periods, of the
total contractual fees of the projects in progress during the
respective periods, 36.0% was recognized (on a percentage of
completion basis) during 2004 compared to 60.4% in 2003.
Development services revenues are dependent on our ability to
successfully be awarded such projects, the amount of the
contractual fee related to the project and the timing and
completion of the construction of the project. It is possible
that projects for which we have expended pre-development costs
will not close and that we will not be reimbursed for such
costs. The pre-development costs associated therewith will
ordinarily be charged against income for the then-current
period. Any such charge could have a material effect on our
results of operations in the period in which the charge is taken.
Third party development services revenue from on-campus
participating properties increased primarily due to the
recognition of $0.4 million of deferred development fees on
an on-campus participating property that was transferred to
Weatherford College in April 2004.
We continue to see a very active market for third party
development and construction management services with active
request for proposals, or RFP, process consistent with prior
years. The market has begun to expand, with colleges and
universities seeking new levels of service ranging from
long-range planning, predevelopment consulting, and campus
planning, to the more traditional historic full development and
construction management services. We pursue these projects based
on relative profitability, long-term relationship opportunities
and geographical asset growth synergies.
Management Services. Third party management revenues
increased by $0.9 million in 2004 compared with 2003. The
increase was due to five new contracts that commenced in Fall
2004 as well as a full year of fees from contracts that began in
Fall 2003. We expect third party property management revenues to
increase in 2005 from 2004, primarily as a result of the timing
of the new contracts that commenced in Fall 2004.
Concurrent with our commencement of operations and our
designation as a REIT, certain services previously provided to
residents by our Predecessor Entities are now provided by our
TRS. These services generally consist of food service and
housekeeping (at Callaway House), and certain resident
programming activities. These services are provided to the
residents at market rates and, under an agreement between our
TRS and our Operating Partnership, payments from residents at
the properties are collected on behalf of our TRS in conjunction
with their collection of rents. Revenue from resident services
for the year ended December 31, 2004 approximated
$0.4 million. As a business strategy, our level of services
provided to residents by the TRS is only incidental to that
which is necessary to maintain or increase occupancy. As a
result of the timing of the formation of the TRS in 2004, we
expect revenue from resident services in 2005 to be
significantly higher than in 2004.
|
|
|
General and Administrative |
General and administrative expenses (consisting primarily of
corporate expenses) of $5.2 million for 2004 included
$2.2 million of expenses related to the IPO and formation
transactions. Excluding these expenses, general and
administrative expenses increased $0.3 million in 2004
compared to 2003. The IPO and formation transactions consisted
of the recognition of compensation expense of $2.1 million
and $0.1 million in connection with the issuance of PIUs
and restricted stock units, respectively. The remaining increase
was primarily a result of expenses incurred as a public company
which were not present in the Predecessor Entities
operations such as directors compensation, investor
relations and director and officer liability insurance. As a
result of being a public company, we anticipate our future
general and administrative expenses will exceed those of our
Predecessor Entities.
54
|
|
|
Depreciation and Amortization |
Depreciation and amortization increased $1.1 million in
2004 compared to 2003. The increase was primarily due to
$0.8 million of additional depreciation and amortization
from the opening of the two owned off-campus properties in
August 2004 and the opening of the on-campus participating
property in August 2003, as described above. We expect
depreciation and amortization in 2005 to increase significantly
from 2004 primarily due to a full years depreciation on
the two owned off-campus properties opened in August 2004 and
the $120.2 million of announced 2005 acquisitions already
closed or pending closure. Amortization of deferred financing
costs increased $0.7 million in 2004 compared to 2003
primarily due to the write-off of $0.6 million of
unamortized deferred financing costs associated with the
repayment of debt in connection with the IPO.
Interest expense of $16.7 million for 2004 represented a
decrease of $0.2 million from $16.9 million in 2003.
Interest expense decreased due to the retirement of certain debt
in connection with the IPO, which was partially offset by loan
prepayment penalties incurred in connection with such debt
repayment and an increase in interest expense recognized on the
opening of the on-campus participating property in August 2003.
We anticipate that interest expense in 2005 will increase from
2004 levels due to interest expense on debt assumed or incurred
in connection with potential property acquisitions and to
increases in borrowing rates that may impact our floating rate
on our revolving credit facility, which would be slightly offset
by a reduction in interest expense due to the repayment of
$46.0 million in mortgage loans in connection with the IPO.
Other income increased $0.9 million in 2004 as compared
with 2003 primarily due to gains related to two property
insurance settlements.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS)
No. 144 Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal
of Long-Lived Assets requires, among other items, that
the operating results of real estate properties sold or
classified as held for sale be included in discontinued
operations in the statements of operations for all periods
presented. The properties included in discontinued operations
for the years ended December 31, 2004 and/or
December 31, 2003 include (i) the Village at Riverside
and other non-core assets that were distributed to our
Predecessor Entities as part of the IPO, (ii) an on-campus
participating property whose ground lease was transferred to the
Weatherford College in April 2004, and (iii) University
Village at San Bernardino, which was sold to California
State University San Bernardino in January 2005 and
is classified as Owned Off-Campus Property Held for Sale
as of December 31, 2004.
Please refer to Note 15 in the accompanying notes to
consolidated and combined financial statements contained
elsewhere in this prospectus summarizing the results of
operations of the properties sold, distributed, or classified as
held for sale during the years ended December 31, 2004 and
2003.
55
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2003 and
December 31, 2002
The following table presents our results of operations for the
years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, including the
amount (in thousands) and percentage change in these results
between the two periods:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
Change ($) | |
|
Change (%) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned off-campus properties
|
|
$ |
31,514 |
|
|
$ |
29,997 |
|
|
$ |
1,517 |
|
|
|
5.1 |
% |
|
On-campus participating properties
|
|
|
16,482 |
|
|
|
16,055 |
|
|
|
427 |
|
|
|
2.7 |
% |
|
Third party development and management services
|
|
|
9,128 |
|
|
|
6,019 |
|
|
|
3,109 |
|
|
|
51.7 |
% |
|
Resident services
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
(48 |
) |
|
|
(80.0 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
57,136 |
|
|
|
52,131 |
|
|
|
5,005 |
|
|
|
9.6 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned off-campus properties
|
|
|
15,272 |
|
|
|
14,856 |
|
|
|
416 |
|
|
|
2.8 |
% |
|
On-campus participating properties
|
|
|
7,925 |
|
|
|
8,101 |
|
|
|
(176 |
) |
|
|
(2.2 |
)% |
|
Third party development and management services
|
|
|
5,389 |
|
|
|
4,441 |
|
|
|
948 |
|
|
|
21.3 |
% |
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
2,749 |
|
|
|
1,995 |
|
|
|
754 |
|
|
|
37.8 |
% |
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
8,868 |
|
|
|
8,077 |
|
|
|
791 |
|
|
|
9.8 |
% |
|
Ground/facility leases
|
|
|
489 |
|
|
|
643 |
|
|
|
(154 |
) |
|
|
(24.0 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
40,692 |
|
|
|
38,113 |
|
|
|
2,579 |
|
|
|
6.8 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income
|
|
|
16,444 |
|
|
|
14,018 |
|
|
|
2,426 |
|
|
|
17.3 |
% |
Nonoperating income and (expenses):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
166 |
|
|
|
(95 |
) |
|
|
(57.2 |
)% |
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(16,940 |
) |
|
|
(16,421 |
) |
|
|
(519 |
) |
|
|
3.2 |
% |
|
Amortization of deferred financing costs
|
|
|
(558 |
) |
|
|
(546 |
) |
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
2.2 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total nonoperating expenses
|
|
|
(17,427 |
) |
|
|
(16,801 |
) |
|
|
(626 |
) |
|
|
3.7 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before minority interests and discontinued operations
|
|
|
(983 |
) |
|
|
(2,783 |
) |
|
|
1,800 |
|
|
|
(64.7 |
)% |
Minority interests
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
(14 |
) |
|
|
(46.7 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from continuing operations
|
|
|
(967 |
) |
|
|
(2,753 |
) |
|
|
1,786 |
|
|
|
(64.9 |
)% |
Discontinued operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income attributable to discontinued operations
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
319 |
|
|
|
(312 |
) |
|
|
(97.8 |
)% |
|
Gain from disposition of real estate
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
295 |
|
|
|
(279 |
) |
|
|
(94.6 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total discontinued operations
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
614 |
|
|
|
(591 |
) |
|
|
(96.3 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$ |
(944 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,139 |
) |
|
$ |
1,195 |
|
|
|
(55.9 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned Off-Campus Properties Operations |
Revenues from our owned off-campus properties increased in 2003
by $1.5 million as compared to 2002, primarily from a full
year of operations at a property we developed and opened in
2002, as discussed below.
New Property Operations. In August 2002, we completed
construction of a 309-bed property (University Village at
Boulder Creek) and opened the property at 100% occupancy for the
2002/2003 academic year. This property contributed revenues of
$2.6 million and operating expenses of $0.8 million in
2003, its first full calendar year of operations, an increase of
approximately $1.6 million and $0.5 million,
respectively, from its partial first year of operation in 2002.
Same Store Property Operations (Excluding New Property
Operations). We had eight properties containing 5,662 beds
in 2003 and 2002 which produced revenues of $28.9 million
and $29.0 million in those years, respectively. Our
weighted average occupancy of 86.4% for 2003 decreased slightly
from 86.7%
56
in 2002. The decrease in both revenue and occupancy from 2002 to
2003 was primarily due to a softening of the overall multifamily
submarket primarily impacting two properties.
At these existing properties, operating expenses remained
relatively constant and decreased by $0.1 million in 2003
as compared to 2002.
Revenues from our on-campus participating properties increased
$0.4 million in 2003 compared to 2002 primarily due to the
opening of 210 additional beds at the University
College PVAMU property in August 2003, as discussed below.
Coyote Village, formerly an on-campus participating property
that commenced operations in August 2003, had its ground leases
transferred to Weatherford College in April 2004; therefore, it
is not reflected in operating revenues and expenses but is
included in discontinued operations. In addition, Lamar, an
on-campus participating property that commenced operations in
August 2002, had its ground lease transferred to Lamar
University in December 2002; therefore, it is not reflected in
operating revenues and expenses but is included in discontinued
operations for the year ended December 31, 2003.
New Property Operations. In August 2003 we opened a
210-bed phase of University College-Prairie View A&M
University. The opening of this on-campus property contributed
$0.4 million of revenue and $0.1 million of operating
expenses in 2003.
Same Store OCPP Operations (Excluding New Property
Operations). We had four properties containing
3,957 beds which were operating during both 2003 and 2002,
and which had average occupancy rates during these periods of
78.9% and 78.7%, respectively. These properties produced
revenues of $16.1 million in both 2003 and 2002.
Operating expenses for our same store OCPP properties were
$7.8 million and $8.1 million in 2003 and 2002,
respectively, a decrease of $0.3 million. This decline was
the result of a reduction in insurance premiums and reductions
in expenses related to corporate management and oversight.
Ground/facility lease expense decreased by $0.2 million in
2003 compared with 2002. Ground/facility lease payments reflect
the Universities 50% share of the related facilities
cash flows, which decreased in 2003 as compared to 2002.
|
|
|
Third Party Development and Management Services |
Third party development and management services revenues
increased from $6.0 million in 2002 to $9.1 million in
2003, an increase of $3.1 million.
Development Services. Third party development services
revenues of $7.9 million in 2003 represented an increase of
$2.8 million from $5.1 million in 2002. This increase
resulted primarily from an increase in the number of development
projects in progress (twelve in 2003 compared to nine in 2002, a
33% increase). Incentive fees based on cost savings were
$0.2 million for 2002 and 2003.
Management Services. Third party property management
revenues of $1.2 million in 2003 represented an increase of
$0.2 million from $1.0 million in 2002. The increase
consisted of $0.2 million from a full year of fees from
contracts beginning in 2002 and an increase of $0.2 million
from five contracts that commenced in Fall 2003, offset, in
part, by the final amortization in 2002 of a deferred
cancellation fee in the amount of $0.2 million.
The increase in the volume of our third party service business
required us to correspondingly increase the resources and
related costs dedicated to the pursuit and delivery of third
party services. Consequently, our compensation and benefits,
insurance and pursuit costs increased by $1.0 million from
$4.4 million in 2002 to $5.4 million in 2003. In part,
these increased expenses reflect our increased staffing needs in
this area.
57
|
|
|
General and Administrative |
General and administrative expenses (consisting primarily of
corporate expenses) of $2.8 million in 2003 represented an
increase of $0.8 million from $2.0 million in 2002.
The increase was primarily a result of a severance accrual for
our Predecessor Entities former chief executive officer.
|
|
|
Depreciation and Amortization |
Depreciation and amortization of $8.9 million for 2003
represented an increase of $0.8 million due to a full
years depreciation of one owned off-campus property placed
in service during 2002 and depreciation of an on-campus
participating property placed in service in August 2003.
Amortization of deferred financing costs remained relatively
constant at $0.6 million for both 2003 and 2002.
Interest expense of $16.9 million in 2003 represented an
increase of $0.5 million from $16.4 million in 2002.
The increase consisted primarily of a full years interest
expense in 2003 relating to a developed property that opened in
Fall 2002 and a partial years interest expense on a
developed on-campus participating property that opened in Fall
2003, partially offset by a decrease in interest expense
resulting from principal payments.
SFAS No. 144 requires, among other items, that the
operating results of real estate properties sold or classified
as held for sale be included in discontinued operations in the
statements of operations for all periods presented. The
properties included in discontinued operations for the years
ended December 31, 2003 and/or December 31, 2002
include (i) the Village at Riverside and other non-core
assets that were distributed to our Predecessor Entities owners
as part of the IPO, (ii) an on-campus participating
property whose ground lease was transferred to the Weatherford
College in April 2004, and (iii) an on-campus participating
property whose ground lease was transferred to Lamar University
in December 2002.
Please refer to Note 15 to the accompanying notes to
consolidated and combined financial statements included
elsewhere in this prospectus for a table summarizing the results
of operations of the properties sold, distributed, or classified
as held for sale during the years ended December 31, 2003
and 2002.
Cash Flows
Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2005
and March 31, 2004
For the three months ended March 31, 2005, net cash
provided by operating activities before changes in working
capital accounts provided approximately $6.1 million, as
compared to $4.0 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2004, an increase of $2.1 million. This
increase was primarily due to an increase in net income of
approximately $6.7 million, resulting primarily from a gain
on disposition of approximately $5.9 million. Additionally,
operations for the three months ended March 31, 2005 were
impacted by a $1.1 million increase in depreciation and
amortization resulting from the seven new properties that we
acquired during the first quarter of 2005 as well as a full
quarter of depreciation from two owned off-campus properties
that completed construction in the third quarter 2004.
Changes in working capital accounts utilized approximately
$0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005
while approximately $1.2 million was provided by working
capital for the three months ended March 31, 2004, a
decrease of $1.6 million. This change was primarily due to
an increase in accrued expenses during the three months ended
March 31, 2004 related to our IPO and a decrease in
restricted cash during the same period that was used to fund the
rebuild of an off-campus property that was destroyed by a fire
in 2003. These items were offset by the release of restricted
cash to our
58
Predecessor Entities in the first quarter 2005 in relation to
the completion of three owned off-campus properties in the third
quarter 2004.
Investing activities utilized $58.9 million and
$19.2 million for the three months ended March 31,
2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase in 2005 related
primarily to the acquisition of the seven properties in the
first quarter of 2005. This increase was offset by proceeds
received from the sale of University Village at
San Bernardino in January 2005 as well as a decrease in
cash used to fund three owned off-campus development properties
that were completed in the third quarter 2004. For the three
months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, our cash used in
investing activities was comprised of the following (in
thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended | |
|
|
March 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Property acquisitions
|
|
$ |
(72,763 |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
Property dispositions
|
|
|
28,023 |
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures for on-campus participating properties
|
|
|
(28 |
) |
|
|
(124 |
) |
Capital expenditures for owned off-campus properties
|
|
|
(852 |
) |
|
|
(168 |
) |
Investments in on-campus participating properties under
development
|
|
|
(3,027 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Investment in owned off-campus properties under development
|
|
|
(10,120 |
) |
|
|
(18,866 |
) |
Purchase of corporate furniture, fixtures and equipment
|
|
|
(86 |
) |
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$ |
(58,853 |
) |
|
$ |
(19,213 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash provided by financing activities totaled $55.5 million
and $13.0 million for the three months ended March 31,
2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase was primarily due to
draws under our revolving credit facility in 2005 as well as a
bridge loan we obtained in connection with the March 2005
acquisition of Exchange at Gainesville (to be renamed). These
increases were offset by a decrease in proceeds from
construction loans due to the completion of three owned
off-campus development projects in the third quarter 2004, as
well as distributions paid to our stockholders in 2005 as a
result of our new public ownership structure.
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2004 and
December 31, 2003
For the year ended December 31, 2004, net cash provided by
operating activities before changes in working capital accounts
provided approximately $11.9 million, as compared to
$8.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, an
increase of $3.0 million. Despite a $0.4 million
increase in net loss from 2003 to 2004, operations for 2004 were
impacted by $3.4 million of non-cash expenses which
primarily consisted of compensation related to the issuance of
PIUs and restricted stock units in connection with our IPO and
increased depreciation and amortization primarily due to the
timing of various student housing property additions.
Changes in working capital accounts provided approximately
$5.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2004
while $2.0 million was utilized by working capital for the
year ended December 31, 2003, an increase of
$7.4 million. This change was primarily the result of a
receivable for insurance proceeds in 2003 related to a fire that
occurred at one of our owned off-campus properties under
development in Fresno, California the subsequent receipt and use
of those proceeds in 2004 to fund the related rebuild costs, as
well as higher payables associated with three development
projects under construction as of December 31, 2003.
59
Additionally, in connection with the pay down of three
construction loans as part of our IPO formation transactions,
certain restricted funds were released by the lender in the
third quarter 2004.
Investing activities used $63.6 million and
$33.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2004
and 2003, respectively. The increase in the cash used in
investing activities during the year ended December 31,
2004 related primarily to the use of cash to fund the
development costs at University Village at Fresno, University
Village at San Bernardino and University Village at TU
owned off-campus construction projects, which were completed in
Fall 2004. Additionally, in 2004, we purchased land and funded
development costs for University Village at Sweet Home and
commenced construction of a new on-campus facility (Cullen
Oaks Phase II), both of which are scheduled to be
completed in August 2005. For the years ended December 31,
2004 and 2003, our cash used in investing activities was
comprised of the following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Property dispositions/ transfers to University
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
(7,976 |
) |
Capital expenditures for on-campus participating properties
|
|
|
(1,045 |
) |
|
|
(406 |
) |
Capital expenditures for owned off-campus properties
|
|
|
(7,674 |
) |
|
|
(3,775 |
) |
Investments in on-campus participating properties under
development
|
|
|
(836 |
) |
|
|
(3,382 |
) |
Investments in owned off-campus properties under development
|
|
|
(53,446 |
) |
|
|
(18,002 |
) |
Purchase of corporate furniture, fixtures, and equipment
|
|
|
(620 |
) |
|
|
(197 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$ |
(63,621 |
) |
|
$ |
(33,738 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash provided by financing activities totaled $45.2 million
and $21.5 million for the years ended December 31,
2004 and 2003, respectively. In connection with our IPO and our
subsequent issuance of additional shares under the exercise of
the underwriters over-allotment option, we generated gross
proceeds of approximately $220.8 million. Approximately
$23.0 million of the gross proceeds were used for the
underwriters discount, offering costs and financing costs,
leaving us with net proceeds of approximately
$197.8 million. Approximately $85.9 million of our
gross proceeds were used to purchase the equity interests of our
Predecessor Entities. In addition, during 2004, we borrowed
approximately $41.2 million to fund the three development
projects described above. In connection with our IPO, we paid
off the then-outstanding loan balance (including approximately
$18.3 million of outstanding loan draws from 2003) using
approximately $59.5 million from our IPO proceeds. We also
used our IPO proceeds to pay off $46.0 million of mortgage
debt and the $1.7 million balance on our Predecessor
Entities line of credit. In connection with the IPO, we
also entered into a $75 million revolving credit facility,
of which $11.8 million was outstanding at December 31,
2004. Also, a $2.1 million partial-quarter distribution for
the third quarter 2004 was paid in November 2004.
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2003 and
December 31, 2002
Net cash provided by operating activities before changes in
working capital accounts totaled $8.9 million and
$6.8 million for 2003 and 2002, respectively, an increase
of $2.1 million. This increase resulted from a
corresponding decrease in net loss of $1.2 million and an
increase in depreciation and amortization of $0.8 million.
Changes in working capital accounts used $2.0 million in
2003 while $0.8 million was provided by changes in working
capital accounts in 2002, a decrease of $2.8 million. The
change is primarily due to an increase in restricted cash in
2003 related to the receipt of insurance proceeds from a
60
fire that occurred at one of our owned off-campus properties
under development in Fresno, California, as well as certain
restricted funds that were set aside as required under
construction loan agreements.
Net cash used in investing activities totaled $33.7 million
and $21.7 million for 2003 and 2002, respectively, an
increase of $12.0 million. The increase related to the
construction of two on-campus participating properties that
opened in 2003 and three owned off-campus owned properties under
construction during 2003 that opened in Fall 2004. For the years
ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, our cash used in
investing activities was comprised of the following (in
thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Property dispositions/ transfers to University
|
|
$ |
(7,976 |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
Capital expenditures for on-campus participating properties
|
|
|
(406 |
) |
|
|
(396 |
) |
Capital expenditures for owned off-campus properties
|
|
|
(3,775 |
) |
|
|
(2,024 |
) |
Investments in on-campus participating properties under
development
|
|
|
(3,382 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Investments in owned off-campus properties under development
|
|
|
(18,002 |
) |
|
|
(18,877 |
) |
Purchase of corporate furniture, fixtures, and equipment
|
|
|
(197 |
) |
|
|
(381 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$ |
(33,738 |
) |
|
$ |
(21,678 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities totaled
$21.5 million and $11.6 million for 2003 and 2002,
respectively, an increase of $9.9 million. This increase
was due primarily to borrowings and contributions to fund the
construction of two on-campus participating properties and three
owned off-campus owned properties under construction during
2003, offset by an increase in distributions to our Predecessor
Entities of $2.1 million.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
|
|
|
Cash Balances and Liquidity |
As of March 31, 2005, excluding our on-campus participating
properties, we had $6.7 million in cash and cash
equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments, as
compared to $7.0 million and $7.8 million in cash and
cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments as
of December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Restricted
cash primarily consists of escrow accounts held by lenders and
resident security deposits, as required by law in certain
states. Additionally, restricted cash as of December 31,
2004 also included $0.8 million of funds held in escrow
that were paid to the owners of our Predecessor Entities in
February 2005 in accordance with the terms of the Contribution
Agreement executed in conjunction with the IPO.
As of March 31, 2005, our short-term liquidity needs
included, but were not limited to, the following:
(i) anticipated distribution payments to our stockholders
and unitholders for 2005 totaling approximately
$17.2 million based on an anticipated annual distribution
of $1.35 per share or unit, including those required to
qualify as a REIT and satisfy our current distribution policy,
(ii) remaining development costs on our University Village
at Sweet Home development project, estimated to be approximately
$14.8 million, and (iii) funds for other potential
future development projects. We expect to meet our short-term
liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by
operations, borrowings under our revolving credit facility and
permanent property level debt.
We may seek additional funds to undertake initiatives not
contemplated by our business plan or obtain additional cushion
against possible shortfalls. We also may pursue additional
financing as opportunities arise. Future financings may include
a range of different sizes or types of financing, including the
sale of
61
additional debt or equity securities. While we believe we will
be able to obtain such funds, these funds may not be available
on favorable terms or at all. Our ability to obtain additional
financing depends on several factors, including future market
conditions, our success or lack of success in penetrating our
markets, our future creditworthiness and restrictions contained
in agreements with our investors or lenders, including the
restrictions contained in the agreements governing our revolving
credit facility. These financings could increase our level of
indebtedness or result in dilution to our equity holders.
|
|
|
Revolving Credit Facility |
Our Operating Partnership has a senior revolving credit facility
with a term of 36 months that provides a maximum capacity
of $100 million, subject to certain conditions as contained
in the credit agreement. The maximum capacity may be increased
by up to an additional $100 million, subject to certain
borrowing base requirements, as outlined in the credit
agreement. The facility bears interest at a variable rate, at
our option, based upon a base rate or one-, two-, three-, or
six-month LIBOR plus, in each case, a spread based upon our
total leverage. Additionally, we are required to pay an unused
commitment fee ranging from 0.20% to 0.25% per annum,
depending on the aggregate unused balance. We guarantee the
Operating Partnerships obligations under the credit
facility. As of March 31, 2005, the balance outstanding on
the revolving credit facility totaled $33.6 million,
bearing interest at a weighted average rate of 4.31% per
annum, with remaining availability on our then existing
revolving credit facility totaling $31.5 million, subject
to certain financial covenants. As of June 28, 2005, the
balance outstanding on the revolving credit facility totaled
$50.2 million. We subsequently amended our revolving credit
facility.
The terms of the credit facility include certain restrictions
and covenants that limit, among other things, the payment of
distributions, the incurrence of additional indebtedness, liens
and the disposition of assets. The terms also require compliance
with financial ratios relating to consolidated net worth and
leverage requirements. We are also subject to compliance with
additional fixed charge and debt coverage ratios. As of
March 31, 2005, we were in compliance with all such
covenants. Before June 30, 2006, we may not pay
distributions that exceed 100% of our funds from operations for
any four consecutive quarters. After June 30, 2006, we may
not pay distributions that exceed 95% of our funds from
operations for any four consecutive quarters.
We are required to distribute 90% of our REIT taxable income
(excluding capital gains) on an annual basis in order to qualify
as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, we
intend to make, but are not contractually bound to make, regular
quarterly distributions to common stockholders and PIU holders.
All such distributions are at the discretion of our board of
directors. We may be required to use borrowings under the credit
facility, if necessary and to the extent permitted thereunder,
to meet REIT distribution requirements and qualify as a REIT.
The board of directors considers market factors and our
performance in addition to REIT requirements in determining
distribution levels.
On May 11, 2005, we declared a distribution per share of
common stock of $0.3375, which was paid on May 31, 2005 to
all common stockholders of record as of May 19, 2005. At
the same time, we paid an equivalent amount per unit to holders
of PIUs and restricted stock awards.
|
|
|
Distributions to Owners of the Predecessor Entities |
An entity newly formed by the owners of our Predecessor Entities
was entitled to any savings in the budgeted completion cost of
three of our owned off-campus construction properties that were
completed in Fall 2004. Accordingly, in February 2005, we
distributed approximately $0.4 million of designated
unspent funds to an entity affiliated with the owners of our
Predecessor Entities and accounted for the payment as an equity
distribution. The $0.8 million in escrowed funds described
above were also released to an entity affiliated with the owners
of our Predecessor Entities. We do not have any ownership
interest in either such entity and neither entity has any
ownership interest in us.
62
Additionally, upon completion of construction at University
Village at TU, which occurred Fall 2004, the owners of our
Predecessor Entities received $0.5 million relating to a
construction guarantee fee, which was paid from the remaining
construction budget. In November 2004, the owners of our
Predecessor Entities also received $0.9 million relating to
insurance proceeds we received in connection with the fire that
occurred at the University Village at Fresno. These payments
were also accounted for as equity distributions. Subsequent to
December 31, 2004, other than the completion funds
described above, the only payments that the owners of our
Predecessor Entities are entitled to relate to potential
additional insurance proceeds received in connection with the
fire at the University Village at Fresno.
|
|
|
Recurring Capital Expenditures |
Our properties require periodic investments of capital for
general capital expenditures and improvements. Our policy is to
capitalize costs related to the acquisition, development,
rehabilitation, construction and improvement of properties,
including interest and certain internal personnel costs related
to the communities under rehabilitation and construction.
Capital improvements are costs that increase the value and
extend the useful life of an asset. Ordinary repair and
maintenance costs that do not extend the useful life of the
asset are expensed as incurred. Recurring capital expenditures
represent non-incremental building improvements required to
maintain current revenues and typically include: appliances,
carpeting and flooring, HVAC equipment, kitchen/bath cabinets,
new roofs, site improvements and various exterior building
improvements. Non-recurring capital expenditures include
expenditures that were taken into consideration when
underwriting the purchase of a property which were considered
necessary to bring the property up to operating
standard, and incremental improvements that include, among
other items, community centers, new windows and kitchen/bath
apartment upgrades. Additionally, we are required by certain of
our lenders to contribute amounts to reserves for capital
repairs and improvements at their mortgaged properties. These
annual contributions may exceed the amount of capital
expenditures actually incurred in such year at such properties.
|
|
|
Pre-Development Expenditures |
Our third party development activities have historically
required us to fund pre-development expenditures such as
architectural fees, permits and deposits. Because the closing of
a development projects financing is often subject to third
party delay, we cannot always predict accurately the liquidity
needs of these activities. We frequently incur these
predevelopment expenditures before a financing commitment has
been obtained and, accordingly, bear the risk of the loss of
these predevelopment expenditures if financing cannot ultimately
be arranged on acceptable terms. Historically, the development
projects that we have been awarded have been successfully
structured and financed; however, their development has at times
been delayed beyond the period initially scheduled, causing
revenue to be recognized in later periods.
As of March 31, 2005, we had approximately
$309.4 million of outstanding consolidated indebtedness
(excluding unamortized debt premiums of approximately
$5.0 million), comprised of a $33.6 million balance on
our revolving credit facility (which, prior to the subsequent
amendment of the credit facility, was secured by four of our
owned off-campus properties), $196.1 million in mortgage
and bridge loan indebtedness secured by 13 of our owned
off-campus properties, $20.0 million in mortgage and
construction loans secured by two on-campus participating
properties and $59.7 million in bond issuances secured by
three of our on-campus participating properties. The weighted
average interest rate on our consolidated indebtedness as of
March 31, 2005 was 6.6% per annum. All of our
outstanding indebtedness is fixed rate except for our revolving
credit facility and the Cullen Oaks Phase II construction
loan discussed below. As of March 31, 2005, approximately
11.9% of our total consolidated indebtedness was variable rate
debt.
63
Owned Off-Campus Properties. The following table contains
certain summary information concerning the mortgage and bridge
loan indebtedness that encumbers our owned off-campus
properties, excluding unamortized debt premiums, as of
March 31, 2005:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Per Annum | |
|
|
|
(in thousands) | |
|
|
|
|
Interest | |
|
|
|
Balance as of | |
Properties |
|
Original Date |
|
Rate | |
|
Maturity Date | |
|
March 31, 2005 | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
University Village at Boulder Creek
|
|
12/01/2002 |
|
|
5.71% |
|
|
|
Nov 2012 |
|
|
$ |
16,479 |
|
River Club Apartments
|
|
07/28/2000 |
|
|
8.18% |
|
|
|
Aug 2010 |
|
|
|
18,482 |
|
River Walk Townhomes
|
|
08/31/1999 |
|
|
8.00% |
|
|
|
Sep 2009 |
|
|
|
7,660 |
|
Village at Alafaya Club
|
|
07/11/2000 |
|
|
8.16% |
|
|
|
Aug 2010(1) |
|
|
|
20,418 |
|
Village at Blacksburg
|
|
12/15/2000 |
|
|
7.50% |
|
|
|
Jan 2011 |
|
|
|
21,287 |
|
Commons on Apache
|
|
05/14/1999 |
|
|
7.66% |
|
|
|
Jun 2009 |
|
|
|
7,635 |
|
Callaway House
|
|
03/30/2001 |
|
|
7.10% |
|
|
|
Apr 2011 |
|
|
|
19,661 |
|
University Club Tallahassee
|
|
11/01/2002 |
|
|
7.99% |
|
|
|
Oct 2010 |
|
|
|
13,537 |
|
The Grove at University Club
|
|
04/01/2003 |
|
|
5.75% |
|
|
|
Mar 2013 |
|
|
|
4,389 |
|
College Club Tallahassee
|
|
01/01/2003 |
|
|
6.74% |
|
|
|
Dec 2011 |
|
|
|
8,885 |
|
University Club Gainesville
|
|
11/01/1999 |
|
|
7.88% |
|
|
|
Nov 2009 |
|
|
|
8,518 |
|
City Parc at Fry Street
|
|
10/05/2004 |
|
|
5.96% |
|
|
|
Sep 2014 |
|
|
|
11,776 |
|
Exchange at Gainesville (to be renamed)
|
|
03/29/2005 |
|
|
5.13% |
|
|
|
Sep 2005(2) |
|
|
|
37,400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
196,127 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Represents the Anticipated Repayment Date, as defined in the
loan agreement. If the loan is not repaid on the Anticipated
Repayment Date, then certain monthly payments, including excess
cash flow, as defined, become due during the remaining term of
the loan until the maturity date of August 2030. |
|
(2) |
This bridge loan was refinanced in May 2005 by entering into a
permanent mortgage loan in the amount of $38.8 million at a
fixed rate of 5.2% per annum. |
The weighted average interest rate of such indebtedness was
6.9% per annum as of March 31, 2005. Each of these
mortgages is a non-recourse obligation subject to customary
exceptions and has a 30 year amortization schedule. None of
the indebtedness is cross-defaulted or cross-collateralized to
any other indebtedness. The loans generally may not be prepaid
prior to maturity; in certain cases, prepayment is allowed,
subject to prepayment penalties.
On-Campus Participating Properties. Three of our
on-campus participating properties are 100% financed with
project-based taxable bonds, as listed below. Under the terms of
these financings, one of our special purpose subsidiaries
publicly issued three series of taxable bonds and loaned the
proceeds to three special purpose subsidiaries that each hold a
separate leasehold interest. Although a default in payment by
these special purpose subsidiaries could result in a default
under one or more series of bonds, the indebtedness of any of
these special purpose subsidiaries is not cross-defaulted or
cross-collateralized with our indebtedness or the indebtedness
of our Operating Partnership or other special purpose
subsidiaries. Repayment of principal and interest on these bonds
is insured by MBIA, Inc. The loans encumbering the leasehold
interests are non-recourse, subject to customary exceptions.
64
The following table sets forth certain information concerning
these bond financings:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in thousands) | |
|
|
Original |
|
Original |
|
Maturity |
|
Balance as of | |
Properties |
|
Date |
|
Term |
|
Date |
|
March 31, 2005 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
University Village-PVAMU(1)
|
|
Sep 1999 |
|
24 years |
|
Sep 2023 |
|
$ |
30,851 |
|
University Village-TAMIU(1)
|
|
Sep 1999 |
|
24 years |
|
Sep 2023 |
|
|
4,719 |
|
University College-PVAMU
(Phase I)(2)
|
|
May 2001 |
|
22 years |
|
Aug 2025 |
|
|
19,855 |
|
University College-PVAMU
(Phase II)(2)
|
|
Jul 2003 |
|
25 years |
|
Aug 2028 |
|
|
4,230 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
59,655 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Part of combined bond issuance. Separate loan agreements are not
cross-collateralized or cross-defaulted. |
|
(2) |
Two financings of the University College-PVAMU facility. The two
phases of this property were placed in service in 2000 and 2003. |
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations (in
thousands) as of December 31, 2004:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total | |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
2007 | |
|
2008 | |
|
2009 | |
|
Thereafter | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Long-term debt(1)
|
|
$ |
345,771 |
|
|
$ |
30,368 |
|
|
$ |
17,795 |
|
|
$ |
28,867 |
|
|
$ |
32,626 |
|
|
$ |
29,362 |
|
|
$ |
206,753 |
|
Operating leases(2)
|
|
|
9,810 |
|
|
|
527 |
|
|
|
509 |
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
478 |
|
|
|
480 |
|
|
|
7,334 |
|
Capital leases
|
|
|
715 |
|
|
|
275 |
|
|
|
182 |
|
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
|
|
Owned off-campus development project(3)
|
|
|
24,977 |
|
|
|
24,977 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Severance agreement
|
|
|
625 |
|
|
|
455 |
|
|
|
170 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
381,898 |
|
|
$ |
56,602 |
|
|
$ |
18,656 |
|
|
$ |
29,484 |
|
|
$ |
33,199 |
|
|
$ |
29,870 |
|
|
$ |
214,087 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Long-term debt obligations reflect the payment of both principal
and interest. For long-term obligations with a variable interest
rate, the rate in effect at December 31, 2004 was assumed
to remain constant over all periods presented. |
|
(2) |
Includes minimum annual lease payments of $0.1 million
required through 2079 under the ground lease for University
Village at TU. |
|
(3) |
Consists of the completion costs related to University Village
at Sweet Home, which is scheduled to be completed in August
2005. We have entered into a contract with a general contractor
for certain phases of the construction of this project. However,
this contract does not generally cover all of the costs that are
necessary to place the property into service, including the cost
of furniture and marketing and leasing costs. The unfunded
commitments presented include all such costs, not only those
costs that we are obligated to fund under the construction
contract. This amount does not include completion costs related
to Cullen Oaks Phase II, which is funded through the
construction loan described above. |
Off Balance Sheet Items
We do not have any off-balance sheet items.
Funds from Operations
As defined by NAREIT, FFO represents income (loss) before
allocation to minority interests (computed in accordance with
GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of property, plus
real estate related
65
depreciation and amortization (excluding amortization of loan
origination costs) and after adjustments for unconsolidated
partnerships and joint ventures. We present FFO because we
consider it an important supplemental measure of our operating
performance and believe it is frequently used by securities
analysts, investors and other interested parties in the
evaluation of REITs, many of which present FFO when reporting
their results. FFO is intended to exclude GAAP historical cost
depreciation and amortization of real estate and related assets,
which assumes that the value of real estate diminishes ratably
over time. Historically, however, real estate values have risen
or fallen with market conditions. Because FFO excludes
depreciation and amortization unique to real estate, gains and
losses from property dispositions and extraordinary items, it
provides a performance measure that, when compared year over
year, reflects the impact to operations from trends in occupancy
rates, rental rates, operating costs, development activities and
interest costs, providing perspective not immediately apparent
from net income.
We compute FFO in accordance with standards established by the
Board of Governors of NAREIT in its March 1995 White Paper (as
amended in November 1999 and April 2002), which may differ from
the methodology for calculating FFO utilized by other equity
REITs and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other
REITs. Further, FFO does not represent amounts available for
managements discretionary use because of needed capital
replacement or expansion, debt service obligations or other
commitments and uncertainties. FFO should not be considered as
an alternative to net income (loss) (computed in accordance with
GAAP) as an indicator of our financial performance or to cash
flow from operating activities (computed in accordance with
GAAP) as an indicator of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of
funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to
pay distributions.
The following table presents a reconciliation of our historical
FFO to our net income (loss) (in thousands, except share and per
share information):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended | |
|
|
March 31, | |
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
Period from | |
|
Period from | |
|
| |
|
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
8/17/04 to 12/31/04 | |
|
1/1/04 to 8/16/04 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Net income (loss)
|
|
$ |
8,192 |
|
|
$ |
1,530 |
|
|
$ |
1,802 |
|
|
$ |
(3,141 |
) |
|
$ |
(944 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,139 |
) |
Minority interests
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
(21 |
) |
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
(129 |
) |
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
(30 |
) |
(Gain) loss from dispositions of real estate
|
|
|
(5,883 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
(295 |
) |
Real estate related depreciation and amortization:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
3,424 |
|
|
|
2,259 |
|
|
|
4,158 |
|
|
|
5,815 |
|
|
|
8,868 |
|
|
|
8,077 |
|
|
Discontinued operations depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
152 |
|
|
|
219 |
|
|
|
346 |
|
|
|
334 |
|
|
Furniture, fixtures and equipment depreciation
|
|
|
(98 |
) |
|
|
(69 |
) |
|
|
(154 |
) |
|
|
(181 |
) |
|
|
(277 |
) |
|
|
(178 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Funds from operations (FFO)
|
|
$ |
5,722 |
|
|
$ |
3,786 |
|
|
$ |
5,987 |
|
|
$ |
2,622 |
|
|
$ |
7,961 |
|
|
$ |
5,769 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFO per share basic
|
|
$ |
0.45 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFO per share diluted
|
|
$ |
0.45 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.47 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
12,622,145 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,513,130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
12,769,939 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,634,130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Our FFO for the year ended December 31, 2004 was impacted
by a series of charges totaling approximately $2.6 million
related to our recent IPO and related formation transactions.
The primary components of the charges include: (i) PIU
grants of approximately $2.1 million, (ii) restricted
stock unit grants of $0.1 million, and (iii) the
write-off of loan origination costs and exit fees associated
with the repayment of indebtedness of approximately
$1.2 million. These items were partially offset by the
recognition of a deferred tax asset associated with a step up in
the tax basis of the on-campus participating properties owned by
our TRS, resulting in an income tax benefit of $0.8 million.
66
While our on-campus participating properties contributed
$17.4 million, $16.5 million and $16.1 million to
our revenues for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003
and 2002, and $5.5 million and $5.3 million to our
revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and
2004, respectively, under our participating ground leases, we
and the participating university systems each receive 50% of the
properties net cash available for distribution after
payment of operating expenses, debt service (which includes
significant amounts towards repayment of principal) and capital
expenditures. A substantial portion of our revenues attributable
to these properties is reflective of cash that is required to be
used for capital expenditures and for the amortization of
applicable property indebtedness. These amounts do not increase
our economic interest in these properties or otherwise benefit
us since our interest in the properties terminates upon the
repayment of the applicable property indebtedness.
As noted above, FFO excludes GAAP historical cost depreciation
and amortization of real estate and related assets because these
GAAP items assume that the value of real estate diminishes over
time. However, unlike the ownership of our owned off-campus
properties, the unique features of our ownership interest in our
on-campus participating properties cause the value of these
properties to diminish over time. For example, since the
ground/facility leases under which we operate the participating
properties require the reinvestment from operations of specified
amounts for capital expenditures and for the repayment of debt
while our interest in these properties terminates upon the
repayment of the debt, such capital expenditures do not increase
the value of the property to us and mortgage debt amortization
only increases the equity of the ground lessor. Accordingly,
when considering our FFO, we believe it is also a meaningful
measure of our performance to modify FFO to exclude the
operations of our on-campus participating properties and to
consider their impact on performance by including only that
portion of our revenues from those properties that are
reflective of our share of net cash flow and the management fees
that we receive, both of which increase and decrease with the
operating measure of the properties, a measure referred to
herein as FFOM, as set forth below (in thousands, except share
and per share information).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended | |
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended | |
|
|
March 31, | |
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
Period from | |
|
Period from | |
|
| |
|
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
8/17/04 to 12/31/04 | |
|
1/1/04 to 8/16/04 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Funds from operations
|
|
$ |
5,722 |
|
|
$ |
3,786 |
|
|
$ |
5,987 |
|
|
$ |
2,622 |
|
|
$ |
7,961 |
|
|
$ |
5,769 |
|
Elimination of operations of on-campus participating properties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (income) loss from on-campus participating properties
|
|
|
(1,310 |
) |
|
|
(1,285 |
) |
|
|
(1,023 |
) |
|
|
753 |
|
|
|
(187 |
) |
|
|
(197 |
) |
|
Amortization of investment in on-campus participating properties
|
|
|
(879 |
) |
|
|
(854 |
) |
|
|
(1,309 |
) |
|
|
(2,222 |
) |
|
|
(3,270 |
) |
|
|
(3,158 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,533 |
|
|
|
1,647 |
|
|
|
3,655 |
|
|
|
1,153 |
|
|
|
4,504 |
|
|
|
2,414 |
|
Modifications to reflect operational performance of on-campus
participating properties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Our share of net cash flow(1)
|
|
|
212 |
|
|
|
175 |
|
|
|
214 |
|
|
|
583 |
|
|
|
471 |
|
|
|
651 |
|
|
Management fees
|
|
|
263 |
|
|
|
273 |
|
|
|
371 |
|
|
|
489 |
|
|
|
809 |
|
|
|
796 |
|
|
On-campus participating properties development fees(2)
|
|
|
230 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impact of on-campus participating properties
|
|
|
705 |
|
|
|
448 |
|
|
|
600 |
|
|
|
1,072 |
|
|
|
1,280 |
|
|
|
1,447 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Funds from operations-modified for operational performance of
on-campus participating properties (FFOM)
|
|
$ |
4,238 |
|
|
$ |
2,095 |
|
|
$ |
4,255 |
|
|
$ |
2,225 |
|
|
$ |
5,784 |
|
|
$ |
3,861 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFOM per share basic
|
|
$ |
0.34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFOM per share diluted
|
|
$ |
0.33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
12,622,145 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,513,130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
12,769,939 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,634,130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
67
|
|
(1) |
50% of the properties net cash available for distribution
after payment of operating expenses, debt service (including
repayment of principal) and capital expenditures. Amounts
represent actual cash received for the year-to-date periods and
amounts accrued for the interim periods. As a result of using
accrual-based results in interim periods and cash-based results
for year-to-date periods, the sum of reported interim results
may not agree to annual cash received. |
|
(2) |
Development and construction management fees related to the
Cullen Oaks Phase II on-campus participating property. |
This narrower measure of performance measures our profitability
for these properties in a manner that is similar to the measure
of our profitability from our services business where we
similarly incur no initial or ongoing capital investment in a
property and derive only consequential benefits from capital
expenditures and debt amortization. We believe, however, that
this narrower measure of performance is inappropriate in
traditional real estate ownership structures where debt
amortization and capital expenditures enhance the property
owners long-term profitability from its investment.
Our FFOM may have limitations as an analytical tool because it
reflects the unique contractual calculation of net cash flow
from our on-campus participating properties, which is different
from that of our off-campus owned properties. Additionally, FFOM
reflects features of our ownership interests in our on-campus
participating properties that are unique to us. Companies that
are considered to be in our industry may not have similar
ownership structures; therefore, those companies may not
calculate FFOM in the same manner that we do, or at all,
limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure. We compensate
for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP and FFO
results and using our FFOM only supplementally.
Inflation
Our leases do not typically provide for rent escalations.
However, they typically do not have terms that extend beyond
12 months. Accordingly, although on a short term basis we
would be required to bear the impact of rising costs resulting
from inflation, we have the opportunity to raise rental rates at
least annually to offset such rising costs. However, a weak
economic environment or declining student enrollment at our
principal universities may limit our ability to raise rental
rates.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
Our future income, cash flows and fair values relevant to
financial instruments are dependent upon prevailing market
interest rates. Market risk refers to the risk of loss from
adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. The fair
value of our fixed rate debt is impacted by changes in interest
rates, as an example, a 1% increase in interest rates
(100 basis points) would cause a $13.7 million and
$16.3 million decline in the fair value of our fixed rate
debt as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Conversely, a 1% decrease in interest rates would cause a
$15.9 million and $18.9 million increase in the fair
value of our fixed rate debt as of December 31, 2004 and
2003, respectively. Due to the structure of our floating rate
debt and interest rate protection instruments, the impact of a
1% increase or decrease in interest rates on our cash flows
would not be significant at December 31, 2004 or 2003.
All of our outstanding indebtedness is fixed rate except for our
revolving credit facility and the Cullen Oaks Phase II
construction loan. Our revolving credit facility had an
outstanding balance of $33.6 million at March 31, 2005
and bears interest at the lenders Prime rate or LIBOR
plus, in each case, a spread based on our total leverage. The
Cullen Oaks Phase II construction loan had an outstanding
balance of $3.1 million at March 31, 2005 and bears
interest at the lenders Prime rate or LIBOR plus 2.0%, at
our election. We have in place an interest rate swap agreement,
designated as a cash flow hedge, which effectively fixes the
interest rate on the outstanding balance of the Cullen Oaks
Phase I mortgage loan at 5.5% per annum through
maturity in 2008. We anticipate incurring additional variable
rate indebtedness in the future, including draws under our
revolving credit facility. We may in the future use derivative
financial instruments to manage, or hedge, interest rate risks
related to such variable rate borrowings. We do not, and do not
expect to, use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes,
and we expect to enter into contracts only with major financial
institutions.
68
OUR BUSINESS AND PROPERTIES
Our Company
We are one of the largest owners, managers and developers of
high quality student housing properties in the United States in
terms of beds owned, managed and developed. As of March 31,
2005, we owned and/or managed 43 student communities
consisting of approximately 26,900 beds in approximately
9,700 units. We are a fully integrated, self-managed and
self-administered equity REIT with expertise in the acquisition,
design, financing, development, construction management, leasing
and management of student housing properties.
As of March 31, 2005, our owned property portfolio
consisted of 24 high-quality student housing properties,
containing 15,600 beds in approximately 5,200 units.
We acquired 16 of these properties and developed the remaining
eight properties. We manage all 24 of our owned properties.
Nineteen of our 24 owned properties are located off-campus
in close proximity to 22 colleges and universities in nine
states, and five of these properties are located on-campus,
where we manage and participate in their ownership and
management through ground/facility leases with two university
systems. We refer to these five on-campus properties as our
on-campus participating properties. Our owned property portfolio
contains modern housing units, offers resort-style amenities and
is supported by a classic resident assistant system and other
student-oriented programming.
We are also one of the nations leaders in providing third
party services to colleges and universities for the management
and development of on-campus student housing. We manage 19
properties on a third party basis primarily for colleges,
universities and financial institutions. These third party
managed properties contain approximately 11,300 beds in
approximately 4,500 units. In addition, since 1996, we have
been awarded more than 30 on-campus development projects,
resulting in strong relationships with some of the nations
preeminent university systems.
We have driven innovation in the student housing industry,
establishing our company as a premier owner, manager and
developer in the sector. In 2004, we became the first publicly
traded REIT focused solely on student housing properties. Today,
operating as a fully integrated, self-managed and
self-administered equity REIT, our unique and singular focus has
not changed: Student housing is our core business.
Recent Activities
Since our IPO in August of 2004, we have had substantial growth
activities.
We have acquired seven properties totaling 3,118 beds in
978 units for an aggregate purchase price of approximately
$120.2 million. In connection with these acquisitions, we
assumed approximately $47.2 million of mortgage debt. Each
of these acquisitions is described below.
In March 2005, we acquired an off-campus student housing
property (Exchange at Gainesville, to be renamed) consisting of
1,044 beds in 396 units, near the University of
Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida, for a purchase price of
$47.5 million. We entered into a fixed-rate mortgage loan
in the amount of $38.8 million in connection with this
acquisition.
In March 2005, we acquired an off-campus student housing
property (City Parc at Fry Street) consisting of 418 beds
in 136 units, located near the University of North Texas in
Denton, Texas, for a purchase price of $19.2 million. We
assumed approximately $11.8 million of fixed-rate mortgage
debt in connection with this acquisition.
In February 2005, we acquired a portfolio of five off-campus
student housing properties (the Proctor Portfolio)
for a purchase price of approximately $53.5 million. Four
of the properties are located in Tallahassee, Florida and one
property is located in Gainesville, Florida. These five
communities contained
69
1,656 beds in 446 units. We assumed approximately
$35.4 million of fixed-rate mortgage debt in connection
with this acquisition.
|
|
|
Owned Development Activities |
With the commencement of the 2004/2005 academic year in late
August and early September, we completed the development of
three owned off-campus student housing properties at Temple
University, Cal State Fresno and Cal State San Bernardino.
These properties were placed into service with an opening
occupancy of 98%. Collectively they contained 1,635 beds in
457 units. On January 5, 2005, we sold the Cal State
San Bernardino community to the University upon exercise of
its purchase option for $28.3 million and recognized a gain
on sale of $5.9 million.
We are currently in the process of constructing one owned
off-campus property and are in pre-development of two additional
off-campus owned properties. We are also currently constructing
one owned on-campus participating property. We anticipate that
the total development cost relating to these activities will be
approximately $150.3 million. As of March 31, 2005, we
have incurred pre-development and development costs of
approximately $26.1 million in connection with these
properties, with the remaining development costs estimated at
$124.2 million. The activities are described below:
We acquired a land parcel near the State University of New
York Buffalo and commenced development of an owned
off-campus property containing 828 beds in 269 units. Total
development cost is estimated to be $36.1 million. This
property is currently in the final stages of construction and is
pre-leased to 100% occupancy for its upcoming opening in August
2005. As of March 31, 2005, the project was approximately
68% complete, and we anticipate incurring remaining development
costs of approximately $14.8 million.
We are in the later stages of design and pre-development on two
owned off-campus properties with total anticipated development
costs of approximately $97.2 million. One project is
located in Newark, New Jersey near the campuses of the New
Jersey Institute of Technology, Rutgers University and Essex
County Community College. We anticipate development costs of
this property to total approximately $62.3 million and plan
to own this property through a joint venture that we will
control with Titan Investments, a partner with whom we have
previously developed four off-campus student housing properties.
As of March 31, 2005, we have incurred approximately
$0.5 million of pre-development costs related to this
project. The second property is located in close proximity to
Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas, and we
estimate the total development costs of this property to be
approximately $34.9 million. Both developments are
currently progressing through their respective entitlement and
municipal approval processes and are contingent upon receiving
all necessary approvals. Depending upon the timeliness of these
approvals, we plan to commence construction in Summer of 2005
for an August 2006 completion or to commence construction in
Summer of 2006 for an August 2007 completion.
Our Cullen Oaks Phase II on-campus participating property,
located on the campus of the University of Houston, is currently
under construction with total development costs estimated to be
$17.0 million. The project is scheduled to be completed in
August 2005 in connection with the 2005/2006 academic year. As
of March 31, 2005, the project was approximately 23%
complete, and we anticipate incurring remaining development
costs of approximately $12.7 million.
|
|
|
Senior Management Restructuring |
On April 28, 2005 we announced the following restructuring
of our senior management:
|
|
|
|
|
James C. Hopke, Jr. rejoined our Company and was appointed
as Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer; |
|
|
|
Brian B. Nickel, our former Executive Vice President, Chief
Investment Officer and Secretary, was appointed as Executive
Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary; |
|
|
|
Jonathan Graf, our former Vice President and Controller, was
promoted to Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and
Treasurer; |
70
|
|
|
|
|
Greg A. Dowell, our former Senior Vice President and Chief of
Operations, was promoted to Executive Vice President and Chief
of Operations; and |
|
|
|
Kim K. Voss, our former Assistant Controller, was promoted to
Vice President and Controller. |
In April 2005, Ronnie Macejewski resigned as Senior Vice
President Development and Construction and in May 2005,
Mark J. Hager resigned as Executive Vice President, Chief
Financial and Accounting Officer and Treasurer.
