Filed by Bowne Pure Compliance
Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
     
þ   Quarterly Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2008
or
     
o   Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from            to           
Commission File Number 333-110680
VIASPACE INC.
(Exact name of small business issuer as specified in its charter)
     
Nevada   76-0742386
(State or other jurisdiction of   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)    
171 North Altadena Drive, Suite 101, Pasadena, CA 91107
(Address of principal executive offices)
(626) 768-3360
(Issuer’s telephone number)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES þ NO o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
             
Large accelerated filer o   Accelerated filer o   Non-accelerated filer o   Smaller reporting company þ
        (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). YES o NO þ
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 451,853,705 shares of $0.001 par value common stock issued and outstanding as of May 9, 2008.
 
 

 

 


 

VIASPACE INC.
INDEX
         
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    34  
 
       
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    35  
 
       
 Exhibit 10.1
 Exhibit 10.2
 Exhibit 31.1
 Exhibit 31.2
 Exhibit 32

 

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
VIASPACE INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (Unaudited)          
ASSETS
 
CURRENT ASSETS:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 279,000     $ 608,000  
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of zero in 2008 and 2007, respectively
    126,000       108,000  
Marketable securities, available for sale
    86,000       78,000  
Inventory
    47,000       43,000  
Prepaid expenses
    4,412,000       89,000  
Other current assets
    46,000       72,000  
 
           
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS
    4,996,000       998,000  
 
           
 
               
FIXED ASSETS:
               
Fixed assets, net of accumulated depreciation of $195,000 and $177,000 in 2008 and 2007, respectively
    139,000       155,000  
 
               
OTHER ASSETS:
               
Intellectual property, net of accumulated amortization of $204,000 and $198,000 in 2008 and 2007, respectively
    211,000       217,000  
Other assets
    13,000       13,000  
 
           
TOTAL OTHER ASSETS
    224,000       230,000  
 
           
TOTAL ASSETS
  $ 5,359,000     $ 1,383,000  
 
           
 
               
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
 
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
               
Accounts payable
  $ 199,000     $ 257,000  
Accrued expenses
    210,000       313,000  
Current portion of long-term debt
    31,000       30,000  
Loan
    225,000       250,000  
Related party payable
    184,000       185,000  
 
           
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES
    849,000       1,035,000  
 
               
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES:
               
Deferred rent
    5,000       9,000  
Long-term debt, net of current portion
    283,000       291,000  
 
           
TOTAL LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
    288,000       300,000  
 
           
 
               
TOTAL LIABILITIES
    1,137,000       1,335,000  
 
               
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
               
 
               
MINORITY INTEREST IN CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES:
               
Preferred Shareholder Minority Interest
    500,000       500,000  
Common Shareholder Minority Interest
    53,000       55,000  
 
           
 
    553,000       555,000  
 
               
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT):
               
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, zero shares issued and outstanding
           
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 1,500,000,000 shares authorized, 451,853,705 and 316,452,598 issued and outstanding in 2008 and 2007, respectively
    452,000       316,000  
Treasury stock (20,951,645 shares in 2008 and zero in 2007)
    (962,000 )      
Additional paid in capital
    26,360,000       19,040,000  
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    86,000       78,000  
Accumulated deficit
    (22,267,000 )     (19,941,000 )
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)
    3,669,000       (507,000 )
 
           
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
  $ 5,359,000     $ 1,383,000  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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VIASPACE INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
REVENUES
               
Government contracts
  $ 9,000     $ 81,000  
Commercial contracts
    114,000       158,000  
 
           
Total revenues
    123,000       239,000  
COST OF REVENUES
    60,000       203,000  
 
           
GROSS PROFIT
    63,000       36,000  
OPERATING EXPENSES
               
Research and development
    575,000       391,000  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    1,828,000       1,666,000  
 
           
Total operating expenses
    2,403,000       2,057,000  
 
           
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS
    (2,340,000 )     (2,021,000 )
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
               
Interest income
    5,000       19,000  
Interest expense
    (13,000 )     (3,512,000 )
Other income
    20,000        
Gain on sale of marketable securities
          219,000  
Adjustments to fair value of derivatives
          1,383,000  
 
           
Total other income (expense)
    12,000       (1,891,000 )
 
           
 
               
LOSS BEFORE MINORITY INTEREST
    (2,328,000 )     (3,912,000 )
Minority interest loss (income) in consolidated subsidiaries
    2,000       (7,000 )
 
           
NET LOSS
  $ (2,326,000 )   $ (3,919,000 )
 
               
LOSS PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK BEFORE MINORITY INTEREST—Basic and diluted
  $ (0.01 )   $ (0.01 )
Minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries
    *       *  
 
           
NET LOSS PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK—Basic and diluted
  $ (0.01 )   $ (0.01 )
 
               
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES UTSTANDING—Basic and diluted
    344,175,718       295,438,165  
     
 
 
*   Less than $0.01 per common share.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
                 
NET LOSS
  $ (2,326,000 )   $ (3,919,000 )
Other Comprehensive Income:
               
Unrealized holding gain on securities
    8,000       72,000  
Less reclassification adjustment for realized gain on securities included in net loss
          (219,000 )
 
           
Net unrealized holding gain (loss) on securities
    8,000       (147,000 )
 
           
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
  $ (2,318,000 )   $ (4,066,000 )
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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VIASPACE INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(Unaudited)
                                                         
    Common Stock             Accumulated              
                    Additional             Other              
                    Paid in     Treasury     Comprehensive     Accumulated        
    Shares     Amount     Capital     Stock     Income     Deficit     Total  
 
                                                       
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2007
    316,452,598     $ 316,000     $ 19,040,000     $     $ 78,000     $ (19,941,000 )   $ (507,000 )
Net loss
                                            (2,326,000 )     (2,326,000 )
Other comprehensive income:
                                                       
Unrealized holding gain on securities
                                    8,000               8,000  
Reclassification of realized gain on securities to net loss
                                                     
 
                                                     
Comprehensive loss
                                                    (2,318,000 )
Sales of common stock to investors
    4,928,750       5,000       220,000                               225,000  
Shares issued to be sold by Company
    21,276,595       21,000       957,000       (962,000 )                     16,000  
Exercise of warrants
    5,763,625       6,000       254,000                               260,000  
Stock compensation expense related to stock options
                    532,000                               532,000  
Shares issued to consultants, employees and vendors for services
    103,432,137       104,000       5,357,000                               5,461,000  
 
                                         
BALANCE, MARCH 31, 2008
    451,853,705     $ 452,000     $ 26,360,000     $ (962,000 )   $ 86,000     $ (22,267,000 )   $ 3,669,000  
 
                                         
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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VIASPACE INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
                 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2008     2007  
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
               
Net loss
  $ (2,326,000 )   $ (3,919,000 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
               
Depreciation
    18,000       17,000  
Amortization of intangible assets
    6,000       8,000  
Amortization of discount related to conversion feature of debentures
          354,000  
Stock option and warrant compensation expense
    532,000       673,000  
Stock compensation expense related to restricted stock issued
    261,000        
Operating expenses paid in stock
    881,000        
Change in fair value of derivatives
          (1,383,000 )
Non-cash interest expense related to convertible debentures debt discount write off
          2,096,000  
Non-cash interest expense related to loss on conversion of debentures
          953,000  
Non-cash interest expense related to convertible debentures that was forgiven
          50,000  
Non-cash interest expense related to deferred financing costs
          58,000  
Gain on sale of marketable securities
          (219,000 )
(Increase) decrease in:
               
Accounts receivable
    (18,000 )     107,000  
Inventory
    (4,000 )      
Prepaid expenses
    (3,000 )     17,000  
Other current assets
    26,000        
Increase (decrease) in:
               
Accounts payable
    (58,000 )     28,000  
Accrued expenses and other
    (107,000 )     22,000  
Related party payable
    (1,000 )     26,000  
Minority interest
    (2,000 )     7,000  
 
           
Net cash used in operating activities
    (795,000 )     (1,105,000 )
 
           
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
               
Additions to fixed assets
    (2,000 )     (15,000 )
 
           
Net cash used in investing activities
    (2,000 )     (15,000 )
 
           
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
               
Proceeds from restructuring of convertible debentures and issuance of common stock, net of offering costs paid
          911,000  
Proceeds from loan
    300,000        
Proceeds from exercise of warrants
    259,000        
Payments on loans
    (150,000 )      
Payments on long-term debt
    (7,000 )     (7,000 )
Proceeds from sale of common stock
    66,000        
 
           
Net cash provided by financing activities
    468,000       904,000  
 
           
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
    (329,000 )     (216,000 )
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, Beginning of period
    608,000       1,861,000  
 
           
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, End of period
  $ 279,000     $ 1,645,000  
 
           
 
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
               
Cash paid during the period for:
               
Interest
  $ 13,000     $ 2,000  
Income taxes
  $     $  

 

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Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Activities for 2007:
    The following transactions were a result of the restructuring of the convertible debentures on March 8, 2007:
    $85,000 of accrued interest expense was waived by Cornell Capital Partners, LP as part of the conversion of convertible debentures into common stock equity.
 
    Embedded derivative liabilities of $1,651,000 were converted to equity.
 
    Warrant derivative liabilities of $2,442,000 were reclassified to equity.
 
    Stock option and Synthetica warrant derivative liabilities of $56,000 were reclassified to equity.
 
    Deferred offering costs of $719,000 were charged to paid in capital and recorded against the proceeds from the issuance of equity.
 
    Convertible debentures with a face value of $2,700,000 were converted to equity.
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Activities for 2008:
    During the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Company issued 93,794,766 shares of the Company’s common stock for services valued on the date of issuance at $4,954,000. This amount was recorded as prepaid expenses.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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VIASPACE INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Description of Business — VIASPACE Inc. (“we”, “us”, “VIASPACE”, or the “Company”) is dedicated to commercializing proven space and defense technologies from NASA and the Department of Defense into hardware and software products. VIASPACE is developing these technologies into hardware and software products that we believe have the potential to fulfill high-growth market needs and solve today’s complex problems. The Company has expertise in energy/fuel cells, microelectronics, sensors and software for defense, homeland security and public safety, information and computational technology. VIASPACE has licensed patents, trade secrets, and software technology from California Institute of Technology (“Caltech”), which manages the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (“JPL”) for NASA. This technology was developed by scientists and engineers at JPL over the last decade and was funded by NASA and the Department of Defense. VIASPACE is working to leverage this large government research and development investment, made originally for space and defense applications into commercial products.
Company Background and Merger — On June 22, 2005, ViaSpace Technologies LLC (“ViaSpace LLC”) acquired the non-operating shell company of Global-Wide Publication Ltd. (“GW”). GW was incorporated in the State of Nevada on July 14, 2003. Upon the date of the merger, GW was renamed VIASPACE Inc. The transaction was accounted for as a reverse merger and a recapitalization of the Company.
ViaSpace LLC was founded in July 1998 with the objective of transforming proven space and defense technologies from NASA and the Department of Defense into hardware and software solutions that have the potential to solve today’s complex problems. ViaSpace LLC benefits from important patent and software licenses from Caltech, which manages NASA’s JPL, and from relationships with research laboratories, universities, and other organizations within the advanced technology community.
Pursuant to the reverse merger, on June 22, 2005:
    GW effected a 5 for 1 forward stock split (a 6 for 1 forward stock split was previously effected May 23, 2005);
 
    The members of ViaSpace LLC were issued an aggregate of 226,800,000 post-split shares of GW common stock in exchange for their membership interests in ViaSpace LLC at a rate of 5.4 common shares of GW in exchange for each membership unit. All pre-merger activity has been retroactively adjusted and presented to account for this exchange;
 
    A total of 54,000,000 post-split shares (1,800,000 shares on a pre-split basis) of the Company’s common stock were held by the pre-existing GW shareholders as of the date of the Merger.
Prior to ViaSpace LLC acquiring the non-operating shell of GW:
    On September 30, 2003, GW acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Marco Polo World News Inc. (“MPW”), a British Columbia, Canada corporation that was engaged in the production and distribution of an ethnic bilingual (English/Italian) weekly newspaper called “Marco Polo”, in consideration of 63,000,000 restricted shares on a post-split basis (2,100,000 shares on a pre-split basis) of GW’s common stock issued to MPW’s sole shareholder, Mr. Rino Vultaggio, who became a director and officer of GW. As a result of the transaction, MPW became a wholly owned subsidiary of GW.
 
