Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-Q

For Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2018

Or

For the Transition Period From                to               

Commission File Number 0-14602

CYANOTECH CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

73-4460 Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. #102, Kailua-Kona, HI 96740

(Address of principal executive offices)

(808) 326-1353

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐  No ☒

Number of common shares outstanding as of August 10, 2018:

  CYANOTECH CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

INDEX

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). These interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments and accruals) necessary to present fairly the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the periods presented in accordance with GAAP. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2018 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2018, contained in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on June 15, 2018.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cyanotech Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary, Nutrex Hawaii, Inc. (“Nutrex Hawaii” or “Nutrex”, collectively the “Company”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of any contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods reported.  Management reviews these estimates and assumptions periodically and reflects the effect of revisions in the period that they are determined to be necessary.  Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Liquidity

As of June 30, 2018, the Company had cash of $0.9 million and working capital of $6.9 million compared to $1.3 million and $7.9 million, respectively, at March 31, 2018. On August 30, 2016, the Credit Agreement, which the Company and First Foundation Bank (the Bank) entered into on June 3, 2016, became effective. The Credit Agreement allows the Company to borrow up to $2.0 million on a revolving basis. At June 30, 2018, the Company had borrowed $1.25 million and had $0.75 million available on the line. The line of credit was renewed on August 30, 2017 and will expire on August 30, 2018. The Company intends to renew or replace it with another line of credit on or before the expiration date.

As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $6.2 million of term loans payable to the Bank that require the payment of principal and interest monthly through August 2032. Pursuant to the term loans, the Company is subject to annual financial covenants, customary affirmative and negative covenants and certain subjective acceleration clauses. As of March 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with these financial covenants.

Funds generated by operating activities and available cash continue to be the Company’s most significant sources of liquidity for working capital requirements, debt service and funding of maintenance levels of capital expenditures. Based upon the Company’s fiscal year 2019 operating plan and related cash flow projections and the Company’s projected consolidated financial position as of March 31, 2019, cash flows expected to be generated by operating activities and available financing are expected to be sufficient to fund the Company’s operations for at least the next twelve months, and the Company’s current ratio is expected to be in compliance with the annual term loan covenant requirement as of March 31, 2019. However, no assurances can be provided that the Company will achieve its operating plan and cash flow objectives for the next fiscal year or its projected consolidated financial position as of March 31, 2019. Such estimates are subject to change based on future results and such change could cause future results to vary significantly from expected results.

Revenue Recognition

The Company records revenue based on the five-step model which includes: (1) identifying the contract with the customer; (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determining the transaction price; (4) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (5) recognizing revenue when the performance obligations are satisfied. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is generated by fulfilling orders for the purchase of our micro algal nutritional supplements to retailers, wholesalers, or direct to consumers via online channels, with each order considered to be a distinct performance obligation. These orders may be formal purchase orders, verbal phone orders, e-mail orders or orders received online. Shipping and handling activities for which the Company is responsible under the terms and conditions of the order are not accounted for as performance obligations but as fulfillment costs. These activities are required to fulfill the Company’s promise to transfer the goods and are expensed when revenue is recognized. The impact of this policy election is insignificant as it aligns with our current practice.

Revenue is measured as the net amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for fulfilling a performance obligation. The Company has elected to exclude sales, use and similar taxes from the measurement of the transaction price.  The impact of this policy election is insignificant, as it aligns with our current practice. The amount of consideration expected to be received and revenue recognized includes estimates of variable consideration, which includes costs for trade promotion programs, coupons, returns and early payment discounts.  Such estimates are calculated using historical averages adjusted for any expected changes due to current business conditions and experience. The Company reviews and updates these estimates at the end of each reporting period and the impact of any adjustments are recognized in the period the adjustments are identified. In assessing whether collection of consideration from a customer is probable, the Company considers the customer's ability and intent to pay that amount of consideration when it is due. Payment of invoices is due as specified in the underlying customer agreement, typically 30 days from the invoice date, which occurs on the date of transfer of control of the products to the customer.

Revenue is recognized at the point in time that the control of the ordered products is transferred to the customer. Generally, this occurs when the product is delivered, or in some cases, picked up from one of our distribution centers by the customer. 

Customer contract liabilities consist of customer deposits received in advance of fulfilling an order and are shown separately on the consolidated balance sheets. During the three-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017, the Company recognized $112,000 and $45,000, respectively, of revenue from deposits that were included in contract liabilities as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, respectively. The Company’s contracts have a duration of one year or less and therefore, the Company has elected the practical expedient of not disclosing revenues allocated to partially unsatisfied performance obligations.

