UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(MARK ONE)
	x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED APRIL 30, 2007
OR
	o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM          TO

 

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 0-19807

SYNOPSYS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

DELAWARE		56-1546236
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

 

700 EAST MIDDLEFIELD ROAD
MOUNTAIN VIEW, CA 94043
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(650) 584-5000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (l) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer  x

Accelerated filer  o

Non-accelerated filer  o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)

Yes o  No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

143,360,501 shares of Common Stock as of June 1, 2007

SYNOPSYS, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
APRIL 30, 2007
TABLE OF CONTENTS

				Page
PART I.		Financial Information		1
ITEM 1.		Financial Statements		1
		Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets		1
		Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations		2
		Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		3
		Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements		4
ITEM 2.		Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		13
ITEM 3.		Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		25
ITEM 4.		Controls and Procedures		25
PART II		Other Information		25
ITEM 1		Legal Proceedings		25
ITEM 1A.		Risk Factors		26
ITEM 2.		Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		28
ITEM 4.		Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders		28
ITEM 6.		Exhibits		29
Signatures				30

 

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SYNOPSYS, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except par value amounts)

		April 30,  2007			October 31,  2006
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	461,074		$	330,759
Short-term investments		306,463			241,963
Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments		767,537			572,722
Accounts receivable, net		166,850			122,584
Deferred income taxes		112,189			112,342
Income taxes receivable		41,539			42,538
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		32,982			44,304
Total current assets		1,121,097			894,490
Property and equipment, net		141,044			140,660
Goodwill		736,799			735,643
Intangible assets, net		81,130			106,144
Long-term deferred income taxes		191,551			206,254
Other assets		79,383			74,631
Total assets		$	2,351,004		$	2,157,822
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		$	173,156		$	234,149
Accrued income taxes		184,284			191,349
Deferred revenue		540,003			445,598
Total current liabilities		897,443			871,096
Deferred compensation and other liabilities		73,476			69,889
Long-term deferred revenue		66,461			53,670
Total liabilities		1,037,380			994,655
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value: 2,000 shares authorized; none outstanding		—			—
Common Stock, $0.01 par value: 400,000 shares authorized; 144,737 and 140,568 shares outstanding, respectively		1,447			1,406
Capital in excess of par value		1,347,232			1,316,252
Retained earnings		226,606			170,743
Treasury stock, at cost: 12,485 and 16,619 shares, respectively		(255,831		)	(312,753		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(5,830		)	(12,481		)
Total stockholders’ equity		1,313,624			1,163,167
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity		$	2,351,004		$	2,157,822

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SYNOPSYS, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

		Three Months Ended April 30,						Six Months Ended April 30,
		2007			2006			2007			2006
Revenue:
Time-based license		$	243,096		$	209,417		$	494,702		$	420,527
Upfront license		14,624			25,959			28,127			34,326
Maintenance and service		35,208			39,403			70,309			80,115
Total revenue		292,928			274,779			593,138			534,968
Cost of revenue:
License		34,657			32,582			70,177			62,639
Maintenance and service		15,550			16,904			31,696			33,477
Amortization of intangible assets		5,210			6,495			11,919			15,154
Total cost of revenue		55,417			55,981			113,792			111,270
Gross margin		237,511			218,798			479,346			423,698
Operating expenses:
Research and development		91,956			92,750			187,840			181,139
Sales and marketing		79,012			86,618			168,820			164,289
General and administrative		22,551			27,108			52,228			58,153
In-process research and development		—			—			—			800
Amortization of intangible assets		6,644			7,131			13,288			14,472
Total operating expenses		200,163			213,607			422,176			418,853
Operating income		37,348			5,191			57,170			4,845
Other income, net		19,668			3,952			27,602			7,324
Income before income taxes		57,016			9,143			84,772			12,169
Provision for income taxes		15,751			3,768			20,150			5,097
Net income		$	41,265		$	5,375		$	64,622		$	7,072
Net income per share:
Basic		$	0.29		$	0.04		$	0.45		$	0.05
Diluted		$	0.28		$	0.04		$	0.43		$	0.05
Shares used in computing per share amounts:
Basic		144,370			143,352			143,527			144,172
Diluted		149,783			146,010			148,782			146,491

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SYNOPSYS, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)

		Six Months Ended April 30,
		2007			2006
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income		$	64,622		$	7,072
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization and depreciation		52,676			57,974
Share-based compensation		30,565			32,333
In-process research and development		—			800
Deferred income taxes		10,677			70
Provision for doubtful accounts		(330		)	375
Net change in deferred gains and losses on cash flow hedges		2,990			(475		)
Write-down of long-term investments		—			1,336
(Gain) on sale of land		(4,284		)	—
(Gain) loss on sale of short and long-term investments		(1		)	20
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquired assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(43,935		)	(37,501		)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(11,272		)	(5,483		)
Other assets		487			(6,905		)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(59,642		)	(67,276		)
Accrued income taxes		(4,592		)	(4,374		)
Deferred revenue		107,196			61,315
Deferred compensation and other liabilities		(926		)	7,397
Net cash provided by operating activities		144,231			46,678
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash received		—			(11,894		)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments		113,351			136,093
Purchases of short-term investments		(178,782		)	(194,084		)
Purchases of long-term investments		—			(1,539		)
Purchases of property and equipment		(24,520		)	(23,136		)
Proceeds from sale of land		26,298			—
Capitalization of software development costs		(1,592		)	(1,523		)
Net cash used in investing activities		(65,245		)	(96,083		)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Issuances of common stock		130,240			38,428
Repurchases of common stock		(81,394		)	(99,026		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		48,846			(60,598		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		2,483			498
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		130,315			(109,505		)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		330,759			404,436
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period		$	461,074		$	294,931

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SYNOPSYS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1.   Description of Business

Synopsys, Inc. (Synopsys or the Company) is a provider of electronic design automation (EDA) software for semiconductor design companies. The Company delivers technology-leading semiconductor design and verification platforms and integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing products to the global electronics market, enabling the development and production of complex systems-on-chips (SoCs). In addition, the Company provides: (1) intellectual property (IP) and design services to simplify the design process and accelerate time-to-market for our customers; and (2) software and services that help customers prepare and optimize their designs for manufacturing.

Note 2.   Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission). Pursuant to these rules and regulations, the Company has condensed or omitted certain information and footnote disclosures it normally includes in its annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).  In management’s opinion, the Company has made all adjustments (consisting only of normal, recurring adjustments, except as otherwise indicated) necessary to fairly present its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.  The Company’s interim period operating results do not necessarily indicate the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full fiscal year.  These financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in Synopsys’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2006 on file with the Commission.