    On May 19, 2005, GW entered into a Share Purchase Agreement with Mr. Robert Hoegler, a former director and officer of GW, pursuant to which, upon the closing of the Merger, GW purchased 72,000,000 shares on a post-split basis (2,400,000 shares on a pre-split basis) of the Company’s common stock for $24,000.
 
    In addition, on May 19, 2005, GW entered into an Acquisition Agreement with Mr. Rino Vultaggio, pursuant to which, upon the closing of the Merger, GW sold 100% of its interest in MPW to Mr. Vultaggio in exchange for 63,000,000 shares on a post-split basis (2,100,000 shares on a pre-split basis) of Company Common Stock. Thus, as of June 22, 2005, GW no longer had any ongoing operations related to MPW, or any newspaper publication business.

 

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Basis of Presentation — The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, the unaudited financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB, for the year ended December 31, 2007. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been reflected in these interim financial statements. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation. Certain reclassifications have been made to the March 31, 2007 consolidated financial statements in order to conform to the March 31, 2008 consolidated financial statement presentation.
Principles of Consolidation — The Company is generally a founding shareholder of its affiliated companies, which are accounted for under the consolidation method. Affiliated companies Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Corporation (“DMFCC”), VIASPACE Security, Inc. (“VIASPACE Security”), Ionfinity LLC (“Ionfinity”) and Concentric Water Technology LLC (“Concentric Water”), in which the Company owns, directly or indirectly, a controlling voting interest, are accounted for under the consolidation method of accounting. Under this method, an affiliated company’s results of operations are reflected within the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. Transactions between the Company and its consolidated affiliated companies are eliminated in consolidation. The Company also has a controlling interest in eCARmerce, Inc. (“eCARmerce”), an inactive company that holds patents in the areas of interactive radio technology. The Company has adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 141, “Business Combinations”, which requires use of the purchase method for all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001.
Fiscal Year End — The Company’s fiscal year ends December 31.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Financial Statements — The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents — The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments, purchased with an original maturity of three months or less, to be cash equivalents.
Concentration of Credit Risk The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents. The Company maintains all of its cash accounts with high credit quality institutions. Such balances with any one institution may exceed FDIC insured limits.
Accounts Receivable Allowance for Doubtful Accounts — The allowance for doubtful accounts relates to specifically identified receivables that are evaluated individually for collectability. We determine a receivable is uncollectible when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect amounts due according to the original contractual terms of the receivable agreement, without regard to any subsequent restructurings. Factors considered in assessing collectability include, but are not limited to, a customer’s extended delinquency, requests for restructuring and filings for bankruptcy.
Marketable Securities — The Company accounts for marketable securities in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities” (“SFAS No. 115”). SFAS No. 115 provides accounting and disclosure guidance for investments in equity securities that have readily determinable fair values and all debt securities. SFAS No. 115 applies to marketable equity securities and all debt securities, carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of related deferred tax effect, and requires that they be reported as an item of other comprehensive income. At March 31, 2008, all of the Company’s marketable securities are available for sale.
Inventory — Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the average cost method. Market is determined using net realizable value. The Company writes down its inventory for estimated obsolescence, excess quantities and other factors in evaluating net realizable value. Inventory includes material, direct labor and related manufacturing overhead. At March 31, 2008, inventory of $47,000 included the following components: Raw Materials - $42,000, Work-in-process — $ 0, and Finished Goods — $5,000. At December 31, 2007, inventory of $43,000 included the following components: Raw Materials — $34,000, Work-in-process — $ 0, and Finished Goods — $9,000.

 

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Property and Equipment — Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided for using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets, which range from three to seven years.
Intangible Assets — The Company’s intangible assets consist of, among other things, (1) licenses to patents that are being amortized over periods through the expiration date of the patents (up to twenty years); (2) software application code that is being amortized over three years; and (3) software licenses with an estimated useful life of five years. All intangible assets are subject to impairment tests on an annual or periodic basis. The impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss in an amount equal to that excess is recognized. Amortizing intangibles are currently evaluated for impairment using the methodology set forth in SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.”
Impairment of Long-lived Assets — The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may no longer be recoverable. If the estimated future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) from the use of an asset are less than the carrying value, a write-down would be recorded to reduce the related asset to its estimated fair value. For purposes of estimating future cash flows from impaired assets, the Company groups assets at the lowest level from which there is identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flow of other groups of assets. There have been no impairment charges recorded by the Company.
Minority Interest in Subsidiaries — Minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries represents the minority stockholders’ proportionate share of equity of DMFCC and Ionfinity. The Company’s controlling interest requires that the results of these companies’ operations be included in the consolidated financial statements. The percentage of DMFCC and Ionfinity that is not owned by the Company is shown as “Minority Interest in Consolidated Subsidiaries” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Consolidated Balance Sheet. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company has recorded $500,000 as Preferred Shareholder Minority Interest representing an investment in DMFCC by a minority shareholder. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company has recorded $53,000 and $55,000, respectively, representing Common Shareholder Minority Interest in Ionfinity.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments — The recorded value of accounts receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values based on their short-term nature. The recorded values of long-term debt and liabilities approximate fair value.
Income Taxes — Effective January 1, 2007, we adopted Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes — an Interpretation of SFAS No. 109 (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”. We utilize a recognition threshold and measurement attributes for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Deferred income taxes are provided using the liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of the changes in tax laws and rates of the date of enactment. When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheet along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits are classified as additional income taxes in the statement of operations. FIN 48 prescribes a comprehensive model for how a company should recognize, measure, present, and disclose in its financial statements, uncertain tax positions that it has taken or expects to take on a tax return. This Interpretation requires that a company recognize in its financial statements the impact of tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold, based on the technical merits of the position.

 

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Revenue Recognition Product Revenue. VIASPACE has generated revenues to date on product revenue shipments. DMFCC has recognized product revenue in past years. In accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, “Revenue Recognition” (“SAB No. 104”), VIASPACE and DMFCC recognize product revenue provided that (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (2) delivery to the customer has occurred, (3) the selling price is fixed or determinable and (4) collection is reasonably assured. Delivery is considered to have occurred when title and risk of loss have transferred to the customer. The price is considered fixed or determinable when it is not subject to refund or adjustments. Our standard shipping terms are freight on board shipping point. If the Company ships product whereby a customer has a right of return or review period, the Company does not recognize revenue until the right of return or review period has lapsed. Prior to the period lapsing, this revenue would be recorded as deferred revenue on the Company’s Balance Sheet.
Product Development Revenue on Fixed-Price Contracts With Milestone Values Defined. Ionfinity has generated revenues to date on fixed-price contracts for government contracts. These contracts have clear milestones and deliverables with distinct values assigned to each milestone. The government is not obligated to pay Ionfinity the complete value of the contract and can cancel the contract if the Company fails to meet a milestone. Although the government can cancel the contract if a milestone is not met, the Company is not required to refund any payments for prior milestones that have been approved and paid by the government. The milestones do not require the delivery of multiple elements as noted in Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue 00-21 “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables” (“EITF No. 00-21”). In accordance with SAB No. 104, the Company treats each milestone as an individual revenue agreement and only recognizes revenue for each milestone when all the conditions of SAB 104 defined earlier are met.
Product Development Revenue on Fixed-Price Contracts. In 2007, VIASPACE Security generated revenues on fixed-price service contracts with private entities and has recognized revenues using the proportional performance method of accounting. Sales and profits on each fixed-price service contract are recorded based on the ratio of actual cumulative costs incurred to the total estimated costs at completion of contract multiplied by the total estimated contract revenue, less cumulative sales recognized in prior periods (the ''inputs’’ method). A single estimated total profit margin is used to recognize profit for each contract over its entire period of performance, which can exceed one year. Losses on contracts are recognized in the period in which they are determined. The impact of revisions of contract estimates, which may result from contract modifications, performance or other reasons, are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions are made. Differences between the timing of billings and the recognition of revenue are recorded as revenue in excess of billings or deferred revenue. VIASPACE Security has not recognized any revenue in 2008.
Stock Based Compensation VIASPACE and DMFCC have stock-based compensation plans. Effective with VIASPACE and DMFCC’s fiscal year that began January 1, 2006, the Company has adopted the accounting and disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payments” (“SFAS No. 123(R)”) using the modified prospective application transition method. The Company accounts for equity instruments issued to consultants and vendors in exchange for goods and services in accordance with the provisions of EITF Issue No. 96-18, “Accounting for Equity Instruments that are Issued to Other than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling Goods or Services”, and EITF Issue No. 00-18, “Accounting Recognition for Certain Transactions Involving Equity Instruments Granted to Other than Employees”. The measurement date for the fair value of the equity instruments issued is determined at the earlier of (i) the date at which a commitment for performance by the consultant or vendor is reached or (ii) the date at which the consultant or vendor’s performance is complete. In the case of equity instruments issued to consultants, the fair value of the equity instrument is recognized over the term of the consulting agreement. In accordance with EITF Issue No. 00-18, an asset acquired in exchange for the issuance of fully vested, non-forfeitable equity instruments should not be presented or classified as an offset to equity on the grantor’s balance sheet once the equity instrument is granted for accounting purposes. Accordingly, the Company records the fair value of the fully vested, non-forfeitable common stock issued for future consulting services as prepaid expenses in its consolidated balance sheet.
Net Income (Loss) Per Share — The Company computes net loss per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, “Earnings per Share” (SFAS No. 128”) and Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 98 (“SAB No. 98”). Under the provisions of SFAS No. 128 and SAB No. 98, basic and diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss available to common stockholders for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.
Research and Development — The Company charges research and development expenses to operations as incurred.
NOTE 2 — ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Accounts receivable are comprised of the following at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively:
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (Unaudited)          
 
               
U.S. Government customers
  $ 9,000     $ 21,000  
Commercial customers
    117,000       87,000  
 
           
Total accounts receivable
    126,000       108,000  
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts
           
 
           
