UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

_____________________________

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2016 

Commission file number 0-11330

 ____________________________

Paychex, Inc.

911 Panorama Trail South

Rochester, New York 14625-2396

(585) 385-6666

A Delaware Corporation

IRS Employer Identification Number: 16-1124166

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes ☑    No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes ☐    No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes ☑    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes ☑    No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10‑K.    ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes ☐    No ☑

As of November 30, 2015 the last business day of the most recently completed second fiscal quarter, shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant had an aggregate market value of $17,491,967,248 based on the closing price reported for such date on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.

As of June 30, 2016, 360,532,001 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $.01 par value, were outstanding.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be issued in connection with its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on or about October 12, 2016, to the extent not set forth herein, are incorporated by reference into Part III, Items 10 through 14, inclusive. 



 

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PAYCHEX, INC.

INDEX TO FORM 10-K

For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2016 



 



 

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PART I

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS PURSUANT TO THE UNITED STATES PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995

Certain written and oral statements made by management of Paychex, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (“we,” “our,” “us,” “Paychex,” or the “Company”) may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the United States (“U.S.”) Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by such words and phrases as “we expect,” “expected to,” “estimates,” “estimated,” “current outlook,” “we look forward to,” “would equate to,” “projects,” “projections,” “projected to be,” “anticipates,” “anticipated,” “we believe,” “believe,” “could be,” and other similar phrases. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding operating performance, events, or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future, including statements relating to our outlook, revenue growth, earnings, earnings-per-share growth, or similar projections.

Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based only on our current beliefs, expectations, and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy, and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks, and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict, many of which are outside our control. Our actual results and financial conditions may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance upon any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

Any of these factors, as well as such other factors as discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and throughout Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Annual Report on Form 10‑K (“Form 10-K”), as well as in our periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC” or “Commission”), could cause our actual results to differ materially from our anticipated results. The information provided in this Form 10‑K is based upon the facts and circumstances known at this time, and any forward-looking statements made by us in this Form 10‑K speak only as of the date on which they are made. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements after the date of filing this Form 10-K with the SEC to reflect events or circumstances after such date, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

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Item 1.    Business

Incorporated in Delaware in 1979, we are a leading provider of integrated human capital management (“HCM”) solutions for payroll, human resource, retirement, and insurance services for small- to medium-sized businesses. As of May 31, 2016, we serviced approximately 605,000 payroll clients. We maintain our corporate headquarters in Rochester, New York, and serve clients throughout the U.S. and Germany.  We report our results of operations and financial condition as one business segment. Our fiscal year ends May 31st.

Company Strategy

Our mission is to be the leading provider of payroll, human resource and employee benefit services for small- to medium-sized businesses by being an essential partner with America’s businesses.  We believe that success in this mission will lead to strong, long-term financial performance.  Our strategy focuses on the following:

Services and Products

We offer a comprehensive portfolio of HCM services and products that allow our clients to meet their diverse payroll and human resource needs.  Clients can select services on an á la carte basis or as part of various product bundles.  Our payroll-related ancillary services and Human Resource Service (“HRS”) offerings often leverage the information gathered in the base payroll processing service, allowing us to provide comprehensive outsourcing services covering the HCM spectrum. We also offer professional employer organization (“PEO”) services and provide insurance offerings through the Paychex Insurance Agency, Inc. (“PIA”) that allow employers to expand their employee benefit offerings at an affordable cost. We mainly earn our revenue through recurring fees for services performed. Service revenue is primarily driven by the number of clients, checks or transactions per client per pay period, and utilization of ancillary services.

Paychex FlexSM is our proprietary HCM software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) platform through which we provide an integrated product suite that covers the employee life cycle from recruiting and hiring to retirement. Paychex Flex streamlines workforce management through innovative technology and flexible choice of service. The platform uses a single cloud-based platform, with single client and employee records, and single sign-on, including self-service options and mobility applications. The HCM product suite integrates recruiting and applicant tracking, employee onboarding, payroll, employee benefits and human resource administration, time and attendance, and retirement services. Paychex Flex also provides technology-enabled service, with options that include self-service, a 24/7 dedicated service center, individual payroll specialist, and integrated service via the multi-product service center.  In addition, large clients can utilize a relationship manager for more personalized service.  This flexible platform services our small-business clients, mid-market clients, and our PEO business.

The integration of flexible service options and leading-edge technology allows us to meet our clients' diverse needs by providing them with information and products when, where, and how they want it.  Our Paychex mobile applications add greater value and convenience for our clients and their employees by allowing them instant access and increased productivity.  Paychex Flex allows for device independence, providing a consistent experience regardless of device. Our mobile apps are available for iOS® and AndroidTM tablets and smartphones, and allow our clients and their employees to have full access to our products, offering diverse capabilities for both the employer and employee.

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Small-Business Clients

For our small-business clients, which we define as typically less than 50 employees, Paychex supports the client in reducing the complexity and risk of running their own payroll, while ensuring greater accuracy with up-to-date tax rates and regulatory information. We simplify their payroll with a combination of our dynamic products and customer service for a quick and easy pay day.  Small-business payroll is provided via our core payroll, utilizing our robust Paychex Flex processing platform, or SurePayroll®  products.  Our core payroll clients can opt for our full-service customer service model through our branch operations or use Paychex Online Payroll®, our secure Internet portal. Paychex Online Payroll offers a suite of self-service and interactive services twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Both service models offer payroll processing, employee access online, general ledger service to provide payroll information to the client’s general ledger accounting software, and access to our industry-leading, web-based report center and robust report writer. Our SurePayroll SaaS solution offers “do-it-yourself,” self-service and mobile applications for small business.

Our small-business clients also benefit from our time and attendance products, which allow them to accurately and efficiently manage the gathering and recording of employee hours worked.  Our advanced suite of time and attendance products, including web and mobile tools, can assist companies with the scheduling, tracking, and reporting of time which can be beneficial to clients in complying with overtime regulations recently enacted by the Department of Labor.  Other Paychex solutions, such as our comprehensive human resource outsourcing solutions are also available for our small-business clients.

Mid-Market Clients

Our mid-market clients are typically defined as more than 50 employees with more complex payroll and employee benefit needs.  These clients are serviced through our Paychex Flex Enterprise solution set, which offers an integrated suite of HCM solutions on the Paychex Flex platform, or through our traditional mid-market platform.  Clients using Paychex Flex Enterprise are offered a SaaS solution that integrates payroll processing with human resource management, employee benefits administration, time and labor management, applicant tracking and onboarding solutions.  Paychex Flex Enterprise allows our mid-market clients to choose the services and software they need to meet the complexity of the business and have them integrated through one HCM solution.

Mid-market clients also have the option to select from a number of á la carte payroll and human resource ancillary services and can opt for our comprehensive human resource and payroll outsourcing solutions, Paychex HR Services. This flexibility allows our clients to define the solution that best meets their particular needs.

Description of Services

Payroll processing:  For both our small-business and mid-market clients, payroll processing is the backbone of our portfolio of HCM services.  Payroll processing services include the calculation, preparation, and delivery of employee payroll checks; production of internal accounting records and management reports; preparation of payroll tax returns; and collection and remittance of clients’ payroll obligations.  Along with payroll processing, clients can also select from the following payroll-related ancillary services:

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Human Resource Services: We offer complementary services for outsourcing of various human resource functions to our payroll clients.  In addition, some of these services can be provided to clients who do not opt for payroll processing.  Our complementary services are categorized as follows:

We also offer new comprehensive solutions to help employers and employees with certain mandates under the Affordable Care Act (“ACA”), which sets forth specific coverage and reporting requirements that employers must meet.  Our Paychex Employer Shared Responsibility (“ESR”) Service is aimed at helping clients: 1) determine if the ESR provision applies to them; 2) provide ongoing ESR analysis and monitoring, along with automatic alerts, of their employees and hours worked; 3) evaluate if their health care offering meets the minimum coverage requirement; and 4) prepare end-of-year reporting.

PIA has a website, www.paychexinsurance.com, with information and interactive tools to help educate visitors on insurance and aid in making business insurance decisions.   A section on this website is designed to provide answers, information, and solutions that employers can use to prepare for and take action to comply with health care reform.

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Accounting and Financial Services:  We offer various accounting and financial services to small- to medium-sized businesses.  These services offer additional value-added benefits for small-business owners including: purchasing of accounts receivable as a means of providing funding to clients in the temporary staffing industry; a cloud-based accounting service; payment processing services; payment distribution services; and a small-business loan resource center.