To prepare financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management must make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.  Actual results could differ from these estimates and may result in material effects on the Company’s operating results and financial position.

Principles of Consolidation.   The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Fiscal Year End.   The Company has adopted a fiscal year ending on the Saturday nearest to October 31. The Company’s second fiscal quarter ended on May 5, 2007.  Fiscal 2007 is a 53-week fiscal year and as a result, the six months ended April 30, 2007 had 27 weeks.  Fiscal 2006 was a 52-week year. For presentation purposes, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes refer to the applicable calendar month end.

Basis of Presentation.   Certain immaterial amounts in prior year financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. In particular, the Company reclassified prior year compensation charges relating to the Company’s deferred compensation plans from other income (expense) into the related functional classifications in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. These reclassifications had no impact on net income for each of the reporting periods presented.

Note 3.   Share-based Compensation

Accounting for Share-based Compensation

On November 1, 2005, the Company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123(R)), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense based on estimated fair value for all share-based payment awards including stock options, employee stock purchases under employee stock purchase plans, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options and employee stock purchase plans awards under SFAS 123(R). The Black-Scholes option-pricing model incorporates various subjective assumptions including expected volatility, expected term and interest rates. The expected volatility for both stock options and

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employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) is estimated by a combination of implied volatility for publicly traded options of the Company’s stock with a term of six months or longer and the historical stock price volatility over the estimated expected term of the Company’s share-based awards. The expected term of the Company’s share-based awards is based on historical experience.

The assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted and stock purchase rights granted under the Company’s stock option plans and ESPP for the three and six months ended April 30, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:

		Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
		2007		2006		2007		2006
Options
Volatility		30.27% - 30.77%		41.77% - 42.39%		30.27% - 32.11%		41.7 - 43.47%
Expected term (years)		4.3		3.8		4.3		3.8
Risk-free interest rate		4.47% - 4.62%		4.6 - 4.91%		4.35% - 4.73%		4.29% - 4.91%
Expected dividend yield		0%		0%		0%		0%
Weighted average grant date fair value		$8.50		$8.62		$8.57		$8.27
ESPP
Volatility		19.61% - 44.85%		21.62% - 40.33%		19.61% - 44.85%		21.62% - 51.54%
Expected term (years)		0.5 - 2.0		0.5 - 2.0		0.5 - 2.0		0.5 - 2.0
Risk-free interest rate		3.58% - 5.09%		4.69% - 4.75%		3.58% - 5.09%		3.00% - 4.75%
Expected dividend yield		0%		0%		0%		0%
Weighted average grant date fair value		$6.43		$7.96		$6.43		$6.87

 

During the first six months of fiscal 2007, 1.3 million restricted stock units were granted under the 2006 Employee Equity Incentive Plan (“Employee Plan”) with a weighted average grant date fair market value of $26.85 per share.  Restricted stock units are valued based on the closing price of the Company’s stock on the grant date.  In general, restricted stock units vest over four years and are subject to the employees’ continuing service to the Company.   Restricted stock units were granted as part of the Company’s new hire and annual incentive compensation program starting in fiscal 2007.  Each restricted stock unit granted reduces the number of shares available for future grant by 1.36 shares and each restricted stock unit canceled increases shares available for future grant by 1.36 shares under the Employee Plan.

As of April 30, 2007, there was $95.5 million of unamortized share-based compensation expense which is expected to be amortized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.3 years. The intrinsic value of options exercised during three and six months ended April 30, 2007 were $14.9 million and $47.6 million, respectively. The intrinsic value of options exercised during three and six months ended April 30, 2006 were $4.4 million and $7.4 million, respectively.

The compensation cost recognized in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations for these share-based compensation arrangements was as follows:

		Three Months Ended April 30,						Six Months Ended April 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)		2007			2006			2007			2006
Cost of license		$	1,621		$	1,330		$	3,473		$	2,949
Cost of maintenance and service		572			728			1,353			1,584
Research and development expense		5,875			6,385			10,602			14,535
Sales and marketing expense		3,645			3,722			9,311			8,432
General and administrative expense		2,636			1,737			5,826			4,833
Share-based compensation expense before taxes		14,349			13,902			30,565			32,333
Income tax benefit		(3,428		)	(3,134		)	(7,323		)	(7,290		)
Share-based compensation expense after taxes		$	10,921		$	10,768		$	23,242		$	25,043

 

SFAS 123(R) requires the cash flows resulting from the tax benefits for tax deductions in excess of the compensation expense recorded for those options (excess tax benefits) to be classified as cash from financing activities. Under SFAS 123(R), the Company uses the straight-line attribution method to recognize share-based compensation costs over the service period of the award. To calculate the excess tax benefits available for use in offsetting future tax shortfalls as of the date of implementation, the Company followed the alternative transition method discussed in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Staff Position No. 123(R)-3. The Company has not recorded any excess tax benefits during fiscal years 2007 and 2006.

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Note 4.   Stock Repurchase Program

The Company is authorized to purchase up to $500.0 million of its common stock under a stock repurchase program originally established by the Company’s Board of Directors (Board) in December 2004.  The Company repurchases shares to offset dilution caused by ongoing stock issuances such as existing employee stock option plans, existing stock purchase plans and acquisitions. During the three and six months ended April 30, 2007, the Company purchased 2.4 million shares at an average price of $26.38 per share, and 3.1 million shares at an average price of $26.45 per share, respectively. During the three and six months ended April 30, 2006, the Company purchased 0.8 million shares at an average price of $21.57 per share, and 4.7 million shares at an average price of $21.04 per share, respectively. The aggregate purchase prices were $81.4 million and $99.0 million in the six months ended April 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. During the three and six months ended April 30, 2007, approximately 2.8 million and 7.2 million shares were reissued respectively, for employee share-based compensation requirements. During the three and six months ended April 30, 2006, approximately 0.6 million and 1.3 million shares were reissued, respectively, for employee share-based compensation requirements. On March 22, 2007 the Board replenished the stock repurchase program to $500.0 million. As of April 30, 2007, $500.0 million remained available for further purchases under the program.

Note 5.            Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill as of April 30, 2007 consisted of the following:

		(in thousands)
Balance at October 31, 2006		$	735,643
Adjustments(1)		1,156
Balance at April 30, 2007		$	736,799

(1)             Income tax related adjustments of $1.5 million offset by adjustments related to a reduction of merger costs of $0.4 million for prior acquisitions.