The following table represents revenue disaggregated by product in the three months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017 (in thousands):

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting ("ASU No. 2017-09"). ASU No. 2017-09 will clarify and reduce both (i) diversity in practice and (ii) cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718, to a change to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment award. This guidance became effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments in this ASU are applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. The Company adopted this standard as of April 1, 2018 with no impact on its consolidated financial statements. 

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash” (“ASU No. 2016-18”).  This update addresses the fact that diversity exists in the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows under Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows. ASU No. 2016-18 became effective for public companies for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this standard as of April 1, 2018 by using the retrospective method, which required reclassification of restricted cash in the accompanying consolidated statement of cash flows as of the beginning of the period for the three months ended June 30, 2018. 

In August 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” (“ASU No. 2016-15”). This ASU clarifies and provides specific guidance on eight cash flow classification issues that are not currently addressed by current GAAP and thereby reduces the current diversity in practice. ASU No. 2016-15 is effective for public business entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this standard as of April 1, 2018 with no impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. 

In May 2014, the FASB issued their converged standard on revenue recognition, Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”("ASU No. 2014-09"), updated in December 2016 with the release of ASU 2016-20. This standard outlines a single comprehensive model for companies to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle of the revenue model is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods and services in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods and services. In addition, the new standard requires that reporting companies disclose the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.  In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No 2015-14 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date," which deferred the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017.

The new revenue standard is required to be applied either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or prospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of the initial application, supplemented with certain disclosures related to the effect of adoption on previously reported amounts, if any (the modified retrospective method). The Company adopted the standard on April 1, 2018 for contracts that were not completed before the adoption date, using the modified retrospective method.  The Company has evaluated the effect of the standard and concluded it is not material to the timing or amount of revenues or expenses recognized in the Company’s historical consolidated financial statements. As a result, the Company has concluded that the application of the standard does not have a material effect that requires a retrospective adjustment to any previously reported amounts in the Company’s historical consolidated financial statements for reporting disclosure purposes.

 Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10 “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” (“ASU No. 2018-02”).  This ASU affects narrow aspects of the guidance issued in the amendments in ASU No. 2016-02 including those regarding residual value guarantees, rate implicit in the lease, lessee reassessment of lease classification, lessor reassessment of lease term and purchase option, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, investment tax credits, lease term and purchase option, transition guidance for amounts previously recognized in business combinations, certain transition adjustments, transition guidance for leases previously classified as capital leases under Topic 840, transition guidance for modifications to leases previously classified as direct financing or sales-type leases under Topic 840, transition guidance for sale and leaseback transactions, impairment of net investment in the lease, unguaranteed residual asset, effect of initial direct costs on rate implicit in the lease, and failed sale and leaseback transactions.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its implementation of ASU No. 2016-02.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07 “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)” (“ASU No. 2018-07”): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This ASU expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from non-employees, and as a result, the accounting for share-based payments to non-employees will be substantially aligned. ASU No. 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of Topic 606. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new guidance will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU No. 2016-02”). The principle objective of ASU No. 2016-02 is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet. ASU No. 2016-02 continues to retain a distinction between finance and operating leases but requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms greater than twelve months. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 is permitted. Entities are required to apply the amendments at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. This guidance is applicable to the Company’s fiscal year beginning April 1, 2019. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, "Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements," which provides an additional transition method that permits changes to be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded in retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company has started the assessment process by evaluating the population of leases under the revised definition of what qualifies as a leased asset, and expects to have the assessment completed by March 2019. The Company is the lessee under various agreements for facilities and equipment that are currently accounted for as operating and capital leases. The Company expects this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated balance sheets due to the recognition of lease rights and obligations as assets and liabilities, respectively. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated results of operations and cash flows.

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out method. Inventories consist of the following:

The Company recognizes abnormal production costs, including fixed cost variances from normal production capacity, as an expense in the period incurred. Abnormal costs related to spirulina production of $250,000 were charged to cost of sales for the quarter ended June 30, 2018. There were no abnormal production costs for the quarter ended June 30, 2017. Non-inventoriable fixed costs related to spirulina production of $125,000 were charged to cost of sales for the quarter ended June 30, 2018. Non-inventoriable fixed costs related to spirulina production of $9,000 were charged to cost of sales for the quarter ended June 30, 2017.

Equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives for equipment and furniture and fixtures, or the shorter of the land lease term or estimated useful lives for leasehold improvements as follows:

Equipment and leasehold improvements consist of the following:

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount to forecasted undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount exceeds its estimated future cash flows, then an impairment charge is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value. Management has determined no asset impairment existed as of June 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively.