Sales and Marketing

We market and sell our services primarily through our direct sales force based in the metropolitan markets we serve.  Our direct sales force includes sales representatives who have defined geographical territories and specialize within our portfolio of services. Within payroll, we differentiate the markets we serve between small-business and mid-market companies.  Our sales representatives are also supported by marketing, advertising, public relations, trade shows, and telemarketing programs.  We utilize a virtual sales force to service geographical areas where we may not have a local presence or for products for which we do not have a local sales force.  We sell HRS products to both new clients and our existing client base.

In addition to our direct selling and marketing efforts, we utilize other indirect sales channels such as our relationships with existing clients, certified public accountants (“CPAs”), and banks for new client referrals.  Approximately 50% of our new core payroll clients (excluding business acquisitions) come from these referral sources.  Our dedicated business development group drives sales through banking, national associations, and franchise channels.

We have a long-standing partnership with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“AICPA”) as the preferred payroll provider for its AICPA Business SolutionsTM Program.  More than half of the CPA firms in the U.S. are enrolled and actively participating in the Paychex Partner Program from AICPA Business Solutions.   Our current partnership agreement with the AICPA is in place through September 2021.  We also partner with various state CPA society organizations.

Our website, which is available at www.paychex.com, includes online payroll sales presentations and service and product information.  It also serves as a cost-efficient tool that serves as a source of leads and new sales, while complementing the efforts of our direct sales force. This online tool allows us to market to clients and prospective clients in other geographical areas where we do not have a direct sales presence. In addition, our insurance services website, which is available at www.paychexinsurance.com,  provides information to help small businesses navigate the insurance industry, and generates leads by allowing interested parties to get in contact with one of our professional insurance agents.

Paychex also builds on its reputation as an expert in the HCM industry by providing education and assistance to clients and other interested parties. We provide free webinars, white papers, and other information on our website to aid existing and prospective clients with the impacts of regulatory change. We track current regulatory issues that impact the small business community and provide a monthly regulatory update. Our  Paychex Accountant Knowledge Center is a free online resource available through our website that brings valuable information and time-saving online tools to accounting professionals.  The BuildMyBiz® website, which is available at www.BuildMyBiz.com, provides tools and resources for starting, growing, and managing a business.

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Markets and Competition

We remain focused on servicing small- to medium-sized businesses based upon the growth potential that we believe exists in the markets we serve. Our internal database source indicates that there are approximately 11 million addressable businesses in the geographic markets that we currently serve within the U.S. Of those businesses, approximately 99% have fewer than 100 employees and comprise our primary customers and target market. The average client size within our existing client base is approximately 16.7 employees.  We believe that there is opportunity for us in the HCM market as the demand is moving down-market to smaller businesses.

We serve a diverse base of small- to medium-sized clients operating in a broad range of industries located throughout the U.S. and in Germany.  Revenue from operations in Germany and long-lived assets in Germany are not material. We also have a joint-venture arrangement to provide payroll and human resource services in Brazil. We utilize service agreements and arrangements with clients that are generally terminable by the client at any time or upon relatively short notice. For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2016 (“fiscal 2016”), client retention was in excess of 82% of our beginning of the year client base, consistent with the prior year’s record high. No single client has a material impact on total service revenue or results of operations.

The market for HCM services is highly competitive and fragmented. We have one primary national competitor and we also compete with other national, regional, local, and online service providers, all of which we believe have significantly fewer clients than us. In addition to traditional payroll processing and human resource service providers, we compete with in-house payroll and human resource systems and departments. Payroll and human resource systems and software are sold by many vendors. HRS products also compete with a variety of providers of human resource services, such as retirement services companies, insurance companies, and human resources and benefits consulting firms.

Competition in the payroll processing and human resource services industry is primarily based on service responsiveness, product quality and reputation, including ease of use and accessibility of technology, breadth of service and product offerings, and price. We believe we are competitive in each of these areas.  We believe that our excellent customer service, together with our leading-edge technology and mobility applications, distinguishes us from our competitors.

Software Maintenance and Development

The ever-changing mandates of Federal, state, and local tax and regulatory agencies require us to regularly update our proprietary software to provide payroll and human resource services to our clients. We are continually engaged in developing enhancements to and the maintenance of our various software platforms to meet the changing requirements of our clients and the marketplace. We continue to enhance our SaaS solutions and mobility applications to offer our users an integrated and unified experience.  Continued enhancement of the client and client employee experience is important to our future success.

Employees

As of May 31, 2016, we employed approximately 13,500 people.  None of our employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements.

Intellectual Property

We own or license and use a number of trademarks, trade names, copyrights, service marks, trade secrets, computer programs and software, and other intellectual property rights. Taken as a whole, our intellectual property rights are material to the conduct of our business. Where it is determined to be appropriate, we take measures to protect our intellectual property rights, including, but not limited to, confidentiality/non-disclosure agreements or policies with employees, vendors, and others; license agreements with licensees and licensors of intellectual property; and registration of certain trademarks. We believe that the “Paychex” name, trademark, and logo are of material importance to us.

Seasonality

There is no significant seasonality to our business. However, during our third fiscal quarter, which ends in February, the number of new payroll clients, new retirement services clients, and new Paychex HR Services worksite employees tends to be higher than during the rest of the fiscal year, primarily because many new clients prefer to start using our services at the beginning of a calendar year. In addition, calendar year-end transaction processing and client funds activity are traditionally higher during our third fiscal quarter due to clients paying year-end bonuses and requesting additional year-end services. Historically, as a result of these factors, our total revenue has been slightly higher in our third fiscal quarter, with greater sales commission expenses also reported in that quarter.

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Available Information

We are subject to the informational and reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Therefore, we file periodic reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC. Such reports may be read and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. Information regarding the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (800) SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that includes our reports, proxy statements, and other information.

Our corporate website, www.paychex.com, provides materials for investors and information about our services.  Our Form 10-Ks, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and other SEC filings, as well as any amendments to such reports and filings, are made available, free of charge, on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports have been filed with or furnished to the SEC.  Also, copies of our Annual Report to Stockholders and Proxy Statement, to be issued in connection with our 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, will be made available, free of charge, upon written request submitted to Paychex, Inc., c/o Corporate Secretary, 911 Panorama Trail South, Rochester, New York 14625-2396.

 

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

Our future results of operations are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from historical and current results, and from our projections. The risk factors described below represent our current view of some of the most important risks facing our business and are important to understanding our business. The risks described below are not the only risks we face. Additional factors not presently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may adversely affect, possibly to a material extent, our business, cash flows, financial condition, or results of operations in future periods. In addition, you should refer to the description of forward-looking statements at the beginning of Part I of this Form 10-K.

Our services may be adversely impacted by changes in government regulations and policies:    Many of our services, particularly payroll tax administration services and employee benefit plan administration services, are designed according to government regulations that continually change. Changes in regulations could affect the extent and type of benefits employers are required, or may choose, to provide employees or the amount and type of taxes employers and employees are required to pay. Such changes could reduce or eliminate the need for some of our services and substantially decrease our revenue. Added requirements could also increase our cost of doing business. Failure to educate and assist our clients regarding new or revised legislation that impacts them could have an adverse impact on our reputation. Failure by us to modify our services in a timely fashion in response to regulatory changes could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Our clients and our business could be adversely impacted by health care reform:    The ACA was enacted in March 2010 and entails sweeping health care reforms with staggered effective dates from 2010 through 2018.  As a service provider, we have a responsibility to our clients to help them understand their increased obligations under the federal and state regulations facing employers under the ACA. Failure to provide clients with appropriate information or solutions to effectively manage their health care benefits and related costs could have an adverse impact on our reputation and a negative impact on our client base.  There is no guarantee that solutions we have developed to help clients navigate health care legislation will continue to be readily accepted by clients, which could have a material adverse impact on our insurance services business.  Insurance services revenue is at risk for lower commission revenue from underwriters if clients move away from traditional insurance policies utilized in the past or as a result of pressure on commission rates, driven by restrictions on insurers as to use of premiums.  Refer to the discussion later in this section on changes in health insurance and workers' compensation insurance rates and underlying claim trends for a  discussion of health care reform as it impacts our PEO.

We may not be able to keep pace with changes in technology or provide timely enhancements to our products and services:    To maintain our growth strategy, we must adapt and respond to technological advances and technological requirements of our clients. Our future success will depend on our ability to enhance capabilities and increase the performance of our internal systems, particularly our systems that meet our clients’ requirements. We continue to make significant investments related to the development of new technology. If our systems become outdated, we may be at a disadvantage when competing in our industry. There can be no assurance that our efforts to update and integrate systems will be successful. If we do not integrate and update our systems in a timely manner, or if our investments in technology fail to provide the expected results, there could be a material adverse effect to our business and results of operations.