Intangible assets as of April 30, 2007 consisted of the following:

		Gross Assets			Accumulated Amortization			Net Assets
		(in thousands)
Customer relationships		$	142,440		$	106,538		$	35,902
Core/developed technology		327,411			290,565			36,846
Contract rights intangible		66,070			64,045			2,025
Other intangibles		8,883			7,556			1,327
Covenants not to compete		12,944			12,063			881
Trademarks and tradenames		18,207			18,037			170
Capitalized software development costs		15,947			11,968			3,979
Total		$	591,902		$	510,772		$	81,130

 

Intangible assets as of October 31, 2006 consisted of the following:

		Gross Assets			Accumulated Amortization			Net Assets
		(in thousands)
Customer relationships		$	142,440		$	94,270		$	48,170
Core/developed technology		327,411			280,725			46,686
Contract rights intangible		66,070			63,012			3,058
Other intangibles		8,883			6,076			2,807
Covenants not to compete		12,944			11,498			1,446
Trademarks and tradenames		18,207			18,017			190
Capitalized software development costs		14,113			10,326			3,787
Total		$	590,068		$	483,924		$	106,144

 

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Total amortization expense related to intangible assets consisted of the following:

		Three Months Ended April 30,						Six Months Ended April 30,
		2007			2006			2007			2006
		(in thousands)
Customer relationships		$	6,134		$	6,040		$	12,268		$	11,972
Core/developed technology		4,170			5,434			9,840			12,948
Contract rights intangible		517			533			1,033			1,448
Other intangibles		740			766			1,480			1,544
Covenants not to compete		283			835			565			1,669
Trademarks and tradenames		10			17			20			1,434
Capitalized software development costs(1)		832			721			1,642			43
Total		$	12,686		$	14,346		$	26,848		$	31,058

(1)             Amortization of capitalized software development costs is included in cost of license in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table presents the estimated future amortization of intangible assets:

		(in thousands)
Fiscal Years:
Remainder of 2007		$	24,832
2008		33,488
2009		15,790
2010		4,753
2011		1,750
Thereafter		517
Total		$	81,130

 

Note 6. Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities consist of:

		April 30, 2007			October 31, 2006
		(in thousands)
Payroll and related benefits		$	108,368		$	159,823
Acquisition related costs		1,194			2,388
Other accrued liabilities		56,999			56,933
Accounts payable		6,595			15,005
Total		$	173,156		$	234,149

 

Note 7.   Credit Facility

On October 20, 2006, the Company entered into a five-year, $300.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility providing for loans to the Company and certain of its foreign subsidiaries. The facility replaces the Company’s previous $250.0 million senior unsecured credit facility, which was terminated effective October 20, 2006. The amount of the facility may be increased by up to an additional $150.0 million through the fourth year of the facility. The facility contains financial covenants requiring the Company to maintain a minimum leverage ratio and specified levels of cash, as well as other non-financial covenants. The facility terminates on October 20, 2011. Borrowings under the facility bear interest at the greater of the administrative agent’s prime rate or the federal funds rate plus 0.50%; however, the Company has the option to pay interest based on the outstanding amount at Eurodollar rates plus a spread between 0.50% and 0.70% based on a pricing grid tied to a financial covenant. In addition, commitment fees are payable on the facility at rates between 0.125% and 0.175% per year based on a pricing grid tied to a financial covenant. As of April 30, 2007, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under this credit facility and was in compliance with all the covenants.

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Note 8.   Comprehensive Income

The following table sets forth the components of comprehensive income, net of tax:

		Three Months Ended April 30,						Six Months Ended April 30,
		2007			2006			2007			2006
		(in thousands)
Net income		$	41,265		$	5,375		$	64,622		$	7,072
Unrealized gains (loss) on investments, net of tax of ($111) and ($49), for three and six months ended April 30, 2007, respectively, and of $316 and $120 for each of the same periods in fiscal 2006, respectively.		165			(657		)	73			(342		)
Deferred gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, net of tax of ($37) and ($507), for three and six months ended April 30, 2007, respectively, and of ($17) and $390 for each of the same periods in fiscal 2006, respectively.		1,648			57			2,483			(304		)
Reclassification adjustment on deferred losses (gains) on cash flow hedges, net of tax of ($64) and ($165), for three and six months ended April 30, 2007, respectively, and of $59 and ($492) for each of the same periods in fiscal 2006, respectively.		118			(194		)	295			294
Foreign currency translation adjustment		3,286			183			3,800			1,083
Total		$	46,482		$	4,764		$	71,273		$	7,803

 

Note 9.   Net Income per Share

In accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings per Share (SFAS 128), the Company computes basic income per share by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share reflects the dilution of potential common shares outstanding such as stock options and unvested restricted stock units and awards during the period using the treasury stock method.

Diluted net income per share excludes 6.3 million and 19.7 million of anti-dilutive options and unvested restricted stock units and awards for the three months ended April 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively; and 8.9 million and 23.4 million of anti-dilutive options and unvested restricted stock units and awards for the six months ended April 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. While these options and unvested restricted stock units and awards were anti-dilutive for the respective periods, they could be dilutive in the future.

The table below reconciles the weighted-average common shares used to calculate basic net income per share with the weighted-average common shares used to calculate diluted net income per share.

		Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
		2007		2006		2007		2006
		(in thousands)
Weighted-average common shares for basic net income per share		144,370		143,352		143,527		144,172
Dilutive effect of common share equivalents from equity-based compensation		5,413		2,658		5,255		2,319
Weighted-average common shares for diluted net income per share		149,783		146,010		148,782		146,491

 

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Note 10.        Segment Disclosure

SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information (SFAS 131) requires disclosures of certain information regarding operating segments, products and services, geographic areas of operation and major customers. SFAS 131 reporting is based upon the “management approach,” i.e., how management organizes the Company’s operating segments for which separate financial information is (1) available and (2) evaluated regularly by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Synopsys’ CODMs are the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer.

The Company provides software products and consulting services in the electronic design automation software industry. The Company operates in a single segment. In making operating decisions, the CODMs primarily consider consolidated financial information, accompanied by disaggregated information about revenues by geographic region. Specifically, the CODMs consider where individual “seats” or licenses to the Company’s products are used in allocating revenue to particular geographic areas. Revenue is defined as revenues from external customers. Goodwill is not allocated since the Company operates in one reportable operating segment.

