Use these links to rapidly review the document
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration No. 333-113104
Registration No. 333-120599
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
(to Prospectus dated March 8, 2004)
1,200,000 Shares
Common Stock
Overstock.com is offering 1,200,000 shares of common stock as described in this prospectus supplement.
Our shares are quoted on The Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "OSTK." On November 17, 2004, the last sale price of our common stock as reported on The Nasdaq National Market was $57.53 per share.
In a separate transaction, we are concurrently offering $100,000,000 principal amount of 3.75% convertible senior notes due 2011 in transactions exempt from registration. The shares of common stock offered hereby and the notes are being offered separately. The closing of this offering is not conditioned upon the closing of the notes offering.
Investing in our common stock involves risks. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page S-6.
|
Per Share |
Total |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Public offering price | $ | 57.53 | $ | 69,036,000 | ||
Underwriting discount | $ | 2.8765 | $ | 3,451,800 | ||
Proceeds to Overstock.com (before expenses) | $ | 54.6535 | $ | 65,584,200 |
We have granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an aggregate of 180,000 additional shares of common stock on the same terms as set forth above to cover over-allotments, if any.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus supplement is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Lehman Brothers, on behalf of the underwriters, expects to deliver the shares on or about November 23, 2004.
LEHMAN BROTHERS
PIPER JAFFRAY | LEGG MASON WOOD WALKER | WR HAMBRECHT + CO | ||
Incorporated |
November 17, 2004
Prospectus Supplement |
Page |
|
---|---|---|
Forward-Looking Statements | ii | |
Prospectus Supplement Summary | S-1 | |
Risk Factors | S-6 | |
Use of Proceeds | S-22 | |
The Concurrent Transaction | S-22 | |
Dilution | S-23 | |
Price Range of Common Stock and Dividend Policy | S-24 | |
Capitalization | S-25 | |
Underwriting | S-26 | |
Validity of the Common Stock | S-30 | |
Experts | S-30 | |
Documents Incorporated by Reference | S-30 |
Prospectus dated March 8, 2004 |
Page |
|
---|---|---|
About This Prospectus | 2 | |
Summary | 3 | |
Risk Factors | 6 | |
Forward-Looking Statements | 20 | |
Use of Proceeds | 20 | |
Plan of Distribution | 20 | |
Legal Matters | 23 | |
Experts | 23 | |
Disclosure of SEC Position on Indemnification for Securities Act Liabilities | 23 | |
Where You Can Find More Information | 24 | |
Documents Incorporated by Reference | 24 |
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized anyone to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not, and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus supplement. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects may have changed since that date.
Overstock.com and Overstockb2b.com are registered trademarks, and Worldstock.com, Club O and Club O Gold are trademarks of Overstock.com, Inc. The Overstock.com logo and Worldstock.com logo are also trademarks of Overstock.com, Inc. Other service marks, trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus supplement are property of their respective owners.
i
This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference include or incorporate by reference forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. The words "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "will," "may," "intend" and "expect" and similar expressions generally identify forward-looking statements. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot be sure that they will be achieved. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements are set forth in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in this prospectus supplement, in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in the accompanying prospectus, and in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement. These factors are not intended to represent a complete list of the general or specific factors that may affect us. It should be recognized that other factors, including general economic factors and business strategies, may be significant, now or in the future, and the factors set forth in this prospectus supplement may affect us to a greater extent than indicated. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements set forth in or incorporated into this prospectus supplement. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
ii
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information and our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our common stock. You should read the entire prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, together with the documents incorported by reference herein carefully.
Our Company
We are an online "closeout" retailer offering discount brand name merchandise, including bed-and-bath goods, home décor, kitchenware, watches, jewelry, electronics, sporting goods and designer accessories. We also sell books, magazines, CD's, DVD's, videocassettes and video games (BMV). Our company, based in Salt Lake City, Utah, was founded in 1997, and we launched our first Website through which customers could purchase products in March 1999. In September 2004, we launched an online auction sitean online marketplace for the buying and selling of goods between third-party usersas part of our Website.
Our Business
We offer our customers an opportunity to shop for bargains conveniently, while offering our suppliers an alternative inventory liquidation distribution channel. In 1999 we offered approximately 100 products on our Website; currently we offer approximately 20,000 non-BMV products and approximately 400,000 BMV products in eight departments on our main website, www.overstock.com:
Apparel, Shoes & Accessories | ||
Books, Music & Videos | ||
Electronics & Computers | ||
Home & Garden | ||
Gifts & Flowers |
||
Jewelry & Watches | ||
Recreation & Sports | ||
Worldstock Handcrafted |
We continually add new, limited-inventory products to our Websites in order to create an atmosphere that encourages customers to visit frequently and purchase products before our inventory sells out.
We have a "direct" business, in which we buy and take possession of inventory for resale. We also have our "fulfillment partner" business, in which we sell merchandise of other retailers, cataloguers or manufacturers through our Websites. We currently have fulfillment partner relationships with approximately 363 third parties which post over 10,000 non-BMV products on our Websites. For both our direct and our fulfillment partner businesses we have a consumer and a business-to-business, or B2B, sales channel. We generate business-to-business (B2B) sales by contacting retailers and selling them merchandise below wholesale prices, allowing them an opportunity to be more price-competitive in their local markets. Although we have historically operated a separate B2B Website, our direct revenue has predominantly been based on purchases made directly through our consumer Website. As a result, during the third quarter of 2004, we integrated the B2B Website into our consumer Website. B2B clients now buy products primarily through our Club O frequent buyers club and our Club O Gold bulk purchase program. During the first three quarters of 2004, no single customer accounted for more than 2% of our total revenue.
During September 2004, we added an online auction service to our Website. For the first month of our auction business our auction revenues were insignificant.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2004, we fulfilled approximately 40% of all orders through our leased Salt Lake City, Utah warehouse or our outsourced warehouse located in Plainfield, Indiana. Our warehouses generally ship between 10,000 and 12,000 orders per day, and up to
S-1
approximately 24,000 orders per day during peak periods, using overlapping daily shifts. The balance of our orders during the third quarter of 2004 was for inventory owned and shipped by our third-party fulfillment partners.
We staff our customer service department with dedicated in-house and outsourced professionals who respond to phone and email inquiries on products, ordering, shipping status and returns. Our customer service staff processes approximately 20,000 to 25,000 calls per week, and processes approximately 20,000 to 25,000 email messages each week, with less than a 24-hour turnaround time. As of September 30, 2004, we had 408 full-time employees.
Business Strategy
Our objective is to utilize the Internet to become the dominant closeout solution for holders of brand-name merchandise, allowing them to dispose of that merchandise discreetly and with high recovery values. Our supplier relationships provide us with recognized, brand-name products. Our manufacturer and supplier relationships are based on historical experience with manufacturers and liquidation wholesalers and do not obligate or entitle us to receive merchandise on a long-term or short-term basis.
Our Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices are located at 6322 South 3000 East, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, Utah 84121, and our telephone number is (801) 947-3100. We were formed in 1997, and completed our initial public offering in June 2002. Our main Website address is www.overstock.com. The information contained on our Website is not part of this prospectus supplement.
S-2
THE OFFERING
Common stock offered by us | 1,200,000 shares. | |
Overallotment option |
180,000 shares. |
|
Common stock to be outstanding after this offering |
19,534,807 shares, or 19,714,807 shares if the overallotment option is exercised in full. |
|
The Nasdaq National Market Symbol |
"OSTK" |
|
Use of proceeds |
The net proceeds from the sale of common stock offered by this prospectus supplement will be used for general corporate purposes and working capital requirements, including sales and marketing activities and inventory purchases. In addition, we may use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire complementary technologies or businesses. However we currently have no commitments or agreements and are not involved in any negotiations with respect to any such transactions. |
|
Concurrent Transaction |
We are concurrently offering $100 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% convertible senior notes due 2011 in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act. The notes will be general unsecured obligations of the Company. The notes offering is scheduled to close concurrently with the sale of common stock. However, the closing of the sale of common stock is not contingent on the closing of the notes offering. |
|
Risk factors |
See "Risk Factors" for a discussion of the factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our common stock. |
The number of shares to be outstanding after this offering is based on 18,334,807 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2004. The number of shares outstanding excludes 1,599,701 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options, 916,466 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants, and 1,169,683 shares reserved for issuance pursuant to our 2002 Stock Option Plan, as of September 30, 2004, respectively. The number also excludes 180,000 shares subject to the underwriters' over-allotment option and shares reserved for issuance upon conversion of the convertible senior notes. Unless otherwise indicated, this prospectus supplement assumes the over-allotment option is not exercised.
S-3
The following table sets forth summary consolidated and other financial information of Overstock.com (in thousands, except per share data).
|
Year ended December 31, |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2003 |
2004 |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
||||||||||||||
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: | ||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | ||||||||||||||||||
Direct revenue | $ | 36,038 | $ | 79,405 | $ | 138,134 | $ | 79,884 | $ | 123,621 | ||||||||
Fulfillment partner revenue | 3,965 | 12,379 | 100,811 | 35,901 | 149,693 | |||||||||||||
Total revenue | 40,003 | 91,784 | 238,945 | 115,785 | 273,314 | |||||||||||||
Cost of goods sold | ||||||||||||||||||
Direct | 33,497 | 70,686 | 124,302 | 73,172 | 110,196 | |||||||||||||
Fulfillment partner | 1,143 | 2,755 | 89,190 | 28,934 | 131,010 | |||||||||||||
Total cost of goods sold | 34,640 | 73,441 | 213,492 | 102,106 | 241,206 | |||||||||||||
Gross profit | 5,363 | 18,343 | 25,453 | 13,679 | 32,108 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 15,225 | 19,494 | 37,084 | 22,246 | 39,574 | |||||||||||||
Amortization of goodwill | 3,056 | | | | | |||||||||||||
Amortization of stock-based compensation | 649 | 2,903 | 756 | 611 | 276 | |||||||||||||
Operating loss | $ | (13,567 | ) | $ | (4,054 | ) | $ | (12,387 | ) | $ | (9,178 | ) | $ | (7,742 | ) | |||
Net loss | $ | (13,806 | ) | $ | (4,560 | ) | $ | (11,887 | ) | $ | (8,742 | ) | $ | (7,483 | ) | |||
Net loss attributable to common shares | $ | (14,210 | ) | $ | (11,573 | ) | $ | (12,149 | ) | $ | (8,955 | ) | $ | (7,624 | ) | |||
Net loss per common sharebasic and diluted | $ | (1.29 | ) | $ | (0.88 | ) | $ | (0.75 | ) | $ | (0.56 | ) | $ | (0.44 | ) | |||
Weighted average common shares outstandingbasic and diluted | 10,998 | 13,108 | 16,198 | 16,100 | 17,517 |
S-4
|
As of September 30, 2004 (unaudited) |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Actual |
As Adjusted |
As Further Adjusted |
||||||
|
(in thousands) |
||||||||
Balance Sheet Data: | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 27,156 | $ | 92,490 | $ | 189,240 | |||
Marketable securities | 35,418 | 35,418 | 35,418 | ||||||
Working capital | 73,162 | 138,496 | 235,246 | ||||||
Total assets | 135,342 | 200,676 | 297,426 | ||||||
Total indebtedness | 2,489 | 2,489 | 99,239 | ||||||
Redeemable common stock | 3,119 | 3,119 | 3,119 | ||||||
Stockholders' equity | 89,523 | 154,857 | 154,857 |
The as adjusted balance sheet data as of September 30, 2004 gives effect to the sale of 1,200,000 shares of common stock based on a public offering price of $57.53 per share in this offering, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
The as further adjusted balance sheet data as of September 30, 2004 also gives effect to the sale of convertible notes with an aggregate principal amount of $100,000,000 in a separate but concurrent offering, after deducting the initial purchasers' discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The closing of the notes offering is not a condition to the closing of this offering.
S-5
Any investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below, and all other information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, before you decide whether to purchase our common stock. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also become important factors that may harm our business. The occurrence of any of the following risks could harm our business. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks and uncertainties, and you may lose part or all of your investment.
Risks Relating to Overstock.com
We have a history of significant losses. If we do not achieve profitability, our financial condition and our stock price could suffer.
We have a history of losses and we may continue to incur operating and net losses for the foreseeable future. We incurred net losses attributable to common shares of $7.6 million and $9.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively. As of September 30, 2004, and December 31, 2003, our accumulated deficit was $75.4 million and $67.8 million, respectively. We will need to generate significant revenues to achieve profitability, and we may not be able to do so. Even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis in the future. If our revenues grow more slowly than we anticipate, or if our operating expenses exceed our expectations, our financial results would be severely harmed.
We will continue to incur significant operating expenses and may continue to incur operating and net losses for the foreseeable future. Because we will incur many of these expenses before we receive any revenues from our efforts, our losses may be greater than the losses we would incur if we developed our business more slowly. Further, we base our expenses in large part on our operating plans and future revenue projections. Many of our expenses are fixed in the short term, and we may not be able to quickly reduce spending if our revenues are lower than we project. Therefore, any significant shortfall in revenues would likely harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, we may find that these efforts are more expensive than we currently anticipate, which would further increase our losses. Also, the timing of these expenses may contribute to fluctuations in our quarterly operating results.
If we fail to accurately forecast our expenses and revenues, our business, operating results and financial condition may suffer and the price of our stock may decline.