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Cyber-attacks and security vulnerabilities could lead to reduced revenues, increased costs, liability claims, or harm to our competitive position:  We rely upon information technology (“IT”) networks, cloud-based platforms, and systems to process, transmit, and store electronic information, and to support a variety of business processes.  Cyber-attacks and security threats are a risk to our business and reputation.  A privacy or IT security breach could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Data Security and Privacy Leaks:  We collect, use, and retain increasingly large amounts of personal information about our clients, employees of our clients, and our employees, including:  bank account numbers, credit card numbers, social security numbers, tax return information, health care information, retirement account information, payroll information, system and network passwords, and other sensitive personal and business information.  At the same time, the continued occurrence of high-profile data breaches provides evidence of an external environment increasingly hostile to information security.  Vulnerabilities, threats, and more sophisticated and targeted computer crimes pose a risk to the security of our systems and networks, and the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of our data.

Our service platforms enable our clients to store and process personal data on premise or, increasingly, in a cloud-based environment that we host.  The security of our IT infrastructure is an important consideration in our customers purchasing decisions.  As cyber threats continue to evolve, we are focused on ensuring that our operating environments safeguard and protect personal and business information.  While we have security systems and IT infrastructure in place designed to detect and protect against unauthorized access to such information, if our security measures are breached, our business could be substantially harmed and we could incur significant liabilities. Any such breach or unauthorized access could negatively affect our ability to attract new clients, cause existing clients to terminate their agreements with us, result in reputational damage and subject us to lawsuits, regulatory fines, or other actions or liabilities which could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.  Third parties, including vendors that provide services for our operations, could also be a source of security risk to us in the event of a failure of their own security systems and infrastructure.

Data Loss and Business Interruption:  If our systems are disrupted or fail for any reason, or if our systems are infiltrated by unauthorized persons, both the Company and our clients could experience data loss, financial loss, harm to reputation, or significant business interruption. We may be required to incur significant costs to protect against damage caused by disruptions or security breaches in the future. Such events may expose us to unexpected liability, litigation, regulatory investigation and penalties, loss of clients’ business, unfavorable impact to business reputation, and there could be a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

In the event of a catastrophe, our business continuity plan may fail, which could result in the loss of client data and adversely interrupt operations:    Our operations are dependent on our ability to protect our infrastructure against damage from catastrophe or natural disaster, severe weather including events resulting from climate change, unauthorized security breach, power loss, telecommunications failure, terrorist attack, or other events that could have a significant disruptive effect on our operations. We have a business continuity plan in place in the event of system failure due to any of these events. Our business continuity plan has been tested in the past by circumstances of severe weather, including hurricanes, floods, and snowstorms, and has been successful. However, these past successes are not an indicator of success in the future. If the business continuity plan is unsuccessful in a disaster recovery scenario, we could potentially lose client data or experience material adverse interruptions to our operations or delivery of services to our clients.

We may be adversely impacted by any failure of third-party service providers to perform their functions:    As part of providing services to clients, we rely on a number of third-party service providers. These service providers include, but are not limited to, couriers used to deliver client payroll checks and banks used to electronically transfer funds from clients to their employees. Failure by these service providers, for any reason, to deliver their services in a timely manner could result in material interruptions to our operations, impact client relations, and result in significant penalties or liabilities to us.

We may be exposed to additional risks related to our co-employment relationship within our PEO business:    Many federal and state laws that apply to the employer-employee relationship do not specifically address the obligations and responsibilities of the “co-employment” relationship. As a result, there is a possibility that we may be subject to liability for violations of employment or discrimination laws by our clients and acts or omissions of client employees, who may be deemed to be our agents, even if we do not participate in any such acts or violations. Although our agreements with clients provide that they will indemnify us for any liability attributable to their own or their employees’ conduct, we may not be able to effectively enforce or collect such contractual obligations. In addition, we could be subject to liabilities with respect to our employee benefit plans if it were determined that we are not the “employer” under any applicable state or federal laws.

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We may be adversely impacted by changes in health insurance and workers’ compensation rates and underlying claims trends:    Within our PEO business, we maintain health and workers’ compensation insurance covering worksite employees. The insurance costs are impacted by claim experience and are a significant portion of our PEO costs. If we experience a sudden or unexpected increase in claim activity, our costs could increase. In addition, in the event of expiration or cancellation of existing contracts, we may not be able to secure replacement contracts on competitive terms. Also, as a co-employer in the PEO, we assume or share many of the employer-related responsibilities associated with health care reform, which may result in increased costs.  Increases in costs not incorporated into service fees timely or fully could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Incorporating cost increases into service fees could also impact our ability to attract and retain clients.

Our interest earned on funds held for clients may be impacted by changes in government regulations mandating the amount of tax withheld or timing of remittance:    We receive interest income from investing client funds collected but not yet remitted to applicable tax or regulatory agencies or to client employees. A change in regulations either decreasing the amount of taxes to be withheld or allowing less time to remit taxes to applicable tax or regulatory agencies could adversely impact interest income.

We may be adversely impacted by volatility in the financial and economic environment:    During periods of weak economic conditions, employment levels tend to decrease and interest rates may become more volatile. These conditions may impact our business due to lower transaction volumes or an increase in the number of clients going out of business. Current or potential clients may decide to reduce their spending on payroll and other outsourcing services. In addition, new business formation may be affected by an inability to obtain credit. The interest we earn on funds held for clients may decrease as a result of a decline in funds available to invest and lower interest rates. In addition, during periods of volatility in the credit markets, certain types of investments may not be available to us or may become too risky for us to invest in, further reducing the interest we may earn on client funds.

Constriction in the credit markets may impact the availability of financing, even to borrowers with the highest credit ratings. Historically, we have periodically borrowed against available credit arrangements to meet short-term liquidity needs. However, should we require additional short-term liquidity during days of large outflows of client funds, a credit constriction may limit our ability to access those funds or the flexibility to obtain them at interest rates that would be acceptable to us. Growth in services for funding payrolls of our clients in the temporary staffing industry may be constricted if access to financing becomes limited.  If all of these financial and economic circumstances were to remain in effect for an extended period of time, there could be a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

We may not be able to attract and retain qualified people, which could impact the quality of our services and customer satisfaction.  Our success, growth and financial results depend in part on our continuing ability to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified people at all levels, including management, technical, compliance and sales personnel.  Competition for these individuals can be intense, and we may not be able to retain our key people, or attract, assimilate or retain other highly-qualified individuals in the future, which could harm our future success.

Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk:    Refer to Item 7A of this Form 10-K for a discussion on Market Risk Factors, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

 

Item 1B.    Unresolved Staff Comments

None.



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Item 2.    Properties

We owned and leased the following properties as of May 31, 2016:







Our facilities in Rochester, New York house various distribution, processing, and technology functions, certain ancillary functions, a telemarketing unit, and other back-office functions. Facilities outside of Rochester, New York are at various locations throughout the U.S. and house our regional, branch, and sales offices and data processing centers. These locations are concentrated in metropolitan areas. Our international locations are primarily in Germany and house our German branch and sales locations. We believe that adequate, suitable lease space will continue to be available to meet our needs.



Item 3.    Legal Proceedings

We are subject to various claims and legal matters that arise in the normal course of our business. These include disputes or potential disputes related to breach of contract, tort, breach of fiduciary duty, employment-related claims, tax claims, and other matters.

Our management currently believes that resolution of outstanding legal matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. However, legal matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and there exists the possibility that the ultimate resolution of these matters could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position and the results of operations in the period in which any such effect is recorded.



Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II



Item 5.    Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our common stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “PAYX.” Dividends have historically been paid on our common stock in August, November, February, and May. The level and continuation of future dividends are dependent on our future earnings and cash flows, and are subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors (the “Board.”)

As of June 30, 2016, there were 12,548 holders of record of our common stock, which includes registered holders and participants in the Paychex, Inc. Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan. There were also 5,813 participants in the Paychex, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan and 4,841 participants in the Paychex, Inc. Employee Stock Ownership Plan.

The high and low sale prices for our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and dividends for fiscal 2016 and the fiscal year ended May 31, 2015  (“fiscal 2015”) are as follows:







The closing price of our common stock as of May 31, 2016, as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, was $54.22 per share.

In May 2014, the Board approved a program to repurchase up to $350 million of our common stock with authorization expiring on May 31, 2017.  Shares repurchased under this program during fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015 were as follows:



As of May 31, 2016, the approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the program is $59.7 million.  Shares of stock repurchased during fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015 were purchased pursuant to the program and were retired. 

