UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
þ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 001-34571
PEBBLEBROOK HOTEL TRUST
Maryland | 27-1055421 | |
(State of Incorporation or Organization) |
(IRS Employer Identification No.) | |
2 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 1530 Bethesda, Maryland |
20814 | |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) |
240-507-1300
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class |
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | |
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest, par value $0.01 per share | New York Stock Exchange | |
7.875% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest, par value $0.01 per share | New York Stock Exchange | |
8.00% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest, par value $0.01 per share | New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. þ Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ¨ Yes þ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. þ Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). þ Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to the Form 10-K. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer | þ | Accelerated filer | ¨ | |||
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨ Yes þ No
The aggregate market value of the 50,615,359 common shares of beneficial interest held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $1,021,924,098 based on the closing sale price on the New York Stock Exchange for such common shares of beneficial interest as of June 30, 2011.
The number of common shares of beneficial interest outstanding as of February 15, 2012 was 50,951,943.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrants Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or before April 30, 2012) are incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K in response to Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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1 | ||||||
PART I | ||||||
1. |
2 | |||||
1A. |
6 | |||||
1B. |
30 | |||||
2. |
30 | |||||
3. |
32 | |||||
4. |
32 | |||||
PART II | ||||||
5. |
33 | |||||
6. |
36 | |||||
7. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
37 | ||||
7A. |
47 | |||||
8. |
48 | |||||
9. |
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |
48 | ||||
9A. |
48 | |||||
9B. |
48 | |||||
PART III | ||||||
10. |
49 | |||||
11. |
49 | |||||
12. |
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters |
49 | ||||
13. |
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Trustee Independence |
49 | ||||
14. |
49 | |||||
PART IV | ||||||
15. |
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This report, together with other statements and information publicly disseminated by the Company, contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and include this statement for purposes of complying with these safe harbor provisions. Forward-looking statements, which are based on certain assumptions and describe our future plans, strategies and expectations, are generally identifiable by use of the words may, will, should, potential, could, seek, assume, forecast, believe, expect, intend, anticipate, estimate, project or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements in this report include, among others, statements about our business strategy, including acquisition and development strategies, industry trends, estimated revenues and expenses, our ability to realize deferred tax assets and expected liquidity needs and sources (including capital expenditures and our ability to obtain financing or raise capital). You should not rely on forward-looking statements since they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are, in some cases, beyond our control and which could materially affect actual results, performance or achievements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, but are not limited to:
| the timing and availability of potential hotel acquisitions and our ability to identify and complete hotel acquisitions in accordance with our business strategy; |
| risks associated with the hotel industry, including competition, increases in employment costs, energy costs and other operating costs, or decreases in demand caused by actual or threatened terrorist attacks, any type of flu or disease-related pandemic, or downturns in general and local economic conditions; |
| the availability and terms of financing and capital and the general volatility of securities markets; |
| our dependence on third-party managers of our hotels, including our inability to implement strategic business decisions directly; |
| risks associated with the real estate industry, including environmental contamination and costs of complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act and similar laws; |
| interest rate increases; |
| our possible failure to qualify as a real estate investment trust (REIT) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), and the risk of changes in laws affecting REITs; |
| the possibility of uninsured losses; |
| risks associated with redevelopment and repositioning projects, including delays and cost overruns; and |
| the other factors discussed under the heading Risk Factors in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. |
Accordingly, there is no assurance that our expectations will be realized. Except as otherwise required by the federal securities laws, we disclaim any obligations or undertaking to publicly release any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement contained herein (or elsewhere) to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.
The Company, we or us mean Pebblebrook Hotel Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust, and one or more of its subsidiaries (including Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P., our operating partnership), or, as the context may require, Pebblebrook Hotel Trust only or Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P. only.
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PART I
Item 1. | Business. |
General
Pebblebrook Hotel Trust is an internally managed hotel investment company, organized in October 2009 to opportunistically acquire and invest in hotel properties located primarily in major U.S. cities, with an emphasis on urban markets in major gateway cities, which we believe present significant barriers-to-entry for new hotel supply and provide diverse sources of meeting and room night demand generators. As of December 31, 2011, the Company owned interests in 20 hotels, including 14 wholly owned hotels with a total of 3,812 guest rooms and a 49% joint venture interest in six hotels with 1,733 guest rooms (the Manhattan Collection joint venture).
Substantially all of our assets are held by, and all of our operations are conducted through, Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P. (our Operating Partnership). We are the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership. At December 31, 2011, we owned 98.2 percent of the common limited partnership interests issued by the Operating Partnership (common units). The remaining 1.8 percent of the common units issued by the Operating Partnership were owned by the other limited partners of the Operating Partnership. We operate as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. For us to qualify as a REIT under the Code, we cannot operate the hotels we own. Therefore, our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries lease our hotel properties to our taxable REIT subsidiary (TRS), Pebblebrook Hotel Lessee, Inc. (PHL), and its subsidiary lessees (collectively, TRS lessees). Our TRS lessees engage third-party eligible independent contractors to manage our hotels. PHL is treated as a TRS for federal income tax purposes and is subject to taxation like other regular C corporations. PHL and its wholly owned subsidiaries are consolidated into our financial statements.
Business Objectives and Strategies
Acquisitions/Investments
We invest in hotel properties located primarily in major U.S. cities, including Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Minneapolis, New York, Philadelphia, Santa Monica, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle, Washington, D.C. and West Hollywood, California, with an emphasis on major gateway metropolitan markets. We believe these markets have significant barriers-to-entry and provide diverse sources of meeting and room night demand generators. In addition, we also target investments in resort properties located near our primary urban target markets, as well as in select destination resort markets such as Hawaii, south Florida and southern California. We focus on both branded and independent full-service hotels in the upper upscale segment of the lodging industry. The full-service hotels on which we focus our investment activity generally have one or more restaurants, lounges, meeting facilities and other amenities, as well as high customer service levels. We believe that our target markets, including the major gateway markets, are characterized by significant barriers-to-entry and that room-night demand and average daily rate (ADR) growth of these types of hotels will likely continue to outperform the national average, as they have in past cyclical recoveries and growth periods.
We utilize extensive research to evaluate any target market and property, including a detailed review of the long-term economic outlook, trends in local demand generators, competitive environment, property systems, physical condition and property financial performance. Specific acquisition criteria may include, but are not limited to, the following:
| premier locations, facilities and other competitive advantages not easily replicated; |
| significant barriers-to-entry in the market, such as scarcity of development sites, regulatory hurdles, high per-room development costs and long lead times for new development; |
| acquisition prices at a significant discount to replacement cost; |
| properties not subject to long-term management contracts with hotel management companies; |
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| potential return on investment initiatives, including redevelopment, rebranding, redesign, expansion and change of management; |
| opportunities to implement value-added operational improvements; and |
| strong demand growth characteristics supported by favorable demographic indicators. |
We believe that as the U.S. economy continues to recover and generate positive gross domestic product (GDP) growth, upper-upscale full-service hotels and resorts and upscale select-service hotels located in major U.S. urban, convention and drive-to and destination resort markets are likely to generate the most favorable returns on investment in the lodging industry. Hotel developers inability to source construction financing over the past several years has created an environment in which minimal new lodging supply is expected to be added through at least 2014. We believe that as transient and group travel increases, existing supply will accommodate incremental room-night demand, allowing hotel owners to grow occupancy and increase rates, thereby improving profitability. We believe that portfolio diversification will allow us to capitalize from growth in various customer segments, including business transient, leisure transient and group and convention room-night demand.
We generally seek to enter into flexible management contracts, when possible, with third-party hotel management companies for the operation of our hotels that provide us with the ability to replace operators and/or reposition properties, to the extent that we determine to do so and align our operators with our objective of maximizing return on investment. In addition, we believe that flexible management contracts facilitate the sale of hotels, and we may seek to sell hotels opportunistically if we believe sales proceeds may be invested in other hotel properties that offer more attractive risk-adjusted returns.
We currently do not intend to engage in significant development or redevelopment of hotel properties. However, we do expect to engage in partial redevelopment, renovation and repositioning of certain properties, as we seek to maximize the financial performance of our hotels. In addition, we may acquire properties that require significant capital improvement, renovation or refurbishment. Over the long-term, we may acquire hotel and resort properties that we believe would benefit from significant redevelopment or expansion, including, for example, adding rooms, meeting facilities or other amenities.
We may consider acquiring outstanding debt secured by a hotel or resort property from lenders and investors if we believe we can foreclose on or acquire ownership of the property in the near-term. In connection with our acquisitions, we do not intend to originate any debt financing or purchase any debt where we do not expect to gain ownership of the underlying property. Additionally, we have invested, and may in the future, co-invest in hotels with third parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other entities, acquiring non-controlling interests in or sharing responsibility for a property, partnership, joint venture or other entity.
Asset Management
Although we do not manage the daily operations of our hotels, we are actively involved in the asset management of each of our hotels. We believe we can add significant value to our portfolio through our intensive asset management strategies. Our executive and asset management team have significant experience in hotel operations and creating and implementing innovative asset management initiatives. Our asset management strategies consist of capital investment coupled with revenue and expense management.
We have developed strategic short and long-term capital investment plans to enhance our hotels profitability. Our capital investments consist of the strategic use of, among others, expansions, additions, renovations, technology upgrades and modifications, and energy efficiency improvements. We are also focused on revenue and expense management at our properties. We work closely with our hotel operators to evaluate optimal market mix and pricing strategies, ensure quality staffing and appropriate management focus, implement best practices to minimize expenses, and aggressively monitor and evaluate the hotels operations and performance.
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Financing Strategies
Over time, we intend to finance our long-term growth with issuances of common and preferred equity and debt financing having staggered maturities. Our debt includes mortgage debt secured by our hotel properties or leasehold interests under the ground leases on our hotel properties and may include unsecured debt in the future.
We anticipate using our senior unsecured revolving credit facility, common and preferred equity issuances, and mortgage debt financings to fund future acquisitions as well as for property redevelopments, return on investment initiatives and working capital requirements. Subject to market conditions, we intend to repay amounts outstanding under the senior unsecured revolving credit facility from time to time with proceeds from periodic common and preferred equity issuances, long-term debt financings and cash flows from operations.
When purchasing hotel properties, we may issue limited partnership interests in our Operating Partnership as full or partial consideration to sellers who may desire to take advantage of tax deferral on the sale of a hotel or participate in the potential appreciation in value of our common shares. To date, we have not issued any limited partnership interests in our Operating Partnership to purchase hotel properties.
Competition
We compete for hotel investment opportunities with institutional investors, private equity investors, other REITs and numerous local, regional and national owners, including franchisors, in each of our target markets. Some of these entities have substantially greater financial resources than we do and may be able and willing to accept more risk than we can prudently manage. Competition generally may increase the bargaining power of property owners seeking to sell and reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to us or purchased by us.
The hotel industry is highly competitive. Our hotels compete with other hotels for guests in our markets. Competitive factors include, among others, location, convenience, brand affiliation, room rates, range of services, facilities and guest amenities or accommodations offered and quality of guest service. Competition in the markets in which our hotels operate includes competition from existing, newly renovated and newly developed hotels in the relevant segments. Competition can adversely affect the occupancy, ADR and room revenue per available room (RevPAR) of our hotels, and thus our financial results, and may require us to provide additional amenities, incur additional costs or make capital improvements that we otherwise might not choose to make, which may adversely affect our profitability.
Seasonality
Demand in the lodging industry is affected by recurring seasonal patterns which are greatly influenced by overall economic cycles, the geographic locations of the hotels and the customer mix at the hotels. Generally, our hotels will have lower revenue, operating income and cash flow in the first quarter and higher revenue, operating income and cash flow in the third quarter.
Regulations
Our hotel properties are subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws. Under these laws, courts and government agencies have the authority to require us, as owner of a contaminated property, to clean up the property, even if we did not know of or were not responsible for the contamination. These laws also apply to persons who owned a property at the time it became contaminated, and therefore it is possible we could incur these costs even after we sell a property. In addition to the costs of cleanup, environmental contamination can affect the value of a property and, therefore, an owners ability to borrow using the property as collateral or to sell the property. Under the environmental laws, courts and government agencies also have the authority to require that a person who sent waste to a waste disposal facility, such as a landfill or an incinerator, pay for the clean-up of that facility if it becomes contaminated and threatens human health or the environment.
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Furthermore, various court decisions have established that third parties may recover damages for injury caused by property contamination. For instance, a person exposed to asbestos while staying in a hotel may seek to recover damages if he or she suffers injury from the asbestos. Lastly, some of these environmental laws restrict the use of a property or place conditions on various activities. An example would be laws that require a business using chemicals (such as swimming pool chemicals at a hotel property) to manage them carefully and to notify local officials that the chemicals are being used.
We could be responsible for any of the costs discussed above. The costs to clean up a contaminated property, to defend against a claim, or to comply with environmental laws could be material and could adversely affect the funds available for distribution to our shareholders. Prior to closing a property acquisition, we obtain Phase I environmental site assessments, or ESAs, in order to attempt to identify potential environmental concerns at the properties. These assessments are carried out in accordance with an appropriate level of due diligence and generally include a physical site inspection, a review of relevant federal, state and local environmental and health agency database records, one or more interviews with appropriate site-related personnel, review of the propertys chain of title and review of historic aerial photographs and other information on past uses of the property. We may also conduct limited subsurface investigations and test for substances of concern where the results of the Phase I environmental assessments or other information indicates possible contamination or where our consultants recommend such procedures. However, these ESAs or other investigations may not reveal all environmental costs that might have a material adverse effect on our business, assets, results of operations or liquidity and may not identify all potential environmental liabilities.
We believe that our hotels are in compliance, in all material respects, with all federal, state and local environmental ordinances and regulations regarding hazardous or toxic substances and other environmental matters, the violation of which could have a material adverse effect on us. We have not received written notice from any governmental authority of any material noncompliance, liability or claim relating to hazardous or toxic substances or other environmental matters in connection with any of our present properties.
Our properties must comply with Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act, or ADA, to the extent that such properties are public accommodations as defined by the ADA. The ADA may require removal of structural barriers to access by persons with disabilities in certain public areas of our properties where such removal is readily achievable. We believe that our properties are in substantial compliance with the ADA and that we will not be required to make substantial capital expenditures to address the requirements of the ADA. However, noncompliance with the ADA could result in imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants. The obligation to make readily achievable accommodations is an ongoing one, and we will continue to assess our properties and to make alterations as appropriate in this respect.
Tax Status
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code. As a result, we generally are not subject to corporate federal income tax on that portion of our REIT taxable income that we distribute to our shareholders. A REIT is subject to numerous organizational and operational requirements, including requirements concerning the nature of our gross income and assets and specifying generally that we must distribute at least 90 percent of REIT taxable income each year. We will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates if we fail to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes in any taxable year, or to the extent we distribute less than 100 percent of REIT taxable income. We will also not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for four years following the year during which qualification is lost. Even if we continue to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we will be subject to certain state and local income, franchise and property taxes.
For us to qualify as a REIT under the Code, we cannot operate the hotels we acquire. Therefore, our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries lease our hotel properties to our TRS lessees who in turn engage third-party eligible independent contractors to manage our hotels. The properties owned by the Manhattan Collection
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joint venture are leased to a lessee joint venture in which a wholly owned subsidiary of PHL owns a 49% interest. PHL is treated as a TRS for federal income tax purposes. The earnings of PHL are subject to taxation like other regular C corporations.
Employees
We currently employ 20 full-time employees. None of our employees is a member of a union; however, some employees of the hotel managers at several of our hotels are currently represented by labor unions and are subject to collective bargaining agreements.
Available Information
Our Internet website is located at www.pebblebrookhotels.com. Copies of the charters of the committees of our board of trustees, our code of business conduct and ethics and our corporate governance guidelines are available on our website. All reports that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, including this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our current reports on Form 8-K, can be obtained free of charge from the SECs website at www.sec.gov or through our website. In addition, all reports filed with the SEC may be read and copied at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549-1090. Further information regarding the operation of the public reference room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
Item 1A. | Risk Factors. |
Our business is subject to numerous risks. Our results of operations depend upon many factors, including our ability to implement our business strategy, the availability of opportunities to acquire assets, the level and volatility of interest rates, the cost and availability of short- and long-term credit, financial market conditions and general economic conditions.
The following discussion concerns some of the risks associated with our business. These risks are interrelated and you should treat them as a whole. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us may also materially and adversely affect the value of our common shares and our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. In connection with the forward-looking statements that appear in this Annual Report on Form 10-K in these risk factors and elsewhere, you should carefully review the section entitled Cautionary Statement About Forward-Looking Statements.
Risks Related to Our Business and Properties
We depend on the efforts and expertise of our key executive officers and would be adversely affected by the loss of their services.
We depend on the efforts and expertise of our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, as well as our other executive officers, to execute our business strategy. The loss of their services, and our inability to find suitable replacements, would have an adverse effect on our business.
Our returns could be negatively impacted if the third-party management companies that operate our hotels do not manage our hotel properties effectively.
Because federal income tax laws restrict REITs and their subsidiaries from operating or managing a hotel, we do not operate or manage any of our hotel properties. Instead, we lease all of our hotel properties to subsidiaries that qualify as TRSs, under applicable REIT laws, and our TRS lessees retain third-party managers to operate our hotels pursuant to management contracts. Our cash flow from the hotels may be adversely affected if our managers fail to provide quality services and amenities or if they or their affiliates fail to maintain a quality
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brand name. In addition, our managers or their affiliates may manage, and in some cases may own, invest in or provide credit support or operating guarantees, to hotels that compete with hotel properties that we own or acquire, which may result in conflicts of interest and decisions regarding the operation of our hotels that are not in our best interests.
We do not have the authority to require any hotel property to be operated in a particular manner or to govern any particular aspect of the daily operations of any hotel property (for example, setting room rates). Thus, even if we believe our hotels are being operated inefficiently or in a manner that does not result in satisfactory occupancy rates, RevPAR and ADR, we may not be able to force the management company to change its method of operating our hotels. We generally will attempt to resolve issues with our managers through discussions and negotiations. However, if we are unable to reach satisfactory results through discussions and negotiations, we may choose to litigate the dispute or submit the matter to third-party dispute resolution. We can only seek redress if a management company violates the terms of the applicable management contract with a TRS lessee, and then only to the extent of the remedies provided for under the terms of the management contract. Additionally, in the event that we need to replace any management company, we may be required by the terms of the management contract to pay substantial termination fees and may experience significant disruptions at the affected hotels.
Our TRS lessee structure subjects us to the risk of increased hotel operating expenses.
Our leases with our TRS lessees require our TRS lessees to pay rent based in part on revenues from our hotels. Our operating risks include decreases in hotel revenues and increases in hotel operating expenses, which would adversely affect our TRS lessees ability to pay rent due under the leases, including but not limited to increases in: wage and benefit costs; repair and maintenance expenses; property taxes; insurance costs; and other operating expenses. Increases in these operating expenses can have a significant adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Our ability to make distributions to our shareholders is subject to fluctuations in our financial performance, operating results and capital improvements requirements.
To qualify for taxation as a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90 percent of our REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gains) each year to our shareholders and we generally expect to make distributions in excess of such amount. In the event of downturns in our operating results, unanticipated capital improvements to our hotel properties or other factors, we may be unable to declare or pay distributions to our shareholders. The timing and amount of distributions are in the sole discretion of our board of trustees which will consider, among other factors, our financial performance, any debt service obligations, any debt covenants, and capital expenditure requirements. We cannot assure you that we will generate sufficient cash in order to fund distributions.
We invest in the upper-upscale segment of the lodging market, which is highly competitive and generally subject to greater volatility than most other market segments and could negatively affect our profitability.
The upper-upscale segment of the hotel business is highly competitive. Our hotel properties compete on the basis of location, room rates, quality, service levels, reputation and reservations systems, among many factors. There are many competitors in the upper-upscale segment, and many of these competitors may have substantially greater marketing and financial resources than we have. This competition could reduce occupancy levels and RevPAR at our hotels. Over-building in the lodging industry may increase the number of rooms available and may decrease occupancy and ADR. In addition, in periods of weak demand, as may occur during a general economic recession, profitability is adversely affected by the relatively high fixed costs of operating upper-upscale hotels.
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Restrictive covenants in our management contracts could preclude us from taking actions with respect to the sale or refinancing of a hotel property that would otherwise be in our best interest.
We may enter into management contracts that contain some restrictive covenants or acquire properties subject to existing management contracts that do not allow the flexibility we seek, including management contracts that restrict our ability to terminate the contract or require us to pay significant termination fees. For example, the terms of some management contracts may restrict our ability to sell a property unless the purchaser is not a competitor of the manager and assumes the related management contract and meets specified other conditions which may preclude us from taking actions that would otherwise be in our best interest or could cause us to incur substantial expense.
Due to our concentration in hotel investments, a downturn in the lodging industry would adversely affect our operations and financial condition.
Our primary business is hotel-related. Therefore, a downturn in the lodging industry, in general, and the segments and markets in which we operate, in particular, would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Our joint venture investments and other joint venture investments that we may make could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on our co-venturers financial condition and disputes between us and our co-venturers.
In July 2011, we acquired an interest in a joint venture that owns six hotels in Manhattan. We share major decisions with our joint venture partner with respect to the joint venture and its hotels. The debt of the joint venture, while non-recourse to us, is secured by first mortgages on the hotels owned by the joint venture and any default on such debt could adversely affect our equity investment in the joint venture. All of the first mortgage and mezzanine debt of the joint venture, which aggregated approximately $581.0 million as of December 31, 2011, matures in February 2013, and there can be no assurance that the joint venture will be able to refinance the debt on attractive terms, or at all. In addition, in order to maintain our ownership interest, we may need to invest additional equity into the joint venture in connection with any such refinancing which would reduce the amount we have available to invest in additional acquisitions or capital improvements to our existing hotels.
We may co-invest in hotels in the future with third parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other entities, acquiring non-controlling interests in or sharing responsibility for a property, partnership, joint venture or other entity. In this event, we would not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the property, partnership, joint venture or other entity. Investments through partnerships, joint ventures, or other entities may, under certain circumstances, involve risks not present were a third party not involved, including the possibility that partners or co-venturers might become bankrupt, fail to fund their share of required capital contributions, make dubious business decisions or block or delay necessary decisions. Partners or co-venturers may have economic or other business interests or goals which are inconsistent with our business interests or goals, and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives. Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale, because neither we nor the partner or co-venturer would have full control over the partnership or joint venture. Disputes between us and partners or co-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and/or trustees from focusing their time and effort on our business. Consequently, action by, or disputes with, partners or co-venturers might result in subjecting properties owned by the partnership or joint venture to additional risk. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our third-party partners or co-venturers.
Unanticipated expenses and insufficient demand for hotels in new geographic markets could adversely affect our profitability and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
As part of our business strategy, we have acquired and may in the future acquire or develop hotel properties in geographic areas in which our management may have little or no operating experience and in which potential
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customers may not be familiar with the brand of that particular hotel. As a result, we may have to incur costs relating to the opening, operation and promotion of such hotel properties that are substantially greater than those incurred in other areas. These hotels may attract fewer customers than other hotel properties we may acquire, while at the same time, we may incur substantial additional costs with such hotel properties. Unanticipated expenses and insufficient demand at a new hotel property, therefore, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our hotels operated under franchise agreements are subject to risks arising from adverse developments with respect to the franchise brand and to costs associated with maintaining the franchise license.
Certain of our hotel properties operate under franchise agreements and we anticipate that some of the hotels we acquire in the future will operate under franchise agreements. We are therefore subject to the risks associated with concentrating hotel investments in several franchise brands, include reductions in business following negative publicity related to one of the brands or the general decline of a brand.
The maintenance of the franchise licenses for branded hotel properties is subject to the franchisors operating standards and other terms and conditions. Franchisors periodically inspect hotel properties to ensure that we and our lessees and management companies follow their standards. Failure by us, one of our TRS lessees or one of our third-party management companies to maintain these standards or other terms and conditions could result in a franchise license being cancelled. If a franchise license is cancelled due to our failure to make required improvements or to otherwise comply with its terms, we also may be liable to the franchisor for a termination payment, which varies by franchisor and by hotel property. As a condition of maintaining a franchise license, a franchisor could require us to make capital expenditures, even if we do not believe the capital improvements are necessary or desirable or will result in an acceptable return on our investment. We may risk losing a franchise license if we do not make franchisor-required capital expenditures.
If a franchisor terminates the franchise license or the license expires, we may try either to obtain a suitable replacement franchise or to operate the hotel without a franchise license. The loss of a franchise license could materially and adversely affect the operations and the underlying value of the hotel property because of the loss of associated name recognition, marketing support and centralized reservation system provided by the franchisor and adversely affect our revenues. This loss of revenue could in turn adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Debt service obligations could adversely affect our overall operating results, may require us to sell hotel properties, may jeopardize our qualification as a REIT and could adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our shareholders and the market price of our common shares.
