Edgar Filing: CITIZENS INC

10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

___________________________

x Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2015

¨ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission File Number: 000-16509

CITIZENS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Colorado	84-0755371
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

400 East Anderson Lane, Austin, TX	78752
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)



	(512) 837-7100

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)



	N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ¨ Yes x No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). x Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definition of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ¨	Accelerated filer x	Non-accelerated filer ¨	Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨ Yes x No

As of November 2, 2015, the Registrant had 49,080,114 shares of Class A common stock, no par value, outstanding and 1,001,714 shares of Class B common stock outstanding.

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

TABLE OF CONTENTS



			Page Number
Part I.	Financial Information
	Item 1.	Financial Statements

		Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, September 30, 2015 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2014	2

		Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (Unaudited)	4

		Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (Unaudited)	4

		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (Unaudited)	6

		Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8

	Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28

	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	50

	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	51

Part II.	Other Information

	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	52

	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	52

	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	64

	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	64

	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	64

	Item 5.	Other Information	64

	Item 6.	Exhibits	65

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (In thousands)



	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Assets	(Unaudited)
Investments:
Fixed maturities available-for-sale, at fair value (cost: $706,667 and $667,966 in 2015 and 2014, respectively)	$	735,847	707,227
Fixed maturities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value: $254,048 and $232,891 in 2015 and 2014, respectively)	247,829		224,932
Equity securities available-for-sale, at fair value (cost: $66,855 and $68,787 in 2015 and 2014, respectively)	66,668		69,879
Mortgage loans on real estate	599		628
Policy loans	58,968		54,032
Real estate held for investment (less $1,685 and $1,575 accumulated depreciation in 2015 and 2014, respectively)	8,000		8,131
Other long-term investments	76		135
Short-term investments	254		—
Total investments	1,118,241		1,064,964
Cash and cash equivalents	42,831		50,708
Accrued investment income	15,220		13,457
Reinsurance recoverable	4,054		4,425
Deferred policy acquisition costs	163,713		157,468
Cost of customer relationships acquired	22,038		23,542
Goodwill	17,255		17,255
Other intangible assets	973		976
Deferred tax asset	71,454		66,269
Property and equipment, net	6,151		6,352
Due premiums, net (less $1,409 and $1,364 allowance for doubtful accounts in 2015 and 2014, respectively)	11,019		10,777
Prepaid expenses	750		301
Other assets	1,335		1,061
Total assets	$	1,475,034	1,417,555

(Continued)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (In thousands, except share amounts)



	September 30, 2015			December 31, 2014
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	(Unaudited)
Liabilities:
Policy liabilities:
Future policy benefit reserves:
Life insurance	$	974,796		920,149
Annuities	63,489			59,727
Accident and health	1,221			1,216
Dividend accumulations	17,554			15,974
Premiums paid in advance	42,812			39,712
Policy claims payable	10,402			9,560
Other policyholders' funds	7,516			7,551
Total policy liabilities	1,117,790			1,053,889
Commissions payable	2,587			3,284
Federal income tax payable	77,568			78,818
Payable for securities in process of settlement	3,566			—
Other liabilities	23,781			23,205
Total liabilities	1,225,292			1,159,196
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders' equity:
Class A, no par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 52,215,852 shares issued and outstanding in 2015 and 2014, including shares in treasury of 3,135,738 in 2015 and 2014	259,383			259,383
Class B, no par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized, 1,001,714 shares issued and outstanding in 2015 and 2014	3,184			3,184
Accumulated deficit	(20,433		)	(19,047	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gains on securities, net of tax	18,619			25,850
Treasury stock, at cost	(11,011		)	(11,011	)
Total stockholders' equity	249,742			258,359
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	1,475,034		1,417,555

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Three Months Ended September 30,

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)



	2015					2014
Revenues:
Premiums:
Life insurance			$	47,219			45,234
Accident and health insurance			387				394
Property insurance			1,302				1,295
Net investment income			11,325				10,384
Realized investment losses, net			(2,407		)		(222	)
Other income			298				145
Total revenues			58,124				57,230
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders			19,528				17,326
Increase in future policy benefit reserves			19,276				19,307
Policyholders' dividends			2,719				2,573
Total insurance benefits paid or provided			41,523				39,206
Commissions			11,388				11,116
Other general expenses			6,958				6,029
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs			(8,482		)		(8,126	)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs			6,271				5,276
Amortization of cost of customer relationships acquired			605				453
Total benefits and expenses			58,263				53,954
(Loss) income before federal income tax			(139		)		3,276
Federal income tax (benefit) expense			(242		)		952
Net income			103				2,324
Per Share Amounts:
Basic earnings per share of Class A common stock	$	—				0.04
Basic earnings per share of Class B common stock	—					0.03
Diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock	—					0.04
Diluted earnings per share of Class B common stock	—					0.03
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized holding losses arising during period			(1,803		)		(1,628	)
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income			2,405				227
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net			602				(1,401	)
Income tax expense (benefit) on unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities			210				(490	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)			392				(911	)
Comprehensive income			$	495			1,413

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Nine Months Ended September 30, (In thousands, except per share amounts) (Unaudited)

	2015						2014
Revenues:
Premiums:
Life insurance				$	136,866				131,298
Accident and health insurance				1,183					1,135
Property insurance				3,885					3,832
Net investment income				33,595					30,373
Realized investment losses, net				(2,486		)			(351	)
Other income				1,020					477
Total revenues				174,063					166,764
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders				58,171					50,451
Increase in future policy benefit reserves				56,334					56,984
Policyholders' dividends				7,568					7,087
Total insurance benefits paid or provided				122,073					114,522
Commissions				32,052					31,429
Other general expenses				24,954					19,979
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs				(23,374		)			(22,617	)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs				17,217					15,378
Amortization of cost of customer relationships acquired				1,768					1,598
Total benefits and expenses				174,690					160,289
(Loss) income before federal income tax				(627		)			6,475
Federal income tax expense				759					1,804
Net (loss) income				(1,386		)			4,671
Per Share Amounts:
Basic (losses) earnings per share of Class A common stock	$	(0.03	)				$	0.09
Basic (losses) earnings per share of Class B common stock	(0.02		)				0.05
Diluted (losses) earnings per share of Class A common stock	(0.03		)				0.09
Diluted (losses) earnings per share of Class B common stock	(0.02		)				0.05
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Unrealized (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized holding (losses) gains arising during period				(13,574		)			24,764
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income				2,449					332
Unrealized (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities, net				(11,125		)			25,096
Income tax (benefit) expense on unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities				(3,894		)			8,804
Other comprehensive (loss) income				(7,231		)			16,292
Comprehensive (loss) income				$	(8,617	)			20,963

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Nine Months Ended September 30, (In thousands) (Unaudited)


	2015			2014
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss) income	$	(1,386	)	4,671
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Realized losses on sale of investments and other assets	2,486			351
Net deferred policy acquisition costs	(6,157		)	(7,239	)
Amortization of cost of customer relationships acquired	1,768			1,598
Depreciation	571			964
Amortization of premiums and discounts on investments	8,785			7,014
Deferred federal income tax (benefit)	(1,291		)	(1,140	)
Change in:
Accrued investment income	(1,763		)	(915	)
Reinsurance recoverable	371			64
Due premiums	(242		)	1,182
Future policy benefit reserves	56,185			56,932
Other policyholders' liabilities	5,487			4,282
Federal income tax payable	(1,250		)	201
Commissions payable and other liabilities	(121		)	264
Other, net	(717		)	(1,373	)
Net cash provided by operating activities	62,726			66,856
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sale of fixed maturities, available-for-sale	—			680
Maturities and calls of fixed maturities, available-for-sale	46,723			38,658
Maturities and calls of fixed maturities, held-to-maturity	15,755			10,523
Purchase of fixed maturities, available-for-sale	(88,107		)	(88,860	)
Purchase of fixed maturities, held-to-maturity	(41,291		)	(12,158	)
Sale of equity securities, available-for-sale	—			15,029
Calls of equity securities, available-for-sale	150			200
Purchase of equity securities, available-for-sale	(602		)	(21,285	)
Principal payments on mortgage loans	29			30
Increase in policy loans, net	(4,936		)	(3,707	)
Sale of other long-term investments	59			1
Purchase of other long-term investments	—			(4	)
Sale of property and equipment	—			5
Purchase of property and equipment	(240		)	(388	)
Maturity of short-term investments	—			531
Purchase of short-term investments	(254		)	(531	)
Net cash used in acquisition	—			(4,810	)
Net cash used in investing activities	(72,714		)	(66,086	)

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Continued Nine Months Ended September 30, (In thousands) (Unaudited)

	2015			2014
Cash flows from financing activities:
Annuity deposits	$	6,077		5,479
Annuity withdrawals	(3,966		)	(3,856	)
Net cash provided by financing activities	2,111			1,623
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(7,877		)	2,393
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	50,708			54,593
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	42,831		56,986
Supplemental disclosures of operating activities:
Cash paid during the period for income taxes, net	$	3,300		2,721

Supplemental Disclosures of Non-Cash Investing Activities:

None.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)

(1) Financial Statements

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Citizens, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP").

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of Citizens, Inc. ("Citizens"), a Colorado corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, CICA Life Insurance Company of America ("CICA"), Security Plan Life Insurance Company ("SPLIC"), Security Plan Fire Insurance Company ("SPFIC"), Citizens National Life Insurance Company ("CNLIC"), Magnolia Guaranty Life Insurance Company ("MGLIC"), Computing Technology, Inc. ("CTI") and Insurance Investors, Inc. ("III"). Citizens and its wholly-owned subsidiaries are collectively referred to as "the Company," "we," "us" or "our."

The consolidated statements of financial position for September 30, 2015, and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 and cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, have been prepared by the Company without audit. In the opinion of management, all adjustments to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and changes in cash flows at September 30, 2015 and for comparative periods have been made. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, the financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, for the year ended December 31, 2014. Operating results for the interim periods disclosed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year or any future period.

We provide primarily life insurance and a small amount of health insurance policies through our insurance subsidiaries: CICA, SPLIC, MGLIC and CNLIC. CICA and CNLIC issue ordinary whole-life policies, credit life and disability, burial insurance, pre-need policies, and accident and health related policies, throughout the Midwest and southern United States. CICA also issues ordinary whole-life and endowment policies to non-U.S. residents. SPLIC offers final expense and home service life insurance in Louisiana, Arkansas and Mississippi, and SPFIC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of SPLIC, writes a limited amount of property insurance in Louisiana. MGLIC provides industrial life policies through independent funeral homes in Mississippi.

CTI provides data processing systems and services, as well as furniture and equipment, to the Company. III provides aviation transportation to the Company.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with U.S. GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The most significant estimates include those used in the evaluation of other-than-temporary impairments on debt and equity securities and valuation allowances on investments, actuarially determined assets and liabilities and assumptions, goodwill impairment, valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, and contingencies relating to litigation and regulatory matters. Certain of these estimates are particularly sensitive to market conditions, and deterioration and/or volatility in the worldwide debt or equity markets could have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)

Significant Accounting Policies

For a description of significant accounting policies, see Note 1 of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in our 2014 Form 10-K Annual Report, which should be read in conjunction with these accompanying consolidated financial statements.

(2) Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Recently Adopted

None.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance provides a five-step process to achieve that core principle. ASU 2014-09 requires disclosures enabling users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative disclosures are required about contracts with customers, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period, using one of two retrospective application methods. Early application is not permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of this ASU will have on its financial statements.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)

(3) Segment Information

The Company has three reportable segments: Life Insurance, Home Service Insurance, and Other Non-Insurance Enterprises. The accounting policies of the segments are in accordance with U.S. GAAP and are the same as those used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. The Company evaluates profit and loss performance based on U.S. GAAP income before federal income taxes for its three reportable segments.

The Company has no reportable differences between segments and consolidated operations.



	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2015
	Life Insurance			Home Service Insurance			Other Non-Insurance Enterprises			Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums	$	37,213		11,695			—			48,908
Net investment income	7,512			3,436			377			11,325
Realized investment losses, net	(1,901		)	(506		)	—			(2,407		)
Other income	217			8			73			298
Total revenue	43,041			14,633			450			58,124
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	13,727			5,801			—			19,528
Increase in future policy benefit reserves	18,337			939			—			19,276
Policyholders' dividends	2,708			11			—			2,719
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	34,772			6,751			—			41,523
Commissions	7,609			3,779			—			11,388
Other general expenses	3,026			3,391			541			6,958
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(7,050		)	(1,432		)	—			(8,482		)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	5,359			912			—			6,271
Amortization of cost of customer relationships acquired	171			434			—			605
Total benefits and expenses	43,887			13,835			541			58,263
Income (loss) before income tax expense	$	(846	)	$	798		$	(91	)	$	(139	)

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)



	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2015
	Life Insurance			Home Service Insurance		Other Non-Insurance Enterprises		Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums	$	106,899		35,035		—		141,934
Net investment income	22,130			10,341		1,124		33,595
Realized investment losses, net	(1,959		)	(527	)	—		(2,486	)
Other income	591			78		351		1,020
Total revenue	127,661			44,927		1,475		174,063
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	40,752			17,419		—		58,171
Increase in future policy benefit reserves	52,964			3,370		—		56,334
Policyholders' dividends	7,530			38		—		7,568
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	101,246			20,827		—		122,073
Commissions	20,450			11,602		—		32,052
Other general expenses	11,057			11,680		2,217		24,954
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(18,816		)	(4,558	)	—		(23,374	)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	14,849			2,368		—		17,217
Amortization of cost of customer relationships acquired	493			1,275		—		1,768
Total benefits and expenses	129,279			43,194		2,217		174,690
Income (loss) before income tax expense	$	(1,618	)	1,733		(742	)	(627	)

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2014
	Life Insurance			Home Service Insurance		Other Non-Insurance Enterprises	Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums	$	35,359		11,564		—	46,923
Net investment income	6,660			3,389		335	10,384
Realized investment losses, net	(159		)	(63	)	—	(222	)
Other income	130			3		12	145
Total revenue	41,990			14,893		347	57,230
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	12,205			5,121		—	17,326
Increase in future policy benefit reserves	18,314			993		—	19,307
Policyholders' dividends	2,560			13		—	2,573
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	33,079			6,127		—	39,206
Commissions	7,351			3,765		—	11,116
Other general expenses	2,464			3,227		338	6,029
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(6,708		)	(1,418	)	—	(8,126	)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	4,449			827		—	5,276
Amortization of cost of customer relationships acquired	163			290		—	453
Total benefits and expenses	40,798			12,818		338	53,954
Income before income tax expense	$	1,192		2,075		9	3,276

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)



	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2014
	Life Insurance			Home Service Insurance		Other Non-Insurance Enterprises		Consolidated
	(In thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums	$	101,739		34,526		—		136,265
Net investment income	19,409			9,958		1,006		30,373
Realized investment gains (losses), net	(271		)	(81	)	1		(351	)
Other income	406			7		64		477
Total revenue	121,283			44,410		1,071		166,764
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	34,183			16,268		—		50,451
Increase in future policy benefit reserves	54,139			2,845		—		56,984
Policyholders' dividends	7,043			44		—		7,087
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	95,365			19,157		—		114,522
Commissions	20,073			11,356		—		31,429
Other general expenses	8,269			9,895		1,815		19,979
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(18,215		)	(4,402	)	—		(22,617	)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	13,061			2,317		—		15,378
Amortization of cost of customer relationships acquired	454			1,144		—		1,598
Total benefits and expenses	119,007			39,467		1,815		160,289
Income (loss) before income tax expense	$	2,276		4,943		(744	)	6,475

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)

(4) Earnings Per Share

The following tables set forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share.