Industry Outlook
We believe there will be a surge in college enrollment in the
United States, fueling demand for student housing, and that
markets in which we currently operate will experience among the
largest increases in enrollment, largely as a result of
favorable demographic trends. The major catalyst for enrollment
increases and subsequently student housing demand in the coming
decade will be the growth in the college-aged population
represented by the Echo Boom and the increase in the
percentage of graduating high school students attending college.
The Echo Boom generation are the children of the
Baby Boomers who represent a demographic group as large as the
Baby Boom generation that was born between 1946 and 1964. While
the Baby Boom generation is nearing retirement, much of the Echo
Boom generation, which was born between 1977 and 1997, is
entering or has yet to enter adulthood. In 2003,
4.0 million Americans turned 18; by 2010, that number will
peak at 4.4 million and remain above 4.0 million
annually through 2020.
Additionally, the percentage of high school graduates attending
college has been increasing. According to the 2002 report of the
U.S. Census Bureau, the share of high school graduates
choosing to attend college increased from 45% in 1997 to 65% in
2002. As such, the pool of future college students has been
expanding and is poised to increase to record numbers in the
coming decade.
During 2003, an estimated 16.4 million students were
enrolled in colleges and universities, representing an increase
of 14.6% from ten years earlier and adding 2.1 million more
students to the college rolls. The Department of Education
projects that nationally, enrollments will climb to
18.2 million students by 2013 for an increase of
1.8 million from 2003.
College Enrollment: 1988-2013
71
The impact of demographic changes on college enrollment levels
will not be felt equally across all states. During the past
decade, the fastest growth of post-secondary enrollment has
primarily been concentrated in the Mountain States and the
Sunbelt (Southeast and Southwest). The Sunbelt, the Pacific and
the Northeast are projected to be the fastest growing regions in
college enrollment between 2000 and 2010, fueled by above
average growth projections in the young adult population in
these regions, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
Among individual states, California, Texas, New York and Florida
are projected to have the four largest populations of 18 to
24 year olds during the next decade, according to the
U.S. Census Bureau. The fact that these states are major
immigration gateways will also bolster future demographic and
accompanying college enrollment growth.
The following table provides information with respect to the
states projected to experience the most significant changes in
population growth between 2000 and 2010. The states in which we
currently own student housing properties are indicated in bold
face type:
Population Growth Projections
(Age 18-24)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change | |
|
% Change | |
Rank | |
|
State |
|
(2000-2010) | |
|
(2000-2010) | |
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
1 |
|
|
California |
|
|
1,196,012 |
|
|
|
38.2 |
% |
|
2 |
|
|
Texas |
|
|
395,320 |
|
|
|
18.6 |
% |
|
3 |
|
|
New York |
|
|
302,794 |
|
|
|
18.6 |
% |
|
4 |
|
|
Florida |
|
|
274,826 |
|
|
|
21.9 |
% |
|
5 |
|
|
Massachusetts |
|
|
142,520 |
|
|
|
26.0 |
% |
|
6 |
|
|
Georgia |
|
|
134,177 |
|
|
|
16.9 |
% |
|
7 |
|
|
North Carolina |
|
|
131,863 |
|
|
|
18.2 |
% |
|
8 |
|
|
Virginia |
|
|
122,361 |
|
|
|
18.5 |
% |
|
9 |
|
|
New Jersey |
|
|
105,659 |
|
|
|
15.1 |
% |
|
10 |
|
|
Illinois |
|
|
97,118 |
|
|
|
8.3 |
% |
|
11 |
|
|
Arizona |
|
|
96,911 |
|
|
|
20.8 |
% |
|
12 |
|
|
Maryland |
|
|
94,938 |
|
|
|
20.3 |
% |
|
13 |
|
|
Pennsylvania |
|
|
85,846 |
|
|
|
8.1 |
% |
|
14 |
|
|
Washington |
|
|
73,766 |
|
|
|
13.2 |
% |
|
15 |
|
|
Tennessee |
|
|
55,653 |
|
|
|
10.2 |
% |
|
16 |
|
|
Connecticut |
|
|
53,506 |
|
|
|
19.4 |
% |
|
17 |
|
|
South Carolina |
|
|
49,999 |
|
|
|
13.6 |
% |
|
18 |
|
|
Colorado |
|
|
49,826 |
|
|
|
12.0 |
% |
|
19 |
|
|
Michigan |
|
|
38,027 |
|
|
|
4.1 |
% |
|
20 |
|
|
Alabama |
|
|
35,155 |
|
|
|
8.1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
National Average |
|
|
70,067 |
|
|
|
14.8 |
% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Competitive Strengths
We believe that we have the following competitive advantages:
|
|
|
|
|
Student housing is our core business. We have expertise
in the unique and specialized aspects of the student housing
industry and focus on student housing as our core business. We
are a fully integrated organization, which is capable of
conducting market analysis, administering the entitlement and
municipal approval process, coordinating product design,
securing financing, administering the development process and
providing construction management, leasing and property
management services. Since our inception in 1993, we have been
one of the most active |
72
|
|
|
|
|
companies in the sector as we have been involved in the
development, acquisition, ownership and/or management of more
than 62 student housing properties containing more than 38,200
beds. |
|
|
|
One of the industrys most experienced teams.
Collectively throughout their individual careers, the seven
members of our senior management team have been involved in the
development, acquisition or management of more than 114 student
housing properties containing more than 73,500 beds at 78
colleges and universities. Our corporate team of student housing
professionals have participated in every functional aspect of
the ownership, acquisition, development and management of
student housing. Six corporate employees at the level of Vice
President or above, including our CEO, began their careers in
student housing as resident assistants while in college,
providing us with a comprehensive understanding of the
operational aspects of the student housing business. We believe
that this history of experience provides a base of knowledge
that has facilitated building a company with substantial
operating and development expertise in the student housing
industry. |
|
|
|
High quality student housing properties. As of
March 31, 2005, our properties had an average age of only
4.7 years. Our properties are located in close proximity
to, and in the case of our on-campus participating properties on
the grounds of, major colleges and universities. Our typical
units include private bedrooms, private or semi-private
bathrooms, living rooms and full kitchens with modern
appliances. Our properties typically offer extensive amenities
and services, including swimming pools, basketball, sand
volleyball and/or tennis courts and clubhouses with fitness
centers, recreational rooms and computer labs, in an
academically oriented environment that parents appreciate. Each
of our properties is managed and cared for by our trained
on-site staff managers, maintenance, business personnel
and resident assistants. |
|
|
|
Extensive network of university and college
relationships. This network provides us with acquisition,
development and management opportunities. Our clients have
included some the nations most prominent systems of higher
education, including the State University of New York System,
the University of California System, the Texas A&M
University System, the Texas State University System, the
University of Georgia System, the University of North Carolina
System, the Purdue University System, the University of Colorado
System and the Arizona State University System. |
|
|
|
Industry innovators. With nearly $1 billion of
development completed or in progress and in excess of
$300 million of properties acquired over the last decade,
we have led the industry in evolving student housing in the
areas of product design concepts, site planning, unit plans and
amenity offerings. We have also developed and implemented
specialized student housing investment and operating systems and
have created a proprietary lease administration and marketing
software customized for student housing that enables us to
quickly identify and respond to market changes and trends. |
Our Business and Growth Strategies
Our primary business objectives are to maximize long-term
stockholder value and cash flow available for distribution to
our stockholders. We intend to achieve these objectives by:
|
|
|
|
|
developing and acquiring owned off-campus student housing
communities that meet our focused investment criteria; |
|
|
|
maximizing the profitability of our owned and third-party
managed properties through proactive marketing, management and
asset preservation strategies; and |
|
|
|
continuing to grow our third-party development and management
services businesses to generate cash flow and build our national
reputation among colleges and universities. |
73
The following summarizes the key aspects of our strategies:
|
|
|
Follow a Disciplined Off-Campus Acquisition and
Development Strategy |
Our investment criteria are focused on acquiring and developing
high quality, modern student housing properties that are located
in close proximity to major colleges and universities. We target
properties that offer pedestrian, bicycle or university bus
service access to their respective campuses. We acquire and
develop properties that feature a differentiated product
offering and are located in student housing submarkets with
barriers to entry. Our focused investment criteria coupled with
our superior operational capabilities provide an opportunity to
increase the value and cash flow of our properties. We believe
that our reputation and close relationship with colleges and
universities also gives us an advantage in sourcing acquisition
and development opportunities, obtaining municipal approvals and
community support for our development projects, and in creating
marketing or operational advantages.
We consider many factors when determining whether we should
enter a market and, if so, whether through acquisition or
development and how to position our property within the market,
including the following:
|
|
|
|
|
Proximity to campus |
|
|
|
Unit mix compared to competition |
|
|
|
Marketability of floor plans compared to competition |
|
|
|
Quality and marketability of amenity offering compared to
competition |
|
|
|
Total housing cost to residents compared to each direct
competitor |
|
|
|
Age of the structure |
|
|
|
Quality of construction and impact related to ongoing capital
expenditures |
|
|
|
Quality of furniture, fixtures and equipment and impact on
ongoing capital expenditures |
|
|
|
Condition and extraordinary cost impacts related to mechanical
and physical plant systems |
|
|
|
Operational and marketing inefficiencies and identification of
areas for improvement |
|
|
|
Internet, communications and entertainment features incorporated
into the structure |
|
|
|
Reputation of the property and competitor properties among
students and key university offices |
|
|
|
|
|
Size of college or university |
|
|
|
Enrollment characteristics and growth projections |
|
|
|
Percent of students housed on-campus |
|
|
|
On-campus housing requirements and policies |
|
|
|
On-campus housing products and pricing |
|
|
|
Development plans for future housing |
|
|
|
Universitys admission policy and expected changes to such
policies |
|
|
|
Presence of university services/programs that enable
establishing formal relationships |
74
|
|
|
|
|
Fundamentals of the overall local housing market |
|
|
|
Fundamentals of student housing submarkets |
|
|
|
Nature of direct competitors and their product offering |
|
|
|
Impact of greater housing market on each student housing
submarket |
|
|
|
Barriers to entry in each student housing submarket |
|
|
|
Student preferences related to each student housing submarket |
|
|
|
Planned or potential future student housing development |
After we identify a potential student housing acquisition or
development opportunity, a team consisting of in-house personnel
and third parties will conduct detailed due diligence to assess
the potential opportunity.
Given our significant development and acquisition activities
over the last decade, we have developed active relationships
with universities, developers, owners, lenders and brokers of
student housing properties that allow us to identify and
capitalize on acquisition and development opportunities. As a
result, we have generated a proprietary database of contacts and
properties that assist us in identifying and evaluating
acquisition and development opportunities. Through our
experienced development staff and our relationship with certain
developers with whom we have previously developed off-campus
student housing properties, we will continue to identify and
acquire development sites in close proximity to colleges and
universities that permit us to develop unique properties that
offer a competitive advantage. We will also continue to benefit
from opportunities derived from our extensive network with
colleges and universities.
|
|
|
Maximize Property-Level Profitability |
We seek to maximize property-level profitability by maximizing
occupancy and revenue along with the implementation of prudent
cost control systems. Our experienced and trained on-site
management personnel administer the timely execution of our
marketing, management and maintenance plans with corporate
support and supervision in all functional areas.
Some of our specific expense control initiatives include:
|
|
|
|
|
establishing internal controls and procedures for cost control
consistently throughout our communities; |
|
|
|
appropriately staffing our properties at the site-level,
minimizing multiple layers of management and increasing
effectiveness; |
|
|
|
negotiating utility and service-level pricing arrangements with
national and regional vendors and requiring corporate-level
approval of service agreements for each community; and |
|
|
|
conducting analysis of the costs and effectiveness of each of
our marketing programs via our proprietary LAMS system. |
|
|
|
Utilize our Proprietary Marketing Systems |
We believe we have developed the industrys only
specialized, fully integrated leasing administration and
marketing software program, which we call LAMS. We utilize LAMS
to maximize our revenue and improve the efficiency and
effectiveness of our marketing and lease administration process.
Through LAMS, each of our properties ongoing marketing and
leasing efforts are supervised at the corporate office on a real
time basis. Among other things, LAMS provides:
|
|
|
|
|
a fully integrated prospect tracking and follow-up system.
Prospect information from all types of inquiries walk-in,
telephone, web site/email, or fax is recorded and entered
into the LAMS database, and an aggressive, fully-automated
follow-up and tracking program is then implemented, |
75
|
|
|
|
|
with LAMS generating follow-up labels and electronic
communications and disseminating marketing messages. |
|
|
|
a built-in marketing effectiveness program to measure the
success of our marketing efforts on a real time basis. LAMS
generates a weekly traffic analysis that shows the quantity of
each type of inquiry received for that period as well as the
marketing medium that generated each piece of traffic. In
addition, LAMS generates a period-to-period comparative traffic
and leasing analysis that allows us to compare the pace of the
current years traffic and leasing activity to that of
previous years. This enables us to track the effectiveness of
each marketing program being utilized and to respond accordingly. |
|
|
|
a real-time monitor of lease closings and leasing terms. LAMS
automatically generates closing reports allowing us to measure
the staffs closing ratios. The closing ratios are
calculated by LAMS on an individual basis so that we may better
evaluate performance and optimize our staffing. LAMS generates
application and leasing status reports that detail the current
period and year-to-date status of applications and leasing
broken down by type of accommodation. This enables us to quickly
identify potential problems related to pricing and/or
desirability of our various types of accommodations and to
respond accordingly. |
|
|
|
an automated lease generation system. Each propertys lease
term and rental rate information is set up in LAMS by authorized
corporate staff. This enables the corporate office to maintain
tight controls on pricing changes and special promotions. LAMS
generates each resident lease, eliminating the potential for
manual errors of our on-site staff. |
|
|
|
Capitalize on our Unique Understanding of Student
Housing |
Student housing has undergone a dramatic evolution over the past
two decades. Today, students and parents factor in the quality
of housing when selecting a college. Many of the members of our
corporate staff have spent the majority of their careers in
student housing. We witnessed, and at times have driven, this
evolution. Our grass roots understanding of the business gives
us a unique perspective in how we analyze student markets,
design and construct our developments, underwrite our
investments and lease and operate our communities.
|
|
|
Build Products that Meet Students
Expectations |
Many teenagers now leaving for college grew up with their own
bedrooms, bathrooms and all the luxuries of the modern home. The
traditional dormitory featuring double occupancy
bedrooms, community bathrooms and low budget food service is no
longer an acceptable product. Thats why our units
typically feature private bedrooms, private bathrooms, large
living rooms and conveniences like high-speed internet. We
provide the privacy and conveniences todays student
expects.
|
|
|
Build a Sense of Community Through Design |
Our projects are designed to facilitate resident interaction and
management supervision. Unlike multifamily housing, we do not
site plan our properties around the park at your
door concept. Our buildings are typically located around
spacious courtyards with parking located on the perimeters.
Within the core of the community are resort-style amenities and
large community centers with fitness centers, recreation/game
rooms, social lounges and computer labs.
|
|
|
Proactively Manage Leasing Cycles and Annual
Turnover |
Each market has its own distinctive leasing cycle. Leasing
windows can be very short and may differ among targeted student
groups. If you miss a markets cycle, recovery may not
occur until the following academic year. Our LAMS proprietary
leasing administration and marketing software program enables us
to proactively manage this process to maximize results.
76
Most of our owned, off-campus properties have 12-month leases
that provide for 11.5 months of occupancy. This typically
leaves only two weeks to move students out at the end of one
academic year, prepare units and move students in for the next
academic year, a process most traditional real estate operators
are ill equipped to manage. Weve spent a decade refining
our annual turnover program to achieve maximum efficiency.
|
|
|
Manage Individual Lease Liability and Accounts
Receivables |
We lease by the bed on an individual liability basis, as opposed
to joint and several unit leases used in multifamily. We require
a parent or guardian to sign as a guarantor unless a student
provides proof of financial capability. Parents and students
find comfort, and are willing to pay a premium, in knowing they
are not responsible for a roommates rent. With mom and dad
being a party to the lease, it enables us to involve them
directly whenever the need may arise.
There is a misperception that delinquent rents are very high in
student housing. We consider students to be a minimal credit
risk, as parents are typically the true credit behind most
leases. For students with inadequate parental support,
substantial financial aid is available in the form of student
loans, grants and scholarships. Historically, our reserve for
uncollectible rent is less than 1% of rental revenue for our
owned, off-campus assets.
|
|
|
Dispel the Animal House Myth |
Owners and managers once considered students undesirable tenants
whose lack of respect for the community resulted in excessive
damage. For the absentee landlord who doesnt proactively
maintain their student properties, this can be a self-fulfilling
expectation.
We provide students with high-quality, well-amenitized product
that we maintain impeccably. We then communicate to our
residents the expectation that they will respect and care for
the community. Students appreciate our approach and respond
favorably when management is truly proactive in caring for the
community. If students do not respect this philosophy, and
malicious damage does occur, we demonstrate low tolerance and
generally move to evict those students as an example to others.
|
|
|
Maintain Communities Conducive to Academic
Achievement |
Each of our communities is staffed to foster an academically
oriented environment. Our general managers or assistant general
managers live on-site. We also have on-site resident assistants
who organize an array of educational, recreational and social
programs. This approach assists us in gaining the respect of the
subject university, which, in many cases, provides us with a
competitive advantage.
|
|
|
Develop and Retain Personnel |
We strive to develop staff from within via extensive training in
each functional area and via our formal management training
program, which we refer to as Inside Track. Each
year we identify 1 to 20 management candidates from our
student and professional field staff, who are invited to partake
in a three-day kick-off training program to prepare them to
become property managers. They then return to their respective
properties where they undergo a one-year mentoring program,
under the tutelage of their general manager and regional
manager, where they are trained in the each functional aspect of
our business. To aid in retaining field employees, we have also
developed an incentive-based compensation structure for our
on-site personnel.
|
|
|
Maintain and Develop Strategic Relationships |
We seek to maintain and establish relationships with
universities. We believe that establishing and maintaining
relationships with universities is important to the ongoing
success of our business. These relationships should continue to
provide us with favored referrals to enhance our leasing efforts,
77
opportunities for additional acquisitions of student housing
communities and contracts for third-party services.
|
|
|
Efficiently Manage the Unique Structure of our
Leases |
Student housing properties are typically leased by the bed on an
individual lease liability basis, unlike multifamily housing
where leasing is by the unit. Individual lease liability limits
each residents liability for his or her own rent without
liability for a roommates rent. A parent or guardian is
required to execute each lease as a guarantor unless the
resident provides adequate proof of income. The number of lease
contracts that we administer are therefore equivalent to the
number of beds occupied and not the number of units. Unlike
traditional multifamily housing, most of our leases commence and
terminate on the same dates and may have terms of 9, 10, or
12 months. As an example, in the case of our typical
12-month leases, these dates coincide with the commencement of
the universities fall academic term and typically
terminate at the completion of the last subsequent summer school
session. As such, we must re-lease each property in its entirety
each year. We have developed an annual turnover program to
efficiently manage this process.
Operating Segments
We define business segments by their distinct customer base and
service provided. We have identified the following reportable
segments: Owned Off-Campus Properties, On-Campus Participating
Properties and Third Party Services, which consists of
Development Services and Property Management Services.
|
|
|
Owned Off-Campus Properties |
As of March 31, 2005, our Owned Off-Campus Properties
segment consisted of 19 owned off-campus properties that are in
close proximity to 22 public colleges and universities in nine
states. Off-campus properties are generally located in close
proximity to the school campus, generally with pedestrian,
bicycle, or University shuttle access. We tend to offer more
relaxed rules and regulations than on-campus housing that are
more appealing to upper-classmen. We believe that the support of
colleges and universities can be beneficial to the success of
our off-campus properties. We actively seek to have these
institutions recommend our off-campus facilities to their
students or to provide us with mailing lists so that we may
directly market to students and parents. In some cases, the
institutions actually promote our off-campus facilities in their
recruiting and admissions literature. In cases where the
educational institutions do not offer recommendations for
off-campus housing or mailing lists, most nonetheless provide
lists of suitable properties to their students, and we
continually work to ensure that our properties are on these
lists in each of the markets that we serve.
Due to the unique structure of our leases, as discussed above,
we may experience reduced cash flows during the summer months.
Additionally, changes in university admission policies could
adversely affect this segment. For example, if a university
reduces the number of student admissions or requires that a
certain class of students (e.g., freshmen) live in a university
owned facility, the demand for beds at our properties may be
reduced and our occupancy rates may decline. While we may engage
in marketing efforts to compensate for such changes in admission
policies, we may not be able to affect such marketing efforts
prior to the commencement of the annual lease-up period or our
additional marketing efforts may not be successful.
This segment is subject to competition for tenants with
on-campus housing owned by colleges and universities. Colleges
and universities can generally avoid real estate taxes and
borrow funds at lower interest rates than us (and other private
sector operators), thereby decreasing their operating costs.
Residence halls owned and operated by the primary colleges and
universities in the markets of our owned properties typically
charge lower rental rates, but offer fewer amenities than those
charged by our properties. Additionally, most universities are
only able to house a small percentage of their overall
enrollment, and are therefore highly dependant upon the
off-campus market to provide housing for their students.
High-quality, well run off-campus student housing can be a
critical component to an institutions
78
ability to attract and retain students. Therefore, developing
and maintaining good relationships with educational institutions
can result in a privately owned off-campus facility becoming, in
effect, an extension of the institutions housing program,
with the institution providing highly valued references and
recommendations to students and parents.
This segment also competes with national and regional
owner-operators of off-campus student housing in a number of
markets as well as with smaller local owner-operators.
Therefore, the performance of this segment could be affected by
the construction of new off-campus residences in close proximity
to our existing properties, increases or decreases in the
general levels of rents for housing in competing communities,
increases or decreases in the number of students enrolled at one
or more of the colleges or universities in the market of a
property, and other general economic conditions.
|
|
|
On-Campus Participating Properties |
Our On-Campus Participating Properties segment includes
on-campus leaseholds owned by our TRS that are operated under
ground/facility leases with the related university systems. We
participate with two university systems in the operations and
cash flows of five on-campus participating properties (one of
which is currently under construction) under long-term
ground/facility leases. The subject universities hold title to
both the land and improvements on these properties.
Under our ground/facility leases, we receive an annual
distribution representing 50% of these properties net cash
available for distribution after payment of operating expenses
(which includes our management fees), debt service (which
includes repayment of principal) and capital expenditures. We
also manage these properties under multi-year management
agreements and are paid a management fee representing 5% of
receipts.
While the terms of each specific ground/facility lease agreement
tend to vary in certain respects, the following terms are
generally common to all:
|
|
|
|
|
a term of 30-40 years, subject to early termination upon
repayment of the mortgage financing, which generally has a
25-year amortization; |
|
|
|
ground/facility lease rent of a nominal amount (e.g.,
$100 per annum over the lease term) plus 50% of net cash
available for distribution; |
|
|
|
the right of first refusal by the educational institution to
purchase our leasehold interest in the event we propose to sell
it to any third party; |
|
|
|
an obligation by the educational institution to promote the
project, include information relative to the project in
brochures and mailings and to permit us to advertise the project; |
|
|
|
the requirement to receive the educational institutions
consent to increase rental rates by a percentage greater than
the percentage increase in our property operating expenses plus
the amount of any increases in debt service; and |
|
|
|
the option of the educational institution to purchase our
interest in and assume management of the facility, with the
purchase price calculated at the discounted present cash value
of our leasehold interest. |
We do not have access to the cash flows and working capital of
these on-campus participating properties except for the annual
net cash distribution. Additionally, a substantial portion of
these properties cash flow is dedicated to capital
reserves required under the applicable property indebtedness and
to the amortization of such indebtedness. These amounts do not
increase our economic interest in these properties since our
interest, including our right to share in the net cash available
for distribution from the properties, terminates upon the
amortization of their indebtedness. Our economic interest in
these properties is therefore limited to our interest in the net
cash flow and management fees from these properties.
Accordingly, when considering these properties
contribution to our operations, we focus upon our share of these
properties net cash available for distribution and the
management fees that we receive from these
79
properties rather than upon their contribution to our gross
revenues and expenses for financial reporting purposes.
We are one of the nations leaders in the third party
development and management of on-campus housing, which has
allowed us to develop key relationships with colleges and
universities. These relationships, and the corresponding
national reputation that we have developed in this portion of
our business, benefits us when developing and managing our owned
off-campus properties. The revenues we earn from our third party
services comprised approximately 13% of our 2004 revenues as
compared to approximately 16% of our 2003 revenues. We believe
that these services continue to provide synergies with respect
to our ability to identify, acquire or develop, and successfully
operate, student housing properties. These services are
conducted through our TRS and are described below.
While management evaluates the operational performance of our
third party services based on the distinct segments identified
below, at times, we also evaluate these segments on a combined
basis. These services are described below.
Development Services. Our Third Party Development
Services segment consists of development and construction
management services that we provide for third parties that range
from short-term consulting projects to long-term full-scale
development and construction projects. Revenues earned on such
contracts are recognized as deliverables are provided or, in the
case of long-term full-scale development and construction
projects, based on the percentage-of-completion method. We
typically provide these services to colleges and universities
seeking to modernize their on-campus student housing properties.
They look to us to bring our student housing experience and
expertise to ensure they develop marketable, functional and
financially sustainable facilities. Educational institutions
usually seek to build housing that will enhance their
recruitment and retention of students while facilitating their
academic objectives. Most of these development service contracts
are awarded via a competitive request for proposal, or RFP,
process that qualifies developers based on their overall ability
to provide specialized student housing design, development,
construction management, financial structuring and property
management services. Our development services typically include
pre-development, design and financial structuring services. Our
pre-development services typically include feasibility studies
for third party owners and design services. Feasibility studies
include (i) initial feasibility analysis, (ii) review
of conceptual design and (iii) assistance with master
planning. Some of the documents produced in this process include
the conceptual design documents, preliminary development and
operating budgets, cash flow projections and a preliminary
market assessment. Our design services include
(i) coordination with the architect and other members of
the design team, (ii) review of construction plans and
(iii) assistance with project due diligence and project
budgets.
Construction management services typically consist of
coordinating and supervising the construction, equipping and
furnishing process on behalf of the project owner, including
site visits, hiring of a general contractor and project
professionals and full coordination and administration of all
activities necessary for project completion in accordance with
plans and specifications and with verification of adequate
insurance.
Our development services activities benefit our primary goal of
owning and operating student housing properties in a number of
ways. By providing these services to others, we are able to
expand and refine our unit plan and community design, the
operational efficiency of our material specifications and our
ability to determine market acceptance of unit and community
amenities. Our development and construction management personnel
enable us to establish relationships with general contractors,
architects and project professionals throughout the nation.
Through these services, we gain experience and expertise in
residential and commercial construction methodologies under
various labor conditions, including right-to-work labor markets,
markets subject to prevailing wage requirements and fully
unionized environments.
With regard to our third party development services for colleges
and universities, our clients have included some of the
nations most prominent systems of higher education,
including the State University of New York System, the
University of California System, the Texas A&M
University System, the Texas State
80
University System, the University of Georgia System, the
University of North Carolina System, the Purdue University
System and the University of Colorado System. We have developed
student housing properties for these clients and a majority of
the time have been retained to manage these properties following
their opening. As of March 31, 2005, development fees of
approximately $5.1 million remained to be earned by us with
respect to third party development projects. The following table
provides certain information with respect to third party
properties under development as of March 31, 2005:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance to be | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fees Previously | |
|
Earned and | |
|
|
|
|
Total Contractual | |
|
Earned and | |
|
Recognized in | |
|
Scheduled | |
Property |
|
Fee Amount | |
|
Recognized | |
|
2005 and 2006 | |
|
Completion | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Saint Leo University Phase II
|
|
$ |
375 |
|
|
$ |
199 |
|
|
$ |
176 |
|
|
|
Aug 2005 |
|
Vista del Campo Phase II
|
|
|
3,501 |
|
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
3,333 |
|
|
|
Aug 2006 |
|
West Virginia University pre-development services
|
|
|
400 |
(1) |
|
|
370 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
Jun 2005 |
|
Fenn Tower Renovation
|
|
|
1,509 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
1,499 |
|
|
|
Aug 2006 |
|
Lamar University Dining Hall
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
Nov 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$ |
5,895 |
|
|
$ |
769 |
|
|
$ |
5,126 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Net of approximately $0.6 million of costs anticipated to
be incurred to complete the project. |
In addition, as of March 31, 2005, we have been selected to
perform construction administration services related to a
student housing property for West Virginia University. These
services provide a net construction administration fee of
approximately $0.3 million and are anticipated to commence
in August 2005. We have also received a Notice of Intent
to Award from Arizona State University indicating that we
have been selected to provide design, development and management
of student housing on the Tempe Campus. In addition, we have
also been selected by Hope International University in
Fullerton, California to design and oversee a comprehensive
redevelopment of its campus, including the development of
residence halls, student apartments and faculty housing. Subject
to the successful structuring and closing of the Arizona State
and Hope transactions, we anticipate that the projects will
commence construction during the second or third quarter of 2006.
Property Management Services. Our Third Party Property
Management Services segment includes revenues generated from
third party management contracts in which we are typically
responsible for all aspects of a propertys operations,
including marketing, leasing administration, facilities
maintenance, business administration, accounts payable, accounts
receivable, financial reporting, capital projects and residence
life student development. As of March 31, 2005, we provided
third party management services for 19 student housing
properties that represented approximately 11,300 beds in
approximately 4,500 units, 13 of which we developed. We
provide these services pursuant to multi-year management
agreements (generally ranging between two to five years).
Competition
|
|
|
Competition from Universities and Colleges |
We are subject to competition for student-tenants from on-campus
housing operated by educational institutions, charitable
foundations and others. On-campus student housing has certain
inherent advantages over off-campus student housing in terms of
physical proximity to the university campus, captive student
body, perception of a more secure environment and the fuller
integration of on-campus facilities into the academic community.
Colleges and universities can generally avoid real estate taxes
and borrow funds at lower interest rates than us (and other
private sector operators), thereby decreasing their costs of
operating new on-campus student housing. Residence halls owned
and operated by the primary colleges and universities in the
markets of our owned properties typically charge lower rental
rates, but offer fewer amenities than those charged by our
properties.
81
On the other hand, most universities are able to house only a
small percentage of their overall enrollment, and are therefore
highly dependant upon the off-campus market to provide housing
for their students. High-quality, well run off-campus student
housing can be a critical component to an institutions
ability to attract and retain students. Accordingly, a
university or college, rather than being a competitor, may
actually become a potential customer of off-campus student
housing. Developing and maintaining a good relationship with an
educational institution can result in a privately owned
off-campus facility becoming, in effect, an extension of the
institutions housing program, with the institution
providing highly valued references and recommendations to
students and parents.
|
|
|
Competition from Public and Private Owners |
We compete with several regional and national owner-operators of
off-campus student housing in a number of markets, including GMH
Communities Trust and Education Realty Trust, Inc., each of
which has recently completed an initial public offering of its
common stock and, in connection therewith, has publicly
disclosed its intention to grow its student housing business. We
also compete with smaller local or regional owner-operators.
Currently, the industry is fragmented with no participant
holding a significant market share. There are a number of
student housing complexes that are located near to or in the
same general vicinity of many of our owned properties and that
compete directly with us. We believe that a number of other
large national companies with substantial financial resources
may be potential entrants in the student housing business. The
entry of one or more of these companies could increase
competition for students and for the acquisition or development
of other student housing properties.
Our Properties
Our properties generally are modern facilities, and amenities at
most of our properties include a swimming pool, basketball
courts and a large community center featuring a fitness center,
computer center, tanning beds, study areas and a recreation room
with billiards and other games. Some properties also have a
jacuzzi/hot tub, volleyball courts, tennis courts and in-unit
washers and dryers. Two of our off-campus properties completed
development and opened in Fall 2004, one owned off-campus
property is currently under construction with a scheduled
completion date of August 2005, and one on-campus participating
property is currently under construction with a scheduled
completion date of August 2005. Lease terms are generally
12 months at our off-campus properties and 9 months at
our on-campus participating properties. The average age of our
properties is 4.7 years.
We own fee title to all of these properties except for:
|
|
|
|
|
The Callaway House, in which we own an 80% partnership interest
and are entitled to significant preferred distributions; |
|
|
|
University Village at TU, which is subject to a 75-year ground
lease from Temple University (with four additional six-year
extensions); and |
|
|
|
Five on-campus participating properties held under
ground/facility leases with two university systems. |
82
The following table presents certain information about our owned
property portfolio as of March 31, 2005.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquired/ |
|
|
|
|
|
Occupancy | |
|
|
|
|
Property |
|
Developed |
|
Location | |
|
Primary University Served |
|
Rates (1) | |
|
Units | |
|
Beds | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Off-Campus Properties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. Commons On Apache
|
|
1999 |
|
|
Tempe, AZ |
|
|
Arizona State University Main Campus |
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
111 |
|
|
|
444 |
|
2. The Village at Blacksburg
|
|
2000 |
|
|
Blacksburg, VA |
|
|
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University |
|
|
98.6 |
% |
|
|
288 |
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
3. The Village on University
|
|
1999 |
|
|
Tempe, AZ |
|
|
Arizona State University Main Campus |
|
|
99.1 |
% |
|
|
288 |
|
|
|
918 |
|
4. River Club Apartments
|
|
1999 |
|
|
Athens, GA |
|
|
The University of Georgia Athens |
|
|
95.5 |
% |
|
|
266 |
|
|
|
794 |
|
5. River Walk Townhomes
|
|
1999 |
|
|
Athens, GA |
|
|
The University of Georgia Athens |
|
|
97.1 |
% |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
340 |
|
6. The Callaway House(2)
|
|
2001 |
|
|
College Station, TX |
|
|
Texas A&M University |
|
|
101.3 |
% |
|
|
173 |
|
|
|
538 |
|
7. The Village at Alafaya Club
|
|
2000 |
|
|
Orlando, FL |
|
|
The University of Central Florida |
|
|
97.4 |
% |
|
|
228 |
|
|
|
840 |
|
8. The Village at Science Drive
|
|
2001 |
|
|
Orlando, FL |
|
|
The University of Central Florida |
|
|
99.3 |
% |
|
|
192 |
|
|
|
732 |
|
9. University Village at Boulder Creek
|
|
2002 |
|
|
Boulder, CO |
|
|
The University of Colorado at Boulder |
|
|
87.7 |
% |
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
309 |
|
10. University Village at Fresno
|
|
2004 |
|
|
Fresno, CA |
|
|
California State University, Fresno |
|
|
98.8 |
% |
|
|
105 |
|
|
|
406 |
|
11. University Village at TU
|
|
2004 |
|
|
Philadelphia, PA |
|
|
Temple University |
|
|
98.8 |
% |
|
|
220 |
|
|
|
749 |
|
12. University Village at Sweet Home(3)
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Amherst, NY |
|
|
State University of New York Buffalo |
|
|
|
|
|
|
269 |
|
|
|
828 |
|
13. University Club Tallahassee
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Tallahassee, FL |
|
|
Florida State University |
|
|
93.4 |
% |
|
|
152 |
|
|
|
608 |
|
14. The Grove at University Club
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Tallahassee, FL |
|
|
Florida State University |
|
|
98.4 |
% |
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
128 |
|
15. College Club Tallahassee
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Tallahassee, FL |
|
|
Florida A&M University |
|
|
92.4 |
% |
|
|
96 |
|
|
|
384 |
|
16. The Greens at College Club
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Tallahassee, FL |
|
|
Florida A&M University |
|
|
96.9 |
% |
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
17. University Club Gainesville
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Gainesville, FL |
|
|
University of Florida |
|
|
98.9 |
% |
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
376 |
|
18. City Parc at Fry Street
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Denton, TX |
|
|
University of North Texas |
|
|
94.7 |
% |
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
418 |
|
19. Exchange at Gainesville (to be renamed)
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Gainesville, FL |
|
|
University of Florida |
|
|
95.6 |
% |
|
|
396 |
|
|
|
1,044 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total off-campus properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
97.2 |
% |
|
|
3,300 |
|
|
|
11,072 |
|
On-Campus Participating Properties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20. University Village PVAMU
|
|
1996/97/98 |
|
|
Prairie View, TX |
|
|
Prairie View A&M University |
|
|
93.0 |
% |
|
|
612 |
|
|
|
1,920 |
|
21. University College PVAMU
|
|
2000/2003 |
|
|
Prairie View, TX |
|
|
Prairie View A&M University |
|
|
95.0 |
% |
|
|
756 |
|
|
|
1,470 |
|
22. University Village TAMIU
|
|
1997 |
|
|
Laredo, TX |
|
|
Texas A&M International University |
|
|
70.2 |
% |
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
252 |
|
23. Cullen Oaks Phase I
|
|
2001 |
|
|
Houston, TX |
|
|
The University of Houston |
|
|
99.6 |
% |
|
|
231 |
|
|
|
525 |
|
24. Cullen Oaks Phase II(3)
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Houston, TX |
|
|
The University of Houston |
|
|
|
|
|
|
180 |
|
|
|
354 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total on-campus participating properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
93.1 |
% |
|
|
1,863 |
|
|
|
4,521 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total all properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
96.0 |
% |
|
|
5,163 |
|
|
|
15,593 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Occupancy rates are calculated as of March 31, 2005.
Occupancy is based on the number of total occupied beds
(including beds occupied by staff) divided by total beds. |
|
(2) |
Also has a food service facility. |
|
(3) |
Currently under development with a scheduled completion date of
August 2005. |
83
The following table sets forth certain comparative information
as of May 27, 2005 and May 28, 2004 (the last Friday
in May for each period reported) regarding the leasing status of
our owned off-campus properties for the 2005/2006 and 2004/2005
academic years, respectively.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Applications | |
|
% of | |
|
Applications | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and Leases | |
|
Rentable | |
|
and Leases | |
|
Variance to | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
as of | |
|
Beds as of | |
|
as of | |
|
Prior Year | |
|
|
|
Total | |
|
|
May 27, | |
|
May 27, | |
|
May 28, | |
|
| |
|
Rentable | |
|
Design | |
Applications and Leases |
|
2005 | |
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
Beds | |
|
% | |
|
Beds(1) | |
|
Beds | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Commons of Apache
|
|
|
444 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
444 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
% |
|
|
444 |
|
|
|
444 |
|
The Village at Blacksburg
|
|
|
1,034 |
|
|
|
98.7 |
% |
|
|
1,030 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
0.4 |
% |
|
|
1,048 |
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
The Village on University
|
|
|
515 |
|
|
|
56.7 |
% |
|
|
656 |
|
|
|
(141 |
) |
|
|
(21.5 |
)% |
|
|
909 |
|
|
|
918 |
|
River Club Apartments
|
|
|
719 |
|
|
|
92.8 |
% |
|
|
543 |
|
|
|
176 |
|
|
|
32.4 |
% |
|
|
775 |
|
|
|
794 |
|
River Walk Townhomes
|
|
|
296 |
|
|
|
88.9 |
% |
|
|
316 |
|
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
(6.3 |
)% |
|
|
333 |
|
|
|
340 |
|
The Callaway House
|
|
|
642 |
|
|
|
121.8 |
% |
|
|
569 |
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
12.8 |
% |
|
|
527 |
|
|
|
538 |
|
The Village at Alafaya Club
|
|
|
581 |
|
|
|
70.1 |
% |
|
|
586 |
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(0.9 |
)% |
|
|
829 |
|
|
|
840 |
|
The Village at Science Drive
|
|
|
717 |
|
|
|
99.3 |
% |
|
|
718 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(0.1 |
)% |
|
|
722 |
|
|
|
732 |
|
University Village at Boulder Creek
|
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
56.2 |
% |
|
|
218 |
|
|
|
(50 |
) |
|
|
(22.9 |
)% |
|
|
299 |
|
|
|
309 |
|
University Village Fresno
|
|
|
336 |
|
|
|
84.8 |
% |
|
|
218 |
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
54.1 |
% |
|
|
396 |
|
|
|
406 |
|
University Village at TU
|
|
|
728 |
|
|
|
99.3 |
% |
|
|
734 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(0.8 |
)% |
|
|
733 |
|
|
|
749 |
|
University Village at Sweet Home
|
|
|
835 |
|
|
|
102.2 |
% |
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
817 |
|
|
|
828 |
|
University Club Tallahassee(2)
|
|
|
744 |
|
|
|
102.5 |
% |
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
726 |
|
|
|
736 |
|
College Club Tallahassee(3)
|
|
|
392 |
|
|
|
73.1 |
% |
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
536 |
|
|
|
544 |
|
University Club Gainesville
|
|
|
267 |
|
|
|
71.8 |
% |
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
372 |
|
|
|
376 |
|
City Parc at Fry Street
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
47.6 |
% |
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
412 |
|
|
|
418 |
|
Exchange at Gainesville (to be renamed)
|
|
|
949 |
|
|
|
92.0 |
% |
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
1,032 |
|
|
|
1,044 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,910 |
|
|
|
11,072 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Rentable Beds exclude beds needed for on-site staff and/or model
units. |
|
(2) |
For lease administration purposes, University Club Tallahassee
and the Grove at University Club are reported combined. |
|
(3) |
For lease administration purposes, College Club Tallahassee and
the Greens at College Club are reported combined. |
The following describes certain of our material properties:
University Village at TU, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
University Village at TU is located in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania less than one-quarter mile east of the Temple
University campus. The University had a Fall 2004 student
enrollment of approximately 34,000.
The Universitys current on-campus housing can accommodate
approximately 4,400 students, and these facilities are 100%
occupied with a significant wait list. The University also
leases approximately 1,200 sponsored beds in
various off-campus apartment complexes. The majority of
on-campus housing is either residence hall style or residence
suites. The University does not currently have a residence
requirement.
There currently are over 800 beds of dedicated student
housing in the area, which includes the Kardon Building, a
converted loft building located one block east of the campus,
and Oxford House, a new student housing development one block
west of the campus that opened in Fall 2004. In addition to
dedicated and sponsored student housing, there is a significant
amount of conventional multi-family housing throughout the city
(estimated to be over 140,000 units). This includes a
significant concentration of multi-family housing in Center
City, the Philadelphia downtown area that is located
approximately three miles south of the Universitys main
campus.
84
We completed the construction of this property in August 2004.
The property is built on a 2.3-acre site and consists of three
buildings that are three, four and six stories. Construction is
of steel and concrete with a brick, stucco and metal exterior.
The property totals approximately 182,000 rentable square
feet (rsf) with 220 apartment units and
749 beds, offered in a Two Bedroom/ One Bathroom, Three
Bedroom/ Three Bathroom, Two Bedroom/ Two Bathroom (double
occupancy), or a Four Bedroom/ Four Bathroom unit configuration.
Units range in size from approximately 448 rsf to
approximately 1,125 rsf, and all feature private or
semi-private baths, full kitchen appliances (including
microwave), nine-foot ceilings and high-speed network, cable and
telephone hook-ups in each bedroom. All units are fully
furnished. Community amenities include laundry center, business
center with computers connected to the Internet, fitness center,
social lounge with big-screen televisions and a game room.
Residents are required to sign-up for a communications package
that includes cable television and Internet access. The unit mix
is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beds/ | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Monthly Asking | |
Unit Type |
|
No. Units | |
|
Unit | |
|
Beds | |
|
Unit SF | |
|
Total RSF | |
|
Rent/Bed* | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Four Bedroom/ Four Bath
|
|
|
105 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
420 |
|
|
|
1,125 |
|
|
|
118,125 |
|
|
$ |
645-675 |
|
Two Bedroom/ Two Bath (Double Occ.)
|
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
682 |
|
|
|
33,418 |
|
|
$ |
500 |
|
Three Bedroom/ Three Bath
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
905 |
|
|
|
905 |
|
|
$ |
660-690 |
|
Two Bedroom/ One Bath
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
448 |
|
|
|
29,120 |
|
|
$ |
625 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
220 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
749 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
181,568 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
Asking prices for 2005/2006 academic year. |
The property is rented primarily on full-year leases running
from mid-August to mid-August. Rent is collected in
12 equal consecutive installments paid July through June.
The occupancy rate was 98.8% as of March 31, 2005. As of
May 27, 2005, we have received applications with refundable
deposits for the upcoming 2005/2006 academic year for 99.3% of
the 733 rentable beds and executed leases for 95.9% of the
733 rentable beds.
For the approximately seven and one-half months that the
property was operating during the 12 months ended
March 31, 2005, the total revenue of the property was
approximately $3.8 million. Approximately 100% of the units
are estimated to be leased as fully furnished in Fall 2005. With
the property being fully leased and receiving full utility
revenue from each resident for the upcoming 2005/2006 academic
year, contracted revenue is projected to increase by
approximately $0.1 million over the 2004-2005 academic year.
We hold a leasehold interest in the property pursuant to a
75-year ground lease (with four six-year options, which may be
unilaterally denied by the University) with Temple University
that requires us to pay annual minimum rent of
$0.1 million, plus (i) an annual Preferred
Return (defined as the amount by which Net Revenues exceed
$150,000, not to exceed $50,000), and (ii) 1% of the amount
by which Net Revenues exceed the sum of the Preferred Return
plus $150,000. In addition, we must pay the University
(a) 1% of the amount, if any, of the refinancing net
proceeds and (b) 1% of the amount, if any, of the Sale Net
Proceeds from any sale of our leasehold interest, excluding
sales to an affiliate or the University. We may not transfer the
lease without the Universitys consent, which consent may
not be unreasonably withheld. Any proposed transfer of our
rights to the property must first be offered to the University.
The University has the option at any time, commencing on the
40th anniversary of the rent commencement date (such option
vesting date estimated to be no later than September 1,
2044), to purchase our interest in the lease. The purchase price
for our leasehold interest is the fair market value of the lease
as determined by an appraisal process set forth in the lease.
The closing of such transaction will occur within 60 days
following the determination of the purchase price. The
University also has a right of first offer with respect to any
third party receiving or purchasing our leasehold interest.
85
We have budgeted approximately $25,000 in capital expenditures
for 2005 mostly for recurring capital items such as carpet and
furniture replacement. Real estate taxes with a rate of 8.3% at
this property are estimated to be approximately $9,700 for the
year ended December 31, 2005. The property benefits from a
10-year tax abatement on all improvements, with only the land
being taxable. The tax abatement is in place until 2014. For
federal income tax purposes, this property has a basis of
$45.6 million and is depreciated using the straight-line
method and rate over a depreciable life of 27.5 years.
Exchange at Gainesville, Gainesville, Florida. We
acquired The Exchange at Gainesville (the Exchange)
on March 29, 2005. The community is located one-quarter
mile west of the University of Florida campus in Gainesville,
Florida on a 25.9 acre site. With approximately
49,000 students, the University of Florida is now one of
the five largest universities in the nation, and the largest in
the state of Florida.
The Universitys current on-campus housing can accommodate
approximately 10,000 students. There are no on-campus housing
requirements. The on-campus facilities are currently over 100%
occupied and have remained full for the past five years. The
majority of on campus housing was built between 1906 and 1967
and offer predominantly double occupancy dorm rooms or
suite-style accommodations with semi-private baths. Limited
private bedroom and private bathroom accommodations are
available in on-campus housing. There is only one known
on-campus housing development currently planned. The university
plans to build a 676-bed apartment-style facility to cater to
graduate students by 2007.
In 2004, approximately 40,600 students (83%) lived off
campus. We believe the off-campus housing market includes nine
direct competitive communities that are new, modern student
housing that offer one, two, three and four-bedroom
accommodations, as well as single family rental homes and older
traditional multi-family communities in close proximity to
campus. The direct competitive communities are located between
0.25 and 3.0 miles from campus. Seven of these nine
properties have a more inferior location to the campus than the
Exchange. For the 2004 academic year, the competitive off-campus
student housing set of nine properties was approximately 90%
occupied, while the Exchange averaged approximately 96%
occupancy.
The property was completed in August 2002 and consists of 20
three-story garden-style residential buildings. The residential
buildings and club house are wood frame construction with an
exterior sheathing consisting of hardiboard siding with
architectural accents. The project also includes
1,112 parking spaces with bus service to campus. The
property totals approximately 383,000 rsf with
396 apartment units and 1,044 beds. Units feature
fully carpeted common and bedroom areas with ceramic tile in the
entry foyers and vinyl flooring in the bathrooms and kitchens.
The units also feature ceiling fans in each bedroom, full size
washers and dryers, white GE appliances (including microwave)
and spacious patios/ balconies. Each bedroom is hard wired for
high-speed Internet, telephone and cable television as well as
each unit is pre-wired for a monitored intrusion alarm. The
community features two pools: a large resort-style swimming pool
with a large sun deck and a smaller community pool with swim
lanes. The clubhouse contains a fully-equipped fitness center,
game room with billiards, computer lab and business center,
tanning bed and a large clubroom with big-screen TV and service
bar. Additional on-site amenities include barbeque grills,
basketball court and sand volleyball court.
86
Rental rates include water/sewer, trash, basic cable television,
Internet access and electric. The unit mix is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beds/ | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Monthly Asking | |
Unit Type |
|
No. Units | |
|
Unit | |
|
Beds | |
|
Unit SF | |
|
Total RSF | |
|
Rent/Bed* | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Four Bedroom/ Four Bath
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
1,355 |
|
|
|
48,780 |
|
|
$ |
501 |
|
Four Bedroom/ Four Bath
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
192 |
|
|
|
1,313 |
|
|
|
63,024 |
|
|
$ |
486 |
|
Three Bedroom/ Three Bath
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
1,083 |
|
|
|
25,992 |
|
|
$ |
516 |
|
Three Bedroom/ Three Bath
|
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
324 |
|
|
|
1,040 |
|
|
|
112,320 |
|
|
$ |
499 |
|
Two Bedroom/ Two Bath
|
|
|
132 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
264 |
|
|
|
807 |
|
|
|
106,524 |
|
|
$ |
532 |
|
One Bedroom/ One Bath
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
554 |
|
|
|
26,592 |
|
|
$ |
801 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
396 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,044 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
383,232 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
Asking prices for 2005/2006 academic year. |
The property is rented primarily on full-year leases running
from mid-August to mid-August. Rent is currently collected in
11 equal installments with the first and last months of
occupancy prorated based on the date of occupancy and the date
of termination of the applicable lease, respectively. The
occupancy rate was 95.6% as of March 31, 2005. As of
May 27, 2005, we have received applications with refundable
deposits for the upcoming 2005/2006 academic year for 92.0% of
the 1,032 rentable beds and executed leases for 91.6% of
the 1,032 rentable beds.
Approximately 100% of the units are estimated to be leased as
fully furnished in Fall 2005.
The purchase price for the property was approximately
$47.5 million. In addition, we anticipate spending
approximately $1.1 million in closing and other external
transactions costs, including capital expenditures necessary to
bring the property up to our operating standards. We also
anticipate spending approximately $45,000 of initial integration
expenses to bring the property up to our operating standards. We
entered into a 5.2% fixed-rate mortgage loan of
$38.8 million in connection with the acquisition of this
property, which requires monthly debt service payments
sufficient to amortize the debt over a 30-year period. The
indebtedness matures on June 1, 2015 at which time it is
scheduled to have an outstanding principal balance of
approximately $32.1 million. Voluntary prepayment is
prohibited except during the last ninety days of the term, when
prepayment may be made in whole but not in part.
We have budgeted approximately $0.1 million for capital
expenditures at this property in 2005, mostly for recurring
capital items such as carpet and furniture replacement. Real
estate taxes with a rate of 2.4% at this property totaled
approximately $0.5 million for the year ended
December 31, 2004. For federal income tax purposes, this
property has a basis of $47.5 million and is depreciated
using the straight-line method and rate over a depreciable life
of 27.5 years.
Regulation
Student housing properties are subject to various laws,
ordinances and regulations, including regulations relating to
common areas. We believe that each of the existing properties
has the necessary permits and approvals to operate its business.
Apartment community properties are subject to various laws,
ordinances and regulations, including regulations relating to
recreational facilities such as swimming pools, activity centers
and other common areas.
|
|
|
Americans With Disabilities Act and Federal Fair Housing
Act |
Many laws and governmental regulations are applicable to our
properties and changes in the laws and regulations, or their
interpretation by agencies and the courts, occur frequently. Our
properties must comply with Title III of the Americans with
Disabilities Act, or ADA, to the extent that such properties are
public accommodations as defined by the ADA. The ADA
may require removal of structural
87
barriers to access by persons with disabilities in certain
public areas of our properties where such removal is readily
achievable. We believe that the existing properties are in
substantial compliance with the ADA and that we will not be
required to make substantial capital expenditures to address the
requirements of the ADA. However, noncompliance with the ADA
could result in imposition of fines or an award of damages to
private litigants. The obligation to make readily achievable
accommodations is an ongoing one, and we will continue to assess
our properties and to make alterations as appropriate in this
respect.
Under the Federal Fair Housing Act and state fair housing laws,
discrimination on the basis of certain protected classes is
prohibited. Violation of these laws can result in significant
damage awards to victims. We have a strong policy against any
kind of discriminatory behavior and train our employees to avoid
discrimination or the appearance of discrimination. There is no
assurance, however, that an employee will not violate our policy
against discrimination and thus violate fair housing laws. This
could subject us to legal actions and the possible imposition of
damage awards.
Under various laws and regulations relating to the protection of
the environment, an owner of real estate may be held liable for
the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or
toxic substances located on or in its property. These laws often
impose liability without regard to whether the owner was
responsible for, or even knew of, the presence of such
substances. The presence of such substances may adversely affect
the owners ability to rent or sell the property or use the
property as collateral. Independent environmental consultants
conducted Phase I environmental site assessments (which
involve visual inspection but not soil or groundwater analysis)
on all of the owned off-campus properties and on-campus
participating properties in our existing portfolio. Phase I
environmental site assessments did not reveal any environmental
liabilities that would have a material adverse effect on us. In
addition, we are not aware of any environmental liabilities that
management believes would have a material adverse effect on us.
There is no assurance that Phase I environmental site
assessments would reveal all environmental liabilities or that
environmental conditions not known to us may exist now or in the
future which would result in liability to us for remediation or
fines, either under existing laws and regulations or future
changes to such requirements.
From time to time, the United States Environmental Protection
Agency, or EPA, designates certain sites affected by hazardous
substances as Superfund sites pursuant to CERCLA.
Superfund sites can cover large areas, affecting many different
parcels of land. Although CERCLA imposes joint and several
liability for contamination on property owners and operators
regardless of fault, the EPA may choose to pursue potentially
responsible parties (PRPs) based on their actual
contribution to the contamination. PRPs are liable for the costs
of responding to the hazardous substances. Each of Commons on
Apache, The Village at University and University Village at
San Bernardino (disposed of in January 2005) are located
within federal Superfund sites. The EPA designated these areas
as Superfund sites because groundwater underneath these areas is
contaminated. We have not been named, and do not expect to be
named, as a PRP with respect to these sites. However, there can
be no assurance regarding potential future developments
concerning such sites.