Our business strategy contemplates the use of both secured and unsecured debt to finance long-term growth. Incurring debt could subject us to many risks, including the risks that our cash flow from operations will be insufficient to make required payments of principal and interest, our debt may increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions, we may be required to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing cash available for distribution to our shareholders, funds available for operations and capital expenditures, future business opportunities or other purposes, the terms of any refinancing will not be as favorable as the terms of the debt being refinanced and the use of leverage could adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our shareholders and the market price of our common shares.
If we do not have sufficient funds to repay our debt at maturity, it may be necessary to refinance the debt through additional debt or additional equity financings. If, at the time of any refinancing, prevailing interest rates or other factors result in higher interest rates on refinancings, increases in interest expense could adversely affect our cash flow, and, consequently, cash available for distribution to our shareholders. If we are unable to refinance our debt on acceptable terms, we may be forced to dispose of hotel properties on disadvantageous terms,
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potentially resulting in losses. We have placed and will continue to place mortgages on certain of our hotel properties to secure debt. To the extent we cannot meet any of our debt service obligations, we will risk losing to foreclosure some or all of our pledged hotel properties. Also, covenants applicable to debt could impair our planned investment strategy and, if violated, result in a default. If we violate covenants relating to indebtedness, we could be required to repay all or a portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be unable to arrange financing for such repayment on attractive terms, if at all. In addition, future indebtedness agreements may require that we meet certain covenant tests in order to make distributions to our shareholders.
Higher interest rates could increase debt service requirements on any of our floating rate debt, including our senior unsecured revolving credit facility, and could reduce the amounts available for distribution to our shareholders, as well as reduce funds available for our operations, future business opportunities, or other purposes. We may obtain one or more forms of interest rate protectionin the form of swap agreements, interest rate cap contracts or similar agreements that are consistent with our intention to remain qualified as a REITto hedge against the possible negative effects of interest rate fluctuations. However, such hedging incurs costs and we cannot assure you that any hedging will adequately relieve the adverse effects of interest rate increases or that counterparties under these agreement will honor their obligations thereunder. Adverse economic conditions could also cause the terms on which we borrow to be unfavorable. We could be required to liquidate one or more of our hotel properties in order to meet our debt service obligations at times, which may not permit us to receive an attractive return on our investments.
Our senior executive officers have broad discretion to make investments, and they may make investments where the returns are substantially below expectations or which result in net operating losses.
Our senior executive officers have broad discretion, within the general investment criteria established by our board of trustees, to invest our capital and to determine the timing of such investments. In addition, our investment policies may be revised from time to time at the discretion of our board of trustees, without a vote of our shareholders. Such discretion could result in investments that may not yield returns consistent with expectations.
The purchase of properties we put under contract may not be consummated.
From time to time, we enter into purchase and sale agreements for hotel properties. These transactions, whether or not consummated, require substantial time and attention from management. Furthermore, potential acquisitions require significant expense, including expenses for due diligence, legal fees and related overhead. To the extent we do not consummate one or more of the transactions and fail to acquire any or all of these hotels, these expenses will not be offset by revenues from these properties.
We may use a portion of the net proceeds from our public offerings to make distributions to our shareholders, which would, among other things, reduce our cash available to invest in hotel properties and may reduce the returns on your investment in our common shares.
Prior to the time we have fully invested the net proceeds of our public offerings, we may fund distributions to our shareholders out of the net proceeds of these offerings, which would reduce the amount of cash we have available to invest in hotel properties and may reduce the returns on your investment in our common shares. The use of these net proceeds for distributions to shareholders could adversely affect our financial results. In addition, funding distributions from the net proceeds of these offerings may constitute a return of capital to our shareholders, which would have the effect of reducing each shareholders tax basis in our common shares.
If we cannot obtain financing, our growth will be limited.
To qualify for taxation as a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90 percent of our REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gains) each year to our shareholders and we generally expect to make distributions in excess of such amount. As a result, our ability to
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retain earnings to fund acquisitions, redevelopment and development or other capital expenditures is and will be limited. Although our business strategy contemplates future access to debt financing (in addition to our senior unsecured revolving credit facility) to fund acquisitions, redevelopment, development, return on investment initiatives and working capital requirements, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain such financing on favorable terms or at all. Past events in the financial markets have adversely impacted the credit markets and, as a result, recently credit has become significantly more expensive and difficult to obtain, if available at all. Some lenders are imposing more stringent credit terms, there has been and may continue to be a general reduction in the amount of credit available and many banks are either unable or unwilling to provide new asset-based lending. Tightening credit markets may have an adverse effect on our ability to obtain financing on favorable terms, if at all, thereby increasing financing costs and/or requiring us to accept financing with increased restrictions. If adverse conditions in the credit marketsin particular with respect to real estate or lodging industry financematerially deteriorate, our business could be materially and adversely affected. Our long-term ability to grow through investments in hotel properties will be limited if we cannot obtain additional financing. Market conditions may make it difficult to obtain financing, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing or that we will be able to obtain it on favorable terms.
Our cash and cash equivalents are maintained in a limited number of financial institutions and the funds in those institutions may not be fully or federally insured.
We maintain cash balances in a limited number of financial institutions. Our cash balances are generally in excess of federally insured limits. The failure or collapse of one or more of these financial institutions may materially adversely affect our ability to recover our cash balances.
Our conflicts of interest policy may not adequately address all of the conflicts of interest that may arise with respect to our activities.
In order to avoid any actual or perceived conflicts of interest with our trustees, officers or employees, we have adopted a conflicts of interest policy to specifically address some of the conflicts relating to our activities. Although under this policy any transaction, agreement or relationship in which any of our trustees, officers or employees has an interest must have the approval of a majority of our disinterested trustees, there is no assurance that this policy will be adequate to address all of the conflicts that may arise or will address such conflicts in a manner that is favorable to us.
Risks Related to Debt and Financing
Our existing indebtedness contains financial covenants that could limit our operations and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Our existing senior unsecured revolving credit facility contains financial and operating covenants, such as net worth requirements, fixed charge coverage, debt ratios and other limitations that restrict our ability to make distributions or other payments to our stockholders, sell all or substantially all of our assets and engage in mergers, consolidations and certain acquisitions without the consent of the lenders. In addition, our existing property-level debt contains restrictions (including cash management provisions) that may under circumstances specified in the loan agreements prohibit our subsidiaries that own our hotels from making distributions or paying dividends, repaying loans to us or other subsidiaries or transferring any of their assets to us or another subsidiary. Failure to meet our financial covenants could result from, among other things, changes in our results of operations, the incurrence of additional debt or changes in general economic conditions. This could cause one or more of our lenders to accelerate the timing of payments and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders. The terms of our debt may restrict our ability to engage in transactions that we believe would otherwise be in the best interests of our shareholders.
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Many of our existing mortgage debt agreements contain cash trap provisions that could limit our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Certain of our loan agreements contain cash trap provisions that may be triggered if the performance of the hotels securing the loans declines below a threshold. When these provisions are triggered, substantially all of the profit generated by the hotel is deposited directly into a lockbox account and then swept into a cash management account for the benefit of the lender. Cash is distributed to us only after certain items are paid, including deposits into leasing and maintenance reserves and the payment of debt service, insurance, taxes, operating expenses and extraordinary capital expenditures and leasing expenses. This could adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
There is refinancing risk associated with our debt.
Our typical debt contains limited principal amortization; therefore the vast majority of the principal must be repaid at the maturity of the loan in a so-called balloon payment. At the maturity of these loans, assuming we do not have sufficient funds to repay the debt, we will need to refinance this debt. If the credit environment is constrained at the time of our debt maturities, we would have a very difficult time refinancing debt. If we are unable to refinance our debt on acceptable terms, we may be forced to choose from a number of unfavorable options. These options include agreeing to otherwise unfavorable financing terms on one or more of our unencumbered assets, selling one or more hotels at disadvantageous terms, including unattractive prices, or defaulting on the mortgage and permitting the lender to foreclose. Any one of these options could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
If we default on our secured debt in the future, the lenders may foreclose on our hotels.
All of our indebtedness for borrowed money, except our senior unsecured revolving credit facility, is secured by either single property first mortgage liens or leasehold interests under the ground leases on the applicable hotel. If we default on any of the secured loans, the applicable lender will be able to foreclose on the property pledged to secure the loan.
In addition to losing the property, a foreclosure may result in recognition of taxable income. Under the Code, a foreclosure would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure even though we did not receive any cash proceeds. As a result, we may be required to identify and utilize other sources of cash for distributions to our shareholders. If this occurs, our financial condition, cash flow and ability to satisfy our other debt obligations or ability to pay distributions may be adversely affected.
Acquiring outstanding debt secured by a hotel or resort property may expose us to risks of costs and delays in acquiring the underlying property.
We may acquire outstanding debt secured by a hotel or resort property from lenders and investors if we believe we can ultimately foreclose or otherwise acquire ownership of the underlying property in the near-term through foreclosure, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure or other means. However, if we do acquire such debt, borrowers may seek to assert various defenses to our foreclosure or other actions and we may not be successful in acquiring the underlying property on a timely basis, or at all, in which event we could incur significant costs and experience significant delays in acquiring such properties, all of which could adversely affect our financial performance and reduce our expected returns from such investments. In addition, we may not earn a current return on such investments particularly if the loan that we acquire is in default.
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Risks Related to the Lodging Industry
Current economic conditions may reduce demand for hotel properties and adversely affect hotel profitability.
The performance of the lodging industry has historically been closely linked to the performance of the general economy and, specifically, growth in U.S. GDP. It is also sensitive to business and personal discretionary spending levels. Declines in corporate travel budgets and consumer demand due to adverse general economic conditions, such as declines in U.S. GDP, risks affecting or reducing travel patterns, lower consumer confidence or adverse political conditions can lower the revenues and profitability of hotel properties and therefore the net operating profits of our TRS lessees to whom we lease our hotel properties. The recent global economic downturn led to a significant decline in demand for products and services provided by the lodging industry, lower occupancy levels and significantly reduced room rates.
We anticipate that recovery of demand for products and services provided by the lodging industry will lag improvement in economic conditions. We cannot predict how slow the global economic recovery will be or how slow the recovery in the lodging industry will be. A new period of economic weakness would likely have an adverse impact on our revenues and negatively affect our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Our operating results and ability to make distributions to our shareholders may be adversely affected by various operating risks common to the lodging industry.
Our hotel properties have different economic characteristics than many other real estate assets and a hotel REIT is structured differently than many other types of REITs. A typical office property owner, for example, has long-term leases with third-party tenants, which provide a relatively stable long-term stream of revenue. Our TRS lessees, on the other hand, do not enter into a lease with a hotel manager. Instead, our TRS lessees engage the hotel manager pursuant to a management contract and pay the manager a fee for managing the hotel. The TRS lessees receive all the operating profit or losses at the hotel. Moreover, virtually all hotel guests stay at a hotel for only a few nights at a time, so the rate and occupancy at each of our hotels changes every day. As a result, we may have highly volatile earnings.
In addition, our hotel properties are subject to various operating risks common to the lodging industry, many of which are beyond our control, including the following:
| competition from other hotel properties in our markets; |
| over-building of hotels in our markets, which could adversely affect occupancy and revenues at our hotel properties; |
| dependence on business and commercial travelers and tourism; |
| increases in energy costs and other expenses affecting travel, which may affect travel patterns and reduce the number of business and commercial travelers and tourists; |
| increases in operating costs due to inflation and other factors that may not be offset by increased room rates; |
| changes in interest rates and in the availability, cost and terms of debt financing; |
| changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning ordinances and the related costs of compliance with laws and regulations, fiscal policies and ordinances; |
| adverse effects of international, national, regional and local economic and market conditions; |
| unforeseen events beyond our control, such as terrorist attacks, travel related health concerns including pandemics and epidemics such as H1N1 influenza (swine flu), avian bird flu and SARS, political instability, regional hostilities, imposition of taxes or surcharges by regulatory authorities, travel |
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related accidents and unusual weather patterns, including natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis or earthquakes; |
| adverse effects of a downturn in the lodging industry; and |
| risks generally associated with the ownership of hotel properties and real estate, as we discuss in more detail below. |
These factors could reduce the revenues and net operating profits of our TRS lessees, which in turn could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares, and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Competition for acquisitions may reduce the number of properties we can acquire.
We compete for investment opportunities with entities that may have substantially greater financial and other resources than we have. These entities generally may be able to accept more risk than we can prudently manage. This competition may generally limit the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to us or the number of properties that we are able to acquire. This competition may also increase the bargaining power of property owners seeking to sell to us, making it more difficult for us to acquire new properties on attractive terms.
The seasonality of the lodging industry may cause fluctuations in our quarterly revenues that cause us to borrow money to fund distributions to our shareholders.
The lodging industry is seasonal in nature. This seasonality can be expected to cause quarterly fluctuations in our revenues. Our quarterly earnings may be adversely affected by factors outside our control, including weather conditions and poor economic factors. As a result, we may have to enter into short-term borrowings in certain quarters in order to offset these fluctuations in revenues and to make distributions to our shareholders.
The cyclical nature of the lodging industry may cause the returns from our investments to be less than we expect.
The lodging industry is highly cyclical in nature. Fluctuations in lodging demand and, therefore, hotel operating performance, are caused largely by general economic and local market conditions, which subsequently affect levels of business and leisure travel. In addition to general economic conditions, new hotel room supply is an important factor that can affect lodging industry fundamentals, and overbuilding has the potential to further exacerbate the negative impact of poor economic conditions. Room rates and occupancy, and thus RevPAR, tend to increase when demand growth exceeds supply growth. A decline in lodging demand, or a continued growth in lodging supply, could result in continued deterioration in lodging industry fundamentals and returns that are substantially below expectations, or result in losses, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Capital expenditure requirements at our properties may be costly and require us to incur debt, postpone improvements, reduce distributions or otherwise adversely affect the results of our operations and the market price of our common shares.
Some of the hotel properties we acquire need renovations and capital improvements at the time of acquisition and all the hotel properties we have acquired and will acquire in the future will have an ongoing need for renovations and other capital improvements, including replacement, from time to time, of furniture, fixtures and equipment. The franchisors of these hotel properties also require periodic capital improvements as a condition to our maintaining the franchise licenses. In addition, our lenders often require that we set aside annual amounts for capital improvements to our hotel properties. These capital improvements may give rise to the following risks:
| possible environmental problems; |
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| construction cost overruns and delays; |
| the possibility that revenues will be reduced while rooms or restaurants are out of service due to capital improvement projects; |
| a possible shortage of available cash to fund capital improvements and the related possibility that financing for these capital improvements may not be available to us on attractive terms; and |
| uncertainties as to market demand or a loss of market demand after capital improvements have begun. |
The costs of renovations and capital improvements could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Hotel and resort development and redevelopment is subject to timing, budgeting and other risks that may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Though not currently intended to be a primary focus of our initial investment strategy, we may engage in hotel development and redevelopment if suitable opportunities arise. Hotel development and redevelopment involves a number of risks, including risks associated with:
| construction delays or cost overruns that may increase project costs; |
| the receipt of zoning, occupancy and other required governmental permits and authorizations; |
| development costs incurred for projects that are not pursued to completion; |
| acts of God such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods or fires that could adversely impact a project; |
| the negative impact of construction on operating performance during and soon after the construction period; |
| the ability to raise capital; and |
| governmental restrictions on the nature or size of a project. |
We cannot assure you that any development or redevelopment project will be completed on time or within budget. Our inability to complete a project on time or within budget could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
The increasing use of Internet travel intermediaries by consumers may reduce our revenues.
Some of our hotel rooms are booked through Internet travel intermediaries, such as Travelocity.com, Expedia.com and Priceline.com. As these Internet bookings increase, these intermediaries may be able to obtain higher commissions, reduced room rates or other significant contract concessions from the management companies that operate the hotels we own and acquire. Moreover, some of these Internet travel intermediaries are attempting to offer hotel rooms as a commodity, by increasing the importance of price and general indicators of quality (such as three-star downtown hotel), at the expense of brand identification or quality of product or service. These intermediaries hope that consumers will eventually develop brand loyalties to their reservations system rather than to lodging brands or properties. If the amount of bookings made through Internet travel intermediaries proves to be more significant than we expect, room revenues may be lower than expected, and our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders may be adversely affected.
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We may be adversely affected by increased use of business-related technology which may reduce the need for business-related travel.
The increased use of teleconference and video-conference technology by businesses could result in decreased business travel as companies increase the use of technologies that allow multiple parties from different locations to participate at meetings without traveling to a centralized meeting location. To the extent that such technologies play an increased role in day-to-day business and the necessity for business-related travel decreases, hotel room demand may decrease and our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders may be adversely affected.
We and our hotel managers rely on information technology in our operations, and any material failure, inadequacy, interruption or security failure of that technology could harm our business.
We and our hotel managers rely on information technology networks and systems, including the Internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes, including financial transactions and records, personal identifying information, reservations, billing and operating data. We purchase some of our information technology from vendors, on whom our systems depend. We rely on commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmission and storage of confidential customer information, such as individually identifiable information, including information relating to financial accounts. Although we have taken steps to protect the security of our information systems and the data maintained in those systems, it is possible that our safety and security measures will not be able to prevent the systems improper functioning or damage, or the improper access or disclosure of personally identifiable information such as in the event of cyber attacks. Security breaches, including physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses, attacks by hackers and similar breaches, can create system disruptions, shutdowns or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. Any failure to maintain proper function, security and availability of our information systems could interrupt our operations, damage our reputation, subject us to liability claims or regulatory penalties and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Terrorist attacks or changes in terror alert levels could adversely affect travel and hotel demand.
Previous terrorist attacks and subsequent terrorist alerts have adversely affected the U.S. travel and hospitality industries over the past several years, often disproportionately to the effect on the overall economy. The impact that terrorist attacks in the U.S. or elsewhere could have on domestic and international travel and our business in particular cannot be definitively determined, but any such attacks or the threat of such attacks could have a material adverse effect on our business, our ability to finance our business, our ability to insure our properties and our results of operations and financial condition.
Uninsured and underinsured losses could result in a loss of capital.
We maintain comprehensive insurance on each of our hotel properties, including liability, fire and extended coverage, of the type and amount we believe are customarily obtained for or by hotel owners. There are no assurances that coverage will remain available at reasonable rates. Various types of catastrophic losses, like earthquakes and floods, and losses from terrorist activities may not be insurable in whole or in part or may not be available on terms that we consider acceptable.
In the event of a substantial loss, our insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover the full market value or replacement cost of our lost investment. Should an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occur, we could lose all or a portion of the capital we have invested in a hotel property, as well as the anticipated future revenue from the property. In that event, we might nevertheless remain obligated for any mortgage debt or other financial obligations related to the property. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors might also keep us from using insurance proceeds to replace or renovate a hotel after it has been damaged or destroyed. Under those circumstances, the insurance proceeds we receive might be inadequate to restore our economic position on the damaged or destroyed property.
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Our hotels may be subject to unknown or contingent liabilities which could cause us to incur substantial costs.
The hotel properties that we own or may acquire are or may be subject to unknown or contingent liabilities for which we may have no recourse, or only limited recourse, against the sellers. In general, the representations and warranties provided under the transaction agreements related to the sales of the hotel properties may not survive the closing of the transactions. While we will seek to require the sellers to indemnify us with respect to breaches of representations and warranties that survive, such indemnification may be limited and subject to various materiality thresholds, a significant deductible or an aggregate cap on losses. As a result, there is no guarantee that we will recover any amounts with respect to losses due to breaches by the sellers of their representations and warranties. In addition, the total amount of costs and expenses that may be incurred with respect to liabilities associated with these hotels may exceed our expectations, and we may experience other unanticipated adverse effects, all of which may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Noncompliance with environmental laws and regulations could subject us to fines and liabilities which could adversely affect our operating results.
Our hotel properties are subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws. Under these laws, courts and government agencies have the authority to require us, as owner of a contaminated property, to clean up the property, even if we did not know of or were not responsible for the contamination. These laws also apply to persons who owned a property at the time it became contaminated, and therefore it is possible we could incur cleanup costs even after we sell some of the properties we acquire. In addition to the costs of cleanup, environmental contamination can affect the value of a property and, therefore, an owners ability to borrow funds using the property as collateral or to sell the property. Under the environmental laws, courts and government agencies also have the authority to require that a person who sent waste to a waste disposal facility, such as a landfill or an incinerator, pay for the clean-up of that facility if it becomes contaminated and threatens human health or the environment. A person that arranges for the disposal or transports for disposal or treatment of a hazardous substance at a property owned by another may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous substances released into the environment at that property.
Furthermore, various court decisions have established that third parties may recover damages for injury caused by property contamination. For instance, a person exposed to asbestos while staying in a hotel may seek to recover damages if he or she suffers injury from the asbestos. Also, some of these environmental laws restrict the use of a property or place conditions on various activities. An example would be laws that require a business using chemicals (such as swimming pool chemicals at a hotel property) to manage them carefully and to notify local officials that the chemicals are being used.
We could be responsible for any of the costs discussed above. The costs to clean up a contaminated property, to defend against a claim, or to comply with environmental laws could be material and could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
As a result, we may become subject to material environmental liabilities. We can make no assurances that future laws or regulations will not impose material environmental liabilities or that the current environmental condition of our hotel properties will not be affected by the condition of the properties in the vicinity of our hotel properties (such as the presence of leaking underground storage tanks) or by third parties unrelated to us.
Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act could require us to incur substantial costs.
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, or the ADA, all public accommodations must meet various federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. While we believe that our hotels are
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substantially in compliance with these requirements, a determination to the contrary could require removal of access barriers and non-compliance could result in the U.S. government imposing fines or in private litigants winning damages.
In March 2012, a substantial number of changes to the Accessibility Guidelines under the ADA will take effect. The new guidelines could cause some of our hotel properties to incur costly measures to become fully compliant.
If we are required to make substantial modifications to our hotel properties, whether to comply with the ADA or other changes in governmental rules and regulations, our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders could be adversely affected.
General Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry
Illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly impede our ability to sell hotels or otherwise respond to adverse changes in the performance of our hotel properties.
Because real estate investments are relatively illiquid, our ability to promptly sell one or more hotel properties for reasonable prices in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions will be limited. The real estate market is affected by many factors beyond our control, including:
| adverse changes in international, national, regional and local economic and market conditions; |
| changes in interest rates and in the availability, cost and terms of debt financing; |
| changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning ordinances and the related costs of compliance with laws and regulations, fiscal policies and ordinances; |
| the ongoing need for capital improvements, particularly in older structures; |
| changes in operating expenses; and |
| civil unrest, acts of God, including earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters, which may result in uninsured losses, and acts of war or terrorism. |
During 2010, we acquired the Monaco Washington DC by acquiring a leasehold interest in land underlying the property from the U.S. government and in February 2011, we acquired the Argonaut Hotel in a similar fashion. We may acquire additional hotels in the future through the purchase of hotels subject to ground leases. Sale of property subject to ground leases may require the consent of the lessor. This consent requirement may make it more difficult or expensive to sell or finance the hotels subject to ground leases.
We may decide to sell hotel properties in the future. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any hotel property for the price or on the terms set by us, or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We also cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a hotel property.
We may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a hotel property can be sold. We cannot assure you that we will have funds available to correct those defects or to make those improvements. In acquiring a hotel property, we may agree to lock-out provisions that materially restrict us from selling that property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that property. These factors and any others that would impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of the hotel properties or a need for liquidity could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
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Increases in property taxes would increase our operating costs, reduce our income and adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Each of our hotel properties is subject to real and personal property taxes. These taxes may increase as tax rates change and as the properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. If property taxes increase, our financial condition, results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders could be materially and adversely affected and the market price of our common shares could decline.
The costs of compliance with or liabilities under environmental laws could significantly reduce our profitability.
Operating expenses at our hotels could be higher than anticipated due to the cost of complying with existing or future environmental laws and regulations. In addition, an owner of real property can face liability for environmental contamination created by the presence or discharge of hazardous substances on the property. We may face liability regardless of:
| our lack of knowledge of the contamination; |
| the timing of the contamination; |
| the cause of the contamination; or |
| the party responsible for the contamination of the property. |
Environmental laws also impose ongoing compliance requirements on owners and operators of real property. Environmental laws potentially affecting us address a wide variety of matters, including, but not limited to, asbestos-containing building materials, storage tanks, storm water and wastewater discharges, lead-based paint, mold/mildew and hazardous wastes. Failure to comply with these laws could result in fines and penalties and/or expose us to third-party liability. Some of our properties may have conditions that are subject to these requirements, and we could be liable for such fines or penalties and/or liable to third parties.
