UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-K

 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2018

Commission File Number 001-33401

 

CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (972) 665-1000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15 (d) of the Act. Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13 (a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity owned by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2018, computed by reference to the closing price for the registrant’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on such date was approximately $3.73 billion (106,350,432 shares at a closing price per share of $35.08).

As of February 22, 2019, 117,050,337 shares of common stock were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Certain portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement, in connection with its 2019 annual meeting of stockholders, to be filed within 120 days of December 31, 2018, are incorporated by reference into Part III, Items 10-14, of this annual report on Form 10-K.

 

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

 

 

 

 

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Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This annual report on Form 10-K includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. The “forward looking statements” include our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about our business and our industry. They include statements relating to:

You can identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “plans,” “expects,” “future” and “intends” and similar expressions which are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control and difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements. In evaluating forward-looking statements, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described in the “Risk Factors” section in Item 1A of this Form 10-K and elsewhere in this Form 10-K. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements and risk factors contained in this Form 10-K. Forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-K reflect our view only as of the date of this Form 10-K. We undertake no obligation, other than as required by law, to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Certain Definitions

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to “we,” “our,” “us,” the “issuer” or “Cinemark” relate to Cinemark Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. All references to Latin America are to Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Guatemala, Bolivia, Curacao and Paraguay. Unless otherwise specified, all operating and other statistical data are as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018.

 

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PART I

Item 1. Business

Our Company

Cinemark Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries, or the Company, us or our, is a leader in the motion picture exhibition industry, with theatres in the United States, or U.S., Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Guatemala, Bolivia, Curacao and Paraguay.

As of December 31, 2018, we managed our business under two reportable operating segments: U.S. markets and international markets. See Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements.

Cinemark Holdings, Inc. is a Delaware corporation incorporated on August 2, 2006. Our principal executive offices are at 3900 Dallas Parkway, Suite 500, Plano, Texas 75093. Our telephone number is (972) 665-1000. We maintain a corporate website at www.cinemark.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, are available on our website free of charge under the heading “Investor Relations – Financials - SEC Filings” as soon as practicable after such reports are filed or furnished electronically to the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. Additionally, all of our filings with the SEC can be accessed on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Description of Business

We are a leader and one of the most geographically diverse operators in the motion picture exhibition industry. As of December 31, 2018, we operated 546 theatres and 6,048 screens in the U.S. and Latin America and more than 282 million guests attended our theatres worldwide during the year ended December 31, 2018. Our U.S. circuit had 341 theatres and 4,586 screens in 41 states and our international circuit had 205 theatres and 1,462 screens in 15 countries.  Our significant and diverse presence in the U.S. and Latin America has made us an important distribution channel for movie studios. We believe our portfolio of modern, high-quality theatres with multiple platforms provides a preferred destination for moviegoers and contributes to our consistent financial performance.  

Revenues, operating income and net income attributable to Cinemark Holdings, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2018, were $3,221.8 million, $388.3 million and $213.8 million, respectively. At December 31, 2018 we had cash and cash equivalents of $426.2 million and total long-term debt of $1,809.3 million. Approximately $202.9 million, or 11%, of our long-term debt accrues interest at variable rates and $8.0 million of our long-term debt matures in 2019.

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Motion Picture Exhibition Industry Overview

Domestic Markets

The U.S. motion picture exhibition industry reported box office revenues of approximately $11.1 billion for 2017.  Preliminary estimates for 2018 indicate that box office revenues reached an all-time high of $11.9 billion, an approximate 7% increase over 2017. The following table represents the results of a survey by MPAA published during March 2018, outlining the historical trends in U.S. box office performance for the ten year period from 2008 to 2017 (industry data for 2018 has not yet been released):

 

Over the past ten years, industry statistics have shown slight increases and decreases in attendance from one year to another, however domestic box office revenues have remained relatively stable during this period.  The industry has not experienced highly volatile results, even during recessionary periods, demonstrating the stability of the industry, its continued ability to attract consumers and the fact that box office performance is primarily dependent on the quality and quantity of film product rather than economic cycles.  Average ticket prices can also be driven by the mix of film product and availability of films in premium formats.

Films leading the box office during the year ended December 31, 2018 included Black Panther, Avengers: Infinity War, Incredibles 2, Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Aquaman, Deadpool 2, Dr. Seuss’ The Grinch, Mission Impossible – Fallout, Ant-Man and the Wasp, Solo: A Star Wars Story, Venom, A Quiet Place, Crazy Rich Asians, Halloween, Bumblebee, Ralph Breaks the Internet, Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald, Mary Poppins Returns, A Star is Born, Bohemian Rhapsody and other films, as well as the carryover of The Greatest Showman, Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle and Star Wars: The Last Jedi.

Films scheduled for release during 2019 include Avengers: Endgame, Star Wars: Episode IX, The Lion King, Frozen 2, Toy Story 4, Aladdin, Captain Marvel, It 2, Spider-Man: Far From Home, The Secret Life of Pets 2, Joker, Dumbo, and Godzilla 2 among other films.

International Markets

According to MPAA, international box office revenues increased approximately 7% to $29.5 billion for the year ended December 31, 2017, from $27.4 billion for the year ended December 31, 2016.  More specifically, Latin American box office revenues were $3.4 billion for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $2.8 billion for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of approximately 22%.  (Industry data for 2018 has not yet been released.)

While certain Latin American countries have experienced recent political and economic challenges, performance is also impacted by social behaviors, growing populations, continued retail development in select markets, and quality product from Hollywood, including 3-D and alternative content offerings. In many Latin American countries, including Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Peru and Chile, successful local film product can also provide incremental box office growth opportunities.

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We believe many international markets will expand as new theatre technologies are introduced to more locations, as film and other content offerings continue to broaden, as ancillary revenue opportunities grow and as local economies strengthen. We also believe most of these markets are underscreened in comparison to the U.S. and European markets.

Drivers of Continued Industry Success

We believe the following market trends will continue to drive the strength of our industry:

Importance of Theatrical Success in Establishing Movie Brands. Theatrical exhibition has long been the primary distribution channel for new major motion picture releases. A successful theatrical release “brands” a film and is one of the major contributors to a film’s success in “downstream” markets, such as digital downloads, video on-demand, pay-per-view television, DVDs, SVOD, and network and syndicated television, as well as branded retail merchandise.

Convenient and Affordable Form of Out-Of-Home Entertainment.  Movie going continues to be one of the most convenient and affordable forms of out-of-home entertainment, with an estimated average ticket price in the U.S. of $8.97 in 2017. Average prices in 2017 for other forms of out-of-home entertainment in the U.S., including sporting events and theme parks, ranged from approximately $31.67 to $94.98 per ticket according to MPAA. (As of the date of this report, 2018 industry data was not yet available.)

Expansion of Concepts and Product Offerings that Enhance the Movie-Going Experience.  The motion picture exhibition industry continues to develop new movie theatre platforms and concepts to respond to varying and changing consumer preferences and to continue to differentiate the movie-going experience from watching a movie at home. In addition to changing the overall style of, and amenities offered in, some theatres, concession product offerings have continued to expand to more than just traditional popcorn and candy items. Many locations now offer hot foods, alcohol offerings and/or healthier snack options for guests.  Motion seats are offered in some locations, further enhancing the movie viewing experience. Virtual reality has also been developed for in-theatre enjoyment. New and enhanced programming alternatives expand the industry’s entertainment offerings to attract a broader customer base.  

Contribution of International Markets to Box Office Performance. International markets continue to be an increasingly important component of the overall box office revenues generated by Hollywood films, accounting for $29.5 billion, or approximately 73%, of 2017 total worldwide box office revenues according to MPAA. (As of the date of this report, 2018 industry data was not yet available.) With the meaningful contribution of the international motion picture exhibition industry, we believe the relative contribution of markets outside North America will continue to be impactful. Many of the top U.S. films released during 2018 also performed exceptionally well in international markets.  Avengers: Infinity War grossed $1,370.0 million in international markets, or 67% of its worldwide box office.   Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom generated $887.1 million in international markets, or 68% of its worldwide box office. Aquaman generated $774.2 million in international markets, or 71% of its worldwide box office.

Our Strategy

Key components of our strategy include:

Focus on Providing an Extraordinary Guest Experience to Maximize Attendance. We differentiate our theatres by focusing on providing an extraordinary guest experience through a variety of initiatives, as discussed below. We believe our focus on the guest experience is a catalyst for attendance growth and is a primary factor in our consistent industry-leading results.

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Sustained Investment in Core Circuit Combined with Targeted Growth. We continually utilize our cash flows from operations to invest in our circuit to ensure the highest quality experience for our guests.  Our commitment to investing in our theatre assets is demonstrated by our level of capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, at approximately $380.9 million and $346.1 million, respectively. We selectively build or acquire new theatres in markets where we can establish and maintain a strong market position. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we built eleven new theatres with 81 screens and acquired three theatres with 19 screens.

Competitive Strengths

We believe the following strengths allow us to compete effectively:

Disciplined Operating Philosophy. We generated operating income and net income attributable to Cinemark Holdings, Inc. of $388.3 million and $213.8 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2018. Our solid operating performance is a result of our disciplined and consistent operating philosophy that centers on building new, and reinvesting in our existing, high-quality theatres, focusing on the guest experience, maintaining favorable theatre-level economics, controlling operating costs and effectively reacting to economic and market changes.

We continue to grow organically as well as through the acquisition of high-quality theatres in select markets.  Our growth strategy has centered around meeting our stringent return on investment thresholds while also complementing our existing theatre circuit.  We continue to generate consistent cash flows from operating activities, which demonstrates the success of our growth strategy. We believe the combination of our strong balance sheet and our continued commitment to earn a strong return on our capital investments, will continue to provide us with the financial flexibility to pursue further expansion opportunities and maintain our existing locations at a high standard, while also allowing us to effectively service our debt obligations and continue to offer our stockholders a strong dividend yield.

Leading Position in Our U.S. Markets. We have a leading market share in most of the U.S. markets we serve, which includes a presence in 41 states. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we ranked either first or second, based on box office revenues, in 20 out of our top 25 U.S. markets, including the San Francisco Bay Area, Dallas, Houston, Salt Lake City, Sacramento, Cleveland, Austin and Las Vegas.

Located in Top Latin American Markets. We have successfully established a significant presence in major cities in Latin America, with theatres in fourteen of the twenty largest metropolitan areas in South America. As of December 31, 2018, we operated 205 theatres and 1,462 screens in 15 countries. Our international screens generated revenues of $682.8 million, or 21.2% of our total revenues, for the year ended December 31, 2018. We are the largest exhibitor in Brazil and Argentina and have significant market presence in Colombia, Peru and Chile. Our geographic diversity makes us an important global distribution channel for the movie studios.

State-of-the-Art Theatre Circuit. We offer a state-of-the-art movie-going experience, which we believe makes our theatres a preferred destination for moviegoers in our markets. During 2018, we built 81 new screens worldwide. As of December 31, 2018, we had commitments to open 212 additional new screens over the next three years.

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We have incorporated Luxury Lounger recliner seats in all of our recent domestic new builds and have also repositioned many of our existing domestic theatres to offer this premium seating feature. We currently feature Luxury Loungers in 2,565 domestic auditoriums, representing 55.9% of our domestic circuit. We plan to continue to add additional Luxury Loungers in certain of our domestic locations during 2019.

Our XD screens represent the largest exhibitor-sponsored premium large format footprint in the industry. Our XD auditoriums offer a premium experience utilizing the latest in digital projection and enhanced custom sound, including a Barco Auro 11.1 or Dolby Atmos sound system in select locations. The XD experience includes wall-to-wall screens, wrap-around sound, plush seating and a maximum comfort entertainment environment for an immersive experience. The exceptional XD technology does not require special format movie prints, which allows us the flexibility to showcase any available digital print we choose, including 3-D content, in our XD auditoriums. We also prefer the economies of our exhibitor-sponsored format since there is no additional revenue share component outside of routine film rental. As of December 31, 2018, we had 256 XD auditoriums in our worldwide circuit.   We expect to further expand our XD footprint during 2019.

We offer enhanced food and beverages such as fresh wraps, hot sandwiches, burgers, and gourmet pizzas, and a selection of beers, wines, and frozen cocktails, all of which can be enjoyed in the comfort of the auditoriums, at approximately 58% of our worldwide theatres. We also offer market-adaptive concepts with full bars or dine-in areas in certain of our theatres, and continue to expand to additional locations.

We currently have auditoriums that offer seats with immersive cinematic motion, which we refer to as motion seats, throughout our worldwide circuit. These motion seats are programmed in harmony with the audio and video content of the film and further immerse guests in the on-screen action. We offer motion seats in 229 auditoriums throughout our worldwide circuit. We plan to add motion seats to additional locations during 2019.  

During 2018, we collaborated on an in-theatre immersive virtual reality technology in one of our domestic theatres that takes guests on a real-life, full-body journey where they engage with characters and their environment through sight, sound, touch, smell and motion. We plan to install this technology in at least one additional domestic theatre during 2019 and we are continuing to evaluate other locations at which we can offer our guests this unique entertainment option.

Experienced Management. Led by Chairman and founder Lee Roy Mitchell, Chief Executive Officer Mark Zoradi, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer Sean Gamble, and President-International Valmir Fernandes, our operational management team has many years of industry experience.  Each of our international offices is led by general managers that are local citizens familiar with cultural, political and economic factors impacting each country. Our worldwide management team has successfully navigated us through many industry and economic cycles over the years.

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Theatre Operations

As of December 31, 2018, we operated 546 theatres and 6,048 screens in 41 U.S. states and 15 Latin American countries. The following tables summarize the geographic locations of our theatre circuit as of December 31, 2018.

United States Theatres

 

 

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International Theatres

 

 

We first entered Latin America when we opened a theatre in Chile in 1993. Since then, through our focused international growth strategy, we have developed one of the most geographically diverse theatre circuits in the region. We have balanced our risk through a diversified international portfolio, which includes theatres in fourteen of the twenty largest metropolitan areas in South America. We have established significant presence in Brazil and Argentina, where we are the largest exhibitor. We also have significant market presence in Colombia, Peru and Chile.

We believe that certain markets within Latin America continue to be underserved as penetration of movie screens per capita in these markets is substantially lower than in the U.S. and European markets. We intend to continue to expand our presence in international markets, with emphasis on Latin America, and fund our expansion primarily with cash flow generated from operations. We are able to mitigate cash flow exposure to currency fluctuations by transacting local operating expenses primarily in their respective local currencies. Our geographic diversity throughout South and Central America has allowed us to maintain consistent local currency revenue performance, notwithstanding currency and economic fluctuations that may affect any particular market.

Content

We offer a variety of content at our theatres.  We monitor upcoming films and other content and work diligently with film distributors to license the content that we believe will be most successful in our theatres. We play mainstream films from many different genres, such as animated films, family films, dramas, comedies, horror and action films. We offer content in both 2-D and 3-D formats in all of our theatres, and in many locations, we offer our exhibitor-branded premium large format, XD. We also offer a format that features motion seats and added sensory features in addition to the ultra-realistic images of 3-D technology in select locations.

We regularly play art and independent films at many of our U.S. theatres and offer local film product in our international markets, providing a variety of film choices to our guests. We offer a Classic Series at a majority of our U.S. theatres and some of our international theatres, which involves playing digitally re-mastered classic movies that change on a weekly basis. The program covers a variety of genres of classic films that are generally exhibited during non-peak times.

Our joint venture, AC JV, LLC, with Regal Entertainment Group, or Regal, and AMC Entertainment, Inc., or AMC, provides marketing and distribution of live and pre-recorded entertainment programming to movie theatres to augment theatres’ feature film schedules, which includes the Metropolitan Opera, sports programs, concert events, e-sports gaming events and other special presentations, that may be live or pre-recorded. We, along with AC JV, LLC, continue to identify new ways to utilize our theatre platform to provide entertainment to consumers.

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Film Licensing

In the domestic marketplace, our corporate film department negotiates with film distributors to license films for each of our domestic theatres. In each of our international offices, our local film personnel negotiate with local offices of major film distributors as well as local film distributors to license films for our international theatres. Film distributors are responsible for determining film release dates and film marketing campaigns and the related expenditures, while we are responsible for booking the films at each of our theatres at the optimal showtimes for our guests. In most instances, we are able to license each first-run, wide-release film without regard to the bookings of other exhibitors within that area. In certain limited situations, our theatres compete with other nearby theatres for film content from film distributors. We face competition for patrons from other exhibitors and other forms of entertainment, as discussed under Competition below, at all of our theatres in all markets. Our theatre personnel focus on providing an extraordinary guest experience, and we provide a high-quality facility with the most up-to-date sound systems, comfortable seating and other amenities preferred by our guests, which we believe gives us a competitive advantage in markets where competing theatres play the same films.

In both our domestic and international locations, we pay film rental fees based on a film’s box office receipts at our theatres. Film rental rates are negotiated based on either a sliding scale formula under which the rate is based on a standard rate matrix that is established prior to a film’s run; a firm terms formula, as determined prior to a film’s run, under which we pay a negotiated rate; or a rate that is negotiated after a film’s run.  

Food and Beverage

Concession sales are our second largest revenue source, consistently representing approximately 35% of total revenues. We have devoted considerable management effort to expanding concession sales by enhancing our offerings and adapting to our customers’ changing preferences, as discussed below.

Concession Product Mix. Common concession products offered at all of our theatres may include various sizes and types of popcorn, soft drinks, coffees, non-carbonated drinks, candy and quickly-prepared or pre-prepared food, such as hot dogs, pizza, pretzel bites, nachos and ice cream. The food and beverage offerings vary based on consumer preferences in a particular market. We have introduced some healthier snack and beverage options for our guests, which are available at some locations, added alcohol offerings in a growing number of theatres, and also offer diverse ethnic foods based on market demographics.

In select locations, we have expanded concession product offerings to include a broader variety of food and drink options, such as fresh wraps, hot sandwiches, burgers, gourmet pizzas, and a selection of beers, wines, and frozen cocktails, all of which can be enjoyed in the comfort of the auditoriums.  We also have lobby bars and VIP lounges in many domestic and international theatres.

Our proprietary point-of-sale system allows our category managers to monitor product sales and readily make adjustments to product mix on a theatre-by-theatre or market-by-market basis, when necessary. This program flexibility also allows us to efficiently activate and manage both national or regional product launches and promotional initiatives to further grow food and beverage sales.  

Pricing. New products and promotions are introduced on a regular basis to increase concession purchase incidence by existing buyers as well as to attract new buyers. We offer specially-priced product combinations at our theatres. We routinely offer discounts to our guests on certain products by offering weekly coupons as well as reusable popcorn tubs and soft drink cups that can be refilled at a discounted price. In certain international countries and in all of our domestic theatres, we offer a loyalty program that periodically offers food and beverage discounts. Our new Cinemark Movie Club membership program also allows our domestic guests to sign-up for exclusive concessions discounts.

Staff Training. Employees are continually trained in proper sales techniques, food preparation and handling and maintaining concession product quality. Some of our product promotions include a motivational element that rewards theatre staff for exceptional sales of certain promotional items.

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Theatre Design. Our theatres are designed to optimize the guest purchase experience at the concession stands, which includes multiple concession counters throughout a theatre to facilitate serving guests in an expedited manner. We strategically place large concession stands within theatres to heighten visibility, reduce the length of concession lines, and improve traffic flow around the concession stands. We incorporate self-serve candy cases and bottled drink coolers at our traditional crew-serve theatres to help provide convenience for our guests, drive purchase incidence and increase product availability for these two core categories. We also have self-service cafeteria-style concession areas in many of our domestic theatres, which allow customers to select their own refreshments and proceed to the cash register when they are ready. This design allows for more efficient service, and superior visibility of concession items. In some of our international locations, we allow guests to pre-order concession items, either online or at a kiosk, and pick them up in a dedicated line at the concession counter.  

Cost Control. We negotiate prices for concession supplies directly with concession vendors and manufacturers to obtain volume discounts and also negotiate volume-based and promotional-based rebates with our larger suppliers. Concession supplies are generally distributed through a distribution network. The concession distributor delivers inventory to the theatres after receiving orders directly from the theatres or through an online electronic ordering system.  We conduct frequent inventory counts of concession products at every theatre to ensure proper stock levels are maintained to appropriately serve our guests.

Pre-Feature Screen Advertising

In our domestic markets, our theatres are part of the in-theatre digital network operated by National CineMedia, LLC, or NCM. NCM provides advertising to our theatres through its branded “Noovie” pre-show entertainment program and also handles lobby promotions and displays for our theatres. We believe that the reach, scope and digital delivery capability of NCM’s network provides an effective platform for national, regional and local advertisers to reach our audience. We receive a monthly theatre access fee for participation in the NCM network and also earn screen advertising revenue on a per patron basis. As of December 31, 2018, we had an approximate 25% ownership interest in NCM. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our investment in NCM.

In our international markets, our wholly-owned subsidiary Flix Media Publicidade E Entretenimento, Ltda., or Flix Media, handles our screen advertising functions in Brazil. Our Flix Media marketing personnel work with local agencies and advertisers to coordinate screen advertising in our Brazil theatres. We have expanded the Flix Media advertising services to other exhibitors in Brazil through revenue share agreements. In Argentina, we have in-house personnel that work with local advertisers to arrange screen advertising in our Argentina theatres. We also operate advertising subsidiaries that support our theatres in Chile, Central America, Colombia, Paraguay, Bolivia, Ecuador and Curacao. In Chile, our Flix subsidiary also represents Cinepolis, making our subsidiary the local leader in cinema advertising.  In addition to screen advertising in our theatres, we intend to expand Flix Media’s services to include, among other things, alternative content, digital media and other synergistic media opportunities. In a few of our other international markets, we outsource our screen advertising to local companies who have established relationships with local advertisers that provide similar programming benefits. The terms of our international screen advertising contracts vary by country, however, we generally earn a percentage of the screen advertising revenues for access to our screens.