Our limited operating history and the rapidly evolving nature of our industry make forecasting quarterly operating results difficult. We may not be able to quickly reduce spending if our revenues are lower than we project. Therefore, any significant shortfall in revenues would likely harm our business, operating results and financial condition and cause our results of operation to fall below the expectations of public market analysts and investors. If this occurs, the price of our common stock may decline.
We depend on our relationships with third-party fulfillment partners for a large portion of the products that we offer for sale on our Websites. If we fail to maintain these relationships, our business will suffer.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2004, we had active fulfillment partner relationships with approximately 363 third parties whose products we offer for sale on our Websites. At September 30, 2004, these products accounted for approximately 55% of the non-BMV products available on our Websites. We do not have any long-term agreements with any of these third parties. Our agreements with third parties are terminable at will by either party immediately upon notice. In general, we agree to offer the third parties' products on our Websites and these third parties agree to provide us with
S-6
information about their products, honor our customer service policies and ship the products directly to the customer. If we do not maintain our existing or build new relationships with third parties on acceptable commercial terms, we may not be able to offer a broad selection of merchandise, and customers may not shop at our Websites. In addition, manufacturers may decide not to offer particular products for sale on the Internet. If we are unable to maintain our existing or build new fulfillment partner relationships or if other product manufacturers refuse to allow their products to be sold via the Internet, our business would suffer severely.
We are partially dependent on third parties to fulfill a number of our fulfillment, distribution and other retail functions. If such parties are unwilling or unable to continue providing these services, our business could be seriously harmed.
In our fulfillment partner business, although we now handle returned merchandise, we continue to rely on third parties to conduct a number of other traditional retail operations with respect to their respective products that we offer for sale on our Websites, including maintaining inventory, preparing merchandise for shipment to individual customers and timely distribution of purchased merchandise. We have no effective means to ensure that these third parties will continue to perform these services to our satisfaction or on commercially reasonable terms. In addition, because we do not take possession of these third parties' products, we are unable to fulfill these traditional retail operations ourselves. Our customers could become dissatisfied and cancel their orders or decline to make future purchases if these third parties are unable to deliver products on a timely basis. If our customers become dissatisfied with the services provided by these third parties, our reputation and the Overstock.com brand could suffer.
We rely on our relationships with manufacturers, retailers and other suppliers to obtain sufficient quantities of quality merchandise on acceptable terms. If we fail to maintain our supplier relationships on acceptable terms, our sales and profitability could suffer.
To date, we have not entered into contracts with manufacturers or liquidation wholesalers that guarantee the availability of merchandise for a set duration. Our contracts or arrangements with suppliers do not provide for the continuation of particular pricing practices and may be terminated by either party at any time. Our current suppliers may not continue to sell their excess inventory to us on current terms or at all, and we may not be able to establish new supply relationships. For example, it is difficult for us to maintain high levels of product quality and selection because none of the manufacturers, suppliers and liquidation wholesalers from whom we purchase products on a purchase order by purchase order basis have a continuing obligation to provide us with merchandise at historical levels or at all. In most cases, our relationships with our suppliers do not restrict the suppliers from selling their respective excess inventory to other traditional or online merchandise liquidators, which could in turn limit the selection of products available on our Websites. If we are unable to develop and maintain relationships with suppliers that will allow us to obtain sufficient quantities of merchandise on acceptable commercial terms, such inability could harm our business, results of operation and financial condition.
We depend upon third-party delivery services to deliver our products to our customers on a timely and consistent basis. A deterioration in our relationship with any one of these third parties could decrease our ability to track shipments, cause shipment delays, and increase our shipping costs and the number of damaged products.
We rely upon multiple third parties for the shipment of our products. Because we do not have a written long-term agreement with any of these third parties, we cannot be sure that these relationships will continue on terms favorable to us, if at all. Unexpected increases in shipping costs or delivery times, particularly during the holiday season, could harm our business, prospects, financial condition
S-7
and results of operations. If our relationships with these third parties are terminated or impaired or if these third parties are unable to deliver products for us, whether through labor shortage, slow down or stoppage, deteriorating financial or business condition, responses to terrorist attacks or for any other reason, we would be required to use alternative carriers for the shipment of products to our customers. We may be unable to engage alternative carriers on a timely basis or upon terms favorable to us. Changing carriers would likely have a negative effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Potential adverse consequences include:
A significant number of merchandise returns could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We allow our customers to return products and beginning July 1, 2003, we started accepting returns of products sold through our fulfillment partners. Our ability to handle a large volume of returns is unproven. In addition, any policies intended to reduce the number of product returns may result in customer dissatisfaction and fewer return customers. If merchandise returns are significant, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
If the products that we offer on our Websites do not reflect our customers' tastes and preferences, our sales and profit margins would decrease.
Our success depends in part on our ability to offer products that reflect consumers' tastes and preferences. Consumers' tastes are subject to frequent, significant and sometimes unpredictable changes. Because the products that we sell typically consist of manufacturers' and retailers' excess inventory, we have limited control over the specific products that we are able to offer for sale. If our merchandise fails to satisfy customers' tastes or respond to changes in customer preferences, our sales could suffer and we could be required to mark down unsold inventory which would depress our profit margins. In addition, any failure to offer products in line with customers' preferences could allow our competitors to gain market share. This could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We face risks relating to our inventory.
We directly purchase some of the merchandise that we sell on our Websites. We assume the inventory damage, theft and obsolescence risks, as well as price erosion risks for products that we purchase directly. These risks are especially significant because some of the merchandise we sell at our Websites are characterized by rapid technological change, obsolescence and price erosion (for example, computer hardware, software and consumer electronics), and because we sometimes make large purchases of particular types of inventory. In addition, we often do not receive warranties on the merchandise we purchase. Further, beginning July 1, 2003, we started accepting returns of products sold through our fulfillment partners, and we have the risk of reselling the returned products.
In the recent past, we have recorded charges for obsolete inventory and have had to sell certain merchandise at a discount or loss. It is impossible to determine with certainty whether an item will sell for more than the price we pay for it. Because we rely heavily on purchased inventory, our success will depend on our ability to liquidate our inventory rapidly, the ability of our buying staff to purchase inventory at attractive prices relative to its resale value and our ability to manage customer returns and
S-8
the shrinkage resulting from theft, loss and misrecording of inventory. If we are unsuccessful in any of these areas, we may be forced to sell our inventory at a discount or loss.
We have grown quickly and if we fail to manage our growth, our business will suffer.
We have rapidly and significantly expanded our operations, and anticipate that further significant expansion will be required to address potential growth in our customer base and market opportunities. This expansion has placed, and is expected to continue to place, a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources. Some of our officers have no prior senior management experience at public companies. Our new employees include a number of key managerial, technical and operations personnel who have not yet been fully integrated into our operations, and we expect to add additional key personnel in the future. To manage the expected growth of our operations and personnel, we will be required to improve existing and implement new transaction-processing, operational and financial systems, procedures and controls, and to expand, train and manage our already growing employee base. If we are unable to manage growth effectively, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations will be harmed.
The loss of key personnel or any inability to attract and retain additional personnel could affect our ability to successfully grow our business.
Our performance is substantially dependent on the continued services and on the performance of our senior management and other key personnel, particularly Patrick M. Byrne, our President and Chairman of the Board. Our performance also depends on our ability to retain and motivate other officers and key employees. The loss of the services of any of our executive officers or other key employees for any unforeseen reason, including without limitation, illness or call to military service, could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. We do not have employment agreements with any of our key personnel and we do not maintain "key person" life insurance policies. Our future success also depends on our ability to identify, attract, hire, train, retain and motivate other highly-skilled technical, managerial, editorial, merchandising, marketing and customer service personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully attract, assimilate or retain sufficiently qualified personnel. Our failure to retain and attract the necessary technical, managerial, editorial, merchandising, marketing and customer service personnel could harm our revenues, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be unable to manage expansion into new business areas which could harm our business operations and reputation.
Our long-term strategic plan involves expansion of our operations in the liquidation market, entering into agreements to provide products and services to retail chains and other businesses, and possible expansion into additional markets. We cannot assure you that our efforts to expand our business in this manner will succeed or that we will be successful in managing or maintaining agreements to provide products and services to retail chains and other businesses. We were unable to generate significant traffic for our former B2B Website, and consequently we merged our B2B site (www.overstockb2b.com) into our B2C site, and opened a "Club O Gold" bulk purchase program (into which our current B2B customers were grandfathered). Our failure to succeed in this market or other markets may harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operation. We cannot assure you that we would be able to expand our efforts and operations in a cost-effective or timely manner or that any such efforts would increase overall market acceptance. Furthermore, any new business or Website we launch that is not favorably received by consumers could damage our reputation or the Overstock.com brand. We may expand the number of categories of products we carry on our Website. These and any other expansions of our operations would also require significant
S-9
additional expenses and development and would strain our management, financial and operational resources. The lack of market acceptance of such efforts or our inability to generate satisfactory revenues from such expanded services or products to offset their cost could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
We may expand our international business, causing our business to become increasingly susceptible to numerous international business risks and challenges that could affect our profitability.
We have begun to expand into international markets, and in the future we may do so more aggressively. International sales and transactions are subject to inherent risks and challenges that could adversely affect our profitability, including:
To the extent we generate international sales and transactions in the future, any negative impact on our international operations could negatively impact our business. In particular, gains and losses on the conversion of foreign payments into United States dollars may contribute to fluctuations in our results of operations and fluctuating exchange rates could cause reduced gross revenues and/or gross margins from non-dollar-denominated international sales.
In order to obtain future revenue growth and achieve and sustain profitability we will have to attract customers on cost-effective terms.
Our success depends on our ability to attract customers on cost-effective terms. We have relationships with online services, search engines, directories and other Websites and e-commerce businesses to provide content, advertising banners and other links that direct customers to our Websites. We rely on these relationships as significant sources of traffic to our Websites and to generate new customers. If we are unable to develop or maintain these relationships on acceptable terms, our ability to attract new customers and our financial condition could be harmed. In addition, certain of our online marketing agreements may require us to pay upfront fees and make other payments prior to the realization of the sales, if any, associated with those payments. Accordingly, if these agreements or similar agreements that we may enter into in the future fail to produce the sales that we anticipate, our results of operations will be adversely affected. We cannot assure you that we will be able to increase our revenues, if at all, in a cost-effective manner. We have also begun national television and radio branding and advertising campaigns. Such campaigns are expensive and may not result in the cost effective acquisition of customers.
Further, many of the parties with which we may have online-advertising arrangements could provide advertising services for other online or traditional retailers and merchandise liquidators. As a result, these parties may be reluctant to enter into or maintain relationships with us. Failure to achieve sufficient traffic or generate sufficient revenue from purchases originating from third parties may result in termination of these relationships by these third parties. Without these relationships, our revenues, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations could suffer.
S-10
We may not be able to compete successfully against existing or future competitors.
The online liquidation services market is new, rapidly evolving and intensely competitive. Barriers to entry are minimal, and current and new competitors can launch new Websites at a relatively low cost. Our consumer Website currently competes with:
Our Website competes with liquidation "brokers" and retailers and online marketplaces such as eBay, Inc.
We expect the online liquidation services market to become even more competitive as traditional liquidators and online retailers continue to develop services that compete with our services. In addition, manufacturers and retailers may decide to create their own Websites to sell their own excess inventory and the excess inventory of third parties. Competitive pressures created by any one of our competitors, or by our competitors collectively, could severely harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
Further, as a strategic response to changes in the competitive environment, we may from time to time make certain pricing, service or marketing decisions or acquisitions that could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. For example, to the extent that we enter new lines of businesses such as third-party logistics or discount brick and mortar retail, we would be competing with large established businesses such as APL Logistics, Ltd., Ross Stores, Inc. and TJX Companies, Inc., respectively. We have recently entered the online auctions business, in which we compete with large established businesses including eBay, Inc.
Many of our current and potential competitors described above have longer operating histories, larger customer bases, greater brand recognition and significantly greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do. In addition, online retailers and liquidation e-tailers may be acquired by, receive investments from or enter into other commercial relationships with larger, well-established and well-financed companies. Some of our competitors may be able to secure merchandise from manufacturers on more favorable terms, devote greater resources to marketing and promotional campaigns, adopt more aggressive pricing or inventory availability policies and devote substantially more resources to Website and systems development than we do. Increased competition may result in reduced operating margins, loss of market share and a diminished brand franchise. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors.
Our operating results depend on our Websites, network infrastructure and transaction-processing systems. Capacity constraints or system failures would harm our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.
Any system interruptions that result in the unavailability of our Websites or reduced performance of our transaction systems would reduce our transaction volume and the attractiveness of the services that we provide to suppliers and third parties and would seriously harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
We use internally developed systems for our Websites and certain aspects of transaction processing, including customer profiling and order verifications. We have experienced periodic systems interruptions due to server failure, which we believe will continue to occur from time to time. If the
S-11
volume of traffic on our Websites or the number of purchases made by customers substantially increases, we will need to further expand and upgrade our technology, transaction processing systems and network infrastructure. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience temporary capacity constraints due to sharply increased traffic during sales or other promotions, and during the holiday shopping season. Capacity constraints can cause unanticipated system disruptions, slower response times, degradation in levels of customer service, impaired quality and delays in reporting accurate financial information.
Our transaction processing systems and network infrastructure may be unable to accommodate increases in traffic in the future. We may be unable to project accurately the rate or timing of traffic increases or successfully upgrade our systems and infrastructure to accommodate future traffic levels on our Websites. In addition, we may be unable to upgrade and expand our transaction processing systems in an effective and timely manner or to integrate any newly developed or purchased functionality with our existing systems. Any inability to do so may cause unanticipated system disruptions, slower response times, degradation in levels of customer service, impaired quality and speed of order fulfillment or delays in reporting accurate financial information.