	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2015		September 30, 2014
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Basic and diluted earnings per share:
Numerator:
Net income	$	103	2,324
Net income allocated to Class A common stock	102		2,301
Net income allocated to Class B common stock	1		23
Net income	$	103	2,324
Denominator:
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - basic	49,080		49,080
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - diluted	49,080		49,080
Weighted average shares of Class B outstanding - basic and diluted	1,002		1,002
Basic earnings per share of Class A common stock	$	—	0.04
Basic earnings per share of Class B common stock	—		0.03
Diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock	—		0.04
Diluted earnings per share of Class B common stock	—		0.03



	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2015			September 30, 2014
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Basic and diluted earnings per share:
Numerator:
Net (loss) income	$	(1,386	)	4,671
Net (loss) income allocated to Class A common stock	$	(1,372	)	4,624
Net (loss) income allocated to Class B common stock	(14		)	47
Net (loss) income	$	(1,386	)	4,671
Denominator:
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - basic	49,080			49,080
Weighted average shares of Class A outstanding - diluted	49,080			49,080
Weighted average shares of Class B outstanding - basic and diluted	1,002			1,002
Basic (losses) earnings per share of Class A common stock	$	(0.03	)	0.09
Basic (losses) earnings per share of Class B common stock	(0.02		)	0.05
Diluted (losses) earnings per share of Class A common stock	(0.03		)	0.09
Diluted (losses) earnings per share of Class B common stock	(0.02		)	0.05

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)

(5) Investments

The Company invests primarily in fixed maturity securities, which totaled 84.7% of total cash, cash equivalents and investments at September 30, 2015.



	September 30, 2015				December 31, 2014
	Carrying Value		% of Total Carrying Value		Carrying Value		% of Total Carrying Value
	($ In thousands)
Fixed maturity securities	$	983,676	84.7	%	$	932,159	83.6	%
Equity securities	66,668		5.7	%	69,879		6.3	%
Mortgage loans	599		0.1	%	628		0.1	%
Policy loans	58,968		5.1	%	54,032		4.8	%
Real estate and other long-term investments	8,076		0.7	%	8,266		0.7	%
Short-term investments	254		—	%	—		—	%
Cash and cash equivalents	42,831		3.7	%	50,708		4.5	%
Total cash, cash equivalents and investments	$	1,161,072	100.0	%	$	1,115,672	100.0	%

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)

The following tables represent the cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value for fixed maturities and equity securities as of the periods indicated.



	September 30, 2015
	Cost or Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Fixed maturities:
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	10,010	2,892	—	12,902
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	36,364		1,359	—	37,723
States and political subdivisions	455,494		18,018	2,937	470,575
Foreign governments	104		30	—	134
Corporate	201,760		12,994	3,408	211,346
Commercial mortgage-backed	162		7	—	169
Residential mortgage-backed	2,773		227	2	2,998
Total available-for-sale securities	706,667		35,527	6,347	735,847
Held-to-maturity securities:
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	2,012		137	—	2,149
States and political subdivisions	223,084		7,741	708	230,117
Corporate	22,733		672	1,623	21,782
Total held-to-maturity securities	247,829		8,550	2,331	254,048
Total fixed maturities	954,496		44,077	8,678	989,895

Short-term investments	$	254	—	—	254

Equity securities:
Stock mutual funds	$	16,007	189	67	16,129
Bond mutual funds	49,189		6	534	48,661
Common stock	65		—	23	42
Preferred stock	1,594		243	1	1,836
Total equity securities	$	66,855	438	625	66,668

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)



	December 31, 2014
	Cost or Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Fixed maturities:
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	10,056	2,924	—	12,980
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	38,312		1,937	—	40,249
States and political subdivisions	404,657		19,146	1,448	422,355
Foreign governments	104		31	—	135
Corporate	211,410		17,441	1,024	227,827
Commercial mortgage-backed	223		8	—	231
Residential mortgage-backed	3,204		249	3	3,450
Total available-for-sale securities	667,966		41,736	2,475	707,227
Held-to-maturity securities:
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	2,017		178	—	2,195
States and political subdivisions	192,875		7,782	388	200,269
Corporate	30,040		947	560	30,427
Total held-to-maturity securities	224,932		8,907	948	232,891
Total fixed maturity securities	$	892,898	50,643	3,423	940,118
Equity securities:
Stock mutual funds	$	16,005	1,657	66	17,596
Bond mutual funds	50,976		60	796	50,240
Common stock	65		—	14	51
Preferred stock	1,741		253	2	1,992
Total equity securities	$	68,787	1,970	878	69,879

The majority of the Company's equity securities are diversified stock and bond mutual funds.

Valuation of Investments in Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities

Held-to-maturity securities are reported in the financial statements at amortized cost and available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value.

The Company monitors all debt and equity securities on an on-going basis relative to changes in credit ratings, market prices, earnings trends and financial performance, in addition to specific region or industry reviews. The assessment of whether impairments have occurred is based on a case-by-case evaluation of underlying reasons for the decline in fair value. The Company determines other-than-temporary impairment by reviewing relevant evidence related to the specific security issuer as well as the Company's intent to sell the security, or if it is more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell a security before recovery of its amortized cost.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)

(b) the amount related to all other factors. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to the credit loss is recognized in earnings. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. The previous amortized cost basis less the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in earnings becomes the new amortized cost basis of the investment. The new amortized cost basis is not adjusted for subsequent recoveries in fair value.

The Company evaluates whether a credit impairment exists for debt securities by considering primarily the following factors: (a) changes in the financial condition of the security's underlying collateral; (b) whether the issuer is current on contractually obligated interest and principal payments; (c) changes in the financial condition, credit rating and near-term prospects of the issuer; (d) the length of time to which the fair value has been less than the amortized cost of the security; and (e) the payment structure of the security. The Company's best estimate of expected future cash flows used to determine the credit loss amount is a quantitative and qualitative process. Quantitative review includes information received from third party sources such as financial statements, pricing and rating changes, liquidity and other statistical information. Qualitative factors include judgments related to business strategies, economic impacts on the issuer and overall judgment related to estimates and industry factors. The Company's best estimate of future cash flows involves assumptions including, but not limited to, various performance indicators, such as historical and projected default and recovery rates, credit ratings, and current delinquency rates. These assumptions require the use of significant management judgment and include the probability of issuer default and estimates regarding timing and amount of expected recoveries, which may include estimating the underlying collateral value. In addition, projections of expected future debt security cash flows may change based upon new information regarding the performance of the issuer.

The primary factors considered in evaluating whether an impairment exists for an equity security include, but are not limited to: (a) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than the cost of the security; (b) changes in the financial condition, credit rating and near-term prospects of the issuer; (c) whether the issuer is current on contractually obligated payments; and (d) the intent and ability of the Company to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for recovery.

Other-than-temporary impairments ("OTTI") were recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 totaling $2.4 million. No other-than-temporary impairments were recognized during the three and nine months ended in 2014.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)

The following tables present the fair values and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturities and equity securities that have remained in a continuous unrealized loss position for the periods indicated.



	September 30, 2015
	Less than 12 months				Greater than 12 months			Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	# of Securities
	(In thousands, except for # of securities)
Fixed maturities:
Available-for-sale securities:
States and political subdivisions	$	86,825	980	85	17,392	1,957	13	104,217	2,937	98
Corporate	45,786		2,678	53	5,085	730	5	50,871	3,408	58
Residential mortgage-backed	67		1	2	136	1	3	203	2	5
Total available-for-sale securities	132,678		3,659	140	22,613	2,688	21	155,291	6,347	161
Held-to-maturity securities:
States and political subdivisions	37,472		615	31	2,430	93	5	39,902	708	36
Corporate	2,744		728	3	4,664	895	4	7,408	1,623	7
Total held-to-maturity securities	40,216		1,343	34	7,094	988	9	47,310	2,331	43
Total fixed maturities	$	172,894	5,002	174	29,707	3,676	30	202,601	8,678	204
Equity securities:
Stock mutual funds	$	8,736	67	3	—	—	—	8,736	67	3
Bond mutual funds	31,668		505	2	110	29	1	31,778	534	3
Common stocks	41		6	3	—	17	1	41	23	4
Preferred stocks	—		1	1	—	—	—	—	1	1
Total equities	$	40,445	579	9	110	46	2	40,555	625	11

As of September 30, 2015, the Company had 21 available-for-sale fixed maturity securities and 9 held-to-maturity fixed maturity securities that were in an unrealized loss position for greater than 12 months. We reported 2 common stock holding in an unrealized loss position for greater than 12 months as of September 30, 2015.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)



	December 31, 2014
	Less than 12 months				Greater than 12 months			Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	# of Securities	Fair Value	Unrealized Losses	# of Securities
	(In thousands, except for # of securities)
Fixed maturities:
Available-for-sale securities:
States and political subdivisions	$	43,776	318	47	33,716	1,130	24	77,492	1,448	71
Corporate	26,671		780	24	2,530	244	2	29,201	1,024	26
Residential mortgage-backed	159		2	5	33	1	1	192	3	6
Total available-for-sale securities	70,606		1,100	76	36,279	1,375	27	106,885	2,475	103
Held-to-maturity securities:
States and political subdivisions	21,233		74	16	15,429	314	21	36,662	388	37
Corporate	3,866		285	4	2,746	275	2	6,612	560	6
Total held-to-maturity securities	25,099		359	20	18,175	589	23	43,274	948	43
Total fixed maturities	$	95,705	1,459	96	54,454	1,964	50	150,159	3,423	146
Equity securities:
Stock mutual funds	$	5,224	66	4	—	—	—	5,224	66	4
Bond mutual funds	26,228		796	4	—	—	—	26,228	796	4
Preferred stocks	234		2	4	—	—	—	234	2	4
Common stock	46		1	2	4	13	9	50	14	11
Total equities	$	31,732	865	14	4	13	9	31,736	878	23

We have reviewed these securities for the periods ended September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 and determined that no other-than-temporary impairment exists that have not been recognized based on our evaluation of the credit worthiness of the issuers and the fact that we do not intend to sell the investments nor is it likely that we will be required to sell the securities before recovery of their amortized cost bases which may be maturity. We continue to monitor all securities on an on-going basis, and future information may become available which could result in impairments being recorded.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)

The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities at September 30, 2015 by contractual maturity are shown in the table below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date have been reflected based upon final stated maturity.



	September 30, 2015
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities:
Due in one year or less	$	23,804	24,152
Due after one year through five years	126,342		131,632
Due after five years through ten years	98,083		102,448
Due after ten years	458,438		477,615
Total available-for-sale securities	706,667		735,847
Held-to-maturity securities:
Due in one year or less	9,357		9,397
Due after one year through five years	35,383		37,298
Due after five years through ten years	48,634		50,258
Due after ten years	154,455		157,095
Total held-to-maturity securities	247,829		254,048
Total fixed maturities	$	954,496	989,895

The Company uses the specific identification method of the individual security to determine the cost basis used in the calculation of realized gains and losses related to security sales. Proceeds and gross realized gains from sales of securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 are summarized as follows.



	Fixed Maturities Available-for-Sale					Equity Securities
	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,			September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2015		2014	2015	2014	2015	2014	2015	2014
	(In thousands)
Proceeds	$	—	100	—	680	—	3,924	—	15,029
Gross realized gains	$	—	5	—	26	—	55	—	118
Gross realized losses	$	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	169

There were no sales of available-for-sale securities for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015. There was one equity bond mutual fund sold at a gain during the three month period ended September 30, 2014 as higher yielding bond mutual fund alternatives became more attractive than these U.S. Government backed funds as circumstances changed in the current environment. There were three bond mutual funds sold during the nine month period ended September 30, 2014 for a net loss. There were no securities sold from the held-to-maturity portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 or 2014.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)

(6) Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We hold available-for-sale fixed maturity securities and equity securities, which are carried at fair value.

Fair value measurements are generally based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our view of market assumptions in the absence of observable market information. We utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. All assets and liabilities carried at fair value are required to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:


•	Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.


•	Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs or whose significant value drivers are observable.


•	Level 3 - Instruments whose significant value drivers are unobservable.

Level 1 primarily consists of financial instruments whose value is based on quoted market prices such as U.S. Treasury securities and actively traded mutual fund and stock investments.

Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued by independent pricing services or broker quotes. These models are primarily industry-standard models that consider various inputs, such as interest rates, credit spreads and foreign exchange rates for the underlying financial instruments. All significant inputs are observable, or derived from observable information in the marketplace or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. Financial instruments in this category primarily include corporate securities, U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise securities, municipal securities and certain mortgage and asset-backed securities.

Level 3 is comprised of financial instruments whose fair value is estimated based on non-binding broker prices utilizing significant inputs not based on or corroborated by readily available market information. This category consists of two private placement mortgage-backed securities.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)

The following tables set forth our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated.



	September 30, 2015
Available-for-sale investments	Level 1		Level 2	Level 3	Total Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Financial assets:
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	12,902	37,723	—	50,625
States and political subdivisions	—		470,575	—	470,575
Corporate	—		211,346	—	211,346
Commercial mortgage-backed	—		—	169	169
Residential mortgage-backed	—		2,998	—	2,998
Foreign governments	—		134	—	134
Total fixed maturities	12,902		722,776	169	735,847
Equity securities:
Stock mutual funds	16,129		—	—	16,129
Bond mutual funds	48,661		—	—	48,661
Common stock	42		—	—	42
Preferred stock	1,836		—	—	1,836
Total equity securities	66,668		—	—	66,668
Total financial assets	$	79,570	722,776	169	802,515



	December 31, 2014
Available-for-sale investments	Level 1		Level 2	Level 3	Total Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Financial assets:
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	12,980	40,249	—	53,229
States and political subdivisions	—		422,355	—	422,355
Corporate	—		227,827	—	227,827
Commercial mortgage-backed	—		—	231	231
Residential mortgage-backed	—		3,450	—	3,450
Foreign governments	—		135	—	135
Total fixed maturities	12,980		694,016	231	707,227
Equity securities:
Stock mutual funds	17,596		—	—	17,596
Bond mutual funds	50,240		—	—	50,240
Common stock	51		—	—	51
Preferred stock	1,992		—	—	1,992
Total equity securities	69,879		—	—	69,879
Total financial assets	$	82,859	694,016	231	777,106

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)

Financial Instruments Valuation

Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale. At September 30, 2015, our fixed maturity securities, valued using a third-party pricing source, totaled $722.8 million for Level 2 assets and comprised 90.1% of total reported fair value of our financial assets. The Level 1 and Level 2 valuations are reviewed and updated quarterly through random testing by comparisons to separate pricing models, other third-party pricing services, and back tested to recent trades. In addition, we obtain information relative to the third-party pricing models and review model parameters for reasonableness. Fair values for Level 3 assets are based upon unadjusted broker quotes that are non-binding, and consist of two private placement mortgage-backed securities with a total value of $0.2 million. Our Level 3 assets are current relative to principal and interest payments and are considered immaterial to our financial statements. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, there were no material changes to the valuation methods or assumptions used to determine fair values, and no broker or third party prices were changed from the values received.

Equity securities, available-for-sale. Our available-for-sale equity securities are classified as Level 1 assets as their fair values are based upon quoted market prices.

The following table presents additional information about fixed maturity securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis that are classified as Level 3 assets and for which we have utilized significant unobservable inputs to determine fair value.



	September 30, 2015			December 31, 2014
	(In thousands)

Balance at beginning of period	$	231		309
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Included in net income	—			—
Included in other comprehensive income	(1		)	(1	)
Principal paydowns	(61		)	(77	)
Transfer in and (out) of Level 3	—			—
Balance at end of period	$	169		231

We review the fair value hierarchy classifications each reporting period. Changes in the observability of the valuation attributes may result in a reclassification of certain financial assets. Such reclassifications are reported as transfers in and out of Level 3 at the beginning fair value for the reporting period in which the changes occur. There were no transfers in or out of Level 1 or 2.

Financial Instruments not Carried at Fair Value

Estimates of fair values are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market prices and information about the financial instruments. The estimated fair values of financial instruments presented below are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company might realize in actual market transactions.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)

The carrying amount and fair value for the financial assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets not otherwise disclosed for the periods indicated are as follows:



	September 30, 2015			December 31, 2014
	Carrying Value		Fair Value	Carrying Value	Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Financial assets:
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity	$	247,829	254,048	224,932	232,891
Mortgage loans	599		623	628	652
Policy loans	58,968		58,968	54,032	54,032
Short-term investments	254		254	—	—
Cash and cash equivalents	42,831		42,831	50,708	50,708
Financial liabilities:
Annuity - investment contracts	45,737		37,399	42,837	37,978

Fair values for fixed income securities, which are characterized as Level 2 assets in the fair value hierarchy, are based on quoted market prices for the same or similar securities. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other assumptions, including a discount rate and estimates of future cash flows.