Marketing and Promotions

We generally market our theatres and special events, including new theatre grand openings, remodel openings and VIP events, using email, organic and paid digital advertising, directory film schedules, and radio and television advertising spots. We exhibit previews of coming attractions and current films as part of our on-screen pre-feature program. We offer guests access to movie times, the ability to buy their tickets and reserve their seats in advance and purchase gift cards at our website www.cinemark.com and via our smart phone and tablet applications. Customers can subscribe to our weekly emails to receive information about current and upcoming films at their preferred Cinemark theatre(s), including details about upcoming Cinemark XD movies, advanced ticket sales, screenings, special events, concerts and live broadcasts; as well as contests, promotions, and coupons for concession savings. Email communications and push notifications are utilized to provide customers with the latest information or exclusive offers such as screenings, contests or promotions. We partner with film distributors on a regular basis to promote upcoming films through local, regional and national programs that are exclusive to our theatres. These programs may involve customer contests that include exclusive giveaways, cross-promotions with the media and other third parties and other means to impact patronage for films showing at our theatres.

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We interact with guests every day on social media platforms, such as Facebook, on which we recently reached nine million followers, Twitter and Instagram.  Through social media, we provide relevant information, quick access to advanced ticketing information and upcoming movies and events, as well as to respond to guest feedback. Guests can also utilize social media to ask us questions regarding their local Cinemark theatre offerings, movie-related information or to provide suggestions.

We launched a subscription membership program for our domestic circuit in December 2017.  Cinemark Movie Club offers guests a monthly fixed-price 2D ticket, member-pricing for a companion ticket and concession and other transaction discounts.  Cinemark Movie Club is a unique option to reward our loyal guests and allows us to stay informed of our frequent guests’ preferences.

We offer a free domestic loyalty program to our guests, called Connections, which was launched in 2016. Connections allows our guests to earn points for different types of transactions as tracked through our Cinemark smart phone app.  Points can then be redeemed for tickets, concession items and discounts, as well as unique and limited edition experiential rewards that relate to films currently playing at our theatres.

We also have loyalty programs in most of our international markets that either allow customers to pay a nominal fee for an annual membership card that provides them with certain admissions and concession discounts or that allows guests to earn loyalty points for each purchase. Similar to the Connections program, our points-based international programs offer discounts on movie tickets and concessions. Our global loyalty programs put us in direct contact with our guests and provides additional opportunities for us to partner with the studios and our vendors through targeted promotions. 

Our domestic and international marketing departments also focus on expanding ancillary revenue, which includes the sale of our gift cards and our SuperSaver discount tickets. We generally market these programs to businesses as an employee-incentive or rewards program. Our marketing departments also coordinate the use of our auditoriums, generally during off-peak times, for corporate meetings, private movie screenings, brand and product launches, education and training sessions or other private events, which contribute to our ancillary revenue.  

Competition

We are one of the leaders in the motion picture exhibition industry. We compete against local, regional, national and international exhibitors with respect to attracting guests, licensing films and developing new theatre sites. Our primary U.S. competitors include Regal and AMC and our primary international competitors, which vary by country, include Cinépolis, Cine Colombia, CinePlanet, Kinoplex (GSR), and Araujo.

We are generally able to book films without regard to the film bookings of other exhibitors at many of our theatres. In certain limited situations, distributors allocate movies to only one theatre in a market generally based on demographics, the conditions, capacity and grossing potential of each theatre, and the terms of exhibition. In all theatres, our success in attracting guests can depend on customer service quality, location, theatre capacity, quality of projection and sound equipment, film showtime availability and ticket prices.

We compete for new theatre sites with other movie theatre exhibitors as well as other entertainment venues. Securing a potential site depends upon factors such as committed investment and resources, theatre design and capacity, revenue potential, and financial stability.  

We face competition for patrons from a number of alternative film distribution channels, such as digital downloads, video on-demand, pay-per-view television, DVDs, SVOD, network and syndicated television. We also face competition from other forms of entertainment competing for the public’s leisure time and disposable income, such as family entertainment centers, concerts, theme parks and sporting events.

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Seasonality

Our revenues have historically been seasonal, coinciding with the timing of releases of motion pictures by the major distributors. Generally, the most successful motion pictures have been released during summer months in the U.S., extending from May to July, and during the holiday season, extending from November through year-end. The timing of releases, however, has become less pronounced as distributors have begun releasing content more evenly throughout the year.  In our Latin American markets, while Hollywood content has similar release dates as in the U.S., the local holidays and seasons can vary. The unexpected emergence of a hit film during other periods can impact this seasonality trend. The timing and quality of film releases can have a significant impact on our results of operations, and the results of one period are not necessarily indicative of results for the following period or for the same period in the following year.

Corporate Operations

Our worldwide headquarters, referred to as the Cinemark Service Center, is located in Plano, Texas. Personnel at the Cinemark Service Center provide oversight and support for our domestic and international theatres, including our executive team and department heads in charge of film licensing, food and beverage, theatre operations, theatre construction and maintenance, real estate, human resources, marketing, legal, finance, accounting, tax and information technology. Our U.S. operations are comprised of twenty regions, each of which is headed by a regional vice president. We have nine regional offices in Latin America responsible for the local management of theatres in fifteen countries (Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Guatemala and Curacao are managed out of one Central American regional office). Each regional office is headed by a general manager with additional personnel responsible for film licensing, marketing, human resources, information technology, operations and finance. We have divisional chief financial officers in Brazil and Argentina and a regional chief financial officer located in Chile that oversees Chile, Bolivia and Paraguay.

Employees

We have approximately 20,000 employees in the U.S., approximately 21% of whom are full time employees and 79% of whom are part time employees. We have approximately 9,500 employees in our international markets, approximately 78% of whom are full time employees and approximately 22% of whom are part time employees. Due to the seasonal nature of our business as discussed above, our headcount can vary throughout the year, depending on the timing and success of movie releases. Some of our international locations are subject to union regulations. We regard our relations with our employees to be satisfactory.

Regulations

The distribution of motion pictures is largely regulated by federal and state antitrust laws and has been the subject of numerous antitrust cases. The manner in which we can license films from certain major film distributors has been influenced by consent decrees resulting from these cases. Consent decrees bind certain major film distributors and require the films of such distributors to be offered and licensed to exhibitors, including Cinemark, on a theatre-by-theatre and film-by-film basis. Consequently, exhibitors cannot enter into long-term arrangements with major distributors, but must negotiate for licenses on a theatre-by-theatre and film-by-film basis.

We are subject to various general regulations applicable to our operations including the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, or the ADA, and regulations recently issued by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration that require nutrition labels for certain menu items. Our domestic and international theatre operations are also subject to federal, state and local laws governing such matters as wages, working conditions, citizenship, health and sanitation requirements and various business licensing and permitting.

Financial Information About Geographic Areas

We currently have operations in the U.S., Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Guatemala, Bolivia, Curacao, and Paraguay, which are reflected in the consolidated financial statements. See Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements for segment information and financial information by geographic area.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business depends on film production and performance.

Our business depends on both the availability of suitable films for exhibition in our theatres and the success of those films in our markets. Reduced volume of film releases, poor performance of films, the disruption in the production of films due to events such as a strike by directors, writers or actors, a reduction in financing options for the film distributors, or a reduction in the marketing efforts of the film distributors to promote their films could have an adverse effect on our business by resulting in fewer patrons and reduced revenues.

Our results of operations fluctuate on a seasonal basis.

Our results of operations vary from period to period based upon the quantity and quality of the motion pictures that we show in our theatres. The major film distributors generally release the films they anticipate will be most successful during the summer and holiday seasons. Consequently, we typically generate higher revenues during these periods.  The timing of releases, however, has become less pronounced as distributors have begun releasing content more evenly throughout the year.  In our Latin American markets, while Hollywood content has similar release dates as in the U.S., the local holidays and seasons can vary. The unexpected emergence of a successful film during other periods or the failure of an expected success at a key time could alter this seasonality trend. Due to the dependency on the success of films released from one period to the next, results of operations for one period may not be indicative of the results for the following period or the same period in the following year.

A deterioration in relationships with film distributors could adversely affect our ability to obtain commercially successful films.

We rely on the film distributors to supply the films shown in our theatres. The film distribution business is highly concentrated, with seven major film distributors accounting for approximately 90% of U.S. box office revenues and 48 of the top 50 grossing films during 2018. Numerous antitrust cases and consent decrees resulting from the antitrust cases impact the distribution of films. Film distributors license films to exhibitors on a theatre-by-theatre and film-by-film basis. Consequently, we cannot guarantee a supply of films by entering into long-term arrangements with major distributors. We are therefore required to negotiate licenses for each film and for each theatre. A deterioration in our relationship with any of the seven major film distributors could adversely affect our ability to obtain commercially successful films and to negotiate favorable licensing terms for such films, both of which could adversely affect our business and operating results.

We face intense competition for patrons and films which may adversely affect our business.

The motion picture exhibition industry is highly competitive. We compete against local, regional, national and international exhibitors in many of our markets. We compete for both patrons and licensing of films. In markets where we do not face nearby competitive theatres, there is a risk of new theatres being built. The degree of competition for patrons is dependent upon such factors as location, theatre capacity, presentation quality, film showtime availability, customer service quality, products and amenities offered, and ticket prices. The principal competitive factors with respect to film licensing include the theatre’s location and its demographics, the condition, capacity and grossing potential of each theatre, and licensing terms. We also face competition from new concept theatres such as dine-in theatres and tavern style theatres that open in close proximity to our conventional theatres. If we are unable to attract patrons or to license successful films, our business may be adversely affected.

An increase in the use of alternative film distribution channels or other competing forms of entertainment may reduce movie theatre attendance and limit revenue growth.

We face competition for patrons from a number of alternative film distribution channels, such as digital downloads, video on-demand, pay-per-view television, DVDs, SVOD, network and syndicated television. Some of these distribution channels have seen growth in production in recent years. We also compete with other forms of entertainment, such as family entertainment centers, concerts, theme parks, gaming and sporting events, for our patrons’ leisure time and disposable income. A significant increase in popularity of these alternative film distribution channels, competing forms of entertainment or improvements in technologies available at home could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

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Our results of operations may be impacted by shrinking video and digital release windows.

The average video and digital release window, which represents the time that elapses from the date of a film’s theatrical release to the date a film is available to consumers at home has been approximately ninety days for the past several years. If patrons choose to wait for an in-home release rather than attend a theatre to view the film, it may adversely impact our business and results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. These release windows, which are determined by the studios, may shrink further or be eliminated altogether, which could have an adverse impact on our business and results of operations.

General political, social and economic conditions can adversely affect our attendance.

Our results of operations are dependent on general political, social and economic conditions, and the impact of such conditions on our theatre operating costs and on the willingness of consumers to spend money at movie theatres. If consumers’ discretionary income declines during a period of an economic downturn or political uncertainty, our operations could be adversely affected. If theatre operating costs, such as utility costs, increase due to political or economic changes, our results of operations could be adversely affected. Political events, such as terrorist attacks, and health-related epidemics, such as flu outbreaks, could cause people to avoid our theatres or other public places where large crowds are in attendance, which could adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, a natural disaster, such as a hurricane or an earthquake, could impact our ability to operate certain of our theatres, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

Our foreign operations are subject to adverse regulations, economic instability and currency exchange risk.

We have 205 theatres with 1,462 screens in fifteen countries in Latin America. Brazil represented approximately 9% of our consolidated 2018 revenues. Governmental regulation of the motion picture industry in foreign markets differs from that in the U.S. Changes in regulations affecting prices and quota systems requiring the exhibition of locally-produced films may adversely affect our international operations. Our international operations are subject to certain political, economic and other uncertainties not encountered by our domestic operations, including risks of severe economic downturns and high inflation. We also face risks of currency fluctuations, hard currency shortages and controls of foreign currency exchange and cash transfers to the U.S., all of which could have an adverse effect on the results of our operations.

We have substantial long-term lease and debt obligations, which may restrict our ability to fund current and future operations and that restrict our ability to enter into certain transactions.

We have, and will continue to have, significant long-term debt service obligations and long-term lease obligations. As of December 31, 2018, we had $1,809.3 million in long-term debt obligations, $259.5 million in capital lease obligations and $1,784.5 million in long-term operating lease obligations. Our substantial lease and debt obligations pose risk by:

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Our ability to make scheduled payments of principal and interest with respect to our indebtedness will depend on our ability to generate positive cash flows and on our future financial results. Our ability to generate positive cash flows is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. We may not be able to continue to generate cash flows at current levels, or guarantee that future borrowings will be available under our senior secured credit facility, in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness. If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our lease and debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures, sell assets or operations, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. We may not be able to take any of these actions, and these actions may not be successful or permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations and these actions may be restricted under the terms of our existing or future debt agreements, including our senior secured credit facility.

If we fail to make any required payment under the agreements governing our leases and indebtedness or fail to comply with the financial and operating covenants contained in them, we would be in default, and as a result, our debt holders would have the ability to require that we immediately repay our outstanding indebtedness and the lenders under our senior secured credit facility could terminate their commitments to lend us money and foreclose against the assets securing their borrowings. We could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. The acceleration of our indebtedness under one agreement may permit acceleration of indebtedness under other agreements that contain cross-default and cross-acceleration provisions. If our indebtedness is accelerated, we may not be able to repay our indebtedness or borrow sufficient funds to refinance it. Even if we are able to obtain new financing, it may not be on commercially reasonable terms or on terms that are acceptable to us. If our debt holders require immediate payment, we may not have sufficient assets to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness.

We are rated by nationally recognized rating agencies. The rating scales and methodologies used to derive individual ratings may vary from agency to agency. Credit ratings are issued by credit rating agencies based on evaluations of our ability to pay back our outstanding debt and the likelihood that we would default on that debt prior to its maturity.  The credit ratings issued by the rating agencies represent the rating agency's evaluation of both qualitative and quantitative information for our company. The credit ratings that are issued are based on the rating agency’s judgment and experience in determining what information should be considered in giving a rating to a particular company. Ratings are always subject to change and there can be no assurance that our current ratings will continue for any given period of time. A downgrade of our debt ratings, depending on the extent, could increase the cost to borrow funds.

A failure to adapt to future technological innovations could impact our ability to compete effectively and could adversely affect our results of operations.

While we continue to invest in technological innovations, such as motion seats and satellite distribution technologies, new technological innovations continue to impact our industry. If we are unable to respond to or invest in changes in technology and the technological preferences of our customers, we may not be able to compete with other exhibitors or other entertainment venues, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

We are subject to uncertainties relating to future expansion plans, including our ability to identify suitable acquisition candidates or new theatre site locations, and to obtain financing for such activities on favorable terms or at all.

We have greatly expanded our operations over the last decade through targeted worldwide theatre development and acquisitions. We continue to pursue a strategy of expansion that will involve the development of new theatres and may involve acquisitions of existing theatres and theatre circuits both in the U.S. and internationally. There is significant competition for new site locations and for existing theatre and theatre circuit acquisition opportunities. As a result of such competition, we may not be able to acquire attractive site locations, existing theatres or theatre circuits on terms we consider acceptable. The pace of our growth may also be impacted by delays in site development caused by other parties. Acquisitions and expansion opportunities may divert a significant amount of management’s time away from the operation of our business. Growth by acquisition also involves risks relating to difficulties in integrating the operations and personnel of acquired companies and the potential loss of key employees of acquired companies. Our expansion strategy may not result in improvements to our business, financial condition, profitability, or cash flows. Further, our expansion programs may require financing above our existing borrowing capacity and operating cash flows. We may not be able to obtain such financing or ensure that such financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all.

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If we do not comply with the ADA and the safe harbor framework included in the consent order we entered into with the Department of Justice, or the DOJ, we could be subject to further litigation.

Our theatres must comply with Title III of the ADA and analogous state and local laws. Compliance with the ADA requires among other things that public facilities “reasonably accommodate” individuals with disabilities and that new construction or alterations made to “commercial facilities” conform to accessibility guidelines unless “structurally impracticable” for new construction or technically infeasible for alterations. On November 15, 2004, Cinemark and the DOJ entered into a consent order, which was filed with the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division. Under the consent order, the DOJ approved a safe harbor framework for us to construct all of our future stadium-style movie theatres. The DOJ has stipulated that all theatres built in compliance with the consent order will comply with the wheelchair seating requirements of the ADA. If we fail to comply with the ADA, remedies could include imposition of injunctive relief, fines, awards for damages to private litigants and additional capital expenditures to remedy non-compliance. Imposition of significant fines, damage awards or capital expenditures to cure non-compliance could adversely affect our business and operating results.

We may be subject to increased labor and benefits costs.

In the U.S., we are subject to United States federal and state laws governing such matters as minimum wages, working conditions and overtime. We are also subject to union regulations in certain of our international markets, which can specify wage rates as well as minimum hours to be paid to certain employees. As federal and state minimum wage rates increase, we may need to increase not only the wages of our minimum wage employees, but also the wages paid to employees at wage rates that are above minimum wage. Labor shortages, increased employee turnover and health care mandates could also increase our labor costs. This in turn could lead us to increase prices, which could impact our sales. Conversely, if competitive pressures or other factors prevent us from offsetting increased labor costs by increases in prices, our results of operations may be adversely impacted.

A credit market crisis may adversely affect our ability to raise capital and may materially impact our operations.

Severe dislocations and liquidity disruptions in the credit markets could materially impact our ability to obtain debt financing on reasonable terms or at all. The inability to access debt financing on reasonable terms could materially impact our ability to make acquisitions, invest in technology innovations or significantly expand our business in the future.

Our ability to pay dividends may be limited or otherwise restricted.

Our ability to pay dividends is limited by our status as a holding company and the terms of our senior notes indentures and our senior secured credit facility, which restrict our ability to pay dividends and the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to pay dividends, directly or indirectly, to us. Under our debt instruments, we may pay a cash dividend up to a specified amount, provided we have satisfied certain financial covenants in, and are not in default under, our debt instruments. The declaration of future dividends on our common stock, par value $0.001 per share, or Common Stock, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon many factors, including our results of operations, financial condition, earnings, capital requirements, limitations in our debt agreements and legal requirements.

Provisions in our corporate documents and certain agreements, as well as Delaware law, may hinder a change of control.

Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, could discourage unsolicited proposals to acquire us. These provisions include:

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Certain provisions of our 4.875% senior notes indenture, our 5.125% senior notes indenture and our senior secured credit facility may have the effect of delaying or preventing future transactions involving a “change of control.” A “change of control” would require us to make an offer to the holders of each of our 4.875% senior notes and our 5.125% senior notes to repurchase all of the outstanding notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount outstanding plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of purchase. A “change of control” would also be an event of default under our senior secured credit facility.

Future sales of our Common Stock may adversely affect the prevailing market price.

If a large number of shares of our Common Stock is sold in the open market, or if there is a perception that such sales will occur, the trading price of our Common Stock could decrease. In addition, the sale of these shares could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional Common Stock. As of December 31, 2018, we had an aggregate of 170,248,650 shares of our Common Stock authorized but unissued and not reserved for specific purposes. In general, we may issue all of these shares without any action or approval by our stockholders. We may issue shares of our Common Stock in connection with acquisitions.

As of December 31, 2018, we had 116,830,530 shares of our Common Stock outstanding. Of these shares, approximately 105,931,731 shares were freely tradable. The remaining shares of our Common Stock were “restricted securities” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Restricted securities may not be resold in a public distribution except in compliance with the registration requirements of the Securities Act or pursuant to an exemption therefrom, including the exemptions provided by Regulation S and Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act.

We cannot predict whether substantial amounts of our Common Stock will be sold in the open market in anticipation of, or following, any divestiture by any of our large stockholders, our directors or executive officers of their shares of Common Stock.

As of December 31, 2018, there were 7,700,363 shares of our Common Stock reserved for issuance under our 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan.

Legislative or regulatory initiatives related to global warming/climate change concerns may negatively impact our business.

Recently, there has been an increasing focus and continuous debate on global climate change including increased attention from regulatory agencies and legislative bodies. This increased focus may lead to new initiatives directed at regulating an as yet unspecified array of environmental matters. Legislative, regulatory or other efforts in the U.S. to combat climate change could result in future increases in the cost of raw materials, taxes, transportation and utilities for our vendors and for us which would result in higher operating costs for the Company. Also, compliance of our theatres and accompanying real estate with new and revised environmental, zoning, land-use or building codes, laws, rules or regulations, could have a material and adverse effect on our business.  However, we are unable to predict at this time, the potential effects, if any, that any future environmental initiatives may have on our business.

We may be subject to liability under environmental laws and regulations.

We own and operate a large number of theatres and other properties within the U.S. and internationally, which may be subject to various foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment or human health. Such environmental laws and regulations include those that impose liability for the investigation and remediation of spills or releases of hazardous materials. We may incur such liability, including for any currently or formerly owned, leased or operated property, or for any site, to which we may have disposed, or arranged for the disposal of, hazardous materials or wastes. Certain of these laws and regulations may impose liability, including on a joint and several liability, which can result in a liable party being obliged to pay for greater than its share, regardless of fault or the legality of the original disposal. Environmental conditions relating to our properties or operations could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations and cash flows.

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Cyber security threats and our failure to protect our electronically stored data could adversely affect our business.