If the facilities where substantially all of our computer and communications hardware is located fail, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be harmed.
Our success, and, in particular, our ability to successfully receive and fulfill orders and provide high-quality customer service, largely depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our computer and communications hardware systems. Substantially all of our computer and communications hardware is located at a single co-location facility in Salt Lake City, Utah, with a backup system located at another leased facility in Salt Lake City, Utah. Although we have designed our backup system in an effort to avoid or minimize service interruptions in the event of a failure of our main facility, our systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, terrorist attacks, acts of war, break-ins, earthquake and similar events. We do not have a formal disaster recovery plan and our business interruption insurance may be insufficient to compensate us for losses that may occur. Despite the implementation of network security measures, our servers are vulnerable to computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins and similar disruptions, which could lead to interruptions, delays, loss of critical data or the inability to accept and fulfill customer orders. The occurrence of any of the foregoing risks could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be unable to protect our proprietary technology or keep up with that of our competitors.
Our success depends to a significant degree upon the protection of our software and other proprietary intellectual property rights. We may be unable to deter misappropriation of our proprietary information, detect unauthorized use and take appropriate steps to enforce our intellectual property rights. In addition, our competitors could, without violating our proprietary rights, develop technologies that are as good as or better than our technology.
Our failure to protect our software and other proprietary intellectual property rights or to develop technologies that are as good as our competitors' could put us at a disadvantage to our competitors. In addition, the failure of the third parties whose products we offer for sale on our Websites to protect their intellectual property rights, including their domain names, could impair our operations. These failures could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
S-12
If we do not respond to rapid technological changes, our services could become obsolete and we could lose customers.
To remain competitive, we must continue to enhance and improve the functionality and features of our e-commerce businesses. We may face material delays in introducing new services, products and enhancements. If this happens, our customers may forgo the use of our Websites and use those of our competitors. The Internet and the online commerce industry are rapidly changing. If competitors introduce new products and services using new technologies or if new industry standards and practices emerge, our existing Websites and our proprietary technology and systems may become obsolete. Our failure to respond to technological change or to adequately maintain, upgrade and develop our computer network and the systems used to process customers' orders and payments could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to obtain trademark protection for our marks, which could impede our efforts to build brand identity.
We have filed trademark applications with the Patent and Trademark Office seeking registration of certain service marks or trademarks. There can be no assurance that our applications will be successful or that we will be able to secure significant protection for our service marks or trademarks in the United States or elsewhere as we expand internationally. Our competitors or others could adopt product or service marks similar to our marks, or try to prevent us from using our marks, thereby impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to customer confusion. Any claim by another party against us or customer confusion related to our trademarks, or our failure to obtain trademark registration, could negatively affect our business.
We may not be able to enforce protection of our intellectual property rights under the laws of other countries.
As we continue to expand internationally, we are subject to risks of doing business internationally as related to our intellectual property, including:
Our business and reputation may be harmed by the listing or sale of pirated, counterfeit or illegal items by third parties, and by intellectual property litigation.
We have received in the past, and we anticipate we will receive in the future, communications alleging that certain items listed or sold through our Websites infringe third-party copyrights, trademarks and trade names or other intellectual property rights or that we have otherwise infringed third parties' past, current or future intellectual property rights. For example, in October 2003, Tiffany (NJ) Inc. and Tiffany and Company filed a complaint against us in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging that we have distributed counterfeit and otherwise unauthorized Tiffany product in violation of federal copyright and trademark law and related state laws.
We may be unable to prevent third parties from listing unlawful goods, and we may be subject to allegations of civil or criminal liability for unlawful activities carried out by third parties through our Websites. In the future, we may implement measures to protect against these potential liabilities that could require us to spend substantial resources and/or to reduce revenues by discontinuing certain service offerings. Any costs incurred as a result of liability or asserted liability relating to the sale of
S-13
unlawful goods or the unlawful sale of goods could harm our revenues, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
Resolving litigation or claims regarding patents or other intellectual property, whether meritorious or not, could be costly, time-consuming, cause service delays, divert our management and key personnel from our business operations, require expensive or unwanted changes in our methods of doing business or require us to enter into costly royalty or licensing agreements, if available. As a result, these claims could harm our business.
Negative publicity generated as a result of the foregoing could damage our reputation, harm our business and diminish the value of our brand name.
We may be liable if third parties misappropriate our customers' personal information.
If third parties are able to penetrate our network security or otherwise misappropriate our customers' personal information or credit card information, or if we give third parties improper access to our customers' personal information or credit card information, we could be subject to liability. This liability could include claims for unauthorized purchases with credit card information, impersonation or other similar fraud claims. This liability could also include claims for other misuses of personal information, including unauthorized marketing purposes. These claims could result in litigation. Liability for misappropriation of this information could adversely affect our business. In addition, the Federal Trade Commission and state agencies have been investigating various Internet companies regarding their use of personal information. We could incur additional expenses if new regulations regarding the use of personal information are introduced or if government agencies investigate our privacy practices.
We rely on encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties to provide the security and authentication necessary to effect secure transmission of confidential information such as customer credit card numbers. We cannot assure you that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other events or developments will not result in a compromise or breach of the algorithms that we use to protect customer transaction data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could harm our reputation, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. A party who is able to circumvent our security measures could misappropriate proprietary information or cause interruptions in our operations. We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against such security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by such breaches. We cannot assure you that our security measures will prevent security breaches or that failure to prevent such security breaches will not harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be subject to product liability claims that could be costly and time consuming.
We sell products manufactured by third parties, some of which may be defective. If any product that we sell were to cause physical injury or injury to property, the injured party or parties could bring claims against us as the retailer of the product. Our insurance coverage may not be adequate to cover every claim that could be asserted. If a successful claim were brought against us in excess of our insurance coverage, it could adversely affect our business. Even unsuccessful claims could result in the expenditure of funds and management time and could have a negative impact on our business.
Issuances of our securities are subject to federal and state securities laws, and certain holders of common stock issued by us may be entitled to rescind their purchases.
Issuances of securities are subject to federal and state securities laws. From November 1999 through September 2000, we offered and sold common stock to investors in various states. Certain of those offerings may not have complied with various requirements of applicable state securities laws. In
S-14
such situations a number of remedies may be available to regulatory authorities and the investors who purchased common stock in those offerings, including, without limitation, a right of rescission, civil penalties, seizure of our assets, a restraining order or injunction, and a court order to pay restitution and costs. As a result, certain investors in our common stock may be entitled to return their shares to Overstock.com and receive from us the full price they paid, plus interest, which we estimate to be an aggregate amount of approximately $3.1 million at September 30, 2004.
We have entered into a credit facility in order to increase our ability to purchase additional inventory in order to grow more quickly, and the credit facility and related agreements may restrict our ability to adapt our business plan.
We have entered into a credit facility in order to increase our ability to build our inventory levels prior to our peak selling season. Our obligations under the inventory credit facility are secured by all or substantially all of our assets. The documents relating to the inventory credit facility contain various covenants that limit our ability to, among other things:
Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, including economic, financial and industry conditions. In addition, even if we are able to comply with all applicable covenants, the restrictions on our ability to manage our business in our sole discretion could adversely affect our business by, among other things, limiting our ability to take advantage of corporate opportunities that we believe would be beneficial to us.
Risks Relating to our Auctions Site Business
Our auctions site is a new business.
Our auctions site began operation in September 2004. The online auctions business is a new business for us, and we cannot assure you that our expansion into the online auctions business will succeed. Our entry into the online auctions business will require us to devote substantial financial, technical, managerial and other resources to the business. It will also expose us to additional risks, including legal and regulatory risks, and will require us to compete with established businesses having substantially greater experience in the online auctions business and substantially greater resources than we do.
Our auction business may be subject to a variety of regulatory requirements.
Many states and other jurisdictions, including Utah, where our company is located, have regulations governing the conduct of traditional "auctions" and the liability of traditional "auctioneers" in conducting auctions. Although the vast majority of these regulations clearly contemplated only traditional auctions, and did not contemplate online auctions, the potential application of these types of regulations to online auction sites is not clear. We are aware that several states and some foreign jurisdictions have attempted to impose such regulations on other companies operating online auction sites or on the users of those sites. In addition, certain states have laws or regulations that do expressly
S-15
apply to online auction site services. Although we do not expect these laws to have a significant effect on our auction site business, we will incur costs in complying with these laws, and we may from time to time be required to make changes in our business that may increase our costs, reduce our revenues, cause us to prohibit the listing of certain items in certain locations, or make other changes that may adversely affect our auctions business.
Current and future laws could affect our auctions business.
Like our shopping site business, our auction site business is subject to the same laws and regulations as apply to other companies conducting business on and off the Internet. In addition, our auction site business may be affected by other laws and regulations, such as those that expressly apply to online auction site services. Further, because of the wide range of items that users of our auctions service may choose to list on the site, a variety of additional laws and regulations may apply to transactions between users of our site, such as those requiring a license to sell or purchase certain items or mandating particular disclosures in connection with an offer or sale of an item. To the extent that such current or future laws or regulations prevent users from selling items on our auction site, they could harm our business.
Our business may be harmed if our auction site is used for unlawful transactions.
The law regarding the potential liability of an online auction service for the activities of its users is not clear. We prohibit the listing of numerous categories of items in an effort to reduce the possibility that users of our auction site will engage in an unlawful transaction. However, we cannot assure that users of the site will comply with all laws and regulations applicable to them and their transactions, and we may be subject to allegations of civil or criminal liability for any unlawful activities conducted by them. Any costs we incur as a result of any such allegations, or as a result of actual or alleged unlawful transactions utilizing our site, or in our efforts to prevent any such transactions, may harm our business. In addition, any negative publicity we receive regarding any such transactions or allegations may damage our reputation, our ability to attract new customers to our main shopping site, and the Overstock.com brand name generally.
Fraudulent activities using our auctions site and disputes between users of our auctions site may harm our business.
We are aware that other companies operating online auction services have periodically received complaints from users alleging that they have not received the purchase price or the goods they expected to receive, and that in some cases users have been arrested and convicted for engaging in fraudulent activities using those companies' auction sites. We may receive similar complaints. We do not have the ability to require users of our services to fulfill their obligations to make payments or to deliver items. We are aware that other companies periodically receive complaints from buyers about the quality of the items they purchase, requests for reimbursement of amounts paid, and communications threatening or commencing legal actions against them. We may receive similar complaints, requests and communications in connection with our auctions site business.
Difficulties or negative publicity associated with our auctions business could affect our main shopping site business.
Any significant operational or other difficulties we encounter with our auctions business could damage our reputation, our ability to attract new customers to our main shopping site, and the Overstock.com brand name generally. Negative publicity resulting from actual or alleged fraudulent or deceptive conduct by users of our auctions site could also damage our reputation, our ability to attract new customers to our main shopping site, and the Overstock.com brand name generally.
S-16
Risks Relating to the Internet Industry
Our success is tied to the continued use of the Internet and the adequacy of the Internet infrastructure.
Our future revenues and profits, if any, substantially depend upon the continued widespread use of the Internet as an effective medium of business and communication. Factors which could reduce the widespread use of the Internet include:
Customers may be unwilling to use the Internet to purchase goods.
Our long-term future depends heavily upon the general public's willingness to use the Internet as a means to purchase goods. E-commerce remains a relatively new concept, and large numbers of customers may not begin or continue to use the Internet to purchase goods. The demand for and acceptance of products sold over the Internet are highly uncertain, and most e-commerce businesses have a short track record. If consumers are unwilling to use the Internet to conduct business, our business may not develop profitably.
The security risks of e-commerce may discourage customers from purchasing goods from us.
In order for the e-commerce market to develop successfully, we and other market participants must be able to transmit confidential information securely over public networks. Third parties may have the technology or know-how to breach the security of customer transaction data. Any breach could cause customers to lose confidence in the security of our Websites and choose not to purchase from our Websites. If someone is able to circumvent our security measures, he or she could destroy or steal valuable information or disrupt our operations. Concerns about the security and privacy of transactions over the Internet could inhibit the growth of the Internet and e-commerce. Our security measures may not effectively prohibit others from obtaining improper access to our information. Third parties may target our customers directly with fraudulent identity theft schemes designed to appear as legitimate communications from us. Any security breach or fraud perpetrated on our customers could expose us to increased costs and to risks of loss, litigation and liability and could seriously disrupt our operations.
Credit card fraud could adversely affect our business.
We do not carry insurance against the risk of credit card fraud, so the failure to adequately control fraudulent credit card transactions could reduce our net revenues and our gross margin. We have implemented technology to help us detect the fraudulent use of credit card information. However, we may in the future suffer losses as a result of orders placed with fraudulent credit card data even though the associated financial institution approved payment of the orders. Under current credit card practices, we may be liable for fraudulent credit card transactions because we do not obtain a cardholder's signature. If we are unable to detect or control credit card fraud, our liability for these transactions could harm our business, results of operation or financial condition.
If one or more states successfully assert that we should collect sales or other taxes on the sale of our merchandise or the merchandise of third parties that we offer for sale on our Websites, our business could be harmed.
We do not currently collect sales or other similar taxes for physical shipments of goods into states other than Utah. One or more local, state or foreign jurisdictions may seek to impose sales tax
S-17
collection obligations on us and other out-of-state companies that engage in online commerce. Our business could be adversely affected if one or more states or any foreign country successfully asserts that we should collect sales or other taxes on the sale of our merchandise.