Accounts receivable, net
  $ 126,000     $ 108,000  
 
           

 

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NOTE 3 — PREPAID EXPENSES
On February 28, 2008, the Company and E2 Corp. (“E2”) entered into a one-year Service and Support Agreement (the “E2 Agreement”) whereby E2 will provide administrative support, engineering, research and development and project management services as requested by the Company on a monthly basis. The Company will be outsourcing a portion of its personnel to E2 effective March 1, 2008. In consideration of performance of such services, the Company shall pay E2 an amount including direct costs, allocable overhead and a fee equal to the sum of the direct costs and allocable overhead times fifteen percent (15%). Within ten days of the agreement date, the Company agreed to pay E2 an amount equal to a nine month cost estimate of $1,080,000 as a retainer. The Company paid the retainer of $1,080,000 in 16,875,000 shares of the Company’s common stock registered under an existing registration statement on Form S-3. In addition, on March 31, 2008, the Company increased the retainer by $242,925 and issued an additional 4,858,500 common shares to E2. The Company agreed to pay all Monthly Invoices in cash or shares of the Company’ common stock, or in some combination, at the Company’s option. The value of the E2 retainer is $1,181,890 which amount is included in prepaid expenses, as explained in the stock based compensation accounting policy in Note 1, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2008.
On February 28, 2008, the Company and ASG Support Group, Inc. (“ASG”) entered into a one-year Service and Support Agreement (the “ASG Agreement”) whereby ASG will provide administrative support, engineering, research and development and project management services as requested by the Company on a monthly basis. The Company will be outsourcing a portion of its personnel to ASG effective March 1, 2008. In consideration of performance of such services, the Company shall pay ASG an amount including direct costs, allocable overhead and a fee equal to the sum of the direct costs and allocable overhead times ten percent (10%). Within ten days of the agreement date, the Company agreed to pay ASG an amount equal to a nine month cost estimate of $612,000 as a retainer. The Company paid the retainer of $612,000 in 9,562,500 unregistered shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company agreed to pay all Monthly Invoices in cash or shares of the Company’ common stock, or in some combination, at the Company’s option. The value of the ASG retainer is $440,421 which amount is included in prepaid expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2008.
In addition to E2 and ASG, during the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Company has entered into agreements with certain of its consultants and vendors whereby the Company issued shares of the Company’s common stock registered under an existing registration statement on Form S-3 in exchange for services to be provided to the Company. The remaining value of these agreements is $2,779,664, which is included in prepaid expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2008.
NOTE 4 — FIXED ASSETS
Fixed assets are comprised of the following at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively:
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (Unaudited)          
 
               
Computer equipment and software
  $ 225,000     $ 223,000  
Lab equipment
    15,000       15,000  
Furniture and fixtures
    68,000       68,000  
Leasehold improvements
    26,000       26,000  
 
           
Total property and equipment
    334,000       332,000  
Less: Accumulated depreciation
    195,000       177,000  
 
           
Fixed assets, net
  $ 139,000     $ 155,000  
 
           
Depreciation expense was $18,000 and $17,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
NOTE 5 — MARKETABLE SECURITIES
Cantronic Systems Inc.
At December 31, 2007, the Company has rights to 366,719 shares of Cantronic Systems Inc. (“Cantronic”) that were subject to time restrictions that expired on March 18, 2008 and the shares were released to the Company. As of March 31, 2008, the fair market value of these shares was $86,000. Of the total shares in Cantronic that the Company currently owns, Caltech is entitled to receive 198,869 shares as part of a prior agreement. The fair market value of these shares owed to Caltech is $47,000 at March 31, 2008 and included this amount in accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheet.

 

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NOTE 6 — INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible asset balances are comprised of the following at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively:
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (Unaudited)          
 
               
Amortized intangible assets, gross:
               
License to patent
  $ 380,000     $ 380,000  
Software code and licenses to software
    35,000       35,000  
 
           
Total intangible assets, gross
    415,000       415,000  
Less: Accumulated amortization
    204,000       198,000  
 
           
Total intangible assets, net
  $ 211,000     $ 217,000  
 
           
Amortization expense was $6,000 and $8,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The anticipated annual amortization of intangible assets for each of the five fiscal years subsequent to December 31, 2007 and thereafter is as follows:
                         
            Software        
            Code and        
    License to     Licenses to        
Year   Patent     Software     Total  
 
                       
2008
  $ 17,000     $ 5,000     $ 22,000  
2009
    17,000       5,000       22,000  
2010
    17,000       4,000       21,000  
2011
    17,000             17,000  
2012
    17,000             17,000  
Thereafter
    118,000             118,000  
 
                 
Total
  $ 203,000     $ 14,000     $ 217,000  
 
                 
NOTE 7 — OWNERSHIP INTEREST IN AFFILIATED COMPANIES
DMFCC. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company owned 71.4% of the outstanding shares of DMFCC.
VIASPACE Security. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company owned 100% of the outstanding shares of VIASPACE Security.
Ionfinity. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company owned 46.3% of the outstanding membership interests of Ionfinity. The Company has two seats on Ionfinity’s board of managers out of four total seats. The Company provides management and accounting services for Ionfinity, and Dr. Carl Kukkonen, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, acts as principal investigator on several of Ionfinity’s government contracts. The Company also acts as tax partner for Ionfinity for income tax purposes. Due to these factors, Ionfinity is considered economically and organizationally dependent on the Company and as such is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company. The minority interest held by other members is disclosed separately in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
eCARmerce. As of December 31, 2007, the Company owned 73.9% of the outstanding shares of eCARmerce. During 2007, eCARmerce sold its patents and patent applications to Viatech Communication LLC for net proceeds of approximately $325,000, of which the Company received $240,000 of net proceeds based on its ownership interest in eCARmerce. The Company retained a worldwide, non-exclusive license under the patents. The sale of patents and patent applications represents the sale of all assets owned by eCARmerce. The Company filed to dissolve eCARmerce in March 2008.
Concentric Water. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company owned 100% of the membership interests of Concentric Water.

 

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NOTE 8 — STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS
VIASPACE Inc. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan
On October 20, 2005, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of the Company adopted the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) including the 2005 Non-Employee Director Option Program (the “2005 Director Plan”). The Plan was also approved by the holders of a majority of the Company’s common stock. The Plan originally provided for the reservation for issuance under the Plan of 28,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. On February 14, 2008, the Board and the holders of a majority of the Company’s common stock approved an amendment to the Plan which increases the maximum aggregate number of shares which may be issued in the Plan to 99,000,000 shares. In addition, effective January 1, 2009 and each January 1 thereafter during the term of the Plan, the maximum aggregate number of shares under the Plan are to be increased so that the maximum aggregate number of shares is equivalent to 30% of the total number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of the close of business on the immediately preceding December 31. The Company filed a Form S-8 Registration Statement with the SEC on April 30, 2008 registering an additional 71,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock under the Plan. Previously, on July 12, 2006, the Company filed an S-8 Registration Statement with the SEC registering 28,000,000 shares.
The Plan is designed to provide additional incentive to employees, directors and consultants of the Company through the awarding of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and other awards. On February 13, 2006, the Board approved the 2006 Non-Employee Director Option Program (the “2006 Director Plan”) replacing the 2005 Director Plan and the 2006 Director Plan was approved by the holders of a majority of the Company’s common stock. The 2006 Director Plan awards a one-time grant of 125,000 options, or such other number of options as determined by the Board of Directors as plan administrator of the 2006 Director Plan, to newly appointed outside members of the Company’s Board and annual grants of 50,000 options, or such other number of options as determined by the Board of Directors, to outside members of the Board that have served at least six months.
The Company’s Board administers the Plan, selects the individuals to whom options will be granted, determines the number of options to be granted, and the term and exercise price of each option. Stock options granted pursuant to the terms of the Plans generally cannot be granted with an exercise price of less than 100% of the fair market value on the date of the grant. The term of the options granted under the Plan cannot be greater than 10 years. Options to employees and directors vest generally over four years. An aggregate of 76,055,000 shares were available for future grant at March 31, 2008. During the period ended March 31, 2008, the Company granted 5,050,000 stock options to employees and advisory board members to purchase common shares with exercise prices of $0.039 per share. During this same period, 130,000 stock options were cancelled due to employees terminating employment with the Company.
For the period ended March 31, 2008, the Company issued 1,830,326 shares of common stock under the Plan to employees and consultants for services provided to the Company. The common stock issued in these instances under the Plan had no restrictions or holding period required. The stock compensation expense recorded relating to all of these share issuances was based on fair market value on the date of grant and totaled $201,000 for the period ended March 31, 2008.
On January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123(R), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors based on estimated fair values using the modified prospective transition method. SFAS No. 123(R) requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards to employees and directors on the date of grant using an option pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite services periods on a straight-line basis in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R), the Company accounted for stock-based awards to employees and directors using the intrinsic value method in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 as allowed under SFAS No. 123.
The Company has elected to adopt the detailed method provided in SFAS No. 123(R) for calculating the beginning balance of the additional paid-in capital pool (“APIC pool”) related to the tax effects of employee stock-based compensation, and to determine the subsequent impact on the APIC pool and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows of the income tax effects of employee stock-based compensation awards that are outstanding upon the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R).

 

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The fair value of each stock option granted is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model has assumptions for risk free interest rates, dividends, stock volatility and expected life of an option grant. The risk free interest rate is based upon market yields for United States Treasury debt securities at a maturity near the term remaining on the option. Dividend rates are based on the Company’s dividend history. The stock volatility factor is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price. The expected life of an option grant is based on management’s estimate as no options have been exercised in the Plan to date. The Company has calculated a forfeiture rate for employees and directors based on historical information. A forfeiture rate of 0% is used for options granted to consultants. The fair value of each option grant to employees, directors and consultants is calculated by the Black-Scholes method and is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of each stock option award. For stock options issued, including those issued to employees, directors , consultants and advisory board members during the period ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, the fair value was estimated at the date of grant using the following range of assumptions:
         
    March 31,   March 31,
    2008   2007
    (Unaudited)   (Unaudited)
Risk free interest rate
  3.28%   4.58% – 4.84%
Dividends
  0%   0%
Volatility factor
  118.81%   121.45% – 125.13%
Expected life
  6.67 years   6.67 years
Annual forfeiture rate
  0% – 4%   0% – 6%
Employee and Director Option Grants
The following table summarizes activity for employees and directors in the Company’s Plan for the period ended March 31, 2008:
                                 
            Weighted-     Weighted-        
            Average     Average        
            Exercise     Remaining     Aggregate  
    Number of     Price Per     Contractual     Intrinsic  
    Shares     Share     Term In Years     Value  
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2007
    10,407,000     $ 0.08                  
Granted
    5,050,000       0.039                  
Exercised
                           
Reclassified to consultant options
    (1,457,000 )     0.07                  
Forfeited
    (130,000 )     0.08                  
 
                           
Outstanding at March 31, 2008
    13,870,000     $ 0.06       8.9     $ 52,500  
 
                       
Exercisable at March 31, 2008
    3,162,708     $ 0.08       8.3     $  
 
                       
Effective March 1, 2008, certain employees of the Company were terminated and were hired by a subcontractor of the Company. Since these former employees continue to provide consulting services to the Company while employed by the subcontractor, the stock options previously granted to these employees will continue to vest. However, since these individuals are no longer employees of the Company, the stock option type will change from being an incentive stock option to being a non-qualifying stock option. As such, as of March 31, 2008, stock options totaling 1,457,000 shares have been reclassified from the “Employee and Director Option Grants” table to the “Consultant Option Grants” table as shown in the table above.
The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted to employees and directors for the period ended March 31, 2008 was $0.039 per share. The Company recorded $529,000 of compensation expense for employee and director stock options during the period ended March 31, 2008. At March 31, 2008, there was a total of $8,841,000 of unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements under the Plan that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately three years. At March 31, 2008, the fair value of options vested for employees and directors was $15,700. There were no options exercised during 2008.