On August 30, 2016, the Revolving Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), which the Company and First Foundation Bank (“the Bank”) entered into on June 3, 2016, became effective after the Company and the Bank received the necessary approvals from the State of Hawaii to secure the lien on the Company’s leasehold property in Kona, Hawaii. The Credit Agreement allows the Company to borrow up to $2,000,000 on a revolving basis. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at the Wall Street Journal prime rate (5.00% at June 30, 2018) + 2%, floating. The Credit Agreement includes various covenants as defined in the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement also contains standard acceleration provisions in the event of a default by the Company. At June 30, 2018, the Company had borrowed $1,250,000 under the Credit Agreement and had $750,000 available on the line. The line of credit will be subject to renewal upon expiration on August 30, 2018.

Accrued expenses consist of the following:

Long-term debt consists of the following:

Term Loans

The Company executed a loan agreement with a lender providing for $2,500,000 in aggregate credit facilities (the “2015 Loan”) secured by substantially all the Company’s assets, pursuant to a Term Loan Agreement dated July 30, 2015 (the “2015 Loan Agreement”). The 2015 Loan Agreement is evidenced by a promissory note in the amount of $2,500,000, the repayment of which is partially guaranteed under the provisions of a United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) Rural Development Guarantee program. The proceeds of the 2015 Loan were used to pay off a $500,000 short term note payable that matured on September 18, 2015, and to acquire new processing equipment and leasehold improvements at the Company’s Kona, Hawaii facility.

The provisions of the 2015 Loan Agreement require the payment of principal and interest until its maturity on September 1, 2022, the obligation fully amortizes over seven (7) years. Interest on the 2015 Loan accrues on the outstanding principal balance at an annual variable rate equal to the published Wall Street Journal prime rate (5.00% at June 30, 2018) plus 2.0% and is adjustable on the first day of each calendar quarter and fixed for that quarter. At no time shall the annual interest rate be less than 6.00%. The 2015 Loan has a prepayment penalty of 5% for any prepayment made prior to the first anniversary of the date of the 2015 Loan Agreement, which penalty is reduced by 1% each year thereafter until the fifth anniversary of such date, after which there is no prepayment penalty. The balance under the 2015 Loan was $1,644,000 and $1,726,000 at June 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively.

The 2015 Loan includes a one-time origination and guaranty fee totaling $113,900 and an annual renewal fee payable in the amount of 0.50% of the USDA guaranteed portion of the outstanding principal balance as of December 31 of each year, beginning December 31, 2015. The USDA has guaranteed 80% of all amounts owing under the 2015 Loan. The Company is subject to financial covenants and customary affirmative and negative covenants.

The Company executed a loan agreement with a lender providing for $5,500,000 in aggregate credit facilities (the “Loan”) secured by substantially all the Company’s assets, including a mortgage on the Company's interest in its lease at the National Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority, pursuant to a Term Loan Agreement dated August 14, 2012 (the “Loan Agreement”). The Loan Agreement is evidenced by promissory notes in the amounts of $2,250,000 and $3,250,000, the repayment of which is partially guaranteed under the provisions of a USDA Rural Development Guarantee. The proceeds of the Loan have been used to acquire new processing equipment and leasehold improvements at the Company’s Kona, Hawaii facility.

The provisions of the Loan required the payment of interest only for the first 12 months of the term; thereafter, and until its maturity on August 14, 2032, the obligation fully amortizes over nineteen (19) years. Interest on the Loan accrues on the outstanding principal balance at an annual variable rate equal to the published Wall Street Journal prime rate (5.00% at June 30, 2018) plus 1.0% and is adjustable on the first day of each calendar quarter and fixed for that quarter. At no time shall the annual interest rate be less than 5.50%. The balance under this Loan was $4,596,000 and $4,648,000 at June 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively.

The Loan includes a one-time origination and guaranty fees totaling $214,500 and an annual renewal fee payable in the amount of 0.25% of the USDA guaranteed portion of the outstanding principal balance as of December 31 of each year, beginning December 31, 2012. The USDA has guaranteed 80% of all amounts owing under the Loan. The Company is subject to financial covenants and customary affirmative and negative covenants.

On October 6, 2017, the Company entered into an Equipment Finance Agreement (the “Equipment Agreement”) with a lender, which provides up to $175,000 of financing for equipment. The interest rate on this loan is 4.75%. The provisions of the Equipment Agreement require the payment of principal and interest until its maturity on October 31, 2022, the obligation fully amortizes over five (5) years. The balance under this loan was $149,000 and $156,000 at June 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively. 