Existing or future government regulation could harm our business.
We are subject to the same federal, state and local laws as other companies conducting business on the Internet. Today there are relatively few laws specifically directed towards conducting business on the Internet. However, due to the increasing popularity and use of the Internet, many laws and regulations relating to the Internet are being debated at the state and federal levels. These laws and regulations could cover issues such as user privacy, freedom of expression, pricing, fraud, quality of products and services, taxation, advertising, intellectual property rights and information security. Applicability to the Internet of existing laws governing issues such as property ownership, copyrights and other intellectual property issues, taxation, libel, obscenity and personal privacy could also harm our business. For example, United States and foreign laws regulate our ability to use customer information and to develop, buy and sell mailing lists. The vast majority of these laws were adopted prior to the advent of the Internet, and do not contemplate or address the unique issues raised thereby. Those laws that do reference the Internet, such as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003, are only beginning to be interpreted by the courts and their applicability and reach are therefore uncertain. These current and future laws and regulations could harm our business, results of operation and financial condition.
Laws or regulations relating to privacy and data protection may adversely affect the growth of our Internet business or our marketing efforts.
We are subject to increasing regulation at the federal, state and international levels relating to privacy and the use of personal user information. For example, we are subject to various telemarketing laws that regulate the manner in which we may solicit future suppliers and customers. Such regulations, along with increased governmental or private enforcement, may increase the cost of growing our business. In addition, several states have proposed legislation that would limit the uses of personal user information gathered online or require online services to establish privacy policies. The Federal Trade Commission has adopted regulations regarding the collection and use of personal identifying information obtained from children under 13. Bills proposed in Congress would extend online privacy protections to adults. Moreover, proposed legislation in this country and existing laws in foreign countries require companies to establish procedures to notify users of privacy and security policies, obtain consent from users for collection and use of personal information, and/or provide users with the ability to access, correct and delete personal information stored by us. We could become a party to a similar enforcement proceeding. These data protection regulations and enforcement efforts may restrict our ability to collect demographic and personal information from users, which could be costly or harm our marketing efforts.
Risks Relating to the Concurrent Transaction
We will significantly increase our leverage as a result of the sale of the convertible notes.
If our concurrent offering of convertible senior notes closes, we will incur $100,000,000 of indebtedness, or up to $120,000,000 if the initial purchasers exercise in full their option to purchase additional notes. As a result of this indebtedness, our principal and interest payment obligations will increase substantially. The degree to which we will be leveraged could materially and adversely affect our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, acquisitions or other purposes and could make us more vulnerable to industry downturns and competitive pressures. Our ability to meet our debt service obligations will be dependent upon our future performance, which will be subject to financial, business and other factors affecting our operations, many of which are beyond our control.
S-18
We may be unable to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy our debt service obligations.
Our ability to generate cash flow from operations to make interest payments on the notes will depend on our future performance, which will be affected by a range of economic, competitive and business factors. We cannot control many of these factors, including general economic conditions and the health of the Internet retailing industry. If our operations do not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to satisfy our debt service obligations, we may need to borrow additional funds to make these payments or undertake alternative financing plans, such as refinancing or restructuring our debt, or reducing or delaying capital investments and acquisitions. Additional funds or alternative financing may not be available to us on favorable terms, or at all. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flow from operations or obtain additional funds or alternative financing on acceptable terms could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be unable to repay or repurchase the notes.
At maturity, the entire outstanding principal amount of the notes will become due and payable by us. In addition, if any of certain "fundamental changes", as defined in the Indenture governing the notes, occurs, each holder of the notes may require that we repurchase all or a portion of that holder's notes. We cannot assure you that we will have sufficient funds or will be able to arrange for additional financing to pay the principal amount or repurchase price due. In addition, future borrowing arrangements or agreements to which we become a party may contain restrictions on, or prohibitions against, our repayment or repurchase of the notes. In the event that the maturity date or "fundamental change" occurs at a time when we are prohibited from repaying or repurchasing the notes, we could attempt to obtain the consent of the lenders under those arrangements to purchase the notes or we could attempt to refinance the borrowings that contain the restrictions. If we do not obtain the necessary consents or refinance these borrowings, we will be unable to repay or repurchase the notes, which would constitute a default under the Indenture governing the notes.
This offering is not conditioned on the notes offering.
Although the notes offering is scheduled to close concurrently with the sale of common stock, the sale of common stock is not conditioned on the closing of the notes offering. Accordingly, the sale of common stock may be completed without the notes offering. If the notes offering is not consummated, the Company will not have the additional liquidity that it expects from the notes offering.
Risks Relating to the Securities Markets and Ownership of Our Common Stock
Our stock price may be volatile and you may lose all or a part of your investment.
Our common stock has been publicly traded only since May 30, 2002. The market price of our common stock has been subject to significant fluctuations since the date of our initial public offering. These fluctuations could continue. It is possible that in some future periods our results of operations may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors. If this occurs, our stock price may decline. Among the factors that could affect our stock price are as follows:
S-19
In addition, the stock markets have experienced significant price and trading volume fluctuations. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a public company's securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against that company. Such litigation could result in substantial cost and a diversion of management's attention and resources.
Our quarterly operating results are volatile and may adversely affect our stock price.
Our future revenues and operating results are likely to vary significantly from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors, many of which are outside our control, and any of which could harm our business. As a result, we believe that quarterly comparisons of our operating results are not necessarily meaningful and that you should not rely on the results of one quarter as an indication of our future performance. In addition to the other risk factors described in this report, additional factors that have caused and/or could cause our quarterly operating results to fluctuate and in turn affect our stock price include:
Our operating results may fluctuate depending on the season, and such fluctuations may affect our stock price.
We have experienced and expect to continue to experience fluctuations in our operating results because of seasonal fluctuations in traditional retail patterns. Sales in the retail and wholesale industry tend to be significantly higher in the fourth calendar quarter of each year than in the preceding three quarters due primarily to increased shopping activity during the holiday season. However, there can be no assurance that our sales in the fourth quarter will exceed those of the preceding quarters or, if the fourth quarter sales do exceed those of the preceding quarters, that we will be able to manage the increased sales effectively. Further, we generally increase our inventories substantially in anticipation of holiday season shopping activity, which has a negative effect on our cash flow. Securities analysts and
S-20
investors may inaccurately estimate the effects of seasonality on our results of operations in one or more future quarters and, consequently, our operating results may fall below expectations, causing our stock price to decline.
We do not intend to pay dividends on our non-redeemable common stock, and you may lose the entire amount of your investment.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our non-redeemable common stock and do not intend to pay dividends on our non-redeemable common stock for the foreseeable future. In addition, we are prohibited from paying dividends (other than dividends paid in common stock) by the terms of our senior secured credit facility. We intend to invest our future earnings, if any, to fund our growth. Therefore, you will not receive any funds without selling your shares. We cannot assure that you will receive a positive return on your investment when you sell your shares or that you will not lose the entire amount of your investment.
Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Bylaws and the Delaware General Corporation Law contain anti-takeover provisions which could discourage or prevent a takeover, even if an acquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders.
Several provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws could discourage potential acquisition proposals and could delay or prevent a change in control of our company even if that change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders. For example, only one-third of our board of directors will be elected at each of our annual meetings of stockholders, which will make it more difficult for a potential acquirer to change the management of our company, even after acquiring a majority of the shares of our common stock. These provisions, which cannot be amended without the approval of two-thirds of our stockholders, could diminish the opportunities for a stockholder to participate in tender offers, including tender offers at a price above the then current market value of our common stock. In addition, our board of directors, without further stockholder approval, may issue preferred stock, with such terms as the board of directors may determine, that could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company. The issuance of preferred stock could also adversely affect the voting powers of the holders of common stock, including the loss of voting control to others. We are also afforded the protections of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which could delay or prevent a change in control of our company or could impede a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving our company or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company.
S-21
We estimate that the net proceeds to us from this offering will be approximately $65.3 million, or $75.2 million if the underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full, based on a public offering price of $57.53 per share, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of common stock offered by this prospectus supplement for general corporate purposes and working capital, including sales and marketing activities and inventory purchases. In addition, we may use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire complementary technologies or businesses. However, we currently have no commitments or agreements and are not involved in any negotiations with respect to any such transactions.
We are concurrently offering convertible senior notes in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act. Net proceeds of approximately $96.8 million, or approximately $116.2 million if the initial purchasers' option is exercised in full, from the notes offering are expected to be used for general corporate purposes and working capital, including sales and marketing activities and inventory purchases. In addition, we may use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire complementary technologies or businesses. However we currently have no commitments or agreements and are not involved in any negotiations with respect to any such transactions. The closing of the offering of the common stock offered hereby is not conditioned upon the closing of the notes offering.
S-22
Our net tangible book value at September 30, 2004, was approximately $89.7 million, or $4.89 per share. Net tangible book value per share is equal to our total tangible assets less our total liabilities, divided by the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding.
After giving effect to the sale of 1,200,000 shares of our common stock in this offering at a public offering price of $57.53 per share, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our as adjusted net tangible book value at September 30, 2004, would have been approximately $155.0 million, or approximately $7.94 per share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $3.04 per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of approximately $49.59 per share to new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering.
The following table illustrates the per share dilution to the new investors:
Public offering price per share | $ | 57.53 | ||||
Net tangible book value per share as of September 30, 2004 | $ | 4.89 | ||||
Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to this offering | 3.04 | |||||
As adjusted net tangible book value per share after offering | 7.94 | |||||
Dilution per share to new investors in this offering | $ | 49.59 | ||||
If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, there will be an increase in as adjusted net tangible book value of $3.47 per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in as adjusted net tangible book value of $49.17 to new investors.
S-23
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK AND DIVIDEND POLICY
Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "OSTK." The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low closing prices per share for our common stock as reported on The Nasdaq National Market since May 30, 2002.
|
High |
Low |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year Ended December 31, 2002 | |||||||
Second Quarter (from May 30, 2002) | $ | 14.60 | $ | 12.25 | |||
Third Quarter | 14.55 | 5.40 | |||||
Fourth Quarter | 15.43 | 4.41 | |||||
Year Ended December 31, 2003 |
|||||||
First Quarter | 18.11 | 9.74 | |||||
Second Quarter | 14.69 | 8.00 | |||||
Third Quarter | 17.24 | 10.47 | |||||
Fourth Quarter | 20.92 | 12.84 | |||||
Year Ended December 31, 2004 |
|||||||
First Quarter | 34.84 | 16.32 | |||||
Second Quarter | 40.23 | 30.65 | |||||
Third Quarter | 38.27 | 27.88 | |||||
Fourth Quarter (through November 17, 2004) | $ | 61.78 | $ | 38.43 |
On November 17, 2004, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq National Market was $57.53 per share. As of November 17, 2004, there were approximately 121 holders of record of our common stock. Because many of our shares of common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of shareholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of shareholders represented by these record holders.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on shares of our non-redeemable common stock. We currently intend to retain our earnings for future growth and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Our secured credit facility with Wells Fargo Foothill, Inc. prohibits us from paying dividends. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our results of operations, financial conditions, contractual and legal restrictions and other factors the board deems relevant.
Certain offerings of our common stock may not have complied with various requirements of applicable state securities laws. As such, certain investors in our common stock may be entitled to return their shares to us and receive back from us the full price they paid, plus interest. Although no investors have attempted to exercise a right of rescission, and although we have never declared or paid any cash dividends on shares of our common stock that may be subject to rescission, we have recorded "interest," which may be payable on these securities if the rescission rights are exercised, as a deemed dividend in our financial statements. If an investor does attempt to exercise a right of rescission, the interest attributable to their securities would likely become payable in cash.
S-24
The following table sets forth our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and capitalization at September 30, 2004:
You should read the information below in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" incorporated into this prospectus supplement.
|
As of September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Actual |
As Adjusted |
As further Adjusted |
||||||||
|
(in thousands) |
||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities | $ | 62,574 | $ | 127,908 | $ | 224,658 | |||||
Total indebtedness | $ | 2,489 | $ | 2,489 | $ | 99,239 | |||||
Redeemable common stock, $0.0001 par value, 460,371 shares issued and outstanding | 3,119 | 3,119 | 3,119 | ||||||||
Stockholders' equity: | |||||||||||
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 17,909,722 shares issued actual; 19,109,722 shares issued, as adjusted and as further adjusted | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 166,104 | 231,438 | 231,438 | ||||||||
Accumulated deficit | (75,439 | ) | (75,439 | ) | (75,439 | ) | |||||
Unearned stock-based compensation | (982 | ) | (982 | ) | (982 | ) | |||||
Treasury stock, 35,286 shares at cost | (100 | ) | (100 | ) | (100 | ) | |||||
Other comprehensive loss | (62 | ) | (62 | ) | (62 | ) | |||||
Total stockholders' equity | 89,523 | 154,857 | 154,857 | ||||||||
Total capitalization | $ | 95,131 | $ | 160,465 | $ | 257,215 | |||||
The number of shares to be outstanding after this offering is based on 18,334,807 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2004. The number of shares outstanding excludes 1,599,701 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options, 916,466 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants, and 1,169,683 shares reserved for issuance pursuant to our 2002 Stock Option Plan, as of September 30, 2004, respectively. The number also excludes 180,000 shares subject to the underwriters' over-allotment option and shares reserved for issuance upon conversion of the Convertible Notes.