Revenue and property and equipment, net related to operations in the United States and other geographic areas were:

		Three Months Ended April 30,						Six Months Ended April 30,
		2007			2006			2007			2006
		(in thousands)
Revenue:
United States		$	147,839		$	139,819		$	295,801		$	273,158
Europe		45,121			42,140			93,281			83,694
Japan		46,027			49,055			96,590			90,949
Asia-Pacific and other		53,941			43,765			107,466			87,167
Consolidated		$	292,928		$	274,779		$	593,138		$	534,968

 

Geographic revenue data for multi-region, multi-product transactions reflect internal allocations and is therefore subject to certain assumptions and to the Company’s methodology.

For management reporting purposes, the Company organizes its products and services into five distinct groups: Galaxy Design Platform, Discovery Verification Platform, Intellectual Property (IP), Design for Manufacturing, and Professional Services and Other. The Company includes revenue from companies or products the Company has acquired during a period from the acquisition date through the end of the relevant periods. The following table summarizes the revenue attributable to these groups:

		Three Months Ended April 30,						Six Months Ended April 30,
		2007			2006			2007			2006
		(in thousands)
Revenue:
Galaxy Design Platform		$	143,358		$	141,296		$	294,486		$	284,174
Discovery Verification Platform		76,011			64,021			154,324			125,479
Intellectual Property		24,955			20,878			48,338			37,707
Design for Manufacturing		32,901			34,129			66,997			60,886
Professional Services & Other		15,703			14,455			28,993			26,722
Consolidated		$	292,928		$	274,779		$	593,138		$	534,968

 

One customer accounted for more than ten percent of the Company’s consolidated revenue in the three and six months ended April 30, 2007 and 2006.

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Note 11. Other Income, net

The following table presents the components of other income, net:

		Three Months Ended April 30,						Six Months Ended April 30,
		2007			2006			2007			2006
		(in thousands)
Interest income, net		$	5,897		$	3,346		$	10,806		$	6,344
Income on assets related to executive deferred compensation plan		1,306			2,621			4,634			3,970
Other (1)		12,465			(2,015		)	12,162			(2,990		)
Total		$	19,668		$	3,952		$	27,602		$	7,324

(1)          Includes litigation settlement of $12.5 million in the three and six months ended April 30, 2007.  See Note 13 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 12.   Taxes

Effective Tax Rate

The Company estimates its annual effective tax rate at the end of each quarterly period. The Company’s estimate takes into account estimations of annual pre-tax income (loss), the geographic mix of pre-tax income (loss) and the Company’s interpretations of tax laws and possible outcomes of audits.

The following table presents the provision for income taxes and the effective tax rates for the three months and six months ended April 30, 2007 and 2006:

		Three Months Ended April 30,						Six Months Ended April 30,
		2007			2006			2007			2006
		(dollars in thousands)
Income before income taxes		$	57,016		$	9,143		$	84,772		$	12,169
Provision for income tax		$	15,751		$	3,768		$	20,150		$	5,097
Effective tax rate		27.6		%	41.2		%	23.8		%	41.9		%

 

The effective tax rate decreased in the three and six months ended April 30, 2007, as compared to the same periods in fiscal 2006, primarily due to a reduction in foreign withholding tax liabilities, the benefit of a new exception to current U.S. taxation of certain foreign intercompany income and the extension of the federal research and development tax credit.  In addition, the first quarter provision was also reduced by a non-recurring benefit of $1.8 million due to the reenactment of the federal research and development credit retroactive to January 1, 2006.

IRS Revenue Agent’s Report.   On June 8, 2005, the Company received a Revenue Agent’s Report (RAR) in which the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) proposed to assess a net tax deficiency for fiscal years 2000 and 2001 of approximately $476.8 million, plus interest. Interest accrues on the amount of any deficiency finally determined until paid, and compounds daily at the federal underpayment rate, which adjusts quarterly. This proposed adjustment primarily relates to transfer pricing transactions between the Company and a wholly-owned foreign subsidiary. The proposed adjustment for fiscal years 2000 and 2001 is the total amount relating to these transactions asserted under the IRS theories.

On July 13, 2005, the Company filed a protest to the proposed deficiency with the IRS, which caused the matter to be referred to the Appeals Office of the IRS. The appeals process commenced during the second quarter of fiscal 2007. However, final resolution of this matter could take a considerable time. The Company strongly believes the proposed IRS adjustments and resulting proposed deficiency are inconsistent with applicable tax laws, and that the Company thus has meritorious defenses to these proposed IRS adjustments. Accordingly, the Company will continue to challenge these proposed adjustments vigorously. While it believes the IRS’ asserted adjustments are not supported by applicable law, the Company believes it is probable it will be required to make additional payments in order to resolve this matter. However, based on the Company’s analysis to date, the Company believes it has adequately provided for this matter. If the Company determines its provision for this matter to be inadequate or the Company is required to pay a significant amount of additional U.S. taxes and applicable interest in excess of its provision for this matter, its results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

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In the third quarter of fiscal year 2006, the IRS started an examination of the Company’s federal income tax returns for the fiscal years 2002 through 2004. As of April 30, 2007, the examination is still in progress and no adjustments have been proposed by the IRS which would require an adjustment to the tax provision.

Note 13.   Contingencies

Synopsys v. Magma Design Automation, Inc.

In September 2004, Synopsys filed suit against Magma Design Automation, Inc. (“Magma”) in U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California alleging infringement by Magma of three patents. In April 2006, the parties proceeded to trial on the issue of ownership of these patents. In December 2006, the Company filed a motion for a preliminary injunction to require Magma to withdraw its claim of ownership on the patents considered during the trial. In January 2007, the court granted our motion and directed Magma to transfer record title to Synopsys. Also in January 2007, the court ruled that Synopsys is the sole owner of one of the patents in the litigation and that Synopsys and IBM are co-owners of the other two patents.

In September 2005, the Company filed two additional actions against Magma. One of the actions, filed in the Superior Court of California and later removed to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, alleged that Magma engaged in actions that constituted common law and statutory unfair business practices. In the remaining action, the Company asserted three patents against Magma in U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. In its answer and counterclaims, Magma asserted patents against Synopsys and alleged that the Company had engaged in various practices that constitute antitrust violations and had violated various state laws. Magma sought declaratory relief that the patents asserted by Synopsys were invalid or unenforceable. Magma also sought an injunction prohibiting Synopsys from infringing the patents it had asserted, and sought  unspecified damages. Synopsys filed an answer denying Magma’s allegations and asserting that the Magma patents at issue were either unenforceable or invalid. On February 21, 2007, the Court dismissed all antitrust and non-patent claims brought by Magma against Synopsys with prejudice based upon a stipulation by the parties.