Certain hotel properties we own or may own in the future may contain, or may have contained, asbestos-containing building materials, or ACBMs. Environmental laws require that ACBMs be properly managed and maintained and may impose fines and penalties on building owners and operators for failure to comply with these requirements. Also, certain properties may be adjacent or near other properties that have contained or currently contain storage tanks for the storage of petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances. These operations create a potential for the release of petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances. Third parties may be permitted by law to seek recovery from owners or operators for property damage and/or personal injury associated with exposure to contaminants, including, but not limited to, petroleum products, hazardous or toxic substances and asbestos fibers.
We have obtained Phase I environmental site assessments, or ESAs, on our hotel properties and expect to do so for the hotel properties we acquire in the future. ESAs are intended to evaluate information regarding the environmental condition of the surveyed property and surrounding properties based generally on visual observations, interviews and certain publicly available databases. These assessments do not typically take into account all environmental issues including, but not limited to, testing of soil or groundwater or the possible presence of asbestos, lead-based paint, radon, wetlands or mold. As a result, these assessments may fail to reveal all environmental conditions, liabilities or compliance concerns. Material environmental conditions, liabilities or compliance concerns may arise after the ESAs and future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose material additional environmental liability. We cannot assure you that costs of future environmental compliance will not affect our ability to make distributions to our shareholders or that such costs or other remedial measures will not be material to us.
The presence of hazardous substances on a property may limit our ability to sell the property on favorable terms or at all, and we may incur substantial remediation costs. The discovery of material environmental
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liabilities at our properties could subject us to unanticipated significant costs, which could significantly reduce our profitability and the cash available for distribution to our shareholders.
Our properties may contain or develop harmful mold, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects and costs of remediating the problem.
When excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, mold growth may occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Some molds may produce airborne toxins or irritants. Concern about indoor exposure to mold has been increasing as exposure to mold may cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions. Some of our properties may contain microbial matter such as mold and mildew. The presence of significant mold at any of our properties could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold from the affected property. The presence of significant mold could expose us to liability from hotel guests, hotel employees and others if property damage or health concerns arise.
Our mortgage debt obligations expose us to increased risk of property losses to foreclosure, which could adversely affect our financial condition, cash flow and ability to satisfy our other debt obligations and make distributions to our shareholders.
Incurring mortgage debt increases our risk of property losses, because any defaults on indebtedness secured by properties may result in foreclosure actions initiated by lenders and ultimately our loss of the property securing the loan for which we are in default. For tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our properties would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure but would not receive any cash proceeds. As a result, we may be required to identify and utilize other sources of cash for distributions to our shareholders with respect to that income.
In addition, any default under our mortgage debt obligations may increase the risk of our default on other indebtedness. If this occurs, our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders may be adversely affected.
Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure
Provisions of our declaration of trust may limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of us by authorizing our board of trustees to authorize issuances of additional securities.
Our declaration of trust authorizes our board of trustees to issue up to 500,000,000 common shares and up to 100,000,000 preferred shares. In addition, our board of trustees may, without shareholder approval, amend our declaration of trust to increase the aggregate number of our shares or the number of shares of any class or series that we have the authority to issue and to classify or reclassify any unissued common shares or preferred shares and to set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. As a result, our board of trustees may authorize the issuance of additional shares or establish a series of common or preferred shares that may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company, including transactions at a premium over the market price of our shares, even if shareholders believe that a change of control is in their interest.
Provisions of Maryland law may limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of us by requiring our board of trustees or shareholders to approve proposals to acquire our company or effect a change of control.
Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, or the MGCL, applicable to Maryland real estate investment trusts may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making a proposal to acquire us or of
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impeding a change of control under circumstances that otherwise could provide our common shareholders with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of such shares, including:
| business combination provisions that, subject to limitations, prohibit certain business combinations between us and an interested shareholder (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 10 percent or more of the voting power of our shares) or an affiliate of any interested shareholder for five years after the most recent date on which the shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, and thereafter imposes special appraisal rights and special shareholder voting requirements on these combinations; and |
| control share provisions that provide that our control shares (defined as shares which, when aggregated with other shares controlled by the shareholder, entitle the shareholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing trustees) acquired in a control share acquisition (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of control shares) have no voting rights except to the extent approved by our shareholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all interested shares. |
By resolution of our board of trustees, we have opted out of the business combination provisions of the MGCL and provided that any business combination between us and any other person is exempt from the business combination provisions of the MGCL, provided that the business combination is first approved by our board of trustees (including a majority of trustees who are not affiliates or associates of such persons). Pursuant to a provision in our bylaws, we have opted out of the control share provisions of the MGCL. However, our board of trustees may by resolution elect to opt in to the business combination provisions of the MGCL and we may, by amendment to our bylaws, opt in to the control share provisions of the MGCL in the future.
Additionally, Title 8, Subtitle 3 of the MGCL permits our board of trustees, without shareholder approval and regardless of what is currently provided in our declaration of trust or bylaws, to implement certain takeover defenses, such as a classified board, some of which we do not yet have. These provisions may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us or of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us under the circumstances that otherwise could provide our common shareholders with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then current market price.
The ownership limitations in our declaration of trust may restrict or prevent shareholders from engaging in certain transfers of our common shares.
In order for us to qualify and remain qualified as a REIT, no more than 50 percent in value of our outstanding shares may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the federal income tax laws to include various kinds of entities) during the last half of any taxable year. To assist us in qualifying as a REIT, our declaration of trust contains a share ownership limit. Generally, any of our shares owned by affiliated owners will be added together for purposes of the share ownership limit.
If anyone transfers shares in a way that would violate the share ownership limit or prevent us from qualifying as a REIT under the federal income tax laws, those shares instead will be transferred to a trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary and will be either redeemed by us or sold to a person whose ownership of the shares will not violate the share ownership limit or we will consider the transfer to be null and void from the outset, and the intended transferee of those shares will be deemed never to have owned the shares. Anyone who acquires shares in violation of the share ownership limit or the other restrictions on transfer in our declaration of trust bears the risk of suffering a financial loss when the shares are redeemed or sold if the market price of our shares falls between the date of purchase and the date of redemption or sale.
In addition, these ownership limitations may prevent an acquisition of control of us by a third party without our board of trustees approval, even if our shareholders believe the change of control is in their interest.
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Our rights and the rights of our shareholders to take action against our trustees and officers are limited, which could limit shareholders recourse in the event of actions not in their best interests.
Under Maryland law, generally, a trustees actions will be upheld if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. In addition, our declaration of trust limits the liability of our trustees and officers to us and our shareholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from:
| actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or |
| active and deliberate dishonesty by the trustee or officer that was established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action adjudicated. |
Our declaration of trust authorizes us to indemnify our trustees and officers for actions taken by them in those capacities to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. Our bylaws require us to indemnify each trustee or officer, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service to us. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our trustees and officers. As a result, we and our shareholders may have more limited rights against our trustees and officers than might otherwise exist absent the current provisions in our declaration of trust and bylaws or that might exist with other companies.
Our declaration of trust contains provisions that make removal of our trustees difficult, which could make it difficult for our shareholders to effect changes to our management.
Our declaration of trust provides that a trustee may be removed only for cause (as defined in our declaration of trust) and then only by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of trustees. Our declaration of trust also provides that vacancies on our board of trustees may be filled only by a majority of the remaining trustees in office, even if less than a quorum. These requirements prevent shareholders from removing trustees except for cause and with a substantial affirmative vote and from replacing trustees with their own nominees and may prevent a change in control of our company that is in the best interests of our shareholders.
The ability of our board of trustees to change our major policies without the consent of shareholders may not be in shareholders interest.
Our board of trustees determines our major policies, including policies and guidelines relating to our acquisitions, leverage, financing, growth, operations and distributions to shareholders. Our board may amend or revise these and other policies and guidelines from time to time without the vote or consent of our shareholders. Accordingly, our shareholders will have limited control over changes in our policies and those changes could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Further issuances of equity securities may be dilutive to current shareholders.
We expect to issue additional common shares or preferred shares to raise the capital necessary to finance hotel acquisitions or improvements, refinance debt or pay portions of future dividends. In addition, we may issue units in our operating partnership, which are redeemable on a one-for-one basis for our common shares, to acquire hotels. Such issuances could result in dilution of our shareholders equity interests.
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Future offerings of debt securities or preferred shares, which would be senior to our common shares upon liquidation and for the purpose of distributions, may cause the market price of our common shares to decline.
We have issued two series of preferred shares. In the future, we may increase our capital resources by making additional offerings of debt or equity securities, which may include senior or subordinated notes, classes of preferred shares and/or common shares. We will be able to issue additional common shares or preferred shares without shareholder approval, unless shareholder approval is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and preferred shares and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive a distribution of our available assets prior to the holders of our common shares. Additional equity offerings could significantly dilute the holdings of our existing shareholders or reduce the market price of our common shares, or both. Holders of our common shares are not entitled to preemptive rights or other protections against dilution. Preferred shares and debt, if issued, have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend or interest payments that could limit our ability to make a distribution to the holders of our common shares. Because our decision to issue securities will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, our shareholders bear the risk of our future securities issuances reducing the market price of our common shares and diluting their interest.
Holders of our outstanding preferred shares have dividend, liquidation and other rights that are senior to the rights of the holders of our common shares.
Our board of trustees has the authority to designate and issue preferred shares with liquidation, dividend and other rights that are senior to those of our common shares. As of December 31, 2011, 5,600,000 shares of our 7.875% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares (the Series A Preferred Shares) and 3,400,000 shares of our 8.00% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares (the Series B Preferred Shares) were issued and outstanding. The aggregate liquidation preference with respect to the outstanding preferred shares is approximately $225.0 million, and annual dividends on our outstanding preferred shares are approximately $17.8 million. Holders of the Series A Preferred Shares and holders of the Series B Preferred Shares are entitled to cumulative dividends before any dividends may be declared or set aside on our common shares. Upon our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, before any payment is made to holders of our common shares, holders of these preferred shares are entitled to receive a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share plus any accrued and unpaid distributions. This will reduce the remaining amount of our assets, if any, available to distribute to holders of our common shares. In addition, holders of these preferred shares have the right to elect two additional trustees to our board of trustees whenever dividends on the preferred shares are in arrears in an aggregate amount equivalent to six or more quarterly dividends, whether or not consecutive.
The change of control conversion and redemption features of the Series A Preferred Shares and of the Series B Preferred Shares may make it more difficult for a party to take over our company or discourage a party from taking over our company.
Upon the occurrence of a change of control (as defined in our declaration of trust) the result of which our common shares and the common securities of the acquiring or surviving entity (or American Depositary Receipts representing such securities) are not listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the NYSE), the NYSE Amex or NASDAQ or listed or quoted on an exchange or quotation system that is a successor to the NYSE, the NYSE Amex or NASDAQ, holders of the Series A Preferred Shares and holders of the Series B Preferred Shares will have the right (unless, as provided in our declaration of trust, we have provided or provide notice of our election to redeem the Series B Preferred Shares) to convert some or all of their Series B Preferred Shares into our common shares (or equivalent value of alternative consideration), and under these circumstances we will also have a special optional redemption right to redeem the Series B Preferred Shares. Upon such a conversion, the holders of Series A Preferred Shares will be limited to a maximum number of our common shares equal to the 2.3234 multiplied by the number of Series A Preferred Shares converted and holders of Series B Preferred Shares
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will be limited to a maximum number of our common shares equal to the 3.4483 multiplied by the number of Series B Preferred Shares converted. In addition, those features of the Series A Preferred Shares and of the Series B Preferred Shares may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making an acquisition proposal for our company or of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of our company under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of our common shares, Series A Preferred Shares and Series B Preferred Shares with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-current market price or that shareholders may otherwise believe is in their best interests.
We have entered into an agreement with each of our executive officers that requires us to make payments in the event the officers employment is terminated by us without cause, by the officer for good reason or under certain circumstances following a change of control of our company.
The agreements that we have entered into with our executive officers provide benefits under certain circumstances that could make it more difficult for us to terminate these officers and may prevent or deter a change of control of our company that would otherwise be in the interest of our shareholders.
If we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately determine our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, our shareholders could lose confidence in our financial results, which could harm our business and the value of our common shares.
Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent fraud. We may in the future discover areas of our internal controls that need improvement. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires us to evaluate and report on our internal controls over financial reporting and have our independent auditors annually issue their own opinion on our internal controls over financial reporting. We cannot be certain that we will be successful in maintaining adequate internal controls over our financial reporting and financial processes. Furthermore, as we grow our business, our internal controls will become more complex, and we will require significantly more resources to ensure our internal controls remain effective. If we or our independent auditors discover a material weakness, the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could reduce the market value of our common shares. Additionally, the existence of any material weakness or significant deficiency would require management to devote significant time and incur significant expense to remediate any such material weaknesses or significant deficiencies and management may not be able to remediate any such material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in a timely manner.
Federal Income Tax Risk Factors
Our failure to qualify, or to remain qualified, as a REIT would result in higher taxes and reduced cash available for distribution to our shareholders.
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. However, qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Code, for which only a limited number of judicial and administrative interpretations exist. Even an inadvertent or technical mistake could jeopardize our REIT qualification. Our qualification as a REIT depends on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, shareholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis.
Moreover, new tax legislation, administrative guidance or court decisions, in each instance potentially applicable with retroactive effect, could make it more difficult or impossible for us to qualify as a REIT. If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we would be subject to federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, and distributions to shareholders would not be deductible by us in computing our taxable income. Any such corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our shareholders, which in turn could have an adverse impact on the value of our shares. If, for any reason, we failed to qualify as a REIT and we were not entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we would be unable to elect REIT status for the four taxable years following the year during which we ceased to so qualify which would negatively impact the value of our shares.
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Failure to make required distributions would subject us to tax, which would reduce the cash available for distribution to our shareholders.
To qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must distribute to our shareholders each calendar year at least 90 percent of our REIT taxable income (including certain items of non-cash income), determined before the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain. To the extent that we satisfy the 90 percent distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100 percent of our REIT taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed income. In addition, we will incur a 4 percent nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which our distributions in any calendar year are less than the sum of:
| 85 percent of our REIT ordinary income for that year; |
| 95 percent of our REIT capital gain net income for that year; and |
| any undistributed REIT taxable income from prior years. |
We have distributed, and we intend to continue to distribute, our REIT taxable income to our shareholders in a manner intended to satisfy the 90 percent distribution requirement and to avoid both corporate income tax and the 4 percent nondeductible excise tax. However, there is no requirement that TRSs distribute their after tax net income to their parent REIT or their shareholders.
Our REIT taxable income may substantially exceed our net income as determined based on U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, because, for example, realized capital losses will be deducted in determining our U.S. GAAP net income, but may not be deductible in computing our REIT taxable income. Differences in timing between the recognition of income and the related cash receipts or the effect of required debt amortization payments could require us to borrow money or sell properties at prices or at times that we regard as unfavorable in order to pay out enough of our REIT taxable income to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4 percent nondeductible excise tax in a particular year.
We may pay taxable dividends partly in shares and partly in cash, in which case shareholders may sell our shares to pay tax on such dividends, placing downward pressure on the market price of our shares.
The Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, has issued private letter rulings to other REITs treating certain distributions that are paid partly in cash and partly in shares as dividends that would satisfy the REIT annual distribution requirement and qualify for the dividends paid deduction for federal income tax purposes. Those rulings may be relied upon only by the taxpayers to whom they were issued, but we could request a similar ruling from the IRS. In addition, the IRS previously issued a revenue procedure authorizing publicly traded REITs to make elective cash/share dividends, but that revenue procedure does not apply to our 2012 and future taxable years. Accordingly, it is unclear whether and to what extent we will be able to make taxable dividends payable in cash and shares. Although we have no current intention of paying dividends in the form of our own shares, if in the future we choose to pay dividends in our own shares, our shareholders may be required to pay tax in excess of the cash that they receive. If a U.S. shareholder sells the shares that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our shares at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. shareholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in shares. If we pay dividends in our own shares and a significant number of our shareholders determine to sell our shares in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, it may put downward pressure on the trading price of our shares.
Our TRS lessees increase our overall tax liability.
Our TRS lessees are subject to federal and state income tax on their taxable income, which consists of the revenues from the hotel properties leased by our TRS lessees, net of the operating expenses (including management fees) for such hotel properties and rent payments to us. Accordingly, although our ownership of our
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TRS lessees allows us to participate in the operating income from our hotel properties in addition to receiving rent, that operating income is fully subject to income tax. The after-tax net income of our TRS lessees is available for distribution to us.
Our ownership of our TRSs is limited and our transactions with our TRSs will cause us to be subject to a 100 percent penalty tax on certain income or deductions if those transactions are not conducted on arms-length terms.
A REIT may own up to 100 percent of the stock of one or more TRSs. A TRS may hold assets and earn income that would not be qualifying assets or income if held or earned directly by a REIT, including gross operating income from hotel operations pursuant to hotel management contracts. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35 percent of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no more than 25 percent of the value of a REITs assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs. In addition, the TRS rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a TRS to its parent REIT to assure that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. The rules also impose a 100 percent excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arms-length basis.
Our TRSs are subject to applicable federal, foreign, state and local income tax on their taxable income, and their after-tax net income will be available for distribution to us but is not required to be distributed to us. We believe that the aggregate value of the stock and securities of our TRSs is and will continue to be less than 25 percent of the value of our total assets (including our TRS stock and securities). Furthermore, we will monitor the value of our respective investments in our TRSs for the purpose of ensuring compliance with TRS ownership limitations. In addition, we will scrutinize all of our transactions with our TRSs to ensure that they are entered into on arms-length terms to avoid incurring the 100 percent excise tax described above. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to comply with the 25 percent limitation discussed above or to avoid application of the 100 percent excise tax discussed above.
If the leases of our hotel properties to our TRS lessees are not respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes, we would fail to qualify as a REIT and would be subject to higher taxes and have less cash available for distribution to our shareholders.
To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income tests, under which specified percentages of our gross income must be derived from certain sources, such as rents from real property. Rents paid to our operating partnership by our TRS lessees pursuant to the lease of our hotel properties constitute substantially all of our gross income. In order for such rent to qualify as rents from real property for purposes of the gross income tests, the leases must be respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes and not be treated as service contracts, joint ventures or some other type of arrangement. If our leases are not respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes, we would fail to qualify as a REIT.
If our Operating Partnership failed to qualify as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, we would cease to qualify as a REIT and would be subject to higher taxes and have less cash available for distribution to our shareholders and suffer other adverse consequences.
We believe that our Operating Partnership qualifies to be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. As a partnership, our operating partnership is not subject to federal income tax on its income. Instead, each of its partners, including us, is required to pay tax on its allocable share of the operating partnerships income. No assurance can be provided, however, that the IRS will not challenge its status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were successful in treating our operating partnership as a corporation for tax purposes, we would fail to meet the gross income tests and certain of the asset tests applicable to REITs and, accordingly, cease to qualify as a REIT. Also, the failure of
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our operating partnership to qualify as a partnership would cause it to become subject to federal and state corporate income tax, which would reduce significantly the amount of cash available for debt service and for distribution to its partners, including us.
If our hotel managers do not qualify as eligible independent contractors, we would fail to qualify as a REIT and would be subject to higher taxes and have less cash available for distribution to our shareholders.
Rent paid by a lessee that is a related party tenant of ours will not be qualifying income for purposes of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs. We lease all of our hotels to our TRS lessees. So long as any TRS lessee qualifies as a TRS, it will not be treated as a related party tenant with respect to our properties that are managed by an independent hotel management company that qualifies as an eligible independent contractor. We believe that our TRSs qualify to be treated as TRSs for federal income tax purposes, but there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge the status of a TRS for federal income tax purposes or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were successful in disqualifying any of our TRSs lessees from treatment as a TRS, it is possible that we would fail to meet the asset tests applicable to REITs and substantially all of our income would fail to qualify for the gross income tests. If we failed to meet either the asset or gross income tests, we would likely lose our REIT qualification for federal income tax purposes.
Additionally, if our hotel managers do not qualify as eligible independent contractors, we will fail to qualify as a REIT. Each of the hotel management companies that enter into a management contract with our TRS lessees must qualify as an eligible independent contractor under the REIT rules in order for the rent paid to us by our TRS lessees to be qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests. Among other requirements, in order to qualify as an eligible independent contractor a manager must not own, directly or through its shareholders, more than 35 percent of our outstanding shares, taking into account certain ownership attribution rules. The ownership attribution rules that apply for purposes of these 35 percent thresholds are complex. Although we intend to monitor ownership of our shares by our hotel managers and their owners, there can be no assurance that these ownership levels will not be exceeded.
Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.
The maximum tax rate applicable to income from qualified dividends payable to U.S. shareholders that are individuals, trusts and estates has been reduced by legislation to 15 percent (through the end of 2012). Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rates. Although this legislation does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends payable by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including our common shares.
Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge our liabilities effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.
The REIT provisions of the Code substantially limit our ability to hedge our liabilities. Any income from a hedging transaction we enter into to manage risk of interest rate changes, price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire or carry real estate assets does not constitute gross income for purposes of the 75 percent or 95 percent gross income tests. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both of the gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we may need to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a TRS. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because our TRS would be subject to tax on gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, losses in our TRSs will generally not provide any tax benefit, except for being carried forward against future taxable income in the TRSs.
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Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive business opportunities or liquidate otherwise attractive investments.
To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our shareholders and the ownership of our shares. In order to meet these tests, we may be required to forego investments we might otherwise make. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our performance.
In particular, we must ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75 percent of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified real estate assets. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10 percent of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10 percent of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5 percent of the value of our assets (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 25 percent of the value of our total assets can be represented by the securities of one or more TRSs. The Code provides that temporary investments of new capital in stock or debt instruments for the period of one year beginning on the date on which we receive the new capital will be considered qualified real estate assets for purposes of the above requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our shareholders.
If our subsidiary REIT failed to qualify as a REIT, we could be subject to higher taxes and could fail to remain qualified as a REIT.
Our Operating Partnership owns 100% of the common shares of a subsidiary REIT that has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the federal income tax laws. Our subsidiary REIT is subject to the various REIT qualification requirements and other limitations described herein that are applicable to us. If our subsidiary REIT were to fail to qualify as a REIT, then (i) the subsidiary REIT would become subject to federal income tax and (ii) our ownership of shares in such subsidiary REIT would cease to be a qualifying asset for purposes of the asset tests applicable to REITs. If our subsidiary REIT were to fail to qualify as a REIT, it is possible that we would fail certain of the asset tests applicable to REITs, in which event we would fail to qualify as a REIT unless we could avail ourselves of certain relief provisions. We have made a protective TRS election with respect to our subsidiary REIT and may implement other protective arrangements intended to avoid such an outcome if our subsidiary REIT were not to qualify as a REIT, but there can be no assurance that such protective election and other arrangements will be effective to avoid the resulting adverse consequences to us. Moreover, even if the protective TRS election with respect to our subsidiary REIT were to be effective in the event of the failure of the subsidiary REIT to qualify as a REIT, the subsidiary REIT would be subject to federal income tax and we cannot assure you that we would not fail to satisfy the requirement that not more than 25% of the value of our total assets may be represented by the securities of one or more TRSs. In this event, we would fail to qualify as a REIT unless we or our subsidiary REIT could avail itself of certain relief provisions.
The ability of our board of trustees to revoke our REIT qualification without shareholder approval may subject us to federal and state income tax and reduce distributions to our shareholders.
Our declaration of trust provides that our board of trustees may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our shareholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to be a REIT, we would become subject to federal income tax on our taxable income and would no longer be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our shareholders, which may have adverse consequences on our total return to our shareholders and on the market price of our common shares.
28
We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could increase our tax liability, reduce our operating flexibility and reduce the market price of our shares.
At any time, the federal income tax laws governing REITs or the administrative and judicial interpretations of those laws may be amended. We cannot predict when or if any new federal income tax law, regulation or administrative and judicial interpretation, or any amendment to any existing federal income tax law, regulation or administrative or judicial interpretation, will be adopted, promulgated or become effective and any such law, regulation or interpretation may take effect retroactively. We and our shareholders could be adversely affected by any such change in, or any new, federal income tax law, regulation or administrative and judicial interpretation.
The share ownership restrictions of the Code for REITs and the 9.8 percent share ownership limit in our declaration of trust may inhibit market activity in our shares and restrict our business combination opportunities.