 

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Consultant Option Grants
The following table summarizes activity for consultants in the Company’s Plan for the period ended March 31, 2008:
                                 
            Weighted-     Weighted-        
            Average     Average        
            Exercise     Remaining     Aggregate  
    Number of     Price Per     Contractual     Intrinsic  
    Shares     Share     Term In Years     Value  
 
                               
Outstanding at December 31, 2007
    1,109,000     $ 0.28                  
Granted
                           
Exercised
                           
Reclassified from employee options
    1,457,000       0.07                  
Forfeited
                           
 
                           
Outstanding at March 31, 2008
    2,566,000     $ 0.16       8.8     $  
 
                       
Exercisable at March 31, 2008
    809,802     $ 0.16       8.8     $  
 
                       
Effective March 1, 2008, certain employees of the Company were terminated and were hired by a subcontractor of the Company. Since these former employees continue to provide consulting services to the Company while employed by the subcontractor, the stock options previously granted to these employees will continue to vest. However, since these individuals are no longer employees of the Company, the stock option type will change from being an incentive stock option to being a non-qualifying stock option. As such, as of March 31, 2008, stock options totaling 1,457,000 shares have been reclassified from the “Employee and Director Option Grants” table to the “Consultant Option Grants” table as shown in the table above.
There were no stock options granted to consultants for the period ended March 31, 2008. The Company recorded $3,000 of compensation expense for consultant stock options during the period ended March 31, 2008. At March 31, 2008, there was a total of $56,000 of unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements under the Plan that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately three years. At March 31, 2008, the fair value of options vested for consultants was $40,000. There were no options exercised during 2008.
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Corporation 2002 Stock Option / Stock Issuance Plan
DMFCC formed a stock-based compensation plan in 2002 entitled the 2002 Stock Option / Stock Issuance Plan (the “DMFCC Option Plan”) that reserved 2,000,000 shares of DMFCC common stock for issuance to employees, non-employee members of the board of directors of DMFCC, board members of its parent company, consultants, and other independent advisors. As of March 31, 2008, options to purchase 1,396,000 shares of DMFCC common stock were outstanding and 604,000 shares remained available for grant under the DMFCC Option Plan. Of these outstanding options, 1,030,000 are incentive stock options issued to employees and 366,000 are non-statutory stock options issued to consultants. During the period ended March 31, 2008, DMFCC issued no stock options.
DMFCC uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair market value of each option granted. The Black-Scholes option pricing model includes assumptions for risk free interest rates, dividends, stock volatility and expected life of an option grant. For stock options that are issued, the fair value of each option grant is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of each stock option award.
The following table summarizes activity in the DMFCC Option Plan for the period ended March 31, 2008:
                                 
            Weighted-     Weighted-        
            Average     Average        
            Exercise     Remaining     Aggregate  
    Number of     Price Per     Contractual     Intrinsic  
    Shares     Share     Term In Years     Value  
 
                               
Outstanding at December 31, 2006
    1,396,000     $ .02                  
Granted
                           
Exercised
                           
Forfeited
                           
 
                           
Outstanding at March 31, 2008
    1,396,000     $ .02       6.4     $ 185,000  
 
                       
Exercisable at March 31, 2008
    1,354,604     $ .02       6.4     $ 180,000  
 
                       
DMFCC recorded zero stock option compensation expense for the period ended March 31, 2008 and less that $1,000 for the period ended March 31, 2007. There were no options exercised during 2008.

 

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Warrants to Cornell and Gilford
On November 2, 2006, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) with Cornell Capital Partners, LP (“Cornell”), a Delaware limited partnership (the “Buyer” and together with the Company, the “Parties”). We agreed to issue and sell to the Buyer $3,800,000 principal amount of secured convertible debentures (the “Debentures”) in three tranches, which were to be convertible into shares of our common stock. In connection with the SPA, we also issued to the Buyer (1) a warrant to purchase 1,500,000 shares of our common stock for a period of five years at an exercise price of $0.50 per share; (2) a warrant to purchase 2,000,000 shares of our common stock for a period of five years at an exercise price of $0.60 per share; (3) a warrant to purchase 885,000 shares of our common stock for a period of five years at an exercise price of $0.75 per share; (4) a warrant to purchase 790,000 shares of our common stock for a period of five years at an exercise price of $0.95 per share; and (5) a warrant to purchase 600,000 shares of our common stock for a period of five years at an exercise price of $1.15 per share (collectively, the “Cornell Warrants”). Pursuant to an engagement letter we entered into with Gilford Securities Incorporated (“Gilford”) relating to the Debentures, we issued to Gilford warrants to purchase up to 506,666 shares of our restricted unregistered common stock at $0.60 per share (the “Gilford Warrants”).
On March 8, 2007, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “New SPA”) with Cornell in order to restructure the original deal. We issued and sold to Cornell, 5,175,000 Class A Units and 600,000 Class B Units for an aggregate purchase price of $3,690,000, which includes the conversion of the Debentures of the Company held by the Buyer in an aggregate amount of $2,700,000 and cash in the amount of $990,000. Each Class A Unit is comprised of 2.2609 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, and one (1) Class A Warrant to purchase one (1) share of common stock at an exercise price of $0.30. Each Class B Unit is comprised of one (1) share of common stock, and one (1) Class B Warrant to purchase one (1) share of common stock at an exercise price of $0.40. The Warrants are exercisable for 5 years from their dates of issuance.
The delivery of the Class A and Class B Warrants pursuant to the New SPA, was satisfied by amending the exercise price of the 5,775,000 warrants to purchase common stock issued by the Company to Cornell in connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement dated November 2, 2006, and the delivery of 850,592 shares of common stock was satisfied by an issuance of 850,592 shares of common stock that was made to the Buyer in November 2006. Additional shares of common stock totaling 11,449,408 shares were issued to Cornell on March 8, 2007. Total common shares to be issued to Cornell in connection with the New SPA was 12,300,000 shares. On March 8, 2007, the Company received net proceeds of $910,800 related to the New SPA, which reflects a placement fee of 8% of the proceeds.
In connection with the New SPA, we also amended the exercise price of an aggregate of 5,775,000 warrants to purchase common stock that are held by Cornell. Such warrants were amended as follows: the exercise price of 1,500,000 of the warrants was amended from $0.50 to $0.30; the exercise price of 2,000,000 of the warrants was amended from $0.60 to $0.30; the exercise price of 885,000 of the warrants was amended from $0.75 to $0.30; the exercise price of 790,000 of the warrants was amended from $0.95 to $0.30, and the exercise price of 600,000 of the warrants was amended from $1.15 to $0.40.
Pursuant to an the engagement letter entered into with Gilford, in connection with the New SPA we paid a cash fee of 8% of the proceeds and issued additional warrants to Gilford to purchase up to 264,000 shares of common stock at $0.30 per share.
As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, the following is a table of warrants outstanding to Cornell and Gilford:
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (Unaudited)          
 
               
Cornell No. 1
          1,488,625  
Cornell No. 2
          2,000,000  
Cornell No. 3
          885,000  
Cornell No. 4
          790,000  
Cornell No. 5
          600,000  
Gilford No. 1
    200,000       200,000  
Gilford No. 2
    160,000       160,000  
Gilford No. 3
    264,000       264,000  
 
           
 
    624,000       6,387,625  
 
           
The above table represents the Company’s position as to the number of warrants outstanding. Cornell served a complaint against the Company on April 24, 2008 claiming that they are entitled to additional warrants at a price lower than the revised exercise price of the warrants that was established on March 7, 2007. This dispute was previously discussed in the Company’s Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2007. Cornell claims that they are entitled to additional warrants. Cornell has claimed that when the Company sold shares of common stock at prices below their exercise price, then they are entitled to a reset in the exercise price and the number of warrants. The Company’s position is that the subsequent sales of common stock entered into by the Company were non-qualified sales and thus Cornell is not entitled to a reset in the number of warrants or the exercise price of the warrants.

 

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Cornell exercised 22,173 warrants on January 9, 2008 and sent $1,000 to the Company. On January 15, 2008, Cornell exercised 5,741,452 warrants and sent $258,939 to the Company. The Company’s opinion is that Cornell still owes the Company $1,531,500 since Cornell did not remit to the Company the proper exercise price for the warrants. The Company expects to respond to the complaint in May 2008.
NOTE 9 — OTHER LONG-TERM DEBT
Loans
Rhino Steel Manufacturing Ltd.
On September 10, 2007, the Company issued a Promissory Note (the “Rhino Note”) to Rhino Steel Manufacturing Ltd., company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, and a shareholder of the Company, in the aggregate principal amount of $250,000. The Rhino Note is due and payable on the earlier of (a) December 10, 2007 (the “Maturity Date”) or (b) the occurrence of an Event of Default as defined in the Rhino Note, provided, however, that the Rhino Note Holder at its option on or after the Maturity Date, may convert this Rhino Note into another three-month Rhino Note under the same terms and conditions as this Note. Interest shall accrue at a rate of ten percent (10%) per annum and shall not be due and payable until the earliest of (i) the Maturity Date or (ii) the occurrence of an Event of Default. The Company may voluntarily prepay this Rhino Note in whole or in part at any time and from time to time without penalty, together with interest accrued on the amount prepaid through the date of the prepayment. The Rhino Note is unsecured and does not encumber any assets of the Company.
The original due date of the Rhino Note was December 10, 2007. The due date of the Rhino Note was extended until July 10, 2009 after agreement by both parties. The Rhino Note is included in Long-Term Liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2008.
La Jolla Cove Investors, Inc.
On October 18, 2007, the Company issued a Promissory Note (the “LJC Note”) to La Jolla Cove Investors, Inc. (“La Jolla”) in the aggregate principal amount of $300,000. The LJC Note is due and payable on the earlier of (a) 60 days following the date of the issuance of the LJC Note, or (b) the occurrence of an Event of Default as defined in the LJC Note. Interest shall accrue at a rate of four and three-quarters percent (4.75%) per annum and shall be due and payable on the 15th day of each month following the month of issuance. The Company may voluntarily prepay the LJC Note in whole or in part at any time and from time to time without penalty, together with interest accrued on the amount prepaid through the date of the prepayment. The LJC Note is unsecured and does not encumber any assets of the Company.
Pursuant to the terms of the LJC Note, La Jolla was to fund, in exchange for the simultaneous issuance by the Company of promissory notes in the same form as this LJC Note, $300,000 upon each date that is 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after the date of issuance of this LJC Note (the “Additional Fundings”); provided however, that in the event that La Jolla does not fund the amounts associated with any or all of the Additional Fundings within 10 business days of the date such amounts would otherwise be due, La Jolla shall pay an amount equal to $50,000 (the “Non-Funding Penalty”) to the Company. Upon the payment of the Non-Funding Penalty to the Company, the La Jolla would have no further obligations or duties under this LJC Note or any promissory note associated with Additional Fundings, if any, provided however, that the Company shall remain obligated and bound by the terms and conditions of this LJC Note and the promissory notes issued in connection with any Additional Funding, if any, including without limitation any obligation to repay any sums delivered in connection with such promissory notes. The Company’s sole and exclusive remedy in the event that La Jolla fails to fund any or all of the Additional Fundings shall be the right of the Company to receive the Non-Funding Penalty from La Jolla. Each promissory note delivered in connection with an Additional Funding will have a maturity date that is 60 days from the date of issuance and will bear interest at a rate of four and three-quarters percent (4.75%) per annum.