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The following graph shows a five-year comparison of the total cumulative returns of investing $100 on May 31, 2011, in Paychex common stock, the S&P 500 Index, and a Peer Group Index. All comparisons of stock price performance shown assume reinvestment of dividends. We are a participant in the S&P 500 Index, a market group of companies with a larger than average market capitalization. Our Peer Group is a group of companies with comparable revenue and net income, who are in a comparable industry, or who are direct competitors of Paychex (as detailed below).











There can be no assurance that our stock performance will continue into the future with the same or similar trends depicted in the graph above. We will neither make nor endorse any predictions as to future stock performance.

Our Peer Group for fiscal 2016 is comprised of the following companies:





 

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Item 6.    Selected Financial Data















Item 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations reviews the operating results of Paychex, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (“Paychex,” “we,” “our,” or “us”) for each of the three fiscal years ended May 31, 2016 (“fiscal 2016”),  May 31, 2015 (“fiscal 2015”), and May 31, 2014 (“fiscal 2014”), and our financial condition as of May 31, 2016. This review should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the related notes to consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) and the “Risk Factors” discussed in Item 1A of this Form 10-K. Forward-looking statements in this review are qualified by the cautionary statement under the heading “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements Pursuant to the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995” contained at the beginning of Part I of this Form 10-K.

Overview

We are a leading provider of integrated human capital management (“HCM”) solutions for payroll, human resource (‘HR”),  retirement, and insurance services for small- to medium-sized businesses.  We offer a comprehensive portfolio of HCM services and products that allow our clients to meet their diverse payroll and human resource needs.  Our payroll processing services, the foundation of our service model, include:

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We support small-business companies through our core payroll, utilizing our robust Paychex FlexSM platform, and our software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) SurePayroll® products.  Mid-market companies typically have more sophisticated payroll and benefits needs, and are primarily serviced through our Paychex Flex Enterprise solution set, which offers an integrated suite of HCM solutions through the Paychex Flex platform, or through our traditional mid-market platform.  Our SaaS solution through Paychex Flex Enterprise integrates payroll processing with human resource management, employee benefits administration, time and labor management, and applicant tracking and onboarding solutions.

We offer a suite of complementary Human Resource Services (“HRS”) products including:

We also offer certain accounting and financial services, which include: the purchase of accounts receivable as a means of providing payroll funding to clients in the temporary staffing industry; a cloud-based accounting service; payment processing services; payment distribution services; and a small-business loan resource center.

Our mission is to be the leading provider of payroll, HR, and employee benefits services for small- and mid-sized companies by being an essential partner with America's businesses.  We believe success in this mission will lead to strong long-term financial performance.  Our strategy focuses on flexible, convenient service; industry-leading, integrated technology; solid sales execution; providing a comprehensive suite of value-added HCM services; continued service penetration; and engaging in strategic acquisitions.

We continue to focus on driving growth in the number of clients, revenue, and profits, while providing industry-leading service and technology solutions to our clients and their employees. We are managing our personnel costs and expenses while continuing to invest in our business, particularly in leading-edge technology. We believe these investments are critical to our success. Looking to the future, we believe that investing in our products, people, and service capabilities will position us to capitalize on opportunities for long-term growth.

Our financial results for fiscal 2016 reflected sustained growth in our business.  Payroll service revenue continued to experience steady growth of 4% for fiscal 2016 as compared with fiscal 2015, driven by growth in client base and revenue per check.  Our payroll client base grew 2% in fiscal 2016 to approximately 605,000 clients as of May 31, 2016, resulting from solid sales execution and client retention results in excess of 82% of the beginning of the fiscal year client base, consistent with the prior year’s record high. 

Our financial results continue to be impacted by the interest rate environment as interest rates available on high-quality financial instruments remain low.  Our combined funds held for clients and corporate investment portfolios earned an average rate of return of 1.1% for fiscal 2016, compared to 1.0% for fiscal years 2015 and 2014.  In December 2015, the United States (“U.S.”) Federal Reserve raised the Federal Funds rate by 25 basis points.  This was the first interest hike in nearly a decade.  The Federal Funds rate was in the range of 0.25% to 0.50% as of May 31, 2016, and was in the range of zero to 0.25% as of May 31, 2015.  

Highlights of our financial results for fiscal 2016, compared to fiscal 2015, are as follows:

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Business Outlook

Our payroll client base totaled approximately 605,000 clients as of May 31, 2016, compared to approximately 590,000 clients as of May 31, 2015, and approximately 580,000 clients as of May 31, 2014. Our payroll client base increased approximately 2% for each of the fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014.

While HRS provides services to employers and employees beyond payroll, they effectively leverage payroll processing data and, therefore, are beneficial to our operating margin.  Our HR administration services are often included as part of the SaaS solutions for mid-market clients.  The following table illustrates the growth in selected HRS service offerings:







In fiscal 2016, we made significant enhancements to our Paychex Flex platform,  which is our cloud-based HCM solution.  In fiscal 2016, we completed the integration of key HCM modules with the release of Paychex Flex Time, Paychex Flex Benefits Administration, and Paychex Flex Hiring.  We believe this leading-edge technology, along with our flexible service options, positively impacted our performance in the mid-market space, as we experienced especially strong sales results for this division in fiscal 2016.

In December 2015, a wholly owned subsidiary of Paychex acquired substantially all of the net assets of Advance Partners.  Advance Partners is a leading provider of integrated financial, operational, and strategic services to support independent staffing firms.  Advance Partners offers customizable solutions to the temporary staffing industry, including payroll funding and outsourcing services. 

Our full-service Paychex Employer Shared Responsibility (“ESR”) services continued to show strong market acceptance and growth in fiscal 2016. The Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) sets forth specific coverage and reporting requirements that employers must meet.  Paychex ESR services help clients navigate the complexities of those requirements, avoid steep fines and penalties, and reduce ACA-related administrative work.

We continue to strengthen our position as an expert in our industry by serving as a source of education and information to clients, small businesses, and other interested parties.  We provide free webinars, white papers, and other information on our website to aid existing and prospective clients with the impact of regulatory changes.  The Paychex Insurance Agency, Inc. website, www.paychexinsurance.com, helps small-business owners navigate the area of insurance coverage.  Both this website and www.paychex.com have sections dedicated to the topic of health care reform.

Financial position and liquidity

Our financial position as of May 31, 2016 remained strong with cash and total corporate investments of $793.2 million and no debt. Our investment strategy continues to focus on protecting principal and optimizing liquidity. Yields on high quality financial instruments remain low, negatively impacting our income earned on funds held for clients and corporate investments. We invest predominately in municipal bonds -  including general obligation bonds; pre-refunded bonds, which are secured by a U.S. government escrow; and essential services revenue bonds – along with U.S. government agency securities and corporate bonds. During fiscal 2016, our primary short-term investment vehicles were bank demand deposit accounts, variable rate demand notes (“VRDNs”), high-quality commercial paper, and government agency discount notes.

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A substantial portion of our portfolio is invested in high credit quality securities with ratings of AA or higher, and A-1/P-1 ratings on short-term securities. We limit the amounts that can be invested in any single issuer and invest in short- to intermediate-term instruments whose fair value is less sensitive to interest rate changes. We believe that our investments as of May 31, 2016 were not other-than-temporarily impaired, nor has any event occurred subsequent to that date that would indicate any other-than-temporary impairment.

Our primary source of cash is our ongoing operations. Cash flow from operations exceeded $1.0 billion for the first time for fiscal 2016. Historically, we have funded our operations, capital purchases, business acquisitions, share repurchases, and dividend payments from our operating activities.  Our positive operating cash flows for fiscal 2016 allowed us to support our business growth and to pay substantial dividends to our stockholders. In July 2015, we announced an increase in our quarterly dividend of 11%, or $0.04 per share.  In July 2016, we subsequently announced an additional $0.04 per share, or 10%, increase in our quarterly dividend.  Dividends paid to stockholders were 80% of net income in fiscal 2016. It is anticipated that cash and total corporate investments as of May 31, 2016, along with projected operating cash flows, will support our normal business operations, capital purchases, share repurchases, dividend payments, and business acquisitions, if any, for the foreseeable future.

For further analysis of our results of operations for fiscal years 2016,  2015, and 2014, and our financial position as of May 31, 2016, refer to the tables and analysis in the “Results of Operations” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” sections of this Item 7 and the discussion in the “Critical Accounting Policies” section of this Item 7.

Outlook

Our outlook for the fiscal year ending May 31, 2017 (“fiscal 2017”) is based upon current market, economic, and interest rate conditions continuing with no significant changes. Our expected full-year fiscal 2017 payroll revenue growth rate is based upon anticipated client base growth and increases in revenue per check.  Our guidance for fiscal 2017 is as follows:

The average rate of return on our combined funds held for clients and corporate investment portfolios is expected to be approximately 1.1% for fiscal 2017. As of May 31, 2016, the long-term investment portfolio had an average yield-to-maturity of 1.7% and an average duration of 3.1 years.