In order to qualify as a REIT for each taxable year, five or fewer individuals, as defined in the Code, may not own, actually or constructively, more than 50 percent in value of our issued and outstanding shares at any time during the last half of a taxable year. Attribution rules in the Code determine if any individual or entity actually or constructively owns our shares under this requirement. Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own our shares during at least 335 days of a taxable year for each taxable year. To help insure that we meet these tests, our declaration of trust restricts the acquisition and ownership of our shares.
Our declaration of trust, with certain exceptions, authorizes our trustees to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. Unless exempted by our board of trustees, our declaration of trust prohibits any person from beneficially or constructively owning more than 9.8 percent (measured by value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of our shares. Our board of trustees may not grant an exemption from these restrictions to any proposed transferee whose ownership in excess of 9.8 percent of the value of our outstanding shares would result in the termination of our qualification as a REIT. These restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply, however, if our board of trustees determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT.
These ownership limits could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our common shares or otherwise be in the best interest of the shareholders.
If states and localities in which we own material amounts of property or conduct material amounts of business raise their income and property tax rates or amend their tax regimes in a manner that increases our state and local tax liabilities, we would have less cash available for distribution to our shareholders and the market price of our shares could be adversely affected.
We and our subsidiaries may be subject to income tax by states and localities in which we conduct business. Additionally, we are and will continue to be subject to property taxes in states and localities in which we own property, and our TRS lessees are and will continue to be subject to state and local corporate income tax. Many states and localities are currently financially distressed as a result of the recent recession. As these states and localities seek additional sources of revenue to reduce budget deficits and otherwise improve their financial condition, they may, among other steps, raise income and property tax rates and/or amend their tax regimes to eliminate for state income tax purposes the favorable tax treatment REITs enjoy for federal income tax purposes. We cannot predict when or if any states or localities would make any such changes, or what form those changes would take. If states and localities in which we own material amounts of property or conduct material amounts of business make changes to their tax rates or tax regimes that increase our state and local tax liabilities, such increases would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our shareholders and could adversely affect the market price of our shares.
29
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments. |
None.
Item 2. | Properties. |
We lease our headquarters located at 2 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 1530, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.
At December 31, 2011, we have 14 wholly owned hotels with a total of 3,812 guest rooms and a 49% equity interest in six hotels with a total of 1,733 guest rooms.
The following table sets forth certain information about the hotels we wholly owned as of December 31, 2011, all of which are consolidated in our financial statements.
Property |
Date Acquired |
Location |
Number of Guest Rooms |
|||||
1. DoubleTree by Hilton Bethesda-Washington DC(1) |
June 4, 2010 | Bethesda, MD | 270 | |||||
2. Sir Francis Drake |
June 22, 2010 | San Francisco, CA | 416 | |||||
3. InterContinental Buckhead(1) |
July 1, 2010 | Buckhead, GA | 422 | |||||
4. Monaco Washington DC(1)(2) |
September 9, 2010 | Washington, D.C. | 183 | |||||
5. The Grand Hotel Minneapolis |
September 29, 2010 | Minneapolis, MN | 140 | |||||
6. Skamania Lodge(1) |
November 3, 2010 | Stevenson, WA | 254 | |||||
7. Sheraton Delfina |
November 19, 2010 | Santa Monica, CA | 310 | |||||
8. Sofitel Philadelphia(1) |
December 3, 2010 | Philadelphia, PA | 306 | |||||
9. Argonaut Hotel(1)(2) |
February 16, 2011 | San Francisco, CA | 252 | |||||
10. Westin Gaslamp Quarter |
April 6, 2011 | San Diego, CA | 450 | |||||
11. Hotel Monaco Seattle |
April 7, 2011 | Seattle, WA | 189 | |||||
12. Mondrian Los Angeles |
May 3, 2011 | West Hollywood, CA | 237 | |||||
13. Viceroy Miami |
May 26, 2011 | Miami, FL | 148 | |||||
14. W Boston |
June 8, 2011 | Boston, MA | 235 | |||||
|
|
|||||||
Total number of guest rooms |
3,812 | |||||||
|
|
(1) | This property is subject to mortgage/debt at December 31, 2011. |
(2) | This property is subject to a long-term ground lease. |
The following table sets forth certain information about the six hotels we owned through a 49% equity interest in the Manhattan Collection joint venture as of December 31, 2011. None of these hotels is consolidated in our financial statements.
Property |
Date Acquired |
Location |
Number of Guest Rooms |
|||||
1. Affinia Manhattan(1) |
July 29, 2011 | New York, NY | 618 | |||||
2. Affinia Shelburne(1) |
July 29, 2011 | New York, NY | 325 | |||||
3. Affinia Dumont(1) |
July 29, 2011 | New York, NY | 242 | |||||
4. Affinia 50(1) |
July 29, 2011 | New York, NY | 210 | |||||
5. Affinia Gardens(1) |
July 29, 2011 | New York, NY | 129 | |||||
6. The Benjamin(1) |
July 29, 2011 | New York, NY | 209 | |||||
|
|
|||||||
Total number of guest rooms |
1,733 | |||||||
|
|
(1) | This property is subject to mortgage/debt at December 31, 2011. |
30
Hotel Managers and Hotel Management Agreements
We are a party to hotel management agreements with Denihan Hospitality Group, Destination Hotels and Resorts, Kimpton Hotels and Restaurants (Kimpton), InterContinental Hotels Group, Morgans Hotel Group, Sofitel (Accor SA), Starwood Hotels and Resorts, Thayer Lodging Group and Viceroy Hotel Group.
Our management agreements have the terms described below:
| Base Management Fees. Our management agreements generally provide for the payment of base management fees between 2.0% and 4.0% of the applicable hotels revenues, as determined in the agreements. |
| Incentive Management and Other Fees. Some of our management agreements provide for the payment of incentive management fees. Generally, incentive management fees are 10.0% to 20.0% of net operating income above a specified return on project costs or as a percentage of net operating income above various net operating income thresholds. One of our management agreements provides for an incentive fee of the lesser of 1% of revenues or the amount by which net operating income exceeds a threshold. Two of our management agreements have a maximum incentive fee of 2.5% of revenue. |
| Terms. The initial terms of our management agreements range from 5 years to 20 years not including renewals, and 5 years to 40 years including renewals. |
| Ability to Terminate. Many of our management agreements are terminable at will by us upon payment of a termination fee and some are terminable upon sale of the property. Most of the agreements also provide us the ability to terminate based on failure to achieve defined operating performance thresholds. Termination fees range from zero to up to six times the annual base management and incentive management fees, depending on the agreement and the reason for termination. |
| Operational Services. Each manager has exclusive authority to supervise, direct and control the day-to-day hotel operation and management including establishing all room rates, processing reservations, procuring inventories, supplies and services, hiring and firing employees and independent contractors and preparing public relations, publicity and marketing plans for the hotel. |
| Executive Supervision and Management Services. Each manager supervises all managerial and other hotel employees, reviews hotel operation and maintenance, prepares reports, budgets and projections, and provides other administrative and accounting support services for the hotel. Under certain management agreements, we have approval rights over certain key management personnel at the hotel. |
| Chain Services. Our management agreements with major hotel franchisors require the managers to furnish chain services that are generally made available to other hotels managed by such operators. Such services may, for example, include: the development and operation of computer systems and reservation services; management and administrative services; marketing and sales services; human resources training services; and additional services as may from time to time be more efficiently performed on a national, regional or group level. |
| Working Capital. Our management agreements typically require us to maintain working capital for a hotel and to fund the cost of supplies such as linens and other similar items. We are also responsible for providing funds to meet the cash needs for the hotel operations if at any time the funds available from the hotel operations are insufficient to meet the financial requirements of the hotel. |
| Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment Replacements. We are required to invest in the hotels and to provide all the necessary furniture, fixtures and equipment for the operation of the hotels (including funding any required furniture, fixture and equipment replacements). Our management agreements generally provide that once a year the managers will prepare a list of furniture, fixtures and equipment to be acquired and certain routine capital repairs to be performed in the following year and an estimate of funds that are necessary for our review and approval. To fund the furniture, fixtures and equipment replacements, a specified percentage of the gross revenues of each hotel is either deposited by the manager in an escrow account (typically 3.0% to 4.0%) or held by us, as owner. |
31
| Building Alterations, Improvements and Renewals. Our management agreements generally require the managers to prepare an annual estimate of the expenditures necessary for major capital repairs, alterations, improvements, renewals and replacements to the structural, mechanical, electrical, heating, ventilating, air conditioning, plumbing and vertical transportation elements of the hotels. In addition to the foregoing, the management agreements generally provide that the managers may propose such changes, alterations and improvements to the hotels as are required by reason of laws or regulations or, in each managers reasonable judgment, to keep the hotels in a safe, competitive and efficient operating condition. |
| Sale of a Hotel. Certain of our management agreements limit our ability to sell, lease or otherwise transfer a hotel, unless the transferee assumes the related management agreement and meets other specified conditions. |
Franchise Agreements
We have franchise agreements for two of our hotels, the DoubleTree by Hilton Bethesda-Washington DC and the Sheraton Delfina. Pursuant to these franchise agreements, we pay franchise fees based on a percentage of gross room revenues, as well as certain other fees for marketing and reservations services. Franchise fees for room revenues are approximately four to five percent of gross room revenues. The franchise agreements for the DoubleTree by Hilton Bethesda-Washington DC and the Sheraton Delfina hotels expire in June 2020 and November 2013, respectively.
Ground Lease Agreements
The Monaco Washington DC and Argonaut Hotel are subject to long-term ground lease agreements that cover all of the land underlying these hotels. These ground leases require us to make rental payments, based on the greater of a base rent or a percentage of gross hotel revenues and gross food and beverage revenues in excess of certain thresholds, as defined in the agreements. The agreements also contain certain restrictions on modifications that can be made to the structures due to its status as national historic landmarks. Both of these lease agreements expire in 2059.
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings. |
We are not involved in any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against us.
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures. |
Not applicable.
32
PART II
Item 5. | Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |
Market Information
Our common shares began trading on the NYSE on December 9, 2009 under the symbol PEB. The following table sets forth, for the period indicated, the high and low closing prices per share and the cash dividends declared per share:
Calendar Year 2011 | Calendar Year 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
High | Low | Dividend | High | Low | Dividend | |||||||||||||||||||
First Quarter |
$ | 22.22 | $ | 20.04 | $ | 0.12 | $ | 21.75 | $ | 20.01 | | |||||||||||||
Second Quarter |
$ | 21.90 | $ | 19.24 | $ | 0.12 | $ | 21.09 | $ | 17.93 | | |||||||||||||
Third Quarter |
$ | 20.61 | $ | 14.12 | $ | 0.12 | $ | 19.25 | $ | 17.09 | | |||||||||||||
Fourth Quarter |
$ | 19.63 | $ | 14.41 | $ | 0.12 | $ | 20.96 | $ | 18.01 | $ | 0.12 |
The closing price per share of our common shares, as reported by the NYSE on December 31, 2011, was $19.18.
Shareholder Information
On February 15, 2012, there were 24 holders of record of our common shares. However, because many of our common shares are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of shareholders, we believe that there are considerably more beneficial holders of our common shares than record holders.
33
The following graph provides a comparison of the cumulative total return on our common shares from December 9, 2009, the date on which our shares began trading on the NYSE, to the NYSE closing price per share on December 31, 2011 with the cumulative total return on the Russell 2000 Index (the Russell 2000 Index) and the FTSE National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts Equity REITs Index (the FTSE NAREIT Equity Index). Total return values were calculated assuming a $100 investment on December 9, 2009 with reinvestment of all dividends in (i) our common shares, (ii) the Russell 2000 Index and (iii) the FTSE NAREIT Equity Index. The total return values do not include any dividends declared, but not paid, during the period.
The actual returns shown on the graph above are as follows:
Name |
Initial Investment at December 9, 2009 |
Value of
Initial Investment at December 31, 2009 |
Value
of Investment at December 31, 2010 |
Value
of Investment at December 31, 2011 |
||||||||||||
Pebblebrook Hotel Trust |
$ | 100.00 | $ | 107.63 | $ | 99.94 | $ | 96.80 | ||||||||
Russell 2000 Index |
$ | 100.00 | $ | 104.72 | $ | 132.85 | $ | 127.30 | ||||||||
FTSE NAREIT Equity Index |
$ | 100.00 | $ | 105.07 | $ | 134.41 | $ | 145.57 |
Dividends
We declared dividends of $0.48 per common share for the year ended December 31, 2011. For income tax purposes, $0.411 per common share is characterized as ordinary income for 2011, which includes the $0.051 dividend declared on December 15, 2010 and paid on January 14, 2011. Our $0.12 per common share dividend declared on December 15, 2011 and paid on January 16, 2012 will be recognized as a 2012 dividend. Dividends were paid on a quarterly basis to our common shareholders.
We declared dividends of $1.663 to Series A Preferred Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2011. For income tax purposes, $1.377 per Series A Preferred Share is characterized as ordinary income for 2011, and the remaining $0.286 per Series A Preferred Share will be recognized as a 2012 dividend.
We declared dividends of $0.633 to Series B Preferred Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2011. For income tax purposes, $0.343 per Series B Preferred Share is characterized as ordinary income for 2011, and the remaining $0.290 per Series B Preferred Share will be recognized as a 2012 dividend.
34
On January 14, 2011, we paid a dividend to our common shareholders of record as of December 31, 2010 in the amount of $0.12 per share. Of the $0.12 dividend paid on January 14, 2011, $0.069 is characterized for income tax purposes as ordinary income for 2010 and the remaining $0.051 is characterized for income tax purposes as ordinary income for 2011.
Dividends to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits for federal income tax purposes generally will be taxable to a shareholder as ordinary income. Dividends in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will generally be treated as a nontaxable reduction of the shareholders basis in such shareholders shares, to the extent thereof, and thereafter as taxable capital gain. Dividends that are treated as a reduction of the shareholders basis in its shares will have the effect of increasing the amount of gain, or reducing the amount of loss, recognized upon the sale of the shareholders shares.
The declaration of dividends by our company is in the sole discretion of our board of trustees, and depends on our actual cash flow, financial condition, capital expenditure requirements for our hotels, the annual dividend requirements under the REIT provisions of the Code and such other factors as the board of trustees deems relevant.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plan
The following table sets forth information regarding securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plan, the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, as of December 31, 2011. See Note 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our 2009 Equity Incentive Plan.
Plan Category |
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights |
Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights |
Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans |
|||||||||
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1) |
| | 224,317 | |||||||||
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders |
| | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total |
| | 224,317 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) | Our 2009 Equity Incentive Plan was approved by our sole trustee and our sole shareholder prior to completion of the Companys IPO. |
During the year ended December 31, 2011, certain of our employees surrendered 6,521 common shares to the Company in connection with the vesting of restricted common shares as payment for taxes.
35
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data |
The following table includes selected historical financial information which has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements. The following information should be read in conjunction with Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data and all of the financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Year
Ended December 31, 2011 |
Year
Ended December 31, 2010 |
From October 2,
2009 (inception) to December 31, 2009 |
||||||||||
(In thousands, except share and per-share data) | ||||||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||
Room |
$ | 177,479 | $ | 32,804 | $ | | ||||||
Food and beverage |
92,898 | 21,984 | | |||||||||
Other operating department |
17,610 | 2,973 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total revenues |
287,987 | 57,761 | | |||||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||||||
Hotel operating expenses: |
||||||||||||
Room |
47,570 | 9,718 | | |||||||||
Food and beverage |
65,783 | 15,113 | | |||||||||
Other direct |
8,353 | 1,288 | | |||||||||
Other indirect |
79,648 | 16,724 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total hotel operating expenses |
201,354 | 42,843 | | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
30,945 | 5,776 | | |||||||||
Real estate taxes, personal property taxes and property insurance |
12,895 | 2,220 | | |||||||||
Ground rent |
1,814 | 124 | | |||||||||
General and administrative |
11,460 | 8,319 | 262 | |||||||||
Hotel acquisition costs |
3,392 | 6,581 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total operating expenses |
261,860 | 65,863 | 262 | |||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
26,127 | (8,102 | ) | (262 | ) | |||||||
Interest income |
868 | 3,020 | 115 | |||||||||
Interest expense |
(13,653 | ) | (1,640 | ) | | |||||||
Other |
85 | | | |||||||||
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures |
2,336 | | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
15,763 | (6,722 | ) | (147 | ) | |||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit |
(564 | ) | 80 | | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net income (loss) |
15,199 | (6,642 | ) | (147 | ) | |||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests |
343 | | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |
14,856 | (6,642 | ) | (147 | ) | |||||||
Distributions to preferred shareholders |
(10,413 | ) | | | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |
$ | 4,443 | $ | (6,642 | ) | $ | (147 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net income (loss) per share available to common shareholders, basic and diluted |
$ | 0.08 | $ | (0.23 | ) | $ | (0.04 | ) | ||||
Weighted-average number of common shares, basic |
47,921,200 | 28,669,851 | 4,011,198 | |||||||||
Weighted-average number of common shares, diluted |
47,966,307 | 28,669,851 | 4,011,198 |
36
As of December 31, | ||||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data: |
||||||||||||
Investment in hotel properties, net |
$ | 1,127,484 | $ | 599,714 | $ | | ||||||
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures |
171,765 | | | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
65,684 | 220,722 | 319,119 | |||||||||
Investments |
| | 70,000 | |||||||||
Total assets |
1,416,632 | 855,515 | 389,403 | |||||||||
Senior unsecured revolving credit facility |
| | | |||||||||
Mortgage debt |
251,539 | 143,570 | | |||||||||
Total shareholders equity |
1,113,251 | 686,912 | 379,426 |
Item 7. | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. |
Overview
The U.S. lodging industry continued to exhibit positive fundamentals in 2011 that had begun strengthening in 2010. Despite a slower-moving national economy in the second half of 2011, global financial markets volatility and risk related to the European debt crisis, corporate profits and employment have continued to improve in the United States. The strength in corporate transient, group and leisure travel, specifically in the major urban markets, has continued to drive increases in occupancy and ADR, resulting in overall RevPAR growth of 8.2% for the U.S. hotel industry.
Hotel transaction volume was robust during the first half of 2011 driven by the positive industry fundamentals coupled with low interest rates. However, hotel transaction volume fell precipitously in the second half of 2011 due to the uncertain sustainability of the U.S. economic recovery and volatility of the global markets. Over-leveraged hotel properties and owners with insufficient capital resources have provided opportunities for well capitalized companies to acquire high-quality properties located in urban markets. We believe acquisition opportunities from distressed owners will likely ramp up again in the second half of 2012, as the aggregate loan balances in special servicing are expected to increase significantly. Hotel transaction volume as a whole is expected to increase over the next 12 to 18 months assuming a sustainable economic recovery. Along with expected increasing transaction volume, we expect sellers to have higher pricing expectations. We continue to believe that we will see a long and healthy recovery in the hotel industry and believe our properties have significant opportunities to achieve growth in their long-term economic values.
We anticipate that our properties will exceed industry RevPAR and margin growth in 2012 because of our asset management initiatives and capital reinvestment programs. Although we do not manage the hotels we own, our asset management experience and ownership of hotels with different management companies allow us to work with our hotel operators to implement revenue enhancement and expense control initiatives that we believe will have a positive impact on the profitability of the properties we own and acquire.
Significant highlights of our activities for the year ended December 31, 2011 are as follows:
| AcquisitionsWe acquired six properties for purchase prices aggregating $508.2 million. The properties we acquired are: the Argonaut Hotel (February 16, 2011), the Westin Gaslamp Quarter (April 6, 2011), the Hotel Monaco Seattle (April 7, 2011), Mondrian Los Angeles (May 3, 2011), the Viceroy Miami (May 26, 2011), and W Boston (June 8, 2011). |
| Investment in unconsolidated joint venturesOn July 29, 2011, we invested $152.6 million for a 49% equity interest in the Manhattan Collection joint venture, which owns six properties in New York. |
| Senior unsecured revolving credit facilityWe amended our credit facility to allow more flexibility by converting the facility from secured to unsecured, increasing its borrowing capacity to $200 million and extending the maturity date to June 2014 while also reducing overall borrowing costs. |
37
| Mortgage loansWe received proceeds of $67.0 million by placing mortgages on the Skamania Lodge and DoubleTree by Hilton Bethesda-Washington DC. We also assumed a $42.0 million mortgage in conjunction with the purchase of the Argonaut Hotel. |
| Equity offeringsWe issued 10.9 million common shares for net proceeds of approximately $226.5 million. We also issued Series A Preferred Shares for net proceeds of approximately $136.0 million and Series B Preferred Shares for net proceeds of approximately $82.3 million. |
| RenovationsWe invested approximately $44.1 million to reposition our properties in 2011. Renovations began or were completed at the DoubleTree by Hilton Bethesda-Washington DC, The Grand Hotel Minneapolis, the Sir Francis Drake, InterContinental Buckhead, Westin Gaslamp, and Hotel Monaco Seattle. |
Recent Developments
In January 2012, we obtained a $46.0 million loan secured by our leasehold interest under the ground lease on the Monaco Washington DC. The proceeds from this loan were used to pay down the existing $35.0 million mortgage on this property and the remaining proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes. This loan has a fixed interest rate of 4.36 percent per annum and requires monthly principal and interest payments of $0.2 million through February 2017, the maturity date.
In January 2012, we repaid the $42.0 million loan on the Argonaut Hotel with $31.0 million from cash on hand and $15.0 million of borrowings from our senior unsecured revolving credit facility. In February 2012, we obtained a new $47.0 million loan secured by this property. The proceeds from this loan were used to pay down the balance on the senior unsecured revolving credit facility. This loan has a fixed interest rate of 4.25 percent per annum and requires monthly principal and interest payments of $0.3 million through March 2017, the maturity date.
In February 2012, we repaid the $56.1 million loan on the Sofitel Philadelphia hotel with borrowings from our senior unsecured revolving credit facility.
Results of Operations
Results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2011 include the operating results of the eight hotels we acquired in 2010 and the six hotels acquired in 2011 since their respective acquisition dates. The operating results of our investment in unconsolidated joint ventures is from the date of our investment, July 29, 2011, through December 31, 2011. Results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2010, include the operating activities of the eight hotels acquired in 2010 since their respective acquisition dates. We owned no hotel properties in 2009. As a result of our acquisition activities in 2010 and 2011, the results of operations during these periods are not comparable on a year-over-year basis.
Comparison of the Year ended December 31, 2011 to the Year Ended December 31, 2010
RevenuesTotal revenues increased by $230.2 million from 2010. The six hotels we acquired in 2011 contributed to approximately $102.3 million of this increase, and the balance was generated from the eight properties acquired in 2010.
ExpenseTotal expenses increased by $158.5 million from 2010. The six hotels we acquired in 2011 contributed to approximately $69.1 million of this increase, and the balance was incurred by the eight properties acquired in 2010.
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization expense increased by $25.2 million primarily as a result of the additional six hotels we acquired in 2011.
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Real estate taxes, personal property taxes and property insuranceReal estate taxes, personal property taxes and property insurance increased by $10.7 million primarily as a result of the additional six hotels we acquired in 2011.
Ground rentGround rent expense increased by $1.7 million resulting from the acquisition of the Argonaut Hotel in 2011. The Argonaut Hotel and Monaco Washington DC are subject to long-term ground leases.
Corporate general and administrativeTotal corporate general and administrative expenses increased by $3.1 million primarily as a result of increased staffing and other costs related to growth in our portfolio since 2010. Corporate general and administrative expenses consist of employee compensation costs, legal and professional fees, insurance and other expenses.
Hotel acquisition costsHotel acquisition costs decreased by $3.2 million primarily because we acquired fewer hotel properties in 2011 compared to 2010. Hotel property acquisition costs consist of legal fees, other professional fees, transfer taxes, and other direct costs associated with our acquisition of hotel investments. As a result, these costs are generally higher when properties are acquired or when we have significant ongoing acquisition activity.
Interest incomeInterest income decreased by approximately $2.2 million as a result of cash being used to acquire hotel properties resulting in a lower average cash balance as well as a decrease in interest rates on the remaining cash deposits.
Interest expenseInterest expense increased by approximately $12.0 million as we had six mortgage loans for all or part of 2011 as compared with three mortgage loans in place for all or part of 2010.
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint venturesIn July 2011, we purchased an equity interest in the Manhattan Collection joint venture and recognized $2.3 million of income for our portion of the joint ventures income for the period from July 29, 2011 (the date of our investment) to December 31, 2011.
Income tax expenseIncome tax expense increased from the prior year by approximately $0.6 million as a result of an increase in net income of our TRS.
Non-controlling interestsNon-controlling interests represent the allocation of income or loss of the Operating Partnership to the common units held by the LTIP unit holders. There was no allocation of income or loss to these unit holders in 2010 as these units did not reach parity with the common shares until April 2011.