 

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The Company has received $900,000 representing three payments on the LJC Note since it was issued. We received $300,000 each on October 18, 2007, November 20, 2007 and January 4, 2008. During 2007, the Company repaid $350,000 from the proceeds generated by the Company by selling shares of the Company’s common stock to La Jolla as discussed in Note 11. During 2008, the Company repaid $175,000 from the proceeds generated by the Company by selling shares of the Company’s common stock to La Jolla. During the period ended March 31, 2008, the Company also repaid La Jolla $150,000 in cash as a repayment on the LJC Note. As of March 31, 2008, the Company owes $225,000 to La Jolla which is shown in Current Liabilities on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet.
On March 25, 2008, La Jolla and the Company amended the LJC Note and entered into a Settlement Agreement and General Release (the “Settlement Agreement”). In exchange for La Jolla agreeing to extend the due date of the outstanding note balance and accrued interest until June 9, 2008, the Company agreed to waive the Non-Funding Penalty. La Jolla is under no further obligations to fund any additional amounts under the LJC Note.
Other Long-Term Debt
Concentric Water entered into a long-term debt agreement with the Community Development Commission in 2004 for $100,000, with an interest rate of 5%, monthly payments of $1,610, with the final payment due in September 2009. The loan was secured by the assets of Concentric Water.
VIASPACE Security entered into a long-term debt agreement with the Community Development Commission in 2004 for $50,000, with an interest rate of 5%, monthly payments of $1,151, with the final payment due in September 2009. The loan was secured by the assets of VIASPACE Security.
Summary of Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt is comprised of the following at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2006, respectively:
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (Unaudited)          
Community Development Commission of the County of Los Angeles, secured, with interest at 5% due July 1, 2009
  $ 18,000     $ 21,000  
Community Development Commission of the County of Los Angeles, secured, with interest at 5% due September 1, 2009
    46,000       50,000  
Rhino Steel Note, with interest at 10% due July 10, 2009
    250,000       250,000  
 
           
Total Long-term Debt
    314,000       321,000  
Less Current Portion
    31,000       30,000  
 
           
Net Long-term Debt
  $ 283,000     $ 291,000  
 
           
NOTE 10 — STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred Stock
As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the number of authorized shares of the Company’s preferred stock is 10,000,000 shares. The par value of the preferred stock is $0.001. There were zero shares outstanding of preferred stock as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.
Common Stock
As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock is 1,500,000,000 shares. The par value of the common stock is $0.001. Common stockholders are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters voted on by stockholders.

 

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There were 316,452,598 shares of common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2007. For the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Company issued 103,432,137 shares of common stock under the Plan to employees, consultants and vendors for services provided or to be provided to the Company. These share issuances were recorded based on fair market value on the date of grant. In addition, 5,763,625 shares were issued to Cornell related to their exercise of warrants. During 2008, the Company issued 3,822,556 shares to La Jolla representing fair market value of $175,000 which was used to repay the La Jolla Note discussed in Note 9. In addition, the Company issued 1,106,194 shares to a private investor for gross proceeds of $50,000. The Company issued 21,276,595 shares to the Company representing shares that were to be sold for the Company’s benefit under an existing Form S-3 Registration Statement. These shares are classified as treasury stock in the accompanying balance sheet. The Form S-3 Registration Statement expired on March 31, 2008, and 20,951,645 are to be returned to the company and voided. As of March 31, 2008, there were 451,853,705 shares of common stock outstanding.
NOTE 11 — INCOME TAX
On January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FIN 48. There were no unrecognized tax benefits as of January 1, 2007, the date FIN 48 was adopted. As such, there was no reduction to the deferred tax assets and corresponding reduction to the valuation allowance, which resulted in no net effect on accumulated deficit. If any unrecognized benefit would have been recognized, it would not affect the Company’s effective tax rate since the Company is currently subject to a full valuation allowance.
The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The Company has accrued zero for interest and penalties at March 31, 2008. As of the date of these financial statements, the 2006, 2005, and 2004 income tax years are open to the possibility of examination by federal, state, or local taxing authorities.
The Company did not record a provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2008 as a result of operating losses for the current fiscal year. The Company has recorded valuation allowances to fully reserve its deferred tax assets, as management believes it is more likely than not that these assets will not be realized. It is possible that management’s estimates as to the likelihood of realization of its deferred tax assets could change as a result of changes in estimated operating results. Should management conclude that it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets are, at least in part, realizable, the valuation allowance will be reduced and recognized as a deferred income tax benefit in the statement of operations in the period of change.
Note 12 — RETIREMENT PLAN
Effective March 1, 2006, the Board of Directors of the Company approved and established the VIASPACE Inc. 401(k) Plan (“401(k) Plan”). The 401(k) Plan covers employees of VIASPACE, DMFCC and VIASPACE Security. The 401(k) Plan allows employees to make employee contributions up to Internal Revenue Service limits. The Company does not offer an employer match of contributions at this time.
Note 13 — OPERATING SEGMENTS
The Company evaluates its reportable segments in accordance with SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information” (“SFAS No. 131”). For the period ended March 31, 2008, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Carl Kukkonen, was the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) pursuant to SFAS No. 131. The CODM allocates resources to the segments based on their business prospects, product development and engineering, and marketing and strategy.
The Company has four reportable segments that operate in distinct market areas. The Company’s reportable segments are represented by three separate subsidiaries of the Company in addition to the parent company VIASPACE Inc. The reportable segments include DMFCC, VIASPACE Security, Ionfinity and VIASPACE.
(i) DMFCC: DMFCC is a provider of disposable fuel cartridges and intellectual property protection for manufacturers of direct methanol and other liquid hydrocarbon fuel cells. Direct methanol fuel cells are replacements for traditional batteries and are expected to gain a substantial market share because they offer longer operating time as compared to current lithium ion batteries and may be instantaneously recharged by simply replacing the disposable fuel cartridge. Direct methanol fuel cell-based products are being developed for laptop computers, cell phones, music players and other applications by major manufacturers of portable electronics in Japan and Korea.

 

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(ii) VIASPACE Security: VIASPACE Security is developing products and services based on inference and sensor data fusion technology. Sensor fusion combines data, observations, and inferences derived from multiple sources and sensors to generate reliable decision-support information in critical applications where solution speed and confidence is of the utmost importance.
(iii) Ionfinity: Ionfinity is working on a next-generation mass spectrometry technology, which could significantly improve the application of mass spectrometry for industrial process control and environmental monitoring and could also spawn a new class of detection systems for homeland security.
(iv) VIASPACE: Under its VIASPACE Energy division established in 2007, VIASPACE is identifying and pursuing additional business opportunities in areas including fuel cell test equipment such as a relative humidity sensor, batteries and battery test equipment, alternative fuels, and new products to conserve energy and reduce emissions.
The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies (see Note 1 to these financial statements). The Company evaluates segment performance based on income (loss) from operations excluding infrequent and unusual items.
The amounts shown as “Corporate Administrative Costs” consist of unallocated corporate-level operating expenses. In addition, the Company does not allocate other income/expense, net to reportable segments.
Information on reportable segments for the periods ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 are shown below:
                 
    March 31,     March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (Unaudited)     (Unaudited)  
 
               
Revenues:
               
DMFCC
  $     $  
VIASPACE Security
          81,000  
Ionfinity
    9,000       135,000  
VIASPACE
    114,000       23,000  
 
           
Total Revenue
  $ 123,000     $ 239,000  
 
           
 
               
Income (Loss) From Operations:
               
DMFCC
  $ (313,000 )   $ (474,000 )
VIASPACE Security
    (357,000 )     (268,000 )
Ionfinity
    (4,000 )     11,000  
VIASPACE
    (259,000 )     (77,000 )
 
           
Loss From Operations by Reportable Segments
    (933,000 )     (808,000 )
Corporate Administrative Costs
    (782,000 )     (588,000 )
Corporate Stock Compensation and Warrant Expense
    (625,000 )     (625,000 )
 
           
Loss From Operations
  $ (2,340,000 )   $ (2,021,000 )
 
           
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (Unaudited)          
 
               
Assets:
               
DMFCC
  $ 239,000     $ 316,000  
VIASPACE Security
    48,000       120,000  
Ionfinity
    134,000       146,000  
VIASPACE / Corporate
    4,938,000       801,000  
 
           
Total Assets
  $ 5,359,000     $ 1,383,000  
 
           
For the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Company had three customers whose recognized revenues exceeded 10% of consolidated revenues. These included Tokai Bussan Co., Ltd. of $15,000 (12% of revenues), Battelle Pacific Northwest Division of $24,000 (20% of revenues) and a Japanese corporation of $34,000 (28% of revenues).