We collect, use, store and maintain electronic information and data necessary to conduct our business, including confidential and proprietary information of the company, our customers, and our employees. We also rely on the availability of information technology systems to operate our business, including for communications, receiving and displaying movies, ticketing, guest services, payments, and other general operations. We rely on some of our vendors to store and process certain data and to manage, host, and/or provide some of our information technology systems. Because of the scope and complexity of our information technology systems, our reliance on vendors to provide, support and protect our systems and data, and the constantly evolving cyber-threat landscape, our information technology systems are subject to the risk of disruption, failure, unauthorized access, cyber-terrorism, human error, misuse, tampering, theft, and other cyber-attacks. These or similar events, whether accidental or intentional, could result in theft, unauthorized access or disclosure, loss, fraudulent or unlawful use of customer, employee or company data, which could harm our reputation or result in a loss of business, as well as remedial and other costs, fines, investigations, enforcement actions or lawsuits. These or similar events could also lead to an interruption in the operation of our systems resulting in business impact, including loss of business. Those same scope, complexity, reliance, and changing cyber-threat landscape factors could also affect our ability to adapt to and comply with changing regulations and contractual obligations applicable to data security and privacy, which are increasingly demanding, both in the United States and in other jurisdictions where we operate.  In order to address these risks, we have adopted security measures and technology, operate a security program, and work continuously to evaluate and improve our security posture. However, the development and maintenance of these systems and programs are costly and require ongoing monitoring and updating as technologies change and efforts to overcome security measures become more sophisticated. As such, there can be no assurance that these or similar events will not occur in the future or will not have an adverse effect on our business and results of operation. In addition to Company-specific cyber threats or events, our business and results of operations could also be impacted by cyber-related events affecting our peers and partners within the entertainment industry, as well as other retail companies. We maintain insurance designed to provide coverage for cyber risks related to what we believe to be adequate and collectible insurance in the event of the theft, loss, fraudulent or unlawful use of customer, employee or company data, but the foregoing events or future events could result in costs and business impacts which may not be covered or may be in excess of any available insurance that we may have procured. As a result, future events could have a material impact on our business and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Product recalls and associated costs could adversely affect our reputation and financial condition.

We may be found liable if the consumption of any of the products we sell causes illness or injury. We are also subject to recall by product manufacturers or if the food products become contaminated. Recalls could result in losses due to the cost of the recall, the destruction of the product and lost sales due to the unavailability of the product for a period of time.

Changes in privacy laws could adversely affect our ability to market our products effectively.

We rely on a variety of direct marketing techniques, including email marketing. Any expansion on existing and/or new laws and regulations regarding marketing, solicitation or data protection could adversely affect the continuing effectiveness of our email and other marketing techniques and could result in changes to our marketing strategy which could adversely impact our attendance levels and revenues.

We are subject to complex taxation and could be subject to changes in our tax rates, the adoption of new U.S. or international tax legislation or exposure to additional tax liabilities.

We are subject to many different forms of taxation both in the U.S. and in the foreign jurisdictions where we operate. The tax authorities may not agree with the determinations that we made and such disagreements could result in lengthy legal disputes and, ultimately, in the payment of substantial amounts for tax, interest and penalties, which could have a material impact on our results.  Additionally, current economic and political conditions make tax rates in any jurisdiction, including the U.S., subject to significant change. Our future effective tax rates could be affected by changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, or changes in tax laws or their interpretation. If the Company’s effective tax rates were to increase, or if the ultimate determination of the Company’s taxes owed in the U.S. or foreign jurisdictions is for an amount in excess of amounts previously accrued, the Company’s operating results, cash flows, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

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We may not be able to generate additional revenues or continue to realize value from our investment in NCM.

As of December 31, 2018, we owned 39,518,644 common units of NCM, which represented an ownership interest in NCM of approximately 25%. We receive a monthly theatre access fee under our Exhibitor Services Agreement with NCM and we are entitled to receive mandatory quarterly distributions of excess cash from NCM.  During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Company received approximately $11.0 million, $11.3 million and $12.1 million in other revenues from NCM, respectively, $14.2 million, $17.4 million and $22.2 million in cash distributions recorded as a reduction of our investment in NCM, respectively, and $14.7 million $16.4 million, $15.4 million in cash distributions in excess of our investment in NCM, respectively. Cinema advertising is a small component of the U.S. advertising market and therefore, NCM competes with larger, more established and well known media platforms such as broadcast radio and television, cable and satellite television, outdoor advertising and Internet portals. In-theatre advertising may not continue to attract advertisers or NCM’s in-theatre advertising format may not continue to be received favorably by theatre patrons. If NCM is unable to continue to generate consistent advertising revenues, its results of operations may be adversely affected and our investment in and distributions and revenues from NCM may be adversely impacted.

Each of our common units in NCM is convertible into one share of NCM, Inc. common stock.  As of December 31, 2018, the estimated fair value of our investment in NCM was approximately $256.1 million based on NCM, Inc.’s stock price as of December 31, 2018 of $6.48 per share, which was less than our carrying value of $275.6 million.  We do not believe that the decline in NCM, Inc.’s stock price is other than temporary and therefore, we did not record an impairment of our investment in NCM during the year ended December 31, 2018.  The market value of NCM, Inc.’s stock price may continue to vary due to the performance of the business, industry trends, general and economic conditions and other factors.  If NCM, Inc.’s stock price continues to decline or stays at a level below our carrying value for an extended period of time, we may record an impairment in our investment.

We are subject to impairment losses due to potential declines in the fair value of our assets.

We have a significant amount of long-lived assets. We evaluate long-lived assets for impairment at the theatre level.  Therefore, if a theatre is directly and individually impacted by increased competition, adverse changes in market demographics, or adverse changes in the development or condition of the areas surrounding the theatre, we may record impairment charges to reflect the decline in estimated fair value of that theatre.  

We also have a significant amount of goodwill and tradename intangible assets. Declines in our stock price or market capitalization, declines in our attendance due to increased competition in certain regions and/or countries or economic factors that lead to a decline in attendance in any given region or country could result in impairments of goodwill and our intangible assets.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

United States

As of December 31, 2018, in the U.S., we operated 300 theatres with 3,978 screens pursuant to leases and own the land and building for 41 theatres with 608 screens. Our leases are generally entered into on a long-term basis with terms, including optional renewal periods, generally ranging from 20 to 45 years. As of December 31, 2018, approximately 8% of our theatre leases in the U.S., covering 25 theatres with 197 screens, have remaining terms, including optional renewal periods, of less than six years. Approximately 8% of our theatre leases in the U.S., covering 25 theatres with 326 screens, have remaining terms, including optional renewal periods, of between six and 15 years and approximately 84% of our theatre leases in the U.S., covering 250 theatres with 3,455 screens, have remaining terms, including optional renewal periods, of more than 15 years. The leases generally provide for a fixed monthly minimum rent payment, with certain leases also subject to additional percentage rent if a target annual revenue level is achieved. We currently own an office building in Plano, Texas, which is our worldwide headquarters. We also lease office space in Frisco, Texas for theatre support and maintenance personnel.

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International

As of December 31, 2018, internationally, we operated 205 theatres with 1,462 screens, all of which are leased. Our international leases are generally entered into on a long term basis with terms, including optional renewal periods, generally ranging from 10 to 30 years. The leases generally provide for contingent rental based upon operating results with an annual minimum. As of December 31, 2018, approximately 12% of our international theatre leases, covering 24 theatres with 208 screens, have remaining terms, including optional renewal periods, of less than six years. Approximately 48% of our international theatre leases, covering 99 theatres and 720 screens, have remaining terms, including optional renewal periods, of between six and 15 years and approximately 40% of our international theatre leases, covering 82 theatres and 534 screens, have remaining terms, including optional renewal periods, of more than 15 years. The leases generally provide for a fixed monthly minimum rent payment, with certain leases also subject to additional percentage rent if a target annual revenue level is achieved. We also lease office space in seven regions in Latin America for our local management.

See Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements for information regarding our minimum lease commitments. We periodically review the profitability of each of our theatres, particularly those whose lease terms are nearing expiration, to determine whether to continue its operations.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Silken Brown v. Cinemark USA, Inc., Case No. 3:13cv05669, In the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, San Francisco Division. The case presents putative class action claims for penalties and attorney's fees arising from alleged violations of the California wage statement law.  The claim is also asserted as a representative action under the California Private Attorney General Act (PAGA) for penalties. The Court granted class certification. The company denies the claims, denies that class certification is appropriate, denies that the plaintiff has standing to assert the claims alleged and is vigorously defending against the claims.  The Company denies any violation of law; however, to avoid the cost and uncertainty associated with litigation the Company and the plaintiff entered into a Joint Stipulation of Class Action Settlement and Release of Claims (the “Settlement Agreement”) to fully and finally dismiss all claims that would be brought in the case.  The Settlement Agreement must be approved by the Court.  During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a litigation reserve based on the proposed Settlement Agreement in loss on disposal of assets and other on the consolidated income statement.

Flagship Theatres of Palm Desert, LLC d/b/a Cinemas Palme D’Or v. Century Theatres, Inc., and Cinemark USA, Inc.; Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles.  Plaintiff in this case alleges that the Company violated California antitrust and unfair competition laws by engaging in “circuit dealing” with various motion picture distributors and tortuously interfered with Plaintiff’s business relationships.  Plaintiff seeks compensatory damages, trebling of those damages under California law, punitive damages, injunctive relief, attorneys’ fees, costs and interest.  Plaintiff also alleges that the Company’s conduct ultimately resulted in closure of its theatre in June 2016.  The Company denied the allegations.  In 2008, the Company moved for summary judgment on Plaintiff’s claims, arguing primarily that clearances between the theatres at issue were lawful and that Plaintiff lacked proof sufficient to support certain technical elements of its antitrust claims.  The trial court granted that motion and dismissed Plaintiff’s claims.  Plaintiff appealed and, in 2011, the Court of Appeal reversed, holding, among other things, that Plaintiff’s claims were not about the illegality of clearances but were focused, instead, on “circuit dealing.”  Having re-framed the claims in that manner, the Court of Appeal held that the trial court’s decision to limit discovery to the market where the theatres at issue operated was an error, as “circuit dealing” necessarily involves activities in different markets.  Upon return to the trial court, the parties engaged in additional, broadened discovery related to Plaintiff’s “circuit dealing” claim.  Thereafter, the Company moved again for summary judgment on all of Plaintiff’s claims.  That new motion for summary judgment was pending when, on or about April 11, 2014, the trial court granted the Company’s motion for terminating sanctions and entered a judgment dismissing the case with prejudice.  Plaintiff then appealed that second dismissal, seeking to have the judgment reversed and the case remanded to the trial court.  The Court of Appeal issued a ruling on May 24, 2016, reversing the granting of terminating sanctions and instead imposed a lesser evidentiary and damages preclusion sanction.  The case returned to the trial court on October 6, 2016.  On May 10, 2018, after a five-week jury trial, the jury found no liability on one circuit dealing claim and awarded Plaintiff damages on the other claim, which are tripled for antitrust damage awards.  Plaintiff would also be entitled to certain court costs and to seek at least some portion of its attorney’s fees.  During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a litigation reserve based on an estimate of the jury award, which is reflected in loss on

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disposal of assets and other on the consolidated income statement.  The trial court denied a motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict and a motion for a new trial. The Company intends to appeal the judgment.  Although the Company denies that it engaged in any form of circuit dealing, it cannot predict the outcome of its pending motions or future appeals.

We received a Civil Investigative Demand (“CID”) from the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice. The CID relates to an investigation under Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act. We also received CIDs from the Antitrust Section of the Office of the Attorney General of the State of Ohio and later from other states regarding similar inquiries under state antitrust laws. The CIDs request us to answer interrogatories, and produce documents, or both, related to the investigation of matters including film clearances, potential coordination and/or communication with other major theatre circuits and related joint ventures. We intend to fully cooperate with all federal and state government agencies. Although we do not believe that it has violated any federal or state antitrust or competition laws, we cannot predict the ultimate scope, duration or outcome of these investigations.

From time to time, we are involved in other various legal proceedings arising from the ordinary course of business operations, such as personal injury claims, employment matters, landlord-tenant disputes, patent claims and contractual disputes, some of which are covered by insurance or by indemnification from vendors. We believe our potential liability with respect to these types of proceedings currently pending is not material, individually or in the aggregate, to our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

Our common equity consists of common stock, which has traded on the New York Stock Exchange since April 24, 2007 under the symbol “CNK."  

Holders of Common Stock

As of December 31, 2018, there were 490 holders of record of the Company’s common stock and there were no other classes of stock issued and outstanding.

Dividend Policy

 

We, at the discretion of the board of directors and subject to applicable law, anticipate paying regular quarterly dividends on our common stock. The amount, if any, of the dividends to be paid in the future will depend upon our then available cash, anticipated cash needs, overall financial condition, loan agreement restrictions, future prospects for earnings and cash flows, as well as other relevant factors. See Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Financing Activities for a discussion of dividend restrictions under our debt agreements.

 

See Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements for a detail of dividends paid during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018.

Performance Graph

The performance graph is incorporated by reference to the Company’s proxy statement for its annual stockholders meeting to be held on May 23, 2019 and to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2018.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

Information regarding securities authorized for issuance under the Company’s long-term compensation plan is incorporated by reference to the Company’s proxy statement for its annual stockholders meeting to be held on May 23, 2019 and to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2018.

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The following table provides our selected consolidated financial and operating data for the periods and at the dates indicated for each of the five most recent years ended December 31, 2018. You should read the selected consolidated financial and operating data set forth below in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this report.  We adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue Recognition, effective January 1, 2018.  See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for a summary of the impact of adoption.

 

 

 

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and accompanying notes included in this report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” for a discussion of the uncertainties and risk associated with these statements.

Overview

We are a leader in the motion picture exhibition industry, with theatres in the U.S., Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Guatemala, Bolivia, Curacao and Paraguay. As of December 31, 2018, we managed our business under two reportable operating segments – U.S. markets and international markets. See Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements.

Revenues and Expenses

We generate revenues primarily from filmed entertainment box office receipts and concession sales with additional revenues from screen advertising sales and other revenue streams, such as transactional fees, vendor marketing promotions, studio trailer placements, meeting rentals and electronic video games located in some of our theatres. NCM provides our domestic theatres with various forms of in theatre advertising. We also offer alternative entertainment, such as live and pre-recorded sports programs, concert events, the Metropolitan Opera, in-theatre gaming and other special events in our theatres through our joint venture, AC JV, LLC. Our Flix Media initiative has also allowed us to expand our screen advertising and alternative content within our international circuit and to other international exhibitors.

Films leading the box office during the year ended December 31, 2018 included Black Panther, Avengers: Infinity War, Incredibles 2, Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Aquaman, Deadpool 2, Dr. Seuss’ The Grinch, Mission Impossible – Fallout, Ant-Man and the Wasp, Solo: A Star Wars Story, Venom, A Quiet Place, Crazy Rich Asians, Halloween, Bumblebee, Ralph Breaks the Internet, Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald, Mary Poppins Returns, A Star is Born, Bohemian Rhapsody and other films, as well as the carryover of The Greatest Showman, Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle and Star Wars: The Last Jedi.

Films scheduled for release during 2019 include Avengers: Endgame, Star Wars: Episode IX, The Lion King, Frozen 2, Toy Story 4, Aladdin, Captain Marvel, It 2, Spider-Man: Far From Home, The Secret Life of Pets 2, Joker, Dumbo, and Godzilla 2 among other films.

Film rental costs are variable in nature and fluctuate with our admissions revenues. Film rental costs as a percentage of revenues are generally higher for periods in which more blockbuster films are released. Advertising costs, which are expensed as incurred, are primarily related to campaigns for new and renovated theatres, loyalty and membership programs and brand advertising that vary depending on the timing of such campaigns.

Concession supplies expense is variable in nature and fluctuates with our concession revenues and product mix. We negotiate prices for concession supplies directly with concession vendors and manufacturers to obtain volume rates.

Although salaries and wages include a fixed cost component (i.e. the minimum staffing costs to operate a theatre facility during non-peak periods), salaries and wages move in relation to revenues as theatre staffing is adjusted to respond to changes in attendance. In some international locations, staffing levels are also subject to local regulations.

Facility lease expense is primarily a fixed cost at the theatre level as most of our facility leases require a fixed monthly minimum rent payment. Certain leases are subject to percentage rent only, while others are subject to percentage rent in addition to their fixed monthly rent if a target annual performance level is achieved. Facility lease expense as a percentage of revenues is also affected by the number of theatres under operating leases, the number of theatres under capital and finance leases and the number of owned theatres.

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Utilities and other costs include both fixed and variable costs and primarily consist of utilities, expenses for projection and sound equipment maintenance and monitoring, property taxes, janitorial costs, repairs, maintenance and security services.

General and administrative expenses are primarily fixed in nature and consist of the costs to support the overall management of the Company, including salaries and wages, incentive compensation and benefit costs for our corporate office personnel, facility expenses for our corporate offices, consulting fees, legal fees, audit fees, supplies and other costs that are not specifically associated with the operations of our theatres.

Critical Accounting Policies

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S., or U.S. GAAP. As such, we are required to make certain estimates and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based upon the information available. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. The significant accounting policies, which we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported consolidated financial results, include the following:

Revenue and Expense Recognition

Our patrons often have the option to purchase movie tickets well in advance of a movie showtime or right before the movie showtime, or at any point in between those two timeframes depending on seat availability.  We recognize such admissions revenues when the showtime for a purchased movie ticket has passed.  Concession revenues are recognized when sales are made at the registers.  Other revenues primarily consist of screen advertising and other revenue streams, such as transactional fees, vendor marketing promotions, studio trailer placements, meeting rentals and electronic video games located in some of our theatres. Screen advertising revenues are recognized over the period that the related advertising is delivered on-screen or in-theatre.  We sell gift cards and discount ticket vouchers, the proceeds from which are recorded as current liabilities.  Revenues for gift cards and discount ticket vouchers are recognized when they are redeemed for movie tickets or concession items.  We offer a subscription program in the U.S. whereby patrons can pay a monthly fee to receive a monthly credit for use towards a future movie ticket purchase.  We record the monthly subscription program fees as current liabilities and record admissions revenues as the credits are redeemed for movie tickets.  We also have loyalty programs in many of our locations that either have a prepaid annual membership fee or award points to customers as purchases are made.  For those loyalty programs that have an annual membership fee, we recognize the fee collected as other revenues over the term of the membership.  For those loyalty programs that award points to customers based on their purchases, we record a portion of the original transaction proceeds as liabilities based on the number of reward points issued to the customer and recognize revenues when the customer redeems such points.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), (“ASC Topic 606”), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers.  ASC Topic 606 replaces most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.  In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the contracts with customers.  We adopted ASC Topic 606 effective January 1, 2018 under the modified retrospective method.

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Changes to the way in which we recognize revenue resulted in the following impacts to our consolidated statements of income:

Film rental costs are accrued based on the applicable box office receipts and either firm terms or a sliding scale formula, which are generally established prior to the opening of the film, or estimates of the final settlement rate, which occurs at the conclusion of the film run, subject to the film licensing arrangement. Under a firm terms formula, we pay the distributor a percentage of box office receipts, which reflects either an aggregate rate for the life of the film or rates that decline over the term of the run. Under a sliding scale formula, we pay a percentage of box office revenues using a pre-determined matrix that is based upon box office performance of the film. The settlement process allows for negotiation of film rental fees upon the conclusion of the film run based upon how the film performs. Estimates are based on the expected success of a film. The success of a film can typically be determined a few weeks after a film is released when initial box office performance of the film is known. If actual settlements are different than those estimates, film rental costs are adjusted at that time. Our advertising costs are expensed as incurred.

Facility lease expense is primarily a fixed cost at the theatre level as most of our facility leases require a fixed monthly minimum rent payment. Certain of our leases are subject to monthly percentage rent only, which is accrued each month based on actual revenues. Certain of our other theatres require payment of percentage rent in addition to fixed monthly rent if an annual target revenue level is achieved. Percentage rent expense is estimated and recorded for these theatres on a monthly basis if the theatre’s historical performance or forecasted performance indicates that the annual target revenue level will be reached. Once annual revenues are known, which is generally at the end of the year, the percentage rent expense is adjusted at that time. We record the fixed minimum rent payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Theatre properties and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. In estimating the useful lives of our theatre properties and equipment, we have relied upon our experience with such assets and our historical replacement period. We periodically evaluate these estimates and assumptions and adjust them as necessary. Leasehold improvements for which we pay and to which we have title are amortized over the lesser of useful life or the lease term.

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Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We review long-lived assets for impairment indicators on a quarterly basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. We also perform a full quantitative impairment evaluation on an annual basis. We assess many factors including the following to determine whether to impair individual theatre assets:

Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment on a theatre basis, which we believe is the lowest applicable level for which there are identifiable cash flows. The impairment evaluation is based on the estimated undiscounted cash flows from continuing use through the remainder of the theatre’s useful life. The remainder of the theatre’s useful life correlates with the remaining lease period, which includes the probability of the exercise of available renewal periods for leased properties and the lesser of twenty years or the building’s remaining useful life for owned properties. If the estimated undiscounted cash flows are not sufficient to recover a long-lived asset’s carrying value, we then compare the carrying value of the asset group (theatre) with its estimated fair value. When estimated fair value is determined to be lower than the carrying value of the asset group (theatre), the asset group (theatre) is written down to its estimated fair value. Significant judgment is involved in estimating cash flows and fair value. Fair value is determined based on a multiple of cash flows, which was six and a half times for the evaluations performed during 2016, 2017 and 2018.  Management’s estimates, which fall under Level 3 of the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy as defined by FASB ASC Topic 820-10-35, are based on historical and projected operating performance, recent market transactions and current industry trading multiples. The long-lived asset impairment charges recorded during each of the periods presented are specific to theatres that were directly and individually impacted by increased competition, adverse changes in market demographics, or adverse changes in the development or the conditions of the areas surrounding the theatre.

Impairment of Goodwill and Intangible Assets

We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the goodwill may not be fully recoverable.  We evaluate goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level and we have allocated goodwill to the reporting unit based on an estimate of its relative fair value. Management considers the reporting unit to be each of its twenty regions in the U.S. and seven of its international countries with Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Guatemala considered one reporting unit (the Company does not have goodwill recorded for all of its international locations). Under ASC Topic 350, Goodwill, Intangibles and Other (“ASC Topic 350”), we may perform a qualitative impairment assessment or a quantitative impairment assessment of our goodwill.  