Capital Leases

The Company has three capital leases providing for $278,000 in equipment, secured by the equipment financed. The capital leases mature at various dates between May 2019 and March 2021 and are payable in 60 equal monthly payments, except for one which is payable in 36 equal monthly payments. The interest rates under these capital leases range from 4.18% to 12.90%. The aggregate balance under these leases was $131,000 and $148,000 at June 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively.

Future principal payments under the term loan and capital lease agreements as of June 30, 2018 are as follows:

The Company leases facilities, equipment and land under operating leases expiring through 2035. The land lease provides for contingent rentals in excess of minimum rental commitments based on a percentage of the Company’s sales. Management has accrued for the estimated contingent rent as of June 30, 2018.

Future minimum lease payments under all non-cancelable operating leases at June 30, 2018 are as follows:

From time to time, the Company may be involved in litigation and investigations relating to claims and matters arising out of its operations in the normal course of business. The Company believes that it currently is not a party to any legal proceedings or claims which, individually or in aggregate, would have a material effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

The Company accounts for share-based payment arrangements using fair value. If an award vests or becomes exercisable based on the achievement of a condition other than service, such as for meeting certain performance or market conditions, the award is classified as a liability. Liability-classified awards are remeasured to fair value at each balance sheet date until the award is settled. The Company currently has no liability-classified awards. Equity-classified awards, including grants of employee stock options, are measured at the grant-date fair value of the award and are not subsequently remeasured unless an award is modified. The cost of equity-classified awards is recognized in the statement of operations over the period during which an employee is required to provide the service in exchange for the award, or the vesting period. All of the Company’s stock options are service-based awards, and because the Company’s stock options are “plain vanilla,” as defined by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, they are reflected only in equity and compensation expense accounts.

As of June 30, 2018, the Company had two equity-based compensation plans: the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2016 Plan) and the 2014 Independent Director Stock Option and Restricted Stock Grant Plan (the “2014 Directors Plan”). The Company has also issued stock options, which remain outstanding as of June 30, 2018, under two equity-based compensation plans which have expired according to their terms: the 2005 Stock Option Plan (the “2005 Plan”) and the 2004 Independent Director Stock Option and Stock Grant Plan (the “2004 Directors Plan”). These plans allowed the Company to award stock options and shares of restricted common stock to eligible employees, certain outside consultants and independent directors. No additional awards will be issued under the 2005 Plan or the 2004 Directors Plan.

On August 25, 2016, the Company’s shareholders approved the 2016 Plan as a successor to the 2005 Plan, authorizing the Board of Directors to provide incentive to the Company’s officers, employees and certain independent consultants through equity based compensation in the form of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and other stock based awards (together, “Stock Awards”) and performance shares and performance units (together “Performance Awards”). Awards under the 2016 Plan are limited to the authorized amount of 1,300,000 shares, up to 600,000 of which are available for issuance in connection with Performance Awards and Stock Awards. As of June 30, 2018, there were 1,131,483 shares available for grant under the 2016 Plan.

On August 28, 2014, the Company’s shareholders approved the 2014 Directors Plan authorizing the Board of Directors to provide incentive to the Company’s independent directors through equity based compensation in the form of stock options and restricted stock. Awards under the 2014 Directors Plan are limited to the authorized amount of 350,000 shares. As of June 30, 2018, there were 231,623 shares available for grant under the 2014 Directors Plan.

The following table presents shares authorized, available for future grant and outstanding under each of the Company’s plans:

Stock Options

All stock option grants made under the equity-based compensation plans were issued at exercise prices no less than the Company’s closing stock price on the date of grant. Options under the 2005 Plan and 2014 Directors Plan were determined by the Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors in accordance with the provisions of the respective plans. The terms of each option grant include vesting, exercise, and other conditions are set forth in a Stock Option Agreement evidencing each grant. No option can have a life in excess of ten (10) years. The Company records compensation expense for employee stock options based on the estimated fair value of the options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The model requires various assumptions, including a risk-free interest rate, the expected term of the options, the expected stock price volatility over the expected term of the options, and the expected dividend yield. Compensation expense for employee stock options is recognized ratably over the vesting term. Compensation expense recognized for options issued under all Plans was $18,000 and $15,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. All stock-based compensation has been classified as general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

A summary of option activity under the Company’s stock plans for the three months ended June 30, 2018 is presented below:

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above is before applicable income taxes and represents the excess amount over the exercise price optionees would have received if all options had been exercised on the last business day of the period indicated, based on the Company’s closing stock price of $3.90 for such day.  