S-25
Lehman Brothers Inc. is acting as representative of the underwriters. Under the terms of an Underwriting Agreement, which we will file as an exhibit to our current report on Form 8-K and incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, each of the underwriters named below has severally agreed to purchase from us the respective number of common stock shown opposite its name below:
Underwriter |
Number of Shares |
||
---|---|---|---|
Lehman Brothers Inc. | 812,000 | ||
Piper Jaffray & Co. | 116,000 | ||
Legg Mason Wood Walker, Incorporated | 116,000 | ||
WR Hambrecht + Co, LLC. | 116,000 | ||
Avondale Partners LLC | 20,000 | ||
Pacific Growth Equities LLC | 20,000 | ||
Total | 1,200,000 | ||
The underwriting agreement provides that the underwriters' obligation to purchase shares of common stock depends on the satisfaction of the conditions contained in the underwriting agreement including:
Commissions and Expenses
The maximum commission or discount to be received by any independent broker-dealer or any member of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. will not be greater than 8% of the proceeds from the sale of shares offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement.
The following table summarizes the underwriting discounts and commissions we will pay to the underwriters. These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option to purchase 180,000 additional shares. The underwriting fee is the difference between the initial price to the public and the amount the underwriters pay to the Company for the shares.
|
No Exercise |
Full Exercise |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Per share | $ | 2.8765 | $ | 2.8765 | ||
Total |
$ |
3,451,800 |
$ |
3,969,570 |
The representatives of the underwriters have advised us that the underwriters propose to offer shares of common stock directly to the public at the public offering price on the cover of this prospectus and to selected dealers, who may include the underwriters, at such offering price less a selling concession not in excess of $1.72 per share. The underwriters may allow, and the selected dealers may re-allow, a discount from the concession not in excess of $.10 per share to other dealers. After the offering, the representatives may change the public offering price and other offering terms.
S-26
The expenses of the offering that are payable by us are estimated to be $250,000.
Over-Allotment Option
We have granted the underwriters a 30-day option after the date of this prospectus to purchase, from time to time, in whole or in part, up to an aggregate of 180,000 shares at the public offering price less underwriting discounts and commissions. The option may be exercised to cover over-allotments, if any, made in connection with the offering. To the extent that this option is exercised, each underwriter will be obligated, subject to certain conditions, to purchase its pro rata portion of these additional shares based on the underwriter's percentage underwriting commitment in the offering as indicated in the preceding table.
Lock-Up Agreements
We have agreed, for a period of 90 days from the date of this prospectus, subject to certain exceptions, not, to offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, enter into any transaction which is designed to, or might reasonably be expected to, result in the disposition (whether by actual disposition or effective economic disposition due to cash settlement or otherwise), file (or participate in the filing of) a registration statement with the SEC in respect of, or establish or increase a put equivalent position or liquidate or decrease a call equivalent position within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder with respect to, any shares of capital stock of the Company or any securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for such capital stock, or publicly announce an intention to effect any such transaction, without the prior written consent of Lehman Brothers Inc. Certain of our executive officers and directors have agreed to substantially similar terms but for a period of 60 days, pursuant to individual lock-up agreements. The foregoing restrictions on sales do not apply to our ability to sell securities to the underwriters pursuant to the underwriting agreement or to our proposed issuance of convertible notes or to our ability to issue shares of our common stock issuable on conversion of the convertible debt securities. In addition, the foregoing restrictions do not apply to our ability to issue our common stock pursuant to our existing stock option and employee stock purchase plans or under outstanding securities convertible into common stock.
Indemnification
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act and to contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to make for these liabilities.
Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids
The representatives may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions, and penalty bids or purchasers for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of the common stock, in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act of 1934:
S-27
These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the common stock. As a result, the price of the common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. These transactions may be effected on The NASDAQ National Market or otherwise and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
Neither we nor any of the underwriters make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of the common stock. In addition, neither we nor any of the underwriters make representation that the representatives will engage in these stabilizing transactions or that any transaction, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.
Passive Market Making
In connection with the offering, underwriters and selling group members may engage in passive market making transactions in the common stock on The Nasdaq National Market in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the period before the commencement of offers or sales of common stock and extending through the completion of distribution. A passive market maker must display its bids at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid of the security. However, if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker's bid, that bid must be lowered when specified purchase limits are exceeded."
Electronic Distribution
A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the Internet sites or through other online services maintained by one or more of the underwriters and/or selling group members participating in this offering, or by their affiliates. In those cases, prospective investors may view offering terms online and, depending upon the particular underwriter or selling group member, prospective investors may be allowed to place orders online. The underwriters may agree with us to allocate a specific number of shares for sale to online brokerage account holders. Any such allocation for online distributions will be made by the representatives on the same basis as other allocations.
Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on any underwriter's or selling group member's website and any information contained in any other website maintained by an underwriter or selling group member is not part of the prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or any underwriter or
S-28
selling group member in its capacity as underwriter or selling group member and should not be relied upon by investors.
Registration Rights
A predecessor to Overstock.com was a party to an Investors' Rights Agreement dated March 4, 2002. The holders of the requisite percentage of the registrable securities remaining subject to that agreement have waived the rights of all such holders to participate in this offering.
Relationships
From time to time one or more of the underwriters and their respective affiliates have rendered investment banking or financial advisory services to us, for which they have received customary fees and reimbursement of expenses. The underwriters may, from time to time, engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary course of their business.
S-29
The validity of the common stock being offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Bracewell & Patterson, L.L.P., Austin, Texas, and for the underwriters by Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton, New York, New York.
The consolidated financial statements of Overstock.com, Inc. incorporated in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to "incorporate by reference" the information we file with them, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings we will make with the SEC prior to the termination of the offering under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:
The reports and other documents that we file after the date of this prospectus supplement and prior to the termination of this offering shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and will update, supplement and supersede the information in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner to whom a prospectus supplement is delivered, a copy of any or all of the information that has been incorporated by reference in the prospectus supplement but not delivered with the prospectus supplement. We will provide this information upon written or oral request at no cost to the requester. You may request a copy of any of this information by writing us at the following address: Overstock.com, Inc. 6322 South 3000 East, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, Utah 84121, Attention: Investor Relations; or by calling our Investor Relations Department at telephone number (801) 947-3100.
S-30
PROSPECTUS
2,500,000 shares
By this prospectus, we may offer shares of our common stock from time to time. We will provide specific terms in supplements to this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any supplement carefully before you purchase any of our common stock.
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "OSTK." On February 25, 2004, the last reported sale price for the common stock on the Nasdaq National Market was $28.11 per share.
The common stock may be sold directly by us, through dealers or agents designated from time to time, to or through underwriters or through a combination of these methods. We reserve the sole right to accept, and together with our dealers or agents, from time to time, to reject in whole or in part any proposed purchase of the common stock to be made directly or through dealers or agents. See "Plan of Distribution" beginning on page 20 of this prospectus. If any agents, underwriters or dealers are involved in the sale of any common stock, we will disclose their names and any applicable fees, commissions or discounts in a prospectus supplement. Each prospectus supplement will provide the terms of the plan of distribution relating to the common stock covered by that prospectus supplement.
This prospectus may not be used to offer and sell common stock unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
You are urged to carefully read the "Risk Factors" section beginning on page 6 of this prospectus, which describes the specific risks and certain other information associated with an investment in our common stock.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is March 8, 2004
This document is called a prospectus and is part of a registration statement that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, using a "shelf" registration or continuous offering process. Under this shelf process, we may, from time to time, sell any or all of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total of 2,500,000 shares.
Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement containing specific information about the terms of the offering. That prospectus supplement may include a discussion of any additional risk factors or other special considerations that apply to that offering of securities. The prospectus supplement also may add, update or change information in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and a prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in that prospectus supplement.
The registration statement containing this prospectus, including exhibits to the registration statement, provides additional information about us and the securities offered under this prospectus and any prospectus supplement. We have filed and plan to continue to file other documents with the SEC that contain information about us and our business. The registration statement and other reports can be read at the SEC Web site or at the SEC offices mentioned under the heading "Where You Can Find More Information."
You should rely only on the information provided in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, including the information incorporated by reference. Neither we, nor any underwriters, dealers or agents, have authorized anyone to provide you with different information.
Unless otherwise mentioned or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this prospectus to "Overstock", "the Company", "we", "us", "our", or similar references mean Overstock.com, Inc.
Neither this prospectus nor any prospectus supplement shall constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy offered securities in any jurisdiction in which it is unlawful for such person to make such an offering or solicitation. Neither the delivery of this prospectus or any prospectus supplement nor any sale made hereunder shall under any circumstances imply that the information contained or incorporated by reference herein or in any prospectus supplement is correct as of any date subsequent to the date hereof or of such prospectus supplement.
Overstock.com, Overstockb2b.com, Worldstock.com and The Big O are trademarks of Overstock.com, Inc. The Overstock.com logo and Worldstock.com logo are also trademarks of Overstock.com, Inc. Other service marks, trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus are property of their respective owners.
2
The Offering
Securities offered by Overstock.com, Inc.: | Up to 2,500,000 shares of common stock in one or more offerings. A prospectus supplement, which we will provide each time we offer common stock, will describe the specific amounts, prices and terms of the common stock. | |
We may sell the common stock to or through underwriters, dealers or agents or directly to purchasers. We, as well as any agents acting on our behalf, reserve the sole right to accept and to reject in whole or in part any proposed purchase of common stock. Each prospectus supplement will set forth the names of any underwriters, dealers or agents involved in the sale of common stock described in that prospectus supplement and any applicable fee, commission or discount arrangements with them. |
||
Use of proceeds: |
Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, the net proceeds from the sale of common stock offered by this prospectus will be used for general corporate purposes and working capital requirements, including sales and marketing activities and inventory purchases. Pending their ultimate use, we intend to invest the net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing, investment-grade securities. |
|
Risk factors: |
See "Risk Factors" for a discussion of the factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in shares of our common stock. |
3
The following description of our business contains forward-looking statements relating to future events or our future financial or operating performance that involve risks and uncertainties, as set forth under "Forward-Looking Statements." Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under the heading "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this prospectus.
We are an online "closeout" retailer offering discount, brand-name merchandise for sale primarily over the Internet. Our merchandise offerings include bed-and-bath goods, kitchenware, watches, jewelry, electronics, sporting goods and designer accessories. We also sell books, magazines, CDs, DVDs, video cassettes and video games ("BMV"). We offer our customers an opportunity to shop for bargains conveniently, while offering our suppliers an alternative inventory liquidation distribution channel. We typically offer approximately 12,000 non-BMV products and approximately 500,000 BMV products in up to twelve departments on our Websites, www.overstock.com, www.overstockb2b.com and www.worldstock.com. We also offer travel services, including airline tickets, hotel reservations and car rentals. We continually add new, limited inventory products to our Websites in order to create an atmosphere that encourages customers to visit frequently and purchase products before our inventory sells out.
Closeout merchandise is typically available in inconsistent quantities and prices and often is only available to consumers after it has been purchased and resold by disparate liquidation wholesalers. We utilize the Internet to create a more efficient market for liquidation merchandise. We provide consumers and businesses with quick and convenient access to high-quality, brand-name merchandise at discount prices. We believe we are unlike other online liquidators because we focus on multiple product lines, offer a single price (as opposed to an auction format), and serve both businesses and consumers.
We have a "direct" business, in which we buy and take possession of inventory for resale. We also have our "fulfillment partner" business, in which we sell merchandise of other retailers, cataloguers or manufacturers ("fulfillment partners") through our Websites. We currently have fulfillment partner relationships with approximately 250 third parties which post over 6,000 non-BMV products on our Websites. For both our direct and our fulfillment partner businesses we have a consumer and a business-to-business ("B2B") sales channel.
Our objective is to utilize the Internet to become the dominant closeout solution for holders of brand-name merchandise, allowing them to dispose of that merchandise discreetly and with high recovery values. Our supplier relationships provide us with recognized, brand-name products. Our manufacturer and supplier relationships are based on historical experience with manufacturers and liquidation wholesalers and do not obligate or entitle us to receive merchandise on a long-term or short-term basis. Currently, our products are organized into eight different product departments on our consumer Website:
Apparel, Shoes & Accessories Books, Movies, CDs & Games Electronics & Computers Home & Garden |
Jewelry, Gifts & Watches Sporting Goods & Events Travel Worldstock |
Each of these departments has multiple categories that more specifically describe the products offered within that department.
The number of products we offer has grown from less than 100 in 1999, to more than 12,000 non-BMV products and approximately 500,000 BMV products (books, magazines, CDs, DVDs, video cassettes and video games) as of December 31, 2003.
4
During 2003, we fulfilled approximately 41% of all orders through our leased Salt Lake City, Utah warehouse where we store approximately 6,000 non-BMV products offered on our Websites. Our warehouse generally ships between 4,000 and 5,000 orders per day, and up to approximately 10,000 orders per day during peak periods, using two overlapping daily shifts. The balance of our orders during 2003 were for inventory owned and shipped by approximately 250 third party fulfillment partners. From a customer's point of view, shipping from our warehouse or from one of these third parties is indistinguishable.
We are committed to superior customer service. We staff our customer service department with dedicated professionals who respond to phone and email inquiries on products, ordering, shipping status, and returns. Our customer service staff processes approximately 20,000 to 25,000 calls per week, and processes approximately 20,000 to 40,000 email messages each week, with less than a 24-hour turnaround time. As of December 31, 2003, we had 326 full-time employees.