A quantitative analysis requires us to estimate the fair value of each reporting unit and compare it with its carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, goodwill would be written down such that the carrying value would equal estimated fair value. Fair value is determined based on a multiple of cash flows, which was eight times for the evaluations performed during 2017 and 2018.  Significant judgment is involved in estimating cash flows and fair value. Management’s estimates, which fall under Level 3 of the U.S. GAAP

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fair value hierarchy as defined by FASB ASC Topic 820-10-35, are based on historical and projected operating performance, recent market transactions and current industry trading multiples. A qualitative assessment includes consideration of historical and expected future industry performance, estimated future performance of the Company, current industry trading multiples and other economic factors, and a review of current carrying values compared to estimated fair values as determined during our most recent quantitative assessment.  

We performed a qualitative assessment for all reporting units for the year ended December 31, 2016.  We performed a quantitative goodwill impairment analysis for all reporting units during the year ended December 31, 2017.  For the year ended December 31, 2018, we performed a quantitative goodwill assessment for three new domestic reporting units and a qualitative assessment for all other reporting units.  As of December 31, 2018, the estimated fair value of our goodwill for each reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by more than 10%, with the exception of one reporting unit, whose fair value exceeded its carrying value by approximately 9%.  We did not record any goodwill impairment charges as a result of the assessments performed during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018.  

Tradename intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually during the fourth quarter or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be fully recoverable. Under ASC Topic 350, we can elect to perform a qualitative or quantitative impairment assessment for our tradename intangible assets.  A quantitative tradename impairment assessment includes comparing the carrying values of tradename assets to an estimated fair value. Fair values are estimated by applying an estimated market royalty rate that could be charged for the use of our tradename to forecasted future revenues, with an adjustment for the present value of such royalties. If the estimated fair value is less than the carrying value, the tradename intangible asset is written down to its estimated fair value. Significant judgment is involved in estimating market royalty rates and long-term revenue forecasts. Management’s estimates, which fall under Level 3 of the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy as defined by FASB ASC Topic 820-10-35, are based on historical and projected revenue performance and industry trends.  A qualitative assessment considers our historical and forecasted revenues and changes in estimated royalty rates, and a comparison of current carrying values to estimated fair values from our most recent quantitative assessment.

During the year ended December 31, 2016, we performed a quantitative tradename impairment assessment for our tradename in Ecuador and performed a qualitative tradename impairment analysis for all other tradename intangible assets.  During the year ended December 31, 2017, we performed quantitative tradename impairment evaluations for all tradename assets.  During the year ended December 31, 2018, we performed a qualitative tradename impairment analysis.  As a result of the analysis performed during each year, no impairment charges were recorded related to tradename intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018.  

Income Taxes

We use an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income taxes are provided when tax laws and financial accounting standards differ with respect to the amount of income for a year and the basis of assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amount of deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not that such assets will be realized. Income taxes are provided on unremitted earnings from foreign subsidiaries unless such earnings are expected to be indefinitely reinvested. Income taxes have also been provided for potential tax assessments. The evaluation of an uncertain tax position is a two-step process. The first step is recognition: We determine whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, we presume that the position would be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that would have full knowledge of all relevant information. The second step is measurement: A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the financial statements result in (1) a change in a liability for income taxes payable or (2) a change in an income tax refund receivable, a deferred tax asset or a deferred tax liability or both (1) and (2). We accrue interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions. See “Impact of Recent Accounting Developments” below.

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On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act"). The Tax Act made changes to the U.S. tax code, which included (1) reduced the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent, (2) generally eliminated U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries,  (3) a one-time transition tax on certain undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries, and (4) created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings.  As of December 31, 2018, the amounts recorded for the Tax Act are final for the 2017 transition tax, the re-measurement of deferred taxes, and our reassessment of valuation allowances.  

Accounting for Investment in National CineMedia, LLC and Related Agreements

We have an investment in NCM. NCM operates a digital in-theatre network in the U.S. for providing cinema advertising and non-film events. Upon joining NCM, we entered into an Exhibitor Services Agreement (“ESA”), with NCM pursuant to which NCM provides advertising, promotion and event services to our theatres. On February 13, 2007, National CineMedia, Inc., or NCM Inc., a newly formed entity that serves as a member and the sole manager of NCM, completed an initial public offering of its common stock. In connection with the NCM Inc. initial public offering, we amended our operating agreement and the Exhibitor Services Agreement, or ESA, with NCM and received proceeds related to the modification of the ESA and our sale of certain of shares in NCM. The ESA modification reflected a shift from circuit share expense under the prior Exhibitor Services Agreement, which obligated NCM to pay us a percentage of revenue, to a monthly theatre access fee, which significantly reduced the contractual amounts paid to the Company by NCM. The Company recorded the proceeds related to the ESA modification as deferred revenue. As a result of the proceeds received as part of the NCM, Inc. initial public offering, the Company had a negative basis in its original membership units in NCM (referred to herein as its Tranche 1 Investment). The Company does not recognize undistributed equity in the earnings on its Tranche 1 Investment until NCM's future net earnings, less distributions received, surpass the amount of the excess distribution. The Company recognizes equity in earnings on its Tranche 1 Investment only to the extent it receives cash distributions from NCM. The Company believes that the accounting model provided by ASC 323-10-35-22 for recognition of equity investee losses in excess of an investor's basis is analogous to the accounting for equity income subsequent to recognizing an excess distribution.

Pursuant to a Common Unit Adjustment Agreement dated as of February 13, 2007 between NCM, Inc. and Cinemark, AMC and Regal, collectively referred to as its Founding Members, annual adjustments to the common membership units are made primarily based on increases or decreases in the number of theatre screens operated and theatre attendance generated by each Founding Member.  To account for the receipt of additional common units under the Common Unit Adjustment Agreement, the Company follows the guidance in ASC 323-10-35-29 (formerly EITF 02-18, Accounting for Subsequent Investments in an Investee after Suspension of Equity Loss Recognition) by analogy, which also refers to AICPA Technical Practice Aid 2220.14, which indicates that if a subsequent investment is made in an equity method investee that has experienced significant losses, the investor must determine if the subsequent investment constitutes funding of prior losses.  The Company concluded that the construction or acquisition of new theatres that has led to the common unit adjustments equates to making additional investments in National CineMedia. The Company evaluated the receipt of the additional common units in National CineMedia and the assets exchanged for these additional units and has determined that the right to use its incremental new screens would not be considered funding of prior losses. The Company accounts for these additional common units (referred to herein as its Tranche 2 Investment) as a separate investment than its Tranche 1 Investment.  The common units received are recorded at fair value as an increase in the Company’s investment in NCM with an offset to deferred revenue.  The deferred revenue is amortized over the remaining term of the ESA.  The Tranche 2 Investment is accounted for following the equity method, with undistributed equity earnings related to its Tranche 2 Investment included as a component of equity in income of affiliates and distributions received related to its Tranche 2 Investment are recorded as a reduction of its investment basis.

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Impact of Recent Accounting Developments

Impact of New Revenue Recognition Standard

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), (“ASC Topic 606”), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers.  ASC Topic 606 replaces most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.  In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the contracts with customers.  

Impact of New Lease Accounting Standard

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), (“ASU 2016-02”). The purpose of ASU 2016-02 is to provide financial statement users a better understanding of the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 will result in the recognition of a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for most operating leases.  New disclosure requirements include qualitative and quantitative information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements related to leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. ASU 2016-02 requires a modified retrospective transition by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the earliest period presented with the option to elect certain practical expedients. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases (“ASU 2018-10”). In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements (“ASU 2018-11”). ASU 2018-11 provides an additional transition method to adopt ASU 2016-02.  Under this new transition method, an entity initially applies ASU 2016-02 at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption.  This additional transition method changes only when an entity is required to initially apply the transition requirements outlined in ASU 2016-02; it does not change how those requirements are applied.  We used the transition method outlined in ASU 2018-11 upon adoption.  

We adopted ASC Topic 842 and the related amendments in ASU 2016-02 and ASU 2018-11 (collectively referred to herein as “the New Leasing Standard”) effective January 1, 2019.  We are finalizing its evaluation of the impact of the New Leasing Standard on our consolidated financial statements, and expect the most significant impacts to be as follows:

Recent Developments

On February 22, 2019, our board of directors approved a cash dividend for the fourth quarter of 2018 of $0.34 per share of common stock is payable to stockholders of record on March 8, 2019, and will be paid on March 22, 2019.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the amounts for certain items reflected in our consolidated statements of income along with each of those items as a percentage of revenues.

 

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Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017

Revenues. Total revenues increased $230.2 million to $3,221.8 million for 2018 from $2,991.6 million for 2017, representing a 7.7% increase. The table below, presented by reportable operating segment, summarizes our year-over-year revenue performance and certain key performance indicators that impact our revenues.

 

 

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Cost of Operations. The table below summarizes certain of our theatre operating costs by reportable operating segment (in millions) for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018.

 

 

Salaries and wages increased to $303.7 million for 2018 from $265.8 million for 2017 primarily due to increased staffing levels to support the increased attendance and expanded concession offerings, staffing at new and recently remodeled theatres and increases in minimum and other wage rates. Facility lease expense increased to $245.1 million for 2018 from $241.0 million for 2017 due to percentage rent due to revenue growth. Utilities and other costs increased to $327.0 million for 2018 from $241.6 million for 2017.  The increase was primarily due to the presentation of transactional fees on a gross basis versus net basis (see Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements for further discussion).  

Salaries and wages decreased to $80.2 million (increased to $94.1 million in constant currency) for 2018 from $88.7 million for 2017. The as reported decrease was due to the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates in certain countries in which we operate, partially offset by increased local currency wages that were primarily driven by inflation, new theatres and limited flexibility in scheduling staff caused by shifting government regulations.  Facility lease expense decreased to $78.2 million (increased to $87.3 million in constant currency) for 2018 from $87.2 million for 2017. The as reported decrease was due to the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates in certain countries in which we operate and lower percentage rent due to the decline in revenues, partially offset by an increase in base rent due to new theatres. Utilities and other costs increased to $121.0 million ($140.6 million in constant currency) for 2018 from $113.4 million for 2017. The as reported increase was primarily due to the presentation of transactional fees on a gross basis versus net basis (see Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements for further discussion).    

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General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased to $165.2 million for 2018 from $153.3 million for 2017. The increase was primarily due to increased headcount to support strategic initiatives, increased benefits costs and professional fees, partially offset by the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates in certain countries in which we operate.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense was $261.2 million for 2018 compared to $237.5 million for 2017. The increase was primarily due to depreciation expense related to theatre remodels, including Luxury Lounger conversions, and new theatres.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. We recorded asset impairment charges on assets held and used of $32.4 million for 2018 compared to $15.1 million for 2017. Impairment charges for 2018 consisted of theatre properties in nine of our U.S. regions, Brazil, Colombia, Panama and Peru. Impairment charges for 2017 consisted of theatre properties in eleven of our U.S. regions, Colombia, Brazil, Guatemala and Curacao. The long-lived asset impairment charges recorded during each of the periods presented were specific to theatres that were directly and individually impacted by increased competition, adverse changes in market demographics, or adverse changes in the development or the conditions of the areas surrounding the theatre. See Notes 1 and 9 to our consolidated financial statements.

Loss on Disposal of Assets and Other. We recorded a loss on disposal of assets and other of $38.7 million during 2018 compared to $22.8 million during 2017. The loss recorded during 2018 was primarily due to the retirement of assets related to theatre remodels, including Luxury Lounger conversions, and the accrual of reserves for outstanding litigation (see Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements).  The loss recorded during 2017 included the retirement of assets due to theatre remodels and closures and the write-off of a favorable lease intangible asset due to the amendment of a theatre lease, partially offset by gains related to the sale of excess land parcels and a gain on a landlord buyout of a theatre lease.

Interest Expense. Interest costs incurred, including amortization of debt issue costs, were $110.0 million for 2018 compared to $105.9 million for 2017. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the variable rate at which our term loan accrued interest during 2018.  See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements for discussion of our long-term debt and our interest rate swap agreements.

Foreign Currency Exchange Gain (Loss). We recorded a foreign currency exchange loss of $11.7 million during 2018 and a foreign currency exchange gain of $0.9 million during 2017 primarily related to intercompany transactions and changes in exchange rates from original transaction dates until cash settlement. See Notes 1 and 13 to our consolidated financial statements for discussion of foreign currency translation.

Loss on Debt Amendments and Refinancing. We recorded a loss of $1.5 million during 2018 related to amendments to our senior secured credit facility that included a reduction in the interest rate at which our term loan accrues interest and to reduce the amount of real property required to be mortgaged to secure the loans. We recorded a loss of $0.5 million during 2017 related to amendments to our senior secured credit facility that included a reduction in the interest rates applicable to the term loan and revolving credit line, revisions to certain definitions within the agreement, and an extension of the maturity of the revolving credit line. See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements for discussion of our long-term debt.

Distributions from NCM. We recorded distributions received from NCM of $15.4 million during 2018 and $16.4 million during 2017, which were in excess of the carrying value of our Tranche 1 Investment. See Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements.

Interest expense – NCM.  We recorded non-cash interest expense of $19.7 million during 2018 related to the significant financing component associated with revenues collected in advance under certain of our agreements with NCM.  See Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements for further discussion of ASC Topic 606.  

Equity in Income of Affiliates. We recorded equity in income of affiliates of $39.2 million during 2018 and $36.0 million during 2017. See Notes 6 and 7 to our consolidated financial statements for information about our equity investments.

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Income Taxes. Income tax expense of $95.4 million was recorded for 2018 compared to $79.4 million recorded for 2017. The effective tax rate for 2018 was 30.7% and included a net additional charge, as a result of the Tax Act and its recently issued guidance, of $19.2 million all non-cash.  The effective tax rate for 2017 was 23.0%, which included the impact of a one-time benefit of $44.9 million related to the enactment of the Tax Act.  See Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements for further information on our income tax expense and tax reform.

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016

Revenues. Total revenues increased $72.8 million to $2,991.6 million for 2017 from $2,918.8 million for 2016, representing a 2.5% increase. The table below, presented by reportable operating segment, summarizes our year-over-year revenue performance and certain key performance indicators that impact our revenues.

 

 

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Cost of Operations. The table below summarizes certain of our theatre operating costs by reportable operating segment (in millions) for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017.

 

 

Salaries and wages increased to $265.8 million for 2017 from $248.2 million for 2016 primarily due to incremental staffing at new and recently remodeled theatres, increases in minimum wages and increased staffing for food and beverage initiatives. Facility lease expense increased to $241.0 million for 2017 from $240.7 million for 2016 due to the impact of new theatres. Utilities and other costs decreased to $241.6 million for 2017 from $250.9 million for the 2016 period.  The decrease was primarily due to the change in classification of transactional fees and decreased equipment lease expenses for 3-D presentations.  

Salaries and wages increased to $88.7 million ($88.2 million in constant currency) for 2017 from $77.6 million for 2016. The as reported increase was due to increased local currency wage rates primarily due to inflation, new theatres and limited flexibility in scheduling staff caused by shifting government regulations.  Facility lease expense increased to $87.2 million ($84.6 million in constant currency) for 2017 from $80.6 million for 2016. The as reported increase was due to the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates in certain countries in which we operate and new theatres. Utilities and other costs increased to $113.4 million ($111.6 million in constant currency) for 2017 from $105.0 million for 2016. The as reported increase was due to new theatres, increases in repairs and maintenance expenses and utility expenses and the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates in certain countries in which we operate.  

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased to $153.3 million for 2017 from $143.4 million for 2016. The increase was primarily due to increased salaries and wages partially due to inflation, professional fees and the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates in certain countries in which we operate.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense was $237.5 million for 2017 compared to $209.1 million for 2016. The increase was primarily due to depreciation expense related to theatre remodels and new theatres.

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Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. We recorded asset impairment charges on assets held and used of $15.1 million for 2017 compared to $2.8 million for 2016. Impairment charges for 2017 consisted of theatre properties in the U.S., Colombia, Brazil, Guatemala and Curacao, impacting fifteen of our twenty-seven reporting units. Impairment charges for 2016 consisted of theatre properties in the U.S., Colombia and Ecuador, impacting fourteen of our twenty-seven reporting units. The long-lived asset impairment charges recorded during each of the periods presented were specific to theatres that were directly and individually impacted by increased competition, adverse changes in market demographics, or adverse changes in the development or the conditions of the areas surrounding the theatre. See Notes 1 and 9 to our consolidated financial statements.

Loss on Disposal of Assets and Other. We recorded a loss on disposal of assets and other of $22.8 million during 2017 compared to $20.4 million during 2016. The loss recorded during 2017 included the retirement of assets due to theatre remodels and closures and the write-off of a favorable lease intangible asset due to the amendment of a theatre lease, partially offset by gains related to the sale of excess land parcels and a gain on a landlord buyout of a theatre lease.  The loss recorded during 2016 included the retirement of assets due to theatre remodels and closures, partially offset by a gain on the sale of our investment in RealD stock (see Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements) and a gain on the sale of a land parcel.

Interest Expense. Interest costs incurred, including amortization of debt issue costs, were $105.9 million for 2017 compared to $108.3 million for 2016. The decrease was due to the redemption of our previously outstanding $200.0 million 7.375% senior subordinated notes (the “7.375% Senior Subordinated Notes”) funded by a $225.0 million add-on to our 4.875% senior notes (the “4.875% Senior Notes), which occurred on March 21, 2016, as well as amendments to our senior secured credit facility completed during June and December of 2016 and June of 2017, which, in the aggregate, reduced the rate at which our term loan accrues interest by 100 basis points.  See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements for discussion of our long-term debt.

Foreign Currency Exchange Gain. We recorded a foreign currency exchange gain of $0.9 million during 2017 and a foreign currency exchange gain of $6.5 million during 2016 primarily related to intercompany transactions and changes in exchange rates from the original transaction date until cash settlement. See Notes 1 and 13 to our consolidated financial statements for discussion of foreign currency translation.

Loss on Debt Amendments and Refinancing. We recorded a loss of $0.5 million during 2017 related to amendments to our senior secured credit facility that included a reduction in the interest rate at which our term loan accrues interest, revisions to certain definitions within the agreement, a reduction of the interest rates applicable to the revolving credit line and an extension of the maturity of the revolving credit line. We recorded a loss of $13.4 million during 2016 primarily related to the early redemption of our $200.0 million 7.375% Senior Subordinated Notes. See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements for discussion of our long-term debt.

Distributions from NCM. We recorded distributions received from NCM of $16.4 million during 2017 and $14.7 million during 2016, which were in excess of the carrying value of our Tranche 1 Investment. See Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements.

Equity in Income of Affiliates. We recorded equity in income of affiliates of $36.0 million during 2017 and $32.0 million during 2016. See Notes 6 and 7 to our consolidated financial statements for information about our equity investments.

Income Taxes. Income tax expense of $79.4 million was recorded for 2017 compared to $103.8 million recorded for 2016. The effective tax rate for 2017 was 23.0%, which included the impact of a one-time benefit of $44.9 million related to the enactment of the Tax Act. See Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements.  The effective tax rate for 2016 was 28.8%.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Operating Activities

We primarily collect our revenues in cash, mainly through box office receipts and the sale of concessions. In addition, our theatres provide the patron a choice of using a credit card or debit card. Since our revenues are received

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in cash prior to the payment of related expenses, we have an operating “float” and historically have not required traditional working capital financing. Cash provided by operating activities amounted to $462.9 million, $529.0 million and $556.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The increase in cash flows from operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018 was primarily due to the increase in revenues and the amount and timing of vendor payments for movies released during December of those years.

Investing Activities

Our investing activities have been principally related to the development, remodel and acquisition of theatres. New theatre openings, remodels and acquisitions historically have been financed with internally generated cash and by debt financing, including borrowings under our senior secured credit facility. Cash used for investing activities amounted to $327.8 million, $410.5 million and $451.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The increase in cash used for investing activities during 2017 was primarily due to increases in capital expenditures and acquisitions.  The increase in cash used for investing activities during 2018 was primarily due to the acquisition of NCM common units (see Note 6) for $78.4 million, partially offset by a decrease in capital expenditures.

Capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 were as follows (in millions):

 

 

Capital expenditures for existing theatres in the table above includes the costs of remodeling certain of our existing properties to include Luxury Loungers and expanded concession offerings, which began during 2015.  During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, we had an average of 89, 148 and 72 of our domestic screens, respectively, temporarily closed for such remodels.

Our U.S. theatre circuit consisted of 341 theatres with 4,586 screens as of December 31, 2018. We built three new theatres and 32 screens and closed one theatre with 7 screens during the year ended December 31, 2018.  At December 31, 2018, we had signed commitments to open six new theatres and 70 screens in domestic markets during 2019 and open five new theatres with 54 screens subsequent to 2019. We estimate the remaining capital expenditures for the development of these 124 domestic screens will be approximately $80 million.

Our international theatre circuit consisted of 205 theatres with 1,462 screens as of December 31, 2018. We built eight new theatres and 49 screens, acquired three theatres with 19 screens and closed four screens during the year ended December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2018, we had signed commitments to open eight new theatres and 59 screens in international markets during 2019 and open two new theatres and 29 screens subsequent to 2019. We estimate the remaining capital expenditures for the development of these 88 international screens will be approximately $52 million.

Actual expenditures for continued theatre development, remodels and acquisitions are subject to change based upon the availability of attractive opportunities.  We plan to fund capital expenditures for our continued development with cash flow from operations, borrowings under our senior secured credit facility, and proceeds from debt issuances, sale leaseback transactions and/or sales of excess real estate.