 

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NOTE 14 — NET LOSS PER SHARE
The Company computes net loss per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share” (“SFAS No. 128”). Under the provision of SFAS No. 128, basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted earnings would customarily include, if dilutive, potential shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants. The dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and warrants is reflected in earnings per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128 by application of the treasury stock method. For the periods presented, the computation of diluted loss per share equaled basic loss per share as the inclusion of any dilutive instruments would have had an antidilutive effect on the earnings per share calculation in the periods presented.
The following table sets forth common stock equivalents (potential common stock) for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 that are not included in the loss per share calculation since their effect would be anti-dilutive for the periods indicated:
                 
    March 31,     March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (Unaudited)     (Unaudited)  
 
               
Stock Options
    16,436,000       9,005,500  
Warrants
    624,000       7,399,000  
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively:
                 
    March 31,     March 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (Unaudited)     (Unaudited)  
Basic and diluted net loss per share:
               
Numerator:
               
Net loss attributable to common stock
  $ (2,326,000 )   $ (3,919,000 )
 
           
Denominator:
               
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding
    344,175,178       295,438,165  
 
           
Net loss per share of common stock, basic and diluted
  $ (0.01 )   $ (0.01 )
 
           
NOTE 15 — RELATED PARTIES
Other than as listed below, we have not been a party to any significant transactions, proposed transactions, or series of transactions, and in which, to our knowledge, any of our directors, officers, five percent beneficial security holders, or any member of the immediate family of the foregoing persons has had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.
Ionfinity has a consulting agreement with one of the minority owners and director of Ionfinity who has a 3.8% membership interest in Ionfinity to perform work on government contracts with the United States Navy, Air Force and Army. A second minority owner and director has a 47.9% membership interest in Ionfinity and was a consultant to Ionfinity prior to becoming an employee in 2006. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, $1,000 and $1,000, respectively, is included as a related party payable in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet related to amounts owed to these minority owners. For the three months March 31, 2008 and 2007, zero and $15,000, respectively, was billed by these two minority owners to Ionfinity for work performed on government contracts.
Certain intellectual property including patents, trademarks, website, artwork, domain names, software code, and trade secrets were purchased by Dr. Carl Kukkonen, Chief Executive Officer of the Company and Dr. Sandeep Gulati, a former director of the Company, for $20,000 in 2002 from a third party that handled a general assignment for the benefit of the creditors of ViaChange.com, Inc., a former majority-owned subsidiary of the Company. Dr. Kukkonen and Dr. Gulati subsequently sold this intellectual property to VIASPACE Security for $20,000 in 2002 ($10,000 each to Dr. Kukkonen and Dr. Gulati). Dr. Kukkonen was paid $10,000 in June 2006 and Dr. Gulati is expected to be paid in 2008. The $10,000 owed to Dr. Gulati is included in related party payable as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

 

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VIASPACE Security has included in accounts payable as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, an amount of $7,500 due to ViaLogy plc, a former related party, for consulting services performed by ViaLogy plc for VIASPACE Security. This amount is expected to be paid in 2008.
In October 2004, DMFCC entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Carl Kukkonen, Chief Executive Officer of the Company and of DMFCC. Under the agreement, Dr. Kukkonen is entitled to receive an annual base salary of $225,000 and a performance-based bonus of up to 25% of his base salary for the first three years of employment. In the event DMFCC terminates Dr. Kukkonen’s employment without cause, the agreement provides for severance payments to Dr. Kukkonen equal to $112,500. This agreement expires on October 15, 2008 and will be automatically renewed for one-year periods unless either party gives a termination notice not later than 90 days prior to the end of the term of the employment agreement.
At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, the Company has included as a related party payable $173,105 representing accrued salary and partner draw that was due to Dr. Kukkonen, CEO, and Mr. Amjad Abdallat, VP, by ViaSpace Technologies, LLC (“ViaSpace LLC”) prior to its merger with the Company on June 22, 2005. These amounts were accrued by ViaSpace LLC prior to December 31, 2002.
On October 31, 2006, the Company entered into a Consulting Agreement (the “Consulting Agreement”) with Denda Associates Co. Ltd. (“Denda Associates”). Pursuant to the Consulting Agreement, Denda Associates will provide the Company with consulting and business development expertise to assist the Company with expanding into the Japanese market. Denda Associates was founded by Mr. Nobuyuki Denda, who serves as its CEO and who also serves on the Board of Directors of the Company. The Consulting Agreement is for a term of one (1) year and will be automatically renewed for successive one (1) year terms unless either party notifies the other of their intent not to renew within sixty (60) prior to the expiration of the term. Denda Associates will be paid cash compensation of $6,667 per month plus commissions based on sales to certain customers approved by the Company and on sales of certain of the Company’s products. The commission rate is initially 5% until total commissions of $40,000, in the aggregate, has been received by Denda Associates, at which point the commission rate is reduced to 3%. In addition, bonuses in the form of restricted stock of the Company are available to Denda Associates if certain milestones are met within 12 months of the signing of the Consulting Agreement. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, zero is included as a related party payable in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
Note 16 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Employment Agreements
In October 2004, DMFCC entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Carl Kukkonen, Chief Executive Officer of the Company and DMFCC. Under the agreement, Dr. Kukkonen is entitled to receive an annual base salary of $225,000 and a performance-based bonus of up to 25% of his base salary for the first three years of employment. In the event DMFCC terminates Dr. Kukkonen’s employment without cause, the agreement provides for severance payments to Dr. Kukkonen equal to $112,500. This agreement expires on October 15, 2008 and will be automatically renewed for one-year periods unless either party gives a termination notice not later than 90 days prior to the end of the term of the employment agreement.
Royalty Commitments
VIASPACE Security has a nonexclusive software license agreement with Caltech for executable code and source code pertaining to Spacecraft Health Inference Engine (“SHINE”) whereby VIASPACE Security has agreed to pay Caltech royalties from the sale or licensing of software or license products related to SHINE. This SHINE agreement provides for the following minimum royalties to Caltech: $12,500 due September 28, 2008; $15,000 due September 28, 2009; $17,500 due September 28, 2010; and $20,000 due each year from September 28, 2011 to 2015.
VIASPACE Security also has a nonexclusive software license agreement with Caltech for executable code and source code pertaining to U-Hunter (unexploded ordnance detection using electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical sensors) and to MUDSS (mobile underwater debris survey system) whereby VIASPACE Security has agreed to pay Caltech royalties from the sale or licensing of software or license products related to U-Hunter and MUDSS. These agreements provide for a minimum royalty payment of $10,000 to be made annually beginning on June 19, 2007.
On March 15, 2006, VIASPACE entered an exclusive software license agreement for certain fields of use with Caltech for executable code and source code pertaining to SHINE. VIASPACE has agreed to pay Caltech royalties from the sale or licensing of software or license products related to the agreement. It provides for the following minimum royalties to Caltech: $25,000 due February 1, 2008 and every year thereafter.

 

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On March 2, 2007, VIASPACE entered a nonexclusive worldwide license agreement with Caltech for new software capabilities that should significantly enhance the functionality of its SHINE inference engine technology. The newly licensed Knowledge Base Editor is expected to enable VIASPACE to accelerate the development of SHINE-based applications tailored to meet the requirements of customers in the commercial, defense and homeland security sectors. VIASPACE has agreed to pay Caltech a license issue fee of $25,000, which will be paid in five installments of $5,000 each. The first installment was paid in May 2007. The next four installments are due on the anniversary dates of the agreement beginning on March 2, 2008. VIASPACE has the option of extending the term of the license by an additional eight years with an extension fee of $25,000 if such extension fee is paid prior to March 2, 2011.
Leases
Until April 30, 2006, the Company leased office and laboratory space on a month-to-month basis. On May 1, 2006, the Company relocated its office and laboratory space to a new location and entered into a five year lease. Future minimum lease payments due under this lease are as follows:
         
    Years Ended  
Fiscal Year   December 31,  
 
       
2008
  $ 134,000  
2009
    138,000  
2010
    142,000  
2011
    73,000  
 
     
Total minimum lease payments
  $ 487,000  
 
     
Rent expense charged to operations for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 was $31,000 and $33,000, respectively.
The annual installment of principal and interest on the notes payable owed to the Community Development Commission discussed in Note 8 for each of the five fiscal years subsequent to December 31, 2007 and thereafter are as follows:
                         
Fiscal Year   Principal     Interest     Total  
 
                       
2008
  $ 30,000     $ 3,000     $ 33,000  
2009
    41,000       1,000       42,000  
Thereafter
                 
 
                 
Total
  $ 71,000     $ 4,000     $ 75,000  
 
                 
Litigation
As discussed in Note 8, Cornell served a complaint against the Company on April 24, 2008 claiming that they are entitled to additional warrants at a price lower than the revised exercise price of the warrants that was established on March 7, 2007. This dispute was previously discussed in the Company’s Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2007. Cornell claims that they are entitled to additional warrants. Cornell has claimed that when the Company sold shares of common stock at prices below their exercise price, then they are entitled to a reset in the exercise price and the number of warrants. The Company’s position is that the subsequent sales of common stock entered into by the Company were non-qualified sales and thus Cornell is not entitled to a reset in the number of warrants or the exercise price of the warrants. The Company will respond to the complaint in May 2008.

 

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Note 17 — FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007), “Business Combinations.” SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007) changes how a reporting enterprise accounts for the acquisition of a business. SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007) requires an acquiring entity to recognize all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a transaction at the acquisition-date fair value, with limited exceptions, and applies to a wider range of transactions or events. SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007) is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008 and early adoption and retrospective application is prohibited.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements”, which is an amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin (“ARB”) No. 51. This statement clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements. This statement changes the way the consolidated income statement is presented, thus requiring consolidated net income to be reported at amounts that include the amounts attributable to both parent and the noncontrolling interest. This statement is effective for the fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Based on current conditions, the Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS 160 to have a significant impact on its results of operations or financial position.
Note 18 — GOING CONCERN
As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company has a net loss, negative cash flows from operations and a stockholders’ deficit which raises doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and fund cash requirements for operations through March 31, 2009. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded assets, or the amounts of and classification of liabilities that might be necessary in the event the Company is unable to continue in existence.

 

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION
The following discussion contains certain statements that constitute “forward-looking statements”. Such statements appear in a number of places in this Report, including, without limitation, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition or Plan of Operation.” These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and requirements that are difficult to predict or are beyond our control. Our future results may differ materially from those currently anticipated depending on a variety of factors, including those described below under “Risks Related to Our Future Operations” and our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The following should be read in conjunction with the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto that appear elsewhere in this report and in conjunction with our 2007 annual report on Form 10-KSB.
VIASPACE Overview
VIASPACE Inc. (“VIASPACE” or the “Company”) is dedicated to commercializing proven space and defense technologies from NASA and the Department of Defense into hardware and software products and applications. VIASPACE is developing these technologies into hardware and software products that we believe have the potential to fulfill high-growth market needs and solve today’s complex problems. The Company has expertise in energy/fuel cells, batteries, electronic test equipment, microelectronics, sensors and software in the alternate energy industry. The Company also has expertise in sensors and software for defense, homeland security, systems diagnostics and prognostics, sensor fusion, information and computational technology. VIASPACE has licensed patents, trade secrets, and software technology from California Institute of Technology (“Caltech”), which manages the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (“JPL”) for NASA. This technology was developed by scientists and engineers at JPL over the last decade and was funded by NASA and the Department of Defense. VIASPACE is working to leverage this large government research and development investment — made originally for space and defense applications — into commercial products.
The Company operates in two basic divisions, VIASPACE Energy, which includes its ownership in a majority-owned subsidiary Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Corporation (“DMFCC”), and VIASPACE Security Inc., formerly known as Arroyo Sciences, Inc. (“VIASPACE Security”). The Company also has a plurality stake in Ionfinity LLC (“Ionfinity”). As of March 31, 2008, the Company holds a 71.4% ownership interest in DMFCC, a 100% ownership interest in VIASPACE Security, and a 46.3% ownership interest in Ionfinity. The Company also owns 100% of Concentric Water Technology LLC (“Concentric Water”), an inactive company that plans to explore water technologies that could solve the technical and cost limitations of traditional water purification methods. As of December 31, 2007, the Company owned 73.9% of the outstanding shares of eCARmerce. During 2007, eCARmerce sold its patents and patent applications to Viatech Communication LLC for net proceeds of approximately $325,000, of which the Company received $240,000 of net proceeds based on its ownership interest in eCARmerce. The Company retained a worldwide, non-exclusive license under the patents. The sale of these patents and patent applications represented the sale of all assets owned by eCARmerce. The Company filed to dissolve eCARmerce in March 2008. The Company may also pursue future opportunities based on technologies licensed from Caltech and other organizations. The Company’s web site is www.VIASPACE.com.
Critical accounting policies and estimates
Financial Reporting Release No. 60, “Cautionary Advice Regarding Disclosure About Critical Accounting Policies” (“FRR60”) issued by the SEC, suggests that companies provide additional disclosure and commentary on those accounting policies considered most critical. FRR 60 considers an accounting policy to be critical if it is important to the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, and requires significant judgment and estimates on the part of management in its application. For a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies, including the critical accounting policies discussed below, see the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
The preparation of the Company’s financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, which are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The result of these evaluations forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amount of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions. The following accounting policies require significant management judgments and estimates:

 

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VIASPACE and DMFCC have generated revenues on product revenue shipments. In accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, “Revenue Recognition” (“SAB No. 104”), VIASPACE and DMFCC recognize product revenue provided that (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (2) delivery to the customer has occurred, (3) the selling price is fixed or determinable and (4) collection is reasonably assured. Delivery is considered to have occurred when title and risk of loss have transferred to the customer. The price is considered fixed or determinable when it is not subject to refund or adjustments. Our standard shipping terms are freight on board shipping point. If the Company ships product whereby a customer has a right of return or review period, the Company does not recognize revenue until the right of return or review period has lapsed. Prior to the period lapsing, this revenue would be recorded as deferred revenue on the Company’s Balance Sheet.
Ionfinity has generated revenues to date on fixed-price contracts for government contracts in 2008 and 2007. These contracts have clear milestones and deliverables with distinct values assigned to each milestone. The government is not obligated to pay Ionfinity the complete value of the contract and can cancel the contract if the Company fails to meet a milestone. The milestones do not require the delivery of multiple elements as noted in Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue No. 00-21 “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables” (“EITF No. 00-21”). In accordance with SAB No. 104, the Company treats each milestone as an individual revenue agreement and only recognizes revenue for each milestone when all the conditions of SAB No. 104 defined earlier are met.
VIASPACE Security has generated revenues to date on fixed-price service contracts with private entities and has recognized revenues using the proportional performance method of accounting in 2007 and 2006. Sales and profits on each fixed-price service contract are recorded based on the ratio of actual cumulative costs incurred to the total estimated costs at completion of contract multiplied by the total estimated contract revenue, less cumulative sales recognized in prior periods (the inputs method). A single estimated total profit margin is used to recognize profit for each contract over its entire period of performance, which can exceed one year. Losses on contracts are recognized in the period in which they are determined. The impact of revisions of contract estimates, which may result from contract modifications, performance or other reasons, are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions are made. Differences between the timing of billings and the recognition of revenue are recorded as revenue in excess of billings or deferred revenue.
The Company accounts for equity instruments issued to consultants and vendors in exchange for goods and services in accordance with the provisions of EITF Issue No. 96-18, “Accounting for Equity Instruments that are Issued to Other than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling Goods or Services”, and EITF Issue No. 00-18, “Accounting Recognition for Certain Transactions Involving Equity Instruments Granted to Other than Employees”. The measurement date for the fair value of the equity instruments issued is determined at the earlier of (i) the date at which a commitment for performance by the consultant or vendor is reached or (ii) the date at which the consultant or vendor’s performance is complete. In the case of equity instruments issued to consultants, the fair value of the equity instrument is recognized over the term of the consulting agreement. In accordance with EITF Issue No. 00-18, an asset acquired in exchange for the issuance of fully vested, non-forfeitable equity instruments should not be presented or classified as an offset to equity on the grantor’s balance sheet once the equity instrument is granted for accounting purposes. Accordingly, the Company records the fair value of the fully vested, non-forfeitable common stock issued for future consulting services as prepaid expenses in its consolidated balance sheet.
The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. There is no assurance that actual results will not differ from these estimates.
See footnotes in the accompanying financial statements regarding recent financial accounting developments.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to March 31, 2007
Results of Operations
Revenues
Revenues were $123,000 and $239,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, a decrease of $116,000. Ionfinity incurred lower revenues of $72,000 on its U.S. Government contracts due to the completion of these Phase I contracts. VIASPACE Security recorded a decrease in revenues of $135,000 as compared to the same period of 2007 due to the completion of a contract it has with L-3 Communications for the Advanced Container Security Device, or ACSD project, under a contract awarded to L-3 by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. VIASPACE recorded revenues in 2007 of $23,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and $114,000 for the same period in 2008, an increase of $91,000. The increase was due to increased sales of its ViaSensor HS-1000 humidity sensors as well as sales of a new battery tester which is a new product line.
Cost of Revenues
Costs of revenues were $60,000 and $203,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, a decrease of $143,000. An increase in cost of revenues related to VIASPACE’s humidity sensor and batter tester sales was offset by a decrease in cost of revenues at Ionfinity and VIASPACE Security as reduced labor, subcontractor and consulting costs were incurred due to lower recorded revenues.

 

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Research and Development
Research and development expenses were $575,000 and $391,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, an increase of $184,000. The increase relates primarily to an increase in consulting costs of $258,000 as the Company outsourced most of its engineering and research and development staff effective March 1, 2008. Due to this outsourcing, the Company payroll and payroll benefit costs decreased by $118,000 as certain employees were terminated.
Stock compensation expenses incurred by Company research and development employees and consultants increased by $59,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2008 as compared with the same period in 2007. Other research and development costs, net, decreased by $15,000 in 2008. We expect that research and development expenses will continue to increase in the future at VIASPACE, DMFCC and VIASPACE Security as we work to develop and commercialize products and explore new opportunities.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $1,828,000 and $1,666,000 for three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, an increase of $162,000. This is primarily due to higher stock compensation expense of $220,000 related to stock issued to employees and consultants in lieu of cash compensation. Stock compensation expense related to warrants decreased by $185,000 during 2008 as compared to 2007 as the warrant agreement with Synthetica expired on August 16, 2007. Stock option expense increased by $49,000 as additional stock options were granted to employees and advisory board members. Payroll related expenses decreased by $118,000 in 2008 as compared to 2007 due partially to the Company compensating employees with stock compensation in lieu of cash compensation and also due to the Company outsourcing certain of its selling, general and administrative staff effective March 1, 2008. The Company’s legal fees increased $51,000 due to increased costs associated with patent filing and financing efforts. Accounting fees decreased by $119,000 due to decreased audit and audit-related fees incurred. Investor and public relations’ costs increased by $220,000. Other selling, general and administrative expenses, net, increased by $44,000 during 2008. We expect selling, general and administrative expenses will continue to increase in the future as we seek to expand our business.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Interest Expense
Interest expense decreased by $3,499,000 from 2007 to 2008. As discussed in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements, on November 2, 2006, the Company entered into a convertible debenture arrangement, a standby equity distribution agreement, issued warrants to the buyer and its broker, and also offered the buyer an over allotment feature to obtain additional convertible debentures in the future. On March 8, 2007, the convertible debentures were converted to equity and certain of the other agreements were amended or terminated. In accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 21, the Company is required to accrete any debt discount up to the face value of the debentures and the debt discount is being accreted over the expected term of the debentures using the effective interest rate method. During 2007, the Company accreted $354,000 of this debt discount to interest expense. As of March 8, 2007, the balance of the debt discount was $2,096,000 and was reclassified to interest expense after conversion of the debentures to equity. Interest expense of $50,000 was recorded in 2007 related to the convertible debentures and was subsequently waived by Cornell on March 8, 2007 after the debentures were converted to equity. Transaction costs related to the issuance of the debentures was $57,000 and was charged to interest expense on March 8, 2007. In addition, Cornell was issued additional shares of common stock. The fair value of the consideration issued including the modification to the prices of the warrants and the issuance of additional shares of common stock in excess of the fair value of the consideration of the cash investments, forgiveness of interest and cancellation of embedded derivatives, resulted in an inducement of $953,000 which was recorded as interest expense in Statement of Operations for the period ended March 31, 2007, in accordance with SFAS No. 84 “Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt”. Other interest expense decreased by $11,000 in 2008 as compared to the same period of 2007.
Adjustment to the Fair Value of Derivatives
The adjustment to the fair value of derivatives represents a total income adjustment of $1,383,000 in 2007 and zero in 2008, or a decrease of $1,383,000. The adjustment to the fair value of warrants recorded as a derivative liability is an income adjustment of $611,000 in 2007. The adjustment to the fair value of the derivatives related to the conversion feature of the convertible debentures is an income adjustment of $756,000 in 2007. In addition, due to the derivative nature of the convertible debentures, the Company was required to account for its stock options with consultants as derivative liabilities, and accordingly, for the period ended March 31, 2007, made an in adjustment to the fair value of derivatives of $16,000. The total of these adjustments to the fair value of derivatives was $1,383,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2007. There was no such adjustment necessary in 2008.

 

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Interest Income
Interest income decreased $14,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 in comparison to the same period in 2007 as the Company has maintained lower cash balances in 2008.
Gain on Sale of Marketable Securities
During the three months ended March 31, 2007, the Company recognized a gain on the sale of marketable securities of $219,000 related to its ownership in shares of ViaLogy plc. There were no realized gains on the sale of marketable securities during the same period in 2008.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Net cash used in operating activities was $795,000 and $1,105,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, a decrease in cash used of $310,000. The Company’s net loss from operations increased from $2,021,000 in 2007 to $2,340,000 in 2008, an increase of $319,000. Of this increase, $120,000 is related to an increase in stock compensation expense for stock options granted to employees and consultants as well as stock issued to employees and consultants in lieu of cash compensation. The remaining increase of $199,000 was due to an increase in other research and development costs of $148,000, an increase in other selling, general and administrative expenses of $78,000 and an increase in gross profit of $27,000 from 2007 to 2008.
Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2008 was $468,000. On January 4, 2008, the Company received $300,000 of loan proceeds from La Jolla Cove Investors, Inc. related to a promissory note issued by the Company, as described more fully in the accompanying footnotes to our consolidated financial statements. A $150,000 cash repayment was made to La Jolla against the promissory note. In addition, $259,000 was received by Cornell related to the exercise of warrants. We received $66,000 from proceeds from the sale of common stock. In addition, $7,000 was paid on other long-term debt.
We have incurred substantial losses during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and in 2007. The Company’s blanket shelf registration statement expired on March 31, 2008, and thus the Company cannot use this Form S-3 Registration Statement to raise financing on a going forward basis. Although the Company is seeking to raise additional financing, no additional signed agreements have been entered into for additional investment at March 31, 2008 and no assurances can be given that additional financing will ultimately be completed. Without the raising of additional equity or debt financing, or the generation of additional revenues to support cash flows, the Company will not have adequate financial resources to support its operations at the current level for the next twelve months.
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our long-term contractual obligations as of March 31, 2008:
                                         
            Less than 1                     More than 5  
    Total     Year     1-3 Years     3-5 Years     Years  
Long-term debt obligations (a)
  $ 64,000     $ 31,000     $ 33,000     $     $  
Operating lease obligations (b)
  $ 453,000     $ 134,000     $ 319,000     $     $  
     
(a)   The annual installment of principal and interest on the notes payable owed to the Community Development Commission as discussed in the accompanying footnotes to the consolidated financial statements are noted.
 