Our principal executive offices are located at 6322 South 3000 East, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, Utah 84121 and our telephone number is (801) 947-3100. We were formed in 1997, and completed our initial public offering in June 2002. Our Website addresses are www.overstock.com, www.overstockb2b.com, and www.worldstock.com. The information contained on our Websites is not part of this prospectus.
5
Any investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below, and all other information contained in this prospectus, before you decide whether to purchase our common stock. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also become important factors that may harm our business. The occurrence of any of the following risks could harm our business. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks and uncertainties, and you may lose part or all of your investment.
Risks Relating to Overstock
Because we have a limited operating history, it is difficult to evaluate our business and future operating results.
We were originally organized in May 1997 and began posting a list of our merchandise on our Website in August 1998. In March 1999, we launched the first version of our Website through which customers could purchase products. Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our business and future operating results.
We have a history of significant losses. If we do not achieve profitability, our financial condition and our stock price could suffer.
We have a history of losses and we may continue to incur operating and net losses for the foreseeable future. We incurred net losses attributable to common shares of $11.6 million and $12.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2003, respectively. As of December 31, 2002, and 2003, our accumulated deficit was $55.7 million and $67.8 million, respectively. We will need to generate significant revenues to achieve profitability, and we may not be able to do so. Even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis in the future. If our revenues grow more slowly than we anticipate, or if our operating expenses exceed our expectations, our financial results would be harmed.
We will continue to incur significant operating expenses and capital expenditures as we:
Because we will incur many of these expenses before we receive any revenues from our efforts, our losses may be greater than the losses we would incur if we developed our business more slowly. Further, we base our expenses in large part on our operating plans and future revenue projections. Many of our expenses are fixed in the short term, and we may not be able to quickly reduce spending if our revenues are lower than we project. Therefore, any significant shortfall in revenues would likely harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, we may find that these efforts
6
are more expensive than we currently anticipate, which would further increase our losses. Also, the timing of these expenses may contribute to fluctuations in our quarterly operating results.
Our quarterly operating results are volatile and may adversely affect our stock price.
Our future revenues and operating results are likely to vary significantly from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors, many of which are outside our control, and any of which could harm our business. As a result, we believe that quarterly comparisons of our operating results are not necessarily meaningful and that you should not rely on the results of one quarter as an indication of our future performance. In addition to the other risk factors described in this report, additional factors that have caused and/or could cause our quarterly operating results to fluctuate include:
If we fail to accurately forecast our expenses and revenues, our business, operating results and financial condition may suffer and the price of our stock may decline.
Our limited operating history and the rapidly evolving nature of our industry make forecasting operating results difficult. We may not be able to quickly reduce spending if our revenues are lower than we project. Therefore, any significant shortfall in revenues would likely harm our business, operating results and financial condition and cause our results of operation to fall below the expectations of public market analysts and investors. If this occurs, the price of our common stock may decline.
We have grown quickly and if we fail to manage our growth, our business will suffer.
We have rapidly and significantly expanded our operations, and anticipate that further significant expansion will be required to address potential growth in our customer base and market opportunities. This expansion has placed, and is expected to continue to place, a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources. Some of our officers have no prior senior management experience at public companies. Our new employees include a number of key managerial, technical and operations personnel who have not yet been fully integrated into our operations, and we expect to add additional key personnel in the near future. To manage the expected growth of our operations and personnel, we will be required to improve existing and implement new transaction-processing, operational and financial systems, procedures and controls, and to expand, train and
7
manage our already growing employee base. If we are unable to manage growth effectively, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations will be harmed.
In order to obtain future revenue growth and achieve and sustain profitability we will have to attract customers on cost-effective terms.
Our success depends on our ability to attract customers on cost-effective terms. We have relationships with online services, search engines, directories and other Websites and e-commerce businesses to provide content, advertising banners and other links that direct customers to our Websites. We rely on these relationships as significant sources of traffic to our Websites and to generate new customers. If we are unable to develop or maintain these relationships on acceptable terms, our ability to attract new customers and our financial condition could be harmed. In addition, certain of our online marketing agreements may require us to pay upfront fees and make other payments prior to the realization of the sales, if any, associated with those payments. Accordingly, if these agreements or similar agreements that we may enter into in the future fail to produce the sales that we anticipate, our results of operations will be adversely affected. We cannot assure you that we will be able to increase our revenues, if at all, in a cost-effective manner. We have also begun national television and radio branding and advertising campaigns. Such campaigns are expensive and may not result in the cost effective acquisition of customers.
Further, many of the parties with which we may have online-advertising arrangements could provide advertising services for other online or traditional retailers and merchandise liquidators. As a result, these parties may be reluctant to enter into or maintain relationships with us. Failure to achieve sufficient traffic or generate sufficient revenue from purchases originating from third parties may result in termination of these relationships by these third parties. Without these relationships, our revenues, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations could suffer.
The loss of key personnel or any inability to attract and retain additional personnel could affect our ability to successfully grow our business.
Our performance is substantially dependent on the continued services and on the performance of our senior management and other key personnel, particularly Patrick M. Byrne, our President and Chairman of the Board. Our performance also depends on our ability to retain and motivate other officers and key employees. The loss of the services of any of our executive officers or other key employees for any unforeseen reason, including without limitation, illness or call to military service, could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. We do not have employment agreements with any of our key personnel and we do not maintain "key person" life insurance policies. Our future success also depends on our ability to identify, attract, hire, train, retain and motivate other highly-skilled technical, managerial, editorial, merchandising, marketing and customer service personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully attract, assimilate or retain sufficiently qualified personnel. During 2003 individuals serving as our president and chief financial officer, our chief operating officer and our chief technology officer each stepped down from those positions for unrelated reasons. Each of these three individuals remained an employee of the Company, and each continues to serve the Company at present. Our failure to retain and attract the necessary technical, managerial, editorial, merchandising, marketing and customer service personnel could harm our revenues, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
Our operating results may fluctuate depending on the season, and such fluctuations may affect our stock price.
We have experienced and expect to continue to experience fluctuations in our operating results because of seasonal fluctuations in traditional retail patterns. Sales in the retail and wholesale industry
8
tend to be significantly higher in the fourth calendar quarter of each year than in the preceding three quarters due primarily to increased shopping activity during the holiday season. However, there can be no assurance that our sales in the fourth quarter will exceed those of the preceding quarters or, if the fourth quarter sales do exceed those of the preceding quarters, that we will be able to manage the increased sales effectively. Further, we may increase our inventories substantially in anticipation of holiday season shopping activity, which may have a negative effect on our cash flow. Securities analysts and investors may inaccurately estimate the effects of seasonality on our results of operations in one or more future quarters and, consequently, our operating results may fall below expectations, causing our stock price to decline.
We depend on our relationships with third party fulfillment partners for a large portion of the products that we offer for sale on our Websites. If we fail to maintain these relationships, our business will suffer.
During 2003, we had fulfillment partner relationships with approximately 250 third parties whose products we offer for sale on our Websites. At December 31, 2003, these products accounted for approximately 53% of the non-BMV products available on our Websites. We do not have any long-term agreements with any of these third parties. Our agreements with third parties are terminable at will by either party immediately upon notice. In general, we agree to offer the third parties' products on our Websites and these third parties agree to provide us with information about their products, honor our customer service policies and ship the products directly to the customer. If we do not maintain our existing or build new relationships with third parties on acceptable commercial terms, we may not be able to offer a broad selection of merchandise, and customers may refuse to shop at our Websites. In addition, manufacturers may decide not to offer particular products for sale on the Internet. If we are unable to maintain our existing or build new fulfillment partner relationships or if other product manufacturers refuse to allow their products to be sold via the Internet, our business would suffer severely.
We are partially dependent on third parties to fulfill a number of our fulfillment, distribution and other retail functions. If such parties are unwilling or unable to continue providing these services, our business could be seriously harmed.
In our fulfillment partner business, although we now handle returned merchandise, we continue to rely on third parties to conduct a number of other traditional retail operations with respect to their respective products that we offer for sale on our Websites, including maintaining inventory, preparing merchandise for shipment to individual customers and timely distribution of purchased merchandise. We have no effective means to ensure that these third parties will continue to perform these services to our satisfaction or on commercially reasonable terms. In addition, because we do not take possession of these third parties' products, we are unable to fulfill these traditional retail operations ourselves. Our customers could become dissatisfied and cancel their orders or decline to make future purchases if these third parties are unable to deliver products on a timely basis. If our customers become dissatisfied with the services provided by these third parties, our reputation and the Overstock brand could suffer.
We rely on our relationships with manufacturers, retailers and other suppliers to obtain sufficient quantities of quality merchandise on acceptable terms. If we fail to maintain our supplier relationships on acceptable terms, our sales and profitability could suffer.
To date, we have not entered into contracts with manufacturers or liquidation wholesalers that guarantee the availability of merchandise for a set duration. Our contracts or arrangements with suppliers do not provide for the continuation of particular pricing practices and may be terminated by either party at any time. Our current suppliers may not continue to sell their excess inventory to us on
9
current terms or at all, and we may not be able to establish new supply relationships. For example, it is difficult for us to maintain high levels of product quality and selection because none of the manufacturers, suppliers and liquidation wholesalers from whom we purchase products on a purchase order by purchase order basis have a continuing obligation to provide us with merchandise at historical levels or at all. In most cases, our relationships with our suppliers do not restrict the suppliers from selling their respective excess inventory to other traditional or online merchandise liquidators, which could in turn limit the selection of products available on our Websites. If we are unable to develop and maintain relationships with suppliers that will allow us to obtain sufficient quantities of merchandise on acceptable commercial terms, such inability could harm our business, results of operation and financial condition.
Our business may be harmed by the listing or sale of pirated, counterfeit or illegal items by third parties, and by intellectual property litigation.
We have received in the past, and we anticipate we will receive in the future, communications alleging that certain items listed or sold through our Websites infringe third-party copyrights, trademarks and trade names or other intellectual property rights or that we have otherwise infringed third parties' past, current or future intellectual property rights. For example, in October 2003, Tiffany (NJ) Inc. and Tiffany and Company filed a complaint against us in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging that we have distributed counterfeit and otherwise unauthorized Tiffany product in violation of federal copyright and trademark law and related state laws. The complaint seeks statutory and other damages in an unspecified amount and injunctive relief. Although we have filed an answer and believe we have defenses to the allegations and intend to pursue them vigorously, the Tiffany lawsuit is in the early stages of discovery, and we do not have sufficient information to assess the validity of the claims or the amount of potential damages.
We may be unable to prevent third parties from listing unlawful goods, and we may be subject to allegations of civil or criminal liability for unlawful activities carried out by third parties through our Websites. In the future, we may implement measures to protect against these potential liabilities that could require us to spend substantial resources and/or to reduce revenues by discontinuing certain service offerings. Any costs incurred as a result of liability or asserted liability relating to the sale of unlawful goods or the unlawful sale of goods could harm our revenues, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
Resolving litigation or claims regarding patents or other intellectual property, whether meritorious or not, could be costly, time-consuming, cause service delays, divert our management and key personnel from our business operations, require expensive or unwanted changes in our methods of doing business or require us to enter into costly royalty or licensing agreements, if available. As a result, these claims could harm our business.
Our business may be harmed by fraudulent activities on our Websites.
We have received in the past, and anticipate that we will receive in the future, communications from customers who did not receive goods that they purchased. We also periodically receive complaints from our customers as to the quality of the goods purchased and services rendered. Negative publicity generated as a result of fraudulent or deceptive conduct by third parties could damage our reputation, harm our business and diminish the value of our brand name. We expect to continue to receive from customers requests for reimbursement or threats of legal action against us if no reimbursement is made.
10
We depend upon third-party delivery services to deliver our products to our customers on a timely and consistent basis. A deterioration in our relationship with any one of these third parties could decrease our ability to track shipments, cause shipment delays, and increase our shipping costs and the number of damaged products.
We rely upon multiple third parties for the shipment of our products. Because we do not have a written long-term agreement with any of these third parties, we cannot be sure that these relationships will continue on terms favorable to us, if at all. Unexpected increases in shipping costs or delivery times, particularly during the holiday season, could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. If our relationships with these third parties are terminated or impaired or if these third parties are unable to deliver products for us, whether through labor shortage, slow down or stoppage, deteriorating financial or business condition, responses to terrorist attacks or for any other reason, we would be required to use alternative carriers for the shipment of products to our customers. We may be unable to engage alternative carriers on a timely basis or upon terms favorable to us. Changing carriers would likely have a negative effect on our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition. Potential adverse consequences include:
Our operating results depend on our Websites, network infrastructure and transaction-processing systems. Capacity constraints or system failures would harm our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.
Any system interruptions that result in the unavailability of our Websites or reduced performance of our transaction systems would reduce our transaction volume and the attractiveness of the services that we provide to suppliers and third parties and would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
We use internally developed systems for our Websites and certain aspects of transaction processing, including customer profiling and order verifications. We have experienced periodic systems interruptions due to server failure, which we believe will continue to occur from time to time. If the volume of traffic on our Websites or the number of purchases made by customers substantially increases, we will need to further expand and upgrade our technology, transaction processing systems and network infrastructure. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience temporary capacity constraints due to sharply increased traffic during sales or other promotions and during the holiday shopping season. Capacity constraints can cause unanticipated system disruptions, slower response times, degradation in levels of customer service, impaired quality and delays in reporting accurate financial information.