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Financing Activities

Cash used for financing activities was $163.7 million, $158.0 million and $192.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Cash used for financing activities primarily consists of dividends paid to our stockholders (see Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements).

We, at the discretion of the board of directors and subject to applicable law, anticipate paying regular quarterly dividends on our common stock. The amount, if any, of the dividends to be paid in the future will depend upon our then available cash, anticipated cash needs, overall financial condition, loan agreement restrictions as discussed below, future prospects for earnings and cash flows, as well as other relevant factors.  

We may from time to time, subject to compliance with our debt instruments, purchase our debt securities on the open market depending upon the availability and prices of such securities.  

Long-term debt consisted of the following as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 (in millions):

 

As of December 31, 2018, after giving effect to a letter of credit outstanding, we had $98.8 million in available borrowing capacity on our revolving credit line.

As of December 31, 2018, our long-term debt obligations, scheduled interest payments on long-term debt, future minimum lease obligations under non-cancelable operating and capital leases, scheduled interest payments under capital leases and other obligations for each period indicated are summarized as follows:

 

 

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Other than the operating leases and purchase and other commitments disclosed in the tables above, we do not have any other off-balance sheet arrangements.

Senior Secured Credit Facility

Cinemark USA, Inc. has a senior secured credit facility that includes a $700.0 million term loan and a $100.0 million revolving credit line (the “Credit Agreement”).  

On May 16, 2016, Cinemark USA, Inc. made a pre-payment of $13.5 million on its term loan using the net proceeds received from the sale of shares of RealD (see Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements).  We did not incur any fees as a result of the pre-payment.

Cinemark USA, Inc. amended its Credit Agreement during 2016, 2017 and 2018 as follows:

 

 

Under the amended Credit Agreement, quarterly principal payments of $1.6 million are due on the term loan through December 31, 2024, with a final principal payment of $613.4 million due on March 29, 2025.

Subsequent to the March 29, 2018 amendment noted above, interest on the term loan accrues at Cinemark USA, Inc.’s option at: (A) the base rate equal to the greater of (1) the US “Prime Rate” as quoted in The Wall Street Journal or if no such rate is quoted therein, in a Federal Reserve Board statistical release, (2) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, and (3) a one-month Eurodollar-based rate plus 1.0%, plus, in each case, a margin of 0.75% per annum, or (B) a Eurodollar-based rate for a period of 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 or 12 months plus a margin of 1.75% per annum. Interest on the revolving credit line accrues, at our option, at: (A) a base rate equal to the greater of (1) the US “Prime Rate” as quoted in The Wall Street Journal or if no such rate is quoted therein, in a Federal Reserve Board statistical release, (2) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, and (3) a one-month Eurodollar-based rate plus 1.0%, plus, in each case, a margin that ranges from 0.50% to 1.25% per annum, or (B) a Eurodollar-based rate for a period of 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 or 12 months plus a margin that ranges from 1.50% to 2.25% per annum. The margin of the revolving credit line is determined by the consolidated net senior secured leverage ratio as defined in the Credit Agreement.

At December 31, 2018, there was $652.9 million outstanding under the term loan. Cinemark USA, Inc. had $98.8 million in available borrowing capacity on the revolving credit line, after giving effect to a letter of credit outstanding as of December 31, 2018. The average interest rate on outstanding term loan borrowings under the Credit Agreement at December 31, 2018 was approximately 4.4% per annum.

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Cinemark USA, Inc.’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by Cinemark Holdings, Inc. and certain of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s domestic subsidiaries and are secured by mortgages on certain fee and leasehold properties and security interests in substantially all of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s and the guarantors’ personal property, including, without limitation, pledges of all of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s capital stock, all of the capital stock of certain of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the voting stock of certain of its foreign subsidiaries.

The Credit Agreement contains usual and customary negative covenants for agreements of this type, including, but not limited to, restrictions on Cinemark USA, Inc.’s ability, and in certain instances, its subsidiaries’ and our ability, to consolidate or merge or liquidate, wind up or dissolve; substantially change the nature of its business; sell, transfer or dispose of assets; create or incur indebtedness; create liens; pay dividends or repurchase stock; and make capital expenditures and investments. If Cinemark USA, Inc. has borrowings outstanding on the revolving credit line, it is required to satisfy a consolidated net senior secured leverage ratio covenant as defined in the Credit Agreement, not to exceed 5.0 to 1.  As of December 31, 2018, Cinemark USA, Inc.’s actual ratio was 2.9 to 1.

The dividend restriction contained in the Credit Agreement prevents the Company and any of its subsidiaries from paying a dividend or otherwise distributing cash to its stockholders unless (1) the Company is not in default, and the distribution would not cause Cinemark USA, Inc. to be in default, under the Credit Agreement; and (2) the aggregate amount of certain dividends, distributions, investments, redemptions and capital expenditures made since December 18, 2012, including dividends declared by the board of directors, is less than the sum of (a) the aggregate amount of cash and cash equivalents received by Cinemark Holdings, Inc. or Cinemark USA, Inc. as common equity since December 18, 2012, (b) Cinemark USA, Inc.’s consolidated EBITDA minus 1.75 times its consolidated interest expense, each as defined in the Credit Agreement, and (c) certain other defined amounts. As of December 31, 2018, Cinemark USA, Inc. could have distributed up to approximately $2,918.1 million to its parent company and sole stockholder, Cinemark Holdings, Inc.

We have three interest rate swap agreements that are used to hedge a portion of the interest rate risk associated with the variable interest rates on the term loan outstanding under the Credit Agreement. See Note 11 of our consolidation financial statements for discussion of interest rate swaps.  See also discussion of interest rate risk at Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.  

4.875% Senior Notes

On May 24, 2013, Cinemark USA, Inc. issued $530.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.875% senior notes due 2023, at par value, (the “4.875% Senior Notes”). Interest on the 4.875% Senior Notes is payable on June 1 and December 1 of each year. The 4.875% Senior Notes mature on June 1, 2023.

On March 21, 2016, Cinemark USA, Inc. issued an additional $225.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.875% Senior Notes, at 99.0% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest from December 1, 2015.  Proceeds, after payment of fees, were used to finance the redemption of Cinemark, USA, Inc.’s previously outstanding $200.0 million 7.375% senior subordinated notes due 2021 (the “7.375% Senior Subordinated Notes”), as discussed below. These additional notes have identical terms, other than the issue date, the issue price and the first interest payment date, and constitute part of the same series as Cinemark USA, Inc.’s existing 4.875% Senior Notes.  The aggregate principal amount of $755.0 million of 4.875% Senior Notes mature on June 1, 2023.  The Company incurred debt issue costs of approximately $3.7 million in connection with the issuance of the additional notes, which, along with the discount of $2.3 million, are reflected as a reduction of long term debt, net of accumulated amortization, on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018.

The 4.875% Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several senior unsecured basis by certain of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s subsidiaries that guarantee, assume or become liable with respect to any of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s or a guarantor’s debt. The 4.875% Senior Notes and the guarantees are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s and its guarantor’s existing and future senior unsecured debt and senior in right of payment to all of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s and its guarantor’s existing and future senior subordinated debt. The 4.875% Senior Notes and the guarantees are effectively subordinated to all of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s and its guarantor’s existing and future secured debt to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt, including all borrowings under Cinemark USA, Inc.’s Credit Agreement. The 4.875% Senior Notes and the guarantees are structurally subordinated to all existing and future debt and other liabilities of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 4.875% Senior Notes.

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The indenture to the 4.875% Senior Notes contains covenants that limit, among other things, the ability of Cinemark USA, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries to (1) make investments or other restricted payments, including paying dividends, making other distributions or repurchasing subordinated debt or equity, (2) incur additional indebtedness and issue preferred stock, (3) enter into transactions with affiliates, (4) enter new lines of business, (5) merge or consolidate with, or sell all or substantially all of its assets to, another person and (6) create liens. As of December 31, 2018, Cinemark USA, Inc. could have distributed up to approximately $2,980.6 million to its parent company and sole stockholder, Cinemark Holdings, Inc., under the terms of the indenture to the 4.875% Senior Notes, subject to its available cash and other borrowing restrictions outlined in the indenture. Upon a change of control, as defined in the indenture governing the 4.875% Senior Notes, Cinemark USA, Inc. would be required to make an offer to repurchase the 4.875% Senior Notes at a price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount outstanding plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, through the date of repurchase. The indenture governing the 4.875% Senior Notes allows Cinemark USA, Inc. to incur additional indebtedness if it satisfies the coverage ratio specified in the indenture, after giving effect to the incurrence of the additional indebtedness, and in certain other circumstances. The required minimum coverage ratio is 2 to 1 and our actual ratio as of December 31, 2018 was approximately 6.3 to 1.

Cinemark USA, Inc. may redeem the 4.875% Senior Notes in whole or in part at redemption prices specified in the indenture.

5.125% Senior Notes

On December 18, 2012, Cinemark USA, Inc. issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.125% senior notes due 2022, at par value (the “5.125% Senior Notes”). Interest on the 5.125% Senior Notes is payable on June 15 and December 15 of each year. The 5.125% Senior Notes mature on December 15, 2022.

The 5.125% Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several senior unsecured basis by certain of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s subsidiaries that guarantee, assume or become liable with respect to any of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s or a guarantor’s debt. The 5.125% Senior Notes and the guarantees are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s and its guarantor’s existing and future senior unsecured debt and senior in right of payment to all of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s and its guarantor’s existing and future subordinated debt. The 5.125% Senior Notes and the guarantees are effectively subordinated to all of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s and its guarantor’s existing and future secured debt to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt, including all borrowings under Cinemark USA, Inc.’s Credit Agreement. The 5.125% Senior Notes and the guarantees are structurally subordinated to all existing and future debt and other liabilities of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 5.125% Senior Notes.

The indenture to the 5.125% Senior Notes contains covenants that limit, among other things, the ability of Cinemark USA, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries to (1) make investments or other restricted payments, including paying dividends, making other distributions or repurchasing subordinated debt or equity, (2) incur additional indebtedness and issue preferred stock, (3) enter into transactions with affiliates, (4) enter new lines of business, (5) merge or consolidate with, or sell all or substantially all of its assets to, another person and (6) create liens. As of December 31, 2018, Cinemark USA, Inc. could have distributed up to approximately $2,985.8 million to its parent company and sole stockholder, Cinemark Holdings, Inc., under the terms of the indenture to the 5.125% Senior Notes, subject to its available cash and other borrowing restrictions outlined in the indenture. Upon a change of control, as defined in the indenture governing the 5.125% Senior Notes, Cinemark USA, Inc. would be required to make an offer to repurchase the 5.125% Senior Notes at a price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount outstanding plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, through the date of repurchase. The indenture governing the 5.125% Senior Notes allows Cinemark USA, Inc. to incur additional indebtedness if it satisfies the coverage ratio specified in the indenture, after giving effect to the incurrence of the additional indebtedness, and in certain other circumstances. The required minimum coverage ratio is 2 to 1 and our actual ratio as of December 31, 2018 was approximately 6.3 to 1.

As of December 31, 2018, we believe we were in full compliance with all agreements, including all related covenants, governing our outstanding debt.

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Ratings

We are rated by nationally recognized rating agencies. The rating scales and methodologies used to derive individual ratings may vary from agency to agency. Credit ratings are issued by credit rating agencies based on evaluations of our ability to pay back our outstanding debt and the likelihood that we would default on that debt prior to its maturity.  The credit ratings issued by the credit rating agencies represent the credit rating agency's evaluation of both qualitative and quantitative information for our company. The credit ratings that are issued are based on the credit rating agency’s judgment and experience in determining what information should be considered in giving a rating to a particular company. Ratings are always subject to change and there can be no assurance that our current ratings will continue for any given period of time. A downgrade of our debt ratings, depending on the extent, could increase the cost to borrow funds.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements and their impact on our financial statements.

Seasonality

Our revenues have historically been seasonal, coinciding with the timing of releases of motion pictures by the major distributors. Generally, the most successful motion pictures have been released during summer months in the U.S., extending from May to July, and during the holiday season, extending from November through year-end. The timing of releases, however, has become less pronounced as distributors have begun releasing content more evenly throughout the year.  In our Latin American markets, while Hollywood content has similar release dates as in the U.S., the local holidays and seasons can vary. The unexpected emergence of a hit film during other periods can alter this seasonality trend. The timing and quality of such film releases can have a significant effect on our results of operations, and the results of one quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for the next quarter or for the same period in the following year.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We have exposure to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.

Interest Rate Risk

We are currently party to variable rate debt facilities. An increase or decrease in interest rates would affect our interest expense relating to our variable rate debt facilities. At December 31, 2018, there was an aggregate of approximately $202.9 million of variable rate debt outstanding under these facilities, after giving effect to the interest rate swap agreements discussed below. Based on the interest rates in effect on the variable rate debt outstanding at December 31, 2018, a 100 basis point increase in market interest rates would increase our annual interest expense by approximately $2.0 million.

The table below provides information about our fixed rate and variable rate long-term debt agreements as of December 31, 2018:

 

 

Interest Rate Swap Agreements

 

All of our current interest rate swap agreements qualify for cash flow hedge accounting.  The fair values of the interest rate swaps are recorded on our consolidated balance sheet as an asset or liability with the related gains or losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.  See Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the interest rate swap agreements.

 

Below is a summary of our interest rate swap agreements as of December 31, 2018:

 

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We are also exposed to market risk arising from changes in foreign currency exchange rates as a result of our international operations. Generally, we export from the U.S. certain of the equipment and interior finish items and other operating supplies used by our international subsidiaries. A majority of the revenues and operating expenses of our international subsidiaries are transacted in the country’s local currency. U.S. GAAP requires that our subsidiaries use the currency of the primary economic environment in which they operate as their functional currency. If our subsidiaries operate in a highly inflationary economy, U.S. GAAP requires that the U.S. dollar be used as the functional currency for the subsidiary, which could impact future results of operations as reported. Currency fluctuations in the countries in which we operate result in us reporting exchange gains (losses) or foreign currency translation adjustments. Based upon our equity ownership in our international subsidiaries as of December 31, 2018, holding everything else constant, a 10% immediate, simultaneous, unfavorable change in all of the foreign currency exchange rates to which we are exposed, would decrease the aggregate net book value of our investments in our international subsidiaries by approximately $46.0 million and would decrease the aggregate net income of our international subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2018 by $5.9 million, respectively.

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We deemed Argentina to be highly inflationary beginning July 1, 2018.  A highly inflationary economy is defined as an economy with a cumulative inflation rate of approximately 100 percent or more over a three-year period. If a country’s economy is classified as highly inflationary, the financial statements of the foreign entity operating in that country must be remeasured to the functional currency of the reporting entity.  The financial statements of the Company’s Argentina subsidiaries has been remeasured in U.S. dollars in accordance with ASC Topic 830, Foreign Currency Matters, effective beginning July 1, 2018.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The financial statements and supplementary data are listed on the Index on page F-1 of this Form 10-K. Such financial statements and supplementary data are included herein beginning on page F-3.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of December 31, 2018, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we carried out an evaluation required by the Exchange Act of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and were effective to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control framework and processes are designed to provide reasonable assurance to management and the board of directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. Management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 based on criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or COSO, in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013). As a result of this assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.

Certifications of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, which are required in accordance with Rule 13a-14 of the Exchange Act, are attached as exhibits to this Annual Report. This "Controls and Procedures" section includes the information concerning the controls evaluation referred to in the certifications, and it should be read in conjunction with the certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.

46

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The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, which has direct access to the Company’s board of directors through its Audit Committee, have audited the consolidated financial statements prepared by the Company. Their report on the consolidated financial statements is included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. Deloitte & Touche LLP has issued an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Controls

Management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors or fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

 

47

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Cinemark Holdings, Inc.

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Cinemark Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, of the Company and our report dated February 28, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and financial statement schedule.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying management’s report on internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

 

48

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PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Incorporated by reference to the Company’s proxy statement for its annual stockholders meeting (under the headings “Election of Directors”, “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance”, “Corporate Governance” and “Executive Officers”) to be held on May 23, 2019 and to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2018.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

Incorporated by reference to the Company’s proxy statement for its annual stockholders meeting (under the heading “Executive Compensation”) to be held on May 23, 2019 and to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2018.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Incorporated by reference to the Company’s proxy statement for its annual stockholders meeting (under the headings “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management”) to be held on May 23, 2019 and to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2018.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Incorporated by reference to the Company’s proxy statement for its annual stockholders meeting (under the heading “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” and “Corporate Governance”) to be held on May 23, 2019 and to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2018.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Incorporated by reference to the Company’s proxy statement for its annual stockholders meeting (under the heading “Board Committees – Audit Committee – Fees Paid to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm”) to be held on May 23, 2019 and to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2018.

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a) Documents Filed as Part of this Report

(b) Exhibits

See the accompanying Index beginning on page 50.

(c) Financial Statement Schedules

Schedule I – Condensed Financial Information of Registrant beginning on page S-1.

All Schedules not identified above have been omitted because they are not required, are not applicable or the information is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes contained in this report.

49

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EXHIBIT INDEX

 

50

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51

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52

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53

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54

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55

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56

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57

---

 

 

 

58

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Each person whose signature appears below hereby severally constitutes and appoints Mark Zoradi and Sean Gamble his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, each with the power of substitution and resubstitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with accompanying exhibits and other related documents, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and ratify and confirm all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue of said appointment.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

 

 

59

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SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED WITH REPORTS FILED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 15(d) OF THE ACT BY REGISTRANTS WHICH HAVE NOT REGISTERED

SECURITIES PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE ACT.

No annual report or proxy material has been sent to our stockholders. An annual report and proxy material may be sent to our stockholders subsequent to the filing of this Form 10-K. We shall furnish to the SEC copies of any annual report or proxy material that is sent to our stockholders.

 

60

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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

 

 

 

F-1

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Cinemark Holdings, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cinemark Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 28, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Dallas, Texas  

February 28, 2019  

 

We have served as the Company's auditor since 1988.

 

 

F-2

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PART IV - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 15.  Financial Statement

CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-3

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2017 AND 2018

(in thousands, except per share data)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-4

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2017 AND 2018

(In thousands)

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-5

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2017 AND 2018

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-6

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2017 AND 2018

(In thousands)

 

 

Supplemental information (see Note 16)

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-7

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Business — Cinemark Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) operates in the motion picture exhibition industry, with theatres in the United States (“U.S.”), Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Guatemala, Bolivia, Curaçao and Paraguay.

Principles of Consolidation — The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cinemark Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Majority-owned subsidiaries that the Company has control of are consolidated while those affiliates of which the Company owns between 20% and 50% and does not control are accounted for under the equity method. Those affiliates of which the Company owns less than 20% are generally accounted for under the cost method, unless the Company is deemed to have the ability to exercise significant influence over the affiliate, in which case the Company would account for its investment under the equity method. The results of these equity method investees are included in the consolidated financial statements effective with their formation or from their dates of acquisition. Intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents — Cash and cash equivalents consist of operating funds held in financial institutions, petty cash held by the theatres and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Cash investments are primarily in money market funds, certificates of deposit or other similar funds.

Accounts Receivable – Accounts receivable, which are recorded at net realizable value, consist primarily of receivables related to screen advertising, receivables related to discounted tickets and gift cards sold third party to retail locations, receivables from landlords related to theatre construction and remodels, rebates earned from the Company’s concession vendors and value-added and other non-income tax receivables.

Inventories — Concession and theatre supplies inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market.

Theatre Properties and Equipment — Theatre properties and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

 

 

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment indicators on a quarterly basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. The Company also performs a full quantitative impairment evaluation on an annual basis. The Company considers actual theatre level cash flows, budgeted theatre level cash flows, theatre property and equipment carrying values, amortizing intangible asset carrying values, the age of a recently built theatre, competitive theatres in the marketplace, the impact of recent ticket price changes, the impact of recent theatre remodels or other substantial improvements, available lease renewal options and other factors considered relevant in its impairment assessment. Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment on a theatre basis, which the Company believes is the lowest applicable level for which there are identifiable cash flows. The impairment evaluation is based on the estimated undiscounted cash flows from continuing

F-8

 

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

use through the remainder of the theatre’s useful life. The remainder of the theatre’s useful life correlates with the remaining lease period, which includes the probability of the exercise of available renewal periods or extensions, for leased properties and the lesser of twenty years or the building’s remaining useful life for owned properties. If the estimated undiscounted cash flows are not sufficient to recover a long-lived asset’s carrying value, the Company then compares the carrying value of the asset group (theatre) with its estimated fair value. When the estimated fair value is determined to be lower than the carrying value of the asset group, the asset group is written down to its estimated fair value. Significant judgment is involved in estimating cash flows and fair value. Management’s estimates, which fall under Level 3 of the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy as defined by Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820-10-35, are based on historical and projected operating performance, recent market transactions and current industry trading multiples. Fair value is determined based on a multiple of cash flows, which was six and a half times for the evaluations performed during 2016, 2017 and 2018. The long-lived asset impairment charges recorded during each of the periods presented are specific to theatres that were directly and individually impacted by increased competition, adverse changes in market demographics, or adverse changes in the development or the conditions of the areas surrounding the theatre. See Note 9 for further discussion.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets — The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the goodwill may not be fully recoverable.  The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level and we have allocated goodwill to the reporting unit based on an estimate of its relative fair value. Management considers the reporting unit to be each of its twenty regions in the U.S. and seven of its international countries with Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Guatemala considered one reporting unit (the Company does not have goodwill recorded for all of its international locations). Under ASC Topic 350, Goodwill, Intangibles and Other (“ASC Topic 350”), the Company may perform a qualitative impairment assessment or a quantitative impairment assessment of our goodwill.  