On March 29, 2007, the parties agreed to settle all outstanding litigation between them and all such actions have been dismissed with prejudice.  As part of the settlement, Magma paid Synopsys an aggregate of $12.5 million and the Company has recorded this amount in other income, net in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations.

See also the disclosure in Note 12 above regarding the IRS Revenue Agent’s Report.

Note 14.   Effect of New Accounting Pronouncements

In September 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108, Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements, (SAB 108). SAB 108 addresses the process and diversity in practice of quantifying misstatements and provides interpretive guidance on the consideration of the effects of prior year misstatements in quantifying current year misstatements for the purpose of a materiality assessment. The SEC staff believes that registrants should quantify errors using both a balance sheet (iron curtain) and an income statement (rollover) approach and evaluate whether either approach results in quantifying a misstatement that, when all relevant quantitative and qualitative factors are considered, is material. In the year of adoption, SAB 108 allows a one-time cumulative effect transition adjustment for errors that were not previously deemed material, but are material under the guidance in SAB 108. The guidance in SAB 108 must be applied to annual financial statements for fiscal years ending after November 15, 2006. The Company will be required to adopt the provisions of SAB 108 by the end of fiscal 2007. The Company is currently evaluating the requirements of SAB 108 and the potential impact upon adoption. Historically, the Company has evaluated uncorrected differences utilizing the “rollover” approach. Although the Company believes its prior period assessments of uncorrected differences utilizing the “rollover” approach and the conclusions reached regarding its quantitative and qualitative assessments of such uncorrected differences were appropriate, the Company expects that, due to the analysis required in SAB 108, certain historical uncorrected differences during fiscal 1999 through fiscal 2004 related to share-based compensation and fixed assets, will be corrected upon adoption.

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The Company has not yet completed its analysis of SAB 108; however, it estimates that the historical uncorrected differences related to fiscal 1999 through fiscal 2004 will be approximately $11 to $15 million. However, the Company is continuing to evaluate the impact of adopting SAB 108 and, as a result, the actual adjustment could be higher or lower than the estimate as a result of quantification of known immaterial errors or identification of additional immaterial errors.

In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48). The interpretation contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions accounted for in accordance with SFAS 109. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining whether it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount which is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement.  In May 2007, the FASB issued staff position No. FIN 48-1 (“FSP FIN 48-1”), Definition of Settlement in FASB Interpretation No. 48 which amended FIN 48 to provide guidance about how an enterprise should determine whether a tax position is effectively settled for the purpose of recognizing previously unrecognized tax benefits. Under FSP FIN 48-1, a tax position could be effectively settled on completion of an examination by a taxing authority if certain other conditions are satisfied. The provisions are effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2008.  The Company has not determined the impact this interpretation will have on the Company’s consolidated financial position and  results of operations in fiscal year 2008.

In February 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement No. 159, the Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities — Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 (SFAS 159).  SFAS 159 expands the use of fair value measurement to report all financial instruments at fair value.  Its objective is to improve financial reporting by allowing entities to use fair value measurement for financial instruments in periods subsequent to adoption without using the complex hedging-accounting provisions.  Under SFAS 159, entities may measure specified financial instruments at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings at each subsequent reporting period.  SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007.  The requirements are effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2009. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, SFAS 159 may have on the Company’s result in its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

For the effect of the recent accounting pronouncements, references are made to Note 14 of Notes To Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2006.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following overview of our financial condition and results of operations is qualified in its entirety by the more complete discussion contained in this Item 2. The risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2006 as filed with the SEC on January 11, 2007 have not substantively changed, except as set forth in Part II, Item 1A below.

Overview

Business Environment

We generate substantially all of our revenue from customers in the semiconductor and electronics industries. Our customers typically fund purchases of our software and services largely out of their research and development (R&D) budgets and, to a lesser extent, their manufacturing and capital budgets. As a result, our customers’ business outlook and willingness to invest in new and increasingly complex chip designs heavily influence our business.

Since the 2000 through 2002 semiconductor downturn and subsequent recovery, our customers have focused significantly on expense reductions, including in their R&D budgets. This expense outlook has affected us in a number of ways. First, some customers have reduced their EDA expenditures by decreasing their level of EDA tool purchases, using older generations of EDA products or by not renewing maintenance services. Second, customers bargain more intensely on pricing and payment terms, which has affected revenues industry-wide. For example, customers’ desire to conserve cash by paying for licenses over time resulted in a shift of our license mix to an almost completely ratable model in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2004, in which substantially more revenue is recognized over time rather than at the time of shipment. This shift adversely affected our total revenue in fiscal 2004, 2005 and 2006. Third, some customers are consolidating their EDA purchases with fewer suppliers in order to lower their overall cost of ownership while at the same time meeting new technology challenges. This has increased competition among EDA vendors.

Recognizing that our customers will continue to spend cautiously and will work to aggressively contain costs, we are intensely focused on improving our customers’ overall economics of design by providing more fully integrated design solutions and offering customers the opportunity to consolidate their EDA spending with us. Over the long term, we believe EDA industry spending growth will continue to depend on growth in semiconductor R&D spending and on continued growth in the overall semiconductor market. The Semiconductor Industry Association has forecasted modest growth in semiconductor revenues during 2007 and we believe semiconductor R&D spending will grow as well. However, we cannot currently predict whether this outlook will contribute to higher EDA industry spending.

Financial Performance for the Three Months Ended April 30, 2007

·              Total revenue was $292.9 million, up 7% from $274.8 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2006, primarily reflecting our fourth quarter fiscal 2004 license model shift, as increasing ratable license orders in prior periods contribute to increased time-based revenue in later periods.

·              Time-based license revenue was $243.1 million, up 16% from $209.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2006, as increasing prior period ratable license orders contribute to increased time-based revenue in later periods.

·              Upfront license revenue was $14.6 million, down 44% from $26.0 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2006, reflecting fluctuation in customer license type requirements.

·              We derived approximately 94% of our software license revenue from time-based licenses and 6% from upfront license revenue in the current quarter, versus 89% and 11%, respectively, in the same quarter last year, reflecting our highly ratable license model.

·              Maintenance revenue was $17.5 million, down 34% from $26.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2006, resulting primarily from the shift to a more ratable license model (which reduces new maintenance orders because maintenance is included with time-based licenses and not billed separately) and, to a lesser extent, by non-renewal of maintenance by some of our existing perpetual license customers. Professional services and other revenue, at $17.7 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2007, increased 36% from $13.0 million in the same period of fiscal 2006 due to the timing of customer acceptance of services performed under ongoing contracts and continued full utilization of our services capacity.