Purchases of property and equipment for fiscal 2017 are expected to be in the range of $110 million to $120 million. This includes costs for internally developed software as we continue to invest in our service supporting technology. Fiscal 2017 depreciation expense is projected to be in the range of $100 million to $110 million, and we project amortization of intangible assets for fiscal 2017 to be in the range of $15 million to $20 million.



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Results of Operations



Summary of Results of Operations for the Fiscal Years Ended May 31:







We invest in highly liquid, investment-grade fixed income securities and do not utilize derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk. As of May 31, 2016, we had no exposure to high-risk or illiquid investments. Details regarding our combined funds held for clients and corporate investment portfolios are as follows:











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Payroll service revenue:  Payroll service revenue was $1.7 billion for both fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015, reflecting growth of 4% for both fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015 compared to fiscal 2014.  Both fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015 benefited from increases in client base and revenue per check.   Revenue per check improved as a result of price increases, net of discounts.  Fiscal 2016 also benefited from two additional processing days during the year.

For fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015, our total payroll client base growth was approximately 2%.  Client retention was in excess of 82% of the beginning of the year client base for fiscal 2016, consistent with fiscal 2015, which reflected a record high.

Human Resource Services revenue:  HRS revenue was $1.2 billion for fiscal 2016 and $1.0 billion for fiscal 2015, reflecting growth of 13%  and 18%, respectively, compared to each of the prior fiscal year periods.

For both fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015,  HRS revenue growth was primarily driven by increases in client base across all major HCM services, including: comprehensive outsourcing services; retirement services; time and attendance; and HR.  HRS product key statistics are as follows:





We continue to experience strong demand for our Paychex HR Services, our largest HRS revenue stream, as evidenced by the continued double-digit growth in client worksite employees.  During both fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015, the PEO, in particular, experienced strong demand.

Retirement services revenue growth was tempered in fiscal 2016 by a lower average asset value of participants’ funds, offset somewhat by higher basis points earned from external fund managers.  Retirement services revenue for fiscal 2015 compared to fiscal 2014 benefited from pricing and higher average asset value of participants’ funds.

Insurance services revenue growth for both fiscal 2016 and 2015 benefited from growth in our full-service ACA product.  In addition, higher average premiums and clients in our workers’ compensation product positively impacted revenue in both years.

Our HR administration products, including time and attendance and HR management, contributed to growth through strong sales of our SaaS solutions.  Time and attendance solutions benefited from a small business acquisition in fiscal 2015.



Total service revenue:  Total service revenue increased 8% for fiscal 2016 and 9% for fiscal 2015, attributable to the factors previously discussed.

Interest on funds held for clients:  Interest on funds held for clients increased 9% for fiscal 2016 and increased 3% for fiscal 2015.  For fiscal 2016, the increase was primarily due to higher average interest rates and slightly higher average investment balances.  For fiscal 2015, the increase was primarily due to an increase in average investment balances, while average interest rates earned were flat. 

Average investment balances for funds held for clients increased 1% for fiscal 2016  and 3% for fiscal 2015.  The net increase in average investment balances for fiscal 2016 was mainly due to client base growth and wage inflation, partially offset by lower state unemployment insurance rates.  The increase in average investment balances for fiscal 2015 was mainly driven by increases in client base and wage inflation.   

Refer to the “Market Risk Factors” section contained in Item 7A of this Form 10-K for more information on changing interest rates.

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Combined operating and SG&A expenses:  The following table summarizes total combined operating and SG&A expenses for fiscal years:







Total expenses increased 7% for fiscal 2016 and 10% for fiscal 2015. Fiscal 2015 was impacted by costs relating to the new minimum premium plan health insurance offering within our PEO, introduced in January 2014, which contributed three percentage points of the increase in total expenses for fiscal 2015.

The increases in total expenses were driven largely by growth in compensation-related expenses.  For fiscal 2016, compensation-related expenses increased due to higher wages and performance-based compensation costs.  For fiscal 2015, compensation-related expenses increased due to higher sales headcount and variable costs resulting from strong sales execution, along with higher employee-benefit-related costs, primarily medical expenses.  As of May 31, 2016, we had approximately 13,500 employees, compared with 13,000 employees as of May 31, 2015.

Depreciation expense is primarily related to buildings, furniture and fixtures, data processing equipment, and software. Amortization of intangible assets is primarily related to client list acquisitions, which are amortized using either straight-line or accelerated methods.  The higher growth rate for depreciation and amortization in fiscal 2016 was primarily driven by higher depreciation related to an increase in internally developed software that was placed in service.

Other expenses include items such as non-capital equipment, delivery, forms and supplies, communications, travel and entertainment, professional services, and other costs incurred to support our business.  Other expenses increased due to growth within the PEO.  In addition, continued investment in product development and supporting technology impacted other expense growth for both fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015.

Operating income:  Operating income increased 9% for fiscal 2016 and 7% for fiscal 2015. The fluctuations in operating income were attributable to the factors previously discussed.

Operating income, net of certain items, is as follows for fiscal years:









Operating income, net of certain items, as a percentage of service revenue was approximately 38% for each of the fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014. 

Non-GAAP Financial Measure:  In addition to reporting operating income, a U.S. generally accepted accounting principle (“GAAP”) measure, we present operating income, net of certain items, which is a non-GAAP measure. We believe operating income, net of certain items, is an appropriate additional measure, as it is an indicator of our core business operations performance period over period. It is also the basis of the measure used internally for establishing the following year’s targets and measuring management’s performance in connection with certain performance-based compensation payments and awards. Operating income, net of certain items, excludes interest on funds held for clients. Interest on funds held for clients is an adjustment to operating income due to the volatility of interest rates, which are not within the control of management. Operating income, net of certain items, is not calculated through the application of GAAP and is not the required form of disclosure by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). As such, it should not be considered as a substitute for the GAAP measure of operating income and, therefore, should not be used in isolation, but in conjunction with the GAAP measure. The use of any non-GAAP measure may produce results that vary from the GAAP measure and may not be comparable to a similarly defined non-GAAP measure used by other companies.

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Investment income, net:  Investment income, net, primarily represents earnings from our cash and cash equivalents and investments in available-for-sale securities. Investment income does not include interest on funds held for clients, which is included in total revenue. Investment income, net, decreased 28% for fiscal 2016 as the result of immaterial losses on equity method investments and a decrease in average investment balances, partially offset by higher average interest rates earned.  The decrease in average investment balances for fiscal 2016 is the result of cash consideration paid for the acquisition of Advance Partners in December 2015 and stock repurchase activity.    Investment income increased 17% for fiscal 2015 due to an increase in average investment balances resulting from investment of cash generated from operations, while interest rates earned remained relatively flat.     

Income taxes:  Our effective income tax rate was 34.3% for fiscal 2016 compared to 36.3% for fiscal 2015 and 36.5% for fiscal 2014. The decrease in the effective income tax rate for fiscal 2016 is related primarily to a net tax benefit that was recorded for income derived in prior tax years from customer-facing software we produced. During the first quarter, we engaged tax specialists to assess the qualification of such software for the Federal “Qualified Production Activities Deduction.”  Based on this assessment, we concluded that certain of our software offerings qualified for this tax deduction in prior tax years and, therefore, we recorded the tax benefits and related tax reserves as a discrete item in the first quarter.  Excluding this net tax benefit, the effective income tax rate would have been approximately 35.8% for fiscal 2016.  Refer to Note J of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional disclosures on income taxes.

Net income and earnings per share:  Net income increased 12% to $756.8 million for fiscal 2016 and 8% to $674.9 million for fiscal 2015. Diluted earnings per share increased 13% to $2.09 per share for fiscal 2016 and 8% to $1.85 per share for fiscal 2015. These fluctuations were attributable to the factors previously discussed. Excluding the net tax benefit recognized in the first quarter, net income and diluted earnings per share for fiscal 2016 would have increased 9% and 10%, respectively.



Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our financial position as of May 31, 2016 remained strong with cash and total corporate investments of $793.2 million and no debt. We believe that our investments as of May 31, 2016 were not other-than-temporarily impaired, nor has any event occurred subsequent to that date that would indicate any other-than-temporary impairment. We anticipate that cash and total corporate investments as of May 31, 2016, along with projected operating cash flows, will support our normal business operations, capital purchases, business acquisitions, share repurchases, and dividend payments for the foreseeable future.