A quantitative analysis requires the Company to estimate the fair value of each reporting unit and compare it with its carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, goodwill would be written down such that the carrying value would equal estimated fair value. Fair value is determined based on a multiple of cash flows, which was eight times for the evaluations performed during 2017 and 2018.  Significant judgment is involved in estimating cash flows and fair value. Management’s estimates, which fall under Level 3 of the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy as defined by FASB ASC Topic 820-10-35, are based on historical and projected operating performance, recent market transactions and current industry trading multiples. Fair value is determined based on a multiple of cash flows, which was eight times for the evaluations performed during 2017 and 2018.  A qualitative assessment includes consideration of historical and expected future industry performance, estimated future performance of the Company, current industry trading multiples and other economic factors, and a review of current carrying values to estimated fair values as determined during our most recent quantitative assessment.  

We performed a qualitative assessment for all reporting units for the year ended December 31, 2016.  We performed a quantitative goodwill impairment analysis for all reporting units during the year ended December 31, 2017.  For the year ended December 31, 2018, we performed a quantitative goodwill assessment for three new domestic reporting units and a qualitative assessment for all other reporting units.  We did not record any goodwill impairment charges as a result of the assessments performed during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018.

Tradename intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually during the fourth quarter or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be fully recoverable. Under ASC Topic 350, the Company can elect to perform a qualitative or quantitative impairment assessment for our tradename intangible assets.  A quantitative tradename impairment assessment includes comparing the carrying values of tradename assets to an estimated fair value. Fair values are estimated by applying an estimated market royalty rate that could be charged for the use of our tradename to forecasted future revenues, with an adjustment for the present value of such royalties. If the estimated fair value is less than the carrying value, the tradename intangible asset is written down to its estimated fair value. Significant judgment is involved in estimating market royalty rates and long-term revenue forecasts. Management’s estimates, which fall under Level 3 of the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy as defined by FASB ASC Topic 820-10-35, are based on historical and projected revenue performance and industry trends.  A qualitative assessment considers our historical and forecasted revenues and changes in estimated royalty rates, and a comparison of current carrying values to estimated fair values from our most recent quantitative assessment.

F-9

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company performed a quantitative tradename impairment assessment for our tradename in Ecuador and performed a qualitative tradename impairment analysis for all other tradename intangible assets.  During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company performed a quantitative tradename impairment evaluations for all of its tradename assets.  During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Compay performed a qualitative tradename impairment analysis for all of its tradename assets.  As a result of the analysis performed during each year, no impairment charges were recorded related to tradename intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018.  

The table below summarizes the Company’s intangible assets and the amortization method used for each type of intangible asset:

 

 

Deferred Charges and Other Assets — Deferred charges and other assets consist of long-term prepaid rents, construction and other deposits, equipment to be placed in service, and other assets of a long-term nature. Long-term prepaid rents represent prepayments of rent on operating leases, which are recognized as facility lease expense over the period for which the rent was paid in advance as outlined in the lease agreements. The remaining amortization periods generally range from one to seventeen years.  See Note 2 for discussion of the expected impact of new lease accounting pronouncements.

Lease Accounting — The Company evaluates each lease for classification as either a capital lease or an operating lease. The Company records the lease as a capital lease at its inception if 1) the present value of future minimum lease payments exceeds 90% of the leased property’s estimated fair value; 2) the lease term exceeds 75% of the property’s estimated useful life; 3) the lease contains a bargain purchase option; or 4) ownership transfers to the Company at the end of the lease. The Company performs this evaluation at the inception of the lease and when a modification is made to a lease. If the lease agreement calls for a scheduled rent increase during the lease term, the Company recognizes the lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company determines the straight-line rent expense impact of an operating lease upon inception of the lease. For some newly built theatres, the landlord is responsible for constructing the theatre using guidelines and specifications agreed to by the Company and assumes substantially all of the risks of construction. For other theatres, the Company is responsible for managing construction of the theatre and the landlord contributes an agreed upon amount toward the costs of construction.  If the Company concludes that it has substantially all of the construction period risks, it considers itself the owner of the property during the construction period. At the end of the construction period, the Company determines if the transaction qualifies for sale-leaseback accounting treatment in regards to lease classification.  If the Company receives a lease incentive payment from a landlord, the Company records the proceeds as a deferred lease incentive liability and amortizes the liability as a reduction in rent expense over the initial term of the lease if a new theatre, or over the remaining lease term if an existing theatre.  See Note 2 for discussion of the expected impact of new lease accounting pronouncements.

Deferred Revenues — Advances collected on long-term screen advertising, concession and other contracts are recorded as deferred revenues. In accordance with the terms of the agreements, the advances collected on such contracts are recognized during the period in which the advances are earned, which may differ from the period in which the advances are collected. These advances are recognized on either a straight-line basis over the term of the

F-10

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

contracts or as such revenues are earned in accordance with the terms of the contracts.  In addition, the Company records deferred revenues for sales of gift cards and discounted ticket vouchers, as well as for proceeds received from its monthly subscription program, annual membership fees for certain of its loyalty programs and for points issued to customers under other loyalty programs.  See Note 3 for further discussion of revenue recognition and Note 6 for discussion of deferred revenue – NCM.

Self-Insurance Reserves — In the U.S., the Company is self-insured for general liability claims subject to an annual cap. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, general liability claims were capped at $100, $250 and $250, respectively, per occurrence with aggregate annual caps of approximately $3,350, $3,900 and $4,750, respectively. For its international locations, the Company is fully insured for general liability claims with little or no deductibles per occurrence.  In the U.S., the Company was fully insured for workers compensation claims during the year ended December 31, 2016.  During 2017, the Company implemented a fully-funded deductible workers compensation insurance plan under which the Company is responsible for pre-funding claims and is responsible for claims up to $250 per occurrence, with an annual cap of $5,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018.  The Company was also self-insured for domestic medical claims up to $150, $250 and $250 per occurrence for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018, the Company’s insurance reserves were $8,252 and $10,827, respectively, and are reflected in accrued other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Revenue and Expense Recognition — See Note 3 for discussion of revenue recognition.  

Film rental costs are accrued based on the applicable box office receipts and either firm terms or a sliding scale formula, which are generally established prior to the opening of the film, or estimates of the final settlement rate, which occurs at the conclusion of the film run, subject to the film licensing arrangement. Under a firm terms formula, the Company pays the distributor a percentage of box office receipts, which reflects either an aggregate rate for the life of the film or rates that decline over the term of the run. Under a sliding scale formula, film rental is paid as a percentage of box office revenues using a pre-determined matrix based upon box office performance of the film. The settlement process allows for negotiation of film rental fees upon the conclusion of the film run based upon how the film performs. Estimates are based on the expected success of a film. The success of a film can typically be determined a few weeks after a film is released when initial box office performance of the film is known. Accordingly, final settlements typically approximate estimates since box office receipts are known at the time the estimate is made and the expected success of a film can typically be estimated early in the film’s run. If actual settlements are different than those estimates, film rental costs are adjusted at the time of settlement.

Loyalty Programs – The Company launched its domestic app-based loyalty program, Connections, in February 2016. Customers earn points for various transactions as tracked within the app. Points may be redeemed for movie tickets, concessions items, concession discounts and experiential rewards, each of which are offered for limited periods of time and at varying times during the year. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, the Company applied the incremental cost approach to accounting for the rewards earned, as it determined that the values of the rewards offered to the customer are insignificant to the original transactions required to earn such rewards. The Company also has loyalty programs in certain of its international markets, which generally consist of the customer paying a membership fee in exchange for discounts during the membership period.  Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 and now accounts for its points-based loyalty programs by deferring a portion of the revenue associated with the transaction that earned such points.  See Note 3 for discussion of revenue recognition as it relates to the Company’s loyalty programs.  

Accounting for Share Based Awards — The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an equity award based on the fair value of the award on the date of the grant. The grant date fair value is estimated using a market observed price. Such costs are recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award (which is usually the vesting period). At the time of the grant, the Company also estimates the number of awards that will ultimately be forfeited. See Note 15 for discussion of the Company’s share based awards and related compensation expense.

F-11

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Income Taxes — The Company uses an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income taxes are provided when tax laws and financial accounting standards differ with respect to the amount of income for a year and the basis of assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amount of deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not that such assets will be realized. Income taxes are provided on unremitted earnings from foreign subsidiaries unless such earnings are expected to be indefinitely reinvested. Income taxes have also been provided for potential tax assessments. The evaluation of an uncertain tax position is a two-step process. The first step is recognition: The Company determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company should presume that the position would be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that would have full knowledge of all relevant information. The second step is measurement: A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Differences between tax positions taken in a tax return and amounts recognized in the financial statements result in (1) a change in a liability for income taxes payable or (2) a change in an income tax refund receivable,  a deferred tax asset or a deferred tax liability or both (1) and (2). The Company accrues interest and penalties on its uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense.

Segments — For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Company managed its business under two reportable operating segments, U.S. markets and international markets. See Note 19.

Use of Estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. The Company’s consolidated financial statements include amounts that are based on management’s best estimates and judgments. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Foreign Currency Translations — The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at current exchange rates as of the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at average monthly exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets in accumulated other comprehensive loss. See Note 13 for a summary of the translation adjustments recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018. The Company recognizes foreign currency transaction gains and losses when changes in exchange rates impact transactions, other than intercompany transactions of a long-term investment nature, that have been denominated in a currency other than the functional currency.

Fair Value Measurements — According to authoritative guidance, inputs used in fair value measurements fall into three different categories; Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. See Note 12 for a discussion of our fair value measurements for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Acquisitions — The Company accounts for acquisitions under the acquisition method of accounting. The acquisition method requires that the acquired assets and liabilities, including contingencies, be recorded at fair value determined on the acquisition date and changes thereafter reflected in income. For certain acquisitions, the Company obtains independent third party valuation studies for certain of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed to assist the Company in determining fair value. The estimation of the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed involves a number of estimates and assumptions that could differ materially from the actual amounts realized. The Company provides assumptions, including both quantitative and qualitative information, about the specified asset or liability to the third party valuation firms. The Company primarily utilizes the third parties to accumulate comparative data from multiple sources and assemble a report that summarizes the information obtained.  The Company then uses the information to record estimated fair value. The third party valuation firms are supervised by Company personnel who are knowledgeable about valuations and fair value. The Company evaluates the appropriateness of the assumptions and valuation methodologies utilized by the third party valuation firm.

F-12

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Impact of New Revenue Recognition Standard

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), (“ASC Topic 606”), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers.  ASC Topic 606 replaces most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.  In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the contracts with customers.  The Company adopted ASC Topic 606 effective January 1, 2018.  See Note 3 for further discussion.  

Impact of New Lease Accounting Standard

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), (“ASC Topic 842”). The purpose of ASU 2016-02 is to provide financial statement users a better understanding of the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The adoption of ASC Topic 842 will result in the recognition of a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for most operating leases.  New disclosure requirements include qualitative and quantitative information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements related to leases. ASC Topic 842 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. ASC Topic 842 requires a modified retrospective transition by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the earliest period presented with the option to elect certain practical expedients. ASC Topic 842 provides an additional transition method in which an entity initially applies ASC Topic 842 at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption.  This additional transition method changes only when an entity is required to initially apply the transition requirements outlined in ASC Topic 842; it does not change how those requirements are applied.  The Company used this transition method upon adoption.  

The Company adopted ASC Topic 842 effective January 1, 2019.  The Company is finalizing its evaluation of the impact of ASC Topic 842 on its consolidated financial statements, and expects the most significant impacts to be as follows:

F-13

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Other Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments – a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force, (“ASU 2016-15”). The purpose of ASU 2016-15 is to reduce the diversity in practice regarding how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that year. A retrospective transition method should be used in the application of the amendments within ASU 2016-15. Early adoption is permitted.  The Company adopted ASU 2016-15 in the first quarter of 2018.  Upon adoption, the Company reclassified $11,076 and $521 of cash payments recorded in loss on debt amendments and refinancing from operating activities to financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively.  The amendments in ASU 2016-15 did not have any other material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Modification Accounting, (“ASU 2017-09”). The amendments in ASU 2017-09 provide guidance on which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting as described in ASC Topic 718. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. ASU 2017-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that year. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09 during the first quarter of 2018.  The amendments in ASU 2017-09 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, (“ASU 2017-12”). The amendments in ASU 2017-12 improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better reflect the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. Additionally, the amendments in ASU 2017-12 simplify certain steps of applying hedge accounting guidance. ASU 2017-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that year. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2017-12 effective January 1, 2018 and applied the related guidance when evaluating three new interest rate swap agreements entered into during 2018, which were designated as cash flow hedges by the Company (see Note 11).

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, (“ASU 2018-13”).  The purpose of ASU 2018-13 is to improve the disclosures related to fair value measurements in the financial statements.  The improvements in ASU include the removal, modification and addition of certain disclosure requirements primarily related to Level 3 fair value measurements.  ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that year.  The amendments in ASU 2018-13 should be applied prospectively.  The Company does not expect ASU 2018-13 to have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.

U.S. Tax Reform

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act"). The Tax Act made changes to the U.S. tax code, which included (1) reduced U.S. corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent, (2) generally eliminated U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries,  (3) a one-time transition tax on certain undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries, and (4) created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings.  As of December 31, 2018, the amounts recorded for the Tax Act are final for the 2017 transition tax, the re-measurement of deferred taxes, and our reassessment of valuation allowances.  See further discussion at Note 17.

F-14

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Revenue Recognition Policy

The Company’s patrons have the option to purchase movie tickets well in advance of a movie showtime or right before the movie showtime, or at any point in between those two timeframes depending on seat availability.  The Company recognizes such admissions revenues when the showtime for a purchased movie ticket has passed.  Concession revenues are recognized when sales are made at the registers.  Other revenues primarily consist of screen advertising and transactional fees. Screen advertising revenues are recognized over the period that the related advertising is delivered on-screen or in-theatre.  The Company sells gift cards and discount ticket vouchers, the proceeds from which are recorded as current liabilities.  Revenues for gift cards and discount ticket vouchers are recognized when they are redeemed for movie tickets or concession items.  The Company offers a subscription program in the U.S. whereby patrons can pay a monthly fee to receive a monthly credit for use towards a future movie ticket purchase.  The Company records the monthly subscription program fees as current liabilities and records admissions revenues as the credits are redeemed for movie tickets.  The Company also has loyalty programs in many of its locations that either have a prepaid annual membership fee or award points to customers as purchases are made.  For those loyalty programs that have an annual membership fee, the Company recognizes the fee collected as other revenues over the term of the membership.  For those loyalty programs that award points to customers based on their purchases, the Company records a portion of the original transaction proceeds as liabilities based on the number of reward points issued to customers and recognizes revenues when the customer redeems such points.  Screen advertising revenues are generally recognized over the period that the related advertising is delivered on-screen or in-theatre. Advances collected on long-term screen advertising, concession and other contracts are recorded as deferred revenues. In accordance with the terms of the agreements, the advances collected on such contracts are recognized during the period in which the Company satisfies the related performance obligations, which may differ from the period in which the advances are collected. These advances are recognized on either a straight-line basis over the term of the contracts or as the Company has met its performance obligations in accordance with the terms of the contracts.

See additional revenue recognition policy considerations, updated for the adoption of ASC Topic 606, below.  

Adoption of ASC Topic 606

The Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, effective January 1, 2018 under the modified retrospective method (cumulative-effect) and therefore, revenue amounts as presented on the consolidated statements of income have not been adjusted for prior periods presented. The Company applied the guidance in ASC 606 only to contracts that had not been completed as of January 1, 2018.

Changes to the way in which the Company recognizes revenue resulted in the following impacts to the consolidated statements of income:

F-15

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

 

The significant changes discussed above had the following impact on the Company’s statements of income and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018:

 

 

The impact of adoption of ASC 606 on the Company’s balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 was as follows:

 

 

 

The Company applied the practical expedient to exclude sales and other similar taxes collected from customers from its transaction price for purposes of recording revenues.  As such, revenues are presented net of such taxes.

 

 

F-16

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018, disaggregated based on major type of good or service and by reportable operating segment.

The following table presents revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018, disaggregated based on timing of revenue recognition (as discussed above).

Deferred Revenues

The following table presents changes in the Company’s deferred revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018.  

F-17

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

The table below summarizes the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied as of December 31, 2018 and when the Company expects to recognize this revenue.

 

Accounts receivable as of December 31, 2018 included approximately $48,117 of receivables related to contracts with customers.  The Company did not record any assets related to the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with customers during the year ended December 31, 2018.

Significant Financing Component

As discussed further in Note 6, in connection with the completion of the NCM, Inc. (“NCMI”) initial public offering, the Company amended and restated its ESA with NCM and received approximately $174,000 in cash consideration from NCM.  The proceeds were recorded as deferred revenue and are being amortized over the term of the modified ESA, or through February 2037.  In addition to the consideration received upon the ESA modification during 2007, the Company also receives consideration in the form of common units from NCM, at each annual common unit adjustment settlement, in exchange for exclusive access to the Company’s newly opened domestic screens under the ESA.  See Note 6 for additional information regarding the common unit adjustment and related accounting.   Due to the significant length of time between receiving the consideration from NCM and fulfillment of the related performance obligation, the ESA includes an implied significant financing component, as per the guidance in ASC Topic 606.  

As a result of the significant financing component on deferred revenue - NCM, the Company recognized incremental screen advertising revenue and an offsetting interest expense of $19,724 during the year ended December 31, 2018. The interest expense was calculated using the Company’s incremental borrowing rates at the time when the cash and each tranche of common units were received from NCM, which ranged from 5.5% to 8.0%.

The Company considers its unvested share based payment awards, which contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends, participating securities, and includes such participating securities in its computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. Basic earnings per share for the two classes of stock (common stock and unvested restricted stock) is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and unvested restricted stock outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using the weighted average number of shares of common stock plus the potentially dilutive effect of common equivalent shares outstanding determined under both the two class method and the treasury stock method.

Effective January 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09 on a prospective basis. In accordance with the amendments in ASU 2016-09, the Company’s diluted earnings per share calculation for the year ended December 31, 2017 excludes the estimated income tax benefits and deficiencies in the application of the treasury stock method. Excess income tax benefits or deficiencies related to share based awards are recognized as discrete items in the income statement during the period in which they occur. See Note 15 for a discussion of share based awards and related income tax benefits recognized during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018.

F-18

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

The following table presents computations of basic and diluted earnings per share under the two class method:

 

 

Below is a summary of dividends declared for the fiscal periods indicated.

 

 

F-19

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

The Company has an investment in National CineMedia, LLC (“NCM”).  NCM operates a digital in-theatre network in the U.S. for providing cinema advertising and non-film events. Upon joining NCM, the Company entered into an Exhibitor Services Agreement (“ESA”) with NCM, pursuant to which NCM provides advertising, promotion and event services to our theatres. On February 13, 2007, National CineMedia, Inc. (“NCMI”), an entity that serves as the sole manager of NCM, completed an IPO of its common stock. In connection with the NCMI initial public offering, the Company amended its operating agreement and the ESA with NCMI. The ESA modification reflected a shift from circuit share expense under the prior ESA, which obligated NCM to pay the Company a percentage of revenue, to a monthly theatre access fee, which significantly reduced the contractual amounts paid to us by NCM. The Company recorded the proceeds related to the ESA modification as deferred revenue. In consideration for NCM’s exclusive access to the Company’s theatre attendees for on-screen advertising and use of off-screen areas within the Company’s theatres for lobby entertainment and lobby promotions, the Company receives a monthly theatre access fee under the modified ESA. The theatre access fee is composed of a fixed payment per patron, initially seven cents, and a fixed payment per digital screen, which may be adjusted for certain reasons outlined in the modified ESA. The payment per theatre patron increases by 8% every five years, with the first such increase taking effect after the end of fiscal 2011, and the payment per digital screen, initially eight hundred dollars per digital screen per year, increases annually by 5%. For 2016, 2017 and 2018, the annual payment per digital screen was one thousand two hundred forty-one dollars, one thousand three hundred three dollars and one thousand three hundred sixty-eight dollars, respectively. The theatre access fee paid in the aggregate to Regal Entertainment Group (“Regal”), AMC Entertainment, Inc. (“AMC”) and the Company will not be less than 12% of NCM’s Aggregate Advertising Revenue (as defined in the modified ESA), or it will be adjusted upward to reach this minimum payment. Additionally, with respect to any on-screen advertising time provided to the Company’s beverage concessionaire, the Company is required to purchase such time from NCM at a negotiated rate. The modified ESA expires in February 2037.

As a result of the application of a portion of the proceeds it received from the NCMI initial public offering, the Company had a negative basis in its original membership units in NCM, which is referred to herein as the Company’s  Tranche 1 Investment. Following the NCMI IPO, the Company does not recognize undistributed equity in the earnings on its Tranche 1 Investment until NCM's net earnings, less distributions received, surpass the amount of the excess distribution. The Company recognizes equity in earnings on its Tranche 1 Investment only to the extent it receives cash distributions from NCM. The Company recognizes cash distributions it receives from NCM on its Tranche 1 Investment as a component of earnings as Distributions from NCM. The Company believes that the accounting model provided by ASC 323-10-35-22 for recognition of equity investee losses in excess of an investor's basis is analogous to the accounting for equity income subsequent to recognizing an excess distribution.