A summary of the Company’s non-vested options for the three months ended June 30, 2018 is presented below:

The following table summarizes the weighted average characteristics of outstanding stock options as of June 30, 2018:

The range of fair value assumptions related to options granted during the year ended March 31, 2018 were as follows:

As of June 30, 2018, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to all unvested stock options was $163,000, which is expected to be expensed over a weighted average period of 2.0 years.

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)

RSUs are service-based awards granted to eligible employees under the 2016 Plan. Compensation expense recognized for RSUs issued under the 2016 Plan was $16,000 and $16,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

On April 5, 2018, 1,474 RSUs were awarded to employees of the Company. This award is valued at $5.25 per share, the closing market price of Cyanotech common stock on the grant date, and vests over a period of two years.

The following table summarizes information related to awarded RSUs:

As of June 30, 2018, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock units was $110,000, which is expected to be expensed over a weighted average period of 1.8 years. 

Subsequent to June 30, 2018, 22,449 restricted stock units were granted from the 2016 Plan to employees and officers of the Company.

On December 22, 2017 H.R. 1, originally known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, (the “Tax Act”) was enacted. Among the significant changes to the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, the Tax Act lowers the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate (“Federal Tax Rate”) from 34% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The Company will compute its income tax expense for the March 31, 2019 fiscal year using a Federal Tax Rate of 21%. The 21% Federal Tax Rate will apply to fiscal years ending March 31, 2019 and each year thereafter. The Company has completed the accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Act as of March 31, 2018 and has determined that the amount identified as provisional in the quarter ended December 31, 2018 was a materially correct amount. As a result, no measurement period adjustments have been recorded.

We utilize our estimated annual effective tax rate to determine our provision (benefit) for income taxes for interim periods. The income tax provision (benefit) is computed by multiplying the estimated annual effective tax rate by the year to date pre-tax book income (loss). We recorded income tax benefit of ($22,000) and income tax expense of $11,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Our effective tax rate was 1.7% and 2.1% for the quarters ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2018 differs from the statutory rate of 21% as a result of state taxes (net of federal benefit) and the net change in valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset the Company believes is not more likely than not to be realized.

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and six state jurisdictions. The preparation of tax returns requires management to interpret the applicable tax laws and regulations in effect in such jurisdictions, which could affect the amount of tax paid by the Company. Management, in consultation with its tax advisors, files its tax returns based on interpretations that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The income tax returns, however, are subject to routine reviews by the various taxing authorities.  As part of these reviews, a taxing authority may disagree with respect to the tax positions taken by management (“uncertain tax positions”) and therefore may require the Company to pay additional taxes. Management evaluates the requirement for additional tax accruals, including interest and penalties, which the Company could incur as a result of the ultimate resolution of its uncertain tax positions. Management reviews and updates the accrual for uncertain tax positions as more definitive information becomes available from taxing authorities, completion of tax audits, expiration of statute of limitations, or upon occurrence of other events.

As of June 30, 2018, there was no liability for income tax associated with unrecognized tax benefits. The Company recognizes accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as well as any related penalties in interest income or expense in its consolidated condensed statements of operations, which is consistent with the recognition of these items in prior reporting periods.

With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, local, and non-U.S. income tax examination by tax authorities for tax years before 2013.

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.  Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the potentially dilutive effect of outstanding stock options using the “treasury stock” method.

Reconciliations between the numerator and the denominator of the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share computations for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

Basic and diluted loss per share are the same in periods of a net loss, because common share equivalents are anti-dilutive when a net loss is recorded. Diluted earnings per share does not include the impact of common stock options totaling 120,000 and 0 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, as the effect of their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. Restricted stock units become dilutive within the period granted and remain dilutive until the units vest and are issued as common stock. Diluted earnings per share does not include the impact of restricted stock units totaling 1,206 and 27,344 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, as the effect of their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

At June 30, 2018, 79% of the Company’s accounts receivable was comprised of two customer balances of 42% and 37%, respectively. At March 31, 2018, 77% of the Company’s accounts receivable was comprised of three customer balances of 49%, 17% and 11%, respectively. There were two customers with sales representing 31% and 27% of our total net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2018. There were two customers with sales representing 32% and 13% of our total net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2017.

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with an effective date of May 5, 2018 with a vendor that employs one of our independent directors.  The Company’s independent director is not named in or involved in the performance of the consulting agreement. The contract amount is $120,000. $46,000 of the contract amount is reflected in general and administrative expense as of June 30, 2018 and no payments have been made against the contract during the three months ended June 30, 2018.