Commitments and Contractual Obligations

Lines of credit:  As of May 31, 2016, we had unused borrowing capacity available under uncommitted, secured, short-term lines of credit at market rates of interest with financial institutions as follows:







Our credit facilities are evidenced by promissory notes and are secured by separate pledge security agreements by and between Paychex, Inc. and each of the financial institutions (the “Lenders”), pursuant to which we have granted each of the Lenders a security interest in certain of our investment securities accounts. The collateral is maintained in a pooled custody account pursuant to the terms of a control agreement and is to be administered under an intercreditor agreement among the Lenders. Under certain circumstances, individual Lenders may require that collateral be transferred from the pooled account into segregated accounts for the benefit of such individual Lenders.

The primary uses of the lines of credit would be to meet short-term funding requirements related to deposit account overdrafts and client fund obligations arising from electronic payment transactions on behalf of our clients in the ordinary course of business, if necessary. No amounts were outstanding against these lines of credit during fiscal 2016 or as of May 31, 2016.

Certain of the financial institutions are also parties to our credit facility and irrevocable standby letters of credit, which are discussed below.

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Credit facilities:  On August 5, 2015, the Company entered into a committed, unsecured, five-year syndicated credit facility, expiring on August 5, 2020.  Under the credit facility, Paychex of New York LLC (the “Borrower”) may, subject to certain restrictions, borrow up to $1 billion to meet short-term funding requirements.  The obligations under this facility have been guaranteed by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries.  The outstanding obligations under this credit facility will bear interest at competitive rates to be elected by the Borrower.  Upon expiration of the commitment in August 2020, any borrowings outstanding will mature and be payable on such date.  This agreement supersedes the $750 million credit facility agreement set to expire on June 21, 2018, which was terminated as part of the new agreement.

There were no amounts outstanding under this credit facility as of May 31, 2016.  During fiscal 2016,  the Company borrowed against this facility, and its predecessor facility, for one-day periods each, from one to two times a quarter as follows:



The Company subsequently borrowed $100 million for one day under this line in June 2016.



The credit facility contains various financial and operational covenants that are usual and customary for such arrangements.  The Borrower was in compliance with these covenants during fiscal 2016. 

Certain lenders under this credit facility, and their respective affiliates, have performed, and may in the future perform for us, various commercial banking, investment banking, underwriting, and other financial advisory services, for which they have received, and will continue to receive in the future, customary fees and expenses.

On March 17, 2016, the Company entered into a committed, unsecured, three-year credit facility with PNC Bank, National Association, expiring on March 17, 2019.   Under the credit facility, Paychex Advance LLC (“Paychex Advance”) may, subject to certain restrictions, borrow up to $150 million to finance working capital needs and for general corporate purposes.  The obligations under this facility have been guaranteed by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries.  The outstanding obligations under this credit facility will bear interest at competitive rates to be elected by Paychex Advance.  Upon expiration of the commitment in March 2019, any borrowings outstanding will mature and be payable on such date.

There were no amounts outstanding under this credit facility as of May 31, 2016.  Subsequent to May 31, 2016, Paychex Advance borrowed approximately $56 million under this line, which remains outstanding as of the date of this report.

Letters of credit:  As of May 31, 2016, we had irrevocable standby letters of credit outstanding totaling $43.0 million, required to secure commitments for certain insurance policies. The letters of credit expire at various dates between July 2016 and April 2017, and are collateralized by securities held in our investment portfolios. No amounts were outstanding on these letters of credit during fiscal 2016 or as of May 31, 2016. Subsequent to May 31, 2016, the letter of credit expiring in July 2016 was renewed through July 2017.

Other commitments:  We have entered into various operating leases and purchase obligations that, under GAAP, are not reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of May 31, 2016. The table below summarizes our estimated annual payment obligations under these commitments as of May 31, 2016:





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The liability for uncertain tax positions, including interest and net of federal benefits, was approximately $54.2 million as of May 31, 2016. Refer to Note J of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for more information on income taxes. We are not able to reasonably estimate the timing of future cash flows related to this liability and have excluded it from the table above.

Certain deferred compensation plan obligations and other long-term liabilities reported in our Consolidated Balance Sheets amounting to $68.3 million are excluded from the table above because the timing of actual payments cannot be specifically or reasonably determined due to the variability in assumptions required to project the timing of future payments.

Advantage Payroll Services Inc. (“Advantage”) has license agreements with independently owned associate offices (“Associates”), which are responsible for selling and marketing Advantage Payroll Services® and performing certain operational functions, while Paychex and Advantage provide all centralized back-office payroll processing and payroll tax administration services. Under these arrangements, Advantage pays the Associates commissions based on processing activity for the related clients. When we acquired Advantage, there were fifteen Associates. Over the past few years, arrangements with some Associates have been discontinued, and there are currently fewer than ten Associates. Since the actual amounts of future payments are uncertain, obligations under these arrangements are not included in the table above. Commission expense for the Associates for fiscal years 2016,  2015, and 2014 was $16.1 million, $15.1million, and $14.4 million, respectively.

In the normal course of business, we make representations and warranties that guarantee the performance of services under service arrangements with clients. Historically, there have been no material losses related to such guarantees. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our officers and directors, which require us to defend and, if necessary, indemnify these individuals for certain pending or future legal claims as they relate to their services provided to us.

We currently self-insure the deductible portion of various insured exposures under certain employee benefit plans. Our estimated loss exposure under these insurance arrangements is recorded in other current liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Historically, the amounts accrued have not been material and are not material as of the reporting date. We also maintain insurance coverage in addition to our purchased primary insurance policies for gap coverage for employment practices liability, errors and omissions, warranty liability, theft and embezzlement, cyber threats, and acts of terrorism; and capacity for deductibles and self-insured retentions through our captive insurance company.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As part of our ongoing business, we do not participate in transactions with unconsolidated entities which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other limited purposes. We do maintain investments as a limited partner in low-income housing projects that are not considered part of our ongoing operations. These investments are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and are less than 1% of our total assets as of May 31, 2016.

Operating Cash Flow Activities





The increase in our operating cash flows for fiscal 2016 compared to fiscal 2015 is primarily the result of higher net income, adjusted for non-cash items, along with the positive impact from fluctuations in our operating assets and liabilities.  The increase for fiscal 2015 compared to fiscal 2014 is primarily the result of higher net income, adjusted for non-cash items, offset by the decrease in cash provided by changes in our operating assets and liabilities.  Non-cash adjustments to net income increased for both fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015, compared to the respective prior year periods.  The increase in non-cash adjustments for fiscal 2016 was largely due to higher depreciation expense related to an increase in internally developed software placed in service, and an increase in the deferred tax provision.  The increase in non-cash adjustments for fiscal 2015 was largely due to higher amortization of premiums on available-for-sale securities as the Company has increased its holdings of longer-duration investments, and higher stock-based compensation costs.  The fluctuations in our operating assets and liabilities between all periods were primarily related to the timing of collections from clients and payments for compensation, PEO payroll, income tax, and other liabilities.     

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Investing Cash Flow Activities





Funds held for clients and corporate investments:  Funds held for clients consist of short-term funds and available-for-sale securities. Corporate investments are primarily comprised of available-for-sale securities. The portfolio of funds held for clients and corporate investments is detailed in Note F of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Fluctuations in the net change in funds held for clients and corporate investment activities are largely due to timing within the client funds portfolio.  For fiscal 2016 compared to fiscal 2015, there was a significant fluctuation due to timing of the day of the week for fiscal year-end.  There were larger cash outflows on Tuesday, May 31, 2016 that required the liquidation of funds held in the funds held for clients portfolio.  This resulted in positive cash flow from investing activities for fiscal 2016.  Our net cash inflow from funds held for clients and corporate investment activities for fiscal 2016 was partially offset by the change in mix of investments with more invested in VRDN securities and less in cash equivalents as of May 31, 2016.  For fiscal 2015 compared to fiscal 2014, there was not a significant fluctuation due to timing of the day of the week for fiscal year-end.  The net cash outflow position for both fiscal 2015 and fiscal 2014 is related to more purchases of short-term and available-for-sale securities resulting from higher average collections from clients.  See further discussion of this timing in the financing cash flows discussion of net change in client fund obligations.

In general, fluctuations in net funds held for clients and corporate investment activities primarily relate to timing of purchases, sales, or maturities of investments. The amount of funds held for clients will vary based upon the timing of collection of client funds, and the related remittance of funds to applicable tax or regulatory agencies for payroll tax administration services and to employees of clients utilizing employee payment services.  Additional discussion of interest rates and related risks is included in the “Market Risk Factors” section contained in Item 7A of this Form 10-K.