Mortgage loans are secured principally by residential and commercial properties. Weighted average interest rates for these loans were approximately 6.3% as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, with maturities ranging from 1 to 30 years. Management estimated the fair value using an annual interest rate of 6.2% at September 30, 2015. Our mortgage loans are considered Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

Policy loans had a weighted average annual interest rate of 7.7% as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, and no specified maturity dates. The aggregate fair value of policy loans approximates the carrying value reflected on the consolidated balance sheets. These loans typically carry an interest rate that is tied to the crediting rate applied to the related policy and contract reserves. Policy loans are an integral part of the life insurance policies we have in force, cannot be valued separately and are not marketable. Therefore, the fair value of policy loans approximates the carrying value and policy loans are considered Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of short-term investments approximate carrying value due to their short-term nature. Our short-term investments are considered Level 2 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximate carrying value and are characterized as Level 1 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of the Company's liabilities under annuity contract policies, which are considered Level 3 assets, was estimated at September 30, 2015 using discounted cash flows based upon a swap rate curve with interest rates ranging from 1.60% to 5.71% based upon swap rates adjusted for various risk adjustments. The fair value of liabilities under all insurance contracts are taken into consideration in the overall management of interest rate risk, which seeks to minimize exposure to changing interest rates through the matching of investment maturities with amounts due under insurance contracts.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)

(7) Commitments and Contingencies

Qualification of Life Products

In the first quarter of 2015, we announced that we identified that a substantial portion of the life insurance policies issued by our subsidiary insurance companies failed to qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment afforded by Sections 7702 and 7702A of the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") of 1986. This tax code section allows for qualifying products sold to clients to have favorable tax treatment such as the death benefit is not taxable. By identifying certain products that we have sold with the intention of this favorable tax treatment but in fact they do not qualify under the IRC rules, our policyholders may now be subject to additional tax liabilities. The policies at issue were primarily sold to non-U.S. citizens residing abroad. Based upon a review of the options available to the Company we have determined we will not remediate our endowments and endowment-like products under IRC 7702 we have sold to non-U.S. citizens. We do intend to remediate the domestic products we have sold to U.S. citizens. In addition, as part of our continuing review we identified in July of 2015 certain annuity contracts which do not contain qualifying language under IRC 72(s) as intended that would have provided for favorable tax treatment of the annuities. This issue affects both our domestic and international contract holders. Failure of these policies to qualify under IRC Sections 7702, 7702A and 72(s) has resulted in additional expenses as described below. The products have been and continue to be appropriately reported under U.S. GAAP for financial reporting.

The failure of these policies to qualify under Sections 7702 and 7702A resulted in additional expense recorded as of December 31, 2014 of $11.4 million, after tax, related to projected IRS toll charges and fees of $10.1 million as well as claims liability for past claims and reserves increases to bring policies into compliance totaling $1.3 million. The failure of the annuities to qualify under 72(s) resulted in $2.5 million additional pretax expense recorded as of June 30, 2015 related to projected IRS toll charges. These toll charges are not deductible for tax. The range of financial estimates relative to these issues is $13.9 million to $46.6 million, after tax. This estimated range includes projected toll charges representing policyholder tax liabilities plus interest and fees as well as increased claims liability for past claims and reserve increases to bring policies into compliance and other probable liabilities resulting from this tax compliance matter. Our estimated range reflects the uncertainties with respect to the required course of action and other matters unknown at this time. Currently, management believes there is not a specific estimable amount for these probable liabilities and expenses which is more likely than other specific amounts within our estimated range. The process of determining our estimated range was a complex undertaking including insight from external consultants and involved management’s judgment based upon a variety of factors known at the time. The Company has recorded the low end of the range in accordance with accounting guidance. In addition, we have recorded expenses of $1.3 million in 2015 and it is reasonably possible that we may incur additional costs associated with these issues in the current year related to system remediation and consulting costs. We believe these additional costs could be $0.5 million to $1.3 million but due to the uncertainty of actions we cannot reasonably estimate these costs with any reliability. Actual amounts incurred may exceed this estimate and will be recorded as they become probable and can be reasonably estimated.

Compliance

As part of our efforts to review and improve our compliance controls, we completed an internal risk assessment of our compliance with the Bank Secrecy Act ("BSA") anti-money laundering requirements. We are in the process of enhancing our BSA compliance program with additional controls based on our risk assessment. Although we are not yet able to determine the extent of any potential loss, we cannot assure you that the impact of any non-compliance will not have a material impact upon the company.

Unclaimed Property Contingencies

The Company has been informed by the Louisiana Department of Treasury, Arkansas Auditor of State and the Texas State Comptroller, that they authorized an audit of Citizens, Inc. and its affiliates for compliance with unclaimed property laws. This audit is being conducted by Verus Financial LLC on behalf of the states.

The external audit may result in additional payments to beneficiaries, additional escheatment of funds deemed abandoned under state laws, administrative penalties, interest, and changes to the Company's procedures for the identification and escheatment of abandoned property. The Company believes additional escheatment of funds in Arkansas or Texas will not be material to our financial condition or results. However, additional escheatment of funds in Louisiana, which may subsequently be deemed abandoned under the Louisiana Department of Treasury’s audit, could be substantial for SPLIC if the Louisiana Department of Treasury chooses to disregard recent unclaimed property litigation in favor of the insurance industry. At this time, the Company is not able to estimate any of these possible amounts. For more information about the risks related to these external unclaimed

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

September 30, 2015

(Unaudited)

property audits please see the Risk Factor in Item 1A titled “We are a defendant in lawsuits, which may adversely affect our financial condition and detract from the time our management is able to devote to our business, and we are subject to risks related to litigation and regulatory matters.”

Litigation

From time to time we are subject to legal and regulatory actions relating to our business. We defend all claims vigorously. As a result, we incur defense costs, including attorneys' fees, other direct litigation costs and the expenditure of management time that otherwise would be devoted to our business.

(8) Income Taxes

The effective tax rate was 174.1% and 29.1% for the three months and (121.1)% and 27.9% for the nine months of 2015 and 2014, respectively. The large negative effective tax rate for the nine month period in 2015 is due to the fact that the IRC Section 72(s) toll charges of $2.5 million are creating a pretax loss but are not deductible for tax. Additionally there is $0.6 million related to an uncertain tax position in the nine months ended September 30, 2015. In most periods where our effective tax rate is lower than the statutory tax rate of 35%, the difference is primarily due to tax-exempt state and local bond income. The effective tax rate in the current year is being impacted by the IRC Section 72(s) toll charges, as discussed in Note 7 Commitments and Contingencies, as these expenses are causing a pre tax loss in the nine month period ended September 30, 2015 but are not deductible for tax.

(9) Related Party Transactions

The Company has various routine related party transactions in conjunction with our holding company structure, such as a management service agreement related to costs incurred, a tax sharing agreement between entities, and inter-company dividends and capital contributions. There were no changes related to these relationships during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. In June 2015 CICA made a $1 million cash capital contribution to CNLIC. See our Annual Report on Form 10-K as of December 31, 2014 for a comprehensive discussion of related party transactions.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are not statements of historical fact and constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (the "Act"), including, without limitation, statements specifically identified as forward-looking statements within this document. Many of these statements contain risk factors as well. In addition, certain statements in future filings by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in press releases, and in oral and written statements made by us or with the approval of the Company, which are not statements of historical fact, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Act. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (i) projections of revenues, income or loss, earnings or loss per share, the payment or non-payment of dividends, capital structure, and other financial items, (ii) statements of our plans and objectives by our management or Board of Directors, including those relating to products or services, (iii) statements of future economic performance and (iv) statements of assumptions underlying such statements. Words such as "believes," "anticipates," "assumes," "estimates," "plans," "projects," "could," "expects," "intends," "targeted," "may," "will" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements.

Forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause the Company's future results to differ materially from expected results include, but are not limited to:


•	Changes in foreign and U.S. general economic, market, and political conditions, including the performance of financial markets and interest rates;


•	Changes in consumer behavior, which may affect the Company's ability to sell its products and retain business;


•	The timely development of and acceptance of new products of the Company and perceived overall value of these products and services by existing and potential customers;


•	Fluctuations in experience regarding current mortality, morbidity, persistency and interest rates relative to expected amounts used in pricing and actuarial valuation of the Company's products;


•	The performance of our investment portfolio, which may be adversely affected by changes in interest rates, adverse developments and ratings of issuers whose debt securities we may hold, and other adverse macroeconomic events;


•	Results of litigation we may be involved in;


•	Changes in assumptions related to deferred acquisition costs and the value of any businesses we may acquire;


•	Changes in liabilities associated with noncompliance of certain insurance products with Sections 7702, 7702A and 72(s) under the internal Revenue Code;


•	Regulatory, accounting or tax changes that may affect the cost of, or the demand for, the Company's products or services;


•	Our concentration of business from persons residing in Latin America and the Pacific Rim;


•	Changes in tax laws;


•	Effects of acquisitions and restructuring, including possible difficulties in integrating and realizing the projected results of acquisitions;


•	Changes in statutory or U.S. GAAP accounting principles, policies or practices;


•	Our success at managing risks involved in the foregoing; and


•	The risk factors discussed in "Part II. - Item 1A - Risk Factors." of this report.

Such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

We make available, free of charge, through our Internet website (http://www.citizensinc.com), our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Section 16 Reports filed by officers and directors, news releases, and, if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such reports with, or furnish such reports to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. We are not including any of the information contained on our website as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

Citizens is an insurance holding company serving the life insurance needs of individuals in the United States since 1969 and internationally since 1975. Through our insurance subsidiaries, we pursue a strategy of offering traditional insurance products in niche markets where we believe we are able to achieve competitive advantages. As of September 30, 2015, we had approximately $1.5 billion of total assets and approximately $4.7 billion of insurance in force. Our core insurance operations include issuing and servicing:


•	U.S. Dollar-denominated ordinary whole life insurance and endowment policies predominantly to high net worth, high income residents of foreign countries, principally in Latin America and the Pacific Rim through independent marketing consultants;


•	ordinary whole life insurance policies to middle income households concentrated in the Midwest and southern United States through independent marketing consultants; and


•	final expense and limited liability property policies to middle and lower income households in Louisiana, Arkansas and Mississippi through employee and independent agents in our home service distribution channel and funeral homes.

We were formed in 1969 by our Chairman Emeritus, Harold E. Riley. Prior to our formation, Mr. Riley had many years of experience in the international and domestic life insurance business. Our Company has experienced significant growth through acquisitions in the domestic market and through market expansion in the international market. We seek to capitalize on the experience of our management team in marketing and operations as we strive to generate bottom line return using knowledge of our niche markets and our well-established distribution channels.

Recent Developments

In October 2015, Rick Riley, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, assumed the leadership of our international business, replacing Randall H. Riley, an executive officer of our primary insurance subsidiary CICA Life Insurance Company of America.

Current Financial Highlights

Financial highlights for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014 were:


•	Insurance premiums rose for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015 to $48.9 million and $141.9 million in 2015 from $46.9 million and $136.3 million for the corresponding periods in 2014, an increase of 4.2% and 4.2% driven primarily by first year and renewal premiums in our life insurance segment.


•	Net investment income increased 9.1% and 10.6% for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015 compared to the corresponding periods in 2014. The average yield on the consolidated portfolio as of the nine months ended September 30, 2015 increased to an annualized rate of 4.24% up from 4.22% for the same period in 2014.


•	Other-than-temporary impairments were recorded for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015 totaling $2.4 million related to two bond mutual funds.


•	Claims and surrenders expense increased 12.7% and 15.3% for the three and nine months ended in 2015 compared to 2014 as death benefits reported in both insurance segments increased and surrender benefits increased in the life segment in the current year compared to 2014 levels.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015


•	Changes in reserves resulted in liability increases due to the increased sales of endowment products that build up reserves at a faster pace than whole life longer-term mortality based products.

•

General expenses have increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 due to an additional tax compliance issue that was identified in July of 2015 related to annuities compliance under the Internal Revenue Code Section 72(s) which resulted in recording an expense estimate of $2.5 million for IRS toll charges. Additional consulting expenses incurred for these tax compliance issues to date on a consolidated level totaled approximately $1.3 million.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Our Operating Segments

Our business is comprised of three operating business segments, as detailed below.


•	Life Insurance


•	Home Service Insurance


•	Other Non-Insurance Enterprises

Our insurance operations are the primary focus of the Company, as those operations generate the majority of our income. See the discussion under Segment Operations for detailed analysis. The amount of insurance, number of policies, and average face amounts of ordinary life policies issued during the periods indicated are shown below.



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015					2014
	Amount of Insurance Issued		Number of Policies Issued	Average Policy Face Amount Issued		Amount of Insurance Issued		Number of Policies Issued	Average Policy Face Amount Issued
Life	$	271,462,375	4,854	$	55,925	$	272,101,881	4,546	$	59,855
Home Service	145,190,327		21,790	6,663		146,472,655		21,830	6,710

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Note: All discussions below compare or state results for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2015 compared to the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2014.

Consolidated Results of Operations

A discussion of consolidated results is presented below, followed by a discussion of segment operations and financial results by segment.

Revenues

Revenues are generated primarily by insurance premiums and investment income on invested assets.



	Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	September 30,					September 30,
	2015			2014		2015			2014
	(In thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums:
Life insurance	$	47,219		45,234		$	136,866		131,298
Accident and health insurance	387			394		1,183			1,135
Property insurance	1,302			1,295		3,885			3,832
Net investment income	11,325			10,384		33,595			30,373
Realized investment losses, net	(2,407		)	(222	)	(2,486		)	(351	)
Other income	298			145		1,020			477
Total revenues	$	58,124		57,230		$	174,063		166,764

Premium Income. Premium income derived from life, accident and health, and property insurance sales increased 4.2% for both the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015 compared to the same periods ended September 30, 2014. The increase is generated primarily from an increase in the life segment first year and renewal business.

Net investment income performance is summarized as follows.



	September 30,			December 31,		September 30,
	2015			2014		2014
	(In thousands, except for %)
Net investment income, annualized	$	44,794		41,062		40,498
Average invested assets, at amortized cost	1,056,930			976,079		960,266
Annualized yield on average invested assets	4.24		%	4.21	%	4.22	%

The annualized yield has remained relatively consistent as a change in portfolio mix has mitigated the impact of reinvestment in the current low rate environment.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Investment income from debt securities accounted for approximately 84.1% of total investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.



	Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	September 30,					September 30,
	2015			2014		2015			2014
	(In thousands)
Gross investment income:
Fixed maturity securities	$	9,947		9,189		$	29,524		27,317
Equity securities	636			510		1,903			1,356
Mortgage loans	9			10		27			32
Policy loans	1,172			1,049		3,402			3,080
Long-term investments	62			73		209			218
Other investment income	—			12		34			36
Total investment income	11,826			10,843		35,099			32,039
Investment expenses	(501		)	(459	)	(1,504		)	(1,666	)
Net investment income	$	11,325		10,384		$	33,595		30,373

The consolidated invested asset portfolio has increased approximately 5.0% from year end 2014 to September 30, 2015 with, primarily, investments in the fixed maturity securities portfolio accounting for the most significant increase in investment income. Bond mutual funds are the primary source of dividend income in the equity securities holdings. In addition, the increase in policy loans, which represents policyholders utilizing their accumulated policy cash value, contributed to the increase to investment income.

Realized Investment Losses, Net. Other-than-temporary impairments were recorded for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015 totaling $2.4 million related to two bond mutual funds. In addition, net losses for the three and nine months ended of 2015 and 2014 were due to issuer calls. A substantial portion of the loss from calls for both years related to sinking par calls on bonds purchased at a premium which resulted in a loss.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Benefits and Expenses



	Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	September 30,					September 30,
	2015			2014		2015			2014
	(In thousands)
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	$	19,528		17,326		$	58,171		50,451
Increase in future policy benefit reserves	19,276			19,307		56,334			56,984
Policyholders' dividends	2,719			2,573		7,568			7,087
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	41,523			39,206		122,073			114,522
Commissions	11,388			11,116		32,052			31,429
Other general expenses	6,958			6,029		24,954			19,979
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(8,482		)	(8,126	)	(23,374		)	(22,617	)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	6,271			5,276		17,217			15,378
Amortization of cost of customer relationships acquired	605			453		1,768			1,598
Total benefits and expenses	$	58,263		53,954		$	174,690		160,289

Claims and Surrenders. A detail of claims and surrender benefits is provided below.