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·              Net income was $41.3 million compared to $5.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2006, primarily due to increased revenue, improved operating margin and a non-recurring gain from a litigation settlement and sale of land.

·              We repurchased approximately 2.4 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $26.38 per share for approximately $63.3 million.

·              Net cash provided by operations increased 209% from $46.7 million in the six months ended April 30, 2006 to $144.2 million in the six months ended April 30, 2007 as a result of decreased vendor payments and higher collections.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We base the discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations upon our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which we prepare in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. In preparing these financial statements, we must make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates based on historical experience and various other assumptions we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results may differ from these estimates.

The accounting policies that most frequently require us to make estimates and judgments, and therefore are critical to understanding our results of operations, are:

·              Revenue recognition;

·              Valuation of share-based compensation;

·              Valuation of intangible assets; and

·              Income taxes.

We describe our revenue recognition and share-based compensation policies below. Our remaining critical accounting policies and estimates are discussed in Part II, Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2006, filed with the SEC on January 11, 2007.

Revenue Recognition. We recognize revenue from software licenses and maintenance and service revenue. Software license revenue consists of fees associated with the licensing of our software. Maintenance and service revenue consists of maintenance fees associated with perpetual and term licenses and professional service fees.

We have designed and implemented revenue recognition policies in accordance with Statement of Position (SOP) 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition,” as amended.

With respect to software licenses, we utilize three license types:

·              Technology Subscription Licenses (TSLs), are time-based licenses for a finite term, and generally provide the customer limited rights to receive, or to exchange certain quantities of licensed software for, unspecified future technology. We bundle and do not charge separately for post-contract customer support (maintenance) for the term of the license.

·              Term Licenses, are also for a finite term, but do not provide the customer any rights to receive, or to exchange licensed software for, unspecified future technology. Customers purchase maintenance separately for the first year and may renew annually for the balance of the term. The annual maintenance fee is typically calculated as a percentage of the net license fee.

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·       Perpetual Licenses, continue as long as the customer renews maintenance plus an additional 20 years. Perpetual licenses do not provide the customer any rights to receive, or to exchange licensed software for, unspecified future technology. Customers purchase maintenance separately for the first year and may renew annually.

For the three software license types, we recognize revenue as follows:

·       TSLs.   We typically recognize revenue from TSL fees (which include bundled maintenance) ratably over the term of the license period, or as customer installments become due and payable, whichever is later. Revenue attributable to TSLs is reported as “time-based license revenue” in the statement of operations.

·       Term Licenses.   We recognize the term license fee in full upon shipment of the software if payment terms require the customer to pay at least 75% of the term license fee within one year from shipment and all other revenue recognition criteria are met. Revenue attributable to these term licenses is reported as “upfront license revenue” in the statement of operations. For term licenses in which less than 75% of the term license fee is due within one year from shipment, we recognize revenue as customer installments become due and payable. This revenue is reported as “time-based license revenue” in the statement of operations.

·       Perpetual Licenses.   We recognize the perpetual license fee in full upon shipment of the software if payment terms require the customer to pay at least 75% of the perpetual license fee within one year from shipment and all other revenue recognition criteria are met. Revenue attributable to these perpetual licenses is reported as “upfront license revenue” in the statement of operations. For perpetual licenses in which less than 75% of the license fee is payable within one year from shipment, we recognize the revenue as customer installments become due and payable. Revenue attributable to these perpetual licenses is reported as “time-based license revenue” in the statement of operations.

In addition, we recognize revenue from maintenance fees associated with term and perpetual licenses ratably over the maintenance period and recognize revenue from professional service and training fees as these services are performed and accepted by the customer. Revenue attributable to maintenance, professional services and training is reported as “maintenance and service revenue” in the statement of operations.

Our determination of fair value of each element in multiple element arrangements is based on vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE). VSOE for each element is based on the price charged when the element is sold separately.

We have analyzed all of the elements included in our multiple-element software arrangements and have determined that we have sufficient VSOE to allocate revenue to the maintenance components of our perpetual and term license products and to professional services. Accordingly, if all other revenue recognition criteria are met, we recognize license revenue from perpetual and term licenses upon delivery using the residual method, we recognize revenue from maintenance ratably over the maintenance term, and we recognize revenue from professional services as the related services are performed and accepted. We recognize revenue from TSLs ratably over the term of the license, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met, since there is not sufficient VSOE to allocate the TSL fee between license and maintenance services.

We make significant judgments related to revenue recognition. Specifically, in connection with each transaction involving our products, we must evaluate whether: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (2) delivery of software or services has occurred, (3) the fee for the software or services is fixed or determinable, and (4) collectibility of the full license or service fee is probable. All four of these criteria must be met in order for us to recognize revenue with respect to a particular arrangement. We apply these revenue recognition criteria as follows.

·       Persuasive Evidence of an Arrangement Exists.   Prior to recognizing revenue on an arrangement, our customary policy is to have a written contract, signed by both the customer and us or a purchase order from those customers that have previously negotiated a standard end-user license arrangement or purchase agreement.

·       Delivery Has Occurred.   We deliver software to our customers physically or electronically. For physical deliveries, the standard transfer terms are typically FOB shipping point. For electronic deliveries, delivery occurs when we provide the customer access codes, or “license keys,” that allow the customer to take immediate possession of the software by downloading it to the customer’s hardware. We generally ship our software products or license keys promptly after acceptance of customer orders. However, a number of factors can affect the timing of product shipments and, as a result, timing of revenue recognition, including the delivery dates requested by customers and our operational capacity to fulfill software license orders at the end of a quarter.

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·       The Fee is Fixed or Determinable.   Our determination that an arrangement fee is fixed or determinable depends principally on the arrangement’s payment terms. Our standard payment terms require 75% or more of the arrangement fee to be paid within one year. If the arrangement includes these terms, we regard the fee as fixed or determinable, and recognize all license revenue under the arrangement in full upon delivery (assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met). If the arrangement does not include these terms, we do not consider the fee to be fixed or determinable and generally recognize revenue when customer installments are due and payable. In the case of a TSL, we recognize revenue ratably even if the fee is fixed or determinable, due to the fact that VSOE for maintenance services does not exist for a TSL and due to revenue recognition criteria relating to arrangements that include rights to exchange products or receive unspecified future technology.