Distributions to preferred shareholdersDistributions to preferred shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2011 were $10.4 million. We had no preferred shares outstanding in 2010.
Comparison of the Year ended December 31, 2010 to October 2, 2009 (inception) through December 31, 2009
We acquired eight properties in 2010 and the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2010 include the operating activities of the eight properties since their respective dates of acquisition. We owned no hotel properties at December 31, 2009 and earned interest income and incurred general and administrative expenses during this period.
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Hotel Operating Statistics
The following table represents the pro-forma key hotel operating statistics for our hotels for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010. This is for informational purposes only and includes the operating statistics of our hotels for periods prior to our ownership and includes the 49% of the Manhattan Collection properties held by our joint ventures.
Year ended December 31, | ||||||||
2011 | 2010 | |||||||
Total Portfolio |
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Pro forma Occupancy |
78.1% | 76.2% | ||||||
Pro forma ADR |
$ | 203.31 | $ | 188.83 | ||||
Pro forma RevPAR |
$ | 158.75 | $ | 143.96 |
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Non-GAAP financial measures are measures of our historical or future financial performance that are different from measures calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
We report FFO and EBITDA which are non-GAAP financial measures that we believe are useful to investors as key measures of our operating performance.
We calculate FFO in accordance with standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT), which defines FFO as net income (calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP), excluding depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, gains (losses) from sales of real estate, impairments of real estate assets, the cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles and adjusted for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Historical cost accounting for real estate assets implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, most industry investors consider presentations of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. By excluding the effect of depreciation and amortization and gains (losses) from sales of real estate, both of which are based on historical cost accounting and which may be of lesser significance in evaluating current performance, we believe that FFO provides investors a useful financial measure to evaluate our operating performance.
The following table reconciles net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders to FFO for the periods ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands):
Year
Ended December 31, 2011 |
Year
Ended December 31, 2010 |
From October 2, 2009 (inception) to December 31, 2009 |
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Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |
$ | 4,443 | $ | (6,642 | ) | $ | (147 | ) | ||||
Adjustments: |
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Depreciation and amortization |
30,807 | 5,698 | | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures |
3,931 | | | |||||||||
Non-controlling interests |
343 | |||||||||||
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FFO |
$ | 39,524 | $ | (944 | ) | $ | (147 | ) | ||||
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EBITDAEBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. We believe that EBITDA provides investors a useful financial measure to evaluate our operating performance, excluding the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest expense) and our asset base (primarily depreciation and amortization).
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The following table reconciles net loss to EBITDA for the periods ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands):
Year
Ended December 31, 2011 |
Year
Ended December 31, 2010 |
From October 2, 2009 (inception) to December 31, 2009 |
||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |
$ | 4,443 | $ | (6,642 | ) | $ | (147 | ) | ||||
Adjustments: |
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Interest expense |
13,653 | 1,640 | | |||||||||
Interest expense from unconsolidated joint ventures |
5,680 | | | |||||||||
Income tax (benefit) expense |
564 | (80 | ) | | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
30,945 | 5,776 | | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures |
3,931 | | | |||||||||
Non-controlling interests |
343 | | | |||||||||
Distributions to preferred shareholders |
10,413 | | | |||||||||
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EBITDA |
$ | 69,972 | $ | 694 | $ | (147 | ) | |||||
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Neither FFO nor EBITDA represent cash generated from operating activities as determined by U.S. GAAP and neither should be considered as an alternative to U.S. GAAP net income (loss), as an indication of our financial performance, or to U.S. GAAP cash flow from operating activities, as a measure of liquidity. In addition, FFO and EBITDA are not indicative of funds available to fund cash needs, including the ability to make cash distributions.
Critical Accounting Policies
We consider these policies critical because they require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain, involve various assumptions and require significant management judgment, and because they are important for understanding and evaluating our reported financial results. These judgments affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Applying different estimates or assumptions may result in materially different amounts reported in our financial statements.
Hotel Properties
Investment in Hotel Properties
Estimation and judgment is required to allocate the purchase price to elements of our acquired hotel properties. Upon acquisition, we allocate the purchase price based on the fair value of the acquired land, land improvements, building, furniture, fixtures and equipment, identifiable intangible assets or liabilities, other assets and assumed liabilities. Identifiable intangible assets or liabilities typically arise from contractual arrangement terms that are above or below market compared to an estimated market agreement at the acquisition date. We determine the acquisition-date fair values of all assets and assumed liabilities using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers (e.g., discounted cash flow analysis) and that utilize appropriate discount and/or capitalization rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions. Acquisition costs are expensed as incurred.
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Hotel renovations and/or replacements of assets that improve or extend the life of the asset are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Furniture, fixtures and equipment under capital leases are carried at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
Held for Sale
We will classify a hotel as held for sale when a binding agreement to purchase the property has been signed under which the buyer has committed a significant amount of nonrefundable cash, no significant financing contingencies exist, and the sale is expected to close within one year. If these criteria are met and if the fair value less costs to sell is lower than the carrying amount of the hotel, we will record an impairment loss and will cease recording depreciation expense. We will classify the loss, together with the related operating results, as discontinued operations on the statements of operations and classify the assets and related liabilities as held for sale on the balance sheet.
Depreciation and Amortization
Hotel properties are carried at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of 10 to 40 years for buildings, land improvements, and building improvements and one to 10 years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Intangible assets arising from contractual arrangements are typically amortized over the life of the contract.
We are required to make subjective assessments as to the useful lives and classification of our properties for purposes of determining the amount of depreciation expense to reflect each year with respect to the assets. These assessments may impact our results of operations.
Impairment
The Company reviews its investments in hotel properties for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the hotel properties may not be recoverable. Events or circumstances that may cause a review include, but are not limited to, when a hotel property experiences a current or projected loss from operations, when it becomes more likely than not that a hotel property will be sold before the end of its useful life, adverse changes in the demand for lodging at the properties due to declining national or local economic conditions and/or new hotel construction in markets where the hotels are located. When such conditions exist, the Company performs an analysis to determine if the estimated undiscounted future cash flows from operations and the proceeds from the ultimate disposition of a hotel exceed its carrying value. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an adjustment to reduce the carrying amount to the related hotels estimated fair market value is recorded and an impairment loss recognized. In the evaluation of impairment of its hotel properties, the Company makes many assumptions and estimates including projected cash flows both from operations and eventual disposition, expected useful life and holding period, future required capital expenditures, and fair values, including consideration of capitalization rates, discount rates, and comparable selling prices. We will adjust our assumptions with respect to the remaining useful life of the hotel property when circumstances changes, such as an expiring ground lease or it is more likely than not that the hotel property will be sold prior to its previously expected useful life.
Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
Judgment is required with respect to the consolidation of partnership and joint venture entities in terms of the evaluation of control, including assessment of the importance of rights and privileges of the partners based on voting rights, as well as financial interests that are not controllable through voting interests. Investments in joint ventures we do not control but which we have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. We employ the equity accounting
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method because we do not control the joint venture and are not the primary beneficiary of the joint venture pursuant to the applicable authoritative accounting guidance. We review the investment in our joint ventures for impairment in each reporting period pursuant to the applicable authoritative accounting guidance. The investment is impaired when its estimated fair value is less than the carrying amount of our investment.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue consists of amounts derived from hotel operations, including the sales of rooms, food and beverage and other ancillary amenities. Revenue is recognized when rooms are occupied and services have been rendered. These revenue sources are affected by conditions impacting the travel and hospitality industry as well as competition from other hotels and businesses in similar markets.
Share-Based Compensation
We have adopted an equity incentive plan that provides for the grant of common share options, share awards, share appreciation rights, performance units and other equity-based awards. Equity-based compensation is measured at the fair value of the award on the date of grant and recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The determination of fair value of these awards is subjective and involves significant estimates. The long-term incentive partnership (LTIP) units were valued using a Monte Carlo simulation method model, which requires a number of assumptions including expected volatility of our stock, expected dividend yield, expected term, and assumptions of whether these awards will achieve parity with other operating partnership units. We believe that the assumptions and estimates utilized are appropriate based on the information available to management at the time of grant.
Income Taxes
To qualify as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it currently distribute at least 90 percent of its adjusted taxable income to its shareholders. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on that portion of its taxable income that is currently distributed to shareholders. We may be subject to certain state and local taxes on its income and property, and to federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed taxable income. In addition, our wholly owned taxable REIT subsidiary, which leases our hotels from the Operating Partnership, is subject to federal and state income taxes. We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Valuation allowances are provided if, based upon the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In May 2011, the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (collectively the Boards) issued ASU No. 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs (ASU 2011-04). ASU 2011-04 created a uniform framework for applying fair value measurement principles for companies around the world and clarified existing guidance in U.S. GAAP. ASU 2011-04 is effective for the first reporting annual period beginning after December 15, 2011 and shall be applied prospectively. We do not expect this standard to have any material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Presentation of Comprehensive Income. This update is intended to increase the prominence of other comprehensive income in the financial statements by requiring public companies to present comprehensive income either as a single statement detailing the components of net income and total net income, the components of other comprehensive
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income and total other comprehensive income, and a total for comprehensive income or using a two statement approach including both a statement of income and a statement of comprehensive income. The option to present other comprehensive income in the statement of changes in equity has been eliminated. The amendments in this update, which should be applied retrospectively, are effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2011. Currently, we have no items of other comprehensive income in any periods presented and adoption of this standard is not expected to impact us.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by operations, existing cash balances and, if necessary, short-term borrowings under our senior unsecured revolving credit facility. Our existing cash balances will fund our operating costs in the near term. We believe that our net cash provided by operations will be adequate to fund operating requirements, pay interest on any borrowings and fund dividends in accordance with the REIT requirements of the federal income tax laws.
We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements, such as hotel property acquisitions and property redevelopment, investments in existing or new joint ventures and debt service through the net proceeds from additional issuances of common shares, issuances of preferred shares, issuances of units of limited partnership interest in our operating partnership, secured and unsecured borrowings, and cash provided by operations. The success of our business strategy may depend in part on our ability to access additional capital through issuances of debt and equity securities, which is dependent on favorable market conditions.
We strive to maintain prudent debt leverage and intend to opportunistically enhance our capital position and extend our debt maturities in the current low interest rate environment.
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
We have a $200 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility to fund acquisitions, property redevelopments, return on investment initiatives and general business needs. As of December 31, 2011, we had no outstanding borrowings under this credit facility. We intend to repay indebtedness incurred, if any, under our senior unsecured revolving credit facility from time to time out of cash flows from operations and from the net proceeds of issuances of additional equity and debt securities, as market conditions permit. During 2011, we borrowed $42.0 million under this credit facility and we repaid this amount in September 2011. The weighted-average interest rate on our credit facility borrowings was 3.2%.
Interest is paid on the periodic advances, if any, under the senior unsecured revolving credit facility at varying rates, based upon either LIBOR or the alternate base rate, plus an additional margin amount. The interest rate depends upon our leverage ratio pursuant to the provisions of the credit facility agreement.
Mortgage Debt
As of December 31, 2011, we had six hotels that were secured by mortgage debt. Substantially all of our mortgage debt is recourse solely to specific assets, except in instances of fraud, misapplication of funds and other customary recourse provisions. Our mortgage debt contains certain property specific covenants and restrictions, including minimum debt service coverage ratios that may trigger cash trap provisions as well as restrictions on incurring additional property specific debt without lender consent. If triggered, these provisions will reduce our liquidity. As of December 31, 2011, our aggregate mortgage debt had a weighted-average interest rate of 4.5% and a weighted-average maturity of 1.9 years.
In January 2012, we obtained a $46.0 million loan secured by our leasehold interest under the ground lease on the Monaco Washington DC hotel. The proceeds from this loan were used to pay down the existing $35.0 million mortgage on this property and the remaining will be used for general corporate purpose. This loan has a fixed interest rate of 4.36 percent per annum and requires monthly principal and interest payments of $0.2 million through February 2017, the maturity date.
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In January 2012, we repaid the $42.0 million loan on the Argonaut Hotel with $31.0 million from cash on hand and $11.0 million from our senior unsecured revolving credit facility. In February 2012, we obtained a new $47.0 million loan secured by this property. The proceeds from this loan were used to partially pay down the balance on the senior unsecured revolving credit facility. This loan has a fixed interest rate of 4.25 percent per annum and requires monthly principal and interest payments of $0.3 million through March 2017, the maturity date.
In February 2012, we repaid the $56.1 million loan on the Sofitel Philadelphia hotel with borrowings from our senior unsecured revolving credit facility.
For a discussion of our unconsolidated joint ventures indebtedness, see Off Balance Sheet Arrangements Joint Venture Indebtedness.
Sources and Uses of Cash
Our principal sources of cash are cash from operations, borrowings under mortgage financings, draws on our senior unsecured revolving credit facility and the proceeds from offerings of our common and preferred shares. Our principal uses of cash are property acquisitions, debt service, capital investments, operating costs, corporate expenses and dividends.
Cash From Operations. Our cash provided by operating activities was $48.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. Our cash from operations includes the operating activities of the 14 wholly owned hotels. Our cash provided by operating activities was $3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. Our cash from operations for 2010 includes the operating activities of the eight hotels we acquired during 2010. Our operating activities for the period ended December 31, 2009 were insignificant as we did not own any hotel properties during 2009.
Cash Used in Investing Activities. Our cash used in investing activities was $681.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. We used $467.1 million to acquire six hotels, incurred capital investments of $40.5 million at our hotels, invested $169.4 million for an equity interest in an unconsolidated joint venture and had an increase in restricted cash of $4.6 million. Our cash used in investing activities was $460.1 million and $70.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2010, we used $518.7 million to acquire eight hotels, incurred capital expenditures of $3.3 million at our hotels, placed a deposit of $5.0 million on one property which we acquired during the first quarter of 2011, had an increase in restricted cash of $2.6 million and used $0.5 million to purchase corporate fixed assets. In 2009, we invested $70 million in certificates of deposits.
Cash From Financing Activities. $478.6 million of cash was provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2011, which consisted of $236.0 million of proceeds received from our public offering of approximately 10.9 million common shares and $225.2 million of proceeds received from our offerings of preferred shares, both of which were offset by an aggregate of approximately $17.2 million in underwriting discounts and offering-related costs. We borrowed $42.0 million from our senior unsecured revolving credit facility and repaid that amount in September 2011. We also received $67.0 million of proceeds from the mortgage debt placed on the Skamania Lodge and DoubleTree by Hilton Bethesda-Washington DC hotels and paid $28.8 million in distributions during the period. Approximately $358.3 million of cash was provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2010, which consisted of $332.4 million of gross proceeds received from our follow-on public offering of common shares which were offset by $23.4 million in underwriting discounts and offering-related costs, and $52.5 million of proceeds from the mortgage debt placed on the InterContinental Buckhead, which were offset by the payment of $3.1 million of fees associated with our debt financings. For the year ended December 31, 2009, we received net proceeds of $389.1 million from the initial public offering and concurrent private placement of our common shares.
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Capital Investments
We intend to maintain all of our hotels, including those we acquire in the future, in good repair and condition and in conformity with applicable laws and regulations and in accordance with the franchisors standards and the agreed-upon requirements in our management agreements. Routine capital investments will be administered by the hotel management companies. However, we maintain approval rights over the capital investments as part of the annual budget process and as otherwise required from time to time.
From time to time, certain of our hotel properties may undergo renovations as a result of our decision to upgrade portions of the hotels, such as guestrooms, meeting space and or restaurants, in order to better compete with other hotels in our markets. In addition, after we acquire a hotel property, we may be required by the franchisor to complete a property improvement plan (PIP) in order to bring the hotel property up to the franchisors or brands standards. Generally, we expect to fund the renovation with available cash or borrowings under our senior unsecured revolving credit facility.
In 2011, we invested approximately $44.1 million on capital investments and capital maintenance to reposition our properties. We expect to invest approximately between $45.0 million and $55.0 million on capital investments in 2012.
Contractual Obligations
The table below summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2011, and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods (in thousands):
Payments Due by Period | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total | Less than 1 Year |
1 to 3 Years |
3 to 5 Years |
More than 5 Years |
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Mortgage debt(1) |
$ | 276,886 | $ | 141,659 | $ | 15,657 | $ | 119,570 | $ | | ||||||||||
Ground leases(2) |
66,123 | 1,380 | 2,760 | 2,760 | 59,223 | |||||||||||||||
Purchase commitments(3) |
14,133 | 14,133 | | | | |||||||||||||||
Corporate office lease |
799 | 270 | 529 | | ||||||||||||||||
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Total |
$ | 357,941 | $ | 157,442 | $ | 18,946 | $ | 122,330 | $ | 59,223 | ||||||||||
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(1) | Amounts include interest expense. |
(2) | The long-term ground leases for the Monaco Washington DC and Argonaut Hotel provide for the greater of base or percentage rent, adjusted for CPI increases. The table shows base rent for all periods presented and does not include assumptions for percentage rent or CPI adjustments. |
(3) | These represent purchase orders and contracts that have been executed for renovation projects at our hotel properties. We are committed to these purchase orders and contracts and anticipate making similar arrangements in the future with our existing properties or any properties that we may acquire in the future. |
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements Unconsolidated Joint Ventures Indebtedness
We have a 49% equity interest in the Manhattan Collection joint ventures, which owns six properties in New York City that have mortgage debt secured by these properties. We exercise significant influence over, but do not control, these entities and therefore they are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. As of December 31, 2011, the aggregate debt of the joint venture was $581.0 million. We are not guarantors of the joint venture debt except for limited customary carve-outs related to fraud or misapplication of funds. The joint venture mortgage debt matures in February 2013. We and our joint venture partner intend to refinance this debt at or prior to maturity, however, there can be no assurance we will be able to re-finance the debt on attractive terms, if at all. In addition, in order to maintain our existing ownership interests, we may need to invest additional equity into the joint venture in connection with such refinancing.
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Inflation
We rely on the performance of the hotels to increase revenues to keep pace with inflation. Our hotel operators possess the ability to adjust room rates daily, except for group or corporate rates contractually committed to in advance, although competitive pressures may limit the ability of our operators to raise rates faster than inflation or even at the same rate.
Derivative Instruments
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to the effects of interest rate changes. We may enter into derivative instruments including interest rate swaps, caps and collars to manage or hedge interest rate risk. Derivative instruments are subject to fair value reporting at each reporting date and the increase or decrease in fair value is recorded in net income (loss) or accumulated other comprehensive income, based on the applicable hedge accounting guidance. As of December 31, 2011, we have an interest rate cap in connection with the mortgage debt assumed with the acquisition of the Sofitel Philadelphia hotel. This interest rate cap was not designated as a hedging instrument and, as such, changes in the fair value of the instrument have been recorded in our statement of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, the interest rate cap had an immaterial effect on our statement of operations. We did not utilize any derivative instruments during the year ended December 31, 2009.
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. |
Interest Rate Sensitivity
The table below provides information about financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates, including mortgage obligations, bonds and lines of credit. For debt obligations, the table presents scheduled maturities and related weighted-average interest rates by expected maturity dates (dollars in thousands).
2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
Fixed Rate Debt |
$ | 78,668 | $ | 1,775 | $ | 1,870 | $ | 1,969 | $ | 111,187 | $ | 195,469 | ||||||||||||
Weighted-Average Interest Rate |
5.66 | % | 5.13 | % | 5.14 | % | 5.14 | % | 5.15 | % | 5.36 | % | ||||||||||||
Variable Rate Debt |
$ | 56,070 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 56,070 | ||||||||||||
Weighted-Average Interest Rate |
1.57 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 1.57 | % | ||||||||||||
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Total |
$ | 134,738 | $ | 1,775 | $ | 1,870 | $ | 1,969 | $ | 111,187 | $ | 251,539 | ||||||||||||
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The table above presents the principal amount of debt maturing each year, including annual amortization of principal, through December 31, 2016 and thereafter and weighted-average interest rates for the debt maturing in each specified period. This table reflects indebtedness outstanding as of December 31, 2011 and does not reflect indebtedness, if any, incurred after that date. Our ultimate exposure to interest rate fluctuations depends on the amount of indebtedness that bears interest at variable rates, the time at which the interest rate is adjusted, the amount of adjustment, the ability to prepay or refinance variable rate indebtedness and hedging strategies used to reduce the impact of any increases in rates. As of December 31, 2011, the estimated fair value of our fixed rate mortgage debt was $195.1 million. We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates. We seek to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows and to lower the overall borrowing costs by closely monitoring our variable rate debt and converting such debt to fixed rates when we deem such conversion advantageous. As of December 31, 2011, the $56.1 million mortgage debt on the Sofitel Philadelphia was subject to variable interest rates. We repaid the entire balance of this mortgage loan in February 2012.
If market rates of interest on our variable rate long-term debt at December 31, 2011 fluctuate by 0.25%, interest expense would increase or decrease, depending on rate movement, future earnings and cash flows by approximately $0.1 million annually. This assumes that the amount outstanding under our variable rate debt remains at $56.1 million, the balance as of December 31, 2011.
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Item 8. | Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. |
See Financial Statements and index beginning on page F-1.
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. |
None.
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures. |
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, these disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Managements Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2011.
We acquired the Viceroy Miami hotel on May 26, 2011 and the W Boston hotel on June 8, 2011 and have excluded from our assessment of effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011 the internal controls over financial reporting of these hotels, which had an aggregate of $129.5 million in total assets and $28.0 million in total revenues as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011.
KPMG LLP, a registered independent accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and, as part of its audit, has issued its report, included herein on page F-3, on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.
There was no change to our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2011 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. | Other Information. |
None.
48
PART III
Item 10. | Trustees, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. |
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Companys Proxy Statement for the 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
Item 11. | Executive Compensation. |
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Companys Proxy Statement for the 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters. |
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Companys Proxy Statement for the 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Trustee Independence. |
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Companys Proxy Statement for the 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services. |
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Companys Proxy Statement for the 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
49
PART IV
Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules. |
1. Financial Statements
Included herein at pages F-1 through F-25
2. Financial Statement Schedules
The following financial statement schedule is included herein at pages F-26 through F-27.
Schedule IIIReal Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
All other schedules for which provision is made in Regulation S-X are either not required to be included herein under the related instructions or are inapplicable or the related information is included in the footnotes to the applicable financial statement and, therefore, have been omitted from this Item 15.
3. Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
Exhibit Number |
Description of Exhibit | |
3.1 |
Declaration of Trust, as amended and supplemented, of the Registrant. | |
3.2 |
Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-11 filed on July 13, 2010 (File No. 333-168078)). | |
3.3 |
First Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P., as amended. | |
10.1* |
Pebblebrook Hotel Trust 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-11 filed on July 13, 2010 (File No. 333-168078)). | |
10.2* |
Change in Control Severance Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Jon E. Bortz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.3* |
Change in Control Severance Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Raymond D. Martz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.4* |
Change in Control Severance Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Thomas C. Fisher (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.5* |
Form of Indemnification Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and its officers and trustees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of Amendment No. 1 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-11/A, filed by the Registrant on November 10, 2009 (File No. 333-162412)). | |
10.6* |
Form of Share Award Agreement for officers and employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-11/A filed on November 25, 2009 (File No. 333-162412)). | |
10.7* |
Share Award Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Jon E. Bortz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 16, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). |
50
Exhibit Number |
Description of Exhibit | |
10.8* |
Share Award Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Raymond D. Martz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 16, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.9* |
Share Award Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Thomas C. Fisher (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 16, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.10* |
Form of Share Award Agreement for trustees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-11/A filed on November 25, 2009 (File No. 333-162412)). | |
10.11* |
LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Jon E. Bortz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.12* |
LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Raymond D. Martz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.13* |
LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Thomas C. Fisher (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.14 |
Lease, dated December 1, 1999, by and between the United States of America, acting through the Administrator of General Services, and Tariff Building Associates, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 13, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.15 |
Assignment and Assumption of GSA Lease, by and among the United States of America, acting by and through the Administrator of General Services and Authorized Representatives, Tariff Building Associates, L.P., and Jayhawk Owner LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 13, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.16 |
Promissory Note by Tariff Building Associates, L.P. in favor of Wachovia Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 13, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.17 |
Assumption Agreement, by and among Bank of America, N.A., as successor to Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as trustee for the registered holders of COBALT CMBS Commercial Mortgage Trust 2007-C2, Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-C2, Tariff Building Associates, L.P., Kimpton Development Opportunity Fund, L.P., Jayhawk Owner LLC, and Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 13, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.18 |
Deed of Trust, Security Agreement, Assignment of Rents and Fixtures Filing dated as of February 23, 2007 by and among Tariff Building Associates, L.P., as borrower, First American Title Insurance Company, as Trustee for the benefit of Wachovia Bank, National Association, as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 13, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.19 |
Promissory Note by South 17th Street OwnerCo, LLC in favor of Greenwich Capital Financial Products, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). |
51
Exhibit Number |
Description of Exhibit | |
10.20 |
Loan Agreement dated as of January 5, 2007, between South 17th Street OwnerCo, LLC, as borrower, and Greenwich Capital Financial Products, Inc., as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.21 |
Credit Agreement, dated as of July 8, 2010, among Pebblebrook Hotel Trust, Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P., as borrower, the other guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, Banc of America Securities LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as joint lead arrangers and joint book runners, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as syndication agent, and U.S. Bank National Association, as co-documentation agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 9, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)) (This agreement was amended and restated in June 2011; See Exhibit 10.41 below). | |
10.22 |
Membership Interest Purchase Agreement by and among Platinum OwnerCo, LLC, Platinum LeaseCo, LLC, and South 17th Street IntermezzCo, LLC, as the Seller Parties, and Spartans Owner, LLC and Spartans Lessee, LLC, as the Purchaser Parties, dated as of October 13, 2010, for the Sofitel Philadelphia (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.23 |
Second Amendment to Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated November 15, 2010, by and among Platinum OwnerCo, LLC, Platinum LeaseCo, LLC, South 17th Street IntermezzCo, LLC, Spartans Owner, LLC and Spartans Lessee, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.24 |
Third Amendment to Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated November 30, 2010, by and among Platinum OwnerCo, LLC, Platinum LeaseCo, LLC, South 17th Street IntermezzCo, LLC, Spartans Owner, LLC and Spartans Lessee, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.25 |
Loan Agreement, between Orangemen Owner LLC, as Borrower, and Goldman Sachs Commercial Mortgage Capital, L.P., as Lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 15, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.26 |
Purchase and Sale Agreement of the Sheraton Delfina Santa Monica Hotel (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 23, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.27 |
First Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement by and between 615 2nd Avenue SouthMinneapolis LLC and Gator Owner LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 23, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.28 |
Purchase and Sale Agreement between Maritime Hotel Associates, L.P. and Wildcats Owner LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 23, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.29 |
Loan Agreement, between Terrapins Owner LLC, as Borrower, and UBS Real Estate Securities Inc., as Lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 7, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.30 |
Loan Agreement, dated as of January 21, 2011, between Tar Heel Borrower LLC, as Borrower, Tar Heel Owner LLC, as Maryland Guarantor, and Goldman Sachs Commercial Mortgage Capital, L.P., as Lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). |
52
Exhibit Number |
Description of Exhibit | |
10.31 |
Historical Lease, dated October 16, 2000, by and between the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service acting through the Regional Director, Pacific West Region, an agency of the United States of America, and Maritime Hotel Associates, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.32 |
Seventh Amendment to Historic Lease, dated February 6, 2001, by and between the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service acting through the Regional Director, Pacific West Region, an agency of the United States of America, and Maritime Hotel Associates, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.33 |
Tenth Amendment to Historic Lease, dated December 9, 2008, by and between the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service acting through the Regional Director, Pacific West Region, an agency of the United States of America, and Maritime Hotel Associates, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.34 |
Eleventh Amendment to Historic Lease, dated February 16, 2011, by and between the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service acting through the Regional Director, Pacific West Region, an agency of the United States of America, and Wildcats Owner LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.35 |
Assignment and Assumption of Historical Lease, by and among the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service acting through the Regional Director, Pacific West Region, an Agency of the United States of America, Maritime Hotel Associates, L.P., and Wildcats Owner LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.36 |
Promissory Note by Maritime Hotel Associates, L.P. in favor of Wachovia Bank, National Association. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.37 |
Assumption Agreement, by and among Bank of America, N.A., as successor to Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as Trustee for the registered holders of COBALT CMBS Commercial Mortgage Trust 2007-C2, Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-C2, Maritime Hotel Associates, L.P., Kimpton Development Opportunity Fund, L.P., Wildcats Owner LLC, and Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.38 |
Deed of Trust, Security Agreement, Assignment of Rents and Fixtures Filing dated as of February 23, 2007 by and among Maritime Hotel Associates, L.P., as borrower, to First American Title Insurance Company, as Trustee for the benefit of Wachovia Bank, National Association, as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.39 |
Purchase and Sale Agreement by and between Starwood CMBS I, LLC, as seller, and Bruins Owner LLC, as purchaser, dated as of March 22, 2011, for The Westin Gaslamp, San Diego (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on March 31, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.40 |
Purchase and Sale Agreement between Mondrian Holdings LLC, as seller, and Wolverines Owner LLC, as purchaser (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 2, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). |
53
Exhibit Number |
Description of Exhibit | |
10.41 |
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 3, 2011, among Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P., as borrower, Pebblebrook Hotel Trust, as the parent REIT and a guarantor, certain subsidiaries of the borrower, as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party hereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 2, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.42 |
Contribution Agreement by and among Denihan Ownership Company, LLC, Denihan Mezz Holding Company, LLC and Cardinals Owner LLC, dated as of June 20, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 24, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.43 |
Form of Operating Agreement of DP Holding Company, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 24, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.44 |
Second Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of DP Fee Holding Co., LLC, dated July 29, 2011 (supersedes Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 4, 2011) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on September 28, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.45 |
Operating Agreement of DP Lease Holding, LLC, dated July 29, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 4, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.46 |
Purchase and Sale Agreement between Mondrian Holdings LLC, as seller, and Wolverines Owner LLC, as purchaser (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 2, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.47 |
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 3, 2011, among Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P., as borrower, Pebblebrook Hotel Trust, as the parent REIT and a guarantor, certain subsidiaries of the borrower, as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party hereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 2, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
12.1 |
Statement of Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Share Dividends. | |
21.1 |
List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant. | |
23.1 |
Consent of KPMG LLP. | |
23.2 |
Consent of PKF OConnor Davies, A Division of OConnor Davies, LLP. | |
31.1 |
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
31.2 |
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
32.1 |
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
32.2 |
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
99.1 |
Audited combined financial statements of DP Fee Holding Co., LLC and DP Lease Holding, LLC. |
54
Exhibit Number |
Description of Exhibit | |
101.INS XBRL |
Instance Document(1) | |
101.SCH XBRL |
Taxonomy Extension Schema Document(1) | |
101.CAL XBRL |
Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document(1) | |
101.LAB XBRL |
Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document(1) | |
101.DEF XBRL |
Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document(1) | |
101.PRE XBRL |
Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document(1) |
* | Management agreement or compensatory plan or arrangement. |
| Filed electronically herewith. |
(1) | Users of this data are advised pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T that this interactive data file is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections. |
55
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
PEBBLEBROOK HOTEL TRUST | ||
By: | /s/ JON E. BORTZ | |
Jon E. Bortz | ||
Chairman, President and and Chief Executive Officer |
Date: February 21, 2012
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signatures |
Title |
Date | ||
/s/ JON E. BORTZ Jon E. Bortz |
Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) |
February 21, 2012 | ||
/s/ RAYMOND D. MARTZ Raymond D. Martz |
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) |
February 21, 2012 | ||
/s/ CYDNEY C. DONNELL Cydney C. Donnell |
Trustee |
February 21, 2012 | ||
/s/ RON E. JACKSON Ron E. Jackson |
Trustee |
February 21, 2012 | ||
/s/ PHILLIP M. MILLER Phillip M. Miller |
Trustee |
February 21, 2012 | ||
/s/ MICHAEL J. SCHALL Michael J. Schall |
Trustee |
February 21, 2012 | ||
/s/ EARL E. WEBB Earl E. Webb |
Trustee |
February 21, 2012 | ||
/s/ LAURA H. WRIGHT Laura H. Wright |
Trustee |
February 21, 2012 |
56
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page No. |
||||
F-2 | ||||
F-5 | ||||
F-6 | ||||
F-7 | ||||
F-8 | ||||
F-9 | ||||
F-26 |
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Shareholders and Board of Trustees
Pebblebrook Hotel Trust:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders equity, and cash flows for each of the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the period from October 2, 2009 (inception) to December 31, 2009. In connection with our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we also have audited financial statement schedule III. These consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Pebblebrook Hotel Trust as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the period from October 2, 2009 (inception) to December 31, 2009, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Pebblebrook Hotel Trusts internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 21, 2012, expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ KPMG LLP |
McLean, Virginia |
February 21, 2012 |
F-2
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Shareholders and Board of Trustees
Pebblebrook Hotel Trust:
We have audited Pebblebrook Hotel Trusts (Pebblebrook) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Pebblebrooks management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Managements Report on Internal Control of Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Companys internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Pebblebrook Hotel Trust maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
During 2011, Pebblebrook acquired six hotel assets in separate transactions. Management has excluded from its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, the internal control over financial reporting for the operations of two of their hotels (acquisition dates May 26, 2011 and June 8, 2011) comprising hotel level assets and liabilities of $129.5 million and $6.9 million, respectively, and hotel revenues and expenses of $28.0 million and $22.0 million, respectively, included in the consolidated balance sheet and statement of operations as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of Pebblebrook also excluded an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting for the hotel level assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses.
F-3
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders equity, and cash flows for each of the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the period from October 2, 2009 to December 31, 2009, and our report dated February 21, 2012 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
/s/ KPMG LLP |
McLean, Virginia |
February 21, 2012 |
F-4
Pebblebrook Hotel Trust
(In thousands, except share and per-share data)
December 31, 2011 |
December 31, 2010 |
|||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||
Investment in hotel properties, net |
$ | 1,127,484 | $ | 599,714 | ||||
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures |
171,765 | | ||||||
Ground lease asset, net |
10,502 | 10,721 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
65,684 | 220,722 | ||||||
Restricted cash |
9,469 | 4,485 | ||||||
Hotel receivables (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $71 and $13 respectively) |
11,312 | 3,924 | ||||||
Deferred financing costs, net |
3,487 | 2,718 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets |
16,929 | 13,231 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total assets |
$ | 1,416,632 | $ | 855,515 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY | ||||||||
Senior unsecured revolving credit facility |
$ | | $ | | ||||
Mortgage debt |
251,539 | 143,570 | ||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
33,333 | 15,799 | ||||||
Advance deposits |
4,380 | 2,482 | ||||||
Accrued interest |
1,000 | 304 | ||||||
Distribution payable |
10,032 | 4,908 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities |
300,284 | 167,063 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11) |
||||||||
Shareholders equity: |
||||||||
Preferred shares of beneficial interest, $.01 par value (liquidation preference of $225,000 at December 31, 2011), 100,000,000 shares authorized; 9,000,000 and 0 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2011 and at December 31, 2010, respectively |
90 | | ||||||
Common shares of beneficial interest, $.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 50,769,024 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2011 and 39,814,760 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2010, respectively |
508 | 398 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
1,142,905 | 698,100 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit and distributions |
(30,252 | ) | (11,586 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total shareholders equity |
1,113,251 | 686,912 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Non-controlling interests |
3,097 | 1,540 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total equity |
1,116,348 | 688,452 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities and equity |
$ | 1,416,632 | $ | 855,515 | ||||
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-5
Pebblebrook Hotel Trust
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except share and per-share data)
Year
Ended December 31, 2011 |
Year
Ended December 31, 2010 |
From October 2, 2009 (inception) to December 31, 2009 |
||||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||
Room |
$ | 177,479 | $ | 32,804 | $ | | ||||||
Food and beverage |
92,898 | 21,984 | | |||||||||
Other operating department |
17,610 | 2,973 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total revenues |
287,987 | 57,761 | | |||||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||||||
Hotel operating expenses: |
||||||||||||
Room |
47,570 | 9,718 | | |||||||||
Food and beverage |
65,783 | 15,113 | | |||||||||
Other direct |
8,353 | 1,288 | | |||||||||
Other indirect |
79,648 | 16,724 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total hotel operating expenses |
201,354 | 42,843 | | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
30,945 | 5,776 | | |||||||||
Real estate taxes, personal property taxes and property insurance |
12,895 | 2,220 | | |||||||||
Ground rent |
1,814 | 124 | | |||||||||
General and administrative |
11,460 | 8,319 | 262 | |||||||||
Hotel acquisition costs |
3,392 | 6,581 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total operating expenses |
261,860 | 65,863 | 262 | |||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
26,127 | (8,102 | ) | (262 | ) | |||||||
Interest income |
868 | 3,020 | 115 | |||||||||
Interest expense |
(13,653 | ) | (1,640 | ) | | |||||||
Other |
85 | | | |||||||||
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures |
2,336 | | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
15,763 | (6,722 | ) | (147 | ) | |||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit |
(564 | ) | 80 | | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net income (loss) |
15,199 | (6,642 | ) | (147 | ) | |||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests |
343 | | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |
14,856 | (6,642 | ) | (147 | ) | |||||||
Distributions to preferred shareholders |
(10,413 | ) | | | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |
$ | 4,443 | $ | (6,642 | ) | $ | (147 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net income (loss) per share available to common shareholders, basic and diluted |
$ | 0.08 | $ | (0.23 | ) | $ | (0.04 | ) | ||||
Weighted-average number of common shares, basic |
47,921,200 | 28,669,851 | 4,011,198 | |||||||||
Weighted-average number of common shares, diluted |
47,966,307 | 28,669,851 | 4,011,198 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-6
Pebblebrook Hotel Trust
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per-share data)
Preferred Shares | Common Shares | Additional Paid-In Capital |
Accumulated Deficit and Distributions |
Total Shareholders Equity |
Non-Controlling Interest |
Total Equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at October 2, 2009 (inception) |
| $ | | 1,000 | $ | | $ | 1 | $ | | $ | 1 | $ | | $ | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of outstanding shares |
| | (1,000 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (1 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common shares, net of offering costs in connection with the initial public offering and concurrent private placement |
| | 20,260,000 | 203 | 379,365 | | 379,568 | | 379,568 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation, net |
| | | | 5 | | 5 | 74 | 79 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
| | | | | (147 | ) | (147 | ) | | (147 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2009 |
| $ | | 20,260,000 | $ | 203 | $ | 379,370 | $ | (147 | ) | $ | 379,426 | $ | 74 | $ | 379,500 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common shares, net of offering costs in connection with the follow-on offering |
| $ | | 19,550,000 | $ | 195 | $ | 318,253 | $ | | $ | 318,448 | $ | | $ | 318,448 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common shares for Board of Trustee compensation |
| | 590 | | 12 | | 12 | | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation |
| | 4,170 | | 465 | | 465 | 1,577 | 2,042 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions on common shares/units |
| | | | | (4,797 | ) | (4,797 | ) | (111 | ) | (4,908 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
| | | | | (6,642 | ) | (6,642 | ) | | (6,642 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2010 |
| $ | | 39,814,760 | $ | 398 | $ | 698,100 | $ | (11,586 | ) | $ | 686,912 | $ | 1,540 | $ | 688,452 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of shares, net of offering costs |
9,000,000 | 90 | 10,925,000 | 110 | 443,688 | | 443,888 | | 443,888 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common shares for Board of Trustee compensation |
| | 8,886 | | 182 | | 182 | | 182 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of common shares |
| | (6,496 | ) | | (140 | ) | | (140 | ) | | (140 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation |
| | 26,874 | | 1,075 | | 1,075 | 1,579 | 2,654 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions on common shares/units |
| | | | | (23,109 | ) | (23,109 | ) | (446 | ) | (23,555 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions on preferred shares |
| | | | | (10,413 | ) | (10,413 | ) | (14 | ) | (10,427 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net contribution from non-controlling interests |
| | | | | | | 95 | 95 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
| | | | | 14,856 | 14,856 | 343 | 15,199 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2011 |
9,000,000 | $ | 90 | 50,769,024 | $ | 508 | $ | 1,142,905 | $ | (30,252 | ) | $ | 1,113,251 | $ | 3,097 | $ | 1,116,348 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-7
Pebblebrook Hotel Trust
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
Year
Ended December 31, 2011 |
Year
Ended December 31, 2010 |
From October 2, 2009 (inception) to December 31, 2009 |
||||||||||
Operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 15,199 | $ | (6,642 | ) | $ | (147 | ) | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
30,945 | 5,776 | | |||||||||
Share-based compensation |
2,654 | 2,042 | 79 | |||||||||
Amortization of deferred financing costs |
1,555 | 415 | | |||||||||
Amortization of ground lease |
219 | 69 | | |||||||||
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures |
(2,336 | ) | | | ||||||||
Other |
225 | 80 | | |||||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities: |
||||||||||||
Restricted cash, net |
(408 | ) | (1,886 | ) | | |||||||
Hotel receivables |
(6,426 | ) | (2,712 | ) | | |||||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets |
(4,481 | ) | (4,192 | ) | (284 | ) | ||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
10,715 | 10,491 | 371 | |||||||||
Advance deposits |
215 | 13 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
48,076 | 3,454 | 19 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Investing activities: |
||||||||||||
Acquisition of hotel properties |
(467,135 | ) | (518,730 | ) | | |||||||
Improvements and additions to hotel properties |
(40,468 | ) | (3,307 | ) | | |||||||
Contributions to joint ventures |
(169,430 | ) | | | ||||||||
Deposit on hotel property |
| (5,000 | ) | | ||||||||
Redemption (purchase) of certificates of deposits |
| 70,000 | (70,000 | ) | ||||||||
Purchase of corporate office equipment, computer software, and furniture |
(148 | ) | (497 | ) | | |||||||
Restricted cash, net |
(4,576 | ) | (2,600 | ) | | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(681,757 | ) | (460,134 | ) | (70,000 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Financing activities: |
||||||||||||
Gross proceeds from issuance of common shares |
235,980 | 332,350 | 405,200 | |||||||||
Gross proceeds from issuance of preferred shares |
225,150 | | | |||||||||
Payment of offering costs common and preferred shares |
(17,243 | ) | (23,434 | ) | (16,100 | ) | ||||||
Payment of deferred financing costs |
(2,324 | ) | (3,133 | ) | | |||||||
Contributions from non-controlling interests |
95 | | | |||||||||
Borrowings under senior unsecured revolving credit facility |
42,000 | | | |||||||||
Repayments under senior unsecured revolving credit facility |
(42,000 | ) | | | ||||||||
Proceeds from mortgage debt |
67,000 | 52,500 | | |||||||||
Repayments of mortgage debt |
(1,031 | ) | | | ||||||||
Repurchase of common shares |
(140 | ) | | | ||||||||
Distributions common shares/units |
(22,244 | ) | | | ||||||||
Distributions preferred shares |
(6,600 | ) | | | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
478,643 | 358,283 | 389,100 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |
(155,038 | ) | (98,397 | ) | 319,119 | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year |
220,722 | 319,119 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year |
$ | 65,684 | $ | 220,722 | $ | 319,119 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-8
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION
Pebblebrook Hotel Trust (the Company) was formed as a Maryland real estate investment trust on October 2, 2009 to opportunistically acquire and invest in hotel properties located primarily in major United States cities, with an emphasis on major coastal markets. On December 14, 2009, the Company raised $379.6 million, net of underwriting discounts and offering costs, in an initial public offering and concurrent private placement of common shares of beneficial interest (common shares). The Company had no business activity prior to the initial public offering.
As of December 31, 2011, the Company owned interests in 20 hotels, including 14 wholly owned hotels, with a total of 3,812 guest rooms and a 49% joint venture interest in six hotels with 1,733 guest rooms. The hotels are located in the following markets: Atlanta (Buckhead), Georgia; Bethesda, Maryland; Boston, Massachusetts; Miami, Florida; Minneapolis, Minnesota; New York, New York; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; San Diego, California; San Francisco, California; Santa Monica, California; Seattle, Washington; Stevenson, Washington; Washington, D.C. and West Hollywood California.
Substantially all of the Companys assets are held by, and all of the operations are conducted through, Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P., (the Operating Partnership). The Company is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company owned 98.2 percent and 100 percent, respectively, of the common limited partnership interests issued by the Operating Partnership (common units). The remaining 1.8 percent and zero percent of the common units issued by the Operating Partnership were owned by the other limited partners of the Operating Partnership at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. For the Company to qualify as a real estate investment trust (REIT) under the Internal Revenue Code, it cannot operate the hotels it owns. Therefore, its Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries lease the hotel properties to subsidiaries of Pebblebrook Hotel Lessee, Inc. (collectively, PHL), the Companys taxable REIT subsidiary (TRS), which in turn engages third-party eligible independent contractors to manage the hotels. PHL is consolidated into the Companys financial statements.
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The Company and its subsidiaries are separate legal entities and maintain records and books of account separate and apart from each other. The consolidated financial statements include all of the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries and are presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (which is referred to as GAAP). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Investments in entities that the Company does not control, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies, are accounted for under the equity method.
Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior periods financial statements to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported results of operations or retained earnings.
The Companys comprehensive income (loss) equals its net income (loss) available to common shareholders and the Company had no items classified in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the periods ended December 31, 2011 and 2010.
F-9
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and certain disclosures, including disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates are prepared using managements best judgment, after considering past, current and expected events and economic conditions. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Risks and Uncertainties
The state of the overall economy can significantly impact hotel operational performance and thus, impact the Companys financial position. Should any of the hotels experience a significant decline in operational performance, it may affect the Companys ability to make distributions to our shareholders and service debt or meet other financial obligations.
Fair Value Measurements
The Companys financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and mortgage debt. Due to their short maturities, the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value.
The Company estimates the fair value of its fixed rate debt and the credit spreads over variable market rates on its variable rate debt by discounting the future cash flows of each instrument at estimated market rates or credit spreads consistent with the maturity of the debt obligation with similar credit policies. Credit spreads take into consideration general market conditions and maturity. As of December 31, 2011, the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Companys debt was $251.5 million and $251.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2010, the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Companys debt was $143.6 million and $143.9 million, respectively.
The Company performs the fair value measurement on its interest rate cap using level 2 inputs on a recurring basis. The fair value of the derivative is inconsequential. Because there was no impairment indicated for any non-financial assets during the periods presented, no non-financial assets were subject to measurement on a non-recurring basis.
Investment in Hotel Properties
Upon acquisition of hotel properties, the Company allocates the purchase price based on the fair value of the acquired land, land improvements, building, furniture, fixtures and equipment, identifiable intangible assets or liabilities, other assets and assumed liabilities. Identifiable intangible assets or liabilities typically arise from contractual arrangement terms that are above or below market compared to an estimated market agreement at the acquisition date. Acquisition-date fair values of assets and assumed liabilities are determined based on replacement costs, appraised values, and estimated fair values using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers and that use appropriate discount and/or capitalization rates and available market information.
Acquisition costs are expensed as incurred.
Hotel renovations and replacements of assets that improve or extend the life of the asset are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Furniture, fixtures and equipment under capital leases are carried at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
F-10
Hotel properties are carried at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of 10 to 40 years for buildings, land improvements, and building improvements and one to 10 years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the useful lives of the related assets. Intangible assets arising from contractual arrangements are typically amortized over the life of the contract. The Company is required to make subjective assessments as to the useful lives and classification of properties for purposes of determining the amount of depreciation expense to reflect each year with respect to the assets. These assessments may impact the Companys results of operations.
The Company reviews its investments in hotel properties for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the hotel properties may not be recoverable. Events or circumstances that may cause a review include, but are not limited to, when a hotel property experiences a current or projected loss from operations, when it becomes more likely than not that a hotel property will be sold before the end of its useful life, adverse changes in the demand for lodging at the properties due to declining national or local economic conditions and/or new hotel construction in markets where the hotels are located. When such conditions exist, the Company performs an analysis to determine if the estimated undiscounted future cash flows from operations and the proceeds from the ultimate disposition of a hotel exceed its carrying value. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an adjustment to reduce the carrying amount to the related hotels estimated fair market value is recorded and an impairment loss recognized. In the evaluation of impairment of its hotel properties, the Company makes many assumptions and estimates including projected cash flows both from operations and eventual disposition, expected useful life and holding period, future required capital expenditures, and fair values, including consideration of capitalization rates, discount rates, and comparable selling prices. The Company will adjust assumptions with respect to the remaining useful life of the hotel property when circumstances change, such as an expiring ground lease or it is more likely than not that the hotel property will be sold prior to its previously expected useful life.
The Company will classify a hotel as held for sale when a binding agreement to purchase the property has been signed under which the buyer has committed a significant amount of nonrefundable cash, no significant financing contingencies exist, and the sale is expected to close within one year. If these criteria are met and if the fair value less costs to sell is lower than the carrying amount of the hotel, the Company will record an impairment loss and will cease recording depreciation expense. The Company will classify the loss, together with the related operating results, as discontinued operations on the statements of operations and classify the assets and related liabilities as held for sale on the balance sheet.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, demand deposits with financial institutions and short-term liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents balances in excess of insured limits with various financial institutions. This may subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk. The Company performs periodic evaluations of the credit quality of these financial institutions.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash primarily consists of reserves for replacement of furniture and fixtures and cash held in escrow pursuant to lender requirements to pay for real estate taxes or property insurance.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets
The Companys prepaid expenses and other assets consist of prepaid real estate taxes, prepaid insurance, deposits on hotel acquisitions, inventories, over or under market leases, and corporate office equipment and furniture.