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2015		2014		2015	2014
	(In thousands)
Death claims	$	5,717	5,039	$	18,723	16,581
Surrender benefits	8,096		7,091		23,007	18,141
Endowments	4,044		4,023		12,029	12,110
Property claims	519		439		1,304	1,153
Accident and health benefits	58		111		233	386
Other policy benefits	1,094		623		2,875	2,080
Total claims and surrenders	$	19,528	17,326	$	58,171	50,451


•	Death claims increased 13.5% and increased 12.9% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the same periods in 2014. We experienced unfavorable claims development in the nine months ended September 30, 2015 for both the life and home service segments. Mortality experience is closely monitored by the Company and the activity is within expected levels.


•	Surrenders increased by 14.2% and 26.8% in the current three and nine month periods compared to 2014 primarily due to activity in the life segment. This increased surrender activity is in the later durations after the surrender charge periods are concluded.

Increase in Future Policy Benefit Reserves. The decrease in future policy benefit reserves for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same period in 2014, is due to the increase in surrenders noted above.

Policyholder Dividends. The majority of our international policies are participating, and the dividends are factored into the premium rates charged. As policy provisioned dividend rates generally increase each year that a policy is in force, dividend expense is expected to increase as this block of insurance becomes more seasoned.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Commissions. Commission expense is directly related to new and renewal insurance premium fluctuations and production levels by agents and associates. Commission expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 fluctuated directly in relation to the increase of first year and increase of renewal premiums in the life segment compared to premium levels for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014.

Other General Expenses. The Company recorded an expense of $2.5 million related to the annuity tax compliance issue that was identified in July of 2015. Expenses also increased in the current year due to $1.3 million of consulting costs associated with the tax compliance issues discovered in 2015. We also incurred additional audit related costs of $0.4 million in the current year. Additionally, there are expenses for nine months related to MGLIC as of September 30, 2015 compared to only seven months of expenses in 2014 due to the March acquisition date.

Capitalized and Amortized Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs. Costs capitalized under current accounting guidance include certain commissions, policy issuance costs, and underwriting and agency expenses that relate to successful sales efforts for insurance contracts. The increase for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014 was the result of an increase in first year premium production in the current periods, which increased capitalized amounts. 90% of the premium revenue increase in 2015, is attributed to renewal premiums. Commissions paid on renewal premiums are significantly lower than those paid on first year business.

Amortization for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, increased compared to the same periods in 2014 due to the higher surrenders in 2015. Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs is impacted by persistency and may fluctuate from year to year.

Federal Income Tax. The effective tax rate was 174.1% and 29.1% for the three months and (121.1)% and 27.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The large negative effective tax rate for the nine month period in 2015 is due to the fact that the IRC Section 72(s) toll charges of $2.5 million are creating a pretax loss but are not deductible for tax. Additionally there is $0.6 million related to an uncertain tax position in the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Differences between our effective tax rate and the statutory tax rate result from income and expense items that are treated differently for financial reporting and tax purposes. See Note 8 - Income Taxes in the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.

Segment Operations

The Company has three reportable segments: Life Insurance, Home Service Insurance and Other Non-Insurance Enterprises. These segments are reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The Company evaluates profit and loss performance of its segments based on net income or loss before income taxes.



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2015			2014	2015			2014
	(In thousands)
Life Insurance	$	(846	)	1,192	$	(1,618	)	2,276
Home Service Insurance	798			2,075	1,733			4,943
Other Non-Insurance Enterprises	(91		)	9	(742		)	(744	)
Total	$	(139	)	3,276	$	(627	)	6,475

Life Insurance

Our Life Insurance segment issues ordinary whole life insurance domestically and U.S. Dollar-denominated ordinary whole-life policies to foreign residents. These contracts are designed to provide a fixed amount of insurance coverage over the life of the insured. Additionally, the Company issues endowment contracts, which are principally accumulation contracts that incorporate

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

an element of life insurance protection. For the majority of our business, we retain only the first $100,000 of risk on any one life. We operate this segment through our CICA and CNLIC insurance subsidiaries.

International Sales

We focus our sales of U.S. Dollar-denominated ordinary whole life insurance and endowment policies to high net worth, high income residents in Latin America and the Pacific Rim. We have successfully participated in the foreign marketplace since 1975, and we continue to seek opportunities for expansion of our foreign operations. We believe positive attributes of our international insurance business include:


•	larger face amount policies typically issued when compared to our U.S. operations, which results in lower underwriting and administrative costs per unit of coverage;


•	premiums typically paid annually rather than monthly or quarterly, which reduces our administrative expenses, accelerates cash flow and results in lower policy lapse rates than premiums with more frequently scheduled payments; and


•	comparable persistency levels and mortality rates as experienced with U.S. policies.

International Products

We offer several ordinary whole life insurance and endowment products designed to meet the needs of our non-U.S. policyowners. These policies have been structured to provide:


•	U.S. Dollar-denominated cash values that accumulate, beginning in the first policy year, to a policyholder during his or her lifetime;


•	premium rates that are competitive with or better than most foreign local companies;


•	a hedge against local currency inflation;


•	protection against devaluation of foreign currency;


•	capital investment in the United States’ more secure economic environment; and


•	lifetime income guarantees for an insured or for surviving beneficiaries.

Our international products have living benefit features. Every policy contains guaranteed cash values and most are participating (i.e., provides for cash dividends as apportioned by the board of directors). Once a policyowner pays the annual premium and the policy is issued, we immediately pay the owner a cash dividend as well as an annual guaranteed endowment, if elected. The policyowner has several options with regard to the dividend and annual guaranteed endowments, including the right to assign policy values to our stock investment plan, registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act") and administered in the United States by our unaffiliated transfer agent.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

The following table sets forth, by country, our direct premiums from our international life insurance business for the periods indicated.



	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	September 30,			September 30,
	2015		2014	2015		2014
	(In thousands)
Country
Venezuela	$	8,162	7,984	$	23,596	22,523
Colombia	6,353		7,268	19,627		20,065
Taiwan	4,303		3,392	12,799		11,460
Ecuador	3,931		3,559	11,598		11,077
Argentina	2,716		2,226	7,104		6,270
Other Non-U.S.	10,650		9,362	28,471		26,049
Total	$	36,115	33,791	$	103,195	97,444

We continue to report increased sales from our top producing countries as noted above. Our international business and premium collections could be impacted by future changes relative to laws, regulations or economic events in the countries from which we accept applications as well as, by marketing or operational changes made by the Company.

Domestic Sales

In the Midwest, Mountain West and the southern United States, we seek to serve middle income households through the sale of cash accumulation ordinary whole life insurance products. The majority of our inforce business results from blocks of business of insurance companies we have acquired over the past fifteen years.

Domestic Products

Our domestic life insurance products focus primarily on living needs and provide benefits focused toward accumulating money for living benefits while providing a modest death benefit for the policyowner. The features of our domestic life insurance products include:


•	cash accumulation/living benefits;


•	tax-deferred annuity interest earnings;


•	guaranteed lifetime income or monthly income options for the policyowner or surviving family members;


•	accidental death benefit coverage options; and


•	an option to waive premium payments in the event of disability.

Our life insurance products are principally designed to address the insured's concern about outliving his or her monthly income, while at the same time providing death benefits. The primary purpose of our product portfolio is to help the insured create capital for needs such as retirement income, children's higher education funds, business opportunities, emergencies and extraordinary health care needs.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

The following table sets forth our direct premiums by state for the periods indicated.



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2015		2014		2015	2014
	(In thousands)
State
Texas	$	575	564	$	1,801	1,746
Indiana	335		353		1,053	1,040
Florida	173		166		434	429
Kentucky	103		107		329	337
Missouri	87		80		308	330
Other States	427		612		1,352	1,582
Total	$	1,700	1,882	$	5,277	5,464

A number of domestic life insurance companies we acquired had blocks of accident and health insurance policies, which we did not consider to be a core part of our business. We have ceded the majority of our accident and health insurance business to an unaffiliated insurance company under a coinsurance agreement.

The results of operations for the life insurance segment for the periods indicated are as follows.



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2015			2014			2015		2014
	(In thousands)
Revenue:
Premiums	$	37,213		35,359		$	106,899		101,739
Net investment income	7,512			6,660			22,130		19,409
Realized investment losses, net	(1,901		)	(159	)		(1,959	)	(271	)
Other income	217			130			591		406
Total revenue	43,041			41,990			127,661		121,283
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	13,727			12,205			40,752		34,183
Increase in future policy benefit reserves	18,337			18,314			52,964		54,139
Policyholders' dividends	2,708			2,560			7,530		7,043
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	34,772			33,079			101,246		95,365
Commissions	7,609			7,351			20,450		20,073
Other general expenses	3,026			2,464			11,057		8,269
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(7,050		)	(6,708	)		(18,816	)	(18,215	)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	5,359			4,449			14,849		13,061
Amortization of cost of customer relationships acquired	171			163			493		454
Total benefits and expenses	43,887			40,798			129,279		119,007
Income (loss) before income tax expense	$	(846	)	1,192		$	(1,618	)	2,276

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Premiums. Premium revenues increased for the three and nine month period ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014 due primarily to international new and renewal business showing positive growth and strong persistency as this block of insurance ages. First year premium revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, reflected sales internationally with endowment to age sixty-five and the twenty-year endowment products continuing as the top performers in the current year.

Life insurance premium breakout is detailed below.



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2015		2014		2015	2014
	(In thousands)
Premiums:
First year	$	6,055	5,709	$	15,609	14,984
Renewal	31,158		29,650		91,290	86,755
Total premiums	$	37,213	35,359	$	106,899	101,739

Net Investment Income. Net investment income increased as the impact of the sustained low interest rate environment has leveled and yields are beginning to rise modestly.



	Nine Months Ended			Year Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,			December 31,		September 30,
	2015			2014		2014
	(In thousands, except for %)
Net investment income, annualized	$	29,507		26,454		25,879
Average invested assets, at amortized cost	692,469			623,498		611,257
Annualized yield on average invested assets	4.26		%	4.24	%	4.23	%

Realized Investment Losses, Net. Other-than-temporary impairments were recorded for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015 totaling $1.9 million related to two bond mutual funds. Net losses for the three and nine months ended of September 30, 2015 and 2014 were also due to issuer calls. A substantial portion of the loss for both years related to sinking par calls on bonds purchased at a premium which resulted in a loss upon the call date.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Claims and Surrenders. These amounts fluctuate from period to period but were within anticipated ranges based upon management's expectations.



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2015		2014		2015	2014
	(In thousands)
Death claims	$	1,301	1,378	$	5,177	4,353
Surrender benefits	7,313		6,208		20,831	15,750
Endowment benefits	4,038		4,014		12,015	12,094
Accident and health benefits	73		81		205	200
Other policy benefits	1,002		524		2,524	1,786
Total claims and surrenders	$	13,727	12,205	$	40,752	34,183


•	Death claims expense was favorable for the three months and unfavorable for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 based upon reported claims. We experienced several higher value claims in the first quarter of this year. Mortality experience is closely monitored by the Company as a key performance indicator and these amounts were within expected levels.


•	Surrenders increased in the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015 by 17.8% and 32.3% compared to 2014. The majority of policy surrender benefits paid is attributable to our international business and was related to policies that have been in force nearly twenty years, where surrender charges are no longer applicable.


•	Endowment benefit expense primarily results from the election by policyholders of a product feature providing an annual guaranteed benefit. This is a fixed benefit over the life of the contract, thus this expense will increase with new sales and improved persistency.


•	Other policy benefits resulted primarily from interest paid on premium deposits and policy benefit accumulations and increased as these policy liabilities also increased.

Increase in Future Policy Benefit Reserves. Policy benefit reserves decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to the increase in surrenders noted above. Endowment sales sold to our international clients represented approximately 86% and 83% of total new first year premium for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Commissions. Commission expense increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014. This expense fluctuates directly with new premium revenues and commission rates paid are higher on first year premium sales, which were up for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014. Renewal premiums for the three and nine months, for which we pay commissions at lower rates, were also up from the prior year.

Other General Expenses. These expenses are allocated by segment, based upon an annual expense study performed by the Company. Expenses were up for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014 as the Company recorded an expense of $1.9 million related to the annuity tax compliance issue that was identified in July of 2015. In addition, expenses are higher due to the increased consulting fees for actuarial, tax and legal services related to the tax compliance issues identified in the current year.

Capitalization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs ("DAC"). Capitalized costs fluctuate in direct relation to commissions increasing for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, based upon first year and renewal premiums and commissions paid compared to 2014.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs. Amortization for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 increased and was impacted by overall lower persistency related to this segment. As previously noted, persistency is monitored closely by the Company and was within expectations.

Home Service Insurance

We operate in the Home Service insurance market through our subsidiaries Security Plan Life Insurance Company ("SPLIC"), Magnolia Guaranty Life Insurance Company ("MGLIC") and Security Plan Fire Insurance Company ("SPFIC"), and focus on the life insurance needs of the middle and lower income markets, primarily in Louisiana, Mississippi and Arkansas. Our policies are sold and serviced through a home service marketing distribution system of employee-agents who work full time on a route system and through funeral homes that sell policies, collect premiums and service policyholders.

In March of 2014 we completed the acquisition of MGLIC which is a wholly owned subsidiary of SPLIC. MGLIC is licensed in Mississippi and customarily sells policies through independent funeral homes. As part of the conversion process and transitioning policy administration to our computer system, we identified some operational challenges that we are working to enhance. The risk profile of this business is higher than the debit based agent collections since the funeral home is the agent and beneficiary to the claims in many cases. We are in the process of incorporating policyholder direct mail and contact within the MGLIC operations to help mitigate risks. We anticipate that our Mississippi clients will experience enhanced support from the affiliated companies and operational benefits.

The following table sets forth our direct premiums by state for the periods indicated.



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2015		2014		2015	2014
	(In thousands)
State
Louisiana	$	10,637	10,559	$	31,906	31,614
Mississippi	679		643		1,979	1,803
Arkansas	379		413		1,189	1,242
Other States	229		194		657	614
Total	$	11,924	11,809	$	35,731	35,273

We recorded nine full months of premium related to MGLIC in Mississippi for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to only seven months in 2014, due to the acquisition date in March of 2014.

Home Service Insurance Products

Our home service insurance products consist primarily of small face amount ordinary whole life and pre-need policies, which are designed to fund final expenses for the insured, primarily consisting of funeral and burial costs. To a much lesser extent, our home service insurance segment sells limited-liability, named-peril property policies covering dwellings and contents. We provide $30,000 maximum coverage on any one dwelling and contents, while content only coverage and dwelling only coverage is limited to $20,000, respectively.

We provide final expense ordinary life insurance and annuity products primarily to middle and lower income individuals in Louisiana, Mississippi and Arkansas.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

The results of operations for the home service insurance segment for the periods indicated are as follows.



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2015			2014			2015		2014
	(In thousands)
Revenue:
Premiums	$	11,695		11,564		$	35,035		34,526
Net investment income	3,436			3,389			10,341		9,958
Realized investment losses, net	(506		)	(63	)		(527	)	(81	)
Other income	8			3			78		7
Total revenue	14,633			14,893			44,927		44,410
Benefits and expenses:
Insurance benefits paid or provided:
Claims and surrenders	5,801			5,121			17,419		16,268
Increase in future policy benefit reserves	939			993			3,370		2,845
Policyholders' dividends	11			13			38		44
Total insurance benefits paid or provided	6,751			6,127			20,827		19,157
Commissions	3,779			3,765			11,602		11,356
Other general expenses	3,391			3,227			11,680		9,895
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(1,432		)	(1,418	)		(4,558	)	(4,402	)
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	912			827			2,368		2,317
Amortization of cost of customer relationships acquired	434			290			1,275		1,144
Total benefits and expenses	13,835			12,818			43,194		39,467
Income before income tax expense	$	798		2,075		$	1,733		4,943

Premiums. Premiums increased for the three and nine month period ended September 30, 2015, compared to 2014 primarily because 2015 includes three and nine months of premiums for MGLIC whereas 2014 had three and seven months of premiums, based upon the acquisition date of March 2014.

Net Investment Income. Net investment income for our home service insurance segment was as follows.



	Nine Months Ended			Year Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,			December 31,		September 30,
	2015			2014		2014
	(In thousands, except for %)
Net investment income, annualized	$	13,788		13,234		13,299
Average invested assets, at amortized cost	303,219			296,355		293,887
Annualized yield on average invested assets	4.55		%	4.52	%	4.53	%

Realized Investment Losses, Net. Other-than-temporary impairments were recorded for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015 totaling $0.5 million related to two bond mutual funds. Realized losses for the periods presented are also related to calls of debt securities.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Claims and Surrenders. Claims and surrenders increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014, based upon reported claims compared to the prior year, but were within expected ranges.



	Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	September 30,					September 30,
	2015			2014		2015	2014
	(In thousands)
Death claims	$	4,417		3,661	$	13,546	12,228
Surrender benefits	782			883		2,176	2,391
Endowment benefits	6			9		14	16
Property claims	519			439		1,304	1,153
Accident and health benefits	(15		)	30		28	186
Other policy benefits	92			99		351	294
Total claims and surrenders	$	5,801		5,121	$	17,419	16,268


•	Death claims expense fluctuates based upon reported claims. We experienced a higher number of reported claims in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015. Mortality experience is closely monitored by the Company as a key performance indicator and amounts were within expected levels.


•	Surrender benefits decreased 11.4% and 9.0% for the three and nine months ended in 2015 compared to the same periods in 2014.


•	Property claims increased 18.2% and 13.1% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 as we experienced more weather related claims in 2015.

Increase in Future Policy Benefit Reserves. The Company recorded an increase in future policy benefit reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the corresponding period in 2014 again due to the fact that MGLIC was included in results for nine months in 2015 and only seven months in 2014.

Commissions. Commission expense fluctuated for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014 consistent with premium collections.

Other General Expenses. Expenses are allocated by segment based upon an annual expense study performed by the Company and increased between 2015 and 2014 as the Company recorded an expense of $0.6 million related to the annuity tax compliance issue that was identified in July of 2015. In addition, expenses are higher due to the increased consulting fees for actuarial, tax and legal services related to the tax compliance issues identified in the current year. Expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 reflect three and nine full months of MGLIC related expenses whereas 2014 only reflects three and seven months, as noted previously.

Capitalization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs ("DAC"). Capitalized costs increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, as commission expense also increased during the periods. DAC capitalization is directly correlated to fluctuations in new business and commissions.

Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs. Amortization for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 fluctuated compared to the corresponding periods in 2014 as this segment experienced persistency changes compared to the prior year, which results in lower or high amortization.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Other Non-Insurance Enterprises

This segment represents the administrative support entities to the insurance operations whose revenues are primarily intercompany and have been eliminated in consolidation under GAAP. The segment loss reported for the three and nine months of 2015 and 2014 is typical since the elimination of intercompany revenue is its primary source of revenue.

Investments

The administration of our investment portfolios is handled by our management, pursuant to board-approved investment guidelines, with all trading activity approved by a committee of each entity's respective boards of directors. The guidelines used require that fixed maturities, both government and corporate, are investment grade and comprise a majority of the investment portfolio. State insurance statutes prescribe the quality and percentage of the various types of investments that may be made by insurance companies and generally permit investment in qualified state, municipal, federal and foreign government obligations, high quality corporate bonds, preferred and common stock, mortgage loans and real estate within certain specified percentages. The assets are intended to mature in accordance with the average maturity of the insurance products and to provide the cash flow for our insurance company subsidiaries to meet their respective policyholder obligations.

The following table shows the carrying value of our investments by investment category and cash and cash equivalents, and the percentage of each to total invested cash, cash equivalents and investments.



	September 30, 2015			December 31, 2014
	Carrying Value		% of Total Carrying Value	Carrying Value		% of Total Carrying Value
	(In thousands)			(In thousands)
Marketable debt securities:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	52,637	4.5	$	55,246	5.0
States and political subdivisions	693,659		59.7	615,230		55.1
Corporate	234,079		20.2	257,867		23.1
Mortgage-backed (1)	3,167		0.3	3,681		0.3
Foreign governments	134		—	135		—
Short-term investments	254		—	—		—
Total marketable debt securities	983,930		84.7	932,159		83.5
Cash and cash equivalents	42,831		3.7	50,708		4.5
Other investments:
Policy loans	58,968		5.1	54,032		4.8
Equity securities	66,668		5.7	69,879		6.3
Mortgage loans	599		0.1	628		0.1
Real estate	8,000		0.7	8,131		0.8
Other long-term investments	76		—	135		—
Total cash, cash equivalents and investments	$	1,161,072	100.0	$	1,115,672	100.0

⁽¹⁾ Includes $2.7 million and $3.2 million of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises at September 30, 2015, and December 31, 2014, respectively.

Cash and cash equivalents decreased as of September 30, 2015 due to timing of cash inflows and investment into marketable securities.

The held-to-maturity portfolio as of September 30, 2015 represented 25.2% of the total fixed maturity securities owned based upon carrying values, with the remaining 74.8% classified as available-for-sale. Held-to-maturity securities are reported in the financial statements at amortized cost and available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

The following table sets forth the distribution of the credit ratings of our portfolio of fixed maturity securities by carrying value as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.



	September 30, 2015			December 31, 2014
	Carrying Value		% of Total Carrying Value	Carrying Value		% of Total Carrying Value
	(In thousands)			(In thousands)
AAA	$	75,866	7.7	$	70,572	7.6
AA	480,557		48.8	431,779		46.3
A	243,903		24.8	256,626		27.5
BBB	153,184		15.6	141,690		15.2
BB and other	30,420		3.1	31,492		3.4
Totals	$	983,930	100.0	$	932,159	100.0

Credit ratings reported for the periods indicated are assigned by a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (“NRSRO”) such as Moody’s Investors Service, Standard & Poor’s or Fitch Ratings. A credit rating assigned by an NRSRO is a quality based rating, with AAA representing the highest quality and D the lowest, with BBB and above being considered investment grade. In addition, the Company may use credit ratings of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) Securities Valuation Office (“SVO”) as assigned, if there is no NRSRO rating. Securities rated by the SVO are grouped in the equivalent NRSRO category as stated by the SVO and securities that are not rated by an NRSRO are included in the “other” category.

The Company has no direct sovereign European debt exposure as of September 30, 2015. We do have indirect exposure in one bond mutual fund holding, but the amount is deemed immaterial to the current investment holdings and consolidated financials.

As of September 30, 2015, the Company held municipal securities that include third party guarantees. Detailed below is a presentation by NRSRO rating of our municipal holdings by funding type.

Municipals shown including third party guarantees



	September 30, 2015
	General Obligation			Special Revenue		Other		Total		% Based on
	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Amortized Cost
	(In thousands)
AAA	$	54,523	51,934	19,196	18,350	—	—	73,719	70,284	10.4
AA	144,465		139,895	250,053	240,798	20,940	19,950	415,458	400,643	59.0
A	34,860		34,599	131,455	127,286	9,683	9,309	175,998	171,194	25.2
BBB	3,694		4,185	22,728	22,153	569	575	26,991	26,913	4.0
BB and other	3,518		4,334	5,007	5,209	—	—	8,525	9,543	1.4
Total	$	241,060	234,947	428,439	413,796	31,192	29,834	700,691	678,577	100.0

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Municipals shown excluding third party guarantees



	September 30, 2015
	General Obligation			Special Revenue		Other		Total		% Based on
	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Amortized Cost
	(In thousands)
AAA	$	25,159	24,829	2,742	2,711	—	—	27,901	27,540	4.1
AA	116,660		112,330	214,656	206,529	17,680	16,692	348,996	335,551	49.4
A	41,019		39,452	139,241	134,493	11,237	10,921	191,497	184,866	27.2
BBB	7,136		8,368	22,157	20,830	—	—	29,293	29,198	4.3
BB and other	51,086		49,968	49,643	49,233	2,275	2,221	103,004	101,422	15.0
Total	$	241,060	234,947	428,439	413,796	31,192	29,834	700,691	678,577	100.0

The Company held investments in special revenue bonds that had a greater than 10% exposure based upon activity as noted in the table below.



	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	% of Total Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Utilities	$	134,568	129,777	19.2

Education	87,440		83,969	12.5

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

The tables below represent the Company's exposure of municipal holdings in Louisiana and Texas, which exceed 10% of the total municipal portfolio as of September 30, 2015.



	September 30, 2015
	General Obligation			Special Revenue		Other		Total
	Fair Value		Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Amortized Cost
	(In thousands)
Louisiana securities including third party guarantees
AA	$	8,584	8,520	24,506	23,177	—	—	33,090	31,697
A	6,778		6,657	9,571	9,341	—	—	16,349	15,998
BBB	—		—	382	391	—	—	382	391
BB and other	—		—	4,518	4,720	—	—	4,518	4,720
Total	$	15,362	15,177	38,977	37,629	—	—	54,339	52,806
Louisiana securities excluding third party guarantees
AA	$	9,173	8,906	22,242	21,216	—	—	31,415	30,122
A	5,687		5,746	9,000	8,679	—	—	14,687	14,425
BBB	—		—	2,521	2,299	—	—	2,521	2,299
BB and other	502		525	5,214	5,435	—	—	5,716	5,960
Total	$	15,362	15,177	38,977	37,629	—	—	54,339	52,806
Texas securities including third party guarantees
AAA	$	52,941	50,446	12,212	11,556	—	—	65,153	62,002
AA	47,081		46,041	26,812	26,027	—	—	73,893	72,068
A	3,405		3,365	17,993	17,269	—	—	21,398	20,634
BBB	—		—	10,056	9,523	—	—	10,056	9,523
BB and other	563		545	—	—	—	—	563	545
Total	$	103,990	100,397	67,073	64,375	—	—	171,063	164,772
Texas securities excluding third party guarantees
AAA	$	24,705	24,383	2,162	2,144	—	—	26,867	26,527
AA	53,274		50,551	28,432	27,166	—	—	81,706	77,717
A	7,071		6,827	18,630	17,834	—	—	25,701	24,661
BBB	1,269		1,171	7,993	7,496	—	—	9,262	8,667
BB and other	17,671		17,465	9,856	9,735			27,527	27,200
Total	$	103,990	100,397	67,073	64,375	—	—	171,063	164,772

The Company invests in municipal securities of issuers in the state of Louisiana and receives a credit that reduces its premium tax liability in that state. At September 30, 2015, total holdings of municipal securities in Louisiana represented 7.8% of all municipal holdings based upon fair value. The Company also holds 24.4% of its municipal holdings in Texas issuers. There were no other states or individual issuer holdings that represented or exceeded 10% of the total municipal portfolio as of September 30, 2015.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Valuation of Investments

We evaluate the carrying value of our fixed maturity and equity securities at least quarterly. The Company monitors all debt and equity securities on an on-going basis relative to changes in credit ratings, market prices, earnings trends and financial performance, in addition to specific region or industry reviews. The assessment of whether impairments have occurred is based on a case-by-case evaluation of underlying reasons for the decline in fair value. The Company determines other-than-temporary impairment by reviewing all relevant evidence related to the specific security issuer as well as the Company's intent to sell the security, or if it is more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell a security before recovery of its amortized cost.

When an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred, the amount of the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in earnings depends on whether the Company intends to sell the security or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If the Company intends to sell the security or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the investment's cost and its fair value at the balance sheet date. If the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the other-than-temporary impairment is separated into the following: a) the amount representing the credit loss; and b) the amount related to all other factors. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to the credit loss is recognized in earnings. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. The previous amortized cost basis less the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in earnings becomes the new amortized cost basis of the investment. The new amortized cost basis is not adjusted for subsequent recoveries in fair value.

The Company did recognize an other-than-temporary impairment of $2.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 but no impairments for the same periods in 2014.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity refers to a company's ability to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the needs of its operations. Liquidity is managed on insurance operations and seeks to ensure stable and reliable sources of cash flows to meet obligations provided by a variety of sources.

Liquidity requirements of the Company are met primarily by funds provided from operations. Premium deposits and revenues, investment income and investment maturities are the primary sources of funds, while investment purchases, policy benefits, and operating expenses are the primary uses of funds. We historically have not had to liquidate investments relative to our insurance operations to provide cash flow and did not do so during the first nine months of 2015. Our investments as of September 30, 2015, consist of 65.8% of marketable debt securities classified as available-for-sale that could be readily converted to cash for liquidity needs.

A primary liquidity concern is the risk of an extraordinary level of early policyholder withdrawals. We include provisions within our insurance policies, such as surrender charges, that help limit and discourage early withdrawals. Since these contractual withdrawals, as well as the level of surrenders experienced, were largely consistent with our assumptions in asset liability management, our associated cash outflows have, to date, not had an adverse impact on our overall liquidity. Individual life insurance policies are less susceptible to withdrawal than annuity reserves and deposit liabilities because policyholders may incur surrender charges and undergo a new underwriting process in order to obtain a new insurance policy. Cash flow projections and cash flow tests under various market interest rate scenarios are also performed annually to assist in evaluating liquidity needs and adequacy. We currently anticipate that available liquidity sources and future cash flows will be adequate to meet our needs for funds.

Cash flows from our insurance operations have been sufficient to meet current needs. Cash flows from operating activities were $62.7 million and $66.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. We have traditionally also had significant cash flows from both scheduled and unscheduled investment security maturities, redemptions, and prepayments. These cash flows, for the most part, are reinvested in fixed income securities. Net cash outflows from investing

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

activities totaled $72.7 million and $66.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The investing activities fluctuate from period to period due to timing of securities activities such as calls and maturities and reinvestment of those funds.

In the first quarter of 2015, we announced that we identified that a substantial portion of the life insurance policies issued by our subsidiary insurance companies failed to qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment afforded by Sections 7702 and 7702A of the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") of 1986. In addition, in July 2015 we identified certain annuity contracts that do not contain required language under IRC Section 72(s) and therefore do not qualify as annuities for tax purposes. As a result of these discoveries, we established a reserve of $11.4 million as of December 31, 2014 and an additional $2.5 million as of June 30, 2015 for probable expenses and liabilities associated with this tax compliance matter, which amount represents the low end of management’s estimated range of those probable expenses and liabilities of $13.9 million to $46.6 million, net of tax. This estimated range includes projected toll charges and fees as well as increased claims liability for past claims and reserve increases to bring policies into compliance and other probable liabilities resulting from this tax compliance matter. Our estimated range reflects the uncertainties with respect to the required course of action and other matters unknown at this time. Currently, management believes there is not a specific estimable amount for these probable liabilities and expenses which is more likely than other specific amounts within our estimated range. The process of determining our estimated range was a complex undertaking including insight from external consultants and involved management’s judgment based upon a variety of factors known at the time. Given the number of factors considered and the significant variables assumed in establishing our estimated range, actual amounts incurred may exceed our reserve and may exceed the high end of our estimated range of expenses and liabilities.

This tax compliance issue impacts our policyholders and their tax liabilities relative to these products that fail 7702 qualifications and will not be remediated. The exposure related to future sales or products in force is unknown at this time. Policyholders could decide to surrender their policies due to this issue which would subsequently result in higher cash outflows due to an increase in surrender activity.

Dividends are declared and paid from time to time from the insurance affiliates as determined by their respective boards.

The NAIC has established minimum capital requirements in the form of Risk-Based Capital ("RBC"). RBC factors the type of business written by an insurance company, the quality of its assets, and various other aspects of an insurance company's business to develop a minimum level of capital called "authorized control level risk-based capital" and compares this level to adjusted statutory capital that includes capital and surplus as reported under statutory accounting principles, plus certain investment reserves. Should the ratio of adjusted statutory capital to control level RBC fall below 200%, a series of remedial actions by the affected company would be required. Capital balances could be impacted by this tax compliance issue for the insurance companies affected. The holding company would anticipate funding the life companies as needed to keep capital amounts within required levels.

All insurance subsidiaries were above the RBC minimums at September 30, 2015.

Contractual Obligations and Off-balance Sheet Arrangements

There have been no material changes in contractual obligations from those reported in the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. The Company does not have off-balance sheet arrangements at September 30, 2015. We do not utilize special purpose entities as investment vehicles, nor are there any such entities in which we have an investment that engage in speculative activities of any nature, and we do not use such investments to hedge our investment positions.

Parent Company Liquidity and Capital Resources

Citizens is a holding company and has had minimal operations of its own. Its assets consist primarily of the capital stock of its subsidiaries, cash, fixed income securities, mutual funds and investment real estate. Accordingly, Citizens' cash flows depend upon the availability of statutorily permissible payments, primarily payments under management agreements from its two primary life insurance subsidiaries, CICA and SPLIC. The ability to make payments is limited by applicable laws and regulations of

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Colorado, CICA's state of domicile, and Louisiana, SPLIC's state of domicile, which subject insurance operations to significant regulatory restriction. These laws and regulations require, among other things, that these insurance subsidiaries maintain minimum solvency requirements and limit the amount of dividends these subsidiaries can pay to the holding company. Citizens historically has not relied upon dividends from subsidiaries for its cash flow needs. However, CICA and SPLIC do dividend available funds from time to time in relation to new acquisition target strategies.