We cannot assure you that costs of future environmental
compliance will not affect our ability to pay distributions to
you or that such costs or other remedial measures will not be
material to us. See Risk Factors Risks Related to
the Real Estate Industry Existing conditions at some of
our properties may expose us to liability related to
environmental matters.
Insurance
We carry comprehensive liability and property insurance on our
properties, which we believe is of the type and amount
customarily obtained on real property assets. We intend to
obtain similar coverage for properties we acquire in the future.
However, there are certain types of losses, generally of a
catastrophic nature, such as losses from floods or earthquakes,
that may be subject to limitations in certain areas. When not
otherwise contractually stipulated, we exercise our judgment in
determining amounts, coverage limits
88
and deductibles, in an effort to maintain appropriate levels of
insurance on our investments. If we suffer a substantial loss,
our insurance coverage may not be sufficient due to market
conditions at the time or other unforeseen factors. Inflation,
changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental
considerations and other factors also might make it infeasible
to use insurance proceeds to replace a property after it has
been damaged or destroyed. See Risk Factors Risks
Related to the Real Estate Industry Potential losses may
not be covered by insurance.
Employees
As of March 31, 2005, we had approximately 763 employees,
consisting of:
|
|
|
|
|
approximately 226 on-site employees in our owned off-campus
properties segment, including 78 resident assistants; |
|
|
|
approximately 87 on-site employees in our on-campus
participating properties segment, including 41 resident
assistants; |
|
|
|
approximately 394 employees in our third party property
management services segment, comprised of 372 on-site employees
and resident assistants, and 22 corporate office employees; |
|
|
|
approximately 19 corporate office employees in our third
party development services segment; and |
|
|
|
approximately 37 executive, corporate administration and
financial personnel. |
Our employees are not currently represented by a labor union.
Offices and Website
Our principal executive offices are located at 805 Las
Cimas Parkway, Suite 400, Austin, Texas 78746. Our
telephone number at that location is (512) 732-1000. We
also have a regional office located at 4199 Campus Drive,
Suite 550, Irvine, California 92612 and have management
offices in each of our properties. Our website is located at
www.americancampuscommunities.com or www.studenthousing.com. The
information on our website is not part of this prospectus.
Legal Proceedings
Neither we nor our subsidiaries are currently involved in any
material litigation nor, to our managements knowledge, is
any material litigation currently threatened against us or our
subsidiaries or properties, other than routine litigation
arising in the ordinary course of business, all of which is
expected to be covered by liability insurance.
89
MANAGEMENT
Directors, Executive Officers and Senior Management
Our board of directors consists of eight members, five of whom
are classified under applicable New York Stock Exchange listing
standards as independent directors. Pursuant to our
charter, each of our directors is elected by our stockholders to
serve until the next annual meeting and until their successors
are duly elected and qualify. See Certain Provisions of
Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws Our Board of
Directors, Vacancies on Our Board of Directors and Removal of
Directors. Subject to rights granted under any employment
agreements, officers serve at the pleasure of our board of
directors.
The following table sets forth certain information concerning
the individuals who are our directors, executive officers and
certain of our other senior officers upon the consummation of
this Offering:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name |
|
Age | |
|
Position |
|
|
| |
|
|
William C. Bayless, Jr.
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director |
R.D. Burck
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
Chairman of the Board and Independent Director |
G. Steven Dawson
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
Independent Director |
Cydney Donnell
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
Independent Director |
Edward Lowenthal
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
Independent Director |
Brian B. Nickel
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and
Director |
Scott H. Rechler
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
Director |
Winston W. Walker
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
Independent Director |
Greg A. Dowell
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
Executive Vice President and Chief of Operations |
James C. Hopke, Jr.
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer |
Brian N. Winger
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
Senior Vice PresidentDevelopment |
Jason R. Wills
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
Senior Vice PresidentMarketing and Business Development |
Jonathan Graf
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer |
The following is a biographical summary of the experience of our
directors, executive officers and certain other senior officers.
William C. Bayless, Jr. has been our President and
Chief Executive Officer since October 2003. Mr. Bayless is
a co-founder of our Company and participated in the founding of
the student housing business of our Predecessor Entities.
Mr. Bayless served as Executive Vice President and Chief
Operating Officer of our Predecessor Entities from July 1995 to
September 2003, where he directed all aspects of our Predecessor
Entities business segments including business development,
development and construction management, acquisitions and
management services. He served as our Vice President of
Development from the inception of our Predecessor Entities in
1993 until July 1995. Mr. Bayless served as the Director of
Operations for Century Developments student housing
division from 1991 to 1993. From 1988 to 1991, Mr. Bayless
served as the Director of Marketing responsible for business
development and marketing for the student housing division of
Cardinal Industries. Mr. Bayless began his career in
student housing with Allen & OHara where he held
the positions of Resident Assistant, Resident Manager and Area
Marketing Coordinator from 1984 to 1988. He received a B.S. in
Business Administration from West Virginia University.
R.D. Burck has been our Chairman of the Board since
August 2004. Mr. Burck retired from the position of
chancellor of The University of Texas System in 2002. He
currently serves as the first advisory director appointed by The
University of Texas Investment Management Co., a non-profit
corporation created by the University of Texas Board of Regents
to manage the investment of all assets over which the board has
fiduciary responsibility. Mr. Burck joined the University
of Texas System in 1988 to serve as the vice
90
chancellor of business affairs and then as executive vice
chancellor for business affairs before being appointed by the
Board of Regents as interim chancellor in June 2000 and
chancellor six months later in December 2000. Mr. Burck
worked worldwide for Getty Oil Co., headquartered in Los
Angeles, from 1955 to 1984. In 1979, he was involved in the
creation and served as director, as well as vice president, of
ESPN, the first cable TV sports network. Mr. Burck is
currently a member of the board of directors of infiNET, Inc.
and Celo Data, Inc., and is a Senior Client Advocate for Willis
Group Holdings. He also serves on the advisory boards for Frost
Bank, G51 Capital Management, L.L.C. and Patton Medical Devices.
In addition, Mr. Burck serves on The Headliners Club Board
of Trustees. He also has been a member of the board of the Texas
Department of Information Resources, the board of the Texas
Life, Accident, Health, the board of Hospital Service Insurance
Guaranty Association, the formal advisory committee of the Texas
Higher Education Coordinating Board, and the advisory council of
the U.T. Austin College of Natural Sciences. Mr. Burck is a
former director of the National Conference of Christians and
Jews, and a former member of the board of directors of the
American Cancer Society. Mr. Burck graduated from The
University of Texas at Austin with a B.B.A. He also attended the
South Texas School of Law in Houston.
G. Steven Dawson has served on our board of directors
since August 2004. He has primarily been a private investor
since 2003 and from 1990 to 2003 he served as the Chief
Financial Officer of Camden Property Trust (NYSE: CPT) and its
predecessors. Camden is a large multifamily REIT based in
Houston with apartment operations, construction and development
activities throughout the United States. Mr. Dawson serves
on the boards of Trustreet Properties, Inc. (NYSE: TSY), the
largest restaurant REIT in the U.S.; Sunset Financial Resources,
Inc. (NYSE: SFO), a mortgage REIT; AmREIT (AMEX: AMY), a retail
property REIT; and Desert Capital REIT, Inc., an unlisted,
public mortgage REIT. In addition, Mr. Dawson is on the
board of Medical Properties Trust, a private REIT, and on boards
of various private charities and civic organizations and has
other private interests. Mr. Dawson holds a degree in
business from Texas A&M University.
Cydney Donnell has served on our board of directors since
August 2004. She has been an Executive Professor at the Mays
Business School of Texas A&M University since August 2004,
where she teaches in the Finance Department. Ms. Donnell
joined the Mays School in January of 2004 as a Visiting
Lecturer. Ms. Donnell was formerly a principal and Managing
Director of European Investors/ E.I.I. Realty Securities, Inc.
Ms. Donnell served in various capacities at EII and was
Chair of the Investment Committee from 2002 to 2003, the Head of
the Real Estate Securities Group and Portfolio Manager from 1992
to 2002 and Vice-President and Analyst from 1986 to 1992. Prior
to joining EII, she was a real estate lending officer at
RepublicBanc Corporation in Dallas from 1983 to 1986.
Ms. Donnell has served on the Board of Directors of
European Investors Holding Company since 1992 and also currently
serves on the Board of Directors of Madison Harbor Balanced
Strategies Inc., a closed-end investment fund registered under
the Investment Company Act of 1940. Ms. Donnell has served
on the Board and Institutional Advisory Committee of NAREIT. She
is an active volunteer currently serving on the Board of
Directors of the Association of Former Students of Texas A&M
University and served in various leadership capacities for the
Junior League of the City of New York. Ms. Donnell received
a B.B.A. from Texas A&M University and an M.B.A. from
Southern Methodist University.
Edward Lowenthal has served on our board of directors
since August 2004. He has been President of Ackerman Management
LLC since April 2002, a private investment management and
advisory company with particular focus on real estate and other
asset-based investments. Mr. Lowenthal was a founder and
served as the President of Wellsford Real Properties, Inc.
(AMEX: WRP) from 1997 until 2002, which manages primarily
multifamily and office properties as well as real estate debt
held directly and through joint ventures with institutional
partners. He continues to serve as a Director of Wellsford Real
Properties, Inc. Mr. Lowenthal was a Founder, Trustee and
President of Wellsford Residential Property Trust, a NYSE listed
multi-family real estate investment trust, until May 1997 when
it was merged into Equity Residential. Mr. Lowenthal has
more than 30 years of real estate and merger and
acquisition experience in both public and private entities.
Mr. Lowenthal serves as a Trustee of Omega Healthcare
Investors, Inc. (NYSE: OHI), as a director of Ark Restaurants
(NASDAQ: ARKR), as a director of Reis, Inc., a
91
privately held real estate information and analytics provider
and as a director of Desarrolladora Homex, S.A. de C.V., a
vertically integrated home development company focusing on
affordable entry level and middle income housing in Mexico.
Mr. Lowenthal serves as a Trustee of The Manhattan School
of Music and serves on its Finance and Executive Committees and
chairs its New Building Committee. He served as a member of the
Board of Governors of NAREIT from 1992-2000. He received a B.A.
degree from Case Western Reserve University and a J.D. degree
from Georgetown University Law Center, where he was an editor of
the Georgetown University Law Journal.
Brian B. Nickel has served on our board of directors
since August 2004. He served as our Executive Vice President,
Chief Investment Officer and Secretary from October 2003 until
May 2005 and Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
and Secretary since May 2005. Mr. Nickel joined our
Predecessor Entities in June 1996 as Director of Business
Development and has served in various capacities during his
tenure. Prior to this time, Mr. Nickel held positions in
the investment banking firms of Kidder, Peabody Company and with
the corporate finance group of LaSalle Partners. Mr. Nickel
received a B.S. in Economics from Northwestern University.
Scott H. Rechler has served on our board of directors
since August 2004. He has been Chief Executive Officer and
President of Reckson Associates Realty Corp. (NYSE: RA) since
December 2003, served as Co-Chief Executive Officer of Reckson
from May 1999 until December 2003, serves as the Chairman of the
Executive Committee of the Board of Directors of Reckson and has
served as a director of Reckson since its formation. He served
as President of Reckson from February 1997 to May 2001 and
served as Chief Operating Officer of Reckson from its formation
until May 1999. Mr. Rechler is a member of the Board of
Directors of the Long Island Childrens Museum and is a
member of the Board of Governors of NAREIT. Since 1997,
Mr. Rechler has served as Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board of Directors of Frontline Capital Group,
and also served as the non-executive Chairman of the Board of
Directors and as former interim executive officer of HQ Global
Holdings, Inc. Mr. Rechler is a graduate of Clark
University and received a Masters Degree in Finance with a
specialization in real estate from New York University.
Winston W. Walker has served on our board of directors
since August 2004. He has been President and Chief Executive
Officer of Walker & Associates since 1993, which
provides strategic consultation primarily to clients in the
healthcare and insurance industries. From 1987 until October
1993, Mr. Walker served as the Chief Executive Officer of
Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company of America.
Mr. Walker is currently a member of the board of directors
and the audit committee chair of CBL & Associates
Properties, Inc. (NYSE: CBL) and a member of the board of
directors of MRI Medical. Mr. Walker received a B.A. in
Russian from Tulane University and a Ph.D. in mathematics from
the University of Georgia.
Greg A. Dowell has served as our Executive Vice President
and Chief of Operations since May 2005, and served as our Senior
Vice President and Chief of Operations from August 2004 until
May 2005. Mr. Dowell joined the Predecessor Entities in
October 2001 as Senior Vice President Management Services.
Prior to this, Mr. Dowell was employed by Century
Development from 1991 to 2001 where he began his tenure as
accountant and ultimately served as Senior Vice President over
the operations of their 29 property student housing portfolio.
Mr. Dowell received a B.S. in accounting from the
University of Louisiana, Lafayette and is a Certified Public
Accountant.
James C. Hopke has served as our Executive Vice President
and Chief Investment Officer since May 2005. From November 2002
to April 2005, Mr. Hopke served as Vice President, Asset
Management and Advisory Services of Wachovia Securities. From
February 2000 to November 2002, he served as Senior Vice
President, Acquisitions of our Predecessor Entities.
Mr. Hopke received a B.S. in administrative management from
Clemson University.
Brian N. Winger serves as our Senior Vice
PresidentDevelopment. Mr. Winger joined us in March
2000 as DirectorOn-Campus Development and has since served
in increasing capacities and was promoted to Senior Vice
PresidentDevelopment in October 2003. Prior to joining us,
Mr. Winger was the Chief Operating Officer with Aspen Gold
Development Company (a private real estate developer) from 1999
to
92
2000. From 1996 to 1999, he was an endowment development officer
and ultimately served as General Counsel for Oklahoma Christian
University. From 1994 to 1996, Mr. Winger was a real estate
analyst with Kabili & Company. Mr. Winger received
a J.D. from Oklahoma City University and a B.S. in
history/pre-law from Oklahoma Christian University in 1990.
Mr. Winger is a licensed attorney in Oklahoma and a real
estate broker licensed to practice in Oklahoma and Colorado.
Jason R. Wills serves as our Senior Vice
PresidentMarketing and Business Development.
Mr. Wills joined us in February 1997 as
ManagerMarketing and Leasing and has served in increasing
capacities, achieving his current position of Senior Vice
PresidentMarketing and Business Development in October of
2003. Mr. Wills served as Vice President of On-Campus
Business Development from 1999 through 2003. Mr. Wills
began his career in student housing with Century Development,
where he held the positions of Resident Assistant and Marketing
Coordinator in 1993. Mr. Wills attended the University of
Texas, Arlington, where he studied Journalism and Marketing.
Jonathan Graf has served as our Senior Vice President,
Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer since May 2005, and
served as our Vice President and Controller from October 2004
until May 2005. From September 1994 to September 2004, he served
in various capacities at Southern Union Company, most recently
as Vice President and Controller. From 1988 until 1994, he was
an audit manager and information systems auditor at
Ernst & Young LLP. Mr. Graf received a B.A. in
accounting from Texas A&M University and is a Certified
Public Accountant.
Board Committees
The current members of the audit committee are
Messrs. Dawson (Chairman), Burck and Walker. Each member of
the audit committee satisfies the requirements for independence
set forth in Rule 10A-3(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 and the New York Stock Exchanges listing
standards. The board of directors, after reviewing all of the
applicable facts, circumstances and attributes, has determined
that Mr. Dawson is an audit committee financial
expert, as such term is defined in Item 401(h) of
Regulation S-K.
The audit committees responsibilities include assisting
the board in overseeing the integrity of our financial
statements, compliance with legal and regulatory requirements,
the independent auditors qualifications and independence
and the performance of our independent auditors. In addition,
the audit committee reviews, as it deems appropriate, the
adequacy of our systems of disclosure controls and internal
controls regarding financial reporting and accounting. In
accordance with its charter, the audit committee has the sole
authority to appoint and replace the independent auditors, who
report directly to the audit committee, approve the engagement
fee of the independent auditors and pre-approve the audit
services and any permitted non-audit services that the
independent auditors may provide to us. The responsibilities of
our audit committee are more specifically set forth in the audit
committee charter, which is available on our website. See
Where You Can Find More Information.
Subject to the supervision and oversight of the board of
directors, the executive committee, which consists of
Mr. Bayless (Chairman), Ms. Donnell, Mr. Nickel
and Mr. Rechler, has the authority to approve, with
limitations, our acquisitions, financings and dispositions and
to authorize the execution, with limitations, of certain
contracts and agreements, including those relating to our
borrowing of money and to exercise generally all other powers of
the board, except for those that require action by all directors
or the non-employee directors under our charter or bylaws or
applicable law.
The current members of the compensation committee are
Messrs. Walker (Chairman), Dawson and Lowenthal. Each
member of the compensation committee satisfies the requirements
for independence set
93
forth in the New York Stock Exchanges listing standards.
The compensation committee operates under a written charter,
which is reviewed and assessed for adequacy on an annual basis.
A copy of the charter is available on our website. See
Where You Can Find More Information. The
compensation committees responsibilities include
overseeing our compensation programs and practices and
determining compensation for the executive officers.
|
|
|
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee |
The current members of the nominating and corporate governance
committee are Mr. Lowenthal (Chairman), Mr. Burck and
Ms. Donnell. Each member of the nominating and corporate
governance committee satisfies the requirements for independence
set forth in the New York Stock Exchanges listing
standards. The nominating and corporate governance committee
operates under a written charter, which is reviewed and assessed
for adequacy on an annual basis. A copy of the charter is
available on our website. See Where You Can Find More
Information. The responsibilities of the nominating and
corporate governance committee include assisting the board in
promoting our and our stockholders best interests through
the implementation of sound corporate governance principals and
practices. The nominating and corporate governance committee is
also responsible for (i) identifying individuals qualified
to become board members, consistent with criteria approved by
the board, and recommending to the board the director nominees
for the next annual meeting of stockholders,
(ii) developing and recommending to the board a set of
corporate governance principles, and (iii) overseeing the
evaluation of the board and our management.
Our board of directors may from time to time establish certain
other committees to facilitate the management of our operations
and may change the responsibilities of the boards existing
committees.
Compensation of Directors
Each director who is not an employee of us or our subsidiaries
receives an annual fee of $25,000 for services as a director,
payable quarterly. The Chairman of the Board receives an
additional annual fee of $25,000, but is not entitled to receive
any other committee meeting fees. Directors who serve on the
audit committee, executive committee, nominating and corporate
governance committee and/or compensation committee receive a fee
of $2,000 for each committee meeting attended in person or
$1,000 for each committee meeting attended by conference
telephone or similar communications equipment, except that in
lieu of such meeting fee for audit committee meetings, the
chairman of the audit committee receives a monthly fee of
$2,000. Messrs. Bayless and Nickel do not receive
compensation for their services as directors.
Our 2004 incentive award plan provides for formula grants of
restricted stock units to non-employee directors. On the closing
date of the IPO, each non-employee director received 1,429
restricted stock units, valued at $17.50, the initial public
offering price, or an aggregate of $25,000. Thereafter, on the
date of each annual meeting of stockholders at which each
non-employee director is re-elected to the board of directors,
each non-employee director receives $25,000 of restricted stock
units valued at 100% of the fair market value of our common
stock on the date of grant. Similarly, each non-employee
director who is initially elected to the board of directors
receives $25,000 of restricted stock units on the date of such
initial election and $25,000 of restricted stock units on the
date of each annual meeting of stockholders at which the
non-employee director is re-elected to the board of directors,
in each case valued at 100% of the fair market value of our
common stock on the date of grant. Shares underlying restricted
stock units granted to directors will be settled, in accordance
with the terms of the 2004 incentive award plan, on the third
anniversary of the date of the grant. Dividends accrue on the
restricted stock units, without interest, equal to the cash
dividends we pay on our common stock. Mr. Rechler waived
receipt of any director compensation until such time as he was
re-elected to the board by our stockholders, which occurred in
May 2005. A total of 14,375 restricted stock units have been
issued to non-employee directors, all of which are currently
outstanding.
94
Members of the board of directors also are reimbursed for travel
expenses incurred in connection with our business, including
attendance at meetings of the board and its committees.
Additionally, members of the board of directors are provided
with liability insurance coverage for their activities as our
directors.
Guidelines on Governance and Codes of Ethics
During 2004, the board adopted Guidelines on Governance to
address significant corporate governance issues. These
guidelines provide a framework for our corporate governance
initiatives and cover a variety of topics, including the role of
our board, board selection and composition, board committees,
board operation and structure, board orientation and evaluation,
board planning and oversight functions and executive share
ownership. The nominating and corporate governance committee is
responsible for overseeing and reviewing the guidelines and
reporting and recommending to the board any changes to the
guidelines.
Also during 2004, the board adopted a Code of Business Conduct
and Ethics, which is designed to help officers, managers and
employees resolve ethical issues in an increasingly complex
business environment. It covers topics such as reporting
unethical or illegal behavior, compliance with law, share
trading, conflicts of interest, fair dealing, protection of our
assets, disclosure of proprietary information, internal
controls, personal community activities, business records,
communication with external audiences and obtaining assistance
to help resolve ethical issues. The board also adopted a Code of
Ethical Conduct for Senior Financial Officers, which is
applicable to our principal executive officer, principal
financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller
and persons performing similar functions.
You may obtain a copy of the committee charters, Guidelines on
Governance, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Code of
Ethical Conduct for Senior Financial Officers on our website.
See Where You Can Find More Information.
Executive Officer Compensation
The following table sets forth information regarding the
compensation awarded for the past three fiscal years by us and
our subsidiaries (i) to our Chief Executive Officer and
(ii) to each of our next four most highly compensated key
executive officers at December 31, 2004 (this group is
referred to as the Named Executive Officers):
Summary Compensation Table
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-Term | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compensation | |
|
|
|
|
Annual Compensation | |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Restricted Stock | |
Name and Principal Position |
|
Year | |
|
Salary | |
|
Bonus | |
|
Awards (1) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
William C. Bayless, Jr.
|
|
|
2004 |
|
|
$ |
253,333 |
|
|
$ |
130,000 |
|
|
$ |
300,000 |
|
|
Chief Executive Officer and President |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
210,000 |
|
|
|
80,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
|
80,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
Brian B. Nickel
|
|
|
2004 |
|
|
|
210,333 |
|
|
|
115,000 |
|
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
175,000 |
|
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
and Secretary |
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
153,500 |
|
|
|
155,440 |
|
|
|
|
|
Mark J. Hager(2)
|
|
|
2004 |
|
|
|
162,944 |
|
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
|
150,000 |
|
|
Former Executive Vice President, Chief |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
132,500 |
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial and Accounting Officer and Treasurer |
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
128,116 |
|
|
|
40,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
Greg A. Dowell
|
|
|
2004 |
|
|
|
130,000 |
|
|
|
40,000 |
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
Executive Vice President and Chief of Operations |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
124,000 |
|
|
|
25,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
120,000 |
|
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
Ronnie L. Macejewski(2)
|
|
|
2004 |
|
|
|
126,690 |
|
|
|
25,000 |
|
|
|
24,000 |
|
|
Former Senior Vice President Development |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
123,000 |
|
|
|
90,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
and Construction |
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
118,976 |
|
|
|
48,810 |
|
|
|
|
|
95
|
|
(1) |
Represents the value, as of February 16, 2005, the date of
grant, of restricted stock awards to the Named Executive
Officers. Awards to Messrs. Bayless, Nickel and Hager vest
in five equal annual installments beginning on February 28,
2006. Awards to Messrs. Dowell and Macejewski vest in three
equal annual installments beginning on February 28, 2006,
and were forfeited on the date of termination of employment.
Dividends on restricted stock awards are paid at the same rate
and time as paid to holders of our common stock. No stock
appreciation rights were granted and no long-term incentive plan
payouts were made in 2004, 2003 or 2002. |
|
(2) |
Mr. Macejewski resigned in April 2005 and Mr. Hager
resigned as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial and
Accounting Officer and Treasurer in May 2005 and will resign as
an employee on June 30, 2005. |
Option Grants in 2004
We did not grant any options in 2004.
Aggregated Option Exercises in 2004 and 2004 Year-End
Values
There were no options or stock appreciation rights exercised
during 2004 or outstanding at December 31, 2004.
Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards in Last Fiscal Year
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Performances | |
|
Estimated Future Payouts | |
|
|
Number of | |
|
or Other | |
|
Under Non-Stock Price-Based Plans | |
|
|
Shares, | |
|
Period Until | |
|
| |
|
|
Units or | |
|
Maturation | |
|
Threshold | |
|
Target | |
|
Maximum | |
Name |
|
Other Rights | |
|
or Payout | |
|
(# of Shares) | |
|
(# of Shares) | |
|
(# of Shares) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
William C. Bayless, Jr.
|
|
|
48,400 |
|
|
|
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
48,400 |
|
|
|
48,400 |
|
|
PIU Award
|
|
|
110,305 |
|
|
|
8/17/07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
110,305 |
|
|
|
110,305 |
|
|
Outperformance Award(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brian B. Nickel
|
|
|
29,040 |
|
|
|
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29,040 |
|
|
|
29,040 |
|
|
PIU Award
|
|
|
66,183 |
|
|
|
8/17/07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
66,183 |
|
|
|
66,183 |
|
|
Outperformance Award(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mark J. Hager
|
|
|
12,100 |
|
|
|
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,100 |
|
|
|
12,100 |
|
|
PIU Award
|
|
|
29,415 |
|
|
|
8/17/07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29,415 |
|
|
|
29,415 |
|
|
Outperformance Award(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Greg A. Dowell
|
|
|
10,890 |
|
|
|
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,890 |
|
|
|
10,890 |
|
|
PIU Award
|
|
|
29,415 |
|
|
|
8/17/07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29,415 |
|
|
|
29,415 |
|
|
Outperformance Award(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ronnie L. Macejewski
|
|
|
9,074 |
|
|
|
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,074 |
|
|
|
9,074 |
|
|
PIU Award
|
|
|
18,384 |
|
|
|
8/17/07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,384 |
|
|
|
18,384 |
|
|
Outperformance Award(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
See discussion of Profits Interest Units below. |
|
(2) |
See discussion of Outperformance Award below. |
|
|
|
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units |
Under our 2004 incentive award plan, our compensation committee
may award restricted shares of our common stock and restricted
stock units to directors, executive officers and eligible
employees, subject to conditions and restrictions determined by
our compensation committee. Restricted stock units are
essentially the same as restricted stock, except that instead of
actual shares, restricted stock units represent a promise to pay
out shares at some future date. Restricted stock units have a
tax advantage over restricted stock because the recipient is not
taxed at the time of vesting (as with restricted stock) but only
when the shares are actually received.
96
PIUs are a special class of partnership interests in the
Operating Partnership. Each PIU awarded is deemed equivalent to
an award of one share of our common stock under our 2004
incentive award plan, reducing availability for other equity
awards on a one-for-one basis. PIUs, whether vested or not,
receive the same quarterly per unit distributions as holders of
our common stock receive. This treatment with respect to
quarterly distributions is similar to the treatment of
restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. We have
issued 121,000 PIUs to certain of our current and former key
employees. PIUs are automatically convertible into an equal
number of common units of the Operating Partnership once the
PIUs achieve full parity with common units on account of certain
book-up events. The common units are redeemable for cash based
upon the fair market value of an equivalent number of shares of
our common stock, or, at our election, an equal number of shares
of our common stock.
Book-up events will occur upon a contribution of cash or
property to the Operating Partnership, including contributions
by us of the proceeds from future issuances of securities, or
upon certain distributions of cash or property by the Operating
Partnership to one or more partners of the Operating
Partnership. The consummation of this Offering will constitute a
book-up event and the holders of the outstanding PIUs will
achieve parity with the common stock at such time.
Holders of the PIUs are entitled to customary registration
rights, including demand and piggyback registration rights, with
respect to the shares of our common stock that may be received
by the PIU holders upon a conversion/exchange of the PIUs in
accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement. We will
bear all fees, costs and expenses of such registrations, other
than underwriting discounts and commissions.
The grant or vesting of PIUs is not expected to be a taxable
transaction to recipients. Therefore, a recipient who wishes to
hold incentive equity awards for the long term may be able to do
so more efficiently with PIUs and ultimately enjoy a greater
after-tax return when disposing of them. Conversely, we will not
receive any tax deduction for compensation expense from the
grant of PIUs.
Upon the consummation of the IPO, we granted a special award of
a bonus pool equal to the value on the date of vesting of
367,682 shares of our common stock to executive officers
and certain key employees, subject to continued service and
attainment of certain performance measures. Subsequent to the
IPO, 53,008 shares became eligible for regrant as result of
former recipients termination of employment and were
regranted to certain other executive officers and key employees.
No dividends or dividend equivalent payments accrue with respect
to the shares of our common stock underlying this bonus pool.
Vesting of the awards will occur on August 17, 2007, the
third anniversary of the IPO, provided that the employees have
maintained continued service and that at least one performance
measure, as outlined in the plan, has been achieved. These
performance measures include: (i) a total return on our
common stock of at least 25% per year from August 17,
2004 through the vesting date (the Primary Performance
Measure), or (ii) a total return on our common stock
of at least 12% per annum from August 17, 2004 through
the vesting date, and such return is at or above the 60th
percentile of the total return achieved by peer
companies during the same period (the Alternate
Performance Measure).
Payments of vested awards will be made within 120 days of
vesting. Such payments will be paid in cash. However, the
compensation committee may, in its sole discretion, elect to pay
such an award through the issuance of shares of common stock,
PIUs or similar securities (provided that such issuance will not
result in any recognition of taxable income by the recipient),
valued at the date of issuance. Because the achievement of the
required performance measures is considered to be remote as of
December 31, 2004 and March 31, 2005, nothing was
reflected in the consolidated financial statements at such dates
related to these awards.
In the event of a change of control of us, or termination of
employment other than for cause or by a designated
recipient for good reason, the award will be fully
vested at that time (with the value of the
97
bonus pool to be determined at that time for any affected award
recipient) if the Primary Performance Measure has been achieved.
Otherwise, a portion (but not less than 50%) of the special
award (equal to the portion of the initial 3-year vesting period
that has elapsed) will be vested at that time if the Alternate
Performance Measure has been achieved.
We have employment agreements in effect with
Messrs. Bayless, Nickel, Dowell and Hopke that provide that
during the term of the respective agreement, the
executives base salary will not be reduced and that the
executive will remain eligible for participation in our
executive compensation and benefit programs. The employment
agreements provide for Mr. Bayless to serve as a member of
our board and President and Chief Executive Officer,
Mr. Nickel to serve as a member of our board and Executive
Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary,
Mr. Dowell to serve as Executive Vice President and Chief
of Operations and Mr. Hopke to serve as Executive Vice
President and Chief Investment Officer. The term of each
agreement ends upon an executives termination of
employment as discussed below.
The employment agreements provide for, among other things:
(i) an annual base salary of $300,000 for Mr. Bayless,
$250,000 for Mr. Nickel and $175,000 for each of
Messrs. Dowell and Hopke, subject in each case to increase
in accordance with our normal executive compensation practices;
(ii) eligibility for annual cash bonus awards determined by
the compensation committee or in the event that we have a formal
annual bonus plan for other senior executives, the bonus will be
determined in accordance with the terms of the bonus plan on the
same basis as other of our senior executives (with appropriate
adjustments due to title and salary); (iii) in the case of
Messrs. Bayless, Nickel and Dowell, a PIU grant, which was
immediately vested; (iv) eligibility to receive an
outperformance award subject to the terms and conditions of our
2004 Outperformance Bonus Program; and (v) participation in
other employee benefit plans applicable generally to our senior
executives.
Under the terms of the respective employment agreements, as of
the consummation of our IPO, Messrs. Bayless, Nickel and
Dowell were issued 48,400, 29,040 and 10,890 PIUs, respectively,
valued at $847,000, $508,200 and $190,575, respectively, based
on the value of the common stock at the time of the IPO. These
PIUs represent a 0.40%, 0.24% and 0.09% limited partnership
interests in the Operating Partnership for Messrs. Bayless,
Nickel and Dowell, respectively. The PIUs are not subject to any
vesting period or requirement.
Each employment agreement provides that the respective executive
may terminate the agreement at any time by delivering written
notice of termination to us at least 30 days prior to the
effective date of such termination, in which case he will be
entitled to payment of his base salary through the effective
date of termination, plus all other benefits to which he has a
vested right at that time. Additionally, each employment
agreement provides that he may terminate the agreement for
good reason, which is defined in the employment
agreement, in general, as any substantial change in the nature
of his employment by us without his express written consent; the
requirement that he be based at a location at least
50 miles further than from his current principal location
of employment; any failure by us to obtain a satisfactory
agreement from any successor to assume the terms of the
employment agreement; and a breach by us of any material
provision of the employment agreement.
The employment agreements provide that, if we terminate an
executives employment without cause or by
executive terminates the employment agreement for good
reason (each as defined in the applicable employment
agreement), the executive will be entitled to the following
payments and benefits, subject to his execution and
non-revocation of a general release of claims: (i) a cash
payment equal to 299% for Mr. Bayless, 200% for
Mr. Nickel and 100% for Messrs. Dowell and Hopke, in
each case times the sum of his then-current annual base salary
plus the average annual bonus paid or payable in respect of the
last prior three years, payable over the remaining term of his
non-competition agreement; (ii) his prorated annual bonus
for the year in which the termination occurs; and
(iii) health benefits for the remaining term of his
non-competition agreement following the executives
termination of employment at the same cost to the executive as
in effect immediately preceding such termination, subject to
reduction to the extent that
98
the executive receives comparable benefits from a subsequent
employer. Additionally, the employment agreements provide for
excise tax equalization payments.
|
|
|
Non-Competition Agreements |
We have entered into non-competition agreements with
Messrs. Bayless, Nickel, Dowell and Hopke, which survive
the termination of the executives employment for two
years, unless his employment is terminated by us without cause,
by the executive with good reason or by the executive for any
reason prior to the first anniversary of a change in control of
us, in which case the agreement will survive for one year after
his termination. Pursuant to each agreement, each of
Messrs. Bayless, Nickel, Dowell and Hopke agreed not to
(i) conduct, directly or indirectly, any business involving
the development, acquisition, sale or management of facilities
whose primary function and purpose is student housing and/or the
provision of third party student housing services to providers
of student housing, whether such business is conducted by them
individually or as principal, partner, officer, director,
consultant, employee, stockholder or manager of any person,
partnership, corporation, limited liability company or any other
entity; or (ii) own interests in student housing properties
that are competitive, directly or indirectly, with any business
carried on by us or our successors, subsidiaries and affiliates.
In addition, the members of our senior management who are
receiving grants of our common stock as well as any other
employees receiving grants of or options for our common stock
will be required to execute a Restricted Stock Grant
Notice or similar notice, which will include substantially
similar non-competition provisions. The executive agreed to
comply with all obligations under the non-competition agreement
and further agreed that the non-competition agreement will
survive any termination of the respective employment agreement
or the executives employment, or subsequent service
relationship with us, if any.
|
|
|
Indemnification Agreements |
We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our
executive officers and directors, which are described below.
If a director or executive officer is a party or is threatened
to be made a party to any proceeding, other than a proceeding by
or in the right of us, by reason of such directors or
executive officers status as a director, officer or
employee of us, we must indemnify such director or executive
officer for all expenses and liabilities actually and reasonably
incurred by him or her, or on his or her behalf, unless it has
been established that:
|
|
|
|
|
the act or omission of the director or executive officer was
material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was
committed in bad faith or was the result of active and
deliberate dishonesty; |
|
|
|
the director or executive officer actually received an improper
personal benefit in money, property or other services; or |
|
|
|
with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, the director
or executive officer had reasonable cause to believe that his or
her conduct was unlawful. |
If a director or executive officer is a party or is threatened
to be made a party to any proceeding by or in the right of us to
procure a judgment in our favor by reason of such
directors or executive officers status as a
director, officer or employee of us, we must indemnify such
director or executive officer for all expenses and liabilities
actually and reasonably incurred by him or her, or on his or her
behalf, unless it has been established that:
|
|
|
|
|
the act or omission of the director or executive officer was
material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was
committed in bad faith or was the result of active and
deliberate dishonesty; or |
|
|
|
the director or executive officer actually received an improper
personal benefit in money, property or other services; |
99
provided, however, that we will have no obligation to indemnify
such director or executive officer for all expenses and
liabilities actually and reasonably incurred by him or her, or
on his or her behalf, if it has been adjudged that such director
or executive officer is liable to us with respect to such
proceeding.
Upon application of a director or executive officer to a court
of appropriate jurisdiction, the court may order indemnification
of such director or executive officer if:
|
|
|
|
|
the court determines that such director or executive officer is
entitled to indemnification under the applicable section of the
laws of the state of Maryland or Maryland law (which includes
without limitation, Maryland General Corporation Law, as
amended), in which case the director or executive officer shall
be entitled to recover from us the expenses of securing such
indemnification; or |
|
|
|
the court determines that such director or executive officer is
fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification in view of all
of the relevant circumstances, whether or not the director or
executive officer has met the standards of conduct set forth in
the applicable section of Maryland law or has been adjudged
liable for receipt of an improper personal benefit under the
applicable section of Maryland law; provided, however, that our
indemnification obligations to such director or executive
officer will be limited to the expenses actually and reasonably
incurred by him or her, or on his or her behalf, in connection
with any proceeding by or in the right of our Company or in
which the officer or director shall have been adjudged liable
for receipt of an improper personal benefit under the applicable
section of Maryland law. |
Notwithstanding, and without limiting, any other provisions of
the agreements, if a director or executive officer is a party or
is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding by reason of
such directors or executive officers status as a
director, officer or employee, and such director or executive
officer is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to one or
more but less than all claims, issues or matters in such
proceeding, we must indemnify such director or executive officer
for all expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or her,
or on his or her behalf, in connection with each successfully
resolved claim, issue or matter, including any claim, issue or
matter in such a proceeding that is terminated by dismissal,
with or without prejudice.
We must pay all indemnifiable expenses in advance of the final
disposition of any proceeding if the director or executive
officer furnishes us with a written affirmation of the
directors or executive officers good faith belief
that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by us
has been met and a written undertaking to reimburse us if a
court of competent jurisdiction determines that the director or
executive officer is not entitled to indemnification.
We must pay all indemnifiable expenses to the director or
executive officer within 20 calendar days following the date the
director or executive officer submits proof of the expenses to
us.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act, may be permitted to directors, officers or
persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing
provisions, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion
of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification
is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and
is therefore unenforceable.
|
|
|
Equity Compensation Plan Information |
We have adopted the 2004 incentive award plan, which provides
for the grant to our and our affiliates selected employees
and directors of stock options, PIUs, restricted stock units,
restricted stock and other stock-based incentive awards. We have
reserved a total of 1,210,000 shares of common stock for
issuance
100
pursuant to this plan, subject to certain adjustments for
changes in our capital structure. As of December 31, 2004,
the total units and shares issued under this plan were as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of | |
|
Weighted- | |
|
|
|
|
Securities to be | |
|
Average Exercise | |
|
Number of | |
|
|
Issued Upon | |
|
Price of | |
|
Securities | |
|
|
Exercise of | |
|
Outstanding | |
|
Remaining Available | |
|
|
Outstanding | |
|
Options, | |
|
for Future Issuance | |
|
|
Options, Warrants | |
|
Warrants and | |
|
Under Equity | |
Plan Category |
|
and Rights | |
|
Rights | |
|
Compensation Plans | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders(2)
|
|
|
7,145 |
(1) |
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
|
1,202,855 |
|
Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
(1) |
Consists of restricted stock units granted to non-employee
directors other than Mr. Rechler in connection with our IPO. |
|
(2) |
Does not include 121,000 PIUs and 367,682 common stock
awards in the form of an outperformance bonus plan. Upon the
occurrence of certain events or the achievement of certain
performance measures, these awards will be paid to the
recipients in either stock or cash, at the discretion of the
compensation committee of the board of directors. If these
awards were included in the above table, as of December 31,
2004 we would have 714,173 shares available for future
issuance under the 2004 incentive award plan. |
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider
Participation
None of our executive officers serve as a member of the board of
directors or compensation committee of any entity that has an
executive officer serving as a member of our board of directors
or compensation committee.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Prior to the Formation Transactions, most of the interests in
our off-campus properties were owned by RAP SHP, which was
wholly-owned by Reckson Asset Partners, LLC (RAP),
which is owned indirectly by Reckson Associates Realty Corp.
(Reckson) and Reckson Strategic Ventures
Partnership, LLC (RSVP). RSVP owned a 67% interest
in RAP and, prior to the IPO, was our sole stockholder. Scott
Rechler is a member of our board of directors and also the Chief
Executive Officer and President of Reckson and the Chief
Executive Officer and sole director of FrontLine Capital Group.
We understand that FrontLine is the indirect parent of RSVP and
Reckson is the indirect non-controlling minority owner of RAP
and the largest creditor of FrontLine. In 2002, FrontLine filed
for protection from creditors under the federal bankruptcy laws.
In connection with the IPO and the Formation Transactions, the
former owners of our properties received material benefits,
including:
|
|
|
|
|
RAP received a cash payment of approximately $78.5 million
for the redemption of its interests in RAP SHP. Additionally,
RAP received a final working capital distribution from cash on
hand of $1.5 million and $0.2 million in budgeted
development fees relating to the construction properties to be
paid from the remaining construction budgets. |
|
|
|
RAP SHP and an affiliate of RSVP distributed their interests in
the entities owning The Village at Riverside to an affiliate of
RAP and RSVP, and RAP SHP maintained its guaranty of certain
contingent obligations of RAP and RSVP under the non-recourse
indebtedness encumbering this property. Subsequent to the IPO,
the property was foreclosed upon by the lender. |
|
|
|
RAP SHP distributed to entities affiliated with RSVP, RAP and
other persons certain assets that we considered to be unrelated
to its core business, including a fee title to a parcel of
commercially-zoned land that is adjacent to the University
Village at San Bernardino and interests |
101
|
|
|
|
|
in entities that previously developed a residential condominium
project adjacent to University Village at Boulder Creek and that
currently own one remaining condominium unit in that project. |
|
|
|
RAP and RSVP were entitled to $0.4 million, which was paid
in February 2005, of savings in the budgeted completion cost of
our three owned off-campus construction properties that were
completed in Fall 2004, as well as $0.9 million, which was
paid in November 2004, of insurance proceeds that we received
with respect to the fire at University Village at Fresno.
Additionally, upon completion of the construction at University
Village at TU, RAP was entitled to receive $0.5 million
relating to a construction guarantee fee, which was paid from
the remaining construction budget in September 2004. |
|
|
|
RSVP granted us an option to acquire its indirect 23% ownership
interest in Dobie Center at a price based on a
$52.0 million valuation of the property less the then
outstanding debt. The option expires in August 2008 but may
expire earlier if title to Dobie Center is transferred to a
third party. |
|
|
|
Reckson and RSVP, through their respective ownership interests
in RAP, were entitled to participate in the benefits realized by
RAP described above. |
|
|
|
We agreed to nominate Mr. Rechler to be a director of our
board of directors at our next two annual meetings, subject to
his consent and eligibility to serve. Mr. Rechler agreed to
waive receipt of any director compensation until such time as he
was reelected by our stockholders, which occurred in May 2005. |
One of our indirect wholly owned subsidiaries provides customary
property management services to Dobie Center and serves as
exclusive leasing agent for the commercial space at the
property. An indirect subsidiary of RSVP owns a 23% interest in
this property. The agreement expires on May 31, 2008, after
which time the agreement renews on a month to month basis. The
fee payable for managing the property is 3% of gross receipts
from the operation of property, calculated on cumulative
annualized basis (6% for supervision and coordination of
restoration activities following a casualty and major
rehabilitation/renovation of the property). In addition, the
property manager earns a commission equal to 4% of base rents
payable under each commercial lease (6% if a co-broker is
involved) for acting as exclusive leasing agent for commercial
space. We received $146,000 under this agreement from the
closing of the IPO until December 31, 2004 and $80,000
during the first quarter of 2005.
This wholly owned subsidiary also provides customary property
management services to The Village at Riverside, which was owned
by an affiliate of RAP and RSVP, and subsequent to the IPO the
property was foreclosed upon by the lender. The fee received for
managing the property from the closing of the IPO until
foreclosure was not material. We continue to manage the property
for the lender.
Upon the completion of the IPO, our then executive officers and
certain members of senior management received 121,000 PIUs in
our Operating Partnership, representing approximately a 1%
limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership. PIUs
are a special class of partnership interests in the Operating
Partnership. Each PIU awarded is deemed equivalent to an award
of one share of our common stock under our 2004 incentive award
plan, reducing availability for other equity awards on a
one-for-one basis. PIUs are automatically convertible into an
equal number of common units of the Operating Partnership once
the holders of the outstanding PIUs achieve full parity with
common units on account of certain book-up events. The
consummation of this Offering will constitute a book-up event.
Certain of our key executive officers had, through ownership of
a separate entity, a promoted ownership interest in us. This
promoted interest ceased upon the consummation of our IPO.
POLICIES WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN ACTIVITIES
The following is a discussion of certain of our investment,
financing and other policies. These policies have been adopted
by our board of directors and, in general, may be amended or
revised from time to time by our board of directors without a
vote of our stockholders.
102
Investment Policies
|
|
|
Investment in Real Estate or Interests in Real
Estate |
We conduct all of our investment activities through our
Operating Partnership and its affiliates. Our investment
objectives are to provide quarterly cash distributions and
achieve long-term capital appreciation through increases in our
value. We have not established a specific policy regarding the
relative priority of these investment objectives. For a
discussion of the properties and our acquisition and other
strategic objectives, see Business and Properties
and Strategy for Growth.
We intend to pursue our investment objectives primarily through
the ownership by our Operating Partnership of the properties and
other acquired properties and assets. We currently intend to
invest primarily in developments of student housing and
acquisitions of existing improved properties or properties in
need of redevelopment and acquisitions of land which we believe
has development potential for student housing. Future investment
or development activities will not be limited to any geographic
area, product type or to a specified percentage of our assets.
While we may diversify in terms of property locations, size and
market, we do not have any limit on the amount or percentage of
our assets that may be invested in any one property or any one
geographic area. We intend to engage in such future investment
or development activities in a manner that is consistent with
the maintenance of our status as a REIT for federal income tax
purposes. In addition, we may purchase or lease income-producing
commercial and other types of properties for long-term
investment, expand and improve the properties we presently own
or other acquired properties, or sell such properties, in whole
or in part, when circumstances warrant.
We may also participate with third parties in property
ownership, through joint ventures or other types of
co-ownership. These types of investments may permit us to own
interests in larger assets without unduly restricting our
diversification and, therefore, provide us with flexibility in
structuring our portfolio. We will not, however, enter into a
joint venture or other partnership arrangement to make an
investment that would not otherwise meet our investment policies.
Equity investments in acquired properties may be subject to
existing mortgage financing and other indebtedness or to new
indebtedness, which may be in acquired properties incurred in
connection with acquiring or refinancing these investments. Debt
service on such financing or indebtedness will have a priority
over any distributions with respect to our common stock. We may
in the future acquire some, all or substantially all of the
securities or assets of other REITs or similar entities where
that investment would be consistent with our investment
policies. Subject to the limitations imposed by such other REITs
on the ownership of their stock and to the requirement that we
satisfy the asset tests described in Federal Income Tax
Considerations Taxable REIT Subsidiaries Asset
Tests, there are no limitations on the amount or
percentage of our total assets that may be invested in any one
issuer. However, we do not anticipate investing in other issuers
of securities for the purpose of exercising control or acquiring
any investments primarily for sale in the ordinary course of
business or holding any investments with a view to making
short-term profits from their sale. In any event, we do not
intend that our investments in securities will require us to
register as an investment company under the
Investment Company Act, and we intend to divest securities
before any registration would be required.
|
|
|
Investments in Real Estate Mortgages |
While our current portfolio consists of, and our business
objectives emphasize, equity investments in real estate, we may,
at the discretion of our board of directors, invest in mortgages
and other types of real estate interests consistent with our
qualification as a REIT. We do not presently intend to invest in
mortgages or deeds of trust, but may invest in participating or
convertible mortgages if we conclude that we may benefit from
the gross revenues or any appreciation in value of the property.
Investments in real estate mortgages run the risk that one or
more borrowers may default under certain mortgages and that the
collateral securing certain mortgages may not be sufficient to
enable us to recoup our full investment.
103
|
|
|
Securities of or Interests in Persons Primarily Engaged in
Real Estate Activities and Other Issuers |
Subject to the percentage of ownership limitations and gross
income tests necessary for REIT qualification, we may invest in
securities of other REITs, other entities engaged in real estate
activities or securities of other issuers, including for the
purpose of exercising control over such entities.
Dispositions
We may dispose of any of a property if, based upon
managements periodic review of our portfolio, our board of
directors determines that such action would be in the best
interest of our stockholders. For example, we may seek to enter
into tax-efficient joint ventures in our stabilized properties
with third party investors to raise low-cost equity capital that
we can reinvest in properties with higher growth potential. Any
decision to dispose of a property will be made by our board of
directors.
Financing Policies
We presently intend to maintain a ratio of our consolidated
total indebtedness-to-total market capitalization of 50% or less
(excluding indebtedness encumbering our on-campus participating
properties or properties that we subsequently develop or acquire
that have similar ownership structures). For purposes of this
calculation, our indebtedness does not include the indebtedness
encumbering our on-campus participating properties or properties
that we subsequently develop or acquire that have similar
ownership structures. Our total market capitalization is defined
as the sum of the market value of our outstanding common stock
and preferred stock (which may decrease, thereby increasing our
debt to total capitalization ratio), including shares of
restricted stock or restricted stock units that we may issue to
our employees and directors under our 2004 incentive award plan,
plus the aggregate value of Operating Partnership units not
owned by us, plus the book value of our total consolidated
indebtedness (excluding indebtedness encumbering our on-campus
participating properties or properties that we subsequently
develop or acquire that have similar ownership structures).
Since this ratio is based, in part, upon market values of
equity, it will fluctuate with changes in the price of our
common stock; however, we believe that this ratio provides an
appropriate indication of leverage for a company whose assets
are primarily real estate. We expect that our ratio of
debt-to-total market capitalization upon consummation of this
Offering will be approximately 34% (33% if the
underwriters overallotment option is exercised in full).
Our charter and bylaws do not limit the amount or percentage of
indebtedness that we may incur. Our board of directors may from
time to time modify our debt policy in light of then-current
economic conditions, relative costs of debt and equity capital,
market values of our properties, general conditions in the
market for debt and equity securities, fluctuations in the
market price of our common stock, growth and acquisition
opportunities and other factors. Accordingly, we may increase or
decrease our ratio of debt-to-total market capitalization beyond
the limits described above. If these policies were changed, we
could become more highly leveraged, resulting in an increased
risk of default on our obligations and a related increase in
debt service requirements that could adversely affect our
financial condition and results of operations and our ability to
pay distributions to our stockholders. See Risk
Factors Risks Related to Our Properties and Our
Business Our debt level reduces cash available for
distribution and may expose us to the risk of default under our
debt obligations and Managements Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations Liquidity and Capital Resources.
Conflict of Interest Policies
We have adopted certain policies that are designed to eliminate
or minimize certain potential conflicts of interest. In
addition, our board of directors is subject to certain
provisions of Maryland law, which are also designed to eliminate
or minimize conflicts.
However, there can be no assurance that these policies or
provisions of law will always be successful in eliminating the
influence of such conflicts, and if they are not successful,
decisions could be made that might fail to reflect fully the
interests of all stockholders.
104
Interested Director and Officer Transactions
Pursuant to Maryland law, a contract or other transaction
between us and a director or between us and any other
corporation or other entity in which any of its directors is a
director or has a material financial interest is not void or
voidable solely on the grounds of such common directorship or
interest. The common directorship or interest, the presence of
such director at the meeting at which the contract or
transaction is authorized, approved or ratified or the counting
of the directors vote in favor thereof will not render the
transaction void or voidable if:
|
|
|
|
|
the material facts relating to the common directorship or
interest and as to the transaction are disclosed to our board of
directors or a committee of our board, and our board or
committee authorizes, approves or ratifies the transaction or
contract by the affirmative vote of a majority of disinterested
directors, even if the disinterested directors constitute less
than a quorum; |
|
|
|
the material facts relating to the common directorship or
interest and as to the transaction are disclosed to our
stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the transaction is
authorized, approved or ratified by a majority of the votes cast
by the stockholders entitled to vote; or |
|
|
|
the transaction or contract is fair and reasonable to us at the
time it is authorized, ratified or approved. |
Furthermore, under Maryland law (where our Operating Partnership
is formed), we, as general partner, have a fiduciary duty to our
Operating Partnership and, consequently, such transactions also
are subject to the duties of care and loyalty. We have adopted a
policy that requires that all contracts and transactions between
us, our Operating Partnership or any of our subsidiaries, on the
one hand, and any of our directors or executive officers or any
entity in which such director or executive officer is a director
or has a material financial interest, on the other hand, must be
approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the
disinterested directors. Where appropriate in the judgment of
the disinterested directors, our board of directors may obtain a
fairness opinion or engage independent counsel to represent the
interests of nonaffiliated security holders, although our board
of directors will have no obligation to do so.
Business Opportunities
Pursuant to Maryland law, each director is obligated to offer to
us any business opportunity (with certain limited exceptions)
that comes to him or her and that we reasonably could be
expected to have an interest in pursuing.
Policies with Respect to Other Activities
We have authority to offer common stock, preferred stock or
options to purchase stock in exchange for property and to
repurchase or otherwise acquire our common stock or other
securities in the open market or otherwise, and we may engage in
such activities in the future. Except in connection with the
Formation Transactions or employment agreements, we have not
issued common stock, units or any other securities in exchange
for property or any other purpose other than under our 2004
incentive award plan, and our board of directors has no present
intention of causing us to repurchase any common stock. We may
issue preferred stock from time to time, in one or more series,
as authorized by our board of directors without the need for
stockholder approval. See Description of Securities
Preferred Stock. We have not engaged in trading,
underwriting or agency distribution or sale of securities of
other issuers other than our Operating Partnership and do not
intend to do so. At all times, we intend to make investments in
such a manner as to qualify as a REIT, unless because of
circumstances or changes in the Code, or the Treasury
Regulations, our board of directors determines that it is no
longer in our best interest to qualify as a REIT. We have not
made any loans to third parties, although we may in the future
make loans to third parties, including, without limitation, to
joint ventures in which we participate. We intend to make
investments in such a way that we will not be treated as an
investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as
amended.