F-11
Deferred Financing Costs
Financing costs are recorded at cost and consist of loan fees and other costs incurred in connection with obtaining debt. Amortization of deferred financing costs is computed using a method, which approximates the effective interest method over the remaining life of the debt, and is included in interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Derivative Instruments
In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to the effects of interest rate changes. The Company may enter into derivative instruments including interest rate swaps, caps and collars to manage or hedge interest rate risk. Derivative instruments are subject to fair value reporting at each reporting date and the increase or decrease in fair value is recorded in net income (loss) or accumulated other comprehensive income, based on the applicable hedge accounting guidance. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company has an interest rate cap in connection with the mortgage debt assumed with its acquisition of the Sofitel Philadelphia hotel. This interest rate cap was not designated as a hedging instrument and as such, changes in the fair value of the instrument have been recorded in the Companys statement of operations. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the estimated fair value of the interest rate cap was immaterial and the change in fair value was inconsequential to the periods presented.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue consists of amounts derived from hotel operations, including the sales of rooms, food and beverage, and other ancillary amenities. Revenue is recognized when rooms are occupied and services have been rendered. The Company collects sales, use, occupancy and similar taxes at its hotels which are presented on a net basis on the statement of operations.
Income Taxes
To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it currently distribute at least 90 percent of its adjusted taxable income to its shareholders. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on that portion of its taxable income that is currently distributed to shareholders. The Company may be subject to certain state and local taxes on its income and property, and to federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed taxable income. In addition, PHL, which leases the Companys hotels from the Operating Partnership, is subject to federal and state income taxes.
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities from a change in tax rates is recognized in earnings in the period when the new rate is enacted. Valuation allowances are provided if, based upon the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company did not have any uncertain tax positions and had not incurred any interest or penalties on such positions during the periods presented. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax benefits, if any, in the future will be recognized as operating expenses.
F-12
Share-based Compensation
The Company has adopted an equity incentive plan that provides for the grant of common share options, share awards, share appreciation rights, performance units and other equity-based awards. Equity-based compensation is measured at the fair value of the award on the date of grant and recognized as an expense on a straight line basis over the vesting period. The determination of fair value of these awards is subjective and involves significant estimates. The long-term incentive partnership (LTIP) units were valued using a Monte Carlo simulation method model, which required a number of assumptions including expected volatility of the Companys stock, expected dividend yield, expected term, and assumptions of whether these awards will achieve parity with other operating partnership units.
Non-controlling Interests of Common Units of Operating Partnership
Limited partner interests in the Operating Partnership other than those held by the Company, if any, are considered non-controlling interests. Generally, non-controlling interests are presented on the balance sheet as either shareholders equity or outside of shareholders equity depending upon specific provisions of the governing documents related to such an interest. The Operating Partnership may issue limited partnership interests as full or partial consideration to hotel sellers or to employees or other individuals for services performed. These limited partners will have redemption rights which will permit them to redeem their interests in exchange for cash or common shares, on a one-for-one basis, at the option of the Company. Because the Operating Partnership agreement permits the settlement of the redemption feature for unregistered common shares and because the Company will control the actions and events necessary to issue the number of shares that are required to be delivered at the redemption date, the non-controlling limited partner interests in the Operating Partnership are presented as a separate component of shareholders equity on the balance sheet. The approximate redemption value of the non-controlling interests is equivalent to the units outstanding valued at the closing common share price at the end of the period, which we assume would be equal to the value provided to the limited partners upon liquidation of the Operating Partnership. The Companys revenues, expenses and net income or loss will include amounts attributable to both the controlling and non-controlling interests. Amounts attributable to non-controlling interests will be deducted from net income or loss to arrive at net income or loss attributable to common shareholders on the statement of operations.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share (EPS) is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) available for common shareholders adjusted for dividends on unvested share-based compensation, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus potentially dilutive securities. Any anti-dilutive securities are excluded from the diluted per share calculation.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In May 2011, the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (collectively the Boards) issued ASU No. 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs (ASU 2011-04). ASU 2011-04 created a uniform framework for applying fair value measurement principles for companies around the world and clarified existing guidance in U.S. GAAP. ASU 2011-04 is effective for the first reporting annual period beginning after December 15, 2011 and shall be applied prospectively. The Company does not expect this standard to have any material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Presentation of Comprehensive Income. This update is intended to increase the prominence of other comprehensive income in the financial statements by requiring public companies to present comprehensive income either as a single
F-13
statement detailing the components of net income and total net income, the components of other comprehensive income and total other comprehensive income, and a total for comprehensive income or using a two statement approach including both a statement of income and a statement of comprehensive income. The option to present other comprehensive income in the statement of changes in equity has been eliminated. The amendments in this update, which should be applied retrospectively, are effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2011. Currently, the Company has no items of other comprehensive income in any periods presented and adoption of this standard is not expected to impact us.
NOTE 3. ACQUISITION OF HOTEL PROPERTIES
On February 16, 2011, the Company acquired the 252-room Argonaut Hotel located in San Francisco, California for $84.0 million. The acquisition was funded with $42.0 million of available cash and the assumption of a $42.0 million first mortgage loan. The hotel is subject to a long-term ground lease agreement with the United States Department of the Interior that expires in 2059. The hotel is required to pay the greater of a base rent of $1.2 million, as adjusted for consumer price index CPI increases, or a percentage of rooms revenues, food and beverage revenues, and other department revenues in excess of certain thresholds, as defined in the agreement. The fee, as a percentage of rooms revenues, ranges from 8% to 12% in the initial years and 12% to 14% in the later years. The fee as a percentage of food and beverage and other department revenues is 4% over the term of the lease. The terms of the ground lease were evaluated and they were determined to approximate current market terms. The Company retained Kimpton Hotels and Restaurants to manage the hotel.
On April 6, 2011, the Company acquired the 450-room Westin Gaslamp Quarter located in San Diego, California for $110.0 million. Prior to the acquisition, the hotel was undergoing a $25.0 million renovation project and, in addition to the purchase price, the Company reimbursed the seller approximately $8.6 million for the renovation costs incurred and paid by the seller through the date of closing. The remaining renovation costs were paid by the Company. The Company retained Starwood Hotels and Resorts to manage the hotel.
On April 7, 2011, the Company acquired the 189-room Hotel Monaco Seattle located in Seattle, Washington for $51.2 million. The Company retained Kimpton Hotels and Restaurants to manage the hotel.
On May 3, 2011, the Company acquired the 237-room Mondrian Los Angeles located in West Hollywood, California for $137.0 million. The Company retained the Morgans Hotel Group to manage the hotel.
On May 26, 2011, the Company acquired the 148-room Viceroy Miami located in Miami, Florida for $36.5 million. The Company retained the Viceroy Hotel Group to manage the hotel and PHL received $3.0 million in key money from Viceroy Hotel Group to enter into the management agreement with Viceroy Hotel Group. The key money liability is amortized as a reduction of management fee expense over the ten-year term of the management agreement.
On June 8, 2011, the Company acquired the 235-room W Boston located in Boston, Massachusetts for $89.5 million. The Company retained Starwood Hotels and Resorts to manage the hotel.
F-14
The allocation of purchase price to the fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities is as follows (in thousands):
Argonaut Hotel |
Westin Gaslamp Quarter |
Hotel Monaco Seattle |
Mondrian Los Angeles |
Viceroy Miami |
W Boston | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Land |
$ | | $ | 25,537 | $ | 10,105 | $ | 20,306 | $ | 8,368 | $ | 19,453 | $ | 83,769 | ||||||||||||||
Buildings and improvements |
79,492 | 86,113 | 38,888 | 110,283 | 24,246 | 63,893 | 402,915 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |
4,247 | 6,826 | 2,073 | 6,091 | 3,723 | 5,887 | 28,847 | |||||||||||||||||||||
In place lease assets |
190 | | | | | | 190 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Inventory |
71 | 78 | 84 | 75 | 163 | 267 | 738 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net working capital |
193 | (931 | ) | (251 | ) | 74 | (146 | ) | (1,263 | ) | (2,324 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
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Net assets acquired |
$ | 84,193 | $ | 117,623 | $ | 50,899 | $ | 136,829 | $ | 36,354 | $ | 88,237 | $ | 514,135 | ||||||||||||||
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The results of operations of the Argonaut Hotel, Westin Gaslamp Quarter, Hotel Monaco Seattle, Mondrian Los Angeles, Viceroy Miami, W Boston and the Manhattan Collection joint venture (defined in Note 5 below) are included in the consolidated statements of operations beginning on their acquisition dates. The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the results of operations of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 as if the hotels and joint venture interests acquired in 2011 and 2010 were acquired on January 1, 2010. The pro forma results below excluded acquisition costs of $3.4 million and $6.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The unaudited pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and do not purport to be indicative of either the results of operations that would have actually occurred had these transactions occurred on January 1, 2010 or the future results of operations (in thousands, except per-share data).
For the Year
Ended December 31, |
||||||||
2011 | 2010 | |||||||
(Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||
Total revenues |
$ | 330,215 | $ | 306,354 | ||||
Operating income |
30,873 | 21,441 | ||||||
Net income attributable to common shareholders |
6,230 | 16,074 | ||||||
Net income per share available to common shareholdersbasic and diluted |
$ | 0.12 | $ | 0.34 |
NOTE 4. INVESTMENT IN HOTEL PROPERTIES
Investment in hotel properties consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||
2011 | 2010 | |||||||
Land |
$ | 190,197 | $ | 106,428 | ||||
Buildings and improvements |
887,217 | 460,988 | ||||||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |
86,138 | 37,966 | ||||||
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Investment in hotel properties |
$ | 1,163,552 | $ | 605,382 | ||||
Less: Accumulated depreciation |
(36,068 | ) | (5,668 | ) | ||||
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Investment in hotel properties, net |
$ | 1,127,484 | $ | 599,714 | ||||
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F-15
NOTE 5. INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED JOINT VENTURES
On July 29, 2011, the Company acquired a 49% interest in a joint venture (the Manhattan Collection joint venture), which owns six properties in New York, New York, for $152.6 million plus working capital. The transaction values the six hotels at approximately $908.0 million (subject to working capital and similar adjustments). The Company accounts for this investment using the equity method. The joint venture has approximately $549.0 million in total assets. The joint ventures total liabilities and members deficit include approximately $581.0 million in existing first mortgage and mezzanine debt which matures in February 2013 and approximately $76.6 million of preferred capital which may be distributed after the later of 27 months from July 29, 2011 or the date on which the joint venture refinances, modifies, or extends its debt. The Company is not a guarantor of any existing debt of the joint venture except for limited customary carve-outs related to fraud or misapplication of funds.
At the time of the Companys investment, the estimated fair value of the hotel properties owned by the Manhattan Collection joint venture exceeded the carrying value. This basis difference between the Companys investment in the joint ventures and the Companys proportionate 49% interest in these depreciable assets held by the joint venture is amortized over the estimated life of the underlying assets and recognized as a component of equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures (referred to as the basis adjustment in the table below).
The summarized results of operations of our investment in the Manhattan Collection joint venture from the acquisition date to December 31, 2011 are presented below (in thousands):
For the Period from July 29, 2011 (date of investment) through December 31, 2011 |
||||
Revenues |
$ | 82,124 | ||
Total expenses |
75,992 | |||
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Net income |
6,132 | |||
Companys 49% interest of net income |
3,005 | |||
Basis adjustment |
(669 | ) | ||
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Equity in earnings in unconsolidated joint ventures |
$ | 2,336 | ||
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NOTE 6. DEBT
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
On June 3, 2011, the Company amended and restated in its entirety the credit facility agreement that it had entered into in July 2010. The Companys credit facility is now unsecured and the borrowing capacity has been increased by $50.0 million to $200.0 million. The senior unsecured revolving credit facility matures on June 3, 2014, and the Company has a one-year extension option. The Company has the ability to increase the senior unsecured revolving credit facility borrowing capacity up to a maximum capacity of $400.0 million with lender approval. Borrowings on the senior unsecured revolving credit facility bear interest at LIBOR plus 2.5% to 3.5%, depending on the Companys leverage ratio. Additionally, the Company is required to pay an unused commitment fee at an annual rate of 0.35% or 0.50% of the unused portion of the senior unsecured revolving credit facility, depending on the amount of borrowings outstanding. The senior unsecured revolving credit facility contains certain financial covenants, including a maximum leverage ratio, a maximum debt service coverage ratio, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and minimum net worth. The Company incurred approximately $1.3 million in fees in connection with this amendment which are amortized over the term of the credit facility. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the senior unsecured revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2011, the Company was in compliance with the senior unsecured revolving credit facility debt covenants. For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company incurred unused commitment fees of $0.9 million and $0.4 million, respectively.
F-16
Mortgage Debt
As of December 31, 2011, each of the Companys mortgage loans was secured by a first-mortgage lien or by leasehold interests under the ground lease on the underlying property. The mortgages are non-recourse to the Company except for fraud or misapplication of funds. The mortgage loans contain certain property specific covenants and restrictions, including minimum debt service coverage ratios that may trigger cash trap provisions as well as restrictions on incurring additional property specific debt without lender consent. The Company is in compliance with all debt covenants as of December 31, 2011.
On January 6, 2011, the Company entered into a first-mortgage loan on the Skamania Lodge. The debt has a principal balance of $31.0 million, a term of five years, bears interest at 5.44% and requires monthly principal and interest payments of $174,898.
On January 21, 2011, the Company entered into a first-mortgage loan on the DoubleTree by Hilton Bethesda-Washington DC. The debt has a principal balance of $36.0 million, a term of five years, bears interest at 5.28% and requires interest-only payments for the first 12 months and, beginning in March 2012, will require monthly principal and interest payments of $199,407 through February 2016, the maturity date.
In conjunction with the Companys acquisition of the Argonaut Hotel, the Company assumed a $42.0 million interest-only first-mortgage loan. The debt matures in March 2012 and has a fixed annual interest rate of 5.67%.
Mortgage debt consisted of the following (in thousands):
Balance Outstanding as of | ||||||||||||||
Interest Rate | Maturity Date | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2010 | |||||||||||
Sofitel Philadelphia |
Floating(1) | February 2012 | $ | 56,070 | $ | 56,070 | ||||||||
Monaco Washington DC |
5.68% | March 2012 | 35,000 | 35,000 | ||||||||||
Argonaut Hotel |
5.67% | March 2012 | 42,000 | | ||||||||||
InterContinental Buckhead |
4.88% | January 2016 | 51,805 | 52,500 | ||||||||||
Skamania Lodge |
5.44% | February 2016 | 30,664 | | ||||||||||
DoubleTree by Hilton Bethesda-Washington DC |
5.28% | February 2016 | 36,000 | | ||||||||||
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$ | 251,539 | $ | 143,570 | |||||||||||
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(1) | Mortgage debt bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.3%. The interest rates as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 were both 1.57%. |
The Company estimates the fair value of its fixed rate debt by discounting the future cash flows of each instrument at estimated market rates, taking into consideration general market conditions and maturity. The estimated fair value of the Companys debt as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $251.2 million and $143.9 million, respectively.
Future scheduled debt principal payments as of December 31, 2011 are as follows (in thousands):
2012 |
$ | 134,738 | ||
2013 |
1,775 | |||
2014 |
1,869 | |||
2015 |
1,969 | |||
2016 |
111,188 | |||
Thereafter |
| |||
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Total debt |
$ | 251,539 | ||
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F-17
NOTE 7. EQUITY
Common Shares
The Company is authorized to issue up to 500,000,000 common shares of beneficial interest (common shares), $.01 par value per share. Each outstanding common share entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders. Holders of the Companys common shares are entitled to receive dividends when authorized by our board of trustees.
On December 14, 2009, the Company issued 20,260,000 common shares and raised $379.6 million, net of underwriting discounts and offering costs, in an initial public offering and concurrent private placement of common shares.
On July 28, 2010, the Company issued 19,550,000 common shares and raised $318.3 million, net of underwriting discounts and offering-related costs, in a follow-on offering of common shares.
On April 6, 2011, the Company issued 10,925,000 common shares and raised $226.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and offering costs, in a follow-on offering of common shares.
On April 13, 2011, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC. Under this shelf registration statement, the Company may issue common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, warrants and units from time to time.
Common Dividends
The Company paid or will pay the following dividends on common shares/units for the year ended December 31, 2011:
Dividend per Share/Unit |
For the quarter ended |
Record Date |
Payable Date | |||
$0.12 |
March 31, 2011 | March 31, 2011 | April 15, 2011 | |||
$0.12 |
June 30, 2011 | June 30, 2011 | July 15, 2011 | |||
$0.12 |
September 30, 2011 | September 30, 2011 | October 17, 2011 | |||
$0.12 |
December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2011 | January 16, 2012 |
Preferred Shares
The Company is authorized to issue up to 100,000,000 preferred shares, $.01 par value per share.
The Company had no preferred shares outstanding as of December 31, 2010. On March 11, 2011, the Company issued 5,000,000 shares of its 7.875% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares (Series A Preferred Shares) at a public offering price of $25.00 per share, for a total of approximately $120.9 million of net proceeds, after deducting the underwriting discount and other offering-related costs.
On July 14, 2011, the Company issued 600,000 Series A Preferred Shares at a price of $25.25 per share for a total of approximately $15.1 million in net proceeds.
On September 14, 2011, the Company issued 3,400,000 shares of its 8.00% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares (Series B Preferred Shares) at a public offering price of $25.00 per share, for a total of approximately $82.3 million of net proceeds, after deducting the underwriting discount and other offering-related costs.
F-18
The Series A Preferred Shares and the Series B Preferred Shares (collectively, the Preferred Shares) rank senior to the common shares of beneficial interest and on parity with each other with respect to payment of distributions. The Preferred Shares are cumulative redeemable preferred shares. The outstanding Preferred Shares do not have any maturity date and are not subject to mandatory redemption. The Company may not optionally redeem the Series A Preferred Shares or Series B Preferred Shares prior to March 11, 2016 and September 21, 2016, respectively, except in limited circumstances relating to the Companys continuing qualification as a REIT or as discussed below. After those dates, the Company may, at its option, redeem the Preferred Shares, in whole or from time to time in part, by payment of $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated, accrued and unpaid distributions through the date of redemption. Upon the occurrence of a change of control, as defined in the Companys declaration of trust, the result of which the Companys common shares of beneficial interest and the common securities of the acquiring or surviving entity are not listed on the NYSE, NYSE Amex or NASDAQ, or any successor exchanges, the Company may, at its option, redeem the Preferred Shares in whole or in part within 120 days after the change of control occurred, by paying $25.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid distributions through the date of redemption. If the Company does not exercise its right to redeem the Preferred Shares upon a change of control, the holders of Preferred Shares have the right to convert some or all of their shares into a number of the Companys common shares of beneficial interest based on a defined formula subject to a share cap. The share cap on each Series A Preferred Share is 2.3234 common shares and the share cap on each Series B Preferred Share is 3.4483 common shares.
Preferred Dividends
The Company paid or will pay the following dividends on preferred shares for the year ended December 31, 2011:
Security Type |
Dividend per Share/Unit |
For the quarter ended |
Record Date | Payable Date | ||||
7.875% Series A |
$0.19(1) | March 31, 2011 | March 31, 2011 | April 15, 2011 | ||||
7.875% Series A |
$0.49 | June 30, 2011 | June 30, 2011 | July 15, 2011 | ||||
7.875% Series A |
$0.49 | September 30, 2011 | September 30, 2011 | October 17, 2011 | ||||
7.875% Series A |
$0.49 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2011 | January 16, 2012 | ||||
8.00% Series B |
$0.13(1) | September 30, 2011 | September 30, 2011 | October 17, 2011 | ||||
8.00% Series B |
$0.50 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2011 | January 16, 2012 |
(1) | Pro-rata payment for the partial quarter from the date of issuance. |
Non-controlling Interest of Common Units of Operating Partnership
Holders of Operating Partnership units have certain redemption rights that enable the unit holders to cause the Operating Partnership to redeem their units in exchange for, at the Companys option, cash per unit equal to the market price of the Companys common shares at the time of redemption or for the Companys common shares on a one-for-one basis. The number of shares issuable upon exercise of the redemption rights will be adjusted upon the occurrence of share splits, mergers, consolidations or similar pro-rata share transactions, which otherwise would have the effect of diluting the ownership interests of our limited partners or our shareholders.
As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Operating Partnership had 929,099 long-term incentive partnership units (LTIP units) outstanding, all of which are now equivalent to or have reached parity with common units in April 2011. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, 362,170 and 185,820, respectively, of these LTIP units were vested. Only vested LTIP units may be converted to common units of the Operating Partnership which in turn can be redeemed for an equal number of common shares in the Company. No LTIP units were converted to common units during 2010 or 2011.
F-19
NOTE 8. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLAN
The Company maintains the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan to attract and retain independent trustees, executive officers and other key employees and service providers. The plan provides for the grant of options to purchase common shares, share awards, share appreciation rights, performance units and other equity based awards. As of December 31, 2011, there were 224,317 common shares available for issuance under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. Restricted share awards under this plan generally vest over three to five years. The Company pays dividends on unvested shares. Certain share awards may provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control. As of December 31, 2011, the Company has granted restricted share awards and LTIP units under the plan.
The following table provides a summary of restricted share activity:
Shares | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |
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Unvested at October 2, 2009 (inception) |
| $ | | |||||
Granted |
15,000 | $ | 20.00 | |||||
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Unvested at December 31, 2009 |
15,000 | $ | 20.00 | |||||
Granted |
70,110 | $ | 20.98 | |||||
Vested |
(4,170 | ) | $ | 20.00 | ||||
Forfeited |
(2,500 | ) | $ | 20.00 | ||||
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Unvested at December 31, 2010 |
78,440 | $ | 20.88 | |||||
Granted |
79,330 | $ | 22.03 | |||||
Vested |
(26,874 | ) | $ | 20.83 | ||||
Forfeited |
(2,232 | ) | $ | 21.58 | ||||
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Unvested at December 31, 2011 |
128,664 | $ | 21.59 | |||||
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The fair value of each restricted share award is determined based on the closing price of the Companys common shares on the grant date. As of December 31, 2011, there was $1.9 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted shares and unrecognized compensation expense are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average of 1.8 years. For the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Company recognized approximately $1.1 million, $0.5 million and $5 thousand, respectively, in expense related to these restricted shares in the consolidated statement of operations.
Long-Term Incentive Partnership Units
LTIP units, which are also referred to as profits interest units, may be issued to eligible participants for the performance of services to or for the benefit of the Operating Partnership. LTIP units are a class of partnership unit in the Companys Operating Partnership and will receive, whether vested or not, the same per-unit profit distributions as the other outstanding units in the Operating Partnership, which equal per-share distributions on common shares. Prior to reaching parity with common units, LTIP units have a capital account balance of zero, do not receive an allocation of net income (loss) and do not have full parity with the common units with respect to liquidating distributions. If such parity is reached, vested LTIP units may be converted, at any time, into an equal number of common units and thereafter will possess all of the rights and interests of a common unit, including the right to redeem the common unit for a common share in the Company or cash, at the option of the Operating Partnership.
As of December 31, 2011, the Company had 929,099 LTIP units outstanding. Upon completion of the Companys equity offering of common shares on April 6, 2011, the Company determined that a revaluation event occurred, as defined in the Code, and the LTIP units achieved full parity with the common units with respect to liquidating distributions and all other purposes. These LTIP units are allocated their pro-rata share of the Operating Partnerships net income (loss).
F-20
All of the outstanding LTIP units were held by officers of the Company as of December 31, 2011. These LTIP units vest ratably on each of the first five anniversaries of their date of grant. The grant date fair value of the LTIP units was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation method model. The LTIP unit grants were valued at $8.50 per LTIP unit. As of December 31, 2011, 362,170 LTIP units have vested.
For the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, the Company recognized $1.6 million, $1.6 million and $0.1 million in share-based compensation expense related to the LTIP units, respectively. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, there was $4.7 million and $6.2 million, respectively, of total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to LTIP units. This unrecognized share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining vesting period of three years. The aggregate expense related to the LTIP unit grants is presented as non-controlling interest in the Companys consolidated balance sheets.