Common Unit Adjustments

Pursuant to a Common Unit Adjustment Agreement dated as of February 13, 2007 between NCMI and the Company, AMC and Regal, whom we refer to collectively as the Founding Members, adjustments are made annually to the common membership units primarily based on increases or decreases in the number of theatre screens operated and theatre attendance generated by each Founding Member. To account for the receipt of additional common units under the Common Unit Adjustment Agreement, we follow the guidance in FASB ASC 323-10-35-29 (formerly EITF 02-18, “Accounting for Subsequent Investments in an Investee after Suspension of Equity Loss Recognition”) by analogy, which also refers to AICPA Technical Practice Aid 2220.14, which indicates that if a subsequent investment is made in an equity method investee that has experienced significant losses, the investor must determine if the subsequent investment constitutes funding of prior losses. The Company concluded that adding theatres to the Company’s domestic circuit, which has led to the common unit adjustments, equates to making additional investments in NCM. We evaluated the receipt of the additional common units in NCM and the assets exchanged for these additional units and have determined that the right to use our incremental new screens would not be considered funding of prior losses. We account for these additional common units, which we refer to herein as our Tranche 2 Investment, as a separate investment than our Tranche 1 Investment. Our Tranche 2 Investment is accounted for following the equity method, with undistributed equity earnings related to our Tranche 2 Investment included as equity in income of affiliates on the consolidated statements of income and distributions received related to our Tranche 2 Investment recorded as a reduction of the Company’s investment in NCM.

F-20

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Below is a summary of common units received by the Company under the Common Unit Adjustment (“CUA”) Agreement during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018:

 

Each common unit received by the Company is convertible into one share of NCMI common stock.  The fair value of the common units received was estimated based on the market price of NCMI stock at the time that the common units were received, adjusted for volatility associated with the estimated period of time it would take to convert the common units and register the respective NCMI shares.  The fair value measurement used for the common units falls under Level 2 of the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy as defined by ASC Topic 820-10-35. The Company records the additional common units it receives as part of its Tranche 2 Investment at estimated fair value with a corresponding adjustment to deferred revenue.  The deferred revenue is amortized over the remaining term of the ESA.

Acquisition of Common Units

On July 5, 2018, the Company acquired 10,738,740 common units of NCM from AMC for $78,393 in cash, or approximately $7.30 per common unit.  As a result of the acquisition of these shares, the Company’s ownership of NCM increased from approximately 18% to 25%.  The amount paid for the additional common units was recorded as an increase in the Company’s Tranche 2 investment in NCM.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company owned a total of 39,518,644 common units of NCM, which represented an interest of approximately 25%. The estimated fair value of the Company’s investment in NCM was approximately $256,081 based on NCMI’s stock price as of December 31, 2018 of $6.48 per share (Level 1 input as defined in FASB ASC Topic 820), which was less than the Company’s carrying value of $275,592. The Company does not believe that the decline in NCMI’s stock price is other than temporary and therefore, no impairment of the Company’s investment in NCM was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2018. The market value of NCMI’s stock price may continue to vary due to the performance of the business, industry trends, general and economic conditions and other factors.

F-21

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Summary of Activity with NCM

Below is a summary of activity with NCM included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the periods indicated. See Note 3 for discussion of impact of new revenue recognition accounting pronouncements.

 

The Company made payments to NCM of approximately $49, $102 and $74 during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively, related to certain equipment used for digital advertising, which is included in theatre furniture and equipment on the consolidated balance sheets.  

F-22

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

The tables below present summary financial information for NCM for the periods indicated:

 

 

 

Below is a summary of activity for each of the Company’s other investments for the periods indicated:

 

Digital Cinema Implementation Partners LLC (“DCIP”)

On February 12, 2007, the Company, AMC and Regal entered into a joint venture known as DCIP to facilitate the implementation of digital cinema in the Company’s theatres and to establish agreements with major motion picture studios for the financing of digital cinema. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had a 33% voting interest in DCIP and a 24.3% economic interest in DCIP. The Company accounts for its investment in DCIP and its subsidiaries under the equity method of accounting.

F-23

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Below is summary financial information for DCIP as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018:

 

 

 

The digital projection systems are being leased from Kasima LLC (“Kasima”), which is an indirect subsidiary of DCIP and a related party to the Company, under an operating lease with an initial term of twelve years that contains ten one-year fair value renewal options. The equipment lease agreement also contains a fair value purchase option. Under the equipment lease agreement, the Company pays annual rent of one thousand dollars per digital projection system. The Company may also be subject to various types of other rent if such digital projection systems do not meet minimum performance requirements as outlined in the agreements. Certain of the other rent payments are subject to either a monthly or an annual maximum. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had 3,837 digital projection systems being leased under the master equipment lease agreement with Kasima. The Company had the following transactions with DCIP during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018:

 

 

RealD, Inc. (“RealD”)

The Company licenses 3-D systems from RealD. Under its license agreement with RealD, the Company earned options to purchase shares of RealD common stock as it installed a certain number of 3-D systems as outlined in the license agreement.  During 2010 and 2011, the Company vested in a total of 1,222,780 RealD options. Upon vesting in these options, the Company recorded an investment in RealD and a deferred lease incentive liability using the estimated fair value of the RealD options at the time of vesting. During March 2011, the Company exercised all of its options to purchase shares of common stock in RealD for $0.00667 per share.

The Company owned 1,222,780 shares of RealD and accounted for its investment in RealD as a marketable security, specifically an available-for-sale security, in accordance with ASC Topic 320-10-35-1, therefore unrealized holding gains and losses were reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss until realized.

On March 22, 2016, an affiliate of Rizvi Traverse Management, LLC acquired RealD for $11.00 per share. As a result of the transaction, the Company sold its shares for approximately $13,451 and recognized a gain of $3,742, which included the recognition of a cumulative unrealized holding gain of $3,191 previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The gain is reflected within loss on disposal of assets and other on the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company used the proceeds to make a pre-payment on its term loan in accordance with the terms of its senior secured credit facility.

AC JV, LLC

During December 2013, the Company, Regal, AMC (the “AC Founding Members”) and NCM entered into a series of agreements that resulted in the formation of AC JV, LLC (“AC”), a joint venture that owns “Fathom Events”

F-24

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

(consisting of Fathom Events and Fathom Consumer Events) formerly operated by NCM.  The Fathom Events business focuses on the marketing and distribution of live and pre-recorded entertainment programming to various theatre operators to provide additional programs to augment their feature film schedule. The Company paid event fees to AC of $10,871, $13,950 and $12,481 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively, which are included in film rentals and advertising costs on the consolidated statements of income.  The Company accounts for its investment in AC under the equity method of accounting.

AC was formed by the AC Founding Members and NCM. NCM contributed the assets associated with its Fathom Events division to AC.  Each of the Founding Members contributed cash of approximately $268 and a six-year promissory note in the amount of $8,333 in exchange for 32% of Class A Units in AC.  Each of the Founding Members’ Promissory Notes bear interest at 5% per annum and require annual principal and interest payments. The remaining outstanding balance of the note payable from the Company to NCM as of December 31, 2018 was $1,389.

Digital Cinema Distribution Coalition

The Company is a party to a joint venture with certain exhibitors and distributors called Digital Cinema Distribution Coalition (“DCDC”).  DCDC operates a satellite distribution network that distributes all digital content to U.S. theatres via satellite. The Company has an approximate 14.6% ownership in DCDC. The Company paid approximately $939, $848 and $927 to DCDC during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively, related to content delivery services, which is included in film rentals and advertising costs on the consolidated statements of income.  The Company accounts for its investment in DCDC under the equity method of accounting.

FE Concepts, LLC

During April 2018, the Company, through its wholly-owned indirect subsidiary CNMK Texas Properties, LLC (“CNMK”), formed a joint venture, FE Concepts, LLC (“FE Concepts”) with AWSR Investments, LLC (“AWSR”), an entity owned by Lee Roy Mitchell and Tandy Mitchell.  FE Concepts will develop and operate a family entertainment center that offers bowling, gaming, movies and other amenities.  The Company and AWSR each invested approximately $20,000 and each have a 50% voting interest in FE Concepts.  The Company accounts for its investment in FE Concepts under the equity method of accounting.

The Company’s goodwill was as follows:

 

 

F-25

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

As of December 31, intangible assets-net, consisted of the following:

 

 

 

Estimated aggregate future amortization expense for intangible assets is as follows⁽¹⁾:

 

⁽¹⁾  Represents amounts before the adoption of ASC Topic 842 – Leases.  See Note 2 for discussion of the expected impact of adoption.

 

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment indicators on a quarterly basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable.  See Note 1 for discussion of the Company’s impairment policy.

F-26

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

The Company’s long-lived asset impairment losses are summarized in the following table:

 

 

The long-lived asset impairment charges recorded during each of the years presented are specific to theatres that were directly and individually impacted by increased competition, adverse changes in market demographics, or adverse changes in the development or the conditions of the areas surrounding the theatre. As of December 31, 2018, the estimated aggregate remaining fair value of the long-lived assets impaired during the year ended December 31, 2018 was approximately $16,295.

As of December 31, deferred charges and other assets — net consisted of the following:

 

As of December 31, long-term debt consisted of the following:

 

 

Senior Secured Credit Facility

Cinemark USA, Inc. has a senior secured credit facility that includes a $700,000 term loan and a $100,000 revolving credit line (the “Credit Agreement”).

F-27

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Cinemark USA, Inc. made the following amendments to its Credit Agreement as follows during 2016, 2017 and 2018:

 

 

Under the amended Credit Agreement, quarterly principal payments of $1,649 are due on the term loan through December 31, 2024, with a final principal payment of $613,351 due on March 29, 2025.

Subsequent to the March 29, 2018 amendment noted above, interest on the term loan accrues at Cinemark USA, Inc.’s option at: (A) the base rate equal to the greater of (1) the US “Prime Rate” as quoted in The Wall Street Journal or if no such rate is quoted therein, in a Federal Reserve Board statistical release, (2) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, and (3) a one-month Eurodollar-based rate plus 1.0%, plus, in each case, a margin of 0.75% per annum, or (B) a Eurodollar-based rate for a period of 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 or 12 months plus a margin of 1.75% per annum. Interest on the revolving credit line accrues, at our option, at: (A) a base rate equal to the greater of (1) the US “Prime Rate” as quoted in The Wall Street Journal or if no such rate is quoted therein, in a Federal Reserve Board statistical release, (2) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, and (3) a one-month Eurodollar-based rate plus 1.0%, plus, in each case, a margin that ranges from 0.50% to 1.25% per annum, or (B) a Eurodollar-based rate for a period of 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 or 12 months plus a margin that ranges from 1.50% to 2.25% per annum. The margin of the revolving credit line is determined by the consolidated net senior secured leverage ratio as defined in the Credit Agreement.

At December 31, 2018, there was $652,922 outstanding under the term loan and no borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit line.  Cinemark USA, Inc. had no borrowings under the revolving credit line during the years ended December 31, 2017 or 2018.  After giving effect to a letter of credit outstanding as of December 31, 2018. Cinemark USA, Inc. had $98,846 in available borrowing capacity on the revolving credit line.  The average interest rate on outstanding term loan borrowings under the Credit Agreement at December 31, 2018 was approximately 4.4% per annum.

F-28

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Cinemark USA, Inc.’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by Cinemark Holdings, Inc. and certain of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s domestic subsidiaries and are secured by mortgages on certain fee and leasehold properties and security interests in substantially all of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s and the guarantors’ personal property, including, without limitation, pledges of all of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s capital stock, all of the capital stock of certain of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the voting stock of certain of its foreign subsidiaries.

The Credit Agreement contains usual and customary negative covenants for agreements of this type, including, but not limited to, restrictions on Cinemark USA, Inc.’s ability, and in certain instances, its subsidiaries’ and our ability, to consolidate or merge or liquidate, wind up or dissolve; substantially change the nature of its business; sell, transfer or dispose of assets; create or incur indebtedness; create liens; pay dividends or repurchase stock; and make capital expenditures and investments. If Cinemark USA, Inc. has borrowings outstanding on the revolving credit line, it is required to keep a consolidated net senior secured leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, not to exceed 5.0 to 1.  As of December 31, 2018, the Company’s actual ratio was 2.9 to 1.

The dividend restriction contained in the Credit Agreement prevents the Company and any of its subsidiaries from paying a dividend or otherwise distributing cash to its stockholders unless (1) the Company is not in default, and the distribution would not cause Cinemark USA, Inc. to be in default, under the Credit Agreement; and (2) the aggregate amount of certain dividends, distributions, investments, redemptions and capital expenditures made since December 18, 2012, including dividends declared by the board of directors, is less than the sum of (a) the aggregate amount of cash and cash equivalents received by Cinemark Holdings, Inc. or Cinemark USA, Inc. as common equity since December 18, 2012, (b) Cinemark USA, Inc.’s consolidated EBITDA minus 1.75 times its consolidated interest expense, each as defined in the Credit Agreement, and (c) certain other defined amounts. As of December 31, 2018, Cinemark USA, Inc. could have distributed up to approximately $2,918,142 to its parent company and sole stockholder, Cinemark Holdings, Inc.

4.875% Senior Notes

On May 24, 2013, Cinemark USA, Inc. issued $530,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.875% senior notes

due 2023, at par value, (the “4.875% Senior Notes”). Interest on the 4.875% Senior Notes is payable on June 1 and December 1 of each year. The 4.875% Senior Notes mature on June 1, 2023.

On March 21, 2016, Cinemark USA, Inc. issued an additional $225,000 aggregate principal amount of the 4.875% Senior Notes, at 99.0% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest from December 1, 2015.  Proceeds, after payment of fees, were used to finance the redemption of Cinemark, USA, Inc.’s previously outstanding $200,000 7.375% senior subordinated notes due 2021 (the “7.375% Senior Subordinated Notes”), as discussed below. These additional notes have identical terms, other than the issue date, the issue price and the first interest payment date, and constitute part of the same series as Cinemark USA, Inc.’s existing 4.875% Senior Notes.  The aggregate principal amount of $755,000 of 4.875% Senior Notes mature on June 1, 2023.  The Company incurred debt issue costs of approximately $3,702 in connection with the issuance of the additional notes, which, along with the discount of $2,250, are reflected as a reduction of long term debt, net of accumulated amortization, on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2018.

The 4.875% Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several senior unsecured basis by certain of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s subsidiaries that guarantee, assume or become liable with respect to any of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s or a guarantor’s debt. The 4.875% Senior Notes and the guarantees are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s and its guarantor’s existing and future senior unsecured debt and senior in right of payment to all of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s and its guarantor’s existing and future senior subordinated debt. The 4.875% Senior Notes and the guarantees are effectively subordinated to all of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s and its guarantor’s existing and future secured debt to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt, including all borrowings under Cinemark USA, Inc.’s Credit Agreement. The 4.875% Senior Notes and the guarantees are structurally subordinated to all existing and future debt and other liabilities of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 4.875% Senior Notes.

F-29

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

The indenture to the 4.875% Senior Notes contains covenants that limit, among other things, the ability of Cinemark USA, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries to (1) make investments or other restricted payments, including paying dividends, making other distributions or repurchasing subordinated debt or equity, (2) incur additional indebtedness and issue preferred stock, (3) enter into transactions with affiliates, (4) enter new lines of business, (5) merge or consolidate with, or sell all or substantially all of its assets to, another person and (6) create liens. As of December 31, 2018, Cinemark USA, Inc. could have distributed up to approximately $2,980,550 to its parent company and sole stockholder, Cinemark Holdings, Inc., under the terms of the indenture to the 4.875% Senior Notes, subject to its available cash and other borrowing restrictions outlined in the indenture. Upon a change of control, as defined in the indenture governing the 4.875% Senior Notes, Cinemark USA, Inc. would be required to make an offer to repurchase the 4.875% Senior Notes at a price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount outstanding plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, through the date of repurchase. The indenture governing the 4.875% Senior Notes allows Cinemark USA, Inc. to incur additional indebtedness if it satisfies the coverage ratio specified in the indenture, after giving effect to the incurrence of the additional indebtedness, and in certain other circumstances. The required minimum coverage ratio is 2 to 1 and our actual ratio as of December 31, 2018 was approximately 6.3 to 1.

5.125% Senior Notes

On December 18, 2012, Cinemark USA, Inc. issued $400,000 aggregate principal amount of 5.125% senior notes due 2022, at par value (the “5.125% Senior Notes”). Interest on the 5.125% Senior Notes is payable on June 15 and December 15 of each year. The 5.125% Senior Notes mature on December 15, 2022.

The 5.125% Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several senior unsecured basis by certain of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s subsidiaries that guarantee, assume or become liable with respect to any of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s or a guarantor’s debt. The 5.125% Senior Notes and the guarantees are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s and its guarantor’s existing and future senior unsecured debt and senior in right of payment to all of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s and its guarantor’s existing and future subordinated debt. The 5.125% Senior Notes and the guarantees are effectively subordinated to all of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s and its guarantor’s existing and future secured debt to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt, including all borrowings under Cinemark USA, Inc.’s Credit Agreement. The 5.125% Senior Notes and the guarantees are structurally subordinated to all existing and future debt and other liabilities of Cinemark USA, Inc.’s subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 5.125% Senior Notes.

The indenture to the 5.125% Senior Notes contains covenants that limit, among other things, the ability of Cinemark USA, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries to (1) make investments or other restricted payments, including paying dividends, making other distributions or repurchasing subordinated debt or equity, (2) incur additional indebtedness and issue preferred stock, (3) enter into transactions with affiliates, (4) enter new lines of business, (5) merge or consolidate with, or sell all or substantially all of its assets to, another person and (6) create liens. As of December 31, 2018, Cinemark USA, Inc. could have distributed up to approximately $2,985,833 to its parent company and sole stockholder, Cinemark Holdings, Inc., under the terms of the indenture to the 5.125% Senior Notes, subject to its available cash and other borrowing restrictions outlined in the indenture. Upon a change of control, as defined in the indenture governing the 5.125% Senior Notes, Cinemark USA, Inc. would be required to make an offer to repurchase the 5.125% Senior Notes at a price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount outstanding plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, through the date of repurchase. The indenture governing the 5.125% Senior Notes allows Cinemark USA, Inc. to incur additional indebtedness if it satisfies the coverage ratio specified in the indenture, after giving effect to the incurrence of the additional indebtedness, and in certain other circumstances. The required minimum coverage ratio is 2 to 1 and our actual ratio as of December 31, 2018 was approximately 6.3 to 1.

7.375% Senior Subordinated Notes

On June 3, 2011, Cinemark USA, Inc. issued $200,000 aggregate principal amount of 7.375% senior subordinated notes due 2021, at par value (the “Senior Subordinated Notes”).

F-30

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

On March 21, 2016, Cinemark USA, Inc. redeemed its Senior Subordinated Notes at a make-whole premium of approximately 104% plus accrued and unpaid interest, utilizing the proceeds from the issuance of the additional $225,000 Cinemark USA, Inc. 4.875% Senior Notes discussed above. As a result of the redemption, the Company wrote-off approximately $2,369 in unamortized debt issue costs, paid a make-whole premium of $9,444 and paid other fees of $1,222, all of which are reflected in loss on debt amendments and refinancing during the year ended December 31, 2016.  

Fair Value of Long Term Debt

The Company estimates the fair value of its long-term debt primarily using quoted market prices, which fall under Level 2 of the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy as defined by FASB ASC Topic 820-10-35. The carrying value of the Company’s long term debt was $1,817,295 and $1,809,311 as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively, excluding debt issuance costs of $29,815 and $28,700, respectively. The fair value of the Company’s long term debt was $1,840,918 and $1,774,066 as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Covenant Compliance and Debt Maturity

As of December 31, 2018, the Company believes it was in full financial compliance with all agreements, including related covenants, governing its outstanding debt.

The Company’s long-term debt, excluding unamortized debt issuance costs, at December 31, 2018 matures as follows:

 

Interest Rate Swap Agreements

The Company is currently a party to three interest rate swap agreements that are used to hedge a portion of the interest rate risk associated with the variable interest rates on the Company’s term loan debt and qualify for cash flow hedge accounting. The fair values of the interest rate swaps are recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as an asset or liability with the related gains or losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. The changes in fair value are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings in the same period that the hedged items affect earnings.

The valuation technique used to determine fair value is the income approach and under this approach, the Company uses projected future interest rates as provided by counterparty to the interest rate swap agreement and the fixed rates that the Company is obligated to pay under the agreement. Therefore, the Company’s measurements use significant unobservable inputs, which fall in Level 3 of the U.S. GAAP hierarchy as defined by FASB ASC Topic 820-10-35. See Note 12 for a summary of unrealized gains or losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

F-31

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Below is a summary of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges as of December 31, 2018:

The total estimated fair value of the interest rate swaps of $5,093, net of deferred taxes of $1,243, is reflected in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2018.  

 

 

The Company determines fair value measurements in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 820, which establishes a fair value hierarchy under which an asset or liability is categorized based on the lowest level of input significant to its fair value measurement. The levels of input defined by FASB ASC Topic 820 are as follows:

Level 1 – quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date;

Level 2 – other than quoted market prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 – unobservable and should be used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available.

Below is a summary of liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by the Company under FASB ASC Topic 820 as of December 31, 2018:

 

Below is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance for liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

 

F-32

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

The Company also uses the market approach for fair value measurements on a nonrecurring basis in the impairment evaluations of its long-lived assets (see Note 1 and Note 9). Additionally, the Company uses the market approach to estimate the fair value of its long-term debt (see Note 11).  There were no changes in valuation techniques during the period. There were no transfers in or out of Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018.

The accumulated other comprehensive loss account in stockholders’ equity of $253,282 and $319,007 at December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively, includes the cumulative foreign currency losses of $253,565 and $315,300, respectively, from translating the financial statements of the Company’s international subsidiaries and the change in fair values of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements designated as hedges.

As of December 31, 2018, all foreign countries where the Company has operations, other than Argentina, are non-highly inflationary, and the local currency is the same as the functional currency in all of the locations. Thus, any fluctuation in the currency results in a cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment recorded to accumulated other comprehensive loss.  The Company deemed Argentina to be highly inflationary beginning July 1, 2018.  A highly inflationary economy is defined as an economy with a cumulative inflation rate of approximately 100 percent or more over a three-year period. If a country’s economy is classified as highly inflationary, the financial statements of the foreign entity operating in that country must be remeasured to the functional currency of the reporting entity.  The financial statements of the Company’s Argentina subsidiaries has been remeasured in U.S. dollars in accordance with ASC Topic 830, Foreign Currency Matters, effective beginning July 1, 2018.