105
Reporting Policies
We are subject to the full information reporting requirements of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange
Act. Pursuant to these requirements, we file periodic reports,
proxy statements and other information, including certified
financial statements, with the Securities and Exchange
Commission. See Where You Can Find More Information.
STRUCTURE AND FORMATION
Our Structure
We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax
purposes commencing with our tax year ended December 31,
2004. We own substantially all of our properties and conduct
substantially all of our operations through American Campus
Communities Operating Partnership LP, our Operating Partnership,
and its wholly-owned subsidiary, American Campus Communities
Services, Inc., our TRS. All of our operating expenses are borne
by our Operating Partnership or TRS, as the case may be. One of
our wholly-owned subsidiaries is the sole general partner of our
Operating Partnership and we, therefore, have control over its
management and each of our owned properties. Our board of
directors consists of eight directors, five of whom are
classified under applicable NYSE listing standards as
independent directors. See Management
Directors, Executive Officers and Senior Management.
The Operating Partnership
Substantially all of our assets are held by, and our operations
conducted through, our Operating Partnership. We own 99.0% of
the units in our Operating Partnership. Certain of our officers
own PIUs in the Operating Partnership representing approximately
a 1% limited partnership interest. One of our wholly-owned
subsidiaries is the sole general partner of our Operating
Partnership; accordingly, our board of directors effectively
directs all of our Operating Partnerships affairs.
The TRS
In order to qualify as a REIT, a specified percentage of our
gross income must be derived from real property sources, which
would generally exclude our income from providing development
and management services to third parties as well as our income
from certain services afforded student-tenants in our owned
properties. See Federal Income Tax Considerations
Taxation of Our Company. In order to avoid realizing such
income in a manner that would adversely affect our ability to
qualify as a REIT, we provide certain services through our TRS,
which elects, together with us, to be treated as our
taxable REIT subsidiary or TRS. See
Federal Income Tax Considerations Taxation of Our
Company. Our TRS is wholly-owned and controlled by our
Operating Partnership. Our on-campus participating properties
are owned by our TRS. The income earned by our TRS (including
income from our on-campus participating properties) is subject
to regular federal income tax and state and local income tax
where applicable and is therefore subject to an additional level
of tax as compared to the income earned from our properties.
Formation Transactions and Our Recent Formation as a REIT
We were formed to succeed the business of our Predecessor
Entities, which were a combination of real estate entities under
common ownership and voting control collectively doing business
as American Campus Communities, L.L.C. and Affiliated Student
Housing Properties. These entities had been engaged in the
student housing business since 1993. We were incorporated in
Maryland on March 9, 2004. Additionally, our Operating
Partnership was formed and our TRS was incorporated in Maryland
on July 14, 2004 and August 17, 2004, respectively,
each in anticipation of our IPO. The IPO was consummated on
August 17, 2004, concurrent with the consummation of the
Formation Transactions, and consisted of the sale of
12,100,000 shares of our common stock at a price per share
of $17.50, generating gross proceeds of approximately
$211.8 million. The aggregate proceeds to us, net of the
underwriters discount and offering costs, were
approximately $189.4 million. In connection with the
exercise of the
106
underwriters over-allotment option on September 15,
2004, we issued an additional 515,000 shares of common
stock at the IPO price per share, generating an additional
$9.0 million of gross proceeds and $8.4 million in net
proceeds after the underwriters discount. Our operations
commenced on August 17, 2004 with completion of the IPO and
the Formation Transactions, and are conducted substantially
through the Operating Partnership and its wholly owned
subsidiaries, including the TRS.
In connection with the IPO, we completed the following formation
transactions:
|
|
|
|
|
Redeemed 100% of the ownership interests of the Predecessor
Entities in RAP SHP for approximately $80.1 million. |
|
|
|
Acquired the minority ownership interest of Titan in certain
owned off-campus properties in exchange for approximately
$5.7 million. |
|
|
|
Repaid certain construction and permanent indebtedness totaling
approximately $105.5 million. |
|
|
|
Distributed The Village at Riverside and certain other non-core
assets to the Predecessor Entities. |
|
|
|
Entered into a $75 million senior secured revolving credit
facility with affiliates of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., two of our underwriters, as joint
lead arrangers, which credit facility was subsequently amended. |
Our Predecessor Entities provided certain services to residents
that we are not permitted to provide under IRS regulations
relating to REITs. Therefore, in conjunction with our formation,
we restructured our operations relative to the provision of
these services. Subsequent to the commencement of our operations
as a REIT, these resident services have been provided by our
TRS, resulting in lower rental revenue and higher resident
services revenue.
In connection with the Formation Transactions, the former owners
of our properties received material benefits, which are
described in Certain Relationships and Related
Transactions.
Restrictions on Transfer
William C. Bayless, Jr., our President, Chief Executive
Officer and a director, Brian B. Nickel, our Executive Vice
President, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and a director,
Greg A. Dowell, our Executive Vice President and Chief of
Operations, James C. Hopke, Jr., our Executive Vice
President and Chief Investment Officer, and other members of our
senior management have agreed not to sell or otherwise transfer
or encumber any shares of our common stock or securities
convertible or exchangeable into our common stock owned by them
at the completion of this Offering (including, without
limitation, their PIUs) or thereafter acquired by them through
and including October 11, 2005.
Conflicts of Interest
We have adopted policies that are designed to eliminate or
minimize certain potential conflicts of interest and the
partners of our Operating Partnership have agreed that in the
event of a conflict in the fiduciary duties owed by us to our
stockholders and, in our capacity as sole general partner of our
Operating Partnership, to such partners, we will fulfill our
fiduciary duties to such partners by acting in the best
interests of our stockholders. See Policies with Respect
to Certain Activities Conflict of Interest Policies.
Restrictions on Ownership of Our Capital Stock
Our charter generally prohibits any person or entity from
actually or constructively owning more than 9.8% of the
outstanding shares of our stock. Our charter, however, requires
exceptions to be made to this limitation if our board of
directors determines that such exceptions will not jeopardize
our tax status as a REIT. See Description of
Securities Restrictions on Transfer.
107
DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT OF
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES OPERATING PARTNERSHIP LP
We have summarized the material terms and provisions of the
Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of
American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP, which we
refer to as the partnership agreement. For more
detail, you should refer to the partnership agreement itself, a
copy of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part. For purposes of
this section, references to we, our,
us and our company refer to American
Campus Communities, Inc.
Management of Our Operating Partnership
Our operating partnership, American Campus Communities Operating
Partnership LP, is a Maryland limited partnership that was
formed on July 15, 2004. Through our wholly owned
subsidiary, we are the sole general partner of our Operating
Partnership and conduct substantially all of our business in or
through the Operating Partnership. As sole general partner of
our Operating Partnership, we exercise exclusive and complete
responsibility and discretion in its day-to-day management and
control. We have the power to cause our Operating Partnership to
enter into certain major transactions, including acquisitions,
dispositions and refinancings, subject to certain limited
exceptions. The limited partners of our Operating Partnership
may not transact business for, or participate in the management
activities or decisions of, our Operating Partnership, except as
provided in the partnership agreement and as required by
applicable law. Certain restrictions under the partnership
agreement restrict our ability to engage in a business
combination, as more fully described in Termination
Transactions below.
Under the terms of the partnership agreement, the limited
partners of our Operating Partnership expressly acknowledge that
we, as general partner of our Operating Partnership, are acting
for the benefit of the Operating Partnership, the limited
partners and our stockholders collectively. We are under no
obligation to give priority to the separate interests of the
limited partners or our stockholders in deciding whether to
cause our Operating Partnership to take or decline to take any
actions. If there is a conflict between the interests of our
stockholders on one hand and the limited partners on the other,
we will endeavor in good faith to resolve the conflict in a
manner not adverse to either our stockholders or the limited
partners; provided, however, that for so long as we own a
controlling interest in our Operating Partnership, any conflict
that cannot be resolved in a manner not adverse to either our
stockholders or the limited partners shall be resolved in favor
of our stockholders. We are not liable under the partnership
agreement to our Operating Partnership or to any partner for
monetary damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred, or
benefits not derived by limited partners in connection with such
decisions, provided that we have acted in good faith.
All of our business activities, including all activities
pertaining to the acquisition and operation of properties, must
be conducted through our Operating Partnership, and our
Operating Partnership must be operated in a manner that will
enable us to satisfy the requirements for being classified as a
REIT.
Transferability of Interests
Except in connection with a transaction described in
Termination Transactions below, we, as general
partner, may not voluntarily withdraw from our Operating
Partnership, or transfer or assign all or any portion of our
interest in our Operating Partnership, without the consent of
the holders of a majority of the limited partnership interests,
including our 99.0% interest therein.
Amendments of the Partnership Agreement
Amendments to the partnership agreement may be proposed by us,
as general partner, or by limited partners owning at least 25%
of the units held by limited partners.
Generally, the partnership agreement may be amended, modified or
terminated with the approval of partners holding
662/3%
of all outstanding units (including the units held by us). As
general partner, we
108
will have the power to unilaterally make certain amendments to
the partnership agreement without obtaining the consent of the
limited partners as may be required to:
|
|
|
|
|
add to our obligations as general partner or surrender any right
or power granted to us as general partner for the benefit of the
limited partners; |
|
|
|
reflect the issuance of additional units or the admission,
substitution, termination or withdrawal of partners in
accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement; |
|
|
|
reflect a change of an inconsequential nature that does not
adversely affect the limited partners in any material respect,
or cure any ambiguity, correct or supplement any provisions of
the partnership agreement not inconsistent with law or with
other provisions of the partnership agreement, or make other
changes concerning matters under the partnership agreement that
will not otherwise be inconsistent with the partnership
agreement or law; |
|
|
|
satisfy any requirements, conditions or guidelines contained in
any order, directive, opinion, ruling or regulation of a federal
or state agency or contained in federal or state law; |
|
|
|
reflect changes that are reasonably necessary for us to maintain
our status as a REIT; or |
|
|
|
modify the manner in which capital accounts are computed. |
Amendments that would, among other things, convert a limited
partners interest into a general partners interest,
modify the limited liability of a limited partner, alter a
partners right to receive any distributions or allocations
of profits or losses, or materially alter or modify the
redemption rights described below must be approved by each
limited partner that would be adversely affected by such
amendment.
In addition, without the written consent of the holders of a
majority of the limited partnership interests, we, as general
partner, may not do any of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
take any action in contravention of an express prohibition or
limitation contained in the partnership agreement; |
|
|
|
enter into or conduct any business other than in connection with
our role as general partner of the Operating Partnership and our
operation as a REIT; |
|
|
|
withdraw from the Operating Partnership or transfer any portion
of our general partnership interest; or |
|
|
|
be relieved of our obligations under the partnership agreement
following any permitted transfer of our general partnership
interest. |
Distributions to Unitholders
The partnership agreement provides that holders of units are
entitled to receive quarterly distributions of available cash on
a pro rata basis in accordance with their respective percentage
interests.
Redemption/ Exchange Rights
Limited partners who acquire units have the right to require our
Operating Partnership to redeem part or all of their units for
cash based upon the fair market value of an equivalent number of
shares of our common stock at the time of the redemption.
Alternatively, we may elect to acquire those units in exchange
for shares of our common stock. Our acquisition will be on a
one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment in the event of stock
splits, stock dividends, issuance of stock rights, specified
extraordinary distributions and similar events. Limited partners
who hold units may exercise this redemption right from time to
time, in whole or in part, except when, as a consequence of
shares of our common stock being issued, any persons
actual or constructive stock ownership would exceed our
ownership limits, or any other limit as provided in our charter
or as otherwise determined by our board of directors as
described under the section entitled Description of
Securities Restrictions on Transfer.
109
Issuance of Additional Units, Common Stock or Convertible
Securities
As sole general partner, we have the ability, without the
consent of the other limited partners, to cause the Operating
Partnership to issue additional units representing general and
limited partnership interests. These additional units may
include PIUs and preferred limited partnership units. In
addition, we may issue additional shares of our common stock or
convertible securities, but only if we cause our Operating
Partnership to issue to us partnership interests or rights,
options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities of
our Operating Partnership having designations, preferences and
other rights, so that the economic interests of our Operating
Partnerships interests issued are substantially similar to
the securities that we have issued and we contribute the net
proceeds from the issuance of such shares to our Operating
Partnership as a capital contribution.
Tax Matters
As general partner, we have authority to make tax elections
under the Code on behalf of our Operating Partnership. In
addition, we are the tax matters partner of our Operating
Partnership.
Allocations of Net Income and Net Losses to Partners
The net income or net loss of our Operating Partnership will
generally be allocated to us, as general partner, and the
limited partners in accordance with our respective percentage
interests in our Operating Partnership. However, in some cases
losses may be disproportionately allocated to partners who have
guaranteed debt of our Operating Partnership. The allocations
described above are subject to special allocations relating to
depreciation deductions and to compliance with the provisions of
Sections 704(b) and 704(c) of the Code and the associated
Treasury Regulations.
Operations
The partnership agreement provides that we, as general partner,
will determine and distribute all available cash,
which includes, without limitation, the net operating cash
revenues of our Operating Partnership, as well as the net sales
and refinancing proceeds, quarterly, pro rata in accordance with
the partners percentage interests.
The partnership agreement provides that our Operating
Partnership will assume and pay when due, or reimburse us for
payment of, all costs and expenses relating to the operations
of, or for the benefit of, our Operating Partnership.
Termination Transactions
The partnership agreement provides that we may not engage in any
merger, consolidation or other combination with or into another
person, any sale of all or substantially all of our assets (a
termination transaction), unless in connection with
a termination transaction either
|
|
|
|
(a) |
all limited partners will receive, or have the right to elect to
receive, for each unit an amount of cash, securities, or other
property equal to the product of: |
|
|
|
|
(i) |
the number of shares of our common stock into which each unit is
then exchangeable; and |
|
|
(ii) |
The greatest amount of cash, securities or other property paid
to the holder of one share of our common stock in consideration
of one share of our common stock pursuant to the termination
transaction; or |
|
|
|
|
(b) |
the following conditions are met: |
|
|
|
|
(i) |
substantially all of the assets of the surviving entity are held
directly or indirectly by our Operating Partnership or another
limited partnership or limited liability company |
110
|
|
|
|
|
which is the survivor of a merger, consolidation or combination
of assets with our Operating Partnership; |
|
|
(ii) |
the holders of units own a percentage interest of the surviving
entity based on the relative fair market value of the net assets
of our Operating Partnership and the other net assets of the
surviving entity immediately prior to the consummation of this
transaction; |
|
|
(iii) |
the rights, preferences and privileges of such unit holders in
the surviving entity are at least as favorable to those in
effect immediately prior to the consummation of the transaction
and as those applicable to any other limited partners or
non-managing members of the surviving entity; and |
|
|
(iv) |
the limited partners may exchange their interests in the
surviving entity for either the consideration available to the
common limited partners pursuant to the first paragraph in this
section or, if the ultimate controlling person of the surviving
entity has publicly traded common equity securities, shares of
those common equity securities, at an exchange ratio based on
the relative fair market value of those securities and our
common stock. |
Term
Our Operating Partnership will continue in full force and effect
until it is dissolved in accordance with the terms of the
partnership agreement or as otherwise provided by law.
Indemnification and Limitation of Liability
To the extent permitted by applicable law, the partnership
agreement indemnifies us, as general partner, and our officers,
directors, employees, agents and any other persons we may
designate from and against any and all claims arising from
operations of our Operating Partnership in which any indemnitee
may be involved, or is threatened to be involved, as a party or
otherwise, unless it is established that:
|
|
|
|
|
the act or omission of the indemnitee was material to the matter
giving rise to the proceeding and either was committed in bad
faith or fraud or was the result of active and deliberate
dishonesty; |
|
|
|
the indemnitee actually received an improper personal benefit in
money, property or services; or |
|
|
|
in the case of any criminal proceeding, the indemnitee had
reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was
unlawful. |
In any event, we, as general partner of our Operating
Partnership, and our officers, directors, agents or employees,
are not liable or accountable to our Operating Partnership for
losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived
as a result of errors in judgment or mistakes of fact or law or
any act or omission so long as we acted in good faith.
111
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth the number of all shares of our
common stock beneficially owned by each director, certain
executive officers, each person known by us to beneficially own
5% or more of our outstanding common stock and all directors and
executive officers as a group on June 28, 2005, unless
otherwise indicated in the footnotes, excluding shares purchased
in this Offering, if any. Each of the following persons and
members of the group had sole voting and investment power with
respect to the shares shown unless otherwise indicated in the
footnotes. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each
person named below is c/o American Campus Communities,
Inc., 805 Las Cimas Parkway, Suite 400, Austin, Texas 78746.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares Beneficially Owned After this Offering | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Shares Beneficially Owned | |
|
|
|
Percent Before | |
|
Percent After | |
|
|
Prior to this Offering | |
|
|
|
Exercise of | |
|
Exercise of | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Over-allotment | |
|
Over-allotment | |
|
|
Number | |
|
Percent | |
|
Number(14) | |
|
Option | |
|
Option | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
William C. Bayless, Jr.
|
|
|
14,027 |
(1) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
62,427 |
(1)(14) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
R.D. Burck
|
|
|
2,000 |
(2) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
2,000 |
(2) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
G. Steven Dawson
|
|
|
2,000 |
(2) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
2,000 |
(2) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
Cydney Donnell
|
|
|
1,000 |
(2) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
1,000 |
(2) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
Edward Lowenthal
|
|
|
14,000 |
(2) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
14,000 |
(2) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
Brian B. Nickel
|
|
|
9,385 |
(3) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
38,425 |
(3)(14) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
Scott H. Rechler
|
|
|
28,500 |
(2) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
28,500 |
(2) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
Winston W. Walker
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Greg A. Dowell
|
|
|
2,321 |
(4) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
13,211 |
(4)(14) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
FMR Corp.
|
|
|
1,553,990 |
(5) |
|
|
12.3 |
% |
|
|
1,553,990 |
(5) |
|
|
9.7 |
% |
|
|
9.4 |
% |
Deutsche Bank AG
|
|
|
1,500,000 |
(6) |
|
|
11.9 |
% |
|
|
1,500,000 |
(6) |
|
|
9.4 |
% |
|
|
9.1 |
% |
Clarion CRA Securities, LP
|
|
|
1,283,300 |
(7) |
|
|
10.1 |
% |
|
|
1,283,300 |
(7) |
|
|
8.0 |
% |
|
|
7.8 |
% |
LaSalle Investment Management Securities Ltd.
|
|
|
1,022,603 |
(8) |
|
|
8.1 |
% |
|
|
1,022,603 |
(8) |
|
|
6.4 |
% |
|
|
6.2 |
% |
Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc.
|
|
|
1,007,600 |
(9) |
|
|
8.0 |
% |
|
|
1,007,600 |
(9) |
|
|
6.3 |
% |
|
|
6.1 |
% |
K.G. Redding & Associates, LLC
|
|
|
934,500 |
(10) |
|
|
7.4 |
% |
|
|
934,500 |
(10) |
|
|
5.8 |
% |
|
|
5.7 |
% |
Morgan Stanley
|
|
|
804,500 |
(11) |
|
|
6.4 |
% |
|
|
804,500 |
(11) |
|
|
5.0 |
% |
|
|
4.9 |
% |
AMVESCAP PLC
|
|
|
696,800 |
(12) |
|
|
5.5 |
% |
|
|
696,800 |
(12) |
|
|
4.4 |
% |
|
|
4.2 |
% |
All directors and executive officers as a group (13 persons)
|
|
|
77,357 |
(13) |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
177,183 |
(13)(14) |
|
|
1.1 |
% |
|
|
1.1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Represents 100 shares of common stock owned directly and
13,927 shares of restricted stock. |
|
|
(2) |
Represents shares of common stock owned directly. |
|
|
(3) |
Represents 100 shares of common stock owned directly and
9,285 shares of restricted stock. |
|
|
(4) |
Represents 2,321 shares of restricted stock. |
|
|
(5) |
This information is based upon information contained in filings
made by the stockholder with the SEC reporting beneficial
ownership as of December 31, 2004. The address of FMR Corp.
is 82 Devonshire Street, Boston, MA 02109. FMR Corp.
possessed sole voting power over 149,900 shares and sole
dispositive power over 1,553,990 shares and each of Edward
C. Johnson and Abigail P. Johnson possessed sole dispositive
power over 1,553,990 shares. |
|
|
(6) |
This information is based upon information contained in filings
made by the stockholder with the SEC reporting beneficial
ownership as of December 31, 2004. The address of Deutsche
Bank AG is Taunusanlage 12, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main,
Federal Republic of Germany. Deutsche Bank AG and RREEF America,
L.L.C. each possessed sole voting and sole dispositive power
over these |
112
|
|
|
|
|
shares. Approximately 98% of such shares are owned by registered
investment funds managed by RREEF America, L.L.C., which is a
registered investment adviser subsidiary of Deutsche
Bank AG. |
|
|
|
|
(7) |
This information is based upon information contained in filings
made by the stockholder with the SEC reporting beneficial
ownership as of December 31, 2004. The address of Clarion
CRA Securities, L.P. is 259 North Radnor Chester Road,
Suite 205, Radnor, PA 19087. |
|
|
(8) |
This information is based upon information contained in filings
made by the stockholder with the SEC reporting beneficial
ownership as of December 31, 2004. The address LaSalle
Investment Management Securities, Ltd. is 100 E. Pratt
Street, 20th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21202. |
|
|
(9) |
This information is based upon information contained in filings
made by the stockholder with the SEC reporting beneficial
ownership as of December 31, 2004. The address of
Cohen & Steers Capital Management Inc. is 757 Third
Avenue, New York, NY 10017. |
|
|
(10) |
This information is based upon information contained in filings
made by the stockholder with the SEC reporting beneficial
ownership as of December 31, 2004. The address of K.G.
Redding & Associates, LLC is One North Wacker Drive,
Suite 4343, Chicago, IL 60606. K.G. Redding &
Associates, LLC possessed sole voting power over
157,400 shares and sole dispositive power over
934,500 shares. |
|
(11) |
This information is based upon information contained in filings
made by the stockholder with the SEC reporting beneficial
ownership as of December 31, 2004. The address of Morgan
Stanley is 1585 Broadway, New York, NY 10036. Morgan Stanley
beneficially owned an aggregate of 804,500 shares and
possessed sole voting and sole dispositive power over
585,000 shares, and Morgan Stanley Investment Management
Inc. beneficially owned an aggregate of 760,800 shares and
possessed sole voting and sole dispositive power over
558,400 shares. |
|
(12) |
This information is based upon information contained in filings
made by the stockholder with the SEC reporting beneficial
ownership as of December 31, 2004. The address of AMVESCAP
PLC is 11 Devonshire Square, London EC2M 4YR, England. |
|
(13) |
Represents 48,900 shares of common stock owned directly and
28,457 shares of restricted stock. |
|
(14) |
Includes the following units owned as a result of this Offering
constituting a book-up event for purposes of the PIUs and the
PIUs achieving full parity with common units. Each common unit
is redeemable for cash based on the fair market value of a share
of our common stock, or, at our election, one share of our
common stock. |
|
|
|
|
|
Name |
|
Number of PIUs | |
|
|
| |
William C. Bayless, Jr.
|
|
|
48,400 |
|
Brian B. Nickel
|
|
|
29,040 |
|
Greg A. Dowell
|
|
|
10,890 |
|
All directors and executive officers as a group (13 persons)
|
|
|
99,826 |
|
113
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
We are a Maryland corporation. Your rights as a stockholder
are governed by Maryland law, including the Maryland General
Corporation Law, and our charter and bylaws. The following is a
summary of the material terms of our capital stock. You should
read our charter and bylaws, copies of which are exhibits to the
registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, for
complete information. See Where You Can Find More
Information.
General
Authorized Shares. Our charter provides that we may issue
up to 800,000,000 shares of our common stock,
$0.01 par value per share, and 200,000,000 shares of
preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. Upon completion
of this Offering, 16,615,000 shares of our common stock (or
17,190,000 shares if the underwriters exercise their
overallotment option in full) and no shares of preferred stock
will be issued and outstanding.
Authority of Our Board of Directors Relating to Authorized
Shares. Our charter authorizes our board of directors to
amend our charter to increase or decrease the total number of
our authorized shares, or the number of shares of any class or
series of capital stock that we have authority to issue, without
stockholder approval. Our board of directors also has the
authority, under our charter and without stockholder approval,
to classify any unissued shares of common or preferred stock
into one or more classes or series of stock and to reclassify
any previously classified but unissued shares of any series of
our common or preferred stock. If, however, there are any laws
or stock exchange rules that require us to obtain stockholder
approval in order for us to take these actions, we will contact
our stockholders to solicit that approval.
We believe that the power to issue additional shares of common
stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued
shares of common or preferred stock and then issue the
classified or reclassified shares provides us with increased
flexibility in structuring possible future financings and
acquisitions and in meeting other needs that may arise in the
future. These actions can be taken without stockholder approval,
unless stockholder approval is required by applicable law or the
rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on
which our securities may be listed or traded. Although our board
of directors has no present intention of doing so, we could
issue a class or series of stock that could delay, defer or
prevent a transaction or a change of control that would involve
a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be
favorable to them.
Terms and Conditions of Authorized Shares. Prior to
issuance of shares of each class or series, our board of
directors is required by Maryland law and our charter to set,
subject to the provisions of our charter regarding restrictions
on transfer of stock, the terms, preferences, conversion or
other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to
dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or
conditions of redemption for each class or series. As a result,
our board of directors could authorize the issuance of shares of
common stock or preferred stock with terms and conditions that
could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a
transaction or a change of control that would involve a premium
price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be favorable
to them.
Stockholder Liability. Applicable Maryland law provides
that our stockholders will not be personally liable for our acts
and obligations and that our funds and property will be the only
recourse for our acts and obligations.
Common Stock
All shares of our common stock offered hereby will be duly
authorized, fully paid and nonassessable. Subject to the
preferential rights of any other class or series of stock and to
the provisions of the charter regarding restrictions on transfer
of stock, holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to
receive distributions on such stock if, as and when authorized
by our board of directors out of assets legally available for
the payment of distributions, and declared by us, and to share
ratably in our assets legally
114
available for distribution to our stockholders in the event of
our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, after payment of or
adequate provision for all of our known debts and liabilities.
Subject to the provisions of our charter regarding restrictions
on transfer of stock, as described in more detail below under
Restrictions on Transfer, each outstanding share of
our common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters
submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of
directors and, except as provided with respect to any other
class or series of stock, the holders of our common stock will
possess the exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative
voting in the election of our directors. Under Maryland law, the
holders of a plurality of the votes cast at a meeting at which
directors are to be elected is sufficient to elect a director
unless a corporations charter or bylaws provide otherwise.
Our bylaws provide for such plurality voting in the election of
directors.
Holders of shares of our common stock have no preference,
conversion, exchange, sinking fund, redemption or appraisal
rights and have no preemptive or other rights to subscribe for
any of our securities. Subject to the provisions of our charter
regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock, shares of our
common stock will have equal dividend, liquidation and other
rights.
Preferred Stock
Under our charter, our board of directors may from time to time
establish and issue one or more series of preferred stock
without stockholder approval. Prior to issuance of shares of
each series, our board of directors is required by Maryland law
and our charter to set, subject to the provisions of our charter
regarding restrictions on transfer of stock, the terms,
preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers,
restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other
distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of
redemption for each series. As of the date hereof, no shares of
preferred stock are outstanding and we have no present plans to
issue any preferred stock.
Restrictions on Transfer
In order for us to qualify as a REIT under the Code, our stock
must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at
least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months (other
than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been
made) or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year.
Also, not more than 50% of the value of the outstanding shares
of stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer
individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities
such as qualified pension plans) during the last half of a
taxable year (other than the first year for which an election to
be a REIT has been made).
Our charter contains restrictions on the ownership and transfer
of our stock which are intended to assist us in complying with
these requirements and continuing to qualify as a REIT. The
relevant sections of our charter provide that, subject to the
exceptions described below, no person or entity may beneficially
own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the applicable
constructive ownership provisions of the Code, more than 9.8%
(by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive)
of the outstanding shares of our common stock or more than 9.8%
by value of all of our outstanding shares, including both common
and preferred stock. We refer to this restriction as the
ownership limit. A person or entity that becomes
subject to the ownership limit by virtue of a violative transfer
that results in a transfer to a trust, as set forth below, is
referred to as a purported beneficial transferee if,
had the violative transfer been effective, the person or entity
would have been a record owner and beneficial owner or solely a
beneficial owner of our stock, or is referred to as a
purported record transferee if, had the violative
transfer been effective, the person or entity would have been
solely a record owner of our stock.
The constructive ownership rules under the Code are complex and
may cause stock owned actually or constructively by a group of
related individuals and/or entities to be owned constructively
by one individual or entity. As a result, the acquisition of
less than 9.8% of our stock (or the acquisition of an interest
in an entity that owns, actually or constructively, our stock)
by an individual or entity, could, nevertheless cause that
individual or entity, or another individual or entity, to own
constructively in excess of 9.8% of our outstanding stock and
thereby subject the stock to the applicable ownership limit.
115
Our board of directors must waive the ownership limit with
respect to a particular person if it:
|
|
|
|
|
determines that such ownership will not cause any
individuals beneficial ownership of shares of our stock to
violate the ownership limit and that any exemption from the
ownership limit will not jeopardize our status as a
REIT; and |
|
|
|
determines that such stockholder does not and will not own,
actually or constructively, an interest in a tenant of ours (or
a tenant of any entity whose operations are attributed in whole
or in part to us) that would cause us to own, actually or
constructively, more than a 9.8% interest (as set forth in
Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code) in such tenant or that
any such ownership would not cause us to fail to qualify as a
REIT under the Code. |
As a condition of our waiver, our board of directors may require
the applicant to submit such information as the board of
directors may reasonably need to make the determinations
regarding our REIT status and additionally may require an
opinion of counsel or IRS ruling satisfactory to our board of
directors, and/or representations or undertakings from the
applicant with respect to preserving our REIT status.
In connection with the waiver of the ownership limit or at any
other time, our board of directors may increase the ownership
limitation for some persons and decrease the ownership limit for
all other persons and entities; provided, however, that the
decreased ownership limit will not be effective for any person
or entity whose percentage ownership in our stock is in excess
of such decreased ownership limit until such time as such person
or entitys percentage of our stock equals or falls below
the decreased ownership limit, but any further acquisition of
our stock in excess of such percentage ownership of our common
stock will be in violation of the ownership limit. Additionally,
the new ownership limit may not allow five or fewer stockholders
to beneficially own more than 50% in value of our outstanding
stock.
Our charter provisions further prohibit:
|
|
|
|
|
any person from beneficially or constructively owning shares of
our stock that would result in our being closely
held under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise
cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT; and |
|
|
|
any person from transferring shares of our stock if such
transfer would result in shares of our stock being beneficially
owned by fewer than 100 persons (determined without reference to
any rules of attribution). |
Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire
beneficial or constructive ownership of shares of our stock that
will or may violate any of the foregoing restrictions on
transferability and ownership will be required to give notice
immediately to us and provide us with such other information as
we may request in order to determine the effect of such transfer
on our status as a REIT. The foregoing provisions on
transferability and ownership will not apply if our board of
directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests
to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT.
Pursuant to our charter, if any purported transfer of our stock
or any other event would otherwise result in any person
violating the ownership limits or such other limit as permitted
by our board of directors, then any such purported transfer will
be void and of no force or effect as to that number of shares in
excess of the ownership limit (rounded up to the nearest whole
share). That number of shares in excess of the ownership limit
will be automatically transferred to, and held by, a trust for
the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable organizations
selected by us. The automatic transfer will be effective as of
the close of business on the business day prior to the date of
the violative transfer or other event that results in a transfer
to the trust. Any dividend or other distribution paid to the
purported record transferee, prior to our discovery that the
shares had been automatically transferred to a trust as
described above, must be repaid to the trustee upon demand for
distribution to the beneficiary of the trust. If the transfer to
the trust as described above is not automatically effective, for
any reason, to prevent violation of the applicable ownership
limit or as otherwise permitted by our board of directors, then
our charter provides that the transfer of the excess shares will
be void.
116
Shares of our stock transferred to the trustee are deemed
offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share
equal to the lesser of (i) the price paid by the purported
record transferee for the shares (or, if the event which
resulted in the transfer to the trust did not involve a purchase
of such shares of our stock at market price, the last reported
sales price reported on the NYSE on the trading day immediately
preceding the day of the event which resulted in the transfer of
such shares of our stock to the trust); and (ii) the market
price on the date we, or our designee, accepts such offer. We
have the right to accept such offer until the trustee has sold
the shares of our stock held in the trust pursuant to the
clauses discussed below. Upon a sale to us, the interest of the
charitable beneficiary in the shares sold terminates and the
trustee must distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the
purported record transferee and any dividends or other
distributions held by the trustee with respect to such stock
will be paid to the charitable beneficiary.
If we do not buy the shares, the trustee must, within
20 days of receiving notice from us of the transfer of
shares to the trust, sell the shares to a person or entity
designated by the trustee who could own the shares without
violating the ownership limits or as otherwise permitted by our
board of directors. After that, the trustee must distribute to
the purported record transferee an amount equal to the lesser of
(i) the price paid by the purported record transferee or
owner for the shares (or, if the event which resulted in the
transfer to the trust did not involve a purchase of such shares
at market price, the last reported sales price reported on the
NYSE on the trading day immediately preceding the relevant
date); and (ii) the sales proceeds (net of commissions and
other expenses of sale) received by the trust for the shares.
The purported beneficial transferee or purported record
transferee has no rights in the shares held by the trustee.
The trustee will be designated by us and will be unaffiliated
with us and with any purported record transferee or purported
beneficial transferee. Prior to the sale of any excess shares by
the trust, the trustee will receive, in trust for the
beneficiary, all dividends and other distributions paid by us
with respect to the excess shares, and may also exercise all
voting rights with respect to the excess shares.
Subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that the
shares have been transferred to the trust, the trustee shall
have the authority, at the trustees sole discretion:
|
|
|
|
|
to rescind as void any vote cast by a purported record
transferee prior to our discovery that the shares have been
transferred to the trust; and |
|
|
|
to recast the vote in accordance with the desires of the trustee
acting for the benefit of the beneficiary of the trust. |
However, if we have already taken irreversible corporate action,
then the trustee may not rescind and recast the vote.
Any beneficial owner or constructive owner of shares of our
stock and any person or entity (including the stockholder of
record) who is holding shares of our stock for a beneficial
owner must, on request, provide us with a completed
questionnaire containing the information regarding their
ownership of such shares, as set forth in the applicable
Treasury Regulations. In addition, any person or entity that is
a beneficial owner or constructive owner of shares of our stock
and any person or entity (including the stockholder of record)
who is holding shares of our stock for a beneficial owner or
constructive owner shall, on request, be required to disclose to
us in writing such information as we may request in order to
determine the effect, if any, of such stockholders actual
and constructive ownership of shares of our stock on our status
as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the ownership limit, or
as otherwise permitted by our board of directors.
All certificates representing shares of our stock bear a legend
referring to the restrictions described above.
This ownership limit could delay, defer or prevent a transaction
or a change of control of us that might involve a premium price
for our stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our
stockholders.
117
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is The
Bank of New York.
CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR CHARTER AND
BYLAWS
The following description summarizes the material terms of
certain provisions of Maryland law, including the Maryland
General Corporation Law, and our charter and bylaws. You should
review the Maryland General Corporation Law, our charter and our
bylaws for complete information. We have filed our charter and
bylaws as exhibits to the registration statement of which this
prospectus is a part. See Where You Can Find More
Information.
Our Board of Directors, Vacancies on Our Board of Directors
and Removal of Directors
Number and Election of Directors. Our bylaws provide
that, except for any directors elected by holders of a class or
series of shares other than common stock, the number of our
directors will be fixed by a majority of our entire board of
directors, but may not be fewer than the minimum number
permitted under Maryland law or more than fifteen. In
establishing the number of directors, the board of directors may
not alter the term of office of any director in office at that
time.
Pursuant to our charter, each of our directors is elected by our
stockholders to serve until their successors are duly elected
and qualify. Holders of shares of our common stock will have no
right to cumulative voting in the election of directors. Our
bylaws provide that at each annual meeting of stockholders, a
plurality of votes cast will be able to elect our directors.
Vacancies on Our Board of Directors. Any vacancy may be
filled by a majority of the remaining directors even if the
remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, except
(i) if the vacancy results from an increase in the number
of directors constituting the board, in which case the vacancy
shall be filled by a majority of the entire board, (ii) if
the vacancy results from a removal of a director, in which case
the vacancy may also be filled by our stockholders and
(iii) as may be otherwise provided for in the terms of any
class or series of preferred stock.
Removal of Directors. Our charter provides that, except
for any directors elected by holders of a class or series of
shares other than common stock, a director may be removed by the
stockholders only with the affirmative vote of at least a
majority of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the
election of directors and only for cause. In our
charter, cause means, with respect to any particular
director, conviction of a felony or a final judgment of a court
of competent jurisdiction holding that such director caused
demonstrable, material harm to us through bad faith or active
and deliberate dishonesty.
Amendment of Our Charter and Bylaws
Our charter, including its provisions on removal of directors,
may be amended by the affirmative vote of the holders of at
least a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the
matter. Our bylaws may be amended only by a majority of our
directors. The stockholders have no right to amend or propose an
amendment to our bylaws.
Transactions Outside the Ordinary Course of Business
Under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation may not merge with or
into another entity, sell all or substantially all of our
assets, engage in a share exchange or engage in similar
transactions outside the ordinary course of our business unless
the transaction or transactions are approved by the affirmative
vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of all of the
votes entitled to be cast on the matter. However, a Maryland
corporation may provide in its charter for approval of these
matters by a lesser percentage of the shares entitled to vote on
the matter, but not less than a majority of all of the votes
entitled to be cast on
118
the matter. Our charter provides for approval of these matters
by at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast except
if:
|
|
|
|
|
the merger will merge one of our 90% or more owned subsidiaries
into us without amending our charter other than in limited
respects and without altering the contract rights of the stock
of the subsidiary (in which case only the approval of our board
of directors and the board of directors of the subsidiary is
necessary); |
|
|
|
we are the successor corporation in a share exchange (in which
case only the approval of our board of directors is
necessary); or |
|
|
|
we are the survivor in the merger and the merger does not change
the terms of any class or series of our outstanding stock, or
otherwise amend our charter, and the number of shares of stock
of each class or series outstanding immediately before the
merger does not increase by more than 20% of the number of
shares of each such class or series of stock that was
outstanding immediately prior to effectiveness of the merger (in
which case only the approval of our board of directors is
necessary). |
Dissolution
A proposal that we dissolve must be approved by the affirmative
vote of the holders of at least a majority of all of the votes
entitled to be cast on the matter.
Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business
Our bylaws provide for advance notice by a stockholder or
stockholders wishing to have certain matters considered and
voted upon at a meeting of stockholders.
With respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations
of persons for election to our board of directors and the
proposal of business to be considered by stockholders may be
made only:
|
|
|
|
|
pursuant to our notice of the meeting; |
|
|
|
by or at the direction of our board of directors; or |
|
|
|
by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has
complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in our
bylaws. |
These procedures generally require the stockholder to deliver
notice to our Secretary not less than 90 days or later than
the close of business on the 120th day prior to the first
anniversary of the date of mailing of the notice for the
preceding years annual meeting. If the date of the annual
meeting is advanced by more than 30 days from the date of
the preceding years meeting or if we did not hold an
annual meeting the preceding year, notice must delivered not
earlier than the 120th day prior to the date of mailing of the
notice for that annual meeting and not later than the close of
business on the later of the 90th day prior to the date of
mailing of the notice for the annual meeting or the 10th day
following the day on which disclosure of the date of mailing for
the meeting is made.
With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the
business specified in our notice of meeting may be brought
before the meeting of stockholders. Nominations of persons for
election to our board of directors may be made only:
|
|
|
|
|
pursuant to our notice of the meeting; |
|
|
|
by or at the direction of our board of directors; or |
|
|
|
provided that our board of directors has determined that
directors will be elected at such meeting, by a stockholder who
is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the
advance notice provisions set forth in our bylaws. |
119
Notice must be delivered not earlier than the 120th day prior to
the date of the special meeting and not later than the close of
business on the later of the 90th day prior to the date of the
special meeting or the 10th day following the day on which
disclosure of the date of the special meeting is made.
The postponement or adjournment of an annual or special meeting
to a later date or time will not commence any new time periods
for the giving of the notice described above. Our bylaws contain
detailed requirements for the contents of stockholder notices of
director nominations and new business proposals.
Ownership Limit
Our charter provides that no person or entity may beneficially
own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the applicable
constructive ownership provisions of the Code, more than 9.8%
(by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive)
of the outstanding shares of our stock. We refer to this
restriction as the ownership limit. Our charter,
however, requires exceptions to be made to this limitation if
our board of directors determines that such exceptions will not
jeopardize our tax status as a REIT. See Description of
Securities Restrictions on Transfer.
Business Combinations
Maryland law establishes special requirements for business
combinations (including a merger, consolidation, share
exchange or, in certain circumstances, an asset transfer or
issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between a
Maryland corporation and any person who beneficially owns 10% or
more of the voting power of the corporations shares or an
affiliate of the corporation who, at any time within the
two-year period prior to the date in question, was the
beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then
outstanding voting stock of the corporation, an interested
stockholder, or an affiliate of such an interested stockholder
are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on
which the interested stockholder becomes an interested
stockholder. Thereafter, any such business combination must be
recommended by the board of directors of such corporation and
approved by the affirmative vote of at least (a) 80% of the
votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of
voting stock of the corporation and (b) two-thirds of the
votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the
corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder
with whom (or with whose affiliate) the business combination is
to be effected, unless, among other conditions, the
corporations common stockholders receive a minimum price
(as defined in Maryland law) for their shares and the
consideration is received in cash or in the same form as
previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares.
These provisions of Maryland law do not apply, however, to
business combinations that are approved or exempted by our board
of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder
becomes an interested stockholder. In addition, a person is not
considered an interested stockholder under the statute if our
board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which
the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder.
Unless otherwise determined by our board of directors, pursuant
to our charter, we have opted out of these provisions of
Maryland law. Our charter, however, provides that any business
combinations must be approved by the affirmative vote of at
least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of
our voting stock.
Control Share Acquisitions
Maryland law provides that control shares of a
Maryland corporation acquired in a control share
acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent
approved at a special meeting by the affirmative vote of
two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter,
excluding shares of stock in a corporation in respect of which
any of the following persons is entitled to exercise or direct
the exercise of the voting power of shares of stock of the
corporation in the election of directors: (i) a person who
makes or proposes to make a control share acquisition;
(ii) an officer of the corporation; or (iii) an
employee of the corporation who is also a director of the
corporation. Control shares are voting shares of
stock which, if aggregated with all other such shares of stock
previously acquired by the acquirer or in respect of which
120
the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of
voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy),
would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing
directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:
(i) one-tenth or more but less than one-third;
(ii) one-third or more but less than a majority; or
(iii) a majority or more of all voting power. Control
shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then
entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained
stockholder approval. A control share acquisition
means the acquisition of control shares, subject to certain
exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share
acquisition, upon satisfaction of certain conditions (including
an undertaking to pay expenses), may compel our board of
directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held
within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of
the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation
may itself present the question at any stockholders
meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the
acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement
as required by the statute, then, subject to certain conditions
and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the
control shares (except those for which voting rights have
previously been approved) for fair value determined, without
regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares,
as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the
acquirer or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting
rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting
rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders
meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of
the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise
appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for
purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the
highest price per share paid by the acquirer in the control
share acquisition.
The control share acquisition statute does not apply (a) to
shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if
the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) to
acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of
the corporation.
Our bylaws contain a provision exempting us from the control
share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person
of our common stock. There can be no assurance that our board of
directors will not amend or eliminate this provision of our
bylaws in the future.
Anti-Takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law
and of Our Charter and Bylaws
The provisions of our charter on removal of directors and the
advance notice provisions of the bylaws could delay, defer or
prevent a transaction or a change of control of us that might
involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or
otherwise be in their best interest. Likewise, if our board of
directors were to opt in to the business combination provisions
of Maryland law or if the provision in the bylaws opting out of
the control share acquisition provisions of Maryland law were
rescinded, these provisions of Maryland law could have similar
anti-takeover effects.
Board Consideration of Relevant Factors and Constituencies
Our charter provides that our board of directors may, in
connection with a business combination, change
in control or other potential acquisition of our control,
consider the effect of the potential acquisition on our control,
consider the effect of the potential acquisition on our
stockholders, employees, suppliers, customers and creditors and
on communities in which our offices or other establishments are
located. As a result of this provision, our board of directors
may consider subjective factors that affect or may affect the
potential acquisition and may oppose the proposal on that basis.
Duties of Our Directors
Under Maryland law, there is a presumption that the act of a
director satisfies the required standard of care under Maryland
law. An act of a director relating to or affecting an
acquisition or a potential acquisition of control is not subject
under Maryland law to a higher duty or to greater scrutiny than
those applied to any other act of a director. This provision
does not impose an enhanced level of scrutiny when
121
our board of directors implements anti-takeover measures in a
change-of-control context, and also shifts the burden of proof
for demonstrating that any defensive mechanism adopted by our
board is unreasonable.
Indemnification and Limitation of Directors and
Officers Liability
Our charter and the partnership agreement provide for
indemnification of our officers and directors against
liabilities to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law.
Maryland law permits a Maryland corporation to include in its
charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and
officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money
damages except for liability resulting from actual receipt of an
improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or
active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment
as being material to the cause of action. Our charter contains
such a provision, which eliminates such liability to the maximum
extent permitted by Maryland law.
Our charter also provides that, to the maximum extent that
Maryland Law in effect from time to time permits limitation of
the liability of directors and officers of a corporation, no
director or officer shall be liable to us or our stockholders
for money damages. Our bylaws obligate us, to the fullest extent
permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to
indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of
the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse
reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a
proceeding to:
|
|
|
|
|
any present or former director or officer who is made a party to
the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity;
or |
|
|
|
any individual who, while a member of our board and at our
request, serves or has served another corporation, real estate
investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee
benefit plan or any other enterprise as a director, officer,
partner or trustee of such corporation, real estate investment
trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan
or other enterprise and who is made a party to the proceeding by
reason of his or her service in that capacity. |
Our charter and bylaws also permit us to indemnify and advance
expenses to any person who served a predecessor of ours in any
of the capacities described above and to any of our employees,
agents or predecessors.
Maryland law requires a corporation (unless its charter provides
otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director
or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise,
in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made a
party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. Maryland
law permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former
directors and officers, among others, against judgments,
penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually
incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they
may be made a party by reason of their service in those or other
capacities unless it is established that:
|
|
|
|
|
the act or omission of the director or officer was material to
the matter giving rise to the proceeding and: |
|
|
|
|
|
was committed in bad faith; or |
|
|
|
was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
|
|
|
|
|
the director or officer actually received an improper personal
benefit in money, property or services; or |
|
|
|
in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer
had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was
unlawful. |
However, under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation may not
indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right
of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis
that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either
case a court orders indemnification and then only for expenses.
In
122
addition, Maryland law permits a corporation to advance
reasonable expenses to a director or officer only upon the
corporations receipt of:
|
|
|
|
|
a written affirmation by the director or officer of his good
faith belief that he has met the standard of conduct necessary
for indemnification by the corporation; and |
|
|
|
a written undertaking by the director or by another on the
directors behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by
the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the director
did not meet the standard of conduct. |
The partnership agreement provides that we, our officers and our
directors are indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by
law. See Description of the Partnership Agreement of
American Campus Communities Operating Partnership LP
Indemnification and Limitation of Liability.
Insofar as the foregoing provisions permit indemnification of
directors, officers or persons controlling us for liability
arising under the Securities Act, we have been informed that, in
the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, this
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Indemnification Agreements
We have entered into an indemnification agreement with each of
our executive officers and directors as described in
Management Executive Officer Compensation
Indemnification Agreements.
123
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
General
Upon completion of this Offering we expect to have outstanding
16,615,000 shares of our common stock
(17,190,000 shares if the underwriters overallotment
option is exercised in full). This does not include 14,375
restricted stock units granted to non-employee directors, 53,598
restricted stock awards granted to employees,
367,682 shares of our common stock underlying an
outperformance bonus plan, and 121,000 PIUs issued to our
then executive officers and senior management in connection with
the IPO, plus any shares acquired by affiliates, which will be
subject to the restrictions of Rule 144.
Of these shares, the 4,000,000 shares sold in this Offering
(4,575,000 shares if the underwriters overallotment
option is exercised in full) will be freely transferable without
restriction or further registration under the Securities Act,
subject to the limitations on ownership set forth in our
charter, except for those shares held by our
affiliates, as that term is defined by Rule 144
under the Securities Act.
Rule 144
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, a person
who has beneficially owned restricted shares of our common stock
for at least one year would be entitled to sell, within any
three-month period, that number of shares that does not exceed
the greater of:
|
|
|
|
|
1% of the shares of our common stock then outstanding, which
will equal approximately 166,150 shares immediately after
this Offering (171,900 shares if the underwriters exercise
their overallotment option in full); or |
|
|
|
the average weekly trading volume of our common stock on the
NYSE during the four calendar weeks preceding the date on which
notice of the sale is filed with the SEC. |
Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to manner of sale
provisions, notice requirements and the availability of current
public information about us.
Stock Options and 2004 Incentive Award Plan
We have adopted the 2004 incentive award plan, which provides
for the grant to the employees, directors and consultants of us,
our TRS and our Operating Partnership (and their respective
subsidiaries) of stock options, PIUs, restricted stock units,
restricted stock and other incentive awards. As of the date of
this prospectus, we have issued restricted stock units to our
non-employee directors representing 14,375 shares of our
common stock, restricted stock awards to employees representing
53,598 shares of our common stock, 367,682 shares
representing an outperformance bonus plan for key employees, and
121,000 PIUs (representing a 1% limited partnership interest in
our Operating Partnership) to officers, directors and key
employees, and have reserved an additional 653,345 shares
of our common stock for issuance under the plan.
We have filed a registration statement with respect to the
shares of our common stock issuable under the 2004 incentive
award plan. Shares of our common stock covered by this
registration statement, including shares of our common stock
issuable upon the exercise of options or restricted shares of
our common stock, will be eligible for transfer or resale
without restriction under the Securities Act unless held by
affiliates.
Registration Rights
For a discussion of the registration rights that have been
granted to existing holders of PIUs and those that may be
granted to future holders of PIUs, see Management
Executive Officer Compensation Profits Interest
Units.
124
Lock-up Agreements and Other Contractual Restrictions on
Resale
In addition to the limits placed on the sale of shares of our
common stock by operation of Rule 144 and other provisions
of the Securities Act, (i) Mr. Bayless and our executive
officers and certain directors have agreed, subject to certain
exceptions (including a bona fide gift or a transfer to a trust
for the benefit of an immediate family member) not to sell or
otherwise transfer or encumber any shares of our common stock or
securities convertible into common stock (including PIUs and
units) owned by them at the completion of this Offering or
thereafter acquired by them for the period from the date of this
prospectus through and including October 11, 2005 without
the consent of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Deutsche Bank
Securities Inc., and (ii) we have agreed that we will not
offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of,
directly or indirectly, or file with the SEC a registration
statement under the Securities Act relating to, any shares of
our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable
or exercisable for any shares of our common stock, including,
without limitation, units, or publicly disclose the intention to
make any offer, sale, pledge, disposition or filing, without the
prior written consent of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. for the period from the date of
this prospectus through and including October 11, 2005,
subject to certain limited exceptions set forth in
Underwriting. In the event that either
(x) during the last 17 days of the lock-up period
referred to above, we issue an earnings release or a press
release announcing a significant event or (y) prior to the
expiration of such lock-up period, we announce that we will
release earnings or issue a press release announcing a
significant event during the 17-day period beginning on the last
day of such lock-up period, the restrictions described above
shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 17-day
period beginning with the first day following the date of the
earnings or the press release. At the conclusion of the lock-up
period, common stock issued upon the exchange of PIUs or units
may be sold by Mr. Bayless and our other senior officers
and directors in the public market upon registration under the
Securities Act and, in the case of holders of PIUs, pursuant to
registration rights that may be granted to them as described
above. Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Deutsche Bank
Securities Inc. may, in its sole discretion and at any time or
from time to time, without notice, release all or any portion of
the shares of common stock or other securities subject to the
lock-up agreements referred to above.
125
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following discussion summarizes our taxation and the
material Federal income tax consequences to stockholders of
their ownership of common stock. The tax treatment of
stockholders will vary depending upon the stockholders
particular situation, and this discussion addresses only
stockholders that hold common stock as a capital asset and does
not deal with all aspects of taxation that may be relevant to
particular stockholders in light of their personal investment or
tax circumstances. This section also does not deal with all
aspects of taxation that may be relevant to certain types of
stockholders to which special provisions of the Federal income
tax laws apply, including:
|
|
|
|
|
dealers in securities or currencies; |
|
|
|
traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method
of accounting for their securities holdings; |
|
|
|
banks and other financial institutions; |
|
|
|
tax-exempt organizations (except to the limited extent discussed
in Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders); |
|
|
|
certain insurance companies; |
|
|
|
persons liable for the alternative minimum tax; |
|
|
|
persons that hold common stock as a hedge against interest rate
or currency risks or as part of a straddle or conversion
transaction; |
|
|
|
non-U.S. individuals and foreign corporations (except to
the limited extent discussed in Taxation of
Non-U.S. Stockholders); and |
|
|
|
stockholders whose functional currency is not the
U.S. dollar. |
The statements in this section are based on the Code, its
legislative history, current and proposed regulations under the
Code, published rulings and court decisions. This summary
describes the provisions of these sources of law only as they
are currently in effect. All of these sources of law may change
at any time, and any change in the law may apply retroactively.
We cannot assure you that new laws, interpretations of law or
court decisions, any of which may take effect retroactively,
will not cause any statement in this section to be inaccurate.