NOTE 9. INCOME TAXES
The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it currently distribute at least 90% of its adjusted taxable income to its shareholders. It is the Companys current intention to adhere to these requirements and maintain the Companys qualification for taxation as a REIT. As a REIT, the Company generally is not subject to federal corporate income tax on that portion of its taxable income that is currently distributed to shareholders. However, as a REIT, the Company is still subject to certain state and local taxes on its income and property, and to federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed taxable income. In addition, taxable income from non-REIT activities managed through taxable-REIT subsidiaries is subject to federal, state and local income taxes. PHL is a TRS of the Company and as such is required to pay federal and state income taxes as a regular C Corporation.
The Companys provision (benefit) for income taxes for PHL, the Companys TRS, consists of the following (in thousands):
For the Year
Ended December 31, |
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2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||
Federal |
$ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||
Current |
374 | | | |||||||||
Deferred |
70 | (70 | ) | | ||||||||
State and local |
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Current |
110 | | | |||||||||
Deferred |
10 | (10 | ) | | ||||||||
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Income tax expense (benefit) |
$ | 564 | $ | (80 | ) | $ | | |||||
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A reconciliation of the statutory federal tax expense (benefit) to the Companys income tax expense (benefit) for our TRS is as follows:
For the Year
Ended December 31, |
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2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||
Statutory federal tax expense (benefit) at 34% |
$ | 444 | $ | (70 | ) | $ | | |||||
State income tax expense (benefit) |
120 | (10 | ) | | ||||||||
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$ | 564 | $ | (80 | ) | $ | | ||||||
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For the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company had a deferred tax asset of $0.1 million associated with its net operating loss. This net operating loss was used to offset 2011 taxable income.
F-21
NOTE 10. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Earnings per share is computed by applying the provisions of the two-class method as the unvested restricted shares and LTIP units (unvested share-based compensation) are considered participating securities. The holders of these awards receive non-forfeitable dividends on their unvested shares and units. Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders adjusted for dividends on unvested share-based compensation by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders adjusted for dividends on unvested share-based compensation by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and potential common shares that are dilutive. The LTIP units held by the non-controlling interest holders have been excluded from the denominator of the diluted earnings per share calculation as there would be no effect on the amounts since the limited partners share of income (loss) would also be added or subtracted to derive at net income (loss) available to common shareholders.
The following is a reconciliation of the calculation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share (in thousands, except share and per-share data):
For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||
Numerator: |
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Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |
$ | 4,443 | $ | (6,642 | ) | $ | (147 | ) | ||||
Less: Dividends paid on unvested share-based compensation |
(398 | ) | (9 | ) | | |||||||
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Net income (loss) available to common shareholders |
$ | 4,045 | $ | (6,651 | ) | $ | (147 | ) | ||||
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Denominator: |
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Weighted-average number of common sharesbasic |
47,921,200 | 28,669,851 | 4,011,198 | |||||||||
Effect of dilutive share-based compensation |
45,107 | | | |||||||||
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Weighted-average number of common sharesdiluted |
47,966,307 | 28,669,851 | 4,011,198 | |||||||||
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Net income (loss) per share available to common shareholdersbasic |
$ | 0.08 | $ | (0.23 | ) | $ | (0.04 | ) | ||||
Net income (loss) per share available to common shareholdersdiluted |
$ | 0.08 | $ | (0.23 | ) | $ | (0.04 | ) |
For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, 78,440 and 15,000 of unvested restricted shares were excluded from diluted weighted-average common shares as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
NOTE 11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Management Agreements
The Companys hotel properties operate pursuant to management agreements with various management companies. The initial term of these management agreements ranges from five years to 20 years not including renewals, and five years to 40 years including renewals. Many of the Companys management agreements are terminable at will by the Company upon paying a termination fee and some are terminable by the Company upon sale of the property, with in some cases, the payment of termination fees. Most of the agreements also provide the Company the ability to terminate based on failure to achieve defined operating performance thresholds.
F-22
Termination fees range from zero to up to six times the annual base management and incentive management fees, depending on the agreement and the reason for termination. Certain of the Companys management agreements are non-terminable except upon the managers breach of a material representation or the managers failure to meet performance thresholds as defined in the management agreement.
The management agreements require the payment of a base management fee generally between 2% and 4% of hotel revenues. Under certain management agreements, the management companies are also eligible to receive an incentive management fee if hotel operating income, cash flows or other performance measures, as defined in the agreements, exceeds certain performance thresholds. The incentive management fee is generally calculated as a percentage of hotel operating income after the Company has received a priority return on its investment in the hotel. For the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, base and incentive management fees were $8.1 million, $1.7 million and $0, respectively.
Reserve Funds
Certain of the Companys agreements with its hotel managers, franchisors and lenders have provisions for the Company to provide funds, typically 4.0% of hotel revenues, sufficient to cover the cost of (a) certain non- routine repairs and maintenance to the hotels and (b) replacements and renewals to the hotels furniture, fixtures, and equipment.
Restricted Cash
At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company had $9.5 million and $4.5 million, respectively, in restricted cash, which consists of reserves for replacement of furniture and fixtures or reserves to pay for real estate taxes or property insurance under certain hotel management agreements or lender requirements.
Ground Lease
The Monaco Washington DC is subject to a long-term ground lease agreement on the land underlying the hotel. The ground lease expires in 2059. The hotel is required to pay the greater of an annual base rent of $0.2 million or a percentage of gross hotel revenues and gross food and beverage revenues in excess of certain thresholds, as defined in the agreement. The lease contains certain restrictions on modifications that can be made to the structure due to its status as a national historic landmark.
The Company assumed a long-term ground lease agreement in connection with its acquisition of the Argonaut Hotel. The ground lease expires in 2059. The hotel is required to pay the greater of an annual base rent of $1.2 million or a percentage of rooms revenues, food and beverage revenues and other department revenues in excess of certain thresholds, as defined in the agreement. The lease contains certain restrictions on modifications that can be made to the structure due to its status as a national historic landmark.
Future minimum annual rental payments under these leases, which assumes base rent for all periods and no assumptions for CPI adjustments, as of December 31, 2011 is as follows (in thousands):
2012 |
$ | 1,380 | ||
2013 |
1,380 | |||
2014 |
1,380 | |||
2015 |
1,380 | |||
2016 |
1,380 | |||
Thereafter |
59,223 | |||
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$ | 66,123 | |||
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F-23
Litigation
The nature of the operations of the hotels exposes the hotels, the Company and the Operating Partnership to the risk of claims and litigation in the normal course of their business. The Company may obtain insurance to cover potential material losses. The Company is not presently subject to any material litigation nor, to the Companys knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against the Company.
NOTE 12. SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION TO STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Year
Ended December 31, 2011 |
Year
Ended December 31, 2010 |
From October
2, 2009 (inception) to December 31, 2009 |
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(In thousands) | ||||||||||||
Interest paid |
$ | 11,366 | $ | 956 | $ | | ||||||
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Income taxes paid |
$ | 586 | $ | | $ | | ||||||
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Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities: |
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Distributions payable to common shares/units |
$ | 6,219 | $ | 4,908 | $ | | ||||||
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Distributions payable to preferred shares |
$ | 3,813 | $ | | $ | | ||||||
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Accrual of offering costs, including $8.1 million of underwriting discount |
$ | | $ | | $ | 9,532 | ||||||
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Mortgage loan assumed in connection with acquisition |
$ | 42,000 | $ | 91,070 | $ | | ||||||
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Deposit applied to purchase price of acquisition |
$ | 5,000 | $ | | $ | | ||||||
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Issuance of common shares for board of trustees compensation |
$ | 182 | $ | 12 | $ | | ||||||
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Accrued additions and improvements to hotel properties |
$ | 2,171 | $ | | $ | | ||||||
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NOTE 13. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In January 2012, the Company obtained a $46.0 million loan secured by the Companys leasehold interest under the ground lease on the Monaco Washington DC hotel. The proceeds from this loan were used to pay down the existing $35.0 million mortgage on this property and the remaining will be used for general corporate purpose. This loan has a fixed interest rate of 4.36 percent per annum and requires monthly principal and interest payments of $0.2 million through February 2017, the maturity date.
In January 2012, the Company repaid the $42.0 million loan on the Argonaut Hotel with $31.0 million from cash on hand and $15.0 million of borrowings from our senior unsecured credit facility. In February 2012, the Company obtained a new $47.0 million loan secured by this property. The proceeds from this loan were used to partially pay down the balance on the credit facility. This loan has a fixed interest rate of 4.25 percent per annum and requires monthly principal and interest payments of $0.3 million through March 2017, the maturity date.
In February 2012, the Company repaid the $56.1 million loan on the Sofitel Philadelphia hotel with borrowings from its senior unsecured revolving credit facility.
F-24
In February 2012, the Board of Trustees granted an aggregate of 52,509 restricted shares to executive officers and employees of the Company. These restricted shares will vest over approximately 3 or 5 years based on the terms of the award.
In February 2012, the Board of Trustees granted 72,056 performance-based share awards to executive officers and employees of the Company. The actual number of common shares issuable under the performance-based share awards will be based on certain performance goals stipulated in the agreements over the period from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2014 and will be determined in early 2015. The actual shares issued may be less than or greater than the target number of share awards based upon performance level attained. The actual shares issued for executive officers can range from 0% to 200% of the target amount. There is no maximum number of actual shares issued to employees. None of the common shares issuable under the performance awards will be outstanding until issued in accordance with the award agreements. After the actual number of shares under the performance awards are determined, the shares will become issued and outstanding. In addition, once the number of performance shares is determined, the executive officers and employees will receive cash payments equal to the total amount of dividends paid on an equivalent number of common shares from February 8, 2012 until the determination date.
NOTE 14. QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS (UNAUDITED)
The Companys unaudited consolidated quarterly operating data for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 (in thousands, except per-share data) follows. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation of quarterly results have been reflected in the data. It is also managements opinion, however, that quarterly operating data for hotel properties are not indicative of results to be achieved in succeeding quarters or years.
Year Ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
First Quarter |
Second Quarter |
Third Quarter |
Fourth Quarter |
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Total revenues |
$ | 42,665 | $ | 73,110 | $ | 87,803 | $ | 84,409 | ||||||||
Net income (loss) |
(3,044 | ) | 4,299 | 5,838 | 8,106 | |||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |
(3,044 | ) | 4,214 | 5,724 | 7,962 | |||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |
(3,591 | ) | 1,753 | 2,825 | 3,456 | |||||||||||
Net income (loss) per share available to common shareholders, basic and diluted |
$ | (0.09 | ) | $ | 0.03 | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.07 |
Year Ended December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
First Quarter |
Second Quarter |
Third Quarter |
Fourth Quarter |
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Total revenues |
$ | | $ | 2,216 | $ | 21,637 | $ | 33,908 | ||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |
(599 | ) | (3,814 | ) | (308 | ) | (1,921 | ) | ||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |
(599 | ) | (3,814 | ) | (308 | ) | (1,921 | ) | ||||||||
Net income (loss) per share available to common shareholders, basic and diluted |
$ | (0.03 | ) | $ | (0.19 | ) | $ | (0.01 | ) | $ | (0.05 | ) |
F-25
Schedule IIIReal Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
As of December 31, 2011
(In thousands)
Initial Costs | Gross Amount at End of Year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description |
Encumb- rances |
Land | Building and Improve- ments |
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment |
Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition |
Land | Building and Improve- ments |
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment |
Total | Accumulated Depreciation |
Net Book Value |
Year of Original Construction |
Date of Acquisition |
Depreciation Life |
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DoubleTree by Hilton Bethesda-Washington DC |
$ | 36,000 | $ | 10,065 | $ | 53,000 | $ | 4,035 | $ | 5,739 | $ | 10,065 | $ | 56,822 | $ | 5,952 | $ | 72,839 | $ | 3,408 | $ | 69,431 | 1971 | 06/04/10 | 3-40 years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sir Francis Drake Hotel |
| 22,500 | 60,547 | 6,953 | 9,827 | 22,500 | 66,046 | 11,281 | 99,827 | 4,453 | 95,374 | 1928 | 06/22/10 | 1-40 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InterContinental Buckhead Hotel |
51,805 | 25,000 | 68,844 | 11,000 | 6,054 | 25,000 | 71,043 | 14,855 | 110,898 | 5,201 | 105,697 | 2004 | 07/01/10 | 3-40 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Monaco Washington DC |
35,000 | | 60,630 | 2,441 | 1,476 | | 61,838 | 2,709 | 64,547 | 2,470 | 62,077 | 1839 | 09/09/10 | 3-40 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Grand Hotel Minneapolis |
| 4,950 | 26,616 | 300 | 5,908 | 4,950 | 29,339 | 3,485 | 37,774 | 1,805 | 35,969 | 1912 | 09/29/10 | 1-40 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Skamania Lodge |
30,664 | 7,129 | 44,987 | 3,523 | 1,500 | 7,129 | 46,052 | 3,958 | 57,139 | 1,994 | 55,145 | 1993 | 11/03/10 | 3-40 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sheraton Delfina Santa Monica Hotel |
| 18,784 | 81,580 | 2,295 | 2,337 | 18,784 | 81,231 | 4,981 | 104,996 | 2,704 | 102,292 | 1972 | 11/19/10 | 3-40 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sofitel Philadelphia Hotel |
56,070 | 18,000 | 64,256 | 4,639 | 479 | 18,000 | 64,628 | 4,746 | 87,374 | 2,460 | 84,914 | 2000 | 12/03/10 | 3-40 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Argonaut Hotel |
42,000 | | 79,492 | 4,247 | 2,510 | | 80,568 | 5,681 | 86,249 | 2,289 | 83,960 | 1907 | 02/16/11 | 3-40 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Westin Gaslamp Quarter |
| 25,537 | 86,089 | 6,850 | 6,636 | 25,537 | 91,426 | 8,149 | 125,112 | 3,338 | 121,774 | 1987 | 04/06/11 | 1-40 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Monaco Seattle |
| 10,105 | 38,888 | 2,073 | 1,722 | 10,105 | 39,321 | 3,362 | 52,788 | 986 | 51,802 | 1969 | 04/07/11 | 3-40 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mondrian Los Angeles |
| 20,306 | 110,283 | 6,091 | 1,444 | 20,306 | 110,660 | 7,158 | 138,124 | 2,401 | 135,723 | 1959 | 05/03/11 | 3-40 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Viceroy Miami |
| 8,368 | 24,246 | 3,723 | 146 | 8,368 | 24,308 | 3,807 | 36,483 | 913 | 35,570 | 2009 | 05/26/11 | 1-40 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
W Boston |
| 19,453 | 63,893 | 5,887 | 169 | 19,453 | 63,935 | 6,014 | 89,402 | 1,646 | 87,756 | 2009 | 06/08/11 | 2-40 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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$ | 251,539 | $ | 190,197 | $ | 863,351 | $ | 64,057 | $ | 45,947 | $ | 190,197 | $ | 887,217 | $ | 86,138 | $ | 1,163,552 | $ | 36,068 | $ | 1,127,484 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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F-26
Pebblebrook Hotel Trust
Schedule IIIReal Estate and Accumulated DepreciationContinued
As of December 31, 2011
(In thousands)
Reconciliation of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation: |
||||
Reconciliation of Real Estate: |
||||
Balance at December 31, 2009 |
$ | | ||
Acquisitions |
602,075 | |||
Capital expenditures |
3,307 | |||
|
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|||
Balance at December 31, 2010 |
$ | 605,382 | ||
Acquisitions |
515,531 | |||
Capital expenditures |
42,639 | |||
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|
|||
Balance at December 31, 2011 |
$ | 1,163,552 | ||
|
|
|||
Reconciliation of Accumulated Depreciation: |
||||
Balance at December 31, 2009 |
$ | | ||
Depreciation |
5,668 | |||
|
|
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Balance at December 31, 2010 |
$ | 5,668 | ||
Depreciation |
30,400 | |||
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Balance at December 31, 2011 |
$ | 36,068 | ||
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F-27
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Number |
Description of Exhibit | |
3.1 |
Declaration of Trust, as amended and supplemented, of the Registrant. | |
3.2 |
Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-11 filed on July 13, 2010 (File No. 333-168078)). | |
3.3 |
First Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P., as amended. | |
10.1* |
Pebblebrook Hotel Trust 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-11 filed on July 13, 2010 (File No. 333-168078)). | |
10.2* |
Change in Control Severance Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Jon E. Bortz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.3* |
Change in Control Severance Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Raymond D. Martz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.4* |
Change in Control Severance Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Thomas C. Fisher (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.5* |
Form of Indemnification Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and its officers and trustees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of Amendment No. 1 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-11/A, filed by the Registrant on November 10, 2009 (File No. 333-162412)). | |
10.6* |
Form of Share Award Agreement for officers and employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-11/A filed on November 25, 2009 (File No. 333-162412)). | |
10.7* |
Share Award Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Jon E. Bortz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 16, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.8* |
Share Award Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Raymond D. Martz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 16, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.9* |
Share Award Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Thomas C. Fisher (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 16, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.10* |
Form of Share Award Agreement for trustees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-11/A filed on November 25, 2009 (File No. 333-162412)). | |
10.11* |
LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Jon E. Bortz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.12* |
LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Raymond D. Martz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). |
Exhibit Number |
Description of Exhibit | |
10.13* |
LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement between Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and Thomas C. Fisher (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 24, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.14 |
Lease, dated December 1, 1999, by and between the United States of America, acting through the Administrator of General Services, and Tariff Building Associates, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 13, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.15 |
Assignment and Assumption of GSA Lease, by and among the United States of America, acting by and through the Administrator of General Services and Authorized Representatives, Tariff Building Associates, L.P., and Jayhawk Owner LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 13, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.16 |
Promissory Note by Tariff Building Associates, L.P. in favor of Wachovia Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 13, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.17 |
Assumption Agreement, by and among Bank of America, N.A., as successor to Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as trustee for the registered holders of COBALT CMBS Commercial Mortgage Trust 2007-C2, Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-C2, Tariff Building Associates, L.P., Kimpton Development Opportunity Fund, L.P., Jayhawk Owner LLC, and Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 13, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.18 |
Deed of Trust, Security Agreement, Assignment of Rents and Fixtures Filing dated as of February 23, 2007 by and among Tariff Building Associates, L.P., as borrower, First American Title Insurance Company, as Trustee for the benefit of Wachovia Bank, National Association, as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 13, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.19 |
Promissory Note by South 17th Street OwnerCo, LLC in favor of Greenwich Capital Financial Products, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.20 |
Loan Agreement dated as of January 5, 2007, between South 17th Street OwnerCo, LLC, as borrower, and Greenwich Capital Financial Products, Inc., as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.21 |
Credit Agreement, dated as of July 8, 2010, among Pebblebrook Hotel Trust, Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P., as borrower, the other guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, Banc of America Securities LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as joint lead arrangers and joint book runners, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as syndication agent, and U.S. Bank National Association, as co-documentation agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 9, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)) (This agreement was amended and restated in June 2011; See Exhibit 10.41 below). | |
10.22 |
Membership Interest Purchase Agreement by and among Platinum OwnerCo, LLC, Platinum LeaseCo, LLC, and South 17th Street IntermezzCo, LLC, as the Seller Parties, and Spartans Owner, LLC and Spartans Lessee, LLC, as the Purchaser Parties, dated as of October 13, 2010, for the Sofitel Philadelphia (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). |
Exhibit Number |
Description of Exhibit | |
10.23 |
Second Amendment to Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated November 15, 2010, by and among Platinum OwnerCo, LLC, Platinum LeaseCo, LLC, South 17th Street IntermezzCo, LLC, Spartans Owner, LLC and Spartans Lessee, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.24 |
Third Amendment to Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated November 30, 2010, by and among Platinum OwnerCo, LLC, Platinum LeaseCo, LLC, South 17th Street IntermezzCo, LLC, Spartans Owner, LLC and Spartans Lessee, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.25 |
Loan Agreement, between Orangemen Owner LLC, as Borrower, and Goldman Sachs Commercial Mortgage Capital, L.P., as Lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 15, 2010 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.26 |
Purchase and Sale Agreement of the Sheraton Delfina Santa Monica Hotel (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 23, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.27 |
First Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement by and between 615 2nd Avenue SouthMinneapolis LLC and Gator Owner LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 23, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.28 |
Purchase and Sale Agreement between Maritime Hotel Associates, L.P. and Wildcats Owner LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Registrants Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 23, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.29 |
Loan Agreement, between Terrapins Owner LLC, as Borrower, and UBS Real Estate Securities Inc., as Lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 7, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.30 |
Loan Agreement, dated as of January 21, 2011, between Tar Heel Borrower LLC, as Borrower, Tar Heel Owner LLC, as Maryland Guarantor, and Goldman Sachs Commercial Mortgage Capital, L.P., as Lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.31 |
Historical Lease, dated October 16, 2000, by and between the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service acting through the Regional Director, Pacific West Region, an agency of the United States of America, and Maritime Hotel Associates, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.32 |
Seventh Amendment to Historic Lease, dated February 6, 2001, by and between the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service acting through the Regional Director, Pacific West Region, an agency of the United States of America, and Maritime Hotel Associates, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.33 |
Tenth Amendment to Historic Lease, dated December 9, 2008, by and between the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service acting through the Regional Director, Pacific West Region, an agency of the United States of America, and Maritime Hotel Associates, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). |
Exhibit Number |
Description of Exhibit | |
10.34 |
Eleventh Amendment to Historic Lease, dated February 16, 2011, by and between the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service acting through the Regional Director, Pacific West Region, an agency of the United States of America, and Wildcats Owner LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.35 |
Assignment and Assumption of Historical Lease, by and among the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service acting through the Regional Director, Pacific West Region, an Agency of the United States of America, Maritime Hotel Associates, L.P., and Wildcats Owner LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.36 |
Promissory Note by Maritime Hotel Associates, L.P. in favor of Wachovia Bank, National Association. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.37 |
Assumption Agreement, by and among Bank of America, N.A., as successor to Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as Trustee for the registered holders of COBALT CMBS Commercial Mortgage Trust 2007-C2, Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-C2, Maritime Hotel Associates, L.P., Kimpton Development Opportunity Fund, L.P., Wildcats Owner LLC, and Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.38 |
Deed of Trust, Security Agreement, Assignment of Rents and Fixtures Filing dated as of February 23, 2007 by and among Maritime Hotel Associates, L.P., as borrower, to First American Title Insurance Company, as Trustee for the benefit of Wachovia Bank, National Association, as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.39 |
Purchase and Sale Agreement by and between Starwood CMBS I, LLC, as seller, and Bruins Owner LLC, as purchaser, dated as of March 22, 2011, for The Westin Gaslamp, San Diego (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on March 31, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.40 |
Purchase and Sale Agreement between Mondrian Holdings LLC, as seller, and Wolverines Owner LLC, as purchaser (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 2, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.41 |
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 3, 2011, among Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P., as borrower, Pebblebrook Hotel Trust, as the parent REIT and a guarantor, certain subsidiaries of the borrower, as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party hereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 2, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.42 |
Contribution Agreement by and among Denihan Ownership Company, LLC, Denihan Mezz Holding Company, LLC and Cardinals Owner LLC, dated as of June 20, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 24, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.43 |
Form of Operating Agreement of DP Holding Company, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 24, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.44 |
Second Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of DP Fee Holding Co., LLC, dated July 29, 2011 (supersedes Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 4, 2011) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on September 28, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). |
Exhibit Number |
Description of Exhibit | |
10.45 |
Operating Agreement of DP Lease Holding, LLC, dated July 29, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 4, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.46 |
Purchase and Sale Agreement between Mondrian Holdings LLC, as seller, and Wolverines Owner LLC, as purchaser (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 2, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
10.47 |
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 3, 2011, among Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P., as borrower, Pebblebrook Hotel Trust, as the parent REIT and a guarantor, certain subsidiaries of the borrower, as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party hereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 2, 2011 (File No. 001-34571)). | |
12.1 |
Statement of Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Share Dividends. | |
21.1 |
List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant. | |
23.1 |
Consent of KPMG LLP. | |
23.2 |
Consent of PKF OConnor Davies, A Division of OConnor Davies, LLP. | |
31.1 |
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
31.2 |
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
32.1 |
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
32.2 |
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
99.1 |
Audited combined financial statements of DP Fee Holding Co., LLC and DP Lease Holding, LLC. | |
101.INS XBRL |
Instance Document(1) | |
101.SCH XBRL |
Taxonomy Extension Schema Document(1) | |
101.CAL XBRL |
Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document(1) | |
101.LAB XBRL |
Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document(1) | |
101.DEF XBRL |
Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document(1) | |
101.PRE XBRL |
Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document(1) |
* | Management agreement or compensatory plan or arrangement. |
| Filed electronically herewith. |
(1) | Users of this data are advised pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T that this interactive data file is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections. |