·       Collectibility is Probable.   We judge collectibility of the arrangement fees on a customer-by-customer basis pursuant to our credit review policy. We typically sell to customers with whom we have a history of successful collection. For a new customer, or when an existing customer substantially expands its commitments to us, we evaluate the customer’s financial position and ability to pay and typically assign a credit limit based on that review. We increase the credit limit only after we have established a successful collection history with the customer. If we determine at any time that collectibility is not probable under a particular arrangement based upon our credit review process or the customer’s payment history, we recognize revenue under that arrangement as customer payments are actually received.

Valuation of Share-Based Compensation.   Effective November 1, 2005, we adopted the provisions of SFAS 123(R) using the modified prospective method. SFAS 123(R) establishes standards for accounting for transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments, such as stock options, stock purchase rights, restricted stock or restricted stock units, for goods or services, such as the services of the entity’s employees. SFAS 123(R) also addresses transactions in which an entity incurs liabilities in exchange for goods or services that are based on the fair value of the entity’s equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of those equity instruments. SFAS 123(R) eliminates the ability to account for share-based compensation transactions using the intrinsic value method under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and generally requires instead that these transactions be accounted for using a fair-value based method. Accordingly, we measure share-based compensation cost at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and recognize the expense over the employee’s requisite service period using the straight-line attribution method. The measurement of share-based compensation cost is based on several criteria including, but not limited to, the valuation model used and associated input factors, such as expected term of the award, stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate and award cancellation rate. These input factors are subjective and are determined using management’s judgment. If a difference arises between the assumptions used in determining share-based compensation cost and the actual factors which become known over time, we may change the input factors used in determining future share-based compensation costs. Any of these changes could materially impact our results of operations in the period in which the changes are made and in periods thereafter.

Results of Operations

Revenue Background

We generate our revenue from the sale of software licenses, maintenance and professional services. Under current accounting rules and policies applicable to different kinds of license arrangements, we recognize revenue from orders we receive for software licenses and services at varying times. In general, we recognize revenue on a time-based software license order over the license term and on an upfront term or perpetual software license order at the time the license is shipped. Substantially all of our current time-based licenses are technology subscription licenses, or TSLs, with an average license term of approximately three years. Maintenance orders generally generate revenue ratably over the maintenance period (generally one year). Professional services orders generally generate revenue upon completion and customer acceptance of contractually agreed milestones. A more complete description of our revenue recognition policy can be found above under Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.

Our revenue in any fiscal quarter is equal to the sum of our time-based license, upfront license, maintenance and professional service revenue for the period. We derive time-based license revenue in any quarter almost entirely from TSL orders received and delivered in prior quarters. We derive upfront license revenue directly from upfront license orders booked and shipped during the quarter. We derive maintenance revenue in any quarter largely from maintenance orders received in prior quarters since our maintenance orders generally yield revenue ratably over a term of one year. We also derive professional services revenue almost entirely from orders received in prior quarters, since we recognize revenue from professional services when those services are delivered and accepted, not when they are ordered.

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Our license revenue is very sensitive to the mix of time-based and upfront licenses delivered during the quarter. A TSL order typically yields lower current quarter revenue but contributes to revenue in future periods. For example, a $120,000 order for a three-year TSL shipped on the last day of a quarter typically generates no revenue in that quarter, but $10,000 in each of the twelve succeeding quarters. Conversely, upfront licenses generate higher current quarter revenue but no future revenue (e.g., a $120,000 order for an upfront license generates $120,000 in revenue in the quarter the product is shipped, but no future revenue). TSLs also result in a shift of maintenance revenue to time-based license revenue since maintenance is included in TSLs, while maintenance on upfront orders is charged and reported separately.

Total Revenue

 

Time-Based License Revenue

 

The increase in total revenue and time-based revenue for the three and six months ended April 30, 2007 compared to the same periods of fiscal 2006 was primarily due to (1) the change in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2004 in our license model to a highly ratable model under which ratable license orders in prior periods continue to contribute to time-based license revenue in later periods, (2) increasing bookings of time-based licenses in prior periods continuing to contribute revenue over their license term in current periods, and (3) the fact that the first quarter of fiscal 2007 had 14 weeks compared to 13 weeks in the same quarter of fiscal 2006, resulting in one week’s additional ratable revenue being recognized in the six month period (the remaining two quarters in fiscal 2007 are 13 week quarters).

Upfront License Revenue

 

The decrease in upfront license revenue was due primarily to changes in customer license type requirements in the quarter and our continued shift to our highly ratable model.

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Maintenance and Services Revenue

		April 30,						Dollar			%
		2007			2006			Change			Change
		(dollars in millions)
Three months ended
Maintenance revenue		$	17.5		$	26.4		$	(8.9	)	(34	)%
Professional services and other revenue		17.7			13.0			4.7			36	%
Total maintenance and services revenue		$	35.2		$	39.4		$	(4.2	)	(11	)%
Percentage of total revenue		12		%	14		%
Six months ended
Maintenance revenue		$	37.8		$	55.6		$	(17.8	)	(32	)%
Professional services and other revenue		32.5			24.5			8.0			33	%
Total maintenance and services revenue		$	70.3		$	80.1		$	(9.8	)	(12	)%
Percentage of total revenue		12		%	15		%

 

Our maintenance revenue has declined primarily due to (1) our continued shift towards TSLs, which include maintenance with the license fee and thus generate no separately recognized maintenance revenue and (2) non-renewal of maintenance by certain customers on perpetual or other upfront licenses. With our license model shift, we expect progressively more of our maintenance revenue to be included in TSL revenue, and therefore for our separately recognized maintenance revenue to continue to decline. In addition, some customers may choose in the future not to renew maintenance on upfront licenses for economic or other factors, which would also adversely affect future maintenance revenue.

Professional services and other revenue increased in the three and six months ended April 30, 2007 compared to the same periods in fiscal 2006 due principally to timing of customer acceptance of services performed under ongoing contracts.

Events Affecting Cost of Revenues and Operating Expenses

Temporary Shutdown of Operations.   During the six months ended April 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, we temporarily shut down our operations in North America for three days as a cost-saving measure, resulting in savings as follows (there were no shutdowns during the three months ended April 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively):

 

Functional Allocation of Operating Expenses.   We allocate certain human resource programs, information technology and facility expenses among our functional income statement categories based on headcount within each functional area. Annually, or upon a significant change in headcount (such as a workforce reduction, realignment or acquisition) or other factors, management reviews the allocation methodology and the expenses included in the allocation pool.