This section is not a substitute for careful tax planning. We
urge you to consult your tax advisor regarding the specific tax
consequences to you of ownership of our common shares and of our
election to be taxed as a REIT. Specifically, you should consult
your tax advisor regarding the federal, state, local, foreign,
and other tax consequences to you regarding the purchase,
ownership and sale of common shares. You should also consult
with your tax advisor regarding the impact of potential changes
in the applicable tax laws.
Taxation of Our Company
We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856
through 860 of Code, commencing with our taxable year ended
December 31, 2004.
Locke Liddell & Sapp LLP has provided us an opinion
that, provided we file an election to be taxed as a REIT with
our timely filed federal income tax return for the taxable year
ended December 31, 2004, we have been organized and, for
the taxable year ended December 31, 2004, we have operated
in conformity with the requirements for qualification and
taxation as a REIT under the Code, and our current manner of
organization and proposed method of operation will enable us to
continue to satisfy the requirements for qualification and
taxation as a REIT under the Code in the future. You should be
aware, however, that opinions of counsel are not binding upon
the Internal Revenue Service or any court. In providing its
opinion, Locke Liddell & Sapp LLP is relying, as to
certain factual matters, upon the statements and representations
contained in certificates provided to Locke Liddell &
Sapp LLP by us.
126
Our qualification as a REIT will depend upon our continuing
satisfaction of the requirements of the Code relating to
qualification for REIT status. Some of these requirements depend
upon actual operating results, distribution levels, diversity of
stock ownership, asset composition, source of income and record
keeping. Accordingly, while we intend to continue to qualify to
be taxed as a REIT, the actual results of our operations for any
particular year might not satisfy these requirements. Locke
Liddell & Sapp LLP will not monitor our compliance with
the requirements for REIT qualification on an ongoing basis.
Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results
of our operation for any particular taxable year will satisfy
such requirements. For a discussion of the tax consequences of
our failure to qualify as a REIT. See Failure to
Qualify as a REIT below.
The sections of the Code relating to qualification and operation
as a REIT, and the federal income taxation of a REIT and its
stockholders, are highly technical and complex. The following
discussion sets forth only the material aspects of those
sections. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the
applicable Code provisions and the related rules and regulations.
As a REIT, we generally are not subject to federal income tax on
the taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. The
benefit of that tax treatment is that it avoids the double
taxation, or taxation at both the corporate and
stockholder levels, that generally results from owning shares in
a corporation. Our distributions, however, will generally not be
eligible for (i) the lower rate of tax applicable to
dividends received by an individual from a C
corporation (as defined below) or (ii) the corporate
dividends received deduction. Further, we will be subject to
federal tax in the following circumstances:
|
|
|
|
|
First, we will have to pay tax at regular corporate rates on any
undistributed real estate investment trust taxable income,
including undistributed net capital gains. |
|
|
|
Second, under certain circumstances, we may have to pay the
alternative minimum tax on items of tax preference. |
|
|
|
Third, if we have (a) net income from the sale or other
disposition of foreclosure property, as defined in
the Code, which is held primarily for sale to customers in the
ordinary course of business or (b) other non- qualifying
income from foreclosure property, we will have to pay tax at the
highest corporate rate on that income. |
|
|
|
Fourth, if we have net income from prohibited
transactions, as defined in the Code, we will have to pay
a 100% tax on that income. Prohibited transactions are, in
general, certain sales or other dispositions of property, other
than foreclosure property, held primarily for sale to customers
in the ordinary course of business. We do not intend to engage
in prohibited transactions. We cannot assure you, however, that
we will only make sales that satisfy the requirements of the
safe harbors or that the IRS will not successfully assert that
one or more of such sales are prohibited transactions. |
|
|
|
Fifth, if we should fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or
the 95% gross income test, as discussed below under
Requirements for Qualification, but we have
nonetheless maintained our qualification as a REIT because we
have satisfied other requirements necessary to maintain REIT
qualification, we will have to pay a 100% tax on an amount equal
to (a) the gross income attributable to the greater of
(i) 75% of our gross income over the amount of gross income
that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% test, and
(ii) 95% of our gross income over the amount of gross
income that is qualifying income for purposes of the 95% test,
multiplied by (b) a fraction intended to reflect our
profitability. |
|
|
|
Sixth, beginning in the 2005 taxable year, if we fail, in more
than a de minimis fashion, to satisfy one or more of the
asset tests under the REIT provisions of the Code for any
quarter of a taxable year, but nonetheless continue to qualify
as a REIT because we qualify under certain relief provisions, we
will likely be required to pay a tax of the greater of $50,000
or a tax computed at the highest corporate rate on the amount of
net income generated by the assets causing the failure from the
date of failure until the assets are disposed of or we otherwise
return to compliance with the asset test. |
127
|
|
|
|
|
Seventh, beginning in the 2005 taxable year, if we fail to
satisfy one or more of the requirements for REIT qualification
under the REIT provisions of the Code (other than the income
tests or the asset tests), we nevertheless may avoid termination
of our REIT election in such year if the failure is due to
reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and we pay a
penalty of $50,000 for each failure to satisfy the REIT
qualification requirements. |
|
|
|
Eighth, if we should fail to distribute during each calendar
year at least the sum of (1) 85% of our real estate
investment trust ordinary income for that year, (2) 95% of
our real estate investment trust capital gain net income for
that year and (3) any undistributed taxable income from
prior periods, we would have to pay a 4% excise tax on the
excess of that required dividend over the amounts actually
distributed. |
|
|
|
Ninth, if we acquire any appreciated asset from a C corporation
in certain transactions in which we must adopt the basis of the
asset or any other property in the hands of the C corporation as
our basis of the asset in our hands, and we recognize gain on
the disposition of that asset during the 10-year period
beginning on the date on which we acquired that asset, then we
will have to pay tax on the built-in gain at the highest regular
corporate rate. In general, a C corporation means a
corporation that has to pay full corporate-level tax. |
|
|
|
Tenth, if we receive non-arms length income from one of
our taxable REIT subsidiaries (as defined under
Requirements for Qualification), we will be
subject to a 100% tax on the amount of our non-arms-length
income. |
Requirements for Qualification
To qualify as a REIT, we must elect to be treated as a REIT, and
we must meet various (a) organizational requirements,
(b) gross income tests, (c) asset tests, and
(d) annual dividend requirements.
Organizational Requirements
The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:
|
|
|
|
|
that is managed by one or more trustees or directors; |
|
|
|
the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable
shares, or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest; |
|
|
|
that would otherwise be taxable as a domestic corporation, but
for Sections 856 through 859 of the Code; |
|
|
|
that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company
to which certain provisions of the Code apply; |
|
|
|
the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons; |
|
|
|
during the last half of each taxable year, not more than 50% in
value of the outstanding stock of which is owned, directly or
constructively, by five or fewer individuals, as defined in the
Code to also include certain entities; and |
|
|
|
which meets certain other tests, described below, regarding the
nature of its income and assets. |
The Code provides that the conditions described in the first
through fourth bullet points above must be met during the entire
taxable year and that the condition described in the fifth
bullet point above must be met during at least 335 days of
a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part
of a taxable year of less than 12 months.
128
We expect that we will satisfy the conditions described in the
first through fifth bullet points of the preceding paragraph and
believe that we will also satisfy the condition described in the
sixth bullet point of the preceding paragraph. In addition, our
charter provides for restrictions regarding the ownership and
transfer of our common stock. These restrictions are intended to
assist us in continuing to satisfy the share ownership
requirements described in the fifth and sixth bullet points of
the preceding paragraph. The ownership and transfer restrictions
pertaining to the common stock are described earlier in this
prospectus under the heading Description of
Securities Restrictions on Transfer.
For purposes of determining share ownership under the sixth
bullet point, an individual generally includes a
supplemental unemployment compensation benefits plan, a private
foundation, or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or
used exclusively for charitable purposes. An
individual, however, generally does not include a
trust that is a qualified employee pension or profit sharing
trust under the federal income tax laws, and beneficiaries of
such a trust will be treated as holding our shares in proportion
to their actuarial interests in the trust for purposes of the
sixth bullet point.
A corporation that is a qualified REIT subsidiary is
not treated as a corporation separate from its parent REIT. All
assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit
of a qualified REIT subsidiary are treated as
assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit
of the REIT. A qualified REIT subsidiary is a
corporation, all of the capital stock of which is owned by the
REIT. Thus, in applying the requirements described herein, any
qualified REIT subsidiary that we own will be
ignored, and all assets, liabilities, and items of income,
deduction, and credit of such subsidiary will be treated as our
assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit.
An unincorporated domestic entity, such as a limited liability
company, that has a single owner, generally is not treated as an
entity separate from its owner for federal income tax purposes.
An unincorporated domestic entity with two or more owners is
generally treated as a partnership for federal income tax
purposes. In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a
partnership, the REIT is treated as owning its proportionate
share of the assets of the partnership and as earning its
allocable share of the gross income of the partnership for
purposes of the applicable REIT qualification tests.
If, as in our case, a REIT is a partner in a partnership,
Treasury Regulations provide that the REIT will be deemed to own
its proportionate capital share of the assets of the partnership
and will be deemed to be entitled to the income of the
partnership attributable to that capital share. In addition, the
character of the assets and gross income of the partnership will
retain the same character in the hands of the REIT for purposes
of Section 856 of the Code, including satisfying the gross
income tests and the asset tests. Thus, our proportionate share
of the assets, liabilities and items of income of our Operating
Partnership, which will be our principal asset, will be treated
as our assets, liabilities and items of income for purposes of
applying the requirements described in this section. In
addition, actions taken by our Operating Partnership or any
other entity that is either a disregarded entity (including a
qualified REIT subsidiary) or partnership in which we own an
interest, either directly or through one or more tiers of
disregarded entities (including qualified REIT subsidiaries) or
partnerships such as our Operating Partnership, can affect our
ability to satisfy the REIT income and assets tests and the
determination of whether we have net income from prohibited
transactions. Accordingly, for purposes of this discussion, when
we discuss our actions, income or assets we intend that to
include the actions, income or assets of our Operating
Partnership or any entity that is either a disregarded entity
(including a qualified REIT subsidiary) or partnership for
U.S. Federal income tax purposes in which we maintain an
interest through multiple tiers of disregarded entities
(including qualified REIT subsidiaries) or partnerships.
Taxable
REIT Subsidiaries
A taxable REIT subsidiary, or a TRS is any
corporation in which a REIT directly or indirectly owns stock,
provided that the REIT and that corporation make a joint
election to treat that corporation as a taxable REIT subsidiary.
The election can be revoked at any time as long as the REIT and
the TRS revoke such election jointly. In addition, if a TRS
holds directly or indirectly, more than 35% of the securities of
any other corporation (by vote or by value), then that other
corporation is also treated as a
129
TRS. A corporation can be a TRS with respect to more than one
REIT. We have made a TRS election for American Campus
Communities Services, Inc., our taxable REIT subsidiary.
A TRS is subject to Federal income tax at regular corporate
rates (maximum rate of 35%), and may also be subject to state
and local taxation. Any dividends paid or deemed paid by any one
of our taxable REIT subsidiaries will also be subject to tax,
either (i) to us if we do not pay the dividends received to
our stockholders as dividends, or (ii) to our stockholders
if we do pay out the dividends received to our stockholders.
Further, the rules impose a 100% excise tax on transactions
between a TRS and its parent REIT or the parent REITs
tenants that are not conducted on an arms-length basis. We
may hold more than 10% of the stock of a TRS without
jeopardizing our qualification as a REIT notwithstanding the
rule described below under Asset Tests that
generally precludes ownership of more than 10% (by vote or
value) of any issuers securities. However, as noted below,
in order for us to qualify as a REIT, the securities of all of
the taxable REIT subsidiaries in which we have invested either
directly or indirectly may not represent more than 20% of the
total value of our assets. We expect that the aggregate value of
all of our interests in taxable REIT subsidiaries will represent
less than 20% of the total value of our assets, and will, to the
extent necessary, limit the activities of the Services Company
or take other actions necessary to satisfy the 20% value limit.
We cannot, however, assure that we will always satisfy the 20%
value limit or that the IRS will agree with the value we assign
to the Services Company and any other TRS in which we own an
interest.
A TRS is not permitted to directly or indirectly operate or
manage a lodging facility. A lodging
facility is defined as a hotel, motel or other
establishment more than one-half of the dwelling units in which
are used on a transient basis. We believe that our
Services Company will not be considered to operate or manage a
lodging facility. Although the Services Company is expected to
lease certain of our student housing properties on a short term
basis during the summer months and occasionally during other
times of the year, we believe that such limited short term
leasing will not cause the Services Company to be considered to
directly or indirectly operate or manage a lodging facility. Our
belief in this regard is based in part on Treasury Regulations
interpreting similar language applicable to other provisions of
the Code. Treasury Regulations or other guidance specifically
adopted for purposes of the TRS provisions might take a
different approach, and, even absent such guidance, the IRS
might take a contrary view. In such an event, we might be forced
to change our method of operating the Services Company, which
could adversely affect us, or could cause the Services Company
to fail to qualify as a TRS, in which event we would likely fail
to qualify as a REIT.
We may engage in activities indirectly though a TRS as necessary
or convenient to avoid receiving the benefit of income or
services that would jeopardize our REIT status if we engaged in
the activities directly. In particular, we would likely engage
in activities through a TRS for providing services that are
non-customary and services to unrelated parties (such as our
third party development and management services) that might
produce income that does not qualify under the gross income
tests described below. We might also hold certain properties in
the Services Company, such as our interest in certain of the
leasehold properties if we determine that the ownership
structure of such properties may produce income that would not
qualify for purposes of the REIT income tests described below.
We must satisfy two gross income tests annually to maintain our
qualification as a REIT.
First, at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable year
must consist of defined types of income that we derive, directly
or indirectly, from investments relating to real property or
mortgages on real property or qualified temporary investment
income. Qualifying income for purposes of that 75% gross income
test generally includes:
|
|
|
|
|
rents from real property; |
|
|
|
interest on debt secured by mortgages on real property, or on
interests in real property; |
|
|
|
dividends or other distributions on, and gain from the sale of,
shares in other REITs; |
130
|
|
|
|
|
gain from the sale of real estate assets; and |
|
|
|
income derived from the temporary investment of new capital that
is attributable to the issuance of our shares of beneficial
interest or a public offering of our debt with a maturity date
of at least five years and that we receive during the one year
period beginning on the date on which we received such new
capital. |
Second, in general, at least 95% of our gross income for each
taxable year must consist of income that is qualifying income
for purposes of the 75% gross income test, other types of
interest and dividends, gain from the sale or disposition of
stock or securities or any combination of these.
Gross income from our sale of property that we hold primarily
for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business is
excluded from both the numerator and the denominator in both
income tests. The following paragraphs discuss the specific
application of the gross income tests to us.
Rents from Real Property. Rent that we receive from our
real property will qualify as rents from real
property, which is qualifying income for purposes of the
75% and 95% gross income tests, only if the following conditions
are met:
|
|
|
|
|
First, the rent must not be based in whole or in part on the
income or profits of any person. Participating rent, however,
will qualify as rents from real property if it is
based on percentages of receipts or sales and the percentages:
(a) are fixed at the time the leases are entered into,
(b) are not renegotiated during the term of the leases in a
manner that has the effect of basing rent on income or profits,
and (c) conform with normal business practice. |
|
|
|
More generally, the rent will not qualify as rents from
real property if, considering the relevant lease and all
of the surrounding circumstances, the arrangement does not
conform with normal business practice, but is in reality used as
a means of basing the rent on income or profits. We intend to
set and accept rents which are fixed dollar amounts, and not to
any extent by reference to any persons income or profits,
in compliance with the rules above. |
|
|
|
|
|
Second, we must not own, actually or constructively, 10% or more
of the stock or the assets or net profits of any lessee,
referred to as a related party tenant, other than a TRS. The
constructive ownership rules generally provide that, if 10% or
more in value of our shares is owned, directly or indirectly, by
or for any person, we are considered as owning the stock owned,
directly or indirectly, by or for such person. |
|
|
|
We do not own any stock or any assets or net profits of any
lessee directly, except that we may lease office or other space
to our TRS or another taxable REIT subsidiary. We believe that
each of the leases will conform with normal business practice,
contain arms-length terms and that the rent payable under
those leases will be treated as rents from real property for
purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. However, there
can be no assurance that the IRS will not successfully assert a
contrary position or that a change in circumstances will not
cause a portion of the rent payable under the leases to fail to
qualify as rents from real property. If such
failures were in sufficient amounts, we might not be able to
satisfy either of the 75% or 95% gross income tests and could
lose our REIT status. In addition, if the IRS successfully
reapportions or reallocates items of income, deduction, and
credit among and between us and our TRS under the leases or any
intercompany transaction because it determines that doing so is
necessary to prevent the evasion of taxes or to clearly reflect
income, we could be subject to a 100% excise tax on those
amounts. As described above, we may own one or more taxable REIT
subsidiaries. Under an exception to the related-party tenant
rule described in the preceding paragraph, rent that we receive
from a taxable REIT subsidiary will qualify as rents from
real property as long as (1) at least 90% of the
leased space in the property is leased to persons other than
taxable REIT subsidiaries and related party tenants, and
(2) the amount paid by the TRS to rent space at the
property is substantially comparable to rents paid by other
tenants of the property for comparable space. If we receive rent
from a TRS, we will seek to comply with this exception. Whether
rents paid by our TRS are substantially comparable to rents paid
by our other tenants is determined at |
131
|
|
|
the time the lease with the TRS is entered into, extended, and
modified, if such modification increases the rents due under
such lease. Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, if a lease
with a controlled TRS is modified and such modification results
in an increase in the rents payable by such TRS, any such
increase will not qualify as rents from real
property. For purposes of this rule, a controlled
TRS is a TRS in which we own stock possessing more than
50% of the voting power or more than 50% of the total value of
the outstanding stock of such TRS. |
|
|
|
|
|
Third, the rent attributable to the personal property leased in
connection with a lease of real property must not be greater
than 15% of the total rent received under the lease. |
|
|
|
The rent attributable to personal property under a lease is the
amount that bears the same ratio to total rent under the lease
for the taxable year as the average of the fair market values of
the leased personal property at the beginning and at the end of
the taxable year bears to the average of the aggregate fair
market values of both the real and personal property covered by
the lease at the beginning and at the end of such taxable year
(the personal property ratio). With respect to each
of our leases, we believe that the personal property ratio
generally is less than 15%. Where that is not, or may in the
future not be, the case, we believe that any income attributable
to personal property will not jeopardize our ability to qualify
as a REIT. |
|
|
|
|
|
Fourth, we cannot furnish or render noncustomary services to the
tenants of our properties, or manage or operate our properties,
other than through an independent contractor who is adequately
compensated and from whom we do not derive or receive any
income. However, we need not provide services through an
independent contractor, but instead may provide
services directly to our tenants, if the services are
usually or customarily rendered in connection with
the rental of space for occupancy only and are not considered to
be provided for the tenants convenience. In addition, we
may provide a minimal amount of noncustomary
services to the tenants of a property, other than through an
independent contractor, as long as our income from the services
does not exceed 1% of our income from the related property.
Finally, we may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more
taxable REIT subsidiaries, which may provide noncustomary
services to our tenants without tainting our rents from the
related properties. |
We do not intend to perform any services other than customary
ones for our lessees, other than services provided through
independent contractors or taxable REIT subsidiaries. If a
portion of the rent we receive from a property does not qualify
as rents from real property because the rent
attributable to personal property exceeds 15% of the total rent
for a taxable year, the portion of the rent attributable to
personal property will not be qualifying income for purposes of
either the 75% or 95% gross income test. If rent attributable to
personal property, plus any other income that is nonqualifying
income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, during a
taxable year exceeds 5% of our gross income during the year, we
would lose our REIT status. By contrast, in the following
circumstances, none of the rent from a lease of property would
qualify as rents from real property: (1) the
rent is considered based on the income or profits of the lessee;
(2) the lessee is a related party tenant or fails to
qualify for the exception to the related-party tenant rule for
qualifying taxable REIT subsidiaries; or (3) we furnish
noncustomary services to the tenants of the property, or manage
or operate the property, other than through a qualifying
independent contractor or a TRS and our income from the services
exceeds 1% of our income from the related property.
Tenants may be required to pay, besides base rent,
reimbursements for certain amounts we are obligated to pay to
third parties (such as utility and telephone companies),
penalties for nonpayment or late payment of rent, lease
application or administrative fees. These and other similar
payments should qualify as rents from real property.
Interest. The term interest generally does
not include any amount received or accrued, directly or
indirectly, if the determination of the amount depends in whole
or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, an
amount received or accrued generally will not be excluded from
the term interest solely because it is based on a
fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales.
Furthermore, in the
132
case of a shared appreciation mortgage, any additional interest
received on a sale of the secured property will be treated as
gain from the sale of the secured property.
Prohibited Transactions. A REIT will incur a 100% tax on
the net income derived from any sale or other disposition of
property, other than foreclosure property, that the REIT holds
primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a
trade or business. We do not have any current intention to sell
any of our properties. Even if we do sell any of our properties,
we believe that none of our assets will be held primarily for
sale to customers and that a sale of any of our assets will not
be in the ordinary course of our business. Whether a REIT holds
an asset primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary
course of a trade or business depends, however, on the
facts and circumstances in effect from time to time, including
those related to a particular asset. Nevertheless, we will
attempt to comply with the terms of safe- harbor provisions in
the federal income tax laws prescribing when an asset sale will
not be characterized as a prohibited transaction.
Foreclosure Property. We will be subject to tax at the
maximum corporate rate on certain income from foreclosure
property. We do not own any foreclosure properties and do not
expect to own any foreclosure properties in the future. This
would only change in the future if we were to make loans to
third parties secured by real property.
Hedging Transactions. From time to time, we may enter
into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our
assets or liabilities. Our hedging activities may include
entering into interest rate swaps, caps, and floors, options to
purchase such items, and futures and forward contracts. For
2004, any periodic income or gain from the disposition of any
financial instrument for these or similar transactions to hedge
indebtedness we incur to acquire or carry real estate
assets should be qualifying income for purposes of the 95%
gross income test, but not the 75% gross income test. Beginning
in 2005, income from certain hedging transactions, clearly
identified as such, is not included in our gross income for
purposes of the 95% gross income test. Since the financial
markets continually introduce new and innovative instruments
related to risk-sharing or trading, it is not entirely clear
which such instruments will generate income which will be
considered qualifying income for purposes of the gross income
tests. We intend to structure any hedging or similar
transactions so as not to jeopardize our status as a REIT.
Failure
to Satisfy Gross Income Tests
Beginning in 2005, if we fail to satisfy one or both of the
gross income tests for any taxable year, we nevertheless may
qualify as a REIT for that year if we qualify for relief under
certain provisions of the federal income tax laws. Those relief
provisions generally will be available if:
|
|
|
|
|
our failure to meet the income tests was due to reasonable cause
and not due to willful neglect; and |
|
|
|
we file a description of each item of our gross income in
accordance with applicable Treasury Regulations. |
We cannot with certainty predict whether any failure to meet
these tests will qualify for the relief provisions. As discussed
above in Taxation of Our Company, even if the
relief provisions apply, we would incur a 100% tax on the gross
income attributable to the greater of the amounts by which we
fail the 75% and 95% gross income tests, multiplied by a
fraction intended to reflect our profitability.
Asset
Tests
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we also must satisfy
the following asset tests at the end of each quarter of each
taxable year:
|
|
|
|
|
First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must
consist of: (a) cash or cash items, including certain
receivables, (b) government securities, (c) interests
in real property, including leaseholds and options to acquire
real property and leaseholds, (d) interests in mortgages on
real property, (e) stock in other REITs, and
(f) investments in stock or debt instruments during the |
133
|
|
|
|
|
one year period following our receipt of new capital that we
raise through equity offerings or offerings of debt with at
least a five year term; |
|
|
|
Second, of our investments not included in the 75% asset class,
the value of our interest in any one issuers securities
may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets; |
|
|
|
Third, we may not own more than 10% of the voting power or value
of any one issuers outstanding securities; |
|
|
|
Fourth, no more than 20% of the value of our total assets may
consist of the securities of one or more taxable REIT
subsidiaries; and |
|
|
|
Fifth, no more than 25% of the value of our total assets may
consist of the securities of taxable REIT subsidiaries and other
non-TRS taxable subsidiaries and other assets that are not
qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test. |
For purposes of the second and third asset tests, the term
securities does not include stock in another REIT,
equity or debt securities of a qualified REIT subsidiary or TRS,
mortgage loans that constitute real estate assets, or equity
interests in a partnership. For purposes of the 10% value test,
the term securities generally does not include debt
securities issued by a partnership to the extent of our interest
as a partner of the partnership or if at least 75% of the
partnerships gross income (excluding income from
prohibited transactions) is qualifying income for purposes of
the 75% gross income test. In addition certain straight
debt securities are not treated as securities
for purposes of the 10% value test.
Failure
to Satisfy the Asset Tests
We will monitor the status of our assets for purposes of the
various asset tests and will manage our portfolio in order to
comply at all times with such tests. If we fail to satisfy the
asset tests at the end of a calendar quarter, we will not lose
our REIT status if:
|
|
|
|
|
we satisfied the asset tests at the end of the preceding
calendar quarter; and |
|
|
|
the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset
test requirements arose from changes in the market values of our
assets and was not wholly or partly caused by the acquisition of
one or more non-qualifying assets. |
If we did not satisfy the condition described in the second
item, above, we still could avoid disqualification by
eliminating any discrepancy within 30 days after the close
of the calendar quarter in which it arose.
Beginning in the 2005 taxable year, if we fail to satisfy one or
more of the asset tests for any quarter of a taxable year, we
nevertheless may qualify as a REIT for such year if we qualify
for relief under certain provisions of the Code. These relief
provisions generally will be available for failures of the 5%
asset test and the 10% asset tests if (i) the failure is
due to the ownership of assets that do not exceed the lesser of
1% of our total assets or $10 million, and the failure is
corrected within 6 months following the quarter in which it
was discovered, or (ii) the failure is due to ownership of
assets that exceed the amount in (i) above, the failure is
due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, we file
a schedule with a description of each asset causing the failure
in accordance with Treasury Regulations, the failure is
corrected within 6 months following the quarter in which it
was discovered, and we pay a tax consisting of the greater of
$50,000 or a tax computed at the highest corporate rate on the
amount of net income generated by the assets causing the failure
from the date of failure until the assets are disposed of or we
otherwise return to compliance with the asset test. We may not
qualify for the relief provisions in all circumstances.
Distribution
Requirements
Each taxable year, we must distribute dividends, other than
capital gain dividends and deemed distributions of retained
capital gains, to our stockholders in an aggregate amount not
less than: the sum of (a) 90% of our REIT taxable
income, computed without regard to the dividends-paid
deduction or our
134
net capital gain or loss, and (b) 90% of our after-tax net
income, if any, from foreclosure property, minus the sum of
certain items of non-cash income.
We must pay such dividends in the taxable year to which they
relate, or in the following taxable year if we declare the
dividend before we timely file our federal income tax return for
the year and pay the dividend on or before the first regular
dividend payment date after such declaration.
To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital
gains or distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our
real estate investment trust taxable income, as adjusted, we
will have to pay tax on those amounts at regular ordinary and
capital gains corporate tax rates. Furthermore, if we fail to
distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of
(a) 85% of our ordinary income for that year, (b) 95%
of our capital gain net income for that year, and (c) any
undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we would have
to pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of the
required dividend over the amounts actually distributed.
We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term
capital gains we receive in a taxable year. See
Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders. If
we so elect, we will be treated as having distributed any such
retained amount for purposes of the 4% excise tax described
above. We intend to make timely dividends sufficient to satisfy
the annual dividend requirements and to avoid corporate income
tax and the 4% excise tax.
It is possible that, from time to time, we may experience timing
differences between the actual receipt of income and actual
payment of deductible expenses and the inclusion of that income
and deduction of such expenses in arriving at our REIT taxable
income. For example, we may not deduct recognized capital losses
from our REIT taxable income. Further, it is
possible that, from time to time, we may be allocated a share of
net capital gains attributable to the sale of depreciated
property that exceeds our allocable share of cash attributable
to that sale. As a result of the foregoing, we may have less
cash than is necessary to distribute all of our taxable income
and thereby avoid corporate income tax and the excise tax
imposed on certain undistributed income. In such a situation, we
may need to borrow funds or issue additional common or preferred
shares or pay dividends in the form of taxable stock dividends.
Under certain circumstances, we may be able to correct a failure
to meet the distribution requirements for a year by paying
deficiency dividends to our stockholders in a later
year. We may include such deficiency dividends in our deduction
for dividends paid for the earlier year. Although we may be able
to avoid income tax on amounts distributed as deficiency
dividends, we will be required to pay interest based upon the
amount of any deduction we take for deficiency dividends.
Recordkeeping
Requirements
We must maintain certain records in order to qualify as a REIT.
In addition, to avoid paying a penalty, we must request on an
annual basis information from our stockholders designed to
disclose the actual ownership of the outstanding common shares.
We have complied and intend to continue to comply with these
requirements.
Accounting
Period
In order to elect to be taxed as a REIT, we must use a calendar
year accounting period. We use the calendar year as our
accounting period for federal income tax purposes for each and
every year we intend to operate as a REIT.
Failure
to Qualify as a REIT
If we failed to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and no
relief provision applied, we would have the following
consequences. We would be subject to federal income tax and any
applicable alternative minimum tax at rates applicable to
regular C corporations on our taxable income, determined without
reduction for amounts distributed to stockholders. We would not
be required to make any distributions to stockholders, and any
dividends to stockholders would be taxable as ordinary income to
the extent of our
135
current and accumulated earnings and profits (which may be
subject to tax at preferential rates to individual
stockholders). Corporate stockholders could be eligible for a
dividends-received deduction if certain conditions are
satisfied. Unless we qualified for relief under specific
statutory provisions, we would not be permitted to elect
taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year
during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT. We might not be
entitled to the statutory relief described in this paragraph in
all circumstances.
Relief
From Certain Failures of the REIT Qualification
Provisions
Beginning in the 2005 taxable year, if we fail to satisfy one or
more of the requirements for REIT qualification (other than the
income tests or the asset tests), we nevertheless may avoid
termination of our REIT election in such year if the failure is
due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and we
pay a penalty of $50,000 for each failure to satisfy the REIT
qualification requirements. We may not qualify for this relief
provision in all circumstances.
Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders
As used in this section, the term
U.S. stockholder means a holder of common stock
who, for United States Federal income tax purposes, is:
|
|
|
|
|
a citizen or resident of the United States; |
|
|
|
a domestic corporation; |
|
|
|
an estate whose income is subject to United States Federal
income taxation regardless of its source; or |
|
|
|
a trust if a United States court can exercise primary
supervision over the trusts administration and one or more
United States persons have authority to control all substantial
decisions of the trust. |
As long as we qualify as a REIT, distributions made by us out of
our current or accumulated earnings and profits, and not
designated as capital gain dividends, will constitute dividends
taxable to our taxable U.S. stockholders as ordinary
income. Individuals receiving qualified dividends
from domestic and certain qualifying foreign subchapter C
corporations may be entitled to lower rates on dividends (at
rates applicable to long-term capital gains, currently at a
maximum rate of 15%) provided certain holding period
requirements are met. However, individuals receiving dividend
distributions from us, a REIT, will generally not be eligible
for the recent lower rates on dividends except with respect to
the portion of any distribution which (a) represents
dividends being passed through to us from a corporation in which
we own shares (but only if such dividends would be eligible for
the recent lower rates on dividends if paid by the corporation
to its individual stockholders), including dividends from our
TRS, (b) is equal to our REIT taxable income (taking into
account the dividends paid deduction available to us) less any
taxes paid by us on these items during our previous taxable
year, or (c) are attributable to built-in gains realized
and recognized by us from disposition of properties acquired by
us in non-recognition transaction, less any taxes paid by us on
these items during our previous taxable year. The lower rates
will apply only to the extent we designate a distribution as
qualified dividend income in a written notice to you. Individual
taxable U.S. stockholders should consult their own tax
advisors to determine the impact of these provisions. Dividends
of this kind will not be eligible for the dividends received
deduction in the case of taxable U.S. stockholders that are
corporations. Dividends made by us that we properly designate as
capital gain dividends will be taxable to taxable
U.S. stockholders as gain from the sale of a capital asset
held for more than one year, to the extent that they do not
exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year, without
regard to the period for which a taxable U.S. stockholder
has held his common stock. Thus, with certain limitations,
capital gain dividends received by an individual taxable
U.S. stockholder may be eligible for preferential rates of
taxation. Taxable U.S. stockholders that are corporations
may, however, be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital
gain dividends as ordinary income.
To the extent that we pay dividends, not designated as capital
gain dividends, in excess of our current and accumulated
earnings and profits, these dividends will be treated first as a
tax-free return of capital to each
136
taxable U.S. stockholder. We expect that approximately 60%
of our 2005 annual distribution will represent a return of
capital for federal income tax purposes. Thus, these dividends
will reduce the adjusted basis which the taxable
U.S. stockholder has in our common stock for tax purposes
by the amount of the dividend, but not below zero. Dividends in
excess of a taxable U.S. stockholders adjusted basis
in his common stock will be taxable as capital gains, provided
that the common stock have been held as a capital asset.
Dividends authorized by us in October, November, or December of
any year and payable to a stockholder of record on a specified
date in any of these months will be treated as both paid by us
and received by the stockholder on December 31 of that
year, provided that we actually pay the dividend in January of
the following calendar year. Stockholders may not include in
their own income tax returns any of our net operating losses or
capital losses.
We may elect to retain, rather than distribute, all or a portion
of our net long-term capital gains and pay the tax on such
gains. If we make such an election, we will designate amounts as
undistributed capital gains in respect of your shares or
beneficial interests by written notice to you which we will mail
out to you with our annual report or at any time within
60 days after December 31 of any year. When we make
such an election, taxable U.S. stockholders holding common
stock at the close of our taxable year will be required to
include, in computing their long-term capital gains for the
taxable year in which the last day of our taxable year falls,
the amount that we designate in a written notice mailed to our
stockholders. We may not designate amounts in excess of our
undistributed net capital gain for the taxable year. Each
taxable U.S. stockholder required to include the designated
amount in determining the stockholders long-term capital
gains will be deemed to have paid, in the taxable year of the
inclusion, the tax paid by us in respect of the undistributed
net capital gains. Taxable U.S. stockholders to whom these
rules apply will be allowed a credit or a refund, as the case
may be, for the tax they are deemed to have paid. Taxable
U.S. stockholders will increase their basis in their common
stock by the difference between the amount of the includible
gains and the tax deemed paid by the stockholder in respect of
these gains.
Dividends made by us and gain arising from a taxable
U.S. stockholders sale or exchange of our common
stock will not be treated as passive activity income. As a
result, taxable U.S. stockholders generally will not be
able to apply any passive losses against that income or gain.
When a taxable U.S. stockholder sells or otherwise disposes
of our common stock, the stockholder will recognize gain or loss
for Federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the
difference between (a) the amount of cash and the fair
market value of any property received on the sale or other
disposition, and (b) the holders adjusted basis in
the common stock for tax purposes. This gain or loss will be
capital gain or loss if the U.S. stockholder has held the
common stock as a capital asset. The gain or loss will be
long-term gain or loss if the U.S. stockholder has held the
common stock for more than one year. Long-term capital gains of
an individual taxable U.S. stockholder is generally taxed
at preferential rates. The highest marginal individual income
tax rate is currently 35%. The maximum tax rate on long-term
capital gains applicable to individuals is 15% for sales and
exchanges of assets held for more than one year and occurring
after May 6, 2003 through December 31, 2008. The
maximum tax rate on long-term capital gains from the sale or
exchange of section 1250 property (i.e.,
generally, depreciable real property) is 25% to the extent the
gain would have been treated as ordinary income if the property
were section 1245 property (i.e., generally,
depreciable personal property). We generally may designate
whether a distribution we designate as capital gain dividends
(and any retained capital gain that we are deemed to distribute)
is taxable to non-corporate stockholders at a 15% or 25% rate.
The characterization of income as capital gain or ordinary
income may affect the deductibility of capital losses. A
non-corporate taxpayer may deduct capital losses not offset by
capital gains against its ordinary income only up to a maximum
of $3,000 annually. A non-corporate taxpayer may carry unused
capital losses forward indefinitely. A corporate taxpayer must
pay tax on its net capital gains at corporate ordinary-income
rates. A corporate taxpayer may deduct capital losses only to
the extent of capital gains, with unused losses carried back
three years and forward five years. In general, any loss
recognized by a taxable U.S. stockholder when the
stockholder sells or otherwise disposes of our common stock that
the stockholder has held for six months or less, after applying
certain holding period rules, will be treated as a long-term
capital loss, to the extent
137
of dividends received by the stockholder from us which were
required to be treated as long-term capital gains.
Information
Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding
We will report to our stockholders and to the Internal Revenue
Service the amount of dividends we pay during each calendar year
and the amount of tax we withhold, if any. A stockholder may be
subject to backup withholding at a rate of 28% with respect to
dividends unless the holder:
|
|
|
|
|
is a corporation or comes within certain other exempt categories
and, when required, demonstrates this fact; or |
|
|
|
provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no
loss of exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise
complies with the applicable requirements of the backup
withholding rules. |
A stockholder who does not provide us with its correct taxpayer
identification number also may be subject to penalties imposed
by the Internal Revenue Service. Any amount paid as backup
withholding will be creditable against the stockholders
income tax liability. In addition, we may be required to
withhold a portion of capital gain dividends to any stockholders
who fail to certify their non-foreign status to us. For a
discussion of the backup withholding rules as applied to
non-U.S. stockholders, see Taxation of
Non-U.S. Stockholders.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt
Stockholders
Amounts distributed as dividends by a REIT generally do not
constitute unrelated business taxable income when received by a
tax-exempt entity. Provided that a tax-exempt stockholder is not
one of the types of entity described in the next paragraph and
has not held its common stock as debt financed
property within the meaning of the Code, and the common
stock are not otherwise used in a trade or business, the
dividend income from the common stock will not be unrelated
business taxable income to a tax-exempt stockholder. Similarly,
income from the sale of common stock will not constitute
unrelated business taxable income unless the tax-exempt
stockholder has held the common stock as debt financed
property within the meaning of the Code or has used the
common stock in a trade or business.
Income from an investment in our common stock will constitute
unrelated business taxable income for tax-exempt stockholders
that are social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations,
supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, and qualified group
legal services plans exempt from Federal income taxation under
the applicable subsections of Section 501(c) of the Code,
unless the organization is able to properly deduct amounts set
aside or placed in reserve for certain purposes so as to offset
the income generated by its common stock. Prospective investors
of the types described in the preceding sentence should consult
their own tax advisors concerning these set aside
and reserve requirements.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, a portion of the
dividends paid by a pension-held REIT will be
treated as unrelated business taxable income to any trust which:
|
|
|
|
|
is described in Section 401(a) of the Code; |
|
|
|
is tax-exempt under Section 501(a) of the Code; and |
|
|
|
holds more than 10% (by value) of the equity interests in the
REIT. |
Tax-exempt pension, profit-sharing and stock bonus funds that
are described in Section 401(a) of the Code are referred to
below as qualified trusts. A REIT is a
pension-held REIT if:
|
|
|
|
|
it would not have qualified as a REIT but for the fact that
Section 856(h)(3) of the Code provides that stock owned by
qualified trusts will be treated, for purposes of the not
closely held requirement, as owned by the beneficiaries of
the trust (rather than by the trust itself); and |
138
|
|
|
|
|
either (a) at least one qualified trust holds more than 25%
by value of the interests in the REIT or (b) one or more
qualified trusts, each of which owns more than 10% by value of
the interests in the REIT, hold in the aggregate more than 50%
by value of the interests in the REIT. |
The percentage of any REIT dividend treated as unrelated
business taxable income to a qualifying trust is equal to the
ratio of (a) the gross income of the REIT from unrelated
trades or businesses, determined as though the REIT were a
qualified trust, less direct expenses related to this gross
income, to (b) the total gross income of the REIT, less
direct expenses related to the total gross income. A de minimis
exception applies where this percentage is less than 5% for any
year. We do not expect to be classified as a pension-held REIT,
but this cannot be guaranteed.
The rules described above in Taxation of Taxable
U.S. Stockholders concerning the inclusion of our
designated undistributed net capital gains in the income of our
stockholders will apply to tax-exempt entities. Thus, tax-exempt
entities will be allowed a credit or refund of the tax deemed
paid by these entities in respect of the includible gains.
Taxation
of Non-U.S. Stockholders
The rules governing U.S. Federal income taxation of
nonresident alien individuals, foreign corporations, foreign
partnerships, and other foreign stockholders are complex. This
section is only a summary of such rules. We urge
non-U.S. stockholders to consult their own tax advisors to
determine the impact of federal, state, and local income tax
laws on ownership of common shares, including any reporting
requirements.
Ordinary Dividends. Dividends, other than dividends that
are treated as attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by
us of U.S. real property interests, as discussed below, and
other than dividends designated by us as capital gain dividends,
will be treated as ordinary income to the extent that they are
made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. A
withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of the dividend
will ordinarily apply to dividends of this kind to
non-U.S. stockholders, unless an applicable income tax
treaty reduces that tax. However, if income from an investment
in our common stock is treated as effectively connected with the
non-U.S. stockholders conduct of a U.S. trade or
business or is attributable to a permanent establishment that
the non-U.S. stockholder maintains in the United States (if
that is required by an applicable income tax treaty as a
condition for subjecting the non-U.S. stockholder to
U.S. taxation on a net income basis), tax at graduated
rates will generally apply to the non-U.S. stockholder in
the same manner as U.S. stockholders are taxed with respect
to dividends, and the 30% branch profits tax may also apply if
the stockholder is a foreign corporation. We expect to withhold
U.S. tax at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any
dividends, other than dividends treated as attributable to gain
from sales or exchanges of U.S. real property interests and
capital gain dividends, paid to a non-U.S. stockholder,
unless (a) a lower treaty rate applies and the required
form evidencing eligibility for that reduced rate (ordinarily,
IRS Form W-8 BEN) is filed with us or the appropriate
withholding agent or (b) the non-U.S. stockholder
files an IRS Form W-8 ECI or a successor form with us or
the appropriate withholding agent claiming that the dividends
are effectively connected with the
non-U.S. stockholders conduct of a U.S. trade or
business.
Dividends to a non-U.S. stockholder that are designated by
us at the time of dividend as capital gain dividends which are
not attributable to or treated as attributable to the
disposition by us of a U.S. real property interest
generally will not be subject to U.S. Federal income
taxation, except as described below.
Return of Capital. Distributions in excess of our current
and accumulated earnings and profits, which are not treated as
attributable to the gain from our disposition of a
U.S. real property interest, will not be taxable to a
non-U.S. stockholder to the extent that they do not exceed
the adjusted basis of the non-U.S. stockholders
common stock. Distributions of this kind will instead reduce the
adjusted basis of the common stock. To the extent that
distributions of this kind exceed the adjusted basis of a
non-U.S. stockholders common stock, they will give
rise to tax liability if the non-U.S. stockholder otherwise
would have to pay tax on any gain from the sale or disposition
of its common stock, as described below. If it cannot be
determined at the time a distribution is made whether the
distribution will be in excess of current and accumulated
earnings and profits, withholding will apply to the distribution
at the
139
rate applicable to dividends. However, the
non-U.S. stockholder may seek a refund of these amounts
from the IRS if it is subsequently determined that the
distribution was, in fact, in excess of our current accumulated
earnings and profits.
Capital Gain Dividends. For any year in which we qualify
as a REIT, dividends that are attributable to gain from sales or
exchanges by us of U.S. real property interests will be
taxed to a non-U.S. stockholder under the provisions of the
Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, as amended.
Under this statute, these dividends are taxed to a
non-U.S. stockholder as if the gain were effectively
connected with a U.S. business. Thus,
non-U.S. stockholders will be taxed on the dividends at the
normal capital gain rates applicable to U.S. stockholders,
subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax and special
alternative minimum tax in the case of
non-U.S. stockholders that are individuals. Beginning in
our 2005 taxable year, the above rules relating to distributions
attributable to gains from our sales or exchanges of
U.S. real property interests (or such gains that are
retained and deemed to be distributed) will not apply with
respect to a non-U.S. stockholder that does not own more
than 5% of our common stock at any time during the taxable year,
provided our common stock is regularly traded on an
established securities market in the United States. We are
required by applicable Treasury Regulations under the Foreign
Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, as amended, to
withhold 35% of any distribution that we could designate as a
capital gains dividend. However, if we designate as a capital
gain dividend a distribution made before the day we actually
effect the designation, then although the distribution may be
taxable to a non-U.S. stockholder, withholding does not
apply to the distribution under this statute. Rather, we must
effect the 35% withholding from distributions made on and after
the date of the designation, until the distributions so withheld
equal the amount of the prior distribution designated as a
capital gain dividend. The non-U.S. stockholder may credit
the amount withheld against its U.S. tax liability.
Sale of Common Stock. Gain recognized by a
non-U.S. stockholder upon a sale or exchange of our common
stock generally will not be taxed under the Foreign Investment
in Real Property Tax Act if we are a domestically
controlled REIT, defined generally as a REIT, less than
50% in value of whose stock is and was held directly or
indirectly by foreign persons at all times during a specified
testing period. We believe that we will be a domestically
controlled REIT, and, therefore, that taxation under this
statute generally will not apply to the sale of our common
stock, however, because our stock is publicly traded, no
assurance can be given that the we will qualify as a
domestically controlled REIT at any time in the future. Gain to
which this statute does not apply will be taxable to a
non-U.S. stockholder if investment in the common stock is
treated as effectively connected with the
non-U.S. stockholders U.S. trade or business or
is attributable to a permanent establishment that the
non-U.S. stockholder maintains in the United States (if
that is required by an applicable income tax treaty as a
condition for subjecting the non-U.S. stockholder to
U.S. taxation on a net income basis). In this case, the
same treatment will apply to the non-U.S. stockholder as to
U.S. stockholders with respect to the gain. In addition,
gain to which the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act
does not apply will be taxable to a non-U.S. stockholder if
the non-U.S. stockholder is a nonresident alien individual
who was present in the United States for 183 days or more
during the taxable year to which the gain is attributable. In
this case, a 30% tax will apply to the nonresident alien
individuals capital gains. A similar rule will apply to
capital gain dividends to which this statute does not apply.
If we were not a domestically controlled REIT, tax under the
Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act would apply to a
non-U.S. stockholders sale of common stock only if
the selling non-U.S. stockholder owned more than 5% of the
class of common stock sold at any time during a specified
period. This period is generally the shorter of the period that
the non-U.S. stockholder owned the common stock sold or the
five-year period ending on the date when the stockholder
disposed of the common stock. If tax under this statute applies
to the gain on the sale of common stock, the same treatment
would apply to the non-U.S. stockholder as to
U.S. stockholders with respect to the gain, subject to any
applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative
minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals.
140
|
|
|
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting |
If you are a non-U.S. stockholder, you are generally exempt
from backup withholding and information reporting requirements
with respect to:
|
|
|
|
|
dividend payments; |
|
|
|
the payment of the proceeds from the sale of common stock
effected at a United States office of a broker, as long as the
income associated with these payments is otherwise exempt from
United States Federal income tax; and |
|
|
|
the payor or broker does not have actual knowledge or reason to
know that you are a United States person and you have furnished
to the payor or broker: (a) a valid Internal Revenue
Service Form W-8BEN or an acceptable substitute form upon which
you certify, under penalties of perjury, that you are a
non-United States person, or (b) other documentation upon
which it may rely to treat the payments as made to a non-United
States person in accordance with U.S. Treasury Regulations,
or (c) you otherwise establish an exemption. |
Payment of the proceeds from the sale of common stock effected
at a foreign office of a broker generally will not be subject to
information reporting or backup withholding. However, a sale of
common stock that is effected at a foreign office of a broker
will be subject to information reporting and backup withholding
if:
|
|
|
|
|
the proceeds are transferred to an account maintained by you in
the United States; |
|
|
|
the payment of proceeds or the confirmation of the sale is
mailed to you at a United States address; or |
|
|
|
the sale has some other specified connection with the United
States as provided in U.S. Treasury Regulations, |
unless the broker does not have actual knowledge or reason to
know that you are a United States person and the documentation
requirements described above are met or you otherwise establish
an exemption.
In addition, a sale of common stock will be subject to
information reporting if it is effected at a foreign office of a
broker that is:
|
|
|
|
|
a United States person; |
|
|
|
a controlled foreign corporation for United States tax purposes; |
|
|
|
a foreign person 50% or more of whose gross income is
effectively connected with the conduct of a United States trade
or business for a specified three-year period; or |
|
|
|
a foreign partnership, if at any time during its tax year:
(a) one or more of its partners are
U.S. persons, as defined in U.S. Treasury
Regulations, who in the aggregate hold more than 50% of the
income or capital interest in the partnership, or (b) such
foreign partnership is engaged in the conduct of a United States
trade or business, |
unless the broker does not have actual knowledge or reason to
know that you are a United States person and the documentation
requirements described above are met or you otherwise establish
an exemption. Backup withholding will apply if the sale is
subject to information reporting and the broker has actual
knowledge that you are a United States person. You generally may
obtain a refund of any amounts withheld under the backup
withholding rules that exceed your income tax liability by
filing a refund claim with the Internal Revenue Service.
Tax
Aspects of Our Investments in Our Operating Partnership
The following discussion summarizes certain federal income tax
considerations applicable to our direct or indirect investment
in our Operating Partnership and any subsidiary partnerships or
limited liability companies we form or acquire, each
individually referred to as a Partnership and, collectively, as
141
Partnerships. The following discussion does not cover state or
local tax laws or any federal tax laws other than income tax
laws.
Classification
as Partnerships
We are entitled to include in our income our distributive share
of each Partnerships income and to deduct our distributive
share of each Partnerships losses only if such Partnership
is classified for federal income tax purposes as a partnership,
rather than as a corporation or an association taxable as a
corporation. An organization with at least two owners or
partners will be classified as a partnership, rather than as a
corporation, for federal income tax purposes if it:
|
|
|
|
|
is treated as a partnership under the Treasury Regulations
relating to entity classification (the check-the-box
regulations); and |
|
|
|
is not a publicly traded partnership. |
Under the check-the-box regulations, an unincorporated business
entity with at least two owners or partners may elect to be
classified either as a corporation or as a partnership. If such
an entity does not make an election, it generally will be
treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes.
We intend that each partnership we own an interest in will be
classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes (or
else a disregarded entity where there are not at least two
separate beneficial owners).
A publicly traded partnership is a partnership whose interests
are traded on an established securities market or are readily
tradable on a secondary market (or a substantial equivalent). A
publicly traded partnership is generally treated as a
corporation for federal income tax purposes, but will not be so
treated for any taxable year for which at least 90% of the
partnerships gross income consists of specified passive
income, including real property rents, gains from the sale or
other disposition of real property, interest, and dividends (the
90% passive income exception). Treasury Regulations
provide limited safe harbors from treatment as a publicly traded
partnership. Pursuant to one of those safe harbors, known as the
private placement exclusion, interests in a partnership will not
be treated as readily tradable on a secondary market or the
substantial equivalent thereof if (1) all interests in the
partnership were issued in a transaction or transactions that
were not required to be registered under the Securities Act, and
(2) the partnership does not have more than 100 partners at
any time during the partnerships taxable year. For the
determination of the number of partners in a partnership, a
person owning an interest in a partnership, grantor trust, or
S corporation that owns an interest in the partnership is
treated as a partner in the partnership only if
(1) substantially all of the value of the owners
interest in the entity is attributable to the entitys
direct or indirect interest in the partnership, and (2) a
principal purpose of the use of the entity is to permit the
partnership to satisfy the 100-partner limitation.
We expect that each partnership we own an interest in will
qualify for the private placement exclusion, one of the other
safe harbors from treatment as a publicly traded partnership,
and/or will satisfy the 90% passive income exception.
Income Taxation of the Partnerships and Their Partners
We own 99.0% of the interests in our Operating Partnership and
certain subsidiary partnerships. Entities that we own 100% of
the interests in (directly or through other disregarded
entities) will be treated as disregarded entities. In addition
we may hold interests in partnership or LLCs that are not
disregarded entities (the Partnership or
Partnerships).
Partners, Not the Partnerships, Subject to Tax. A
Partnership is not a taxable entity for federal income tax
purposes. We will therefore take into account our allocable
share of each Partnerships income, gains, losses,
deductions, and credits for each taxable year of the Partnership
ending with or within our taxable year, even if we receive no
distribution from the Partnership for that year or a
distribution less than our share of taxable income. Similarly,
even if we receive a distribution, it may not be taxable if the
distribution does not exceed our adjusted tax basis in our
interest in the Partnership.
142
Partnership Allocations. Although a partnership agreement
generally will determine the allocation of income and losses
among partners, allocations will be disregarded for tax purposes
if they do not comply with the provisions of the federal income
tax laws governing partnership allocations. If an allocation is
not recognized for federal income tax purposes, the item subject
to the allocation will be reallocated in accordance with the
partners interests in the Partnership, which will be
determined by taking into account all of the facts and
circumstances relating to the economic arrangement of the
partners with respect to such item. Each Partnerships
allocations of taxable income, gain, and loss are intended to
comply with the requirements of the federal income tax laws
governing partnership allocations.
Sale of a Partnerships Property. Generally, any
gain realized by a Partnership on the sale of property held for
more than one year will be long-term capital gain, except for
any portion of the gain treated as depreciation or cost recovery
recapture. Conversely, our share of any Partnership gain from
the sale of inventory or other property held primarily for sale
to customers in the ordinary course of the Partnerships
trade or business will be treated as income from a prohibited
transaction subject to a 100% tax. Income from a prohibited
transaction may have an adverse effect on our ability to satisfy
the gross income tests for REIT status. See
Requirements for Qualification. We do not
presently intend to acquire or hold, or to allow any Partnership
to acquire or hold, any property that is likely to be treated as
inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in
the ordinary course of our, or the Partnerships, trade or
business.
State
and Local Taxes
We and/or our stockholders may be subject to taxation by various
states and localities, including those in which we or a
stockholder transacts business, owns property or resides. The
state and local tax treatment may differ from the federal income
tax treatment described above. Consequently, stockholders should
consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and
local tax laws upon an investment in the common shares.