Critical Accounting Policies

We have prepared a current assessment of our critical accounting policies and estimates in connection with preparing our interim unaudited consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014. We believe that the accounting policies set forth in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements and “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Consolidated Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 continue to describe the significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

General

The nature of our business exposes us to market risk relative to our invested assets and policy liabilities. Market risk is the risk of loss that may occur when changes in interest rates and public equity prices adversely affect the value of our invested assets. Interest rate risk is our primary market risk exposure. Substantial and sustained increases and decreases in market interest rates can affect the fair value of our investments. The fair value of our fixed maturity portfolio generally increases when interest rates decrease and decreases when interest rates increase. For additional information regarding market risks to which we are subject, see "Item 1 Financial Statements - Note 5. Investments - Valuation of Investments in Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities" above.

The following table summarizes net unrealized gains and losses as of the dates indicated.



	September 30, 2015					December 31, 2014
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value	Net Unrealized Gains(Losses)		Amortized Cost	Fair Value	Net Unrealized Gains
	(In thousands)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale	$	706,667	735,847	29,180		667,966	707,227	39,261
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity	247,829		254,048	6,219		224,932	232,891	7,959
Short-term investments	254		254	—		—	—	—
Total fixed maturities	$	954,750	990,149	35,399		892,898	940,118	47,220
Total equity securities	$	66,855	66,668	(187	)	68,787	69,879	1,092

Market Risk Related to Interest Rates

Our exposure to interest rate changes results from our significant holdings of fixed maturity investments, which comprised 88.0% of our investment portfolio based on carrying value as of September 30, 2015. These investments are mainly exposed to changes in U.S. Treasury rates. Our fixed maturity investments include U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises, U.S. Government bonds, securities issued by government agencies, municipal bonds and corporate bonds.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

To manage interest rate risk, we perform periodic projections of asset and liability cash flows to evaluate the potential sensitivity of our investments and liabilities. We assess interest rate sensitivity annually with respect to our available-for-sale fixed maturities investments using hypothetical test scenarios that assume either upward or downward shifts in the prevailing interest rates. The changes in fair values of our debt and equity securities as of September 30, 2015 were within the expected range of this analysis.

Changes in interest rates typically have a sizable effect on the fair values of our debt and equity securities. The interest rate of the ten-year U.S. Treasury bond decreased to 2.0% during the quarter ended September 30, 2015, from 2.2% at December 31, 2014. Net unrealized gains on fixed maturity securities totaled $35.4 million at September 30, 2015, compared to $47.2 million at December 31, 2014.

The fixed maturity portfolio is exposed to call risk, as a significant portion of the current bond holdings are callable. A decreasing interest rate environment can result in increased call activity as experienced over the past several years, and an increasing rate environment will likely result in securities being paid at their stated maturity.

There are no fixed maturities or other investments classified as trading instruments. Approximately 74.3% of fixed maturities were held in available-for-sale and 25.7% in held-to-maturity based upon fair value at September 30, 2015. At September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had no investments in derivative instruments, nor did we have any subprime or collateralized debt obligation risk.

Market Risk Related to Equity Prices

Changes in the level or volatility of equity prices affect the value of equity securities we hold as investments. Our equity investments portfolio represented 6.0% of our total investments at September 30, 2015, with 97.2% invested in diversified equity and bond mutual funds. We believe that significant decreases in the equity markets would not have a material adverse impact on our total investment portfolio.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We have established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure, among other things, that material information relating to our Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to our officers who certify our financial reports and to the other members of our senior management and the Board of Directors.

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer are responsible for establishing and maintaining our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")). Based upon an evaluation at the end of the period covered by this report, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report.

During the three months ended September 30, 2015, there were no changes in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). The Company is in the process of remediating the material weakness identified within the Actuarial function as of December 31, 2014.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to various legal and regulatory actions which are immaterial to the Company's financial statements. For more information about the risks related to litigation and regulatory actions, please see the risk factor titled “We are a defendant in lawsuits, which may adversely affect our financial condition and detract from the time our management is able to devote to our business, and we are subject to risks related to litigation and regulatory matters.” in Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

Investing in our Company involves certain risks. Set forth below are certain risks with respect to our Company. Readers should carefully review these risks, together with the other information contained in this report. The risks and uncertainties we have described in this report are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently deem not material, may also adversely affect our business. Any of the risks discussed in this report or that are presently unknown or believed to be not material, if they were to actually occur, could result in a significant adverse impact on our business, operating results, prospects or financial condition. References in the risk factors below to "we," "us," "our," "Citizens" and like terms relate to Citizens, Inc. and its subsidiaries on a U.S. GAAP consolidated financial statement basis, unless specifically identified otherwise. We operate our subsidiaries as separate and distinct entities with respect to corporate formalities.

Risks Relating to Our Business

A substantial amount of our revenue comes from residents of foreign countries and is subject to risks associated with widespread political instability, foreign insurance laws and asset transfer restrictions.

A substantial part of our insurance policy sales are from foreign countries, primarily those in Latin America and the Pacific Rim. There is a risk that we may lose a significant portion of these sales should widespread political instability occur in these countries. We cannot predict the potential impact of widespread political instability in the foreign countries where our policies are sold, but it could significantly impact our business.

We also face risks associated with the application of foreign insurance laws. Traditionally, we have sought to address risks associated with foreign countries by, among other things, not accepting insurance applications outside of the U.S., maintaining all of our assets in the U.S. and requiring policy premiums be paid to us in U.S. Dollars. Accordingly, we have never qualified to do business in any foreign country and have never submitted our insurance policies issued to residents of foreign countries for approval by any foreign or domestic insurance regulatory agency. We sell our policies to residents of foreign countries using foreign independent marketing firms and independent consultants, and we rely on those persons to comply with applicable laws in marketing our insurance products.

The Company’s future sales and financial results are dependent upon avoiding significant regulatory interruptions in receiving insurance policy applications for residents outside of the United States. Currency control laws in foreign countries could materially adversely affect our revenues by imposing restrictions on asset transfers outside of a country where our insureds reside. There can be no assurance that such situations will not occur and that our revenues, results of operations and financial condition will not be materially, adversely affected if they do occur. The government of a foreign country could also determine its residents may not buy life insurance from us unless we became qualified to do business in that country or unless our policies purchased by its residents receive prior approval from its insurance regulators. Also, new laws or regulations could be implemented or new applications of existing laws or regulations could occur, which could result in the cessation of marketing activities by our independent marketing firms and consultants. From time to time we have become aware of new foreign laws, regulations or new interpretations of foreign laws or regulations that may have an adverse effect on the marketing efforts of our foreign independent marketing firms and consultants.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Although we believe foreign regulatory authorities have no jurisdiction over us we recently have undertaken a comprehensive review of potential risks and compliance issues associated with foreign insurance laws and regulations, with assistance from independent outside advisors. We cannot assure you any of these laws, regulations, or application of them by foreign regulatory authorities will not have an adverse effect on the marketing efforts of our independent marketing consultants and, in turn, on our revenues and profitability. Further, there is no assurance we would be able to qualify to do business in any foreign country or that its insurance regulatory authorities would approve our policies if we decided to submit our insurance policies for approval. Any of the foregoing could reduce our revenues and materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Also, we do not determine whether our independent consultants are required to be licensed to sell insurance in the countries in which they market our policies. If our independent consultants were not in compliance with applicable laws, including licensing laws, they could be required to cease operations, which would reduce our revenues. We are unable to quantify the effect of foreign regulation on our business if regulation were to be imposed on us due to the lack of uniformity of regulation in our foreign markets. We may decide to withdraw from or avoid a particular market if foreign regulation were deemed untenable.

Our operating results and financial condition may be affected if the liabilities actually incurred differ, or if our estimates of those liabilities change, from the amounts we have reserved for in connection with the noncompliance of a substantial portion of our insurance policies with Sections 7702 and 7702A under the Internal Revenue Code and the failure of certain annuity contracts to qualify under Section 72(s) of the Internal Revenue Code.

In the first quarter of 2015, we announced that we identified that a substantial portion of the life insurance policies issued by our subsidiary insurance companies failed to qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment afforded by Sections 7702 and 7702A of the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") of 1986. In addition, in July 2015 we identified certain annuity contracts that do not qualify under IRC Section 72(s) for favorable tax treatment of annuities. As a result, we established a reserve of $11.4 million as of December 31, 2014 and an additional $2.5 million as of June 30, 2015 for probable expenses and liabilities associated with this tax compliance matter, which amounts represent the low end of management’s estimated range of those probable expenses and liabilities of $13.9 million to $46.6 million, net of tax. This estimated range includes projected toll charges and fees as well as increased claims liability for past claims and reserve increases to bring policies into compliance and other probable liabilities resulting from these tax compliance matters. Our estimated range reflects the uncertainties with respect to the required course of action and other matters unknown at this time. Currently, management believes there is not a specific estimable amount for these probable liabilities and expenses which is more likely than other specific amounts within our estimated range. The process of determining our estimated range was a complex undertaking including insight from external consultants and involved management’s judgment based upon a variety of factors known at the time. Given the number of factors considered and the significant variables assumed in establishing our estimated range, actual amounts incurred may exceed our reserve and the high end of our estimated range of expenses and liabilities. To the extent the amount reserved by the Company is insufficient to meet the actual amount of our liability, or if our estimates of those liabilities change in the future, our financial condition and results of operation may be materially adversely affected.

The majority of our foreign policyholders elect to invest their policies’ annually payable cash benefits in our Class A common stock through the Citizens, Inc. Stock Investment Plan (the “Plan”), a stock investment plan registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). If a securities regulatory authority were to deem the Plan's operation contrary to securities laws, the amount of Class A common stock purchased periodically on the open market through the Plan could be reduced and the price of our Class A common stock could fall.

On or about April 2001, the Company adopted the Plan, as amended and restated from time to time. The Plan is registered with the SEC pursuant to a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933. For further information on the filing history of the Plan’s registration statement, please see the risk factor below titled “We face risk from a 2001 technical error made in our original registration statement on Form S-3 covering the Plan and filed with the SEC.”

The general purpose of the Plan is to provide a convenient and economical means for new investors to make an initial investment in our Class A common stock and for existing investors to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock. Specifically, the Plan offers employees, agents, policyholders, independent consultants and potential investors opportunities to purchase the Company’s Class A common stock. It also offers security holders the ability to maintain registered ownership of their securities in a manner which facilitates efficient purchases and sales of Citizens Class A common stock in the open market. The Plan is administered by Computershare Trust Company, N.A., located in Canton Massachusetts, (“Computershare”), a company which

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

operates in 20 countries around the globe and also serves as our transfer agent. Computershare acts as an agent for the plan participants. Computershare facilitates open market purchases and sales of Citizens Class A common stock under the Plan through registered brokers and dealers. Additional disclosures concerning the Plan’s impact on our Capital Stock can be found in our Item 1A. Risk Factors under the heading, “Risks Relating to Our Capital Stock.”

Any electing person who has met the requirements to participate in the Plan and has not revoked such election to participate in the Plan is considered a “Plan Participant.” As of December 31, 2014 more than 89% percent of the shares of Class A common stock that had been purchased under the Plan had been purchased by foreign holders of life insurance policies (or related brokers); the remaining shares of Class A common stock that had been purchased under the Plan had been purchased by approximately 1,400 participants resident in the United States. International holders of life insurance policies underwritten by the Company may assign annually payable cash benefits from their insurance policies to the Plan and employees participating in the Plan may allocate a portion of their compensation to the Plan. The Company remits these amounts to Computershare. Computershare uses these proceeds to purchase shares of Class A common stock in the open market from time to time through independent broker dealers selected by the Computershare. None of the shares of Class A common stock purchased by the Plan Participants is issued by the Company, and the Company does not receive any proceeds from these purchases. An international policyholder must first consent in writing to be contacted by Citizens regarding the Plan before they are given the option to assign annually payable cash benefits from their insurance policies to the Plan. At the point of introduction to the Plan, international policyholders receive a copy of the Plan prospectus explaining the risks associated with purchasing Citizens Class A common stock through the Plan.

The offer and sale of our Class A common stock through the Plan is not registered under the laws of any foreign jurisdiction. If a foreign securities regulatory authority were to determine the offer and sale of our Class A common stock under the Plan were contrary to applicable laws and regulations of its jurisdiction, such authority may issue or assert a fine, penalty or cease and desist order against us in that foreign jurisdiction. While we would vigorously dispute the ability of such authority to assert jurisdiction over us, such a dispute may distract from our business and may have a material adverse impact on our financial position. Additionally, in such a situation participation in the Plan by our international policyholders in that foreign jurisdiction could decrease. A decrease in Plan participation could materially reduce the amount of our Class A common stock purchased and sold in the open market under the Plan which could cause the price of our Class A common stock to fall. Historically a significant volume of shares have been purchased under the Plan by policyholders through annually payable cash benefits assigned to the Plan.

We face financial and capital market risks in our operations.

As an insurance holding company with significant investment exposure, we face material financial and capital markets risk in our operations. Due to the low interest rate environment in recent years, we experienced significant call activity on our fixed income portfolio that decreased our investment yields compared to prior years. We also have recorded other-than-temporary impairments in the past several years due to credit related market declines

Economic uncertainty has recently been exacerbated by the increased potential for default by one or more European sovereign debt issuers, the potential partial or complete dissolution of the Eurozone and its common currency and the negative impact of such events on global financial institutions and capital markets generally. Actions or inactions of European governments may impact these actual or perceived risks. In the recent past, one rating agency downgraded the U.S.'s long-term debt credit rating from AAA. Future actions or inactions of the United States government, including a shutdown of the federal government, could increase the actual or perceived risk that the U.S. may not ultimately pay its obligations when due and may disrupt financial markets.

Changes in market interest rates may significantly affect our profitability.

Some of our products, principally traditional whole life insurance with annuity riders, expose us to the risk that changes in interest rates will reduce our "spread," or the difference between the amounts we are required to pay under our contracts to policyholders and the rate of return we are able to earn on our investments intended to support obligations under the contracts. Our spread is an integral component of our net income.

As interest rates decrease or remain at low levels, we may be forced to reinvest proceeds from investments that have matured, prepaid, been sold, or called at lower yields, reducing our investment margin. Our fixed income bond portfolio is exposed to interest rate risk as a significant portion of the portfolio is callable. Lowering interest crediting rates can help offset decreases in

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

investment margins on some of our products. However, our ability to lower these rates could be limited by competition or contractually guaranteed minimum rates, and may not match the timing or magnitude of changes in asset yields.

Our investment portfolio is subject to various risks that may result in realized investment losses. In particular, decreases in the fair value of fixed maturities may significantly reduce the value of our investments, and as a result, our financial condition may suffer.

We are subject to credit risk in our investment portfolio. Defaults by third parties in the payment or performance of their obligations under these securities could reduce our investment income and realized investment gains or result in the recognition of investment losses. The value of our investments may be materially adversely affected by increases in interest rates, downgrades in the bonds included in our portfolio and by other factors that may result in the recognition of other-than-temporary impairments. Each of these events may cause us to reduce the carrying value of our investment portfolio.

In particular, at September 30, 2015, fixed maturities represented $983.9 million or 88.0% of our total investments of $1,118.2 million. The fair value of fixed maturities and the related investment income fluctuates depending on general economic and market conditions. The fair value of these investments generally increases or decreases in an inverse relationship with fluctuations in interest rates, while net investment income realized by us will generally increase or decrease in line with changes in market interest rates. In addition, actual net investment income and/or cash flows from investments that carry prepayment risk, such as mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, may differ from those anticipated at the time of investment as a result of interest rate fluctuations. An investment has prepayment risk when there is a risk that the timing of cash flows resulting from the repayment of principal might occur earlier than anticipated because of declining interest rates or later than anticipated because of rising interest rates. The impact of value fluctuations affects our consolidated financial statements, as a large portion of our fixed maturities are classified as available-for- sale, with changes in fair value reflected in our stockholders' equity (accumulated other comprehensive income or loss). No similar adjustment is made for liabilities to reflect a change in interest rates. Therefore, interest rate fluctuations and economic conditions could adversely affect our stockholders' equity, total comprehensive income and/or cash flows. For mortgage-backed securities, credit risk exists if mortgagees default on the underlying mortgages. Although at September 30, 2015, approximately 96.9% of our fixed maturities were investment grade with 81.3% rated A or above, all of our fixed maturities are subject to credit risk. If any of the issuers of our fixed maturities suffer financial setbacks, the ratings on the fixed maturities could fall (with a concurrent fall in fair value) and, in a worst case scenario, the issuer could default on its financial obligations. If the issuer defaults, we could have realized losses associated with the impairment of the securities.

Gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity and equity securities may be realized or result in future impairments, resulting in a reduction in our net income.

Fixed maturity and equity securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and are, therefore, excluded from our net income. Our total gross unrealized losses on our available-for-sale securities portfolio at September 30, 2015 were $7.0 million. The accumulated change in estimated fair value of these securities is recognized in net income when the gain or loss is realized upon sale of the security or in the event that the decline in estimated fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary and an impairment charge to earnings is taken. Realized losses or impairments may have a material adverse effect on our net income in a particular quarterly or annual period.

Our actual claims losses may exceed our reserves for claims, and we may be required to establish additional reserves, which in turn may adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

We maintain reserves to cover our estimated exposure for claims relating to our issued insurance policies. Reserves, whether calculated under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles or statutory accounting practices prescribed by various state insurance regulators, do not represent an exact calculation of exposure, but instead represent our best estimates, generally involving actuarial projections, of what we expect claims will be based on mortality assumptions that are determined by various regulatory authorities. Many reserve assumptions are not directly quantifiable, particularly on a prospective basis. In addition, when we acquire other domestic life insurance companies, our assessment of the adequacy of acquired policy liabilities is subject to our estimates and assumptions. Reserve estimates are refined as experience develops, and adjustments to reserves are reflected in our statements of operations for the period in which such estimates are updated. Because establishing reserves is an inherently uncertain process involving estimates of future losses, future developments may require us to increase claims reserves, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition in the periods in which such increases occur.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

We may be required to accelerate the amortization of deferred acquisition costs and the costs of customer relationships acquired, which would increase our expenses and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

At September 30, 2015, we had $163.7 million of deferred policy acquisition costs, or DAC. DAC represents costs that vary with and are primarily related to the successful sale and issuance of our insurance policies and are deferred and amortized over the estimated life of the related insurance policies. These costs include commissions in excess of ultimate renewal commissions, solicitation and printing costs, sales material costs and some support costs, such as underwriting and contract and policy issuance expenses. Under U.S. GAAP, DAC is amortized to income over the lives of the underlying policies, in relation to the profit stream.

In addition, when we acquire a block of insurance policies, we assign a portion of the purchase price to the right to receive future net cash flows from existing insurance and investment contracts and policies. This intangible asset, called the cost of customer relationships acquired, or CCRA, represents the actuarially estimated present value of future cash flows from the acquired policies. At September 30, 2015, we had $22.0 million of CCRA. We amortize the value of this intangible asset in a manner similar to the amortization of DAC.

Our amortization of DAC and CCRA generally depends upon anticipated profits from investments, surrender and other policy charges, mortality, morbidity, persistency and maintenance expense margins. For example, if our insurance policy lapse and surrender rates were to exceed the assumptions upon which we priced our insurance policies, or if actual persistency proves to be less than our persistency assumptions, especially in the early years of a policy, we would be required to accelerate the amortization of expenses we deferred in connection with the acquisition of the policy. We regularly review the quality of our DAC and CCRA to determine if they are recoverable from future income. If these costs are not recoverable, they are charged to expenses in the financial period in which we make this determination.

Unfavorable experience with regard to expected expenses, investment returns, surrender and other policy charges, mortality, morbidity, lapses or persistency may cause us to increase the amortization of DAC or CCRA, or both, or to record a current period expense to increase benefit reserves, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

We may be required to recognize an impairment on the value of our goodwill, which would increase our expenses and materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Goodwill represents the excess of the amount paid by us to acquire various life insurance companies over the fair value of their net assets at the date of the acquisition. Under U.S. GAAP, we test the carrying value of goodwill for impairment at least annually at the "reporting unit" level, which is either an operating segment or a business that is one level below the operating segment. Goodwill is impaired if its carrying value exceeds its implied fair value. This may occur for various reasons, including changes in actual or expected earnings or cash flows of a reporting unit, generation of earnings by a reporting unit at a lower rate than similar businesses or declines in market prices for publicly traded businesses similar to our reporting units. If any portion of our goodwill becomes impaired, we would be required to recognize the amount of the impairment as a current-period expense, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Goodwill in our consolidated financial statements was $17.3 million as of September 30, 2015.

We are a defendant in lawsuits from time to time, which may adversely affect our financial condition and detract from the time our management is able to devote to our business, and are subject to various regulatory compliance risks.

We may from time to time be subject to a variety of legal and regulatory actions relating to our business operations, including, but not limited to:


•	disputes over insurance coverage or claims adjudication;


•	regulatory compliance with state laws, including insurance and securities regulations


•	regulatory compliance with U.S. federal securities laws, tax, anti-money laundering, bank secrecy, anti-bribery, anti-corruption and foreign asset control laws, among others


•	disputes with our marketing firms, consultants and employee-agents over compensation, termination of contracts

and related claims;


•	disputes regarding our tax liabilities;


•	disputes relating to reinsurance and coinsurance agreements; and


•	disputes relating to businesses acquired and operated by us.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

In the absence of countervailing considerations, we would expect to defend any such claims vigorously. However, in doing so, we could incur significant defense costs, including attorneys' fees, other direct litigation costs and the expenditure of substantial amounts of management time that otherwise would be devoted to our business. Further, if we suffer an adverse judgment as a result of any claim, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

A number of U.S. jurisdictions have been investigating life insurer practices for compliance with unclaimed property laws. Highly publicized incidents disclosed, the practice by certain companies of using data available on the U.S. Social Security Administration's Death Master File or a similar data base in order to avoid paying periodic benefits under annuity contracts but not using the same data base to determine when death benefits were owed. This asymmetric conduct by certain insurers has led a number of jurisdictions to require life insurers to use this same data to identify instances where amounts under life insurance policies and annuity contracts are payable and to locate and pay beneficiaries under such contracts. The National Conference of Insurance Legislators ("NCOIL") has adopted the Model Unclaimed Life Insurance Benefits Act ("Model Act") and several states have adopted legislation that is substantially similar to the Model Act adopted by NCOIL. The Model Act imposes new requirements on insurers to periodically compare their in force life insurance and annuity policies against the Death Master File, investigate any identified matches to confirm the death of the insured and determine whether benefits are due and attempt to locate the beneficiaries or, if no beneficiary can be located, escheat the policy benefit to the respective state government as unclaimed property. The Model Act could result in additional payments to beneficiaries, additional escheatment of funds deemed abandoned under state laws, and/or administrative penalties. It is also possible that life insurers may be subject to claims regarding their business practices as a result given the legal uncertainty in this area. However, recent court decisions in West Virginia and Florida have upheld the well- established insurance law principal that life insurance policies are not due and payable until the insurance company receives due proof of death, and have further held an insurance company has no duty to search the Death Master File or other databases to determine whether deaths have occurred that have not been reported to the company.

Despite the fact we have no history of the asymmetric conduct in question, we have received notices from Louisiana Department of Treasury, Arkansas Auditor of State and the Texas State Comptroller, indicating they intend to audit Citizens, Inc. and certain of its affiliates for compliance with unclaimed property laws. The audits may result in additional payments to beneficiaries, additional escheatment of funds deemed abandoned under state laws, administrative penalties, interest, and changes to the Company's procedures for the identification and escheatment of abandoned property. The Company believes additional escheatment of funds in Arkansas or Texas will not be material to our financial condition or results. However, additional escheatment of funds in Louisiana, which may subsequently be deemed abandoned under the Louisiana Department of Treasury’s audit, could be substantial for SPLIC. At this time, the Company is not able to estimate any of these possible amounts.

Reinsurers with which we do business could increase their premium rates and may not honor their obligations, leaving us liable for the reinsured coverage.

We reinsure certain risks underwritten by our various insurance subsidiaries. Market conditions beyond our control determine the availability and cost of the reinsurance protection we purchase. The high cost of reinsurance or lack of affordable coverage could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our reinsurance facilities are generally subject to annual renewal. We may not be able to maintain our current reinsurance facilities and, even if highly desirable or necessary, we may not be able to obtain replacement reinsurance facilities in adequate amounts or at rates economic to us. If we are unable to renew our expiring facilities or to obtain new reinsurance facilities, either our net exposures would increase or, if we are unwilling or unable to bear an increase in net exposures, we may have to reduce the level of our underwriting commitments. In addition, our reinsurance facilities may be canceled, pursuant to their terms, upon the occurrence of certain specified events, including a change of control of our Company (generally defined as the acquisition of 10% or more of our voting equity securities) or the failure of our insurance company subsidiaries to maintain the minimum required levels of statutory surplus. Any of these potential developments could materially adversely affect our revenues, results of operations and financial condition.

In 2014, we reinsured $516.6 million of face amount of our life insurance policies. Amounts reinsured in 2014 represented 10.5% of the face amount of direct life insurance in force in that year. Although the cost of reinsurance is, in some cases, reflected in premium rates, under certain reinsurance agreements, the reinsurer may increase the rate it charges us for reinsurance. If our cost of reinsurance were to increase, we might not be able to recover these increased costs, and our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. See Note 5 to the Company's 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

We may not be able to continue our past strategy of acquiring other U.S. life insurance companies, and we may not realize improvements to our financial results as a result of our past or any future acquisitions.

We have acquired 17 U.S. life insurance companies since 1987. Our objective in this strategy has been to increase our assets, revenues and capital, improve our competitive position and increase our earnings, in part by realizing certain operating efficiencies associated with economies of scale.

We evaluate possible acquisitions of other insurance companies on an ongoing basis. While our business model is not dependent primarily upon acquisitions, the time frame for achieving or further improving our market positions can be shortened through acquisitions. There can be no assurance that suitable acquisitions presenting opportunities for continued growth and operating efficiencies will be available to us, or that we will realize the anticipated financial results from completed acquisitions. In addition, we face intense competition in seeking to make acquisitions, much of which is from companies with greater financial and operational resources than we have.

Even if we identify and complete insurance company acquisitions, we may be unable to integrate them on an economically favorable basis. Implementation of an acquisition strategy entails a number of risks, including, among others, inaccurate assessment of assets, liabilities or contingent liabilities and the failure to achieve anticipated operating efficiencies, revenues, earnings or cash flow. The occurrence of any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our international and domestic markets face significant competition. If we are unable to compete effectively in our markets, our business, results of operations and profitability may be adversely affected.

Our international marketing plan focuses on making available U.S. Dollar-denominated life insurance products to high net worth, high income individuals residing in more than 30 countries. New competition could increase the supply of available insurance, which could affect our ability to price our products at attractive profitable rates to us, thereby adversely affecting our revenues, results of operations and financial condition. Existing barriers to entry in the foreign markets we serve may not be sufficient to impede potential competitors from entering such markets. In connection with our business with foreign nationals, we experience competition primarily from the following sources, many of which have substantially greater financial, marketing and other resources than we have:


•	Foreign operated companies with U.S. Dollar policies. We face direct competition from companies that operate in the

same manner as we operate in our international markets.

•

Companies foreign to the countries in which their policies are sold but that issue local currency policies. Another group of our competitors in the international marketplace consists of companies that are foreign to the countries in which their policies are sold but issue life insurance policies denominated in the local currencies of those countries. Local currency policies provide the benefit of assets located in the country of foreign residents, but entail risks of uncertainty due to local currency fluctuations, as well as the perceived instability and weakness of local currencies.

•

Locally operated companies with local currency policies. We compete with companies formed and operated in the country in which our foreign insureds reside. Generally, these companies are subject to risks of currency fluctuations, and they primarily use mortality tables based on experience of the local population as a whole. These mortality tables are typically based on significantly shorter life spans than those we use. As a result, the cost of insurance from these companies tends to be higher than ours. Although these companies typically market their policies to a broader section of the population than do our independent marketing firms and independent consultants, there can be no assurance that these companies will not endeavor to place a greater emphasis on our target market and compete more directly with us.

In the United States, we compete with more than 1,000 other life insurance companies of various sizes. The life insurance business in the United States is highly competitive, in part because it is a mature industry that, in recent years, has experienced little to no growth in life insurance sales. Many domestic life insurance companies have substantially greater financial resources, longer business histories, larger sales forces and more diversified lines of insurance coverage than we do. Competition in the United States has also increased recently because the life insurance industry is consolidating, with larger, more efficient organizations emerging from the consolidation.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

In addition, from time to time, companies enter and exit the markets in which we operate, thereby increasing competition at times when there are new entrants. We may lose business to competitors offering competitive products at lower prices, or for other reasons.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete effectively in any of our markets. If we do not, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be materially adversely affected.

Sales of our insurance products may be reduced if we are unable to (i) establish and maintain commercial relationships with independent marketing firms and independent consultants, (ii) attract and retain employee agents or (iii) develop and maintain our distribution sources.

We distribute our insurance products through several distribution channels, including independent marketing firms, independent consultants and our employee agents. These relationships are significant for both our revenues and our profits. In our life insurance segment, we depend almost exclusively on the services of independent marketing firms and independent consultants. In our home service insurance segment, we depend on employee agents whose role in our distribution process is integral to developing and maintaining relationships with policyholders. Significant competition exists among insurers in attracting and maintaining marketers of demonstrated ability. Some of our competitors may offer better compensation packages for marketing firms, independent consultants and agents and broader arrays of products and have a greater diversity of distribution resources, better brand recognition, more competitive pricing, lower cost structures and greater financial strength or claims paying ratings than we do. We compete with other insurers for marketing firms, independent consultants and employee agents primarily on the basis of our compensation and support services. Any reduction in our ability to attract and retain effective sales representatives could materially adversely affect our revenues, results of operations and financial condition.

Loss of the services of our senior management team would likely hinder development of our operating and marketing programs and our strategy for expanding our business.

We rely on the participation of our senior executive team comprised of Chairman Emeritus of the Board, Harold E. Riley (age 86), Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, Rick D. Riley (age 61), President, Chief Corporate Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer Kay E. Osbourn (age 49) and Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Strategy, Geoffrey M. Kolander (age 40) in connection with the development and execution of our operating and marketing plans and strategy for expanding our business. We anticipate that their expertise will continue to be of substantial value in connection with our operations. The loss of the services of any of these individuals could have a significant adverse effect on our business and prospects. We do not have an employment agreement with any of these persons nor do we carry key-man insurance policies on any of their lives.

We are subject to extensive governmental regulation in the United States, which increases our costs of doing business and could restrict the conduct of our business.

We are subject to extensive regulation and supervision in U.S. jurisdictions where we do business, including state insurance regulations and U.S. federal securities, tax, anti-money laundering, bank secrecy, anti-corruption and foreign asset control laws.. Insurance company regulation is generally designed to protect the interests of policyholders, with substantially lesser protections to shareholders of the regulated insurance companies. To that end, all the states in which we do business have insurance regulatory agencies with broad legal powers with respect to licensing companies to transact business; mandating capital and surplus requirements; regulating trade and claims practices; approving policy forms; and restricting companies' ability to enter and exit markets.

The capacity for an insurance company's growth in premiums is partially a function of its required statutory surplus. Maintaining appropriate levels of statutory surplus, as measured by statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by a company's state of domicile, is considered important by all state insurance regulatory authorities. Failure to maintain required levels of statutory surplus could result in increased regulatory scrutiny and enforcement action by regulatory authorities.

Most insurance regulatory authorities have broad discretion to grant, renew, suspend and revoke licenses and approvals, and could preclude or temporarily suspend us from carrying on some or all of our activities, including acquisitions of other insurance companies, require us to add capital to our insurance company subsidiaries, or fine us. If we are unable to maintain all required

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

licenses and approvals, or if our insurance business is determined not to comply fully with the wide variety of applicable laws and regulations and their interpretations, including the USA Patriot Act, our revenues, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Although the U.S. federal government has not historically regulated the insurance business, the Dodd-Frank Act, enacted in July 2010, expands the federal presence in insurance oversight. The Act's requirements include streamlining the state-based regulation of reinsurance and non-admitted insurance (also known as surplus lines insurance, which is property or casualty insurance written by a company that is not licensed to sell policies of insurance in a given state). This legislation also establishes a new Federal Insurance Office within the U.S. Department of the Treasury with powers over all lines of insurance except health insurance, certain long-term care insurance and crop insurance. The Federal Insurance Office is authorized to, among other things, gather data and information to monitor aspects of the insurance industry, identify issues in the regulation of insurers about insurance matters and preempt state insurance measures under certain circumstances. As this Act calls for numerous studies and contemplates further regulation, the future impact of the Act on our results of operations or our financial condition cannot be determined at this time, but could have an adverse impact on profitable operations.