Other investing activities:  To support our continued client and ancillary product growth, purchases of property and equipment were made for data processing equipment and software, and for the expansion and upgrade of various operating facilities. During fiscal years 2016,  2015, and 2014, we purchased approximately $4.9 million, $6.9 million, and $4.7 million, respectively, of data processing equipment and software from EMC Corporation. The Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer of EMC Corporation is a member of our Board of Directors (the “Board”).

During fiscal 2016, we paid, net of cash acquired,  $296.1 million for the acquisition of Advance Partners.  During fiscal years 2015 and 2014, we paid, net of cash acquired, $27.1 million and $9.3 million, respectively, for immaterial business acquisitions. 

Financing Cash Flow Activities





Net change in client fund obligations:  The client fund obligations liability will vary based on the timing of collecting client funds, and the related required remittance of funds to applicable tax or regulatory agencies for payroll tax administration services and to employees of clients utilizing employee payment services. Collections from clients are typically remitted from one to 30 days after receipt, with some items extending to 90 days.

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Fluctuations in net change in client fund obligations for the years presented are primarily the result of timing of collections and remittances and overall trends in client fund balances.   Timing for fiscal 2016 resulted in a net cash outflow position.   May 31, 2016 was a Tuesday, a larger cash outflow day due to clearing of Readychex and tax payments.  As May 31, 2015 was a Sunday, cash on hand would have been higher.  As a result, there was a net cash outflow over the period in fiscal 2016.

May 31, 2015 fell on a Sunday, while May 31, 2014 fell on a Saturday.  Friday is a large cash outflow day for direct deposit funds, partially offset by tax payment funds collected on that day.  This impact was consistent and did not impact the net cash flow position for client funds obligations reflected in fiscal 2015 or fiscal 2014.  The net cash inflow position in those years is the result of growth in average client funds held.  The slight decrease in net cash inflows for fiscal 2015 was the result of lower cash collections for state unemployment insurance with many states lowering their rates early in calendar 2015.

Dividends paid:  In July 2015, the Board increased our quarterly dividend to stockholders by 11% to $0.42 per share from $0.38 per share.  In July 2014, the Board increased our quarterly dividend to stockholders by 9% to $0.38 per share from $0.35 per share. The dividends paid as a percentage of net income totaled 80%, 82%, and 81% for fiscal years 2016,  2015, and 2014, respectively. The payment of future dividends is dependent on our future earnings and cash flow, and is subject to the discretion of our Board.

Repurchases of common shares:  In May 2014, the Board approved a program to repurchase up to $350 million of Paychex common stock, with authorization expiring in May 2017. Under this share repurchase program, we repurchased 2.2 million shares for a total of $107.9 million during fiscal 2016 and 3.9 million shares for a total of $182.4 million during fiscal 2015.  In fiscal 2014, we repurchased 6.2 million shares for a total of $249.7 million under a previously authorized program to repurchase up to $350 million of Paychex common stock, with authorization for that program expiring in May 2014.

Equity activity related to stock-based awards:  The decrease in activity related to stock-based awards for fiscal 2016 compared to fiscal 2015 and for fiscal 2015 compared to fiscal 2014 was largely driven by a decrease in proceeds from the exercise of stock options. Shares of common stock acquired through the exercise of stock options were 0.9 million shares, 1.6 million shares, and 3.4 million shares for fiscal years 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.  Refer to Note E of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional disclosures on our stock-based compensation plans.

 

Other

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements:  Refer to Note A of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for a discussion of recently adopted accounting pronouncements.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements:  Refer to Note A of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

Note A of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K discusses the significant accounting policies of Paychex. Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate the accounting policies and estimates used to prepare the consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, future expectations, and assumptions believed to be reasonable under current facts and circumstances. Actual amounts and results could differ from these estimates. Certain accounting policies that are deemed critical to our results of operations or financial position are discussed below.

Revenue recognition:  Service revenue is recognized in the period services are rendered and earned under service arrangements with clients where service fees are fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Certain processing services are provided under annual service arrangements with revenue recognized ratably over the service period. Our service revenue is largely attributable to processing services where the fee is based on a fixed amount per processing period or a fixed amount per processing period plus a fee per employee or transaction processed. Fees earned for funding of temporary staffing clients’ payrolls via purchase of accounts receivable are based on a percentage of funding amounts as specified in the client contract.  The revenue earned from delivery service for the distribution of certain client payroll checks and reports is included in service revenue, and the costs for delivery are included in operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

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For certain of our service offerings, we receive advance payments for set-up fees from our clients. We defer revenue associated with these advance payments and the related costs, recognizing the revenue and related expenses over the expected life of clients.

PEO revenue is included in service revenue and is reported net of certain direct pass-through costs billed and incurred, which include wages, taxes, and certain benefit premiums.  Direct costs related to certain benefit plans where the Company retains risk are classified as operating expenses rather than as a reduction in service revenue.

Interest on funds held for clients is earned primarily on funds that are collected from clients before due dates for payroll tax administration services and for employee payment services, and invested until remittance to the applicable tax or regulatory agencies or client employees. These collections from clients are typically remitted from one to 30 days after receipt, with some items extending to 90 days. The interest earned on these funds is included in total revenue on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income because the collecting, holding, and remitting of these funds are critical components of providing these services. Interest on funds held for clients also includes net realized gains and losses from the sales of available-for-sale securities.

PEO insurance reserves:  As part of the PEO service, we offer workers’ compensation insurance and health insurance to client companies for the benefit of client employees.  Workers' compensation insurance is provided under a fully insured high deductible workers’ compensation policy with a national insurance carrier. Workers’ compensation insurance reserves are established to provide for the estimated costs of paying claims up to per occurrence liability limits. In establishing the PEO workers' compensation insurance reserves, we use an independent actuarial estimate of undiscounted future cash payments that would be made to settle the claims.

Estimating the ultimate cost of future claims is an uncertain and complex process based upon historical loss experience and actuarial loss projections, and is subject to change due to multiple factors, including economic trends, changes in legal liability law, and damage awards, all of which could materially impact the reserves as reported in the consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, workers' compensation final claim settlements may vary from the present estimates, particularly when those payments may not occur until well into the future.

With respect to our PEO health insurance, we offer various health insurance plans that take the form of either fully insured fixed cost plans with various national insurance carriers or a fully insured minimum premium insurance arrangement with coverage provided through a single national carrier. Under the minimum premium arrangement, our health benefits insurance reserves are established to provide for the payment of claims liability charges in accordance with our service contract with the carrier. The claims liability charges include estimates for reported losses, plus amounts for those claims incurred but not reported, and estimates of certain expenses associated with processing and settling the claims.

We regularly review the adequacy of our estimated insurance reserves. Adjustments to previously established reserves are reflected in the results of operations for the period in which the adjustment is identified. Such adjustments could possibly be significant, reflecting any combination of new and adverse or favorable trends.

Goodwill and other intangible assets:  Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change in a way to indicate that there has been a potential decline in the fair value of the reporting unit.  We performed our annual impairment testing in our fiscal fourth quarter.  A quantitative analysis was performed for our German reporting unit.  For all other reporting units, we utilized a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit had declined below its carrying value.  The assessment considered various financial, macroeconomic, industry, and reporting unit specific qualitative factors.  Based on the results of our testing, no impairment loss was recognized in the results of operations for fiscal years 2016, 2015, or 2014.  Subsequent to this review, there have been no events or circumstances that indicate any potential impairment of our goodwill balance.

We also test intangible assets for potential impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

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Stock-based compensation costs:  All stock-based awards to employees, including grants of stock options, are recognized as compensation costs in our consolidated financial statements based on their fair values measured as of the date of grant. We estimate the fair value of stock option grants using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. This model requires various assumptions as inputs including expected volatility of the Paychex stock price and expected option life. We estimate volatility based on a combination of historical volatility using stock prices over a period equal to the expected option life and implied market volatility. Expected option life is estimated based on historical exercise behavior.  We periodically reassess our assumptions as well as our choice of valuation model, and will reconsider use of this model if additional information becomes available in the future indicating that another model would provide a more accurate estimate of fair value, or if characteristics of future grants would warrant such a change.

We are required to estimate forfeitures and only record compensation costs for those awards that are expected to vest. Our assumptions for forfeitures were determined based on type of award and historical experience. Forfeiture assumptions are adjusted at the point in time a significant change is identified, with any adjustment recorded in the period of change, and the final adjustment at the end of the requisite service period to equal actual forfeitures.

The assumptions of volatility, expected option life, and forfeitures all require significant judgment and are subject to change in the future due to factors such as employee exercise behavior, stock price trends, and changes to type or provisions of stock-based awards. Any change in one or more of these assumptions could have a material impact on the estimated fair value of a future award.