143
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
General
The following is a summary of certain material considerations
arising under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
1974, as amended, or ERISA, and the prohibited transaction
provisions of Section 4975 of the Code that may be relevant
to a prospective purchaser. The following summary may also be
relevant to a prospective purchaser that is not an employee
benefit plan which is subject to ERISA, but is a tax-qualified
retirement plan or an individual retirement account, individual
retirement annuity, medical savings account or education
individual retirement account, which we refer to collectively as
an IRA. This discussion does not address all aspects
of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code or, to the extent not
preempted, state law that may be relevant to particular employee
benefit plan stockholders in light of their particular
circumstances, including plans subject to Title I of ERISA,
other employee benefit plans and IRAs subject to the prohibited
transaction provisions of Section 4975 of the Code, and
governmental, church, foreign and other plans that are exempt
from ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code but that may be
subject to other federal, state, local or foreign law
requirements.
A fiduciary making the decision to invest in shares of our
common stock on behalf of a prospective purchaser which is an
ERISA plan, a tax-qualified retirement plan, an IRA or other
employee benefit plan is advised to consult its legal advisor
regarding the specific considerations arising under ERISA,
Section 4975 of the Code, and, to the extent not preempted,
state law with respect to the purchase, ownership or sale of
shares of our common stock by the plan or IRA.
Plans should also consider the entire discussion under the
heading Federal Income Tax Considerations, as
material contained in that section is relevant to any decision
by an employee benefit plan, tax-qualified retirement plan or
IRA to purchase our common stock.
Employee Benefit Plans, Tax-Qualified Retirement Plans and
IRAs
Each fiduciary of an ERISA plan, which is an
employee benefit plan subject to Title I of ERISA, should
carefully consider whether an investment in shares of our common
stock is consistent with its fiduciary responsibilities under
ERISA. In particular, the fiduciary requirements of Part 4
of Title I of ERISA require that:
|
|
|
|
|
an ERISA plan make investments that are prudent and in the best
interests of the ERISA plan, its participants and beneficiaries; |
|
|
|
an ERISA plan make investments that are diversified in order to
reduce the risk of large losses, unless it is clearly prudent
for the ERISA plan not to do so; |
|
|
|
an ERISA plans investments are authorized under ERISA and
the terms of the governing documents of the ERISA plan; and |
|
|
|
the fiduciary not cause the ERISA plan to enter into
transactions prohibited under Section 406 of ERISA (and
certain corresponding provisions of the Code). |
In determining whether an investment in shares of our common
stock is prudent for ERISA purposes, the appropriate fiduciary
of an ERISA plan should consider all of the facts and
circumstances, including whether the investment is reasonably
designed, as a part of the ERISA plans portfolio for which
the fiduciary has investment responsibility, to meet the
objectives of the ERISA plan, taking into consideration the risk
of loss and opportunity for gain or other return from the
investment, the diversification, cash flow and funding
requirements of the ERISA plan, and the liquidity and current
return of the ERISA plans portfolio. A fiduciary should
also take into account the nature of our business, the length of
our operating history and other matters described in the section
entitled Risk Factors.
The fiduciary of an IRA or an employee benefit plan not subject
to Title I of ERISA because it is a governmental or church
plan, if no election has been made under Section 410(d) of
the Code, or because it does not cover common law employees
should consider that it may only make investments that are
144
either authorized or not prohibited by the appropriate governing
documents, not prohibited under Section 4975 of the Code
and permitted under applicable state law.
Our Status Under ERISA
In some circumstances where an ERISA plan holds an interest in
an entity, the assets of the entity are deemed to be ERISA plan
assets. This is known as the look-through rule.
Under those circumstances, the obligations and other
responsibilities of plan sponsors, plan fiduciaries and plan
administrators, and of parties in interest and disqualified
persons, under Parts 1 and 4 of Subtitle B of Title I of
ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code, as applicable, may be
expanded, and there may be an increase in their liability under
these and other provisions of ERISA and the Code (except to the
extent (if any) that a favorable statutory or administrative
exemption or exception applies). For example, a prohibited
transaction may occur if our assets are deemed to be assets of
investing ERISA plans and persons who have certain specified
relationships to an ERISA plan (parties in interest
within the meaning of ERISA, and disqualified
persons within the meaning of the Code) deal with these
assets. Further, if our assets are deemed to be assets of
investing ERISA plans, any person that exercises authority or
control with respect to the management or disposition of the
assets is an ERISA plan fiduciary.
ERISA plan assets are not defined in ERISA or the Code, but the
United States Department of Labor has issued regulations that
outline the circumstances under which an ERISA plans
interest in an entity will be subject to the look-through rule.
The Department of Labor regulations apply to the purchase by an
ERISA plan of an equity interest in an entity, such
as stock of a REIT. However, the Department of Labor regulations
provide an exception to the look-through rule for equity
interests that are publicly offered securities.
Under the Department of Labor regulations, a publicly
offered security is a security that is:
|
|
|
|
|
freely transferable; |
|
|
|
part of a class of securities that is widely held; and |
|
|
|
either part of a class of securities that is registered under
section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act or sold to an
ERISA plan as part of an offering of securities to the public
pursuant to an effective registration statement under the
Securities Act, and the class of securities of which this
security is a part is registered under the Exchange Act within
120 days, or longer if allowed by the SEC, after the end of
the fiscal year of the issuer during which this Offering of
these securities to the public occurred. |
Whether a security is considered freely transferable
depends on the facts and circumstances of each case. Under the
Department of Labor regulations, if the security is part of an
offering in which the minimum investment is $10,000 or less,
then any restriction on or prohibition against any transfer or
assignment of the security for the purposes of preventing a
termination or reclassification of the entity for federal or
state tax purposes will not ordinarily prevent the security from
being considered freely transferable. Additionally, limitations
or restrictions on the transfer or assignment of a security
which are created or imposed by persons other than the issuer of
the security or persons acting for or on behalf of the issuer
will ordinarily not prevent the security from being considered
freely transferable.
A class of securities is considered widely held if
it is a class of securities that is owned by 100 or more
investors independent of the issuer and of one another. A
security will not fail to be widely held because the
number of independent investors falls below 100 subsequent to
the initial public offering as a result of events beyond the
issuers control.
The shares of our common stock offered in this prospectus may
meet the criteria of the publicly offered securities exception
to the look-through rule. First, the common stock could be
considered to be freely transferable, as the minimum investment
will be less than $10,000 and the only restrictions upon its
transfer are those generally permitted under the Department of
Labor regulations, those required under federal tax laws to
maintain our status as a REIT, resale restrictions under
applicable federal securities
145
laws with respect to securities not purchased pursuant to this
prospectus and those owned by our officers, directors and other
affiliates, and voluntary restrictions agreed to by the selling
stockholder regarding volume limitations.
Second, our common stock is currently held by 100 or more
investors that we believe are independent of us and of one
another, and we expect (although we cannot confirm) that this
will continue to be the case.
Third, the shares of our common stock will be part of an
offering of securities to the public pursuant to an effective
registration statement under the Securities Act and the common
stock is registered under the Exchange Act.
In addition, the Department of Labor regulations provide
exceptions to the look-through rule for equity interests in some
types of entities, including any entity which qualifies as
either a real estate operating company or a
venture capital operating company.
Under the Department of Labor regulations, a real estate
operating company is defined as an entity which on testing
dates has at least 50% of its assets, other than short-term
investments pending long-term commitment or dividend to
investors, valued at cost:
|
|
|
|
|
invested in real estate which is managed or developed and with
respect to which the entity has the right to substantially
participate directly in the management or development
activities; and |
|
|
|
which, in the ordinary course of its business, is engaged
directly in real estate management or development activities. |
According to those same regulations, a venture capital
operating company is defined as an entity which on testing
dates has at least 50% of its assets, other than short-term
investments pending long-term commitment or dividend to
investors, valued at cost:
|
|
|
|
|
invested in one or more operating companies with respect to
which the entity has management rights; and |
|
|
|
which, in the ordinary course of its business, actually
exercises its management rights with respect to one or more of
the operating companies in which it invests. |
We have not endeavored to determine whether we will satisfy the
real estate operating company or venture
capital operating company exception.
Prior to making an investment in the shares offered in this
prospectus, prospective employee benefit plan investors (whether
or not subject to ERISA or section 4975 of the Code) should
consult with their legal and other advisors concerning the
impact of ERISA and the Code (and, particularly in the case of
non-ERISA plans and arrangements, any additional state, local
and foreign law considerations), as applicable, and the
potential consequences in their specific circumstances of an
investment in such shares.
146
UNDERWRITING
Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
are acting as joint book-running managers and as representatives
of the underwriters named below. Under the terms and subject to
the conditions contained in an underwriting agreement dated
June 28, 2005, we have agreed to sell to the underwriters
named below the following respective numbers of shares of our
common stock:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of | |
Underwriter |
|
Shares | |
|
|
| |
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
|
|
|
1,400,000 |
|
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
|
|
|
1,400,000 |
|
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.
|
|
|
360,000 |
|
KeyBanc Capital Markets, a division of McDonald Investments
Inc.
|
|
|
360,000 |
|
Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC
|
|
|
360,000 |
|
RBC Capital Markets Corporation
|
|
|
120,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
4,000,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
The underwriting agreement provides that the underwriters are
obligated to purchase all of the shares of our common stock in
this Offering if any are purchased, other than those shares
covered by the overallotment option described below. The
underwriting agreement also provides that, if an underwriter
defaults, the purchase commitments of non-defaulting
underwriters may be increased or this Offering may be
terminated. The underwriting agreement provides that the
obligations of the underwriters to purchase the shares included
in this Offering are subject to the approval of legal matters by
counsel and to other conditions.
The underwriters propose to offer some of the shares directly to
the public at the Offering price set forth on the cover page of
this prospectus and some of the shares to dealers at the
Offering price less a concession not to exceed $0.675 per
share. The underwriters may allow, and dealers may reallow, a
concession not to exceed $0.10 per share on sales to other
dealers. If all of the shares are not sold to the public at the
Offering price, the representatives may change the Offering
price and the other selling terms.
We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable for
30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to
575,000 additional shares of common stock at the Offering
price less the underwriting discount. The underwriters may
exercise the option solely for the purpose of covering
overallotments, if any, in connection with our Offering. To the
extent the option is exercised, each underwriter must purchase a
number of additional shares approximately proportionate to that
underwriters initial purchase commitment.
The following table summarizes the underwriting discounts and
commissions we are to pay to the underwriters in connection with
this Offering. These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise
and full exercise of the underwriters option to purchase
additional shares of common stock:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Per Share | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
No | |
|
Full | |
|
|
|
Full | |
|
|
Exercise | |
|
Exercise | |
|
No Exercise | |
|
Exercise | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Underwriting discounts and commissions paid by us
|
|
$ |
1.125 |
|
|
$ |
1.125 |
|
|
$ |
4,500,000 |
|
|
$ |
5,146,875 |
|
We estimate that our out-of-pocket expenses for this Offering
will be approximately $1,750,000.
From the date of this prospectus through and including
October 11, 2005, we have agreed that we will not offer,
sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly
or indirectly, or file with the SEC a registration statement
(except a registration statement on Form S-4 relating to
our acquisition of another entity) under the Securities Act
relating to, any additional shares of our common stock or
securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for
any shares of our common stock, including, without
147
limitation, units, or publicly disclose the intention to make
any offer, sale, pledge, disposition or filing, without the
prior written consent of Citigroup and Deutsche Bank Securities
other than:
|
|
|
|
|
grants of stock options, PIUs, restricted stock units or
restricted stock to employees, consultants or directors pursuant
to the terms of the 2004 incentive award plan in effect as of
the date of this prospectus; |
|
|
|
issuances of our common stock pursuant to a dividend
reinvestment plan (if any); or |
|
|
|
issuances of our common stock, units or securities convertible
into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of our common
stock in connection with other acquisitions of interests in real
property or real property companies or entities owning interests
in real property. |
Our officers and directors have agreed, subject to certain
exceptions (including a bona fide gift or a transfer for the
benefit of an immediate family member), that they will not
offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of,
directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or
securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for
any shares of our common stock, including, without limitation,
units, enter into a transaction that would have the same effect,
or enter into any swap, hedge or other arrangement that
transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences
of ownership of our common stock, whether any of these
transactions are to be settled by delivery of our common stock
or other securities, in cash or otherwise, or publicly disclose
the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge or disposition, or
to enter into any transaction, swap, hedge or other arrangement,
without, in each case, the prior written consent of Citigroup
and Deutsche Bank Securities for the period from the date of
this prospectus through and including October 11, 2005. In
addition, our officers and directors have agreed not to make any
demand for, or exercise any right with respect to, the
registration of our common stock or any securities convertible
into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock without
the prior written consent of Citigroup and Deutsche Bank
Securities.
Citigroup and Deutsche Bank Securities in their joint discretion
may release any of the securities subject to lock-up agreements
at any time without notice. In the event that either
(x) during the last 17 days of the lock-up period
referred to above, we issue an earnings release or a press
release announcing a significant event or (y) prior to the
expiration of such lock-up period, we announce that we will
release earnings or issue a press release announcing a
significant event during the 17-day period beginning on the last
day of such lock-up period, the restrictions described above
shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 17-day
period beginning with the first day following the date of the
earnings or the press release.
Our common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol
ACC.
We cannot assure you that the prices at which our shares will
sell in the public market after this Offering will not be lower
than the current trading price or the Offering price or that a
more active trading market in our common stock will develop and
continue after this Offering.
In connection with this Offering, the underwriters may engage in
stabilizing transactions, overallotment transactions, syndicate
covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with
Regulation M under the Exchange Act.
|
|
|
|
|
Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase or the purchase
of the underlying security while this distribution of the common
stock offered pursuant to this prospectus is in progress so long
as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. |
|
|
|
Overallotment involves sales by the underwriters of shares in
excess of the number of shares the underwriters are obligated to
purchase, which creates a syndicate short position. The short
position may be either a covered short position or a naked short
position. In a covered short position, the number of shares
over-allotted by the underwriters is not greater than the number
of shares that they may purchase in the over-allotment option.
In a naked short position, the number of shares involved is
greater than the number of shares in the overallotment option.
The underwriters may close out any covered short position by
either exercising their overallotment option and/or purchasing
shares in the open market. |
148
|
|
|
|
|
Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of our common
stock in the open market after the distribution of such stock
has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions.
In determining the source of shares to close out the short
position, the underwriters will consider, among other things,
the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as
compared to the price at which they may purchase shares through
the overallotment option. If the underwriters sell more shares
than could be covered by the overallotment option, a naked short
position, the position can only be closed out by buying shares
in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be
created if the underwriters are concerned that there could be
downward pressure on the price of the shares in the open market
after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase
in this Offering. |
The underwriters also may impose a penalty bid. Penalty bids
permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a
syndicate member when the representatives repurchase shares
originally sold by that syndicate member in order to cover
syndicate short positions or make stabilizing purchases.
These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions
and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining
the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding
a decline in the market price of our common stock. As a result,
the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that
might otherwise exist in the open market. These transactions may
be effected on the NYSE or otherwise and, if commenced, may be
discontinued at any time.
A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the
websites maintained by one or more of the underwriters, or
selling group members, if any, participating in this Offering.
The representatives may agree to allocate a number of shares to
underwriters and selling group members for sale to their online
brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be
allocated by the underwriters and selling group members that
will make Internet distributions on the same basis as other
allocations. The representatives may agree to allocate a number
of shares to underwriters for sale to their online brokerage
account holders.
Affiliates of Citigroup, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.,
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and KeyBanc Capital Markets, a
division of McDonald Investments Inc., four of our underwriters,
are lenders under our revolving credit facility. KeyBank
National Association (an affiliate of KeyBanc Capital Markets, a
division of McDonald Investments Inc., which is an underwriter
in this Offering) is the administrative agent under the amended
facility. Citicorp North America, Inc. (an affiliate of
Citigroup Global Markets Inc., which is a lead managing
underwriter in this Offering) and Deutsche Bank Trust Company
Americas (an affiliate of Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., which
is a lead managing underwriter in this Offering) are
co-syndication agents under the amended facility. JPMorgan Chase
Bank, N.A. (an affiliate of J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.,
which is an underwriter in this Offering) is the documentation
agent under the amended facility. As of June 28, 2005,
approximately $50.2 million of borrowings were outstanding
under this facility. We intend to repay all of the outstanding
borrowings under our revolving credit facility with a portion of
the net proceeds of this Offering and, upon application of the
net proceeds from this Offering, each lender will receive its
proportionate share of the amount repaid.
We and our Operating Partnership have agreed to indemnify the
underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities
under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the
underwriters may be required to make because of any of those
liabilities.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of our shares of common stock has been passed upon
for us by Locke Liddell & Sapp LLP. Locke
Liddell & Sapp LLP is providing an opinion relating to
tax consequences. Sidley Austin Brown & Wood LLP will
act as counsel to the underwriters.
149
EXPERTS
The consolidated and combined financial statements of American
Campus Communities, Inc. and Subsidiaries and the Predecessor
Entities at December 31, 2004 and 2003, and for each of the
three years in the period ended December 31, 2004,
appearing in this prospectus and registration statement have
been audited by Ernst & Young, LLP, independent
registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their reports
thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance
upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts
in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a
registration statement on Form S-11, including exhibits,
schedules and amendments filed with this registration statement,
under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of our
common stock to be sold in this Offering. This prospectus does
not contain all of the information set forth in the registration
statement and exhibits and schedules to the registration
statement. For further information with respect to us and the
shares of our common stock to be sold in this Offering,
reference is made to the registration statement, including the
exhibits to the registration statement. Statements contained in
this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other
document referred to in this prospectus are not necessarily
complete. Copies of the registration statement, including the
exhibits and schedules to the registration statement, may be
examined without charge at the public reference room of the
Securities and Exchange Commission, 450 Fifth Street, N.W.,
Room 1024, Washington, DC 20549. Information about the
operation of the public reference room may be obtained by
calling the Securities and Exchange Commission at
1-800-SEC-0300. Copies of all or a portion of the registration
statement can be obtained from the public reference room of the
Securities and Exchange Commission upon payment of prescribed
fees. Our Securities and Exchange Commission filings, including
our registration statement, are also available to you on the
Securities and Exchange Commissions Web site, www.sec.gov.
We are required to comply with the informational requirements of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and, accordingly, file
current reports on Form 8-K, quarterly reports on
Form 10-Q, annual reports on Form 10-K, proxy
statements and other information with the SEC. Those reports,
proxy statements and other information are available for
inspection and copying at the Public Reference Room and internet
site of the SEC referred to above. We intend to furnish our
shareholders with annual reports containing consolidated
financial statements certified by an independent public
accounting firm. Such reports, proxy statements and other
information are not part of this prospectus.
We maintain a website on the Internet with the address of
www.americancampuscommunities.com or www.studenthousing.com.
Copies of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly
Reports on Form 10-Q and any Current Reports on
Form 8-K, and any amendments thereto, are or will be
available free of charge at such website as soon as reasonably
practical after they are filed with the SEC. Additional
information regarding us, including our committee charters, our
code of business conduct and ethics and our corporate governance
guidelines, can also be found at this website as required.
Information contained on our website is not part of this
prospectus.
150
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Page | |
|
|
| |
American Campus Communities, Inc. and Subsidiaries
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated and Combined
Financial Statements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Summary
|
|
|
F-2 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-3 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-4 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-6 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-7 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-8 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-9 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-10 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-24 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-25 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-26 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-27 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-28 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-29 |
|
|
Proctor Portfolio Properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-54 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-55 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-56 |
|
|
Exchange at Gainesville
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-59 |
|
F-1
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PRO FORMA CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF
OPERATIONS
The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated and combined
statements of operations for the three months ended
March 31, 2005 and for the year ended December 31,
2004, are presented as if American Campus Communities,
Inc.s (the Company) acquisition of the
Exchange at Gainesville (acquired March 2005), City Parc at Fry
Street (acquired March 2005) and the five-property Proctor
Portfolio (acquired February 2005) had occurred as of
January 1, 2004. It was also assumed that the
Companys initial public offering (IPO) had
occurred as of January 1, 2004. The pro forma adjustments
also include the related repayment of certain debt and the
acquisition of minority ownership of certain assets.
The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statements of
operations should be read together with our historical financial
statements and related notes included elsewhere in this
prospectus. The pro forma condensed consolidated and combined
statements of operations are unaudited and are not necessarily
indicative of what the actual results of operations would have
been had the Company acquired the properties or consummated the
IPO as of January 1, 2004, nor do they purport to represent
the results of operations of the Company for future periods.
F-2
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PRO FORMA CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2005
(Unaudited, dollars in thousands, except share and per share
amounts)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Company | |
|
Acquired | |
|
Pro Forma | |
|
Company | |
|
|
Historical | |
|
Properties | |
|
Adjustments | |
|
Pro Forma | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(A) | |
|
(B) | |
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$ |
19,541 |
|
|
$ |
2,784 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
22,325 |
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property operating expenses
|
|
|
7,011 |
|
|
|
1,128 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,139 |
|
|
Third party development and management services
|
|
|
1,464 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,464 |
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
1,364 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,364 |
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
3,424 |
|
|
|
340 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,764 |
|
|
Ground/facility leases
|
|
|
212 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
212 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
13,475 |
|
|
|
1,468 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14,943 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income
|
|
|
6,066 |
|
|
|
1,316 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,382 |
|
Nonoperating income and (expenses):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(3,808 |
) |
|
|
(962 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,770 |
) |
|
Amortization of deferred financing costs
|
|
|
(246 |
) |
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(262 |
) |
|
Other nonoperating income
|
|
|
430 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
430 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total nonoperating expenses
|
|
|
(3,566 |
) |
|
|
(978 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,544 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income tax provision and minority interests
|
|
|
2,500 |
|
|
|
338 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,838 |
|
Income tax provision
|
|
|
(102 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(102 |
) |
Minority interests
|
|
|
(87 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3 |
)(C) |
|
|
(90 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$ |
2,311 |
|
|
$ |
338 |
|
|
$ |
(3 |
) |
|
$ |
2,646 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$ |
0.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$ |
0.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
12,622,145 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,622,145 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
12,769,939 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,769,939 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-3
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PRO FORMA CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
AND COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the year ended December 31, 2004
(unaudited, dollars in thousands, except share and per share
amounts)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Company | |
|
Predecessor | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period from | |
|
Period from | |
|
|
|
|
|
Company | |
|
|
August 17, 2004 | |
|
January 1, 2004 | |
|
|
|
|
|
and Predecessor | |
|
|
to December 31, | |
|
to August 16, | |
|
Acquired | |
|
Pro Forma | |
|
Pro Forma | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
Properties | |
|
Adjustments | |
|
Combined | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(A) | |
|
(A) | |
|
(B) | |
|
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$ |
26,262 |
|
|
$ |
34,561 |
|
|
$ |
15,800 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
76,623 |
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property operating expenses
|
|
|
9,345 |
|
|
|
15,416 |
|
|
|
7,169 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31,930 |
|
|
Third party development and management services
|
|
|
2,140 |
|
|
|
3,403 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,543 |
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
4,202 |
|
|
|
1,032 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
938 |
(D) |
|
|
6,172 |
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
4,158 |
|
|
|
5,815 |
|
|
|
4,619 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14,592 |
|
|
Ground/facility leases
|
|
|
214 |
|
|
|
598 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
812 |
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
20,059 |
|
|
|
26,264 |
|
|
|
11,788 |
|
|
|
938 |
|
|
|
59,049 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income
|
|
|
6,203 |
|
|
|
8,297 |
|
|
|
4,012 |
|
|
|
(938 |
) |
|
|
17,574 |
|
Nonoperating income and (expenses):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(5,556 |
) |
|
|
(11,142 |
) |
|
|
(5,827 |
) |
|
|
2,523 |
(E) |
|
|
(20,002 |
) |
|
Amortization of deferred financing costs
|
|
|
(842 |
) |
|
|
(369 |
) |
|
|
(135 |
) |
|
|
251 |
(F) |
|
|
(1,095 |
) |
|
Other nonoperating income
|
|
|
653 |
|
|
|
274 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
927 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total nonoperating expenses
|
|
|
(5,706 |
) |
|
|
(11,194 |
) |
|
|
(5,962 |
) |
|
|
2,774 |
|
|
|
(20,088 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before income tax benefit and minority interests
|
|
|
497 |
|
|
|
(2,897 |
) |
|
|
(1,950 |
) |
|
|
1,836 |
|
|
|
(2,514 |
) |
Income tax benefit
|
|
|
728 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
728 |
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
129 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(99 |
)(C) |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations
|
|
$ |
1,196 |
|
|
$ |
(2,768 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,950 |
) |
|
$ |
1,737 |
|
|
$ |
(1,785 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$ |
0.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(0.14 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$ |
0.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(0.14 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
12,513,130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
109,015 |
(G) |
|
|
12,622,145 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
12,634,130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(11,985 |
)(G) |
|
|
12,622,145 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-4
American Campus Communities, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated and Combined
Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
(A) |
|
Reflects the Companys historical condensed consolidated
statements of operations for the three months ended
March 31, 2005 and for the period from August 17, 2004
to December 31, 2004, and the Predecessors historical
condensed combined statement of operations for the period from
January 1, 2004 to August 16, 2004. |
|
(B) |
|
Reflects the results of operations for the Exchange at
Gainesville, City Parc at Fry Street and the five-property
Proctor Portfolio for the period indicated. Revenues and
property operating expenses reflect the historical amounts
incurred by the respective properties prior to their respective
acquisition dates. Depreciation and amortization reflects
depreciation expense on the respective properties fixed
assets purchased and recorded at fair value and the amortization
of in-place leases recognized upon acquisition of the respective
property, which is amortized over the remaining initial term of
the respective leases, generally less than one year. |
|
|
|
Interest expense reflects the debt assumed or incurred by the
Company for the respective property acquisition, and interest
expense incurred under the Companys revolving credit
facility for borrowings made to complete the respective
acquisition. Debt assumed by the Company was valued at fair
market value. Amortization of deferred financing costs reflects
amortization of costs incurred in connection with the debt
assumed or incurred by the Company for the respective property
acquisition. |
|
(C) |
|
For the three months ended March 31, 2005 and for the
period from January 1, 2004 to August 16, 2004, an
adjustment was made to reflect the 1.0% minority interest in pro
forma earnings for the recognition of a 1.0% special class of
partnership interests in the Operating Partnership granted to
certain members of executive and senior management in
conjunction with the IPO. This was offset for the year ended
December 31, 2004 unaudited pro forma condensed
consolidated and combined statement of operations by the
elimination of a minority interest in earnings resulting from
the acquisition (with proceeds from the IPO) of a minority
ownership interest in a joint venture. |
|
(D) |
|
Reflects the pro forma increased costs associated with operating
as a public company for the period from January 1, 2004
until the consummation of the Companys IPO on
August 17, 2004. Such costs include compensation and
staffing, directors and officers liability insurance premiums,
Board of Directors costs and increased legal expenses. |
|
(E) |
|
Reflects the repayment of certain debt with proceeds from the
IPO, assuming that the loans were repaid on January 1, 2004. |
|
(F) |
|
Represents a decrease in amortization of deferred financing
costs as a result of the repayment of debt in connection with
the IPO mentioned in Note (E). |
|
(G) |
|
Assumes that the IPO and related common share issuance occurred
effective January 1, 2004. |
F-5
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2005 | |
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(Unaudited) | |
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in real estate:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned off-campus properties, net
|
|
$ |
385,359 |
|
|
$ |
250,100 |
|
|
Owned off-campus property held for sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,350 |
|
|
On-campus participating properties, net
|
|
|
70,271 |
|
|
|
68,064 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in real estate, net
|
|
|
455,630 |
|
|
|
340,514 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
6,425 |
|
|
|
4,050 |
|
Restricted cash and short-term investments
|
|
|
7,382 |
|
|
|
9,816 |
|
Student contracts receivable, net
|
|
|
3,013 |
|
|
|
2,164 |
|
Other assets
|
|
|
14,037 |
|
|
|
11,084 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$ |
486,487 |
|
|
$ |
367,628 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and stockholders equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debt
|
|
$ |
314,385 |
|
|
$ |
201,014 |
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
|
5,280 |
|
|
|
5,443 |
|
|
Other liabilities
|
|
|
22,793 |
|
|
|
20,294 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
342,458 |
|
|
|
226,751 |
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
2,649 |
|
|
|
2,648 |
|
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $.01 par value, 800,000,000 shares
authorized, 12,615,000 shares issued and outstanding
|
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
126 |
|
|
Additional paid in capital
|
|
|
135,150 |
|
|
|
136,259 |
|
|
Accumulated earnings and distributions
|
|
|
5,717 |
|
|
|
1,802 |
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
|
387 |
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity
|
|
|
141,380 |
|
|
|
138,229 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and stockholders equity
|
|
$ |
486,487 |
|
|
$ |
367,628 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated and combined financial
statements.
F-6
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Company | |
|
Predecessor | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Three Months | |
|
Three Months | |
|
|
Ended | |
|
Ended | |
|
|
March 31, 2005 | |
|
March 31, 2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned off-campus properties
|
|
$ |
12,489 |
|
|
$ |
7,989 |
|
|
On-campus participating properties
|
|
|
5,493 |
|
|
|
5,293 |
|
|
Third party development services
|
|
|
609 |
|
|
|
1,671 |
|
|
Third party development services on-campus
participating properties
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
Third party management services affiliates
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
74 |
|
|
Third party management services
|
|
|
710 |
|
|
|
298 |
|
|
Resident services
|
|
|
204 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
19,541 |
|
|
|
15,352 |
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned off-campus properties
|
|
|
5,136 |
|
|
|
3,459 |
|
|
On-campus participating properties
|
|
|
1,875 |
|
|
|
1,800 |
|
|
Third party development and management services
|
|
|
1,464 |
|
|
|
1,264 |
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
1,364 |
|
|
|
453 |
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
3,424 |
|
|
|
2,259 |
|
|
Ground/facility leases
|
|
|
212 |
|
|
|
141 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
13,475 |
|
|
|
9,376 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income
|
|
|
6,066 |
|
|
|
5,976 |
|
Nonoperating income and (expenses):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(3,808 |
) |
|
|
(4,281 |
) |
|
Amortization of deferred financing costs
|
|
|
(246 |
) |
|
|
(144 |
) |
|
Other nonoperating income
|
|
|
430 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total nonoperating expenses
|
|
|
(3,566 |
) |
|
|
(4,412 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income tax provision, minority interests, and
discontinued operations
|
|
|
2,500 |
|
|
|
1,564 |
|
Income tax provision
|
|
|
(102 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
(87 |
) |
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
2,311 |
|
|
|
1,585 |
|
Discontinued operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss attributable to discontinued operations
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
Gain from disposition of real estate
|
|
|
5,883 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total discontinued operations
|
|
|
5,881 |
|
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$ |
8,192 |
|
|
$ |
1,530 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per share basic:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations per share
|
|
$ |
0.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share
|
|
$ |
0.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per share diluted:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations per share
|
|
$ |
0.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share
|
|
$ |
0.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
12,622,145 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
12,769,939 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions declared per common share
|
|
$ |
0.3375 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated and combined financial
statements.
F-7
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE
INCOME
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Company | |
|
Predecessor | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Three Months Ended | |
|
Three Months Ended | |
|
|
March 31, 2005 | |
|
March 31, 2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Net income
|
|
$ |
8,192 |
|
|
$ |
1,530 |
|
Other comprehensive income (loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in fair value of interest rate swap
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
(371 |
) |
|
Change in fair value of interest rate cap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net comprehensive income
|
|
$ |
8,537 |
|
|
$ |
1,165 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated and combined financial
statements.
F-8
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Company | |
|
Predecessor | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Three Months | |
|
Three Months | |
|
|
Ended | |
|
Ended | |
|
|
March 31, 2005 | |
|
March 31, 2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Operating activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$ |
8,192 |
|
|
$ |
1,530 |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by
operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gain from disposition of real estate
|
|
|
(5,883 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
(21 |
) |
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
3,424 |
|
|
|
2,346 |
|
|
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt premiums
|
|
|
127 |
|
|
|
162 |
|
|
Compensation expense recognized for restricted stock awards
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax provision
|
|
|
102 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restricted cash and short-term investments
|
|
|
3,013 |
|
|
|
1,120 |
|
|
|
Student contracts receivable, net
|
|
|
(849 |
) |
|
|
(2,402 |
) |
|
|
Other assets
|
|
|
(1,474 |
) |
|
|
2,293 |
|
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
|
(414 |
) |
|
|
2,387 |
|
|
|
Other liabilities
|
|
|
(636 |
) |
|
|
(2,178 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
|
5,713 |
|
|
|
5,237 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net proceeds from disposition of real estate
|
|
|
28,023 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for property acquisitions
|
|
|
(72,763 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in owned off-campus properties
|
|
|
(10,972 |
) |
|
|
(19,034 |
) |
|
Investments in on-campus participating properties
|
|
|
(3,055 |
) |
|
|
(124 |
) |
|
Purchase of furniture, fixtures and equipment
|
|
|
(86 |
) |
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(58,853 |
) |
|
|
(19,213 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from revolving credit facility, net of paydowns
|
|
|
21,800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from bridge loan
|
|
|
37,400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from construction loans
|
|
|
2,528 |
|
|
|
12,190 |
|
|
Principal payments on debt
|
|
|
(484 |
) |
|
|
(428 |
) |
|
Change in construction accounts payable
|
|
|
681 |
|
|
|
3,459 |
|
|
Debt issuance and offering costs
|
|
|
(913 |
) |
|
|
(1,697 |
) |
|
Distributions to common and restricted stockholders and
partnership unit holders
|
|
|
(4,277 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Contributions from Predecessor owners
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
370 |
|
|
Distributions to Predecessor owners
|
|
|
(1,179 |
) |
|
|
(882 |
) |
|
Distributions to minority partners
|
|
|
(41 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
55,515 |
|
|
|
13,004 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
2,375 |
|
|
|
(972 |
) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
|
|
|
4,050 |
|
|
|
5,227 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
|
|
$ |
6,425 |
|
|
$ |
4,255 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing
activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in fair value of derivative instruments, net
|
|
$ |
345 |
|
|
$ |
(365 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans assumed in connection with property acquisitions
|
|
$ |
(47,169 |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest paid
|
|
$ |
4,496 |
|
|
$ |
5,736 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated and combined financial
statements.
F-9
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
1. |
Organization and Description of Business |
American Campus Communities, Inc. (the Company)
commenced operations as a fully integrated real estate
investment trust (REIT) effective with the
completion of its initial public offering (the IPO)
on August 17, 2004. Through the Companys controlling
interest in American Campus Communities Operating Partnership,
L.P. (the Operating Partnership), of which a wholly
owned subsidiary of the Company is the sole general partner, and
the subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership, including its
Taxable REIT Subsidiary, American Campus Communities Services,
Inc. (the TRS), the Company is one of the largest
private owners, managers and developers of high quality student
housing properties in the United States in terms of beds owned
and under management. The Company is a fully integrated,
self-managed and self-administered equity REIT with expertise in
the acquisition, design, financing, development, construction
management, leasing and management of student housing properties.
The Company was formed to succeed certain businesses of the
American Campus Communities Predecessor (the
Predecessor), which was not a legal entity but
rather a combination of real estate entities under common
ownership and voting control collectively doing business as
American Campus Communities, L.L.C. and Affiliated Student
Housing Properties. The Companys Predecessor entities were
engaged in the student housing business since 1993. The Company
was incorporated in Maryland on March 9, 2004.
Additionally, the Operating Partnership was formed and the TRS
was incorporated in Maryland on July 14, 2004 and
August 17, 2004, respectively, each in anticipation of the
IPO. The IPO was consummated on August 17, 2004, concurrent
with the consummation of various formation transactions, and
consisted of the sale of 12,100,000 shares of the
Companys common stock at a price per share of $17.50,
generating gross proceeds of approximately $211.8 million.
The aggregate proceeds to the Company, net of the
underwriters discount and offering costs, were
approximately $189.4 million. In connection with the
exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option on
September 15, 2004, the Company issued an additional
515,000 shares of common stock at the IPO price per share,
generating an additional $9.0 million of gross proceeds and
$8.4 million in net proceeds after the underwriters
discount and offering costs. Also in connection with the IPO
formation transactions, the Company used approximately
$85.9 million of IPO proceeds to redeem the ownership
interests of the Predecessor owners. During the three months
ended March 31, 2005, the Company also distributed
approximately $1.2 million to the Predecessor owners
related to savings in the budgeted completion cost of three
owned off-campus properties that were completed in the third
quarter 2004. These payments were accounted for as equity
distributions. The Companys operations commenced on
August 17, 2004 after completion of the IPO and the
formation transactions, and are carried on primarily through the
Operating Partnership and its wholly owned subsidiaries,
including the TRS.
As of March 31, 2005, the Companys property portfolio
contained 24 student housing properties with approximately 5,200
apartment units and 15,600 beds, consisting of 19 owned
off-campus properties that are in close proximities to public
colleges and universities and five on-campus participating
properties operated under ground/facility leases with the
related university systems. These communities contain modern
housing units, offer resort-style amenities and are supported by
a classic resident assistant system and other student-oriented
programming.
Through the TRS, the Company provides construction management
and development services for student housing properties owned by
colleges and universities, charitable foundations, and others.
As of March 31, 2005, the Company also provided third party
property management and leasing services for 19 student housing
properties (13 of which the Company served as the third party
developer and construction manager) that represented
approximately 11,300 beds in approximately 4,500 units.
Third party management and leasing services are typically
provided pursuant to multi-year management contracts that have
an initial term that ranges from two to five years. As of
March 31, 2005, the Companys total owned
F-10
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
1. |
Organization and Description of Business
(Continued) |
and managed portfolio included 43 properties that represented
approximately 26,900 beds in approximately 9,700 units.
|
|
2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Principles of Consolidation and Combination
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include all
of the accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership and
the subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership. Ownership
interests contributed to the Operating Partnership by the
Predecessor entities have been accounted for as a reorganization
of entities under common control in a manner similar to a
pooling-of-interests. Accordingly, the contributed assets and
assumed liabilities were recorded at the Predecessors
historical cost basis. This method of accounting also requires
the reporting of results of operations for the period in which
the reorganization occurred as though the entities had been
combined at either the beginning of the period or inception. The
reorganization did not require any material adjustments to
conform the accounting policies of the separate entities.
The historical financial data prior to August 17, 2004
presented in this report is the historical data for the
Predecessor and reflects the combined historical results of
operations and financial position of the Predecessor including
the operations of The Village at Riverside and certain other
non-core assets which were distributed to the Predecessor owners
as a part of the formation transactions. As a result, the
historical results of operations and financial position prior to
the IPO are not indicative of, or in some instances directly
comparable to, the Companys results of operations and
financial position after the IPO.
The Company consolidates entities in which it has an ownership
interest and over which it exercises significant control over
major operating decisions, such as budgeting, investment and
financing decisions. The real estate entities included in the
consolidated and combined financial statements have been
consolidated or combined only for the periods that such entities
were under control by the Company or the Predecessor. All
significant intercompany balances and transactions have been
eliminated in consolidation or combination.
Interim Financial Statements
The accompanying interim financial statements are unaudited, but
have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally
accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim
financial information and in conjunction with the rules and
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Accordingly, they do not include all disclosures required by
GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of
management, all adjustments (consisting solely of normal
recurring matters) necessary for a fair presentation of the
financial statements for these interim periods have been
included. Because of the seasonal nature of the Companys
operations, the results of operations and cash flows for any
interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for
other interim periods or for the full year. These financial
statements should be read in conjunction with the financial
statements and the notes thereto included in the Companys
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2004.
All dollar amounts in the tables herein, except share and per
share amounts, are stated in thousands unless otherwise
indicated.
Investments in Real Estate
Investments in real estate are recorded at historical cost.
Major improvements that extend the life of an asset are
capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of
the asset. The costs of ordinary
F-11
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(Continued) |
repairs and maintenance are charged to expense when incurred.
Depreciation and amortization are recorded on a straight-line
basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
|
|
|
Buildings and improvements
|
|
7-40 years |
On-campus participating properties
|
|
25-34 years (shorter of useful life or respective lease
term) |
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
|
|
3-7 years |
The cost of buildings and improvements includes the purchase
price of the property, including legal fees and acquisition
costs. Project costs directly associated with the development
and construction of an owned real estate project, which include
interest, property taxes, and amortization of deferred finance
costs, are capitalized as construction in progress. Upon
completion of the project, costs are transferred into the
applicable asset category and depreciation commences. Interest
totaling approximately $0.3 million and $0.2 million
was capitalized during the three months ended March 31,
2005 and 2004, respectively. Amortization of deferred financing
costs totaling approximately $30,000 and $0.1 million was
capitalized during the three months ended March 31, 2005,
and 2004, respectively.
Management assesses whether there has been an impairment in the
value of the Companys investments in real estate whenever
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying
amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Impairment is
recognized when estimated expected future cash flows
(undiscounted and before interest charges) are less than the
carrying value of the property. The estimation of expected
future net cash flows is inherently uncertain and relies on
assumptions regarding current and future economics and market
conditions. If such conditions change, then an adjustment to the
carrying value of the Companys long-lived assets could
occur in the future period in which the conditions change. To
the extent that a property is impaired, the excess of the
carrying amount of the property over its estimated fair value is
charged to earnings. The Company believes that there are no
impairments of the carrying values of its investments in real
estate as of March 31, 2005.
The Company allocates the purchase price of acquired properties
to net tangible and identified intangible assets based on
relative fair values in accordance with Statement of Financial
Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 141, Business
Combinations. Fair value estimates are based on information
obtained from a number of sources, including independent
appraisals that may be obtained in connection with the
acquisition or financing of the respective property and other
market data. Information obtained about each property as a
result of due diligence, marketing and leasing activities is
also considered. The value of in-place leases is based on the
difference between (i) the property valued with existing
in-place leases adjusted to market rental rates and
(ii) the property valued as-if vacant. As lease
terms typically will be one year or less, rates on in-place
leases generally approximate market rental rates. Factors
considered in the valuation of in-place leases include an
estimate of the carrying costs during the expected lease-up
period considering current market conditions, nature of the
tenancy, and costs to execute similar leases. Carrying costs
include estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the
expected lease-up period, as well as real estate taxes,
insurance and other operating expenses. The value of in-place
leases is amortized over the remaining initial term of the
respective leases, generally less than one year. The purchase
price of property acquisitions is not expected to be allocated
to tenant relationships, considering the terms of the leases and
the expected levels of renewals. The Companys allocation
of purchase price is contingent upon the final true-up of
certain prorations.
Debt Premiums
Debt premiums represent the excess of the estimated fair value
of debt over the principal value of debt assumed in connection
with the Companys property acquisitions. The debt premiums
are being amortized
F-12
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(Continued) |
as an offset to interest expense over the term of the related
loans using the effective-interest method. As of March 31,
2005 and 2004, the net unamortized debt premiums were
$5.0 million and $-0-, respectively, and are included in
debt on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for equity based awards in accordance with
SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment. Although
public companies are not required to adopt this statement until
the first annual period beginning after June 15, 2005, the
Company has chosen to adopt this statement in the first quarter
of 2005. Accordingly, the Company has recognized compensation
expense related to certain restricted stock awards (see
Note 9) over the underlying vesting periods. The adoption
of this statement did not have a material impact on the
Companys consolidated or combined financial position or
results of operations and did not require any cumulative
adjustments to previously reported results.
Income Taxes
The Company has maintained and intends to maintain its election
as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the Code). To qualify as a REIT, the Company must
meet a number of organizational and operational requirements,
including a requirement that it currently distribute at least
90% of its adjusted taxable income to its stockholders. As a
REIT, the Company will generally not be subject to corporate
level federal income tax on taxable income it currently
distributes to its stockholders. If the Company fails to qualify
as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal
income taxes at regular corporate rates (including any
applicable alternative minimum tax) and may not be able to
qualify as a REIT for the subsequent four taxable years. Even if
the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, the Company may be
subject to certain state and local income and excise taxes on
its income and property, and to federal income and excise taxes
on its undistributed income.
The TRS manages the Companys non-REIT activities and is
subject to federal, state and local income taxes.
Other Nonoperating Income
Other nonoperating income of approximately $0.4 million for
the three months ended March 31, 2005 consists of a gain
recognized related to insurance proceeds received for a fire
that occurred at one of the Companys owned off-campus
properties in 2003.
Income per Share
Basic income per share is computed using net income and the
weighted average number of shares of the Companys common
stock outstanding during the period, including restricted stock
units (RSUs) issued to directors. Diluted income per
share reflects weighted average common shares issuable from the
assumed conversion of restricted stock awards (RSAs)
granted and profits interest units (PIUs) in the
Operating Partnership that are convertible into common shares.
See Note 9 for a discussion of RSUs, PIUs, and RSAs.
F-13
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(Continued) |
The following is a summary of the elements used in calculating
basic and diluted income per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months | |
|
|
Ended | |
|
|
March 31, 2005 | |
|
|
| |
Basic net income per share calculation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$ |
2,311 |
|
|
Discontinued
operations1
|
|
|
5,881 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$ |
8,192 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations per share
|
|
$ |
0.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from discontinued operations per
share1
|
|
$ |
0.47 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share
|
|
$ |
0.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
|
|
|
12,622,145 |
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted net income per share calculation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$ |
2,311 |
|
|
Add back income allocated to PIU holders
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations, as adjusted
|
|
|
2,398 |
|
|
Discontinued
operations1
|
|
|
5,881 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income, as adjusted
|
|
$ |
8,279 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations per share
|
|
$ |
0.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from discontinued operations per
share1
|
|
$ |
0.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share
|
|
$ |
0.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
|
|
|
12,622,145 |
|
|
PIUs
|
|
|
121,000 |
|
|
Restricted stock awards
|
|
|
26,794 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
|
|
|
12,769,939 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. |
Includes $5.9 million gain on disposition of University
Village at San Bernardino. |
In March 2005, the Company acquired a 396-unit, 1,044-bed
off-campus student housing property (Exchange at Gainesville, to
be renamed) located near the University of Florida campus in
Gainesville, Florida, for a contract purchase price of
$47.5 million, not including anticipated capital
expenditures and initial integration expenses necessary to bring
the property up to the Companys operating standards. The
Company also incurred an additional $0.5 million in closing
costs and other external acquisition costs related to this
acquisition. In addition, as discussed in Note 8, the
Company entered into a bridge loan in the amount of
$37.4 million in connection with this acquisition.
In March 2005, the Company acquired a 136-unit, 418-bed
off-campus student housing property (City Parc at Fry Street)
located near the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas, for
a contract purchase
F-14
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
3. |
Property Acquisitions (Continued) |
price of $19.2 million, not including anticipated capital
expenditures and initial integration expenses necessary to bring
the property up to the Companys operating standards. The
Company also incurred an additional $0.1 million in closing
costs and other external acquisition costs related to this
acquisition. In addition, as discussed in Note 8, the
Company assumed fixed rate mortgage debt with an outstanding
principal balance of approximately $11.8 million in
connection with this acquisition.
In February 2005, the Company acquired a five-property portfolio
(the Proctor Portfolio) for a contract purchase
price of approximately $53.5 million, not including
anticipated capital expenditures and initial integration
expenses necessary to bring the properties up to the
Companys operating standards. Four of the properties are
located in Tallahassee, Florida and one property is located in
Gainesville, Florida. These five communities total 53 buildings,
446 units, and 1,656 beds. The Company also incurred an
additional $0.3 million in closing costs and other external
acquisition costs related to this acquisition. In addition, as
discussed in Note 8, the Company assumed fixed rate
mortgage debt with an outstanding principal balance of
approximately $35.4 million in connection with this
acquisition.
The acquired properties results of operations have been
included in the accompanying consolidated statements of
operations since their respective acquisition closing dates. The
following pro forma information for the three months ended
March 31, 2005 and 2004 presents consolidated and combined
information for the Company and the Predecessor, respectively,
as if the property acquisitions and IPO discussed above had
occurred at the beginning of each period presented. The pro
forma information is provided for informational purposes only
and is not indicative of results that would have occurred or
which may occur in the future:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended | |
|
|
March 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Total revenues
|
|
$ |
22,325 |
|
|
$ |
19,039 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$ |
8,413 |
|
|
$ |
1,477 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share basic and diluted
|
|
$ |
0.67 |
|
|
$ |
0.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. |
Property Disposition and Discontinued Operations |
In November 2004, California State University
San Bernardino exercised its option to purchase the
University Village at San Bernardino off-campus student
housing property for an aggregate purchase price of
approximately $28.3 million. In accordance with the
provision of SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, this property
is reflected as Owned Off-Campus Property Held for
Sale as of December 31, 2004. This transaction was
consummated in January 2005, resulting in net proceeds of
approximately $28.1 million. The resulting gain on
disposition of approximately $5.9 million is included in
discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated
statement of operations for the three months ended
March 31, 2005.
Discontinued operations for the three months ended
March 31, 2004 includes The Village at Riverside and
certain other non-core assets that were distributed to an
affiliate of the Companys Predecessor owners in connection
with the IPO, and the Companys leasehold interest in
Coyote Village, which was transferred to Weatherford College in
April 2004 as contemplated in the structuring of the related
ground lease agreement.
The related net loss for the afore-mentioned properties is
reflected in the accompanying consolidated and combined
statements of operations as discontinued operations for the
periods presented in accordance with
F-15
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
4. |
Property Disposition and Discontinued Operations
(Continued) |
SFAS No. 144. Below is a summary of the results of
operations for the properties sold or distributed through their
respective sale or distribution dates:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months | |
|
|
Ended March 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Total revenues
|
|
$ |
29 |
|
|
$ |
820 |
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
(563 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating (loss) income
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
257 |
|
Total nonoperating expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(312 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$ |
(2 |
) |
|
$ |
(55 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, assets and
liabilities attributable to the properties held for sale
consisted of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2005 |
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
|
|
|
| |
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
176 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other assets
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
119 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Land, buildings and improvements, and furniture, fixtures, and
equipment, net of accumulated depreciation
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
22,350 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
126 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other liabilities
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
311 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5. |
Investments in Owned Off-Campus Properties |
Owned off-campus properties consist of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2005 | |
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Owned off-campus properties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Land
|
|
$ |
48,115 |
|
|
$ |
33,778 |
|
|
Buildings and improvements
|
|
|
328,228 |
|
|
|
219,841 |
|
|
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
|
|
|
14,099 |
|
|
|
10,104 |
|
|
Construction in progress
|
|
|
19,848 |
|
|
|
9,087 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
410,290 |
|
|
|
272,810 |
|
|
Less accumulated depreciation
|
|
|
(24,931 |
) |
|
|
(22,710 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned off-campus properties, net
|
|
$ |
385,359 |
|
|
$ |
250,100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6. |
On-Campus Participating Properties |
The Company is a party to ground/facility lease agreements
(Leases) with certain state university systems and
colleges (the Lessor) for the purpose of developing,
constructing, and operating student housing facilities on
university campuses. Under the terms of the leases, title to the
constructed facilities is held by the Lessor and the Lessor
receives a de minimus base rent paid at inception and 50%
of defined net cash flows on an annual basis through the term of
the lease. The Leases terminate upon the earlier of
F-16
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
6. |
On-Campus Participating Properties
(Continued) |
the final repayment of the related debt, the amortization period
of which is contractually stipulated, or the lease term.
Pursuant to the Leases, in the event the leasehold estates do
not achieve Financial Break Even (defined as revenues less
operating expenses, excluding management fees, less debt
service), the Lessor would be required to make a rental payment,
also known as the Contingent Payment, sufficient to achieve
Financial Break Even until the facilities receive investment
grade ratings. Future net cash flow distributions would be first
applied to repay such Contingent Payments. Beginning in November
1999 and December 2002, as a result of the facilities achieving
investment grade ratings, the Texas A&M University System is
no longer required to make Contingent Payments under the Prairie
View A&M University Village and University College Leases,
respectively. The Contingent Payment obligation continues to be
in effect for the University of Houston and Texas A&M
International University facilities.
In the event the Company seeks to sell its leasehold interest,
the Leases provide the Lessors the right of first refusal of a
bona fide purchase offer and an option to purchase the
lessees rights under the Lease.
In conjunction with the execution of each Lease, the Company has
entered into separate five-year agreements to manage the
facilities for 5% of defined gross receipts. The five-year terms
of the management agreements are not contingent upon the
continuation of the facility leases. Upon expiration of the
initial five year terms, the agreements continue on a
month-to-month basis.
On-campus participating properties are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Historical Cost | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Lease Commencement/ | |
|
Required Debt | |
|
March 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
Lessor/University |
|
Expiration | |
|
Repayment | |
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Texas A&M University System/ Prairie View A&M
University(1) |
|
|
2/1/96 / 8/31/38 |
|
|
|
9/1/23 |
|
|
$ |
37,844 |
|
|
$ |
37,840 |
|
Texas A&M University System/ Texas A&M International
|
|
|
2/1/96 / 8/31/38 |
|
|
|
9/1/23 |
|
|
|
5,908 |
|
|
|
5,909 |
|
Texas A&M University System/ Prairie View A&M
University(2)
|
|
|
10/1/99 / 8/31/39 |
|
|
|
8/31/25 / 8/31/28 |
|
|
|
23,680 |
|
|
|
23,663 |
|
University of Houston System/ University of Houston
Phase I
|
|
|
9/27/00 / 8/31/41 |
|
|
|
8/31/35 |
|
|
|
18,127 |
|
|
|
18,123 |
|
University of Houston System/ University of Houston
Phase II(3)
|
|
|
9/27/00 / 8/31/41 |
|
|
|
8/31/35 |
|
|
|
3,896 |
|
|
|
835 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
89,455 |
|
|
|
86,370 |
|
|
Less accumulated amortization
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(19,184 |
) |
|
|
(18,306 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On-campus participating properties, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
70,271 |
|
|
$ |
68,064 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Consists of three phases placed in service between 1996 and 1998 |
|
(2) |
Consists of two phases placed in service between 2000 and 2003. |
|
(3) |
Phase II is covered under the original Cullen Oaks ground
lease. This facility is under development and is scheduled to be
placed in service in August 2005. |
|
|
7. |
Joint Venture and Minority Interests |
In August 2004, the Operating Partnership formed a limited
liability company, 1772 Sweet Home Road, L.L.C. (Sweet
Home), with a local landowner to develop and own an
off-campus student housing
F-17
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
7. |
Joint Venture and Minority Interests
(Continued) |
property located in Buffalo, New York. The community will
consist of nine residential buildings containing 269 units
and 828 beds and is scheduled to be completed in the Fall of
2005. Upon the formation of Sweet Home, an affiliate of the
Operating Partnership (the Managing Member) caused
Sweet Home to admit the local landowner (which was a partner in
the selling partnership) as a non-managing member of Sweet Home
as partial consideration for the land. In addition, the Managing
Member will fund all remaining development and construction
costs of the project. A subsidiary of the TRS will serve as
developer and construction manager of the project. Each member
receives a return on its investment and participates in
additional returns, as defined in the Operating Agreement. This
entity is consolidated and the non-managing members
interest in Sweet Home is reflected as a minority interest in
the accompanying financial statements.