Our transaction processing systems and network infrastructure may be unable to accommodate increases in traffic in the future. We may be unable to project accurately the rate or timing of traffic increases or successfully upgrade our systems and infrastructure to accommodate future traffic levels on our Websites. In addition, we may be unable to upgrade and expand our transaction processing systems in an effective and timely manner or to integrate any newly developed or purchased functionality with our existing systems. Any inability to do so may cause unanticipated system disruptions, slower response times, degradation in levels of customer service, impaired quality and speed of order fulfillment or delays in reporting accurate financial information.
11
We may be unable to manage expansion into new business areas which could harm our business operations and reputation.
Our long-term strategic plan involves expansion of our operations in the B2B merchandise liquidation market, entering into agreements to provide products and services to retail chains and other businesses, and possible expansion into additional markets. We cannot assure you that our efforts to expand our business in this manner will succeed or that we will be successful in managing agreements to provide products and services to retail chains and other businesses. To date, we have expended significant financial and management resources developing our B2B operations. Our failure to succeed in this market or other markets may harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operation. The exclusivity provisions of our Safeway agreement prevent us from providing similar products to stores having greater than 400 stores in the drug, mass merchandising, grocery, club or warehouse store categories, which may adversely affect our ability to grow and expand our B2B business. The Safeway agreement expires on February 26, 2004, and we do not intend to renew it. We may choose to expand our operations by developing new Websites, promoting new or complementary products or sales formats, such as our recent addition of travel product offerings, expanding the breadth and depth of products and services offered or expanding our market presence through relationships with third parties. In addition, we may pursue the acquisition of new or complementary businesses or technologies, although we have no present understandings, commitments or agreements with respect to any material acquisitions or investments. We cannot assure you that we would be able to expand our efforts and operations in a cost-effective or timely manner or that any such efforts would increase overall market acceptance. Furthermore, any new business or Website we launch that is not favorably received by consumers could damage our reputation or the Overstock brand. We may expand the number of categories of products we carry on our Websites, and these and any other expansions of our operations would also require significant additional expenses and development and would strain our management, financial and operational resources. The lack of market acceptance of such efforts or our inability to generate satisfactory revenues from such expanded services or products to offset their cost could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to compete successfully against existing or future competitors.
The online liquidation services market is new, rapidly evolving and intensely competitive. Barriers to entry are minimal, and current and new competitors can launch new Websites at a relatively low cost. Our consumer Website currently competes with:
Our B2B Website competes with liquidation "brokers" and retailers and online marketplaces such as eBay, Inc.
We expect the online liquidation services market to become even more competitive as traditional liquidators and online retailers continue to develop services that compete with our services. In addition, manufacturers and retailers may decide to create their own Websites to sell their own excess inventory and the excess inventory of third parties. Competitive pressures created by any one of our competitors, or by our competitors collectively, could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
Further, as a strategic response to changes in the competitive environment, we may from time to time make certain pricing, service or marketing decisions or acquisitions that could harm our business,
12
prospects, financial condition and results of operations. For example, to the extent that we enter new lines of businesses such as third-party logistics, online auction services or discount brick and mortar retail, we would be competing with large established businesses such as APL Logistics, Ltd., eBay, Inc., Ross Stores, Inc. and TJX Companies, Inc., respectively.
Many of our current and potential competitors described above have longer operating histories, larger customer bases, greater brand recognition and significantly greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do. In addition, online retailers and liquidation e-tailers may be acquired by, receive investments from or enter into other commercial relationships with larger, well-established and well-financed companies. Some of our competitors may be able to secure merchandise from manufacturers on more favorable terms, devote greater resources to marketing and promotional campaigns, adopt more aggressive pricing or inventory availability policies and devote substantially more resources to Website and systems development than we do. Increased competition may result in reduced operating margins, loss of market share and a diminished brand franchise. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors.
A significant number of merchandise returns could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We allow our customers to return products and, beginning July 1, 2003, we started accepting returns of products sold through our fulfillment partners. Our ability to handle a large volume of returns is unproven. In addition, any policies intended to reduce the number of product returns may result in customer dissatisfaction and fewer return customers. If merchandise returns are significant, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
If the products that we offer on our Websites do not reflect our customers' tastes and preferences, our sales and profit margins would decrease.
Our success depends in part on our ability to offer products that reflect consumers' tastes and preferences. Consumers' tastes are subject to frequent, significant and sometimes unpredictable changes. Because the products that we sell typically consist of manufacturers' and retailers' excess inventory, we have limited control over the specific products that we are able to offer for sale. If our merchandise fails to satisfy customers' tastes or respond to changes in customer preferences, our sales could suffer and we could be required to mark down unsold inventory which would depress our profit margins. In addition, any failure to offer products in line with customers' preferences could allow our competitors to gain market share. This could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
If the single facility where substantially all of our computer and communications hardware is located fails, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be harmed.
Our success, and, in particular, our ability to successfully receive and fulfill orders and provide high-quality customer service, largely depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our computer and communications hardware systems. Substantially all of our computer and communications hardware is located at a single leased facility in Salt Lake City, Utah. Our systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, terrorist attacks, acts of war, break-ins, earthquake and similar events. We do not presently have redundant systems in multiple locations or a formal disaster recovery plan and our business interruption insurance may be insufficient to compensate us for losses that may occur. Despite the implementation of network security measures, our servers are vulnerable to computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins and similar disruptions, which could lead to interruptions, delays, loss of critical data or the inability to accept and fulfill customer orders. The occurrence of any of the foregoing risks could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
13
We may be unable to protect our proprietary technology or keep up with that of our competitors.
Our success depends to a significant degree upon the protection of our software and other proprietary intellectual property rights. We may be unable to deter misappropriation of our proprietary information, detect unauthorized use and take appropriate steps to enforce our intellectual property rights. In addition, our competitors could, without violating our proprietary rights, develop technologies that are as good as or better than our technology.
Our failure to protect our software and other proprietary intellectual property rights or to develop technologies that are as good as our competitors' could put us at a disadvantage to our competitors. In addition, the failure of the third parties whose products we offer for sale on our Websites to protect their intellectual property rights, including their domain names, could impair our operations. These failures could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
If we do not respond to rapid technological changes, our services could become obsolete and we could lose customers.
To remain competitive, we must continue to enhance and improve the functionality and features of our e-commerce businesses. We may face material delays in introducing new services, products and enhancements. If this happens, our customers may forgo the use of our Websites and use those of our competitors. The Internet and the online commerce industry are rapidly changing. If competitors introduce new products and services using new technologies or if new industry standards and practices emerge, our existing Websites and our proprietary technology and systems may become obsolete. Our failure to respond to technological change or to adequately maintain, upgrade and develop our computer network and the systems used to process customers' orders and payments could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
Issuances of our securities are subject to federal and state securities laws, and certain holders of common stock issued by us may be entitled to rescind their purchases.
Issuances of securities are subject to federal and state securities laws. From November 1999 through September 2000, we offered and sold common stock to investors in various states. Certain of those offerings may not have complied with various requirements of applicable state securities laws. In such situations a number of remedies may be available to regulatory authorities and the investors who purchased common stock in those offerings, including, without limitation, a right of rescission, civil penalties, seizure of our assets, a restraining order or injunction, and a court order to pay restitution and costs. As a result, certain investors in our common stock may be entitled to return their shares to Overstock and receive from us the full price they paid, plus interest, which we estimate to be an aggregate amount of approximately $3.0 million at December 31, 2003.
We face risks relating to our inventory.
We directly purchase some of the merchandise that we sell on our Websites. We assume the inventory damage, theft and obsolescence risks, as well as price erosion risks for products that we purchase directly. These risks are especially significant because some of the merchandise we sell on our Websites are characterized by rapid technological change, obsolescence and price erosion (for example, computer hardware, software and consumer electronics), and because we sometimes make large purchases of particular types of inventory. In addition, we often do not receive warranties on the merchandise we purchase. Further, beginning July 1, 2003, we started accepting returns of products sold through our fulfillment partners, and we have the risk of reselling the returned products.
In the recent past, we have recorded charges for obsolete inventory and have had to sell certain merchandise at a discount or loss. It is impossible to determine with certainty whether an item will sell for more than the price we pay for it. Because we rely heavily on purchased inventory, our success will
14
depend on our ability to liquidate our inventory rapidly, the ability of our buying staff to purchase inventory at attractive prices relative to its resale value and our ability to manage customer returns and the shrinkage resulting from theft, loss and misrecording of inventory. If we are unsuccessful in any of these areas, we may be forced to sell our inventory at a discount or loss.
We may be liable if third parties misappropriate our customers' personal information.
If third parties are able to penetrate our network security or otherwise misappropriate our customers' personal information or credit card information, or if we give third parties improper access to our customers' personal information or credit card information, we could be subject to liability. This liability could include claims for unauthorized purchases with credit card information, impersonation or other similar fraud claims. This liability could also include claims for other misuses of personal information, including unauthorized marketing purposes. These claims could result in litigation. Liability for misappropriation of this information could adversely affect our business. In addition, the Federal Trade Commission and state agencies have been investigating various Internet companies regarding their use of personal information. We could incur additional expenses if new regulations regarding the use of personal information are introduced or if government agencies investigate our privacy practices.
We rely on encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties to provide the security and authentication necessary to effect secure transmission of confidential information such as customer credit card numbers. We cannot assure you that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other events or developments will not result in a compromise or breach of the algorithms that we use to protect customer transaction data. If any such compromise of our security were to occur, it could harm our reputation, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. A party who is able to circumvent our security measures could misappropriate proprietary information or cause interruptions in our operations. We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against such security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by such breaches. We cannot assure you that our security measures will prevent security breaches or that failure to prevent such security breaches will not harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
We may expand our international business, causing our business to become increasingly susceptible to numerous international business risks and challenges that could affect our profitability.
We have begun to expand into international markets, and in the future we may do so more aggressively. International sales and transactions are subject to inherent risks and challenges that could adversely affect our profitability, including:
To the extent we generate international sales and transactions in the future, any negative impact on our international operations could negatively impact our business. In particular, gains and losses on the
15
conversion of foreign payments into United States dollars may contribute to fluctuations in our results of operations and fluctuating exchange rates could cause reduced gross revenues and/or gross margins from non-dollar-denominated international sales.
We may be subject to product liability claims that could be costly and time consuming.
We sell products manufactured by third parties, some of which may be defective. If any product that we sell were to cause physical injury or injury to property, the injured party or parties could bring claims against us as the retailer of the product. Our insurance coverage may not be adequate to cover every claim that could be asserted. If a successful claim were brought against us in excess of our insurance coverage, it could adversely affect our business. Even unsuccessful claims could result in the expenditure of funds and management time and could have a negative impact on our business.
We may not be able to obtain trademark protection for our marks, which could impede our efforts to build brand identity.
We have filed trademark applications with the Patent and Trademark Office seeking registration of certain service marks or trademarks. There can be no assurance that our applications will be successful or that we will be able to secure significant protection for our service marks or trademarks. Our competitors or others could adopt product or service marks similar to our marks, or try to prevent us from using our marks, thereby impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to customer confusion. Any claim by another party against us or customer confusion related to our trademarks, or our failure to obtain trademark registration, could negatively affect our business.
Risks Relating to the Internet Industry
Our success is tied to the continued use of the Internet and the adequacy of the Internet infrastructure.
Our future revenues and profits, if any, substantially depend upon the continued widespread use of the Internet as an effective medium of business and communication. Factors which could reduce the widespread use of the Internet include:
Customers may be unwilling to use the Internet to purchase goods.
Our long-term future depends heavily upon the general public's willingness to use the Internet as a means to purchase goods. E-commerce remains a relatively new concept, and large numbers of customers may not begin or continue to use the Internet to purchase goods. The demand for and acceptance of products sold over the Internet are highly uncertain, and most e-commerce businesses have a short track record. If consumers are unwilling to use the Internet to conduct business, our business may not develop profitably.
The security risks of e-commerce may discourage customers from purchasing goods from us.
In order for the e-commerce market to develop successfully, we and other market participants must be able to transmit confidential information securely over public networks. Third parties may have the technology or know-how to breach the security of customer transaction data. Any breach could cause customers to lose confidence in the security of our Websites and choose not to purchase from
16
our Websites. If someone is able to circumvent our security measures, he or she could destroy or steal valuable information or disrupt our operations. Concerns about the security and privacy of transactions over the Internet could inhibit the growth of the Internet and e-commerce. Our security measures may not effectively prohibit others from obtaining improper access to our information. Third parties may target our customers directly with fraudulent identity theft schemes designed to appear as legitimate communications from us. Any security breach or fraud perpetrated on our customers could expose us to increased costs and to risks of loss, litigation and liability and could seriously disrupt our operations.
Credit card fraud could adversely affect our business.
We do not carry insurance against the risk of credit card fraud, so the failure to adequately control fraudulent credit card transactions could reduce our net revenues and our gross margin. We have implemented technology to help us detect the fraudulent use of credit card information. However, we may in the future suffer losses as a result of orders placed with fraudulent credit card data even though the associated financial institution approved payment of the orders. Under current credit card practices, we may be liable for fraudulent credit card transactions because we do not obtain a cardholder's signature. If we are unable to detect or control credit card fraud, our liability for these transactions could harm our business, results of operation or financial condition.
If one or more states successfully assert that we should collect sales or other taxes on the sale of our merchandise or the merchandise of third parties that we offer for sale on our Websites, our business could be harmed.
We do not currently collect sales or other similar taxes for physical shipments of goods into states other than Utah. One or more local, state or foreign jurisdictions may seek to impose sales tax collection obligations on us and other out-of-state companies that engage in online commerce. Our business could be adversely affected if one or more states or any foreign country successfully asserts that we should collect sales or other taxes on the sale of our merchandise.