Below is a summary of the impact of translating the financial statements of all of the Company’s international subsidiaries as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018.

 

 

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company reclassified $1,551 of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments, related to a Canadian subsidiary that was liquidated, from accumulated other comprehensive loss to foreign currency exchange gain (loss) on the consolidated statement of income.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company reclassified $518 of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments, related to the settlement of an intercompany note between a domestic and an international subsidiary, from accumulated other comprehensive loss to foreign currency exchange gain (loss) on the consolidated statement of income.

 

F-33

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries of the Company were as follows at December 31:

 

 

During December 2016 the Company purchased the remaining 25% noncontrolling interest of one of its Chilean subsidiaries, Flix Impirica S.A. (“Flix Impirica”), for approximately $450 in cash.  The increase in the Company’s ownership interest in the Chilean subsidiary was accounted for as an equity transaction in accordance with ASC Topic 810-10-45-23. The Company recorded a decrease in additional paid-in-capital of approximately $27, which represented the difference between the cash paid and the book value of the Chilean subsidiary’s noncontrolling interest account, which was approximately $423. As a result of this transaction, the Company now owns 100% of the shares in Flix Impirica.

Below is a summary of the impact of changes in the Company’s ownership interest in its subsidiaries on its equity:

 

 

Common Stock — Common stockholders are entitled to vote on all matters submitted to a vote of the Company’s stockholders. Subject to the rights of holders of any then outstanding shares of the Company’s preferred stock, the Company’s common stockholders are entitled to dividends declared by the board of directors. The shares of the Company’s common stock are not subject to any redemption provisions. The Company has no issued and outstanding shares of preferred stock.

The Company’s ability to pay dividends is effectively limited by its status as a holding company and the terms of its subsidiary’s indentures and senior secured credit facility, which also significantly restricts the ability of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries to pay dividends directly or indirectly to the Company. See Note 11 for discussion of restrictions contained within the debt agreements of the Company’s subsidiaries.

Treasury Stock — Treasury stock represents shares of common stock repurchased by the Company and not yet retired.  The Company has applied the cost method in recording its treasury shares.

F-34

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Below is a summary of the Company’s treasury stock activity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018.

 

 

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had no plans to retire any shares of its treasury stock.

Restricted Stock — Below is a summary of restricted stock activity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018:

 

 

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company granted 328,734 shares of restricted stock to directors and employees of the Company. The fair value of the restricted stock granted was determined based on the market value of the Company’s common stock on the dates of grant, which ranged from $35.80 to $39.26 per share. The Company assumed forfeiture rates ranging from 0% to 10% for the restricted stock awards.  Restricted stock granted to directors vests over a one-year period.  Restricted stock granted to employees vests over periods ranging from one year to four years based on continued service. The recipients of restricted stock are entitled to receive dividends and to vote their respective shares, however, the sale and transfer of the restricted shares is prohibited during the restriction period.

F-35

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Below is a summary of restricted stock award activity recorded for the periods indicated.

 

 

As of December 31, 2018, the remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to these restricted stock awards was approximately $15,174. The weighted average period over which this remaining compensation expense will be recognized is approximately two years.

Restricted Stock Units — During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Company granted restricted stock units representing 253,661, 175,634 and 228,194 hypothetical shares of common stock, respectively, to employees. The restricted stock units vest based on a combination of financial performance factors and continued service. The financial performance factors are based on an implied equity value concept that determines an internal rate of return (“IRR”) for a two year measurement period, as defined in the award agreement, based on a formula utilizing a multiple of Adjusted EBITDA subject to certain specified adjustments (as defined in the restricted stock unit award agreement). The financial performance factors for the restricted stock units have a threshold, target and maximum level of payment opportunity and vest on a prorata basis according to the IRR achieved by the Company during the performance period. As an example, if the Company achieves an IRR equal to 9.0% for the 2016 grant, the number of restricted stock units that shall vest will be greater than the target but less than the maximum number that would have vested had the Company achieved the highest IRR. All payouts of restricted stock units that vest will be subject to an additional service requirement and will be paid in the form of common stock if the participant continues to provide services through the fourth anniversary of the grant date.

The financial performance factors and respective vesting rates for each of the 2016, 2017 and 2018 grants are as follows:

 

 

At the time of each of the restricted stock unit grants, the Company assumes the IRR level to be reached for the defined measurement period will be the target IRR level in determining the amount of compensation expense to record for such grants. If and when additional information becomes available to indicate that something other than the target IRR level will be achieved, the Company adjusts compensation expense on a prospective basis over the remaining service period. The Company assumed a forfeiture rate of 5% for the restricted stock unit awards granted during 2018. Restricted stock unit award participants are eligible to receive dividend equivalent payments if and at the time the restricted stock unit awards vest.  

F-36

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Below is a table summarizing the potential number of units that could vest under restricted stock unit awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 at each of the three levels of financial performance (excluding forfeitures):

 

 

Below is a summary of activity for restricted stock unit awards for the periods indicated:

 

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved a modification to the 2015 restricted stock unit grants. The modification resulted in a cap on the foreign currency exchange rate devaluation impact to be used in calculating the IRR for the respective measurement periods.  The Company revalued each of the grants based on the Company’s stock price at the date of modification, which was $37.98. The modifications resulted in incremental compensation expense of approximately $562 for the year ended December 31, 2016.  

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had restricted stock units outstanding that represented a total 594,266 hypothetical shares of common stock, net of actual cumulative forfeitures of 18,667 units, assuming the maximum IRR is achieved for all of the outstanding restricted stock unit awards.

As of December 31, 2018, the remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to the outstanding restricted stock unit awards was $8,416, which reflects the maximum IRR level that was achieved for the 2015 grant, an IRR level of 7.2% that was achieved for the 2016 grant, an IRR level of 11.2% that is estimated for the 2017 grant and an IRR level of 9.5% that is estimated for the 2018 grants. The weighted average period over which this remaining compensation expense will be recognized is approximately two years.

F-37

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

The following is provided as supplemental information to the consolidated statements of cash flows:

 

 

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act"). The Tax Act made changes to the U.S. tax code, which included (1) reduced U.S. corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent, (2) generally eliminated U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries,  (3) a one-time transition tax on certain undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries, and (4) created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings.  

As of December 31, 2018, the amounts recorded for the Tax Act are final for the 2017 transition tax, the re-measurement of deferred taxes, and the Company’s reassessment of valuation allowances.  The Company recorded a net additional charge as a result of the Tax Act and its recently issued guidance of $19,180, all non-cash,  including a true up of the re-measurement of deferred tax liabilities using the lower U.S. corporate income tax rate and a reduction in a deferred tax asset with regard to foreign tax credit carryforwards.

The Company’s provision for federal and foreign income tax expense for continuing operations consisted of the following:

 

 

F-38

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Current and deferred income taxes were as follows:

 

 

A reconciliation between income tax expense and taxes computed by applying the applicable statutory federal income tax rate to income before income taxes follows:

 

 

As of December 31, 2018, all earnings invested offshore subject to the Tax Act have been included in the transition tax. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had approximately $415,323 of accumulated undistributed earnings and profits, approximately $373,768 of which was subject to the one-time transition tax pursuant to the Tax Act. Any additional tax due on the repatriation of previously taxed earnings would generally be foreign withholding and U.S. state income taxes. The Company does not intend to repatriate these offshore earnings and profits, and therefore has not recorded any deferred taxes on such earnings. The Company considers any excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis of its investment in its foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested. At this time, the determination of deferred tax liabilities on this amount is not practicable.

F-39

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Deferred Income Taxes

The tax effects of significant temporary differences and tax loss and tax credit carryforwards comprising the net long-term deferred income tax liabilities as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 consisted of the following:

 

 

A significant portion of our foreign tax credit carryforwards expire in 2023.  Some foreign net operating losses expired in 2018; however, some losses may be carried forward indefinitely. State net operating losses may be carried forward for periods of between five and twenty years with the last expiring year being 2037.

The Company’s valuation allowance changed from $35,246 at December 31, 2017 to $54,725 at December 31, 2018 (see Note 21). The increase was a result of recently issued guidance for the Tax Act and the impact on the estimated usage of foreign tax credit carryforwards before their expiration.  

F-40

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Uncertain Tax Positions

The following is a reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits excluding interest and penalties, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018:

 

 

The Company had $20,231 and $13,953 of unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Of these amounts, $20,231 and $13,953  represent the amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact the effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The Company had $5,288 and $3,390 accrued for interest and penalties as of December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.

The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in certain state and foreign jurisdictions and are routinely under audit by many different tax authorities. The Company believes that its accrual for tax liabilities is adequate for all open audit years based on its assessment of many factors including past experience and interpretations of tax law. This assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of complex judgments about future events. The Company is no longer subject to income tax audits from the Internal Revenue Service for years before 2015. Additionally, the Company began and concluded an audit from the Internal Revenue Service for the year 2016, with no changes.  The Company is no longer subject to state income tax examinations by tax authorities in its major state jurisdictions for years before 2014. The Company is no longer subject to non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities in its major non-U.S. tax jurisdictions for years before 2005.

The Company is currently under audit in the non-U.S. tax jurisdiction of Brazil. The Company concluded an audit in Chile in 2018 and recorded a tax benefit of $6,802.

Leases — The Company conducts a significant part of its theatre operations in leased properties under noncancelable leases with terms generally ranging from 10 to 25 years. In addition to the minimum annual lease payments, some of the leases provide for contingent rentals based on operating results of the theatre and some require the payment of taxes, insurance and other costs applicable to the property. The Company can renew, at its option, a substantial portion of the leases at defined or then market rental rates for various periods. Some leases also provide for escalating rent payments throughout the lease term. A liability for deferred lease expenses of $40,929 and $39,235 at December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively, has been provided to account for lease expenses on a straight-line basis, where lease payments are not made on such a basis. Theatre rent expense was as follows:

 

 

F-41

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating and capital leases at December 31, 2018 are as follows⁽¹⁾:

 

(1)  Represents amounts before the adoption of ASC Topic 842 – Leases.  See Note 2 for discussion of the expected impact of adoption.

 

Employment Agreements — As of December 31, 2018, the Company had employment agreements with Lee Roy Mitchell, Mark Zoradi, Sean Gamble, Valmir Fernandes and Michael Cavalier. The employment agreements are subject to automatic extensions for a one year period, unless the employment agreements are terminated. The base salaries stipulated in the employment agreements are subject to review at least annually during the term of the agreements for increase (but not decrease) by the Company’s Compensation Committee. Management personnel subject to these employment agreements are eligible to receive annual cash incentive bonuses upon the Company meeting certain performance targets established by the Compensation Committee within the first 90 days of the fiscal year.

 

Effective February 20, 2018, the Company and Mr. Zoradi amended his employment agreement extending the term to December 31, 2019.

 

Effective January 2, 2018, Robert Carmony, Executive Vice President – Innovation, retired from the Company and his employment agreement was terminated.

Retirement Savings Plan — The Company has a 401(k) retirement savings plan (“401(k) Plan”) for the benefit of all eligible employees and makes matching contributions as determined annually in accordance with the 401(k) Plan. Employer matching contribution payments of $6,380 and $5,076 were made during 2017 and 2018, respectively. A liability of approximately $1,374 was recorded at December 31, 2018 for employer contribution payments to be made in 2019 for the remaining amounts owed for plan year 2018.

F-42

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Silken Brown v. Cinemark USA, Inc., Case No. 3:13cv05669, In the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, San Francisco Division. The case presents putative class action claims for penalties and attorney's fees arising from alleged violations of the California wage statement law.  The claim is also asserted as a representative action under the California Private Attorney General Act (PAGA) for penalties. The Court granted class certification. The company denies the claims, denies that class certification is appropriate, denies that the plaintiff has standing to assert the claims alleged and is vigorously defending against the claims.  The company denies the claims, denies that class certification is appropriate, denies that the plaintiff has standing to assert the claims alleged and is vigorously defending against the claims.  The Company denies any violation of law; however, to avoid the cost and uncertainty associated with litigation the Company and the plaintiff entered into a Joint Stipulation of Class Action Settlement and Release of Claims (the “Settlement Agreement”) to fully and finally dismiss all claims that would be brought in the case.  The Settlement Agreement must be approved by the Court. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a litigation reserve based on the proposed Settlement Agreement in loss on disposal of assets and other on the consolidated income statement.  

Flagship Theatres of Palm Desert, LLC d/b/a Cinemas Palme D’Or v. Century Theatres, Inc., and Cinemark USA, Inc.; Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles.  Plaintiff in this case alleges that the Company violated California antitrust and unfair competition laws by engaging in “circuit dealing” with various motion picture distributors and tortuously interfered with Plaintiff’s business relationships.  Plaintiff seeks compensatory damages, trebling of those damages under California law, punitive damages, injunctive relief, attorneys’ fees, costs and interest.  Plaintiff also alleges that the Company’s conduct ultimately resulted in closure of its theatre in June 2016.  The Company denied the allegations.  In 2008, the Company moved for summary judgment on Plaintiff’s claims, arguing primarily that clearances between the theatres at issue were lawful and that Plaintiff lacked proof sufficient to support certain technical elements of its antitrust claims.  The trial court granted that motion and dismissed Plaintiff’s claims.  Plaintiff appealed and, in 2011, the Court of Appeal reversed, holding, among other things, that Plaintiff’s claims were not about the illegality of clearances but were focused, instead, on “circuit dealing.”  Having re-framed the claims in that manner, the Court of Appeal held that the trial court’s decision to limit discovery to the market where the theatres at issue operated was an error, as “circuit dealing” necessarily involves activities in different markets.  Upon return to the trial court, the parties engaged in additional, broadened discovery related to Plaintiff’s “circuit dealing” claim.  Thereafter, the Company moved again for summary judgment on all of Plaintiff’s claims.  That new motion for summary judgment was pending when, on or about April 11, 2014, the trial court granted the Company’s motion for terminating sanctions and entered a judgment dismissing the case with prejudice.  Plaintiff then appealed that second dismissal, seeking to have the judgment reversed and the case remanded to the trial court.  The Court of Appeal issued a ruling on May 24, 2016, reversing the granting of terminating sanctions and instead imposed a lesser evidentiary and damages preclusion sanction.  The case returned to the trial court on October 6, 2016.  On May 10, 2018, after a five-week jury trial, the jury found no liability on one circuit dealing claim and awarded Plaintiff damages on the other claim, which are tripled for antitrust damage awards.  Plaintiff would also be entitled to certain court costs and to seek at least some portion of its attorney’s fees.  During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a litigation reserve based on an estimate of the jury award, which is reflected in loss on disposal of assets and other on the consolidated income statement.  The trial court denied a motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict and a motion for a new trial. The Company intends to appeal the judgment.  Although the Company denies that it engaged in any form of circuit dealing, it cannot predict the outcome of its pending motions or future appeals.

The Company received a Civil Investigative Demand (“CID”) from the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice. The CID relates to an investigation under Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act. The Company also received CIDs from the Antitrust Section of the Office of the Attorney General of the State of Ohio and later from other states regarding similar inquiries under state antitrust laws. The CIDs request the Company to answer interrogatories, and produce documents, or both, related to the investigation of matters including film clearances, potential coordination and/or communication with other major theatre circuits and related joint ventures.  The Company intends to fully cooperate with all federal and state government agencies. Although the Company does not believe that it has violated any federal or state antitrust or competition laws, it cannot predict the ultimate scope, duration or outcome of these investigations.

F-43

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

From time to time, the Company is involved in other various legal proceedings arising from the ordinary course of its business operations, such as personal injury claims, employment matters, landlord-tenant disputes, patent claims and contractual disputes, some of which are covered by insurance or by indemnification from vendors. The Company believes its potential liability with respect to these types of proceedings currently pending is not material, individually or in the aggregate, to the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

The Company manages its international market and its U.S. market as separate reportable operating segments, with the international segment consisting of operations in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Guatemala, Bolivia, Curacao and Paraguay. Each segment’s revenue is derived from admissions and concession sales and other ancillary revenues. The Company uses Adjusted EBITDA, as shown in the reconciliation table below, because we believe it provides management and investors with additional information to measure the Company’s performance and liquidity, estimate the Company’s value and evaluate the Company’s ability to service debt. In addition, the Company uses Adjusted EBITDA for incentive compensation purposes.  The Company does not report asset information by segment because that information is not used to evaluate Company performance or allocate resources between segments.

Below is a breakdown of select financial information by reportable operating segment:

 

 

F-44

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA:

 

 

 

Financial Information About Geographic Area

Below is a breakdown of select financial information by geographic area:

 

 

 

F-45

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

The Company manages theatres for Laredo Theatres, Ltd. (“Laredo”). The Company is the sole general partner and owns 75% of the limited partnership interests of Laredo. Lone Star Theatres, Inc. owns the remaining 25% of the limited partnership interests in Laredo and is 100% owned by Mr. David Roberts, Lee Roy Mitchell’s son-in-law. Lee Roy Mitchell is the Company’s Chairman of the Board and directly and indirectly owns approximately 8% of the Company’s common stock. Under the agreement, management fees are paid by Laredo to the Company at a rate of 5% of annual theatre revenues up to $50,000 and 3% of annual theatre revenues in excess of $50,000. The Company recorded $506, $586 and $654 of management fee revenues during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. All such amounts are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements with the intercompany amounts eliminated in consolidation.

The Company has an Aircraft Time Sharing Agreement with Copper Beech Capital, LLC to use, on occasion, a private aircraft owned by Copper Beech Capital, LLC. Copper Beech Capital, LLC is owned by Mr. Mitchell and his wife, Tandy Mitchell. The private aircraft is used by Mr. Mitchell and other executives who accompany Mr. Mitchell to business meetings for the Company. The Company reimburses Copper Beech Capital, LLC the actual costs of fuel usage and the expenses of the pilots, landing fees, storage fees and similar expenses incurred during the trip.  For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the aggregate amounts paid to Copper Beech Capital, LLC for the use of the aircraft was approximately $110, $131 and $68, respectively.

The Company holds events for its employees and their families at Pinstack, an entertainment facility, at various times throughout the year.  Pinstack is majority-owned by Mr. Mitchell and his wife, Tandy Mitchell.  In connection with the event, the Company paid Pinstack approximately $70, $36 and $5 during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively.  

The Company currently leases 14 theatres and one parking facility from Syufy Enterprises, LP (“Syufy”) or affiliates of Syufy. Raymond Syufy is one of the Company’s directors and is an officer of the general partner of Syufy. Of these 15 leases, 14 have fixed minimum annual rent. The one lease without minimum annual rent has rent based upon a specified percentage of gross sales as defined in the lease. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the Company paid total rent of approximately $21,124, $22,483 and $23,447, respectively, to Syufy.

The Company has a 50% voting interest in FE Concepts, a joint venture with AWSR, an entity owned by Lee Roy Mitchell and Tandy Mitchell.  FE Concepts will develop and operate a family entertainment center that offers bowling, gaming, movies and other amenities.  See Note 7 for further discussion.

The Company’s valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018 were as follows:

 

⁽¹⁾A valuation allowance was provided against certain deferred tax assets arising from carryforwards of unused foreign tax credit benefits.

F-46

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

 

 

 

⁽¹⁾ See Note 3 for discussion of the adoption of ASC 606 and its impact on the income statement beginning in 2018.  

On February 22, 2019, the Company’s board of directors approved a cash dividend for the fourth quarter of 2018 of $0.34 per share of common stock payable to stockholders of record on March 8, 2019. The dividend will be paid on March 22, 2019.

*****

 

 

F-47

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SCHEDULE 1 - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT

CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

PARENT COMPANY BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed financial information of the registrant.

S-1

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

PARENT COMPANY STATEMENTS OF INCOME

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018

(in thousands)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed financial information of the registrant.

S-2

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

PARENT COMPANY STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018

(In thousands)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed financial information of the registrant.

S-3

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

PARENT COMPANY STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018

(in thousands)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed financial information of the registrant.

 

 

S-4

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

Cinemark Holdings, Inc. conducts substantially all of its operations through its subsidiaries. These statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K. There are significant restrictions over Cinemark Holdings, Inc.’s ability to obtain funds from its subsidiaries through dividends, loans or advances as contained in Cinemark USA, Inc.’s senior secured credit facility and the indentures to each of the 4.875% Senior Notes and the 5.125% Senior Notes (collectively referred to herein as the “Notes”). These condensed parent company financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Rule 12-04, Schedule I of Regulation S-X, as the restricted net assets of Cinemark Holdings, Inc.’s subsidiaries under each of the debt agreements previously noted exceeds 25 percent of the consolidated net assets of Cinemark Holdings, Inc. As of December 31, 2018, the restricted net assets totaled approximately $1,155,042 and $1,174,247 under the senior secured credit facility and the Notes, respectively. See Note 11 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K.

Below is a summary of dividends declared for the fiscal periods indicated.

 

During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, Cinemark Holdings, Inc. received cash dividends of $124,900, $134,500 and $148,750, respectively, from its subsidiary, Cinemark USA, Inc.

Cinemark Holdings, Inc. has no direct outstanding debt obligations, but its subsidiaries do. For a discussion of the debt obligations of Cinemark Holdings, Inc.’s subsidiaries, see Note 11 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K.

S-5

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CINEMARK HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In thousands, except share and per share data

 

 

Cinemark Holdings, Inc.’s capital stock along with its long-term incentive plan and related activity are discussed in Note 15 of the Company’s consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K.

Cinemark Holdings, Inc. has no direct commitments and contingencies, but its subsidiaries do. See Note 18 of the Company’s consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K

 

*****

 

S-6