(b)   On May 1, 2006, the Company relocated its office and laboratory space to a new location in Pasadena, California and entered into a five-year lease. Future minimum lease payments are noted.

 

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Other major outstanding contractual obligations are summarized as follows:
Employment Agreements
In October 2004, DMFCC entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Carl Kukkonen, Chief Executive Officer of the Company and DMFCC. Under the agreement, Dr. Kukkonen is entitled to receive an annual base salary of $225,000 and a performance-based bonus of up to 25% of his base salary for the first three years of employment. In the event DMFCC terminates Dr. Kukkonen’s employment without cause, the agreement provides for severance payments to Dr. Kukkonen equal to $112,500. This agreement expires on October 15, 2008 and will be automatically renewed for one-year periods unless either party gives a termination notice not later than 90 days prior to the end of the term of the employment agreement.
Royalty Commitments
VIASPACE Security has a nonexclusive software license agreement with Caltech for executable code and source code pertaining to Spacecraft Health Inference Engine (“SHINE”) whereby VIASPACE Security has agreed to pay Caltech royalties from the sale or licensing of software or license products related to SHINE. This SHINE agreement provides for the following minimum royalties to Caltech: $10,000 due September 28, 2007; $12,500 due September 28, 2008; $15,000 due September 28, 2009; $17,500 due September 28, 2010; and $20,000 due each year from September 28, 2011 to 2015.
VIASPACE Security also has a nonexclusive software license agreement with Caltech for executable code and source code pertaining to U-Hunter (unexploded ordnance detection using electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical sensors) and to MUDSS (mobile underwater debris survey system) whereby VIASPACE Security has agreed to pay Caltech royalties from the sale or licensing of software or license products related to U-Hunter and MUDSS. These agreements provide for a minimum royalty payment of $10,000 to be made annually beginning on June 19, 2007.
On March 15, 2006, VIASPACE entered an exclusive software license agreement for certain fields of use with Caltech for executable code and source code pertaining to Spacecraft Health Inference Engine (“VIASPACE SHINE Agreement”). VIASPACE has agreed to pay Caltech royalties from the sale or licensing of software or license products related to the VIASPACE SHINE Agreement. It provides for the following minimum royalties to Caltech: $25,000 due February 1, 2008 and every year thereafter.
On March 2, 2007, VIASPACE entered a nonexclusive worldwide license agreement with Caltech for new software capabilities that should significantly enhance the functionality of its SHINE inference engine technology. The newly licensed Knowledge Base Editor is expected to enable VIASPACE to accelerate the development of SHINE-based applications tailored to meet the requirements of customers in the commercial, defense and homeland security sectors. VIASPACE has agreed to pay Caltech a license issue fee of $25,000, which will be paid in five installments of $5,000 each. The first installment was due on March 2, 2007 and is included in accounts payable in the accompanying balance sheet. The next four installments are due on the anniversary dates of the agreement beginning on March 2, 2008. VIASPACE has the option of extending the term of the license by an additional eight years with an extension fee of $25,000 if such extension fee is paid prior to March 2, 2011.
Inflation and Seasonality
We have not experienced material inflation during the past five years. Seasonality has historically not had a material effect on our operations.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, 2008.

 

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our exposure to market risk is confined to our cash and cash equivalents. We invest excess cash and cash equivalents in high-quality money market funds that invest in federal agency notes and United States treasury notes, which we believe are subject to limited credit risk. We currently do not hedge interest rate exposure. The effective duration of our portfolio is all current with no investment of a long-term duration. Due to the short-term nature of our investments, we do not believe that we have any material exposure to interest rate risk arising from our investments.
Most of our transactions are conducted in United States dollars, although we do have some research and development, and sales and marketing agreements with consultants outside the United States. The majority of these transactions are conducted in United States dollars. If the exchange rate changed by ten percent, we do not believe that it would have a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure controls and procedures. Disclosure controls are controls and procedures designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this Annual Report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed to reasonably assure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and implemented, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving an entity’s disclosure objectives. The likelihood of achieving such objectives is affected by limitations inherent in disclosure controls and procedures. These include the fact that human judgment in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns in internal control can occur because of human failures such as simple errors, mistakes or intentional circumvention of the established processes.
At the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level described above as of the end of the period covered in this report.
Changes in internal controls over financial reporting. Management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, has evaluated any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter. Based on that evaluation, management, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company have concluded that no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2008 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
YA Global Investments, L.P. (f/k/a Cornell Capital Partners, L.P.) v. VIASPACE Inc., et al. (Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Hudson County — Case No. C-61-08) As discussed more fully under Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements, Cornell served a complaint against the Company on April 24, 2008 claiming that they are entitled to additional warrants at a price lower than the revised exercise price of the warrants that was established on March 7, 2007. This dispute was previously discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2007. Cornell claims that they are entitled to additional warrants. Cornell has claimed that when the Company sold shares of common stock at prices below their exercise price, then they are entitled to a reset in the exercise price and the number of warrants. The Company’s position is that the subsequent sales of common stock entered into by the Company were non-qualified sales and thus Cornell is not entitled to a reset in the number of warrants or the exercise price of the warrants. The Company will respond to the complaint in May 2008.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Risk Factors Which May Affect Future Results
The Company wishes to caution that the following important factors, among others, in some cases have affected and in the future could affect the Company’s actual results and could cause such results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company.
There have been no material changes to the risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, other than as set forth below:
Risks Related To Our Business
We have incurred losses and anticipate continued losses for the foreseeable future.
Our net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2008 was $2,326,000. We have not yet achieved profitability and expect to continue to incur net losses until we recognize sufficient revenues from licensing activities, customer contracts, product sales or other sources. Because we have a limited history upon which an evaluation of our prospects can be based, our prospects must be considered in light of the risks, expenses and difficulties frequently encountered by companies seeking to develop new and rapidly evolving technologies. To address these risks, we must, among other things, respond to competitive factors, continue to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel and commercialize and continue to develop our technologies. We may not be successful in addressing these risks. We can give no assurance that we will achieve or sustain profitability.
Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on future financing.
Goldman Parks Kurland Mohidin LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, included an explanatory paragraph in its report on our financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, which expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The inclusion of a going concern explanatory paragraph in Goldman Parks Kurland Mohidin LLP’s report on our financial statements could have a detrimental effect on our stock price and our ability to raise additional capital.
Our financial statements have been prepared on the basis of a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. We have not made any adjustments to the financial statements as a result of the outcome of the uncertainty described above. Accordingly, the value of the Company in liquidation may be different from the amounts set forth in our financial statements.
Our continued success will depend on our ability to continue to raise capital in order to fund the development and commercialization of our products. Failure to raise additional capital may result in substantial adverse circumstances, including our inability to continue the development of our products and our liquidation.

 

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Our revenues to date have been to a few customers, the loss of which could result in a severe decline in revenues.
For the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Company had three customers who made up 60% of the total revenues of the Company recognized during that period. We believe that this trend of revenues to a few customers will continue in the near future. A loss of any customer by the Company could significantly reduce recognized revenues.
Risks Related To An Investment In Our Stock
Any future sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock could depress the trading price of our common stock, lower our value and make it more difficult for us to raise capital.
Any sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock (or the prospect of sales) may have the effect of depressing the trading price of our common stock. In addition, these sales could lower our value and make it more difficult for us to raise capital. Further, the timing of the sale of the shares of our common stock may occur at a time when we would otherwise be able to obtain additional equity capital on terms more favorable to us.
The Company has 1,500,000,000 authorized shares of common stock, of which 451,853,705 were issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2008. Of these issued and outstanding shares, 206,006,703 shares (45.6% of the total issued and outstanding shares) are currently held by our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders (including Dr. Carl Kukkonen, Mr. Amjad Abdallat, Dr. Sandeep Gulati, former Director of the Company, and SNK Capital Trust) and classified as restricted under Rule 144. On April 10, 2006, SNK Capital Trust agreed to a lock-up of its 61,204,286 shares until April 9, 2011. No other shares are currently subject to any lock-up arrangement. In addition, as of March 31, 2008, 31,056,148 additional shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding are accounted by our transfer agent as restricted under Rule 144. These shares could be released in the future if requested by the holder of the shares, subject to volume and manner of sale restrictions under Rule 144. A total of 214,790,854 shares of the Company’s common stock are accounted for as free trading shares at March 31, 2008.
We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of shares of our common stock will have on the market price of our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock (including shares currently held by management and principal shareholders), or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our common stock.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
On January 11, 2008, the Company issued to a vendor 250,000 unregistered shares of the Company’s common stock in exchange for consulting services valued at $15,000 on the date of issuance. In addition, on February 29, 2008, the Company issued to a vendor 9,562,500 shares of the Company’s common stock in exchange for consulting services valued at $612,000 on the date of issuance. The shares issued to these vendors were issued in reliance upon the exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. We made a determination that these vendors were sophisticated investors with enough knowledge and experience in business to evaluate the risks and merits of accepting our shares as payment for their services and the Company believes that each vendor was given or had access to detailed financial and other information with respect to the Company. These vendors acquired the shares for investment purposes with out view to distribution, and there was no general advertising or general solicitation in connection with the issuance of the shares. Further, restrictive transfer legends were placed on all certificates issued to the vendors, and no underwriting or selling commissions were paid in connection with these share issuances.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
As discussed more fully in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 21, 2008, as amended by our Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on April 4. 2008, and also under Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements, on February 14, 2008, the holders of a majority of the Company’s common stock, along with the Company’s board of directors, approved amendments to the Company’s 2005 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) which included an increase to the maximum aggregate number of shares which may be issued under the Plan to 99,000,000 shares. In addition, effective January 1, 2009 and each January 1 thereafter during the term of the Plan, the maximum aggregate number of shares under the Plan are to be increased so that the maximum aggregate number of shares is equivalent to 30% of the total number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of the close of business on the immediately preceding December 31.

 

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ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
There were no changes to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to our board of directors.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
(a) Exhibits
         
  10.1    
Addendum to Promissory Note between the Company and Rhino Steel Manufacturing, Ltd. dated February 11, 2008. *
       
 
  10.2    
Settlement Agreement and General Release between the Company and La Jolla Cove Investors, Inc. dated March 25, 2008. *
       
 
  31.1    
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
       
 
  31.2    
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
       
 
  32    
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. *
     
*   Filed herewith.
[SIGNATURES PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

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SIGNATURES
In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
         
 
  VIASPACE Inc.
(Registrant)
   
 
       
Date: May 15, 2008
  /s/ CARL KUKKONEN
 
Carl Kukkonen
   
 
  Chief Executive Officer    
 
       
Date: May 15, 2008
  /s/ STEPHEN J. MUZI
 
Stephen J. Muzi
   
 
  Chief Financial Officer    

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX
         
Exhibit No.   Description
       
 
  10.1    
Addendum to Promissory Note between the Company and Rhino Steel Manufacturing, Ltd. dated February 11, 2008. *
       
 
  10.2    
Settlement Agreement and General Release between the Company and La Jolla Cove Investors, Inc. dated March 25, 2008. *
       
 
  31.1    
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
       
 
  31.2    
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. *
       
 
  32    
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. *
     
*   Filed herewith.

 

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