Existing or future government regulation could harm our business.
We are subject to the same federal, state and local laws as other companies conducting business on the Internet. Today there are relatively few laws specifically directed towards conducting business on the Internet. However, due to the increasing popularity and use of the Internet, many laws and regulations relating to the Internet are being debated at the state and federal levels. These laws and regulations could cover issues such as user privacy, freedom of expression, pricing, fraud, quality of products and services, taxation, advertising, intellectual property rights and information security. Applicability to the Internet of existing laws governing issues such as property ownership, copyrights and other intellectual property issues, taxation, libel, obscenity and personal privacy could also harm our business. For example, United States and foreign laws regulate our ability to use customer information and to develop, buy and sell mailing lists. The vast majority of these laws were adopted prior to the advent of the Internet, and do not contemplate or address the unique issues raised thereby. Those laws that do reference the Internet, such as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003, are only beginning to be interpreted by the courts and their applicability and reach are therefore uncertain. These current and future laws and regulations could harm our business, results of operation and financial condition.
Laws or regulations relating to privacy and data protection may adversely affect the growth of our Internet business or our marketing efforts.
We are subject to increasing regulation at the federal, state and international levels relating to privacy and the use of personal user information. For example, we are subject to various telemarketing laws that regulate the manner in which we may solicit future suppliers and customers. Such regulations,
17
along with increased governmental or private enforcement, may increase the cost of growing our business. In addition, several states have proposed legislation that would limit the uses of personal user information gathered online or require online services to establish privacy policies. The Federal Trade Commission has adopted regulations regarding the collection and use of personal identifying information obtained from children under 13. Bills proposed in Congress would extend online privacy protections to adults. Moreover, proposed legislation in this country and existing laws in foreign countries require companies to establish procedures to notify users of privacy and security policies, obtain consent from users for collection and use of personal information, and/or provide users with the ability to access, correct and delete personal information stored by us. We could become a party to a similar enforcement proceeding. These data protection regulations and enforcement efforts may restrict our ability to collect demographic and personal information from users, which could be costly or harm our marketing efforts.
Risks Relating to the Securities Markets and Ownership of Our Common Stock
Our stock price may be volatile and you may lose all or a part of your investment.
Our common stock has been publicly traded only since May 30, 2002. The market price of our common stock has been subject to significant fluctuations since the date of our initial public offering. These fluctuations could continue. It is possible that in some future periods our results of operations may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors. If this occurs, our stock price may decline. Among the factors that could affect our stock price are as follows:
In addition, the stock markets have experienced significant price and trading volume fluctuations. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a public company's securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against that company. Such litigation could result in substantial cost and a diversion of management's attention and resources.
We do not intend to pay dividends on our non-redeemable common stock, and you may lose the entire amount of your investment.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our non-redeemable common stock and do not intend to pay dividends on our non-redeemable common stock for the foreseeable future. We intend to invest our future earnings, if any, to fund our growth. Therefore, you will not receive any funds without selling your shares. We cannot assure that you will receive a positive return on your investment when you sell your shares or that you will not lose the entire amount of your investment.
18
Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Bylaws and the Delaware General Corporation Law contain anti-takeover provisions which could discourage or prevent a takeover, even if an acquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders.
Several provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws could discourage potential acquisition proposals and could delay or prevent a change in control of our company even if that change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders. For example, only one-third of our board of directors will be elected at each of our annual meetings of stockholders, which will make it more difficult for a potential acquirer to change the management of our company, even after acquiring a majority of the shares of our common stock. These provisions, which cannot be amended without the approval of two-thirds of our stockholders, could diminish the opportunities for a stockholder to participate in tender offers, including tender offers at a price above the then current market value of our common stock. In addition, our board of directors, without further stockholder approval, may issue preferred stock, with such terms as the board of directors may determine, that could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company. The issuance of preferred stock could also adversely affect the voting powers of the holders of common stock, including the loss of voting control to others. We are also afforded the protections of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which could delay or prevent a change in control of our company or could impede a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving our company or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company.
19
This prospectus includes or incorporates by reference forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. The words "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "will," "may," "intend" and "expect" and similar expressions generally identify forward-looking statements. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot be sure that they will be achieved. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements are set forth in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in this prospectus, in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in supplements to this prospectus, and in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus. These factors are not intended to represent a complete list of the general or specific factors that may affect us. It should be recognized that other factors, including general economic factors and business strategies, may be significant, now or in the future, and the factors set forth in this prospectus may affect us to a greater extent than indicated. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements set forth in or incorporated into this prospectus. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, the net proceeds from the sale of common stock offered by this prospectus will be used for general corporate purposes and working capital, including sales and marketing activities and inventory purchases. In addition, we may use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire complementary technologies or businesses. However, we currently have no commitments or agreements and are not involved in any negotiations with respect to any such transactions.
The amounts we actually expend for working capital and other general corporate purposes will vary significantly depending on a number of factors, including future revenue growth, if any, and the amount of cash that we generate from operations. As a result, we will retain broad discretion over the allocation of the net proceeds of this offering. Pending the uses listed above, we intend to invest the net proceeds of this offering in short-term, interest-bearing, investment-grade securities. We cannot predict whether the proceeds invested will yield a favorable return.
We may sell the common stock from time to time in one or more transactions:
We may sell the securities at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices relating to the prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. The distribution of the securities may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions, by means of one or more of the following transactions, which may include:
20
We may determine the price or other terms of the securities offered in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement by use of an electronic auction. We will describe how any auction will determine the price or any other terms, how potential investors may participate in the auction and the nature of the obligations of the underwriter, dealer or agent in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Each time we offer securities pursuant to this prospectus, the prospectus supplement, if required, will set forth:
Underwriters, dealers or agents may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from us or from our purchasers (as their agents in connection with the sale of securities). The compensation received may be in excess of customary discounts, concessions or commissions. Any underwriters, dealers, agents or other purchasers participating in the distribution of the securities may be considered "underwriters" under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. As a result, discounts, commissions, or profits on resale received by them on the sale of the securities may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions.
Underwriters, dealers and agents may be entitled, under agreements entered into with us, to indemnification by us against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or to contribution with respect to payments made by the underwriters, dealers or agents, under agreements between us and the underwriters, dealers and agents.
We may grant underwriters who participate in the distribution of securities an option to purchase additional securities to cover over-allotments, if any, in connection with the distribution. Underwriters or agents and their associates may be customers of, engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.
If underwriters or dealers are used in the sale, the securities will be acquired by the underwriters or dealers for their own account and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions, at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, or at prices relating to such prevailing market prices, or at negotiated prices. The securities may be offered to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more of such firms. Unless otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters or dealers to purchase the securities offered will be subject to certain conditions precedent and the underwriters or dealers will be obligated to purchase all the offered securities if any are purchased.
The securities may be sold directly by us or through agents designated by us from time to time. Any agent involved in the offer or sale of the securities in respect of which this prospectus is delivered
21
will be named in the prospectus supplement. Unless otherwise indicated, any such agent will be acting on a best efforts only basis for the period of its appointment.
To the extent that we make sales to or through one or more underwriters or agents in at-the-market offerings, we will do so pursuant to the terms of a distribution agreement between us and the underwriters or agents. If we engage in at-the-market sales pursuant to a distribution agreement, we will issue and sell shares of our common stock to or through one or more underwriters or agents, which may act on an agency basis or on a principal basis. During the term of any such agreement, we may sell shares on a daily basis in exchange transactions or otherwise as we agree with the underwriters or agents. The distribution agreement will provide that any shares of our common stock sold will be sold at prices related to the then prevailing market prices for our common stock. Therefore, exact figures regarding proceeds that will be raised or commissions that will be paid cannot be determined at this time and we will describe them in a prospectus supplement. Pursuant to the terms of the distribution agreement, we also may agree to sell, and the relevant underwriters or agents may agree to solicit offers to purchase, blocks of our common stock or other securities. The terms of each such distribution agreement will be set forth in more detail in a prospectus supplement to this prospectus. In the event that any underwriter or agent acts as principal, or broker-dealer acts as underwriter, it may engage in certain transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our securities.
In connection with the offering of the securities, certain underwriters and selling group members and their respective affiliates, may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the applicable securities. These transactions may include stabilization transactions effected in accordance with Rule 104 of Regulation M promulgated by the SEC pursuant to which these persons may bid for or purchase securities for the purpose of stabilizing their market price.
The underwriters in an offering of securities may also create a "short position" for their account by selling more securities in connection with the offering than they are committed to purchase from us. In that case, the underwriters could cover all or a portion of the short position by either purchasing securities in the open market following completion of the offering of these securities or by exercising any over-allotment option granted to them by us. In addition, any managing underwriter may impose "penalty bids" under contractual arrangements with other underwriters, which means that they can reclaim from an underwriter (or any selling group member participating in the offering) for the account of the other underwriters, the selling concession for the securities that are distributed in the offering but subsequently purchased for the account of the underwriters in the open market. Any of the transactions described in this paragraph or comparable transactions that are described in any accompanying prospectus supplement may result in the maintenance of the price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. None of the transactions described in this paragraph or in an accompanying prospectus supplement are required to be taken by any underwriters and, if they are undertaken, may be discontinued at any time.
If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will authorize underwriters, dealers or agents to solicit offers by institutional investors to purchase securities from us pursuant to contracts providing for payment and delivery at a future date. In all cases, these purchasers must be approved by us. Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, the obligations of any purchaser under any of these contracts will not be subject to any conditions, except that the purchase of the securities must not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of any jurisdiction to which that purchaser is subject and if securities also are being sold to underwriters, we must have sold to these underwriters the securities not subject to delayed delivery. Underwriters and other agents will not have any responsibility in respect of the validity or performance of these contracts.
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "OSTK." Any shares of common stock sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement will be listed on the Nasdaq National Market, subject to official notice of issuance. Any underwriters or agents to or through which we may sell securities may make a market in the securities, but these underwriters or agents will not be
22
obligated to do so and any of them may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot, therefore, give any assurance as to the liquidity of our trading market for any securities that we may sell.
Under the securities laws of some states, the securities registered by the registration statement that includes this prospectus may be sold in those states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers.
Any person participating in the distribution of the securities registered under the registration statement that includes this prospectus will be subject to applicable provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC, including, among others, Regulation M noted above, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the securities by any such person. Furthermore, Regulation M may restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of the securities to engage in market-making activities with respect to the securities. These restrictions may affect the marketability of the securities and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to the securities.
The validity of the common stock being offered hereby is being passed upon for us by Bracewell & Patterson, L.L.P., Austin, Texas. Any underwriters will be represented by their own legal counsel.
The consolidated financial statements of Overstock.com, Inc. incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
DISCLOSURE OF SEC POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION
FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES
We are organized under the laws of the State of Delaware. Our Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and bylaws, as amended, eliminate the personal liability of our directors to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law. In addition, our Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and bylaws, as amended, provide indemnity for our current or former officers and directors against all liabilities and costs of defending an action or suit in which they were involved by reason of their positions with us. However, we cannot indemnify any person if a court finds that the person did not act in good faith. Our bylaws, as amended, also provide that we may purchase insurance to protect any director, officer, employee or agent against any liability. We have entered into separate indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers, whereby we have agreed, among other things, to indemnify them to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, subject to specified limitations, against certain liabilities actually incurred by them in any proceeding in which they are a party that may arise by reason of their status as directors, officers, employees or agents or may arise by reason of their serving as such at our request for another entity and to advance their expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified. We intend to enter into similar separate indemnification agreements with any directors or officers who may join us in the future. There is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors, officers, employees or other agents as to which indemnification is being sought nor are we aware of any pending or threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed
23
that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act, and is therefore unenforceable.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file at the SEC's public reference room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C., 20549, and at the SEC's Public Reference Rooms in Chicago, Illinois and New York, New York. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information concerning the Public Reference Rooms. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statement and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that site is http://www.sec.gov. Additionally, we make these filings available, free of charge, on www.overstock.com as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC. The information on the website listed above, other than these filings, is not, and should not be, considered part of this prospectus and is not incorporated by reference to in this document.
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the securities offered in connection with this prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement. We have omitted certain parts of the registration statement in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information with respect to us and the securities we may offer, you should refer to the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document are not necessarily complete and, in each instance, you should refer to the copy of such contract or document filed as an exhibit to or incorporated by reference in the registration statement. Each statement as to the contents of such contract or document is qualified in all respects by such reference. You may obtain copies of the registration statement from the SEC's principal office in Washington, D.C. upon payment of the fees prescribed by the SEC, or you may examine the registration statement without charge at the offices of the SEC described above.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to "incorporate by reference" the information we file with them, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings we will make with the SEC prior to the termination of the offering under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:
The reports and other documents that we file after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of this offering shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus and will update, supplement and supersede the information in this prospectus. We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner to whom a prospectus is delivered, a copy of any or all of the information that has been incorporated by reference in the prospectus but not delivered with the prospectus. We will provide this information upon written or oral request at no cost to the requester. You may request a copy of any of this information by writing us at the following address: Overstock.com, Inc. 6322 South 3000 East, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, Utah 84121, Attention: Investor Relations; or by calling our Investor Relations Department at telephone number (801) 947-3100.
24
1,200,000 Shares
Common Stock
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
November 17, 2004
Sole Book-Running Manager
LEHMAN BROTHERS
PIPER JAFFRAY
LEGG MASON WOOD WALKER
Incorporated
WR HAMBRECHT + CO