Changes in U.S. regulation may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition and limit our prospective growth.

Currently, the U.S. Federal Government does not directly regulate the insurance business, although initiatives for federal regulation of insurance are proposed by members of the U.S. Congress from time to time. However, federal legislation, regulations and administrative policies in several other areas can materially and adversely affect insurance companies, including our business. These areas include U.S. anti-money laundering laws and related regulations, including the Bank Secrecy Act and its implementing regulations (collectively, the “BSA”), other financial services regulations, securities regulation, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Act, pension regulation, privacy, tort reform legislation and taxation. In addition, various forms of direct federal regulation of insurance have been proposed from time to time.

Our failure to maintain effective information systems could adversely affect our business.

We must maintain and enhance our existing information systems and develop new information systems in order to keep pace with continuing changes in information processing technology, evolving industry and regulatory standards and changing customer preferences. If we do not maintain adequate systems, we could experience adverse consequences, including products acquired through acquisition, inadequate information on which to base pricing, underwriting and reserve decisions, regulatory problems, failure to meet prompt payment obligations, increases in administrative expenses and loss of customers.

Some of our information technology systems and software are mainframe-based, legacy-type systems that require an ongoing commitment of resources to maintain current standards. Our systems utilize proprietary code requiring highly skilled personnel. Due to the unique nature of our proprietary operating environment, we could have difficulty finding personnel with the skills required to provide ongoing system maintenance and development as we seek to keep pace with changes in our products and business models, information processing technology, evolving industry and regulatory standards and policyholder needs. Our success is dependent upon, among other things, maintaining and enhancing the effectiveness of existing systems, as well as continuing to integrate, develop and enhance our information systems to support business processes in a cost-effective manner.

Our failure to maintain effective and efficient information systems, or our failure to efficiently and effectively consolidate our information systems to eliminate redundant or obsolete applications, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our failure to protect confidential information and privacy could result in the unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential corporate or customer information, damage to our reputation, loss of customers, fines, penalties and adverse effects on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to privacy regulations. The actions we take to protect confidential information include among other things: monitoring our record retention plans and policies and any changes in state or federal privacy and compliance requirements; maintaining secure storage facilities for tangible records; and limiting access to electronic information in order to safeguard certain information.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

In addition, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act requires that we deliver a notice regarding our privacy policy both at the delivery of an insurance policy and annually thereafter. Certain exceptions are allowed for sharing of information under joint marketing agreements. However, certain state laws may require us to obtain a policyholder's consent before we share information.

We have a written information security program with appropriate administrative, technical and physical safeguards to protect such confidential information. Cyber security attacks are on the rise throughout the world and while we believe we have taken reasonable steps to secure our customer information we could experience a breach of data. We closely monitor cyber attack attempts on our system, and we are not aware of any material breach of our cybersecurity, administrative, technical and physical safeguards or client data. Nevertheless, it is possible a cyber attack could go undetected and that preventative actions we take to reduce this risk of cyber-incidents and protect our information may be insufficient to prevent cyber attacks or other security breaches.

If we do not comply with privacy regulations and protect confidential information, we could experience adverse consequences, including regulatory sanctions, loss of reputation, litigation exposure, disruptions to our operations or significant technical, legal and operating expenses, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

General economic, financial market and political conditions may materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected from time to time by general economic, financial market and political conditions, both in the United States and in the foreign countries where our policyowners reside. These conditions include economic cycles such as: levels of consumer spending; levels of inflation; movements of the financial markets; availability of credit; fluctuations in interest rates, monetary policy or demographics; and legislative and competitive changes.

During periods of economic downturn, such as the ones recently experienced, our insureds may choose not to purchase our insurance products, may terminate existing policies, permit policies to lapse or may choose to reduce the amount of coverage purchased, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Also, our sales of new insurance policies might decrease.

Our insurance subsidiaries are restricted by applicable laws and regulations in the amounts of fees, dividends and other distributions they may make to us. The inability of our subsidiaries to make payments to us in sufficient amounts for us to conduct our operations could adversely affect our ability to meet our obligations or expand our business.

As a holding company, our principal asset is the stock of our subsidiaries. We rely primarily on statutorily permissible payments from our insurance company subsidiaries, principally through service agreements we have with our subsidiaries, to meet our working capital and other corporate expenses. The ability of our insurance company subsidiaries to make payments to us is subject to regulation by the states in which they are domiciled, and these payments depend primarily on approved service agreements between us and these subsidiaries and, to a lesser extent, the statutory surplus (which is the excess of assets over liabilities as determined under statutory accounting practices prescribed by an insurance company's state of domicile), future statutory earnings (which are earnings as determined in accordance with statutory accounting practices) and regulatory restrictions.

Generally, the net assets of our insurance company subsidiaries available for dividends are limited to either the lesser or greater (depending on the state of domicile) of the subsidiary's net gain from operations during the preceding year and 10% of the subsidiary's net statutory surplus as of the end of the preceding year as determined in accordance with accounting practices prescribed by insurance regulatory authorities.

Except to the extent that we are a creditor with recognized claims against our subsidiaries, claims of our subsidiaries' creditors, including policyholders, have priority with respect to the assets and earnings of the subsidiaries over the claims of our creditors and shareholders. If any of our subsidiaries becomes insolvent, liquidates or otherwise reorganizes, our creditors and shareholders will have no right to proceed in their own right against the assets of that subsidiary or to cause the liquidation, bankruptcy or winding-up of the subsidiary under applicable liquidation, bankruptcy or winding-up laws.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Adverse capital and credit market conditions may significantly affect our access to debt and equity capital and our cost of capital in seeking to expand our business.

The availability of equity and debt financing to us will depend on a variety of factors such as market conditions, the general availability of credit, the overall availability of credit to the financial services industry, our credit capacity, as well as the possibility that investors or lenders could develop a negative perception of our long- or short-term financial prospects. Disruptions, uncertainty or volatility in the capital markets may also limit our access to equity capital for us to seek to expand our business. As such, we may be forced to delay raising debt or equity capital, or bear an unattractive cost of capital, which could adversely affect our ability to seek any acquisitions and negatively impact profitability of an acquisition.

Unexpected losses in future reporting periods may require us to adjust the valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets.

We evaluate our deferred tax asset (“DTA”) quarterly for recoverability based on available evidence. This process involves management's judgment about assumptions, which are subject to change from period to period due to tax rate changes or variances between our projected operating performance and our actual results. Ultimately, future adjustments to the DTA valuation allowance, if any, will be determined based upon changes in the expected realization of the net deferred tax assets. The realization of the deferred tax assets depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income in either the carry back or carry forward periods under applicable tax law. Due to significant estimates utilized in establishing the valuation allowance and the potential for changes in facts and circumstances, it is reasonably possible that we may be required to record a valuation allowance in future reporting periods. Such an adjustment could have a material adverse effect on our results of operation, financial condition and capital position.

We may experience greater risks associated with certain deficiencies recently identified in our BSA Program.

As required by the BSA regulations applicable to insurance companies, we have developed and implemented an anti-money laundering program that includes policies and procedures for complying with applicable BSA program, reporting and recordkeeping requirements and for preventing and detecting potential money laundering and other criminal activity (“BSA Program”). Based on an internal risk assessment and review we began in the first quarter of 2015, we have identified certain deficiencies in our BSA Program, and we are in the process of enhancing our BSA Program with additional controls based on our internal risk assessment.

We face risk from a 2001 technical error made in our original Registration Statement on Form S-3 covering the Plan and filed with the SEC.

In December 2012, it was discovered that the original Registration Statement on Form S-3 covering the Plan and filed with the SEC was not declared effective under the Securities Act of 1933, due to a technical error on the Form S-3 cover page in the 2001 filing. Further, sales under the Plan may not have qualified for an exemption from registration under that Act. Consequently, we filed with the SEC a new registration statement pursuant to Rule 415 on Form S-3 with respect to the Plan (the “New Registration Statement”), which was declared effective by the SEC on January 14, 2013 and subsequently amended by a post-effective amendment in May of 2015. Despite our full disclosure of this technical error since 2012, if and to the extent participants purchased shares of Class A common stock in the open market that were not effectively registered under the Securities Act, or exempt from such registration, prior to the filing of the 2013 Form S-3 Registration Statement such participants could seek to pursue certain state law remedies potentially available to them, since the statute of limitations has expired under federal securities law. Should a significant number of these purchasers bring state law claims, it could have a material and adverse effect on our business and reputation and our results of operations and financial condition.

Risks Relating to Our Capital Stock

The price of our Class A common stock may be adversely affected by decreased participation in our Stock Investment Plan.

If an international applicant for insurance submits a “Consent to be Contacted” form to Citizens with his or her insurance application, then Citizens will submit a copy of the Plan Prospectus once the applicant’s insurance policy is fully underwritten. At that time the international applicant is invited by Citizens to participate in the Plan and afforded the opportunity to invest certain policy dividends into the Plan. Most all of our international policyholders participate in the Plan and they invest their policy dividends and benefits in our Class A common stock pursuant to the Plan. Once a policyholder elects to participate in the Plan, his or her

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

policy benefits are assigned to purchase Citizens Class A common stock under the Plan in the open market. There is a risk our Class A common stock price could be negatively impacted by a decrease in participation in the Plan. If fewer policyholders elect to participate in the Plan, or our international premium collections were to decrease as a result of regulatory, economic, or marketing impediments, the trading volume of our Class A common stock may decline from its present levels and the demand for our Class A common stock could be negatively impacted.

Control of our Company, through the ownership of our Class B Common Stock, may transfer from our Founder to a 501(c)(3) charitable foundation established by our Founder, and we cannot determine whether any change in our management, operations, or operating strategies will occur as a result of such an ownership change.

Harold E. Riley, our Founder and Chairman Emeritus, is the beneficial owner of 100% of our Class B common stock, which is held in the name of the Harold E. Riley Trust ("Trust"), of which he serves as Trustee. Our Class A and Class B common stock are identical in all respects, except the Class B common stock elects a simple majority of the Board and receives one-half of any cash dividends paid, on a per share basis, to the Class A shares. Therefore, Mr. Riley controls our Company. The Class A common stock elects the remainder of the Board. The Trust documents provide that upon Mr. Riley's death, the Class B common stock will be transferred from the Trust to the Harold E. Riley Foundation, a charitable organization established under 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Foundation"). In addition, the Trust documents provide that Mr. Riley may at any time transfer the Class B common stock held by the Trust to the Foundation. It is unclear what, if any, changes would occur to our board, management structure, or corporate operating strategies as a result of different ownership of our Class B common stock.

There are a substantial number of our shares of Class A common stock issued to our executive officers, directors and management which are eligible for future sale in the public market. The sale of these shares could cause the market price of our Class A common stock to fall.

There were 49,080,114 shares of our Class A common stock issued as of December 31, 2014. Our executive officers, directors and management owned approximately 3,170,704 shares of our Class A common stock as of December 31, 2014, representing approximately 6.5% of our then outstanding Class A common stock. Almost all of these shares have been registered for public resale and generally may be sold freely. In the event of a sale of some or all of these shares or the perceived sale of these shares, the market price of our Class A common stock could fall substantially.

The price of our Class A common stock may be volatile and may be affected by market conditions beyond our control.

Our Class A common stock price has historically fluctuated and is likely to fluctuate in the future and could decline materially because of the volatility of the stock market in general, decreased participation in the Plan referred to above or a variety of other factors, many of which are beyond our control, including: quarterly or annual variations in actual or anticipated results of our operations; interest rate fluctuations; changes in financial estimates by securities analysts; competition and other factors affecting the life insurance business generally; and conditions in the U.S. and world economies.

Our international markets, and the specific manner in which we conduct our business in those jurisdictions, may be subject to negative publicity in social media or other channels, which may negatively impact the market price of our Class A common stock

We interface with and distribute our products to residents of foreign countries that may be subject to the risks disclosed in our Item 1A. Risk Factor under the heading, “A substantial amount of our revenue comes from residents of foreign countries and is subject to risks associated with widespread political instability, foreign insurance laws and asset transfer restrictions”. Venezuela is one such example. Accordingly, from time to time, bloggers or other social media outlets relevant to investors may focus attention on our exposure to these countries and the negative circumstances surrounding their governments, thereby subjecting us to periodic negative publicity. Negative publicity on investor blogs or through other media channels could impact trading in our stock and ultimately cause the market price of our Class A common stock to fall.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Our articles of incorporation and bylaws, as well as applicable state insurance laws, may discourage takeovers and business combinations that our shareholders might consider to be in their best interests.

Our articles of incorporation and bylaws, as well as various state insurance laws, may delay, deter, render more difficult or prevent a takeover attempt our shareholders might consider in their best interests. As a result, our shareholders will be prevented from receiving the benefit from any premium to the market price of our Class A common stock that may be offered by a bidder in a takeover context. Even in the absence of a takeover attempt, the existence of these provisions may adversely affect the prevailing market price of our Class A common stock if they are viewed as discouraging takeover attempts in the future.

The following provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws make it difficult for our Class A shareholders to replace or remove our directors and have other anti-takeover effects that may delay, deter or prevent a takeover attempt:


•	holders of shares of our Class B common stock elect a simple majority of our board of directors, and all of these shares

are owned by the Harold E. Riley Trust; and


•	our board of directors may issue one or more series of preferred stock without the approval of our shareholders.

State insurance laws generally require prior approval of a change in control of an insurance company. Generally, such laws provide that control over an insurer is presumed to exist if any person, directly or indirectly, owns, controls, holds with the power to vote, or holds proxies representing 10% or more of the voting securities of the insurer. In considering an application to acquire control of an insurer, an insurance commissioner generally will consider such factors as the experience, competence and financial strength of the proposed acquirer, the integrity of the proposed acquirer's board of directors and executive officers, the proposed acquirer's plans for the management and operation of the insurer, and any anti-competitive results that may arise from the acquisition. In addition, a person seeking to acquire control of an insurance company is required in some states to make filings prior to completing an acquisition if the acquirer and the target insurance company and their affiliates have sufficiently large market shares in particular lines of insurance in those states. These state insurance requirements may delay, deter or prevent our ability to complete an acquisition.

We have never paid any cash dividends on our Class A common stock and do not anticipate doing so in the foreseeable future.

We have never paid cash dividends on our Class A common stock, as it is our policy to retain earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business. We do not expect to pay cash dividends on our Class A common stock for the foreseeable future.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Effective November 6, 2015, Kay E. Osbourn resumed the duties of Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company replacing Gregory A. Rooney who has been terminated. She will retain these duties until a successor is appointed. Mrs. Osbourn also is continuing to serve as President and Chief Corporate Officer.

Table of Contents

CITIZENS, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

September 30, 2015

Item 6. EXHIBITS



Exhibit Number		The following exhibits are filed herewith:
3.1		Restated and Amended Articles of Incorporation (a)

3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws dated March 1, 2013 (b)

4.1		Amendment to State Series A-1 and A-2 Senior Convertible Preferred Stock (c)

11		Statement re: Computation of per share earnings (see financial statements)

31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*

32.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*

32.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act*

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document*

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema*

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase*

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase*

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase*

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase*
		__________________

* Filed herewith.

(a) Filed on March 15, 2004 with the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2003 as Exhibit 3.1, and incorporated herein by reference.

(b) Filed on March 12, 3013 with the Registrants' Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2012 as Exhibit 3.2 and incorporated herein by reference.

(c) Filed on July 15, 2004, with the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K as Exhibit 4.1, and incorporated herein by reference.

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		CITIZENS, INC.


		By:	/s/ Rick D. Riley
			Rick D. Riley
			Chairman and Chief Executive Officer



		By:	/s/ Kay E. Osbourn
			Kay E. Osbourn
			President, Chief Corporate Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer


Date:	November 9, 2015