Refer to Note E of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion of our stock-based compensation plans.

Income taxes:  We account for deferred taxes by recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. We record a deferred tax asset related to the stock-based compensation costs recognized for certain stock-based awards. At the time non-qualified stock options are exercised or stock awards vest, we account for the resulting tax deduction by reducing our accrued income tax liability with an offset to the deferred tax asset and any excess of the tax benefit over the deferred tax asset as an increase to additional paid-in capital. We currently have a sufficient pool of excess tax benefits in additional paid-in capital to absorb any deficiency in tax benefits that fall short of the related deferred tax asset related to stock-based awards.

We maintain a reserve for uncertain tax positions. We evaluate tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return for recognition in our consolidated financial statements. Prior to recording the related tax benefit in our consolidated financial statements, we must conclude that tax positions will be more-likely-than-not to be sustained, assuming those positions will be examined by taxing authorities with full knowledge of all relevant information. The benefit recognized in our consolidated financial statements is the amount we expect to realize after examination by taxing authorities. If a tax position drops below the more-likely-than-not standard, the benefit can no longer be recognized. Assumptions, judgment, and the use of estimates are required in determining if the more-likely-than-not standard has been met when developing the provision for income taxes and in determining the expected benefit. A change in the assessment of the more-likely-than-not standard could materially impact our results of operations or financial position. Refer to Note J of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion of our reserve for uncertain tax positions.

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Item 7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk Factors

Changes in interest rates and interest rate risk:    Funds held for clients are primarily comprised of short-term funds and available-for-sale securities. Corporate investments are primarily comprised of available-for-sale securities. As a result of our investing activities, we are exposed to changes in interest rates that may materially affect our results of operations and financial position. Changes in interest rates will impact the earnings potential of future investments and will cause fluctuations in the fair value of our longer-term available-for-sale securities. We follow an investment strategy of protecting principal and optimizing liquidity. A substantial portion of our portfolios is invested in high credit quality securities with AAA and AA ratings and A-1/P-1 ratings on short-term securities. We invest predominately in municipal bonds including general obligation bonds, pre-refunded bonds that are secured by a U.S. government escrow, and essential services revenue bonds, along with U.S. government agency securities and corporate bonds. We limit the amounts that can be invested in any single issuer and invest primarily in short- to intermediate-term instruments whose fair value is less sensitive to interest rate changes. We manage the available-for-sale securities to a benchmark duration of two and one-half to three and three-quarters years.

During fiscal 2016, our primary short-term investment vehicles were bank demand deposit accounts, VRDNs, high-quality commercial paper, and government agency discount notes. We have no exposure to high-risk or illiquid investments.  We have insignificant exposure to European investments. We have not and do not utilize derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risk.

During fiscal 2016, the average interest rate earned on our combined funds held for clients and corporate investment portfolios was 1.1%, compared to 1.0% for fiscal years 2015 and 2014. When interest rates are rising, the full impact of higher interest rates will not immediately be reflected in net income due to the interaction of short- and long-term interest rate changes. During a rising interest rate environment, earnings increase from our short-term investments, and over time increase earnings from our longer-term available-for-sale securities. Earnings from the available-for-sale securities, which as of May 31, 2016 had an average duration of 3.1 years, would not reflect increases in interest rates until the investments are sold or mature and the proceeds are reinvested at higher rates.

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities that had stated maturities as of May 31, 2016 are shown below by contractual maturity. Expected maturities can differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties.







VRDNs are primarily categorized as due after five years in the table above as the contractual maturities on these securities are typically 20 to 30 years. Although these securities are issued as long-term securities, they are priced and traded as short-term instruments because of the liquidity provided through the tender feature.

The Federal Funds rate was raised by 25 basis points in December 2015 and has been in the range of 0.25% to 0.50% since then. Previously the Federal Funds rate had remained at a range of zero to 0.25% since December 2008.

Calculating the future effects of changing interest rates involves many factors. These factors include, but are not limited to:

•    daily interest rate changes;

•    seasonal variations in investment balances;

•    actual duration of short-term and available-for-sale securities;

•    the proportion of taxable and tax-exempt investments;

•    changes in tax-exempt municipal rates versus taxable investment rates, which are not synchronized or simultaneous;    and

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•    financial market volatility and the resulting effect on benchmark and other indexing interest rates.

Subject to these factors and under normal financial market conditions, a 25-basis-point change in taxable interest rates generally affects our tax-exempt interest rates by approximately 17 basis points. Under normal financial market conditions, the impact to earnings from a 25-basis-point change in short-term interest rates would be approximately $3.5 million to $4.0 million, after taxes, for a twelve-month period. Such a basis point change may or may not be tied to changes in the Federal Funds rate.

Our total investment portfolio (funds held for clients and corporate investments) averaged approximately $5.0 billion for fiscal 2016. Our anticipated allocation is approximately 45% invested in short-term securities and VRDNs with an average duration of less than 30 days, and 55% invested in available-for-sale securities with an average duration of two and one-half to three and three-quarters years.

The combined funds held for clients and corporate available-for-sale securities reflected a net unrealized gain of $47.6 million as of May 31, 2016, compared with an unrealized gain of $13.6 million as of May 31, 2015.   Refer to Note G of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional disclosures on fair value measurements.

During fiscal 2016, the net unrealized gain on our investment portfolios ranged from $3.7 million to $72.2 million. During fiscal 2015, the net unrealized gain on our investment portfolios ranged from an unrealized gain of $9.5 million to $55.9 million. The net unrealized gain on our investment portfolios was approximately $63.5 as of July 15, 2016.

As of May 31, 2016 and 2015, we had $4.1 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively, invested in available-for-sale securities at fair value. The weighted-average yield-to-maturity was 1.7% and 1.6% as of May 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The weighted-average yield-to-maturity excludes available-for-sale securities tied to short-term interest rates such as the VRDNs. Assuming a hypothetical increase in longer-term interest rates of 25 basis points, the resulting potential decrease in fair value for our portfolio of available-for-sale securities as of May 31, 2016, would be in the range of $20.0 million to $25.0 million. Conversely, a corresponding decrease in interest rates would result in a comparable increase in fair value. This hypothetical increase or decrease in the fair value of the portfolio would be recorded as an adjustment to the portfolio’s recorded value, with an offsetting amount recorded in stockholders’ equity. These fluctuations in fair value would have no related or immediate impact on the results of operations, unless any declines in fair value were considered to be other-than-temporary and an impairment loss recognized.

Credit risk:    We are exposed to credit risk in connection with these investments through the possible inability of the borrowers to meet the terms of their bonds. We regularly review our investment portfolios to determine if any investment is other-than-temporarily impaired due to changes in credit risk or other potential valuation concerns. We believe that the investments we held as of May 31, 2016 were not other-than-temporarily impaired. While $155.6 million of our available-for-sale securities had fair values that were below amortized cost, we believe that it is probable that the principal and interest will be collected in accordance with the contractual terms, and that the unrealized losses of $0.7 million were due to changes in interest rates and were not due to increased credit risk or other valuation concerns. A significant portion of these securities in an unrealized loss position as of May 31, 2016 and 2015 held an AA rating or better. We do not intend to sell these investments until the recovery of their amortized cost basis or maturity, and further believe that it is not more-likely-than-not that we will be required to sell these investments prior to that time. Our assessment that an investment is not other-than-temporarily impaired could change in the future due to new developments or changes in our strategies or assumptions related to any particular investment.

We have some credit risk exposure in connection with our purchase of accounts receivable as a means of providing funding to clients in the temporary staffing industry.  This credit risk exposure is diversified amongst multiple client arrangements and all such arrangements are regularly reviewed for potential write-off.  No single client is material in respect to total accounts receivable, service revenue, or results of operations. 

 

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Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

TABLE OF CONTENTS



 

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REPORT ON MANAGEMENT’S ASSESSMENT OF

INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Management of Paychex, Inc. (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in “Internal Control — Integrated Framework” (2013). Based on our assessment, management determined that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016.

The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, is appointed by the Company’s Audit Committee. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP has audited the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016, and as a part of their integrated audit, has issued their report, included herein, on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.





 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM





To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Paychex, Inc.



In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, of stockholders’ equity, and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Paychex, Inc. and its subsidiaries at May 31, 2016 and May 31, 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended May 31, 2016 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.  In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index appearing under Item 8 presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements.  Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).  The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Report on Management’s Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting.  Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedule, and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits.  We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.  Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk.  Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.



A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.



Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.



/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP





Rochester, New York

 July 22, 2016