In connection with the IPO, a wholly-owned affiliate of the
Company acquired Titan Investments II (Titan),
which held a minority ownership in three development properties
and one operating property, in exchange for approximately
$5.7 million in cash. One of these properties was sold in
January 2005 (see Note 4). The three remaining properties
are now wholly owned by the Operating Partnership. This
transaction was accounted for using the purchase method and the
purchase price was allocated to the assets and liabilities
acquired based on their respective estimated fair values.
Minority interests also include PIUs received by certain
executive and senior officers on the IPO date (see Note 9).
A PIU and a share of the Companys common stock have
essentially the same economic characteristics, as they
effectively participate equally in the net income and
distributions of the Operating Partnership. The PIU
holders minority interest in the Operating Partnership is
reported at an amount equal to the PIU holders ownership
percentage of the net equity of the Operating Partnership at the
end of each reporting period (1.0% at March 31, 2005.)
A summary of the Companys outstanding consolidated
indebtedness, including unamortized debt premiums, is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Debt secured by owned off-campus properties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revolving credit facility
|
|
$ |
33,600 |
|
|
$ |
11,800 |
|
|
Mortgage and bridge loans payable
|
|
|
196,127 |
|
|
|
111,974 |
|
Debt secured by on-campus participating properties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mortgage loan payable
|
|
|
16,978 |
|
|
|
17,045 |
|
|
Construction loan payable
|
|
|
3,069 |
|
|
|
540 |
|
|
Bonds payable
|
|
|
59,655 |
|
|
|
59,655 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
309,429 |
|
|
|
201,014 |
|
Unamortized debt premiums
|
|
|
4,956 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total debt
|
|
$ |
314,385 |
|
|
$ |
201,014 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans Assumed or Entered Into in Conjunction with Property
Acquisitions
In connection with the March 2005 acquisition of Exchange at
Gainesville (to be renamed), an off-campus student housing
property, the Company entered into a bridge loan in the amount
of $37.4 million.
F-18
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
The loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 5.1% through the
initial maturity date of September 2005, at which time the
Company has the option to extend the loan for an additional six
months. If the Company chooses to exercise such extension, the
rate will be LIBOR plus 1.8% through the extension period.
In connection with the March 2005 acquisition of City Parc at
Fry Street, an off-campus student housing property, the Company
assumed approximately $11.8 million of fixed-rate mortgage
debt. The debt bears interest at 5.96% and matures in 2014. Upon
assumption of this debt, the Company recorded a debt premium of
approximately $0.6 million to reflect the estimated fair
value of the debt assumed.
In connection with the February 2005 acquisition of the Proctor
Portfolio, the Company assumed approximately $35.4 million
of fixed-rate mortgage debt. The debt has a weighted average
interest rate of 7.4% and an average term to maturity of
6 years. Upon assumption of this debt, the Company recorded
debt premiums of approximately $4.5 million to reflect the
estimated fair value of the debt assumed.
The above loans are secured by the related properties.
Revolving Credit Facility
In connection with the IPO, the Operating Partnership obtained a
senior secured revolving credit facility. The credit facility
has a term of 36 months and provides a maximum capacity of
$75 million, subject to certain conditions as contained in
the Credit Agreement (the Agreement). The maximum
capacity may be increased by up to an additional
$25 million, subject to certain borrowing base
requirements, as outlined in the Agreement. The facility bears
interest at a variable rate, at the Companys option, based
upon a base rate or one-, two-, three-, or six-month LIBOR plus,
in each case, a spread based upon the Companys total
leverage. Additionally, the Company is required to pay an unused
commitment fee ranging from 0.20% to 0.25% per annum,
depending on the aggregate unused balance. The credit facility
is secured by the Companys ownership interests in a
minimum of four unlevered owned off-campus properties. The
Company guarantees the Operating Partnerships obligations
under the credit facility. As of March 31, 2005, the
balance outstanding on the revolving credit facility totaled
$33.6 million, bearing interest at a weighted average rate
of 4.31%, with remaining availability (subject to certain
financial covenants) totaling $31.5 million.
The terms of the Agreement include certain restrictions and
covenants, which limit, among other things, the payment of
distributions (as discussed below), the incurrence of additional
indebtedness, liens, and the disposition of assets. The terms
also require compliance with financial ratios relating to
consolidated net worth and leverage requirements. The Company is
also subject to compliance with additional fixed charge and debt
coverage ratios. The distribution restriction previously
mentioned provides that, except to enable the Company to
continue to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes,
before December 31, 2005, the Company may not pay
distributions greater than $5 million in any given quarter.
Subsequent to December 31, 2005, the Company will be
prohibited from making distributions which exceed 95% of the
Companys funds from operations, as defined, over any four
consecutive fiscal quarters. As of March 31, 2005, the
Company was in compliance with all such covenants.
The Company has adopted the 2004 Incentive Award Plan (the
Plan). The Plan provides for the grant to selected
employees and directors of the Company and the Companys
affiliates of stock options, profits interest units
(PIUs) in the Operating Partnership, restricted
stock units (RSUs), restricted stock, and other
stock-based incentive awards. The Company has reserved a total
of 1,210,000 shares of the Companys common stock for
issuance pursuant to the Plan, subject to certain adjustments
for changes in
F-19
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
9. |
Incentive Award Plan (Continued) |
the Companys capital structure, as defined in the Plan. As
of both March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, the
Company has issued or granted 121,000 PIUs and 7,145 RSUs.
Additionally, as of both March 31, 2005 and
December 31, 2004, the Company has also granted
367,682 shares under an outperformance bonus plan.
Also under the Plan, on February 16, 2005, the Company
granted to its executive officers and certain employees
55,130 shares of restricted stock awards (RSAs)
that vest in equal annual installments over five years (for
executive officers) or three years (for all other employees)
beginning in February 2006. Unvested awards will be forfeited
upon the termination of the individuals employment with
the Company. The Company recognizes the value of these awards as
an expense over the vesting periods in compliance with
SFAS No. 123(R), Share Based Payment. The value
of the awards is based on the market value of the Companys
common stock on the grant date. Recipients of RSAs will receive
dividends, as declared by the Board of Directors, on unvested
shares provided that the recipients continue to be employees of
the Company. During the three months ended March 31, 2005,
the Company recognized approximately $24,000 of compensation
expense related to such awards.
In connection with the December 2003 extension of a construction
note payable, the Predecessor entered into an interest rate swap
on November 19, 2003 (effective December 15, 2003
through November 15, 2008) that was designated to hedge its
exposure to fluctuations on interest payments attributed to
changes in interest rates associated with payments on its
advancing construction note payable. Under the terms of the
interest rate swap agreement, the Company pays a fixed rate of
5.5% and receives a floating rate of LIBOR plus 1.9%. The
interest rate swap had an estimated fair value of approximately
$0.4 million and $40,000 at March 31, 2005 and
December 31, 2004, respectively, and is reflected in other
assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
The Company does not expect to reclassify a material amount of
net gains on hedge instruments from accumulated other
comprehensive income to earnings in 2005. Ineffectiveness
resulting from the Companys hedges is not material.
|
|
11. |
Commitments and Contingencies |
Commitments
Development-related guarantees: The Company commonly
provides alternate housing and project cost guarantees, subject
to force majeure. These guarantees are typically limited, on an
aggregate basis, to the amount of the projects related
development fees or a contractually agreed-upon maximum exposure
amount. Alternate housing guarantees typically expire five days
after construction is complete and generally require the Company
to provide substitute living quarters and transportation for
students to and from the university if the project is not
complete by an agreed-upon completion date. Project cost
guarantees hold the Company responsible for the cost of a
project in excess of budget. The budget consists primarily of
costs included in the general contractors guaranteed
maximum price contract (GMP). The GMP obligates the
general contractor, subject to force majeure and approved change
orders, to provide completion date guarantees and to cover cost
overruns and liquidated damages. In addition, the GMP is secured
with payment and performance bonds. Project cost guarantees
expire upon completion of certain developer obligations, which
are normally satisfied within one year after completion of the
project. The Companys estimated maximum exposure amount
under the above guarantees is approximately $4.7 million.
F-20
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
11. |
Commitments and Contingencies
(Continued) |
On one completed project, the Company has guaranteed losses up
to $3.0 million in excess of the development fee if the
loss is due to any failure of the Company to maintain, or cause
its professionals to maintain, required insurance for a period
of five years after completion of the project (August 2009).
At March 31, 2005, all projects were anticipated to
complete on schedule and within budget. The Company has
estimated the fair value of guarantees entered into or modified
after December 31, 2002, the effective date of FASB
Interpretation No. 45, Guarantors Accounting and
Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect
Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others, to be immaterial.
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into
various development-related purchase commitments with parties
that provide development-related goods and services. In the
event that the Company was to terminate development services
prior to the completion of projects under construction, the
Company could potentially be committed to satisfy outstanding
purchase orders with such parties. The Companys most
significant and common commitments rest with general contractors
and furniture suppliers.
Debt-related guarantees: RAP Student Housing Properties,
L.L.C.s (RAP SHP), an entity wholly owned by
the Operating Partnership, limited guaranty of certain
obligations of the borrower in connection with the mortgage loan
for The Village at Riverside, a property which was retained by
the Predecessor owners in connection with the IPO, continues to
be in effect. In December 2004, the property was foreclosed upon
by the lender. Pursuant to the guaranty, RAP SHP agreed to
indemnify the lender against, among other things, the
borrowers fraud or misrepresentation, the borrowers
failure to maintain insurance, certain environmental matters,
and the borrowers criminal acts. As part of the formation
transactions, the Predecessor owners have indemnified the
Company and its affiliates from and against all claims, costs,
expenses, losses and damages incurred by the Company under or in
connection with this guaranty. Even if the Company was required
to perform under the guaranty, the Predecessor owners would be
obligated to reimburse the Company for the amount of such
liability under the indemnity. The Company does not expect to
incur material exposure under this guarantee.
Contingencies
Litigation: In the normal course of business, the Company
is subject to claims, lawsuits, and legal proceedings. While it
is not possible to ascertain the ultimate outcome of such
matters, management believes that the aggregate amount of such
liabilities, if any, in excess of amounts provided or covered by
insurance, will not have a material adverse effect on the
consolidated financial position or results of operations of the
Company.
Environmental Matters: The Company is not aware of any
environmental liability with respect to the properties that
would have a material adverse effect on the Companys
business, assets or results of operations. However, there can be
no assurance that such a material environmental liability does
not exist. The existence of any such material environmental
liability could have an adverse effect on the Companys
results of operations and cash flows.
The Company defines business segments by their distinct customer
base and service provided. The Company has identified four
reportable segments: Owned Off-Campus Properties, On-Campus
Participating Properties, Development Services, and Property
Management Services. Management evaluates each segments
performance based on operating income before depreciation,
amortization, minority interests and allocation of corporate
overhead. Intercompany fees are reflected at the contractually
stipulated amounts.
F-21
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
12. |
Segments (Continued) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended | |
|
|
March 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Owned Off-Campus Properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rental revenues
|
|
$ |
12,692 |
|
|
$ |
7,989 |
|
Interest income
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues from external customers
|
|
|
12,726 |
|
|
|
7,990 |
|
Operating expenses before depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
5,065 |
|
|
|
3,539 |
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
2,456 |
|
|
|
2,910 |
|
Insurance gain
|
|
|
430 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income before depreciation and amortization, minority
interests and allocation of corporate overhead
|
|
$ |
5,635 |
|
|
$ |
1,541 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
$ |
2,455 |
|
|
$ |
1,424 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures
|
|
$ |
10,972 |
|
|
$ |
19,034 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total segment assets at March 31,
|
|
$ |
396,663 |
|
|
$ |
251,215 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On-Campus Participating Properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rental revenues
|
|
$ |
5,493 |
|
|
$ |
5,293 |
|
Interest income
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues from external customers
|
|
|
5,518 |
|
|
|
5,305 |
|
Operating expenses before depreciation, amortization, and
ground/facility leases
|
|
|
1,669 |
|
|
|
1,631 |
|
Ground/facility leases
|
|
|
212 |
|
|
|
141 |
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
1,347 |
|
|
|
1,371 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income before depreciation and amortization, minority
interests and allocation of corporate overhead
|
|
$ |
2,290 |
|
|
$ |
2,162 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
$ |
880 |
|
|
$ |
854 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures
|
|
$ |
3,055 |
|
|
$ |
124 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total segment assets at March 31,
|
|
$ |
83,423 |
|
|
$ |
90,654 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Development Services
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Development and construction management fees from external
customers
|
|
$ |
645 |
|
|
$ |
1,698 |
|
Intersegment revenues
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
737 |
|
|
|
1,698 |
|
Operating expenses
|
|
$ |
912 |
|
|
$ |
764 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating (loss) income before depreciation and amortization,
minority interests and allocation of corporate overhead
|
|
$ |
(175 |
) |
|
$ |
934 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total segment assets at March 31,
|
|
$ |
1,406 |
|
|
$ |
2,258 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-22
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
12. |
Segments (Continued) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended | |
|
|
March 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Property Management Services
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property management fees from external customers
|
|
$ |
710 |
|
|
$ |
372 |
|
Intersegment revenues
|
|
|
657 |
|
|
|
497 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
1,367 |
|
|
|
869 |
|
Operating expenses
|
|
|
418 |
|
|
|
373 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income before depreciation and amortization, minority
interests and allocation of corporate overhead
|
|
$ |
949 |
|
|
$ |
496 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total segment assets at March 31,
|
|
$ |
2,051 |
|
|
$ |
475 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total segment revenues
|
|
$ |
20,348 |
|
|
$ |
15,862 |
|
Elimination of intersegment revenues
|
|
|
(749 |
) |
|
|
(497 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total consolidated revenues
|
|
$ |
19,599 |
|
|
$ |
15,365 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment operating income before depreciation, amortization,
minority interests and allocation of corporate overhead
|
|
$ |
8,699 |
|
|
$ |
5,133 |
|
Depreciation and amortization, including amortization of
deferred financing costs
|
|
|
3,670 |
|
|
|
2,403 |
|
Net unallocated expenses relating to corporate overhead
|
|
|
2,529 |
|
|
|
1,166 |
|
Income tax provision
|
|
|
102 |
|
|
|
|
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
(87 |
) |
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$ |
2,311 |
|
|
$ |
1,585 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total segment assets
|
|
$ |
483,543 |
|
|
$ |
344,602 |
|
Unallocated corporate assets
|
|
|
2,944 |
|
|
|
2,381 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$ |
486,487 |
|
|
$ |
346,983 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On April 28, 2005, the Company entered into a Separation
Agreement and Mutual General Release (the Separation
Agreement) with Mark J. Hager, the Companys
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial and Accounting
Officer, and Treasurer. In accordance with the Separation
Agreement, the Company is obligated to pay Mr. Hager
approximately $0.4 million, payable in 12 equal monthly
installments commencing on July 15, 2005. At his option,
Mr. Hager may elect to receive such payment in a lump sum
discounted at 4%.
F-23
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of American Campus
Communities, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of
American Campus Communities, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of
December 31, 2004, and the combined balance sheet of the
American Campus Predecessor (American Campus Communities, L.L.C.
and Affiliated Student Housing Properties) as of
December 31, 2003, and the related consolidated and
combined statements of operations, changes in stockholders
and Predecessor owners equity and cash flows for the
period from January 1, 2004 through August 16, 2004
(representing the Predecessor), the period from August 17,
2004 through December 31, 2004 (representing American
Campus Communities Inc. as the Company), and for the
years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002. These consolidated
and combined financial statements are the responsibility of the
Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these consolidated and combined financial statements
based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an
audit of the Companys internal control over financial
reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control
over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit
procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not
for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of
the Companys internal control over financial reporting.
Accordingly we express no such opinion. An audit also includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, and evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable
basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated and combined financial
statements referred to above present fairly, in all material
respects, the consolidated financial position of American Campus
Communities, Inc. and Subsidiaries (Company) at
December 31, 2004 and the combined financial position of
American Campus Communities, L.L.C. and Affiliated Student
Housing Properties (Predecessor) at
December 31, 2003, and the related consolidated and
combined statements of operations, changes in stockholders
and Predecessor owners equity and cash flows for the
period from January 1, 2004 through August 16, 2004
(representing the Predecessor), the period from August 17,
2004 through December 31, 2004 (representing the Company),
and for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States.
Austin, TX
March 14, 2005
F-24
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Company | |
|
Predecessor | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in real estate:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On-campus participating properties, net
|
|
$ |
68,064 |
|
|
$ |
69,713 |
|
|
On-campus participating property held for sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,976 |
|
|
Owned off-campus properties, net
|
|
|
250,100 |
|
|
|
222,907 |
|
|
Owned off-campus property held for sale
|
|
|
22,350 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in real estate, net
|
|
|
340,514 |
|
|
|
300,596 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
4,050 |
|
|
|
5,227 |
|
Restricted cash and short-term investments
|
|
|
9,816 |
|
|
|
9,503 |
|
Student contracts receivable, net
|
|
|
2,164 |
|
|
|
2,355 |
|
Other assets
|
|
|
11,084 |
|
|
|
12,885 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$ |
367,628 |
|
|
$ |
330,566 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and stockholders and Predecessor
owners equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debt
|
|
$ |
201,014 |
|
|
$ |
267,518 |
|
|
Note payable secured by leasehold held for sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,080 |
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
|
5,443 |
|
|
|
3,966 |
|
|
Other liabilities
|
|
|
20,294 |
|
|
|
23,092 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
226,751 |
|
|
|
302,656 |
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
2,648 |
|
|
|
252 |
|
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders and Predecessor owners equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $.01 par value, 800,000,000 shares authorized,
12,615,000 shares issued and outstanding
|
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional paid in capital
|
|
|
136,259 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated earnings and distributions
|
|
|
1,802 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
(197 |
) |
|
Predecessor owners equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27,855 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders and Predecessor owners equity
|
|
|
138,229 |
|
|
|
27,658 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and stockholders and Predecessor
owners equity
|
|
$ |
367,628 |
|
|
$ |
330,566 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated and combined financial
statements.
F-25
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Company | |
|
Predecessor | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Period from | |
|
Period from | |
|
|
|
|
August 17, 2004 to | |
|
January 1, 2004 to | |
|
Year Ended | |
|
Year Ended | |
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
August 16, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2003 | |
|
December 31, 2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned off-campus properties
|
|
$ |
15,254 |
|
|
$ |
19,861 |
|
|
$ |
31,514 |
|
|
$ |
29,997 |
|
|
On-campus participating properties
|
|
|
8,078 |
|
|
|
9,340 |
|
|
|
16,482 |
|
|
|
16,055 |
|
|
Third party development services
|
|
|
1,367 |
|
|
|
3,896 |
|
|
|
7,830 |
|
|
|
3,998 |
|
|
Third party development services on-campus participating
properties
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
497 |
|
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
1,076 |
|
|
Third party management services affiliates
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
178 |
|
|
|
335 |
|
|
|
507 |
|
|
Third party management services
|
|
|
1,138 |
|
|
|
789 |
|
|
|
854 |
|
|
|
438 |
|
|
Resident services
|
|
|
382 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
26,262 |
|
|
|
34,561 |
|
|
|
57,136 |
|
|
|
52,131 |
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned off-campus properties
|
|
|
6,741 |
|
|
|
10,120 |
|
|
|
15,272 |
|
|
|
14,856 |
|
|
On-campus participating properties
|
|
|
2,604 |
|
|
|
5,296 |
|
|
|
7,925 |
|
|
|
8,101 |
|
|
Third party development and management services
|
|
|
2,140 |
|
|
|
3,403 |
|
|
|
5,389 |
|
|
|
4,441 |
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
4,202 |
|
|
|
1,032 |
|
|
|
2,749 |
|
|
|
1,995 |
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
4,158 |
|
|
|
5,815 |
|
|
|
8,868 |
|
|
|
8,077 |
|
|
Ground/facility lease
|
|
|
214 |
|
|
|
598 |
|
|
|
489 |
|
|
|
643 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
20,059 |
|
|
|
26,264 |
|
|
|
40,692 |
|
|
|
38,113 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income
|
|
|
6,203 |
|
|
|
8,297 |
|
|
|
16,444 |
|
|
|
14,018 |
|
Nonoperating income and (expenses):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
166 |
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(5,556 |
) |
|
|
(11,142 |
) |
|
|
(16,940 |
) |
|
|
(16,421 |
) |
|
Amortization of deferred financing costs
|
|
|
(842 |
) |
|
|
(369 |
) |
|
|
(558 |
) |
|
|
(546 |
) |
|
Other nonoperating income
|
|
|
653 |
|
|
|
274 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total nonoperating expenses
|
|
|
(5,706 |
) |
|
|
(11,194 |
) |
|
|
(17,427 |
) |
|
|
(16,801 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before income tax benefit, minority
interests, and discontinued operations
|
|
|
497 |
|
|
|
(2,897 |
) |
|
|
(983 |
) |
|
|
(2,783 |
) |
Income tax benefit
|
|
|
728 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
129 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations
|
|
|
1,196 |
|
|
|
(2,768 |
) |
|
|
(967 |
) |
|
|
(2,753 |
) |
Discontinued operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) attributable to discontinued operations
|
|
|
606 |
|
|
|
(334 |
) |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
319 |
|
|
(Loss) gain from disposition of real estate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(39 |
) |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
295 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total discontinued operations
|
|
|
606 |
|
|
|
(373 |
) |
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
614 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$ |
1,802 |
|
|
$ |
(3,141 |
) |
|
$ |
(944 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,139 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per share basic:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations per share
|
|
$ |
0.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share
|
|
$ |
0.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income per share diluted:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations per share
|
|
$ |
0.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share
|
|
$ |
0.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
12,513,130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
|
12,634,130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions declared per common share
|
|
$ |
0.1651 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated and combined financial
statements.
F-26
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN
STOCKHOLDERS AND PREDECESSOR OWNERS EQUITY
(in thousands, except share data)
For the Periods from January 1, 2004 to August 16,
2004 and from August 17, 2004 to December 31, 2004,
and
For the Years Ended December 31, 2003 and 2002
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated | |
|
Accumulated | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number | |
|
|
|
Additional | |
|
Earnings | |
|
Other | |
|
Predecessor | |
|
|
|
|
of | |
|
Common | |
|
Paid in | |
|
and | |
|
Comprehensive | |
|
Owners | |
|
|
|
|
Shares | |
|
Stock | |
|
Capital | |
|
Distributions | |
|
Income (Loss) | |
|
Equity | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Predecessor
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Predecessor owners equity, December 31, 2001
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
29 |
|
|
$ |
40,542 |
|
|
$ |
40,571 |
|
|
Contributions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,363 |
|
|
|
5,363 |
|
|
Distributions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(8,194 |
) |
|
|
(8,194 |
) |
|
Comprehensive loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expiration of interest rate swap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
Change in fair value of interest rate cap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(104 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(104 |
) |
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,139 |
) |
|
|
(2,139 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,214 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Predecessor owners equity, December 31, 2002
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(46 |
) |
|
|
35,572 |
|
|
|
35,526 |
|
|
Contributions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,538 |
|
|
|
3,538 |
|
|
Distributions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10,311 |
) |
|
|
(10,311 |
) |
|
Comprehensive loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in fair value of interest rate swap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(153 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(153 |
) |
|
|
Change in fair value of interest rate cap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(944 |
) |
|
|
(944 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,095 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Predecessor owners equity December 31, 2003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(197 |
) |
|
|
27,855 |
|
|
|
27,658 |
|
|
Contributions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
860 |
|
|
|
860 |
|
|
Distributions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,212 |
) |
|
|
(2,212 |
) |
|
Distribution of the Village at Riverside and other non-core
assets to Predecessor owners
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,005 |
) |
|
|
(2,005 |
) |
|
Comprehensive loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in fair value of interest rate swap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,141 |
) |
|
|
(3,141 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,138 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Predecessor owners equity, August 16, 2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
(194 |
) |
|
$ |
21,357 |
|
|
$ |
21,163 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Company
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassify Predecessor owners equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
21,357 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
(21,357 |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
Net proceeds from sale of common stock
|
|
|
12,615,000 |
|
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
197,694 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
197,820 |
|
|
Issuance of fully vested restricted stock units
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
Fair value of profits interest units granted
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,117 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,117 |
|
|
Record minority interests for profits interest units
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,424 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,424 |
) |
|
Redemption of ownership interest of Predecessor owners
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(80,127 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(80,127 |
) |
|
Distributions to Predecessor owners
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,399 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,399 |
) |
|
Distributions to common stockholders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,084 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,084 |
) |
|
Comprehensive income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in fair value of interest rate swap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
Expiration of interest rate cap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,802 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,802 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,038 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders equity, December 31, 2004
|
|
|
12,615,000 |
|
|
$ |
126 |
|
|
$ |
136,259 |
|
|
$ |
1,802 |
|
|
$ |
42 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
138,229 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated and combined financial
statements.
F-27
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period from | |
|
Period from | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
August 17, 2004 | |
|
January 1, 2004 | |
|
Year Ended | |
|
Year Ended | |
|
|
to December 31, | |
|
to August 16, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Operating activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$ |
1,802 |
|
|
$ |
(3,141 |
) |
|
$ |
(944 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,139 |
) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash
provided by operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
4,395 |
|
|
|
5,949 |
|
|
|
9,214 |
|
|
|
8,411 |
|
|
Amortization of deferred financing costs
|
|
|
933 |
|
|
|
421 |
|
|
|
587 |
|
|
|
564 |
|
|
Compensation expense recognized for award of profits interest
units and restricted stock units
|
|
|
2,242 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax benefit
|
|
|
(728 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restricted cash and short-term investments
|
|
|
4,385 |
|
|
|
(5,016 |
) |
|
|
(2,036 |
) |
|
|
(140 |
) |
|
|
Student contracts receivable, net
|
|
|
(727 |
) |
|
|
860 |
|
|
|
(378 |
) |
|
|
355 |
|
|
|
Other assets
|
|
|
786 |
|
|
|
2,320 |
|
|
|
(265 |
) |
|
|
(1,269 |
) |
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
|
(910 |
) |
|
|
2,591 |
|
|
|
(421 |
) |
|
|
1,335 |
|
|
|
Other liabilities
|
|
|
199 |
|
|
|
932 |
|
|
|
1,105 |
|
|
|
530 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
|
12,377 |
|
|
|
4,916 |
|
|
|
6,862 |
|
|
|
7,647 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in on-campus participating properties
|
|
|
(1,316 |
) |
|
|
(565 |
) |
|
|
(3,788 |
) |
|
|
(396 |
) |
|
Student housing facility subject to lease-held for sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(7,976 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in owned off-campus properties
|
|
|
(13,220 |
) |
|
|
(47,900 |
) |
|
|
(21,777 |
) |
|
|
(20,901 |
) |
|
Purchase of furniture, fixtures and equipment
|
|
|
(401 |
) |
|
|
(219 |
) |
|
|
(197 |
) |
|
|
(381 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(14,937 |
) |
|
|
(48,684 |
) |
|
|
(33,738 |
) |
|
|
(21,678 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from short-term loans, net of paydowns
|
|
|
(1,870 |
) |
|
|
1,796 |
|
|
|
(716 |
) |
|
|
790 |
|
|
Proceeds from revolving credit facility, net of paydowns
|
|
|
11,800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repayment of long-term debt
|
|
|
(107,149 |
) |
|
|
(1,403 |
) |
|
|
(2,997 |
) |
|
|
(33,502 |
) |
|
Repayment of notes payable related parties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,000 |
) |
|
|
(1,096 |
) |
|
Proceeds from long-term debt
|
|
|
540 |
|
|
|
41,170 |
|
|
|
29,605 |
|
|
|
47,969 |
|
|
Proceeds from notes payable related parties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,020 |
|
|
|
607 |
|
|
Change in construction accounts payable
|
|
|
(6,860 |
) |
|
|
2,044 |
|
|
|
3,943 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
Issuance of common stock
|
|
|
220,763 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debt issuance and offering costs
|
|
|
(21,855 |
) |
|
|
(3,001 |
) |
|
|
(1,513 |
) |
|
|
(447 |
) |
|
Distributions to common stockholders and holders of profits
interest units
|
|
|
(2,104 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contributions from Predecessor owners
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
860 |
|
|
|
3,538 |
|
|
|
5,363 |
|
|
Distributions to Predecessor owners
|
|
|
(1,399 |
) |
|
|
(2,212 |
) |
|
|
(10,311 |
) |
|
|
(8,194 |
) |
|
Redemption of ownership interests of Predecessor owners
|
|
|
(85,853 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
(105 |
) |
|
|
(32 |
) |
|
|
153 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
6,002 |
|
|
|
39,149 |
|
|
|
21,537 |
|
|
|
11,646 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
3,442 |
|
|
|
(4,619 |
) |
|
|
(5,339 |
) |
|
|
(2,385 |
) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
|
|
|
608 |
|
|
|
5,227 |
|
|
|
10,566 |
|
|
|
12,951 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
|
|
$ |
4,050 |
|
|
$ |
608 |
|
|
$ |
5,227 |
|
|
$ |
10,566 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing
activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reduction of investment in student housing due to fire
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
(3,750 |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financing of equipment through capital lease obligations
|
|
$ |
69 |
|
|
$ |
302 |
|
|
$ |
117 |
|
|
$ |
278 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in fair value of derivative instruments, net
|
|
$ |
(134 |
) |
|
$ |
373 |
|
|
$ |
(151 |
) |
|
$ |
(76 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfer of leasehold asset
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
7,976 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repayment by transferee of note payable on leasehold asset held
for sale
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
(8,080 |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contribution of land from minority partner in development joint
venture
|
|
$ |
1,220 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distribution of assets of The Village at Riverside and other
non-core assets to Predecessor owners
|
|
$ |
(13,845 |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distribution of liabilities of The Village at Riverside and
other non-core assets to Predecessor owners
|
|
$ |
11,840 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest paid
|
|
$ |
7,657 |
|
|
$ |
9,960 |
|
|
$ |
17,665 |
|
|
$ |
17,237 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes paid
|
|
$ |
67 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated and combined financial
statements.
F-28
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
1. |
Organization and Description of Business |
American Campus Communities, Inc. (the Company)
commenced operations as a fully integrated real estate
investment trust (REIT) effective with the
completion of its initial public offering (the IPO)
on August 17, 2004. Through the Companys controlling
interest in American Campus Communities Operating Partnership,
L.P. (the Operating Partnership), of which a
wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company is the sole general
partner, and the subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership,
including its Taxable REIT Subsidiary, American Campus
Communities Services, Inc. (the TRS), the Company is
one of the largest private owners, managers and developers of
high quality student housing properties in the United States in
terms of beds owned and under management. The Company is a fully
integrated, self-managed and self-administered equity REIT with
expertise in the acquisition, design, financing, development,
construction management, leasing and management of student
housing properties.
The Company was formed to succeed certain businesses of the
American Campus Communities Predecessor (the
Predecessor), which was not a legal entity but
rather a combination of real estate entities under common
ownership and voting control collectively doing business as
American Campus Communities, L.L.C. and Affiliated Student
Housing Properties. The Companys Predecessor entities were
engaged in the student housing business since 1993. The Company
was incorporated in Maryland on March 9, 2004.
Additionally, the Operating Partnership was formed and the TRS
was incorporated in Maryland on July 14, 2004 and
August 17, 2004, respectively, each in anticipation of the
IPO. The IPO was consummated on August 17, 2004, concurrent
with the consummation of various formation transactions, and
consisted of the sale of 12,100,000 shares of the Companys
common stock at a price per share of $17.50, generating gross
proceeds of approximately $211.8 million. The aggregate
proceeds to the Company, net of the underwriters discount
and offering costs, were approximately $189.4 million. In
connection with the exercise of the underwriters
over-allotment option on September 15, 2004, the Company
issued an additional 515,000 shares of common stock at the IPO
price per share, generating an additional $9.0 million of
gross proceeds and $8.4 million in net proceeds after the
underwriters discount and offering costs. Also in
connection with the IPO formation transactions, the Company used
approximately $85.9 million of IPO proceeds to redeem the
ownership interests of the Predecessor owners. These payments
were accounted for as an equity distribution within the
accompanying consolidated and combined statements of changes in
stockholders and Predecessor owners equity. The
Companys operations commenced on August 17, 2004
after completion of the IPO and the formation transactions, and
are carried on primarily through the Operating Partnership and
its wholly owned subsidiaries, including the TRS.
As of December 31, 2004, the Company owned, through its
Operating Partnership, 18 student housing properties containing
approximately 4,300 apartment units and 13,000 beds. The
Companys owned portfolio included 13 owned off-campus
properties that are in close proximities to public colleges and
universities and five on-campus properties operated under
ground/facility leases with the related university systems.
These communities contain modern housing units, offer
resort-style amenities and are supported by a classic resident
assistant system and other student-oriented programming.
Through the TRS, the Company provides construction management
and development services for student housing properties owned by
colleges and universities, charitable foundations, and others.
As of December 31, 2004, the Company also provided third
party property management and leasing services for 19 student
housing properties (13 of which the Company served as the third
party developer and construction manager) that represented
approximately 11,300 beds in approximately 4,500 units. Third
party management and leasing services are typically provided
pursuant to multi-year management contracts that have an initial
term that ranges from two to five years. As of December 31,
2004, the Companys total owned and managed portfolio
included 37 properties that represented approximately 24,300
beds in approximately 8,800 units.
F-29
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Principles of Consolidation and Combination
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include all
of the accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership and
the subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership. Ownership
interests contributed to the Operating Partnership by the
Predecessor entities have been accounted for as a reorganization
of entities under common control in a manner similar to a
pooling-of-interests. Accordingly, the contributed assets and
assumed liabilities were recorded at the Predecessors
historical cost basis. This method of accounting also requires
the reporting of results of operations for the period in which
the reorganization occurred as though the entities had been
combined at either the beginning of the period or inception. The
reorganization did not require any material adjustments to
conform to the accounting policies of the separate entities.
The historical financial data prior to August 17, 2004
presented in this report is the historical data for the
Predecessor and reflects the combined historical results of
operations and financial position of the Predecessor including
the operations of The Village at Riverside and certain other
non-core assets which were distributed to the Predecessor owners
as a part of the formation transactions. As a result, the
historical results of operations and financial position prior to
the IPO are not indicative of, or in some instances directly
comparable to, the Companys results of operations and
financial position after the IPO.
The Company consolidates entities over which it exercises
significant control over major operating decisions, such as
approval of budgets, development management, and changes in
financing. The entities included in the consolidated and
combined financial statements have been consolidated or combined
only for the periods that such entities were under the control
of the Company or the Predecessor. All significant intercompany
balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation
or combination. All dollar amounts in the tables herein, except
share and per share amounts, are stated in thousands unless
otherwise indicated.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) issued a revision to Statement of Financial
Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 123,
Share-Based Payment. This statement establishes
standards for the accounting for transactions in which an entity
exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services. It also
addresses transactions in which an entity incurs liabilities in
exchange for goods or services that are based on the fair value
of the entitys equity instruments or that may be settled
by the issuance of those equity instruments. The adoption of
this statement did not have a material impact on the
Companys consolidated or combined financial position or
results of operations.
In December 2004, the Emerging Issues Task Force
(EITF) issued EITF No. 04-5,
Investors Accounting for an Investment in a Limited
Partnership When the Investor is the Sole General Partner and
the Limited Partners Have Certain Rights. This statement
provides guidance in assessing when a sole general partner, as
defined, should consolidate its investment in a limited
partnership. This statement applies to the Companys
investment in the 1772 Sweet Home Road joint venture discussed
in Note 7. The adoption of this statement is not expected
to have a material impact on the Companys consolidated or
combined financial position or results of operations.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
(GAAP) requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at
the date of the
F-30
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(Continued) |
financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and
expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could
differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a
maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash
equivalents. The Company maintains cash balances in various
banks. At times the Companys balances may exceed the
$0.1 million amount insured by the FDIC. As the Company
only uses money-centered financial institutions, the Company
does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk
related to its cash and cash equivalents.
Restricted Cash and Short-Term Investments
Restricted cash and short-term investments consist of funds held
in trust and invested in low risk investments, generally
consisting of government backed securities, as permitted by the
indentures of trusts, which were established in connection with
three bond issues. Additionally, restricted cash includes escrow
accounts held by lenders and resident security deposits, as
required by law in certain states. Certain funds held by a
trustee in a required escrow account are being invested under a
forward delivery agreement in government backed securities that
have a remaining maturity when purchased of six months. Realized
and unrealized gains and losses are not material for the periods
presented.
Internal-Use Software
The Company capitalizes direct costs incurred during the
application, development, and implementation stages for
developing, purchasing or otherwise acquiring software for
internal use. These costs are included in other assets in the
accompanying consolidated and combined balance sheets and are
amortized over the estimated useful lives of the software,
generally three to five years. All costs incurred during the
preliminary project stage, including project scoping,
identification and testing of alternatives, are expensed as
incurred.
Fixed Assets and Depreciation
Land, buildings and improvements, on-campus participating
properties, and furniture, fixtures and equipment, are recorded
at historical cost. The cost of buildings and improvements
includes the purchase price of the property, including legal
fees and acquisition costs. Buildings and improvements are
depreciated over 40 years. On-campus participating
properties are amortized over useful lives ranging from 25 to
34 years, representing the respective lease terms.
Furniture, fixtures, equipment, and software for internal use
are depreciated over estimated useful lives ranging from 3 to
7 years.
Depreciation and amortization are computed using the
straight-line method for financial reporting purposes.
Accumulated depreciation on furniture, fixtures and equipment
and software for internal use at December 31, 2004 and 2003
approximated $1.2 million and $0.9 million,
respectively.
Student Housing Construction and Development In Progress
Costs, including construction period interest and amortization
of deferred financing costs, associated with projects either
under construction or those that are under development and are
expected to be constructed are capitalized and included in
on-campus participating properties, net or owned off-campus
properties, net in the accompanying consolidated and combined
balance sheets, as applicable. Upon completion of the project,
costs are transferred into the applicable asset category and
depreciation commences. Costs
F-31
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(Continued) |
associated with projects that are terminated are expensed at the
time of termination. Interest capitalized during the year
approximated $1.8 million, $0.4 million and
$0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2004,
2003, and 2002, respectively. Amortization of deferred financing
costs totaling approximately $0.2 million,
$0.1 million, and $0.2 million was capitalized during
the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002,
respectively.
On-Campus Participating Properties
The Company enters into ground and facility leases
(Leases) with university systems and colleges
(Lessor) to finance, construct, and manage student
housing facilities. Under the terms of the leases, the Lessor
has title to the land and any improvements placed thereon. The
Lease terminates upon final repayment of the construction
related financing, the amortization period of which is
contractually stipulated. Pursuant to EITF No. 97-10:
The Effect of Lessee Involvement in Asset Construction,
the Companys involvement in construction requires the
Lessors post construction ownership of the improvements to
be treated as a sale with a subsequent leaseback by the Company.
The sale-leaseback transaction has been accounted for as a
financing, and as a result, any fee earned during construction
is deferred and recognized over the term of the lease. The
resulting financing obligation is reflected at the terms of the
underlying financing, i.e., interest is accrued at the
contractual rates and principal reduces in accordance with the
contractual principal repayment schedules.
The Company reflects these assets subject to ground/facility
leases at historical cost, less amortization. Costs are
amortized, and deferred fee revenue in excess of the cost of
providing the service are recognized, over the lease term.
Long-Lived Assets Held for Sale
Long-lived assets to be disposed of are classified as held for
sale in the period in which all of the following criteria are
met:
|
|
|
|
a. |
Management, having the authority to approve the action, commits
to a plan to sell the asset |
|
|
|
|
b. |
The asset is available for immediate sale in its present
condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for
sales of such assets |
|
|
|
|
c. |
An active program to locate a buyer and other actions required
to complete the plan to sell the asset have been initiated |
|
|
|
|
d. |
The sale of the asset is probable, and transfer of the asset is
expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale, within
one year |
|
|
|
|
e. |
The asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is
reasonable in relation to its current fair value |
|
|
|
|
f. |
Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is
unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or
that the plan will be withdrawn. |
Concurrent with this classification, the asset is recorded at
the lower of cost or fair value, and depreciation ceases.
Long-Lived Assets Impairment
SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment and
Disposal of Long-Lived Assetsrequires that long-lived
assets to be held and used be reviewed for impairment whenever
events or changes in circumstances
F-32
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(Continued) |
indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be
recoverable. If an event or change in circumstance indicates
that a potential impairment in the value of a property has
occurred, the Companys policy is to assess any potential
impairment by making a comparison of the current and projected
cash flows for such property over its remaining holding period,
on an undiscounted basis, to the carrying amount of the
property. If such carrying amounts are in excess of the
estimated projected cash flows of the property, the Company
would recognize an impairment loss equivalent to an amount
required to adjust the carrying amount to its estimated fair
market value. As of December 31, 2004, management
determined that no indicators of impairment existed.
Repairs, Maintenance, and Major Improvements
The costs of ordinary repairs and maintenance are charged to
operations when incurred. Major improvements that extend the
life of an asset are capitalized and depreciated over the
remaining useful life of the asset. Planned major repair,
maintenance and improvement projects are capitalized when
performed.
Deferred Financing Costs
The Company defers financing costs and amortizes the costs over
the terms of the related debt using the effective interest
method. Upon repayment of or in conjunction with a material
change in the terms of the underlying debt agreement, any
unamortized costs are charged to earnings. Accordingly,
concurrent with the pay off of two mortgage loans and three
construction loans in connection with the IPO, unamortized
finance costs totaling approximately $0.6 million were
charged to earnings.
Amortization expense, net of amounts capitalized, approximated
$1.4 million, $0.6 million, and $0.6 million for
the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002,
respectively. Accumulated amortization at December 31, 2004
and 2003 approximated $1.6 million and $1.8 million,
respectively.
Rental Revenues and Related Receivables
Students are required to execute lease contracts with payment
schedules that vary from single to monthly payments. Receivables
are recorded when billed, revenues and related lease incentives
are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the
contracts, and balances are considered past due when payment is
not received on the contractual due date. Generally, the Company
requires each executed contract to be accompanied by a
refundable security deposit and a signed parental guaranty.
Security deposits are refundable, net of any outstanding
charges, upon expiration of the underlying contract.
Allowances for doubtful accounts are established when management
determines that collection of specific receivables are doubtful.
When management has determined a receivable to be uncollectible,
the receivable is removed as an asset with a corresponding
reduction in the allowance for doubtful accounts.
The allowance for doubtful accounts is summarized as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, Beginning | |
|
Charged to | |
|
|
|
Balance, End | |
|
|
of Period | |
|
Expense | |
|
Write-Offs | |
|
of Period | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Year ended December 31, 2002
|
|
$ |
894 |
|
|
$ |
738 |
|
|
$ |
(56 |
) |
|
$ |
1,576 |
|
Year ended December 31, 2003
|
|
$ |
1,576 |
|
|
$ |
584 |
|
|
$ |
(103 |
) |
|
$ |
2,057 |
|
Year ended December 31, 2004
|
|
$ |
2,057 |
|
|
$ |
646 |
|
|
$ |
(1,851 |
)(1) |
|
$ |
852 |
|
|
|
(1) |
In 2004, the Company wrote off essentially all receivables that
were 100% reserved. |
F-33
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(Continued) |
Development Services Revenue and Cost Recognition
Third-Party Projects
Costs associated with the pursuit of development and
construction management contracts are expensed as incurred,
until such time that management believes it is probable the
contract will be executed. Costs are then deferred and
recognized in relation to the revenues earned on executed
contracts. Development and construction revenues and related
costs are recognized by the Company using the percentage of
completion method, as determined by construction costs incurred
relative to total estimated construction costs. Incentive fees
are recognized when performance has been verified by an
independent third party.
Facility Management Revenues
Management fees are recognized when earned in accordance with
each management contract. Incentive management fees are
recognized when the incentive criteria have been met and the
incentive amount has been confirmed by a third party.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed during the period incurred. The
Company uses no direct response advertising. Advertising expense
approximated $0.4 million, $0.9 million, and
$0.6 million in 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Derivative financial instruments are reported on the balance
sheet at fair value. Changes in fair value are recognized either
in earnings or as other comprehensive income, depending on
whether the derivative has been designated as a fair value or
cash flow hedge and whether it qualifies as part of a hedging
relationship, the nature of the exposure being hedged, and how
effective the derivative is at offsetting movements in
underlying exposure. The Company discontinues hedge accounting
when: (i) it determines that the derivative is no longer
effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows
of a hedged item; (ii) the derivative expires or is sold,
terminated, or exercised; (iii) it is no longer probable
that the forecasted transaction will occur; or
(iv) management determines that designating the derivative
as a hedging instrument is no longer appropriate. In all
situations in which hedge accounting is discontinued and the
derivative remains outstanding, the Company will carry the
derivative at its fair value on the balance sheet, recognizing
changes in the fair value in current-period earnings.
The Company uses interest rate swaps and caps to effectively
convert a portion of its floating rate debt to fixed rate, thus
reducing the impact of rising interest rates on interest
payments. These instruments are designated as cash flow hedges
and qualify for the short cut method under
SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments
and Hedging Activities, as amended. The interest
differential to be paid or received is accrued as interest
expense. The Companys counter-parties are major financial
institutions.
Common Stock Issuance Costs
In accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commissions
Staff Accounting Bulleting No. 5, specific incremental
costs directly attributable to the IPO were deferred and charged
against the gross proceeds of the offering. As such,
underwriting commissions and other common stock issuance costs
are reflected as a reduction of additional paid in capital.
F-34
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(Continued) |
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income
(loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), consisting of
unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments.
Comprehensive income (loss) is presented in the
accompanying consolidated and combined statements of changes in
stockholders and Predecessor owners equity, and
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is displayed
as a separate component of stockholders and Predecessor
owners equity.
Income Taxes
The Company intends to elect to be taxed as a REIT under the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
Code), commencing with the taxable year ended
December 31, 2004. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must
meet a number of organizational and operational requirements,
including a requirement that it currently distribute at least
90% of its adjusted taxable income to its stockholders. The
Company believes that it has been organized and has operated in
a manner that will allow it to qualify for taxation as a REIT
under the Code commencing with the taxable year ended
December 31, 2004, and it is managements intention to
adhere to these requirements and maintain the Companys
REIT status.
As a REIT, the Company will generally not be subject to
corporate level federal income tax on taxable income it
currently distributes to its stockholders. If the Company fails
to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to
federal income taxes at regular corporate rates (including any
applicable alternative minimum tax) and may not be able to
qualify as a REIT for the subsequent four taxable years. Even if
the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, the Company may be
subject to certain state and local income and excise taxes on
its income and property, and to federal income and excise taxes
on its undistributed income.
The TRS manages the Companys non-REIT activities and is
subject to federal, state and local income taxes.
Financial Instruments
The Company does not hold or issue financial instruments for
trading purposes. The fair value of financial instruments was
estimated based on the following methods and assumptions:
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Short-Term
Investments, Student Contracts Receivable, Other Assets,
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses, and Other
Liabilities: the carrying amount approximates fair value,
due to the short maturity of these instruments.
Mortgage Loans: the fair value of mortgage loans is based
on the present value of the cash flows at current rates through
maturity. As of December 31, 2004, the Company estimated
the fair value of its mortgage loans to be approximately
$130.8 million.
Bonds Payable: the fair value of bonds payable is based
on market quotes for bonds outstanding. As of December 31,
2004, the Company estimated the fair value of its bonds payable
to be approximately $72.4 million.
Line of Credit (Revolving Credit Facility): the fair
value of the Companys revolving credit facility
approximates carrying value due to the variable interest rate
feature of this instrument.
Derivative Instruments: these instruments are reported on
the balance sheet at fair value, which is based on calculations
provided by independent, third-party financial institutions and
represent the discounted future cash flows expected, based on
the projected future interest rate curves over the life of the
instrument.
F-35
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(Continued) |
Reclassifications
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform
to the current period presentation, which includes balance
sheets presented in an unclassified format and discontinued
operations.
Earnings per share is calculated based on the weighted average
number of shares of the Companys common stock outstanding
during the period. Restricted stock units (RSUs) are
included in both basic and diluted weighted average common
shares outstanding because they were fully vested on the date of
grant and all conditions required in order for the recipients to
earn the RSUs have been satisfied. Profits interest units
(PIUs) in the Operating Partnership are excluded
from basic weighted average common shares outstanding because
the conditions required in order for those units to be converted
into common shares have not yet been satisfied. See Note 9
for a discussion of PIUs and RSUs.
The following is a summary of the elements used in calculating
basic and diluted income per share for the period subsequent to
the IPO (August 17, 2004 through December 31, 2004):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period from | |
|
|
August 17, 2004 | |
|
|
through | |
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
|
| |
Basic net income per share calculation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$ |
1,196 |
|
|
Discontinued operations
|
|
|
606 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$ |
1,802 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations per share
|
|
$ |
0.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from discontinued operations per share
|
|
$ |
0.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share
|
|
$ |
0.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
|
|
|
12,513,130 |
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted net income per share calculation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$ |
1,196 |
|
|
Add back income allocated to PIU holders
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations, as adjusted
|
|
|
1,226 |
|
|
Discontinued operations
|
|
|
606 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income, as adjusted
|
|
$ |
1,832 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations per share
|
|
$ |
0.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from discontinued operations per share
|
|
$ |
0.05 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share
|
|
$ |
0.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
|
|
|
12,513,130 |
|
|
PIUs
|
|
|
121,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
|
|
|
12,634,130 |
|
|
|
|
|
F-36
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
4. Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between
the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities of the TRS for
financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax
purposes. Significant components of the deferred tax assets and
liabilities are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
|
| |
Deferred tax assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed and intangible assets
|
|
$ |
11,742 |
|
|
Net operating loss carryforward
|
|
|
343 |
|
|
Prepaid and deferred rent
|
|
|
175 |
|
|
Bad debt reserves
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
Accrued expenses
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred tax assets
|
|
|
12,327 |
|
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets
|
|
|
(10,696 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
|
|
|
1,631 |
|
Deferred tax liability:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred financing costs
|
|
|
903 |
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred tax assets
|
|
$ |
728 |
|
|
|
|
|
Significant components of the income tax benefit are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period from | |
|
|
August 17, 2004 | |
|
|
through | |
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
|
| |
Deferred:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal
|
|
$ |
660 |
|
|
State
|
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total (total income tax benefit from continuing operations)
|
|
$ |
728 |
|
|
|
|
|
TRS income subject to tax is $0.4 million for the period
from August 17, 2004 (IPO and TRS formation date) to
December 31, 2004. The reconciliation of income tax
attributable to continuing operations computed at the U.S.
statutory rate to income tax benefit is as follows, including
the percentage of consolidated income subject to tax:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period from | |
|
|
August 17, 2004 to | |
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
|
| |
Tax at U.S. statutory rates on TRS income subject to tax
|
|
$ |
(132 |
) |
State income tax, net of federal income tax benefit
|
|
|
(14 |
) |
Effect of permanent differences
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
Decrease in valuation allowance
|
|
|
217 |
|
Initial adoption of SFAS No. 109
|
|
|
665 |
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax benefit
|
|
$ |
728 |
|
|
|
|
|
Upon formation, the TRS became subject to federal and state
income taxation and, accordingly, established deferred tax
assets and liabilities. The net deferred tax asset recorded upon
formation was
F-37
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
4. |
Income Taxes (Continued) |
$0.7 million, the tax benefit for which is reflected as
income tax benefit in the accompanying consolidated and combined
statements of operations. The valuation allowance decreased by
$0.2 million during the period from August 17, 2004 to
December 31, 2004 due to managements determination
that an additional amount of gross deferred tax assets became
more likely than not to be recognized.
At December 31, 2004, the Company had net operating loss
carryforwards (NOLs) of approximately
$0.9 million for income tax purposes that expire in 2024.
These NOLs may be used to offset future taxable income generated
by the TRS.
|
|
5. |
Investments in Owned Off-Campus Properties |
Owned off-campus properties consist of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Owned off-campus properties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Land
|
|
$ |
33,778 |
|
|
$ |
35,434 |
|
|
Buildings and improvements
|
|
|
219,841 |
|
|
|
175,436 |
|
|
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
|
|
|
10,104 |
|
|
|
6,673 |
|
|
Construction in progress
|
|
|
9,087 |
|
|
|
22,961 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
272,810 |
|
|
|
240,504 |
|
|
Less accumulated depreciation
|
|
|
(22,710 |
) |
|
|
(17,597 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned off-campus properties, net
|
|
$ |
250,100 |
|
|
$ |
222,907 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In May 2003, an arson fire destroyed a student housing facility
under construction. Reconstruction commenced in June 2003 and
the Company has received advances totaling approximately
$8.8 million as of December 31, 2004. Accordingly, the
Company has recognized a total gain of $0.7 million during
the year ended December 31, 2004 related to the settlement
of this claim. This amount is included in other nonoperating
income in the accompanying consolidated and combined statements
of operations.
Owned Off-Campus Property Held for Sale
In November 2004, California State University San
Bernardino exercised its option to purchase the University
Village at San Bernardino off-campus student housing property
for an aggregate purchase price of approximately
$28.3 million. This transaction was consummated in January
2005, and this property is reflected as Owned Off-Campus
Property Held for Sale as of December 31, 2004 in
the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. This property is
included in the Owned Off-Campus Properties segment discussed in
Note 16.
|
|
6. |
On-Campus Participating Properties |
The Company is a party to ground/facility lease agreements
(Leases) with certain state university systems and
colleges (the Lessor) for the purpose of developing,
constructing, and operating student housing facilities on
university campuses. Under the terms of the leases, title to the
constructed facilities is held by the Lessor and the Lessor
receives a de minimus base rent paid at inception and 50% of
defined net cash flows on an annual basis through the term of
the lease. The leases terminate upon final repayment of the
related debt, the amortization period of which is contractually
stipulated.