53 Week Fiscal Year.   Fiscal 2007 is a 53 week fiscal year.  The six months ended April 30, 2007 had 27 weeks, increasing cost of revenues and operating expenses in the period compared to a typical 26 week period.

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Cost of Revenue

		April 30,						Dollar			%
		2007			2006			Change			Change
		(dollars in millions)
Three months ended
Cost of license revenue		$	34.7		$	32.6		$	2.1		6	%
Cost of maintenance and service revenue		15.5			16.9			(1.4		)	(8	)%
Amortization of intangible assets		5.2			6.5			(1.3		)	(20	)%
Total		$	55.4		$	56.0		$	(0.6	)	(1	)%
Percentage of total revenue		19		%	20		%
Six months ended
Cost of license revenue		$	70.2		$	62.6		$	7.6		12	%
Cost of maintenance and service revenue		31.7			33.5			(1.8		)	(5	)%
Amortization of intangible assets		11.9			15.2			(3.3		)	(22	)%
Total		$	113.8		$	111.3		$	2.5		2	%
Percentage of total revenue		19		%	21		%

 

We divide cost of revenue into three categories: cost of license revenue; cost of maintenance and service revenue; and amortization of intangible assets. Expenses directly associated with providing consulting and training have been segregated from costs of revenue associated with internal functions which provide license delivery and post-customer contract support services. These group costs are then allocated by management between cost of license revenue and cost of maintenance and service revenue based on license and service revenue reported during the quarter.

Cost of license revenue.   Cost of license revenue includes costs associated with the sale and licensing of our software products, both time-based and upfront. Further, cost of license revenue includes the allocated cost of employee salary and benefits for providing software delivery, including software production costs, product packaging, and amortization of capitalized software development costs related to Synopsys products, documentation and royalties payable to third party vendors.

Cost of maintenance and service revenue.   Cost of maintenance and service revenue includes employee salary and benefits for consulting professionals and associated costs to maintain the related infrastructure necessary to operate our services and training organization. Further, cost of maintenance and service revenue includes allocated costs of employee salary and benefits for providing customer services, such as hotline and on-site support, production services and documentation of maintenance updates.

Amortization of intangible assets.   See Amortization of Intangible Assets below for information regarding the amount of amortization charged to cost of revenue for the relevant periods.

The decreases in total cost of revenue for the three months ended April 30, 2007 are primarily due to a decrease of $1.3 million in amortization of intangible assets as a result of intangible assets acquired in prior years becoming fully amortized, partially offset by an increase of $1.6 million in compensation and employee benefits due to increased personnel costs as a result of the acquisition of Sigma-C Software AG (“Sigma-C) during the last quarter of fiscal 2006. Additionally, there was a reduction in human resources, information technology and facilities costs, allocated to this line item compared to the same period in fiscal 2006 as a result of decreased corporate-wide allocable expenses.

The increases in total cost of revenue for the six months ended April 30, 2007 are primarily due to an increase of $5.6 million in compensation and employee benefits due to our increased personnel costs as a result of the acquisition of Sigma-C during the last quarter of fiscal 2006 and as a result of the first quarter of fiscal 2007 having 14 weeks compared to 13 weeks in the same quarter of fiscal 2006, partially offset by a decrease of $3.3 million in amortization of intangible assets as a result of intangible assets acquired in prior years becoming fully amortized. Additionally, there was a reduction in human resources, information technology and facilities costs, allocated to this line item compared to the same period in fiscal 2006 as a result of decreased corporate-wide allocable expenses.

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Operating Expenses

Research and Development

		April 30,						Dollar			%
		2007			2006			Change			Change
		(dollars in millions)
Three months ended		$	92.0		$	92.8		$	(0.8	)	(1	)%
Percentage of total revenue		31		%	34		%
Six months ended		$	187.8		$	181.1		$	6.7		4	%
Percentage of total revenue		32		%	34		%

 

For the three months ended April 30, 2007, the decrease was primarily due to a reduction of $1.5 million in human resources, information technology and facilities costs, allocated to this line item compared to the same period in fiscal 2006 as a result of decreased corporate-wide allocable expenses. Additionally, there were decreases in share-based compensation expense and expenses related to depreciation, travel, entertainment and communications.  These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $2.9 million in research and development personnel and related costs resulting from acquisitions in fiscal 2006.

For the six months ended April 30, 2007, the increase was primarily due to an increase of $14.5 million in research and development personnel and related costs resulting from acquisitions in fiscal 2006 and as a result of the first quarter of fiscal 2007 having 14 weeks compared to 13 weeks in the same quarter of fiscal 2006. This increase was partially offset by (1) a decrease of $4.2 million in share-based compensation expense, (2) a decrease of $1.3 million in expenses for travel, entertainment and communications and (3) a reduction of $1.4 million in human resources, information technology and facilities costs allocated to this line item compared to the same period in fiscal 2006 as a result of decreased corporate-wide allocable expenses.

Sales and Marketing

		April 30,						Dollar			%
		2007			2006			Change			Change
		(dollars in millions)
Three months ended		$	79.0		$	86.6		$	(7.6	)	(9	)%
Percentage of total revenue		27		%	32		%
Six months ended		$	168.8		$	164.3		$	4.5		3	%
Percentage of total revenue		28		%	31		%

 

For the three months ended April 30, 2007, the decrease was primarily due to (1) a decrease of $6.1 million in variable compensation as a result of decreased shipments as compared to the same quarter in fiscal 2006 and (2) a reduction of $1.6 million in human resources, information technology and facilities costs, allocated to this line item compared to the same period in fiscal 2006 as a result of decreased corporate-wide allocable expenses; partially offset by an increase of $2.0 million in overall sales and marketing personnel related costs compared to the same period of fiscal 2006. Additionally, there was decrease in share-based compensation expense, and marketing and communication expenses for the three` months ended April 30, 2007 as compared to the same period in fiscal 2006.

For the six months ended April 30, 2007, the increase was primarily due to (1) an increase of $6.5 million in sales and marketing personnel related costs primarily as a result of the first quarter of fiscal 2007 having 14 weeks compared to 13 weeks in the same quarter of fiscal 2006, (2) an increase of $1.2 million for costs related to sales meetings. This increase was partially offset by a reduction of $2.3 million in human resources, information technology and facilities costs, allocated to this line item compared to the same period in fiscal 2006 as a result of decreased corporate-wide allocable expenses. Additionally there was an increase in share-based compensation expense for the six months ended April 30, 2007 as compared to the same period in fiscal 2006.

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