F-38
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
6. |
On-Campus Participating Properties
(Continued) |
Pursuant to the Leases, in the event the leasehold estates do
not achieve Financial Break Even, (defined as revenues less
operating expenses, excluding management fees, less debt
service) the Lessor would be required to make a rental payment,
also known as the Contingent Payment, sufficient to achieve
Financial Break Even until the facilities received investment
grade ratings. Future net cash flow distributions would be first
applied to repay such Contingent Payments. As a result of
obtaining permanent financing (non recourse to the Company),
beginning November 1999 and December 2002, the Texas A&M
University System is no longer required to make Contingent
Payments under the Prairie View A&M University Phase I, II,
III (University Village) and Phase IV (University College)
leases, respectively, as the facilities received investment
grade ratings.
In the event the Company seeks to sell its leasehold interest,
the Leases provide the Lessors the right of first refusal of a
bona fide purchase offer and an option to purchase the
lessees rights under the lease.
In conjunction with the execution of each Lease, the Company has
entered into a separate five-year agreement to manage the
facilities for 5% of defined gross receipts. The five-year term
of the management agreement is not contingent upon the
continuation of the facility lease. Upon expiration of the
respective five year management agreements, the agreements
continue on a month-to-month basis.
On-campus participating properties are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Historical Cost | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
Lease Commencement/ | |
|
Required Debt | |
|
| |
Lessor/University |
|
Expiration | |
|
Repayment | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Texas A&M University System/ Prairie View A&M
University(1)
|
|
|
2/1/96 |
|
|
|
/ |
|
|
|
8/31/38 |
|
|
|
9/1/23 |
|
|
$ |
37,840 |
|
|
$ |
37,368 |
|
Texas A&M University System/ Texas A&M International
|
|
|
2/1/96 |
|
|
|
/ |
|
|
|
8/31/38 |
|
|
|
9/1/23 |
|
|
|
5,909 |
|
|
|
5,889 |
|
Texas A&M University System/ Prairie View A&M
University(2)
|
|
|
10/1/99 |
|
|
|
/ |
|
|
|
8/31/39 |
|
|
|
8/31/25 / 8/31/28 |
|
|
|
23,663 |
|
|
|
23,366 |
|
University of Houston System/ University of Houston Phase
I
|
|
|
9/27/00 |
|
|
|
/ |
|
|
|
8/31/41 |
|
|
|
8/31/35 |
|
|
|
18,123 |
|
|
|
17,864 |
|
University of Houston System/ University of Houston
Phase II(3)
|
|
|
9/27/00 |
|
|
|
/ |
|
|
|
8/31/41 |
|
|
|
8/31/35 |
|
|
|
835 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
86,370 |
|
|
|
84,487 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less accumulated amortization
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(18,306 |
) |
|
|
(14,774 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On-campus participating properties, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
68,064 |
|
|
$ |
69,713 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Consists of three phases placed in service between 1996 and 1998 |
|
(2) |
Consists of two phases placed in service between 2000 and 2003. |
|
(3) |
Phase II is covered under the original Cullen Oaks ground lease.
This facility is under development and is scheduled to be placed
in service in August 2005. |
On-campus Participating Property Held for Sale
During 2003, the Predecessor entered into a ground lease with
Weatherford College, obtained construction financing and
constructed a student housing facility which opened in the Fall
of 2003. This propertys ground lease was transferred to
Weatherford College and the related debt was repaid in April
2004. The leasehold is reflected as Student Housing Facility
Subject to Ground Lease Held for Sale and the
F-39
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
6. |
On-Campus Participating Properties
(Continued) |
related construction loan is reflected as Note Payable Secured
by Leasehold Held for Sale as of December 31, 2003 in the
accompanying combined balance sheet. This property is included
in the On-Campus Participating Properties segment discussed in
Note 16.
|
|
7. |
Joint Venture and Minority Interests |
In August 2004, the Operating Partnership formed a limited
liability company, 1772 Sweet Home Road, L.L.C. (Sweet
Home), with a local landowner to develop and own an
off-campus student housing property located in Buffalo, New
York. The community will consist of nine residential buildings
containing 269 units and 828 beds and is scheduled to be
completed in the Fall of 2005. Upon the formation of Sweet Home,
an affiliate of the Operating Partnership (the Managing
Member) caused Sweet Home to admit the local landowner
(which was a partner in the selling partnership) as a
non-managing member of Sweet Home as partial consideration for
the land. In addition, the Managing Member will fund all
remaining development and construction costs of the project. A
subsidiary of the TRS will serve as the developer and
construction manager of the project. Each member receives a
return on its investment and participates in additional returns,
as defined in the Operating Agreement. This entity is
consolidated and the non-managing members interest in
Sweet Home is reflected as a minority interest in the
accompanying financial statements.
In connection with the IPO, a wholly-owned affiliate of the
Company acquired Titan Investments II (Titan), which
held a minority ownership in three development properties and
one operating property in exchange for approximately
$5.7 million in cash. Subsequent to this transaction, the
four properties are now wholly owned by the Operating
Partnership. This transaction was accounted for using the
purchase method and the purchase price was allocated to the
assets and liabilities acquired based on their respective fair
values.
Minority interests also include PIUs received by certain
executive and senior officers on the IPO date (see Note 9).
A PIU and a share of the Companys common stock have
essentially the same economic characteristics, as they
effectively participate equally in the net income and
distributions of the Operating Partnership. The PIU
holders minority interest in the Operating Partnership is
reported at an amount equal to the PIU holders ownership
percentage of the net equity of the Operating Partnership at the
end of each reporting period (1.0% at December 31, 2004.)
A summary of the Companys outstanding consolidated and
combined indebtedness is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Debt secured by owned off-campus properties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revolving credit facility and short-term notes payable
|
|
$ |
11,800 |
|
|
$ |
74 |
|
|
Mortgage loans payable
|
|
|
111,974 |
|
|
|
170,780 |
|
|
Construction loans payable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26,447 |
|
Debt secured by on-campus participating properties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mortgage loan payable
|
|
|
17,045 |
|
|
|
17,287 |
|
|
Construction loan payable
|
|
|
540 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bonds payable
|
|
|
59,655 |
|
|
|
61,010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total debt
|
|
$ |
201,014 |
|
|
$ |
275,598 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-40
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
During the twelve months ended December 31, 2004, the
following transactions occurred:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended | |
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
|
| |
Balance, beginning of period
|
|
$ |
275,598 |
|
Additions
|
|
|
|
|
|
Draws on lines of credit, net of payoffs
|
|
|
11,726 |
|
|
Draws under advancing construction loans
|
|
|
41,170 |
|
|
Closing of new construction loan for leasehold property(1)
|
|
|
540 |
|
Deductions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scheduled repayments of principal
|
|
|
(3,053 |
) |
|
Repayment of note payable secured by leasehold held for sale
|
|
|
(8,080 |
) |
|
Reduction in debt due to distribution of assets in connection
with IPO
|
|
|
(11,388 |
) |
|
Repayment of construction loans in connection with IPO
|
|
|
(59,537 |
) |
|
Repayment of mortgage loans in connection with IPO
|
|
|
(45,962 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
201,014 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
In December 2004, the Company obtained a new construction loan
to fund the development and construction of Cullen
Oaks Phase II, a leasehold facility scheduled
to open in August 2005. The loan has a term of 18 months
and bears interest, at the Companys option, at either
Prime (5.25% at December 31, 2004) or LIBOR plus 2.0% (4.4%
at December 31, 2004). |
Revolving Credit Facility
In connection with the IPO, the Operating Partnership obtained a
senior secured revolving credit facility. The credit facility
has a term of 36 months and provides a maximum capacity of
$75 million, subject to certain conditions as contained in
the Credit Agreement (the Agreement). The maximum
capacity may be increased by up to an additional
$25 million, subject to certain borrowing base
requirements, as outlined in the Agreement. The facility bears
interest at a variable rate, at the Companys option, based
upon a base rate or one-, two-, three-, or six-month LIBOR plus,
in each case, a spread based upon the Companys total
leverage. Additionally, the Company is required to pay an unused
commitment fee ranging from 0.20% to 0.25% per annum,
depending on the aggregate unused balance. The credit facility
is secured by the Companys ownership interests in a
minimum of four unlevered owned off-campus properties. The
Company guarantees the Operating Partnerships obligations
under the credit facility. As of December 31, 2004, the
balance outstanding on the revolving credit facility totaled
$11.8 million, bearing interest at 3.9%, with remaining
availability (subject to certain financial covenants) totaling
$53.3 million.
The terms of the Agreement include certain restrictions and
covenants, which limit, among other things, the payment of
distributions (as discussed below), the incurrence of additional
indebtedness, liens, and the disposition of assets. The terms
also require compliance with financial ratios relating to
consolidated net worth and leverage requirements. Commencing
with the earlier of the day the outstanding balance exceeds
$25 million or December 31, 2005, the Company will
also be subject to compliance with additional fixed charge and
debt coverage ratios. The distribution restriction previously
mentioned provides that, except to enable the Company to
continue to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes,
before December 31, 2005, the Company may not pay
distributions greater than $5 million in any given quarter.
Subsequent to December 31, 2005, the Company will be
prohibited from making distributions which exceed 95% of the
Companys funds from operations, as defined, over any four
consecutive fiscal quarters. As of December 31, 2004, the
Company was in compliance with all such covenants.
F-41
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Construction Loans and Mortgage Notes Payable
Construction loans and mortgage notes payable at
December 31, 2004 consisted of nine loans secured by
off-campus and on-campus properties consisting of:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Rate at | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal | |
|
Stated |
|
December 31, | |
|
|
|
|
Property |
|
Outstanding(3) | |
|
Interest Rate |
|
2004 | |
|
Maturity Date | |
|
Amortization | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Cullen Oaks(1)
|
|
$ |
17,045 |
|
|
LIBOR +1.90% |
|
|
5.54 |
% |
|
|
November 2008 |
|
|
|
30 years |
|
Cullen Oaks Phase II(2)
|
|
|
540 |
|
|
(2) |
|
|
4.41 |
% |
|
|
June 2006 |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
University Village at Boulder Creek
|
|
|
16,540 |
|
|
5.71% |
|
|
5.71 |
% |
|
|
November 2012 |
|
|
|
30 years |
|
River Club Apartments
|
|
|
18,533 |
|
|
8.18% |
|
|
8.18 |
% |
|
|
August 2010 |
|
|
|
30 years |
|
River Walk Townhomes
|
|
|
7,683 |
|
|
8.00% |
|
|
8.00 |
% |
|
|
September 2009 |
|
|
|
30 years |
|
Village at Alafaya Club
|
|
|
20,474 |
|
|
8.16% |
|
|
8.16 |
% |
|
|
August 2010 |
(4) |
|
|
30 years |
|
Village at Blacksburg
|
|
|
21,352 |
|
|
7.50% |
|
|
7.50 |
% |
|
|
January 2011 |
|
|
|
30 years |
|
Commons on Apache
|
|
|
7,668 |
|
|
7.66% |
|
|
7.66 |
% |
|
|
June 2009 |
|
|
|
30 years |
|
Callaway House
|
|
|
19,724 |
|
|
7.10% |
|
|
7.10 |
% |
|
|
April 2011 |
|
|
|
30 years |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$ |
129,559 |
|
|
Wtd Avg Rate |
|
|
7.18 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Floating rate on this mortgage loan was swapped to a fixed rate
of 5.54%. This swap terminates in November 2008, at which time
the interest rate will revert back to a variable rate. The TRS
has guaranteed payment of this indebtedness. |
|
(2) |
Construction loan was obtained in December 2004. For each
borrowing, the Company has the option of choosing either a Prime
rate or LIBOR plus 2.0%. The Company has an option to extend the
maturity of this loan through November 2008. The TRS has
guaranteed this indebtedness, up to a limit of $4.0 million
of construction loan principal plus interest and litigation fees
potentially incurred by the lender. This guaranty will remain in
effect until the balance on the related construction loan is
paid in full. |
|
(3) |
For federal income tax purposes, the aggregate cost of the loans
is equal to the carrying amount. |
|
(4) |
Represents the Anticipated Repayment Date, as defined in the
loan agreement. If the loan is not repaid on the Anticipated
Repayment Date, then certain monthly payments including excess
cash flow, as defined, become due through the maturity date of
August 2030. |
Bonds Payable
Bonds payable consist of three issues secured by student housing
ground/facility leases, with interest and principal paid
semi-annually and annually, respectively, through maturity.
Covenants include, among other items, budgeted and actual debt
service coverage ratios. The bonds are nonrecourse to the
Company.
F-42
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
Payment of regularly scheduled principal payments is guaranteed
by MBIA Insurance Corporation. Bonds payable at
December 31, 2004 consisted of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Principal | |
|
Weighted | |
|
|
|
Required | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
Average | |
|
|
|
Monthly | |
Series |
|
Mortgaged Facilities Subject to Leases |
|
Original | |
|
2004 | |
|
Rate | |
|
Maturity Through |
|
Debt Service | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
1999
|
|
University Village-PVAMU/ TAMIU |
|
$ |
39,270 |
|
|
$ |
35,570 |
|
|
|
7.50% |
|
|
September 2023 |
|
$ |
302 |
|
2001
|
|
University CollegePVAMU |
|
|
20,995 |
|
|
|
19,855 |
|
|
|
7.40% |
|
|
August 2025 |
|
|
158 |
|
2003
|
|
University CollegePVAMU |
|
|
4,325 |
|
|
|
4,230 |
|
|
|
5.90% |
|
|
August 2028 |
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total/weighted average rate |
|
$ |
64,590 |
|
|
$ |
59,655 |
|
|
|
7.35% |
|
|
|
|
$ |
488 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Short-term Notes Payable
On May 1, 2002, the Predecessor entered into a line of
credit facility bearing interest at the Prime rate plus 1.0%.
The line of credit was limited to 66.7% of forecasted annual
cash flow with a maximum of $1.0 million. The facility was
secured by reimbursable development and acquisition costs and
leasehold distributions. This line of credit was paid off in
connection with the IPO.
On December 16, 2002, the Predecessor executed a note
payable in the amount of $0.4 million, bearing interest at
higher of LIBOR or 5.0% maturing on December 1, 2003, to
finance the acquisition of land to be used for future
development with a university system. On August 19, 2003,
the University acquired the land and the loan was repaid.
Schedule of Debt Maturities
Scheduled debt maturities (reflecting automatic extensions where
applicable) for each of the five years subsequent to
December 31, 2004, are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scheduled | |
|
Due at | |
|
|
|
|
Principal | |
|
Maturity | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
2005
|
|
$ |
3,001 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
3,001 |
|
2006
|
|
|
3,216 |
|
|
|
540 |
|
|
|
3,756 |
|
2007
|
|
|
15,241 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,241 |
|
2008
|
|
|
3,617 |
|
|
|
15,972 |
|
|
|
19,589 |
|
2009
|
|
|
3,511 |
|
|
|
14,389 |
|
|
|
17,900 |
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
69,580 |
|
|
|
71,947 |
|
|
|
141,527 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
98,166 |
|
|
$ |
102,848 |
|
|
$ |
201,014 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payment of principal and interest were current at
December 31, 2004. Mortgage notes and bonds payable are
subject to prepayment penalties.
The Company has adopted the 2004 Incentive Award Plan (the
Plan). The Plan provides for the grant to selected
employees and directors of the Company and the Companys
affiliates of stock options, profits interest units
(PIUs) in the Operating Partnership, restricted
stock units (RSUs), restricted stock, and other
stock-based incentive awards. The Company has reserved a total
of 1,210,000 shares of the
F-43
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
9. |
Incentive Award Plan (Continued) |
Companys common stock for issuance pursuant to the Plan,
subject to certain adjustments for changes in the Companys
capital structure, as defined in the Plan.
Profits Interest Units
Upon consummation of the IPO, 121,000 PIUs were issued to
certain executive and senior officers. PIUs are a special class
of interests in the Operating Partnership, and each PIU awarded
is deemed equivalent to one share of the Companys common
stock. PIUs will receive the same quarterly per unit
distribution as the per share distributions on the
Companys common stock. Under the terms of the PIU
agreements, the Operating Partnership will revalue its assets
upon the occurrence of certain book-up events, at
which time the PIUs will achieve full parity with common units
of the Operating Partnership. PIUs will thereafter be
automatically converted into an equal number of common units of
the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership recognized
approximately $2.1 million of compensation expense on the
IPO date, reflecting the fair value of the PIUs issued.
Restricted Stock Units
In conjunction with the IPO, 7,145 RSUs were issued to certain
independent directors. No shares of stock were issued at the
time of the RSU awards, and the Company is not required to set
aside a fund for the payment of any such award; however, the
stock is deemed to be awarded on the date of grant. Upon the
Settlement Date, which is three years from the date of grant,
the Company will deliver to the recipients a number of shares of
common stock equal to the number of RSUs held by the recipients.
In addition, recipients of RSUs are entitled to dividend
equivalents equal to the cash distributions paid by the Company
on one share of common stock for each RSU issued, payable
currently or on the Settlement Date, as determined by the
Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The Company
recognized approximately $0.1 million of compensation
expense on the IPO date, reflecting the fair value of the RSUs
issued.
Outperformance Bonus Plan
Upon consummation of the IPO, the Company granted to its
executive officers and certain key employees a special award
based upon the individuals continued service and attaining
certain performance measures. These awards consist of a bonus
pool equal to the value on the date of vesting of
367,682 shares of common stock. No dividends or dividend
equivalent payments will accrue with respect to the shares of
common stock underlying this bonus pool. Vesting of the awards
will occur on the third anniversary of the IPO, provided that
the employees have maintained continued service and that at
least one performance measure, as outlined in the Plan, has been
achieved. These performance measures include (i) a total
return on the Companys stock of at least 25% per
annum from the IPO date through the vesting date, or (ii) a
total return on the Companys stock of at least
12% per annum from the IPO date through the vesting date,
and such return is at or above the 60th percentile of the total
return achieved by peer companies during the same
period. Payments of vested awards will be made within
120 days of vesting. Such payments will be paid in cash;
however, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors
may, in its sole discretion, elect to pay such an award through
the issuance of shares of common stock, PIUs or similar
securities, valued at the date of issuance. Because the
achievement of the required performance measures was considered
to be remote as of December 31, 2004, nothing has been
reflected in the accompanying financial statements related to
these awards.
F-44
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
In connection with the 2001 acquisition of a student housing
facility, the Predecessor purchased an interest rate cap
effective November 16, 2001 through December 10, 2004,
for approximately $0.1 million. The rate cap paid interest
above LIBOR of 7.5% and was designated to hedge the
Predecessors exposure to increases in cash outflows for
interest payments on a variable rate loan in the amount of
$19.5 million. The debt underlying this hedge was repaid in
connection with the IPO and consequently the hedge is no longer
considered an effective cash flow hedge. This hedge has zero
fair value at December 31, 2004 and 2003.
In connection with the December 2003 extension of a construction
note payable, the Predecessor entered into an interest rate swap
on November 19, 2003 (effective December 15, 2003
through November 15, 2008) that was designated to hedge its
exposure to fluctuations on interest payments attributed to
changes in interest rates associated with payments on its
advancing construction note payable. Under the terms of the
interest rate swap agreement, the Company pays a fixed rate of
5.5% and receives a floating rate of LIBOR plus 1.9%. The
interest rate swap had a fair value (negative fair value) of
approximately $40,000 and ($0.2 million) at
December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively, and is reflected
in other assets and other liabilities in the accompanying
consolidated and combined balance sheets, respectively.
The Company does not expect to reclassify a material amount of
net gains on hedge instruments from accumulated other
comprehensive income to earnings in 2005. Ineffectiveness
resulting from the Companys hedges is not material.
|
|
11. |
Related Party Transactions |
Prior to the IPO, the Predecessor borrowed funds from certain of
its owners to fund short-term working capital needs. These notes
were unsecured and accrued interest at 16%, compounded monthly.
Borrowings under these arrangements totaled $-0- and
$1.0 million for 2004 and 2003, respectively. There were no
balances outstanding at December 31, 2004 and 2003.
Interest expense on related party notes payable for 2004, 2003,
and 2002 totaled $-0-, $35,000, and $0.1 million,
respectively.
Prior to the IPO, an affiliate of the Predecessor had an
ownership interest in Dobie Center Properties, Ltd. which owns
Dobie Center, a student housing facility. Pursuant to a
management agreement with the Dobie Center, the Company received
facility management fees representing 3% of gross receipts and
6% of qualifying capital projects, and commercial leasing fees
of 4% of commercial leases. Such fees totaled approximately
$0.2 million, $0.3 million, and $0.4 million for
2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively. The management agreement
began operating on a month-to-month basis upon expiration in May
2002. Upon consummation of the Companys IPO, the Company
no longer has an ownership interest in this property; as such,
the management fees earned subsequent to the IPO are reflected
as third party management services on the accompanying
consolidated statements of operations.
Subsequent to the IPO, the Company has paid its Predecessor
owners approximately $1.4 million related to a guarantee
fee and the distribution of insurance proceeds from a fire that
occurred at an off-campus student housing property (see
Note 5).
The Company is a party to a sublease for corporate office space
beginning August 15, 2002, and expiring December 31,
2010. The terms of the sublease provide for a period of free
rent and scheduled rental rate increases and common area
maintenance charges upon expiration of the free rent period.
Concurrent with the sublease of the new office, the Predecessor
sublet its existing office space through the expiration of the
lease in October 2003.
F-45
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
12. |
Lease Commitments (Continued) |
The Company entered into a ground lease agreement on
October 2, 2003 for the purpose of constructing a student
housing facility near the campus of Temple University in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The agreement terminates
June 30, 2079 and has four six year extensions available.
Under the terms of the ground lease, the lessor receives annual
minimum rents of $0.1 million and contingent rental
payments based on a defined formula.
The Company also has various operating and capital leases for
furniture, office and technology equipment, which expire through
2009. Rental expense under the operating lease agreements
approximated $0.5 million, $0.6 million, and
$0.5 million in 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively, net of
sublease income of approximately $-0-, $0.1 million, and
$28,000.
On-campus participating properties, net at December 31,
2004 included approximately $0.2 million related to a
capital lease of technology equipment, net of approximately
$23,000 of accumulated amortization. Other assets at
December 31, 2004 included approximately $0.3 million
related to assets under capital leases, net of $0.2 million
of accumulated amortization.
Future minimum commitments over the life of all leases
subsequent to December 31, 2004, are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating | |
|
Capital | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
2005
|
|
$ |
527 |
|
|
$ |
275 |
|
2006
|
|
|
509 |
|
|
|
182 |
|
2007
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
135 |
|
2008
|
|
|
478 |
|
|
|
95 |
|
2009
|
|
|
480 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
7,334 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total minimum lease payments
|
|
|
9,810 |
|
|
|
715 |
|
Amount representing interest
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance of minimum lease payments
|
|
$ |
9,810 |
|
|
$ |
598 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The capital lease obligations are reflected in other liabilities
in the accompanying consolidated and combined balance sheets.
Amortization of assets recorded under capital leases for the
years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002 is included
in depreciation expense and is immaterial for the periods
presented.
|
|
13. |
Concentration of Risks |
The Company has a significant presence on a single university
campus, Prairie View A&M University. These on-campus
participating properties represent approximately 21.0%, 21.0%,
and 22.0% of the Companys consolidated and combined
revenues for 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively. The percentage
of consolidated and combined net income attributable to those
facilities is minimal. The unlikely event of significantly
diminished enrollment at this university could have a negative
impact on the Companys ability to achieve its forecasted
profitability.
|
|
14. |
Commitments and Contingencies |
Commitments
Employment agreement: Pursuant to an employment agreement
with a former key employee of the Predecessor, the Company is
required to make periodic payments and provide certain other
benefits
F-46
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
14. |
Commitments and Contingencies
(Continued) |
through 2005. The present value of these payments of
approximately $1.0 million was expensed during the year
ended December 31, 2003. The remaining amount owed under
this agreement is included in accounts payable and accrued
expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated
and combined balance sheets.
Development-related guarantees: The Company commonly
provides alternate housing and project cost guarantees, subject
to force majeure. These guarantees are typically limited, on an
aggregate basis, to the amount of the projects related
development fees or a contractually agreed-upon maximum exposure
amount. Alternate housing guarantees typically expire five days
after construction is complete and generally require the Company
to provide substitute living quarters and transportation for
students to and from the university if the project is not
complete by an agreed-upon completion date. Project cost
guarantees hold the Company responsible for the cost of a
project in excess of budget. The budget consists primarily of
costs included in the general contractors guaranteed
maximum price contract (GMP). The GMP obligates the
general contractor, subject to force majeure and approved change
orders, to provide completion date guarantees and to cover cost
overruns and liquidated damages. In addition, the GMP is secured
with payment and performance bonds. Project cost guarantees
expire upon completion of certain developer obligations, which
are normally satisfied within one year after completion of the
project. The Companys estimated maximum exposure amount
under the above guarantees is approximately $3.6 million.
On one completed project, the Company has guaranteed losses up
to $3.0 million in excess of the development fee if the
loss is due to any failure of the Company to maintain, or cause
its professionals to maintain, required insurance for a period
of five years beyond completion of the project (August 2009).
At December 31, 2004 all projects were on schedule and
within budget. The Company has estimated the fair value of
guarantees entered into or modified after December 31,
2002, the effective date of FASB Interpretation No. 45
Guarantors Accounting and Disclosure Requirements
for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of
Others, to be immaterial.
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into
various development-related purchase commitments with parties
that provide development-related goods and services. In the
event that the Company was to terminate development services
prior to the completion of projects under construction, the
Company could potentially be committed to satisfy outstanding
purchase orders with such parties. The Companys most
significant and common commitments rest with general contractors
and furniture suppliers.
Debt-related guarantees: RAP Student Housing Properties,
L.L.C.s (RAP SHP, an entity wholly owned by
the Operating Partnership) limited guaranty of certain
obligations of the borrower in connection with the mortgage loan
for The Village at Riverside, a property which was retained by
the Predecessor owners in connection with the IPO, continues to
be in effect. Subsequent to the IPO, the property was foreclosed
upon by the lender. Pursuant to the guaranty, RAP SHP agreed to
indemnify the lender against, among other things, the
borrowers fraud or misrepresentation, the borrowers
failure to maintain insurance, certain environmental matters,
and the borrowers criminal acts. As part of the formation
transactions, the Predecessor owners have indemnified the
Company and its affiliates from and against all claims, costs,
expenses, losses and damages incurred by the Company under or in
connection with this guaranty. Even if the Company was required
to perform under the guaranty, the Company would be reimbursed
for the amount of such liability by the Predecessor owners so
long as they are not in breach of their obligations to the
Company under the indemnity.
F-47
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
14. |
Commitments and Contingencies
(Continued) |
Contingencies
Litigation: In the normal course of business, the Company
is subject to claims, lawsuits, and legal proceedings. While it
is not possible to ascertain the ultimate outcome of such
matters, management believes that the aggregate amount of such
liabilities, if any, in excess of amounts provided or covered by
insurance, will not have a material adverse effect on the
consolidated financial position or results of operations of the
Company.
Environmental Matters: The Company is not aware of any
environmental liability with respect to the properties that
would have a material adverse effect on the Companys
business, assets or results of operations. However, there can be
no assurance that such a material environmental liability does
not exist. The existence of any such material environmental
liability could have an adverse effect on the Companys
results of operations and cash flows.
|
|
15. |
Discontinued Operations |
As described in Note 5, in November 2004, California State
University San Bernardino exercised its option
to purchase the University Village at San Bernardino
off-campus student housing property. As discussed in
Note 6, a leasehold interest was transferred to Weatherford
College in April 2004. Additionally, as discussed in
Note 1, in connection with the IPO, the Company distributed
its interests in the entities owning The Village at Riverside to
an affiliate of the Companys Predecessor owners along with
certain other non-core assets. Discontinued operations for the
year ended December 31, 2002 also includes a leasehold
interest that was transferred to Lamar University in December
2002.
Accordingly, the related net income for the afore-mentioned
properties is reflected in the accompanying consolidated and
combined statements of operations as discontinued operations for
the periods presented in accordance with SFAS No. 144.
Below is a summary of the results of operations for the
properties sold or distributed through their respective sale or
distribution dates:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total revenues
|
|
$ |
2,767 |
|
|
$ |
2,769 |
|
|
$ |
2,932 |
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
1,738 |
|
|
|
1,776 |
|
|
|
1,625 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income
|
|
|
1,029 |
|
|
|
993 |
|
|
|
1,307 |
|
Total nonoperating expenses
|
|
|
757 |
|
|
|
986 |
|
|
|
988 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$ |
272 |
|
|
$ |
7 |
|
|
$ |
319 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-48
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
15. |
Discontinued Operations (Continued) |
As of December 31, 2004 and 2003, assets and liabilities
attributable to the properties classified within discontinued
operations consisted of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$ |
176 |
|
|
$ |
403 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other assets
|
|
$ |
119 |
|
|
$ |
1,112 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Land, buildings and improvements, and furniture, fixtures, and
equipment, net of accumulated depreciation
|
|
$ |
22,350 |
|
|
$ |
31,013 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
|
|
$ |
126 |
|
|
$ |
490 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes payable
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
25,811 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other liabilities
|
|
$ |
311 |
|
|
$ |
513 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company defines business segments by their distinct customer
base and service provided. The Company has identified four
reportable segments: Owned Off-Campus Properties, On-Campus
Participating Properties, Development Services, and Property
Management Services. Management evaluates each segments
performance based on operating income before depreciation,
amortization, minority interests and allocation of corporate
overhead. Intercompany fees are reflected at the contractually
stipulated amounts.
As a result of the Companys new structure subsequent to
the IPO, management has segregated the segment formerly titled
Student Housing Rentals into two distinct segments
titled Owned Off-Campus Properties and
On-Campus Participating Properties. This new segment
reporting format better reflects how third parties analyze the
Company and its properties subsequent to the IPO and,
accordingly, how management internally evaluates the operations
of such properties.
F-49
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
16. |
Segments (Continued) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Owned Off-Campus Properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rental revenues
|
|
$ |
35,497 |
|
|
$ |
31,499 |
|
|
$ |
29,702 |
|
Interest and other income
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues from external customers
|
|
|
35,518 |
|
|
|
31,499 |
|
|
|
29,749 |
|
Operating expenses before depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
15,597 |
|
|
|
14,583 |
|
|
|
13,893 |
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
11,049 |
|
|
|
11,700 |
|
|
|
11,070 |
|
Insurance gain
|
|
|
654 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income before depreciation, amortization, minority
interests and allocation of corporate overhead
|
|
$ |
9,526 |
|
|
$ |
5,216 |
|
|
$ |
4,786 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
$ |
6,520 |
|
|
$ |
5,667 |
|
|
$ |
5,081 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures
|
|
$ |
61,120 |
|
|
$ |
21,777 |
|
|
$ |
20,901 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total segment assets at December 31,
|
|
$ |
269,643 |
|
|
$ |
201,676 |
|
|
$ |
206,659 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On-Campus Participating Properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rental revenues
|
|
$ |
17,418 |
|
|
$ |
16,482 |
|
|
$ |
16,055 |
|
Interest and other income
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues from external customers
|
|
|
17,479 |
|
|
|
16,509 |
|
|
|
16,122 |
|
Operating expenses before depreciation, amortization, and
ground/facility lease
|
|
|
7,381 |
|
|
|
7,411 |
|
|
|
7,124 |
|
Ground/facility lease
|
|
|
812 |
|
|
|
489 |
|
|
|
643 |
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
5,469 |
|
|
|
5,181 |
|
|
|
5,191 |
|
Insurance gain
|
|
|
273 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income before depreciation, amortization, minority
interests and allocation of corporate overhead
|
|
$ |
4,090 |
|
|
$ |
3,428 |
|
|
$ |
3,164 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
$ |
3,532 |
|
|
$ |
3,271 |
|
|
$ |
3,152 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures
|
|
$ |
1,881 |
|
|
$ |
3,788 |
|
|
$ |
396 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total segment assets at December 31,
|
|
$ |
79,686 |
|
|
$ |
89,502 |
|
|
$ |
79,501 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Development Services
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Development and construction management fees from external
customers
|
|
$ |
5,803 |
|
|
$ |
8,010 |
|
|
$ |
5,481 |
|
Intersegment revenues
|
|
|
234 |
|
|
|
456 |
|
|
|
222 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
6,037 |
|
|
|
8,466 |
|
|
|
5,703 |
|
Operating expenses
|
|
|
3,796 |
|
|
|
3,854 |
|
|
|
3,934 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income before depreciation, amortization, minority
interests and allocation of corporate overhead
|
|
$ |
2,241 |
|
|
$ |
4,612 |
|
|
$ |
1,769 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total segment assets at December 31,
|
|
$ |
12,879 |
|
|
$ |
34,639 |
|
|
$ |
13,807 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property Management Services
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property management fees from external customers
|
|
$ |
2,105 |
|
|
$ |
1,189 |
|
|
$ |
945 |
|
Intersegment revenues
|
|
|
1,152 |
|
|
|
983 |
|
|
|
930 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
3,257 |
|
|
|
2,172 |
|
|
|
1,875 |
|
Operating expenses
|
|
|
1,480 |
|
|
|
1,523 |
|
|
|
1,675 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income before depreciation, amortization, minority
interests and allocation of corporate overhead
|
|
$ |
1,777 |
|
|
$ |
649 |
|
|
$ |
200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total segment assets at December 31,
|
|
$ |
1,141 |
|
|
$ |
615 |
|
|
$ |
261 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total segment revenues
|
|
$ |
62,291 |
|
|
$ |
58,646 |
|
|
$ |
53,449 |
|
Elimination of intersegment revenues
|
|
|
(1,386 |
) |
|
|
(1,439 |
) |
|
|
(1,152 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total consolidated revenues
|
|
$ |
60,905 |
|
|
$ |
57,207 |
|
|
$ |
52,297 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment operating income before depreciation, amortization,
minority interests and allocation of corporate overhead
|
|
$ |
17,634 |
|
|
$ |
13,905 |
|
|
$ |
9,919 |
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
11,184 |
|
|
|
9,426 |
|
|
|
8,623 |
|
Net unallocated expenses relating to corporate overhead
|
|
|
8,850 |
|
|
|
5,462 |
|
|
|
4,079 |
|
Income tax benefit
|
|
|
728 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from continuing operations
|
|
$ |
(1,572 |
) |
|
$ |
(967 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,753 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total segment assets
|
|
$ |
363,349 |
|
|
$ |
326,432 |
|
|
$ |
300,228 |
|
Unallocated corporate assets
|
|
|
4,279 |
|
|
|
4,134 |
|
|
|
7,430 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$ |
367,628 |
|
|
$ |
330,566 |
|
|
$ |
307,658 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-50
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
17. |
Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) |
The information presented below represents the combined
financial results of the Predecessor from January 1, 2004
to August 16, 2004, and the consolidated financial results
of the Company from August 17, 2004 to December 31,
2004.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
1st Quarter | |
|
2nd Quarter | |
|
3rd Quarter | |
|
4th Quarter | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total revenues
|
|
$ |
16,172 |
|
|
$ |
14,331 |
|
|
$ |
13,971 |
|
|
$ |
19,116 |
|
|
$ |
63,590 |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$ |
1,529 |
|
|
$ |
(1,001 |
) |
|
$ |
(5,208 |
) |
|
$ |
3,341 |
|
|
$ |
(1,339 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share-basic
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
0.26 |
|
|
$ |
0.14 |
(2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share-diluted
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
0.26 |
|
|
$ |
0.15 |
(2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
1st Quarter | |
|
2nd Quarter | |
|
3rd Quarter | |
|
4th Quarter | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total revenues
|
|
$ |
15,647 |
|
|
$ |
14,083 |
|
|
$ |
14,026 |
|
|
$ |
16,167 |
|
|
$ |
59,923 |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$ |
1,347 |
|
|
$ |
(370 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,544 |
) |
|
$ |
(377 |
) |
|
$ |
(944 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Includes revenues from discontinued operations of
$2.8 million for each of the years ended December 31,
2004 and 2003. |
(2) |
Represents the period from August 17, 2004 (IPO date)
through December 31, 2004. |
On February 17, 2005, the Company declared a distribution
per share of $0.3375 which was paid on March 8, 2005 to all
common stockholders of record as of February 25, 2005. At
the same time, the Company paid or set aside an equivalent
amount per unit to holders of PIUs and RSUs, respectively (see
Note 9).
In February 2005, the Company acquired a five-property portfolio
(the Proctor Portfolio) for a purchase price of
$53.5 million, including the assumption of
$35.4 million in debt (excluding the impact of purchase
accounting adjustments). Four of the properties are located in
Tallahassee, Florida and one property is located in Gainesville,
Florida. These five communities total 53 buildings,
446 units, and 1,656 beds. The results of operations of
these properties will be included in the Companys
consolidated statements of operations beginning in the first
quarter of 2005.
In March 2005, we acquired a 136-unit, 418-bed off-campus
student housing property (CityParc) located near the
University of North Texas in Denton, Texas, for a purchase price
of $19.2 million, including the assumption of approximately
$11.8 million of fixed-rate mortgage debt (excluding the
impact of purchase accounting adjustments).
In February 2005, the Company entered into a purchase and sale
agreement to acquire a 396-unit, 1,044-bed off-campus student
housing property (Exchange at Gainesville) located
near the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida.
The purchase and sale agreement contemplates a purchase price of
approximately $47.5 million. The Company expects to close
this acquisition in late first quarter or early second quarter
2005.
As discussed in Note 5, in November 2004, California State
University San Bernardino exercised its option
to purchase the University Village at San Bernardino
off-campus student housing property for an aggregate purchase
price of approximately $28.3 million. This transaction was
consummated in January 2005, resulting in a gain on disposition
of approximately $5.9 million.
Subsequent to the transactions discussed above, the
Companys total owned and managed portfolio will include 43
properties that represent approximately 26,900 beds in
approximately 9,600 units.
F-51
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
19. |
Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Initial Costs | |
|
Basis Step-Up | |
|
|
|
Total Costs | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buildings and | |
|
|
|
Buildings and | |
|
|
|
|
|
Buildings and | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Improvements | |
|
|
|
Improvements | |
|
Costs | |
|
|
|
Improvements | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and | |
|
|
|
and | |
|
Capitalized | |
|
|
|
and | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Furniture, | |
|
|
|
Furniture, | |
|
Subsequent | |
|
|
|
Furniture, | |
|
|
|
Depreciation | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixtures and | |
|
|
|
Fixtures and | |
|
to | |
|
|
|
Fixtures and | |
|
|
|
Accumulated | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Units | |
|
Beds | |
|
Land | |
|
Equipment | |
|
Land | |
|
Equipment | |
|
Acquisition | |
|
Land | |
|
Equipment | |
|
Total(4) | |
|
(1) | |
|
Encumbrances | |
|
Year Built | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Owned Off-campus Properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commons on Apache
|
|
|
111 |
|
|
|
444 |
|
|
$ |
1,464 |
|
|
$ |
8,072 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
1,163 |
|
|
$ |
1,464 |
|
|
$ |
9,235 |
|
|
$ |
10,699 |
|
|
$ |
1,826 |
|
|
$ |
7,668 |
|
|
|
1987 |
|
The Village at Blacksburg
|
|
|
288 |
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
|
3,826 |
|
|
|
22,155 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,353 |
|
|
|
3,826 |
|
|
|
23,508 |
|
|
|
27,334 |
|
|
|
2,797 |
|
|
|
21,352 |
|
|
|
1990/1998 |
|
The Village on University
|
|
|
288 |
|
|
|
918 |
|
|
|
5,508 |
|
|
|
31,264 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,104 |
|
|
|
5,508 |
|
|
|
32,368 |
|
|
|
37,876 |
|
|
|
4,698 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1998 |
|
River Club Apartments
|
|
|
266 |
|
|
|
794 |
|
|
|
3,478 |
|
|
|
19,655 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
660 |
|
|
|
3,478 |
|
|
|
20,315 |
|
|
|
23,793 |
|
|
|
3,151 |
|
|
|
18,533 |
|
|
|
1996 |
|
River Walk Townhomes
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
340 |
|
|
|
1,442 |
|
|
|
8,194 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
292 |
|
|
|
1,442 |
|
|
|
8,486 |
|
|
|
9,928 |
|
|
|
1,312 |
|
|
|
7,683 |
|
|
|
1998 |
|
The Callaway House
|
|
|
173 |
|
|
|
538 |
|
|
|
5,081 |
|
|
|
20,499 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
498 |
|
|
|
5,081 |
|
|
|
20,997 |
|
|
|
26,078 |
|
|
|
2,615 |
|
|
|
19,724 |
|
|
|
1999 |
|
The Village at Alafaya Club
|
|
|
228 |
|
|
|
840 |
|
|
|
3,788 |
|
|
|
21,851 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
531 |
|
|
|
3,788 |
|
|
|
22,382 |
|
|
|
26,170 |
|
|
|
2,793 |
|
|
|
20,474 |
|
|
|
1999 |
|
The Village at Science Drive
|
|
|
192 |
|
|
|
732 |
|
|
|
4,673 |
|
|
|
19,021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
4,673 |
|
|
|
19,146 |
|
|
|
23,819 |
|
|
|
1,636 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 |
|
University Village at Boulder Creek
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
309 |
|
|
|
939 |
|
|
|
14,887 |
|
|
|
96 |
|
|
|
1,506 |
|
|
|
443 |
|
|
|
1,035 |
|
|
|
16,836 |
|
|
|
17,871 |
|
|
|
1,211 |
|
|
|
16,540 |
|
|
|
2002 |
|
University Village at Fresno
|
|
|
105 |
|
|
|
406 |
|
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
6,838 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
483 |
|
|
|
8,232 |
|
|
|
929 |
|
|
|
15,553 |
|
|
|
16,482 |
|
|
|
197 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 |
|
Univ. Village at San Bernardino(5)
|
|
|
132 |
|
|
|
480 |
|
|
|
1,836 |
|
|
|
7,701 |
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
1,000 |
|
|
|
11,871 |
|
|
|
1,931 |
|
|
|
20,572 |
|
|
|
22,503 |
|
|
|
153 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 |
|
University Village at TU
|
|
|
220 |
|
|
|
749 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,876 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,380 |
|
|
|
29,863 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
41,119 |
|
|
|
41,119 |
|
|
|
474 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 |
|
University Village at Sweet Home(2)
|
|
|
269 |
|
|
|
828 |
|
|
|
2,554 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,087 |
|
|
|
2,554 |
|
|
|
9,087 |
|
|
|
11,641 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
2,454 |
|
|
|
8,434 |
|
|
$ |
35,489 |
|
|
$ |
189,013 |
|
|
$ |
220 |
|
|
$ |
5,369 |
|
|
$ |
65,222 |
|
|
$ |
35,709 |
|
|
$ |
259,604 |
|
|
$ |
295,313 |
|
|
$ |
22,863 |
|
|
$ |
111,974 |
|
|
|
|
|
On-Campus Participating Properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
University Village PVAMU
|
|
|
612 |
|
|
|
1,920 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
36,506 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
1,334 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
37,840 |
|
|
$ |
37,840 |
|
|
$ |
10,639 |
|
|
$ |
30,851 |
|
|
|
1996/97/98 |
|
University Village TAMIU
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
252 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,844 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,909 |
|
|
|
5,909 |
|
|
|
1,682 |
|
|
|
4,719 |
|
|
|
1997 |
|
University College PVAMU
|
|
|
756 |
|
|
|
1,470 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,650 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,013 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23,663 |
|
|
|
23,663 |
|
|
|
3,749 |
|
|
|
24,085 |
|
|
|
2000/2003 |
|
Cullen Oaks Phase I
|
|
|
231 |
|
|
|
525 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,642 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
481 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,123 |
|
|
|
18,123 |
|
|
|
2,236 |
|
|
|
17,045 |
|
|
|
2001 |
|
Cullen Oaks Phase II(3)
|
|
|
180 |
|
|
|
354 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
835 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
835 |
|
|
|
835 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
540 |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
1,863 |
|
|
|
4,521 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
82,642 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,728 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
86,370 |
|
|
|
86,370 |
|
|
|
18,306 |
|
|
|
77,240 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total-all properties
|
|
|
4,317 |
|
|
|
12,955 |
|
|
$ |
35,489 |
|
|
$ |
271,655 |
|
|
$ |
220 |
|
|
$ |
5,369 |
|
|
$ |
68,950 |
|
|
$ |
35,709 |
|
|
$ |
345,974 |
|
|
$ |
381,683 |
|
|
$ |
41,169 |
|
|
$ |
189,214 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
The depreciable lives for buildings and improvements and
furniture, fixtures and equipment range from three to forty
years. |
|
(2) |
University Village at Sweet Home is owned through a joint
venture and commenced construction in August 2004. Costs
capitalized subsequent to acquisition represent construction
costs associated with the development of this property. Year
built represents the scheduled completion date. |
|
(3) |
Cullen Oaks Phase II is a leasehold property that commenced
construction in December 2004. Costs capitalized subsequent to
acquisition represent construction costs associated with the
development of this property. Year built represents the
scheduled completion date. |
|
(4) |
Total aggregate costs for Federal income tax purposes is
$458.4 million. |
|
(5) |
University Village at San Bernardino was sold in January
2005. See note 18. |
F-52
AMERICAN CAMPUS COMMUNITIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AND
AMERICAN CAMPUS PREDECESSOR
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
|
The changes in the Companys and the Predecessors
investments in real estate and related accumulated depreciation
for each of the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and
2002 are as follows: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Off-campus(1) | |
|
On-campus(2) | |
|
Off-campus(1) | |
|
On-campus(2) | |
|
Off-campus(1) | |
|
On-campus(2) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Investments in Real Estate:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, beginning of year
|
|
$ |
240,504 |
|
|
$ |
92,463 |
|
|
$ |
222,162 |
|
|
$ |
80,699 |
|
|
$ |
200,886 |
|
|
$ |
80,304 |
|
|
Basis step-up
|
|
|
5,589 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition of land for development
|
|
|
2,532 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Improvements and development expenditures
|
|
|
61,286 |
|
|
|
1,883 |
|
|
|
19,267 |
|
|
|
11,764 |
|
|
|
21,276 |
|
|
|
437 |
|
|
Disposition of properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(7,976 |
) |
|
|
(925 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(42 |
) |
|
Distribution of non-core assets to Predecessor owners
|
|
|
(14,598 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, end of year
|
|
$ |
295,313 |
|
|
$ |
86,370 |
|
|
$ |
240,504 |
|
|
$ |
92,463 |
|
|
$ |
222,162 |
|
|
$ |
80,699 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated Depreciation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, beginning of year
|
|
$ |
(17,597 |
) |
|
$ |
(14,774 |
) |
|
$ |
(11,930 |
) |
|
$ |
(11,503 |
) |
|
$ |
(6,849 |
) |
|
$ |
(8,351 |
) |
|
Depreciation for the year
|
|
|
(6,520 |
) |
|
|
(3,532 |
) |
|
|
(5,667 |
) |
|
|
(3,271 |
) |
|
|
(5,081 |
) |
|
|
(3,152 |
) |
|
Distribution of non-core assets to Predecessor owners
|
|
|
1,254 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, end of year
|
|
$ |
(22,863 |
) |
|
$ |
(18,306 |
) |
|
$ |
(17,597 |
) |
|
$ |
(14,774 |
) |
|
$ |
(11,930 |
) |
|
$ |
(11,503 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Owned off-campus properties |
|
(2) |
On-campus participating properties |
F-53
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Stockholders of
American Campus Communities, Inc.
We have audited the combined statement of revenues and certain
expenses of Proctor Portfolio of Properties, located in
Tallahassee, Florida and Gainesville, Florida, for the year
ended December 31, 2004. The financial statement is the
responsibility of the management of the Proctor Portfolio of
Properties. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on this
financial statement based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statement is
free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an
audit of the Companys internal control over financial
reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control
over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit
procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not
for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of
the Companys internal control over financial reporting.
Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statement, assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management,
and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We
believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
The accompanying combined statement of revenues and certain
expenses was prepared for the purpose of complying with
Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and
Exchange Commission for inclusion in Form 8-K/ A of
American Campus Communities, Inc. and is not intended to be a
complete presentation of the Properties revenues and
expenses.
In our opinion, the financial statement referred to above
presents fairly, in all material respects, the combined revenues
and certain expenses of the Proctor Portfolio of Properties as
described in Note 1 for the year ended December 31,
2004, in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States.
Austin, TX
March 15, 2005
F-54
PROCTOR PORTFOLIO PROPERTIES
COMBINED STATEMENT OF REVENUES AND CERTAIN EXPENSES
For the year ended December 31, 2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rents
|
|
$ |
6,725,502 |
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
1,768,308 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
8,493,810 |
|
|
Certain expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate taxes
|
|
|
586,472 |
|
|
Property operating expenses
|
|
|
2,991,602 |
|
|
Management fees
|
|
|
281,227 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total certain expenses
|
|
|
3,859,301 |
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues in excess of certain expenses
|
|
$ |
4,634,509 |
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to financial statement
F-55
PROCTOR PORTFOLIO PROPERTIES
NOTES TO COMBINED STATEMENT OF REVENUES AND CERTAIN
EXPENSES
For the Year Ended December 31, 2004
1. Basis of Presentation
Presented herein is the combined statement of revenues and
certain expenses related to the operations of five student
housing properties owned during 2004 by certain limited
liability companies managed by Thomas C. Proctor Sr. The
Properties consist of four student housing properties located in
Tallahassee, Florida and one property located in Gainesville,
Florida (collectively, the Proctor Portfolio of
Properties or the Properties). The Properties
total 53 buildings, 446 units and 1,656 beds. In February 2005,
American Campus Communities, Inc., through subsidiaries of its
operating partnership, American Campus Communities Operating
Partnership LP, acquired the Properties.
The accompanying financial statement has been prepared in
accordance with the applicable rules and regulations of the
Securities and Exchange Commission for the acquisition of real
estate properties. Accordingly, the financial statement excludes
certain expenses because they may not be comparable to those
expected to be incurred in the proposed future operations of the
Properties. Items excluded consist of interest and depreciation
and amortization not applicable to future operations.
2. Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and
accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
3. Rental Revenue Recognition
Students are required to execute lease contracts with payment
schedules that vary from single to monthly payments. Rental
income is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the
terms of the leases.
4. Management Fees
The Properties were managed by a third-party management company,
pursuant to an agreement which provided for management fees of
4.0% of monthly revenues earned, as defined. Management fees of
approximately $281,000 for the year ended December 31, 2004
were incurred.
F-56
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Stockholders
American Campus Communities, Inc.
We have audited the statement of revenues and certain expenses
of the Exchange at Gainesville (the Property),
located in Gainesville, Florida, for the year ended
December 31, 2004. The financial statement is the
responsibility of the Propertys management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on this financial
statement based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statement is
free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an
audit of the Propertys internal control over financial
reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control
over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit
procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not
for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of
the Companys internal control over financial reporting.
Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statement, assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management,
and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We
believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
The accompanying statement of revenues and certain expenses was
prepared for the purpose of complying with Rule 3-14 of
Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission
for inclusion in Form 8-K/ A of American Campus
Communities, Inc. and is not intended to be a complete
presentation of the Properties revenues and expenses.
In our opinion, the financial statement referred to above
presents fairly, in all material respects, the revenues and
certain expenses of the Exchange at Gainesville as described in
Note 1 for the year ended December 31, 2004 in
conformity with United States generally accepted accounting
principles.
Austin, TX
May 20, 2005
F-57
EXCHANGE AT GAINESVILLE
STATEMENTS OF REVENUES AND CERTAIN EXPENSES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the | |
|
|
For the | |
|
Year Ended | |
|
|
Three Months Ended | |
|
December 31, | |
|
|
March 31, 2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
(Unaudited) | |
|
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rents
|
|
$ |
1,510,634 |
|
|
$ |
6,008,089 |
|
Other income
|
|
|
59,266 |
|
|
|
164,148 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
1,569,900 |
|
|
|
6,172,237 |
|
Certain expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate taxes
|
|
|
115,069 |
|
|
|
483,378 |
|
Property operating expenses
|
|
|
538,404 |
|
|
|
2,253,152 |
|
Management fees
|
|
|
47,187 |
|
|
|
185,249 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total certain expenses
|
|
|
700,660 |
|
|
|
2,921,779 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues in excess of certain expenses
|
|
$ |
869,240 |
|
|
$ |
3,250,458 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to financial statements
F-58
EXCHANGE AT GAINESVILLE
NOTES TO STATEMENTS OF REVENUES AND CERTAIN EXPENSES
Presented herein are the statements of revenues and certain
expenses related to the operation of the student housing
property owned during 2004 and 2005 by a certain limited
liability company managed by the Exchange at Gainesville (the
Property). The Property consists of 396 units
and 1,044 beds located in Gainesville, Florida. In March
2005, American Campus Communities, Inc., through subsidiaries of
its operating partnership, American Campus Communities Operating
Partnership LP, acquired the Property.
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in
accordance with the applicable rules and regulations of the
Securities and Exchange Commission for the acquisition of real
estate properties. Accordingly, the financial statements exclude
certain expenses because they may not be comparable to those
expected to be incurred in the proposed future operations of the
Property. Items excluded consist of interest and depreciation
and amortization not applicable to future operations.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and
accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
|
|
3. |
Rental Revenue Recognition |
Students are required to execute lease contracts with payment
schedules that vary from single to monthly payments. Rental
income is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the
terms of the leases.
The Property was managed by a third-party management company,
pursuant to an agreement which provided for management fees of
3% of monthly gross revenues earned, as defined. Management fees
of approximately $185,000 and $47,000 for the year ended
December 31, 2004 and for the quarter ended March 31,
2005, respectively, were incurred.
|
|
5. |
Interim Unaudited Financial Information |
The statement of revenues and certain expenses for the quarter
ended March 31, 2005 are unaudited; however, in the opinion
of management, all adjustments (consisting solely of normal
recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the
statement of revenues and certain expenses for this interim
period have been included. The results of the interim period are
not necessarily indicative of the results to be obtained for a
full fiscal year.
F-59
4,000,000 Shares
Common Stock
PROSPECTUS
June 28, 2005
Joint Book Running Managers
Citigroup
Deutsche Bank Securities
JPMorgan
KeyBanc Capital Markets
Wachovia Securities
RBC Capital Markets