UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2009
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-16107
Mirant Corporation
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware | 20-3538156 | |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
1155 Perimeter Center West, Suite 100, | 30338 | |
Atlanta, Georgia | (Zip Code) | |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |
(678) 579-5000
(Registrants Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ¨ Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer |
x | Accelerated Filer | ¨ | |||||||
Non-accelerated Filer |
¨ | Smaller reporting company | ¨ |
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨ Yes x No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. x Yes ¨ No
The number of shares outstanding of the Registrants Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, at April 30, 2009, was 144,205,432.
Page | ||||
i - iv | ||||
3 | ||||
PART IFINANCIAL INFORMATION | ||||
Item 1. |
Interim Financial Statements (Unaudited): |
|||
6 | ||||
7 | ||||
8 | ||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
8 | |||
9 | ||||
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
10 | |||
Item 2. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition | 37 | ||
Item 3. |
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 58 | ||
Item 4. |
Controls and Procedures | 62 | ||
PART IIOTHER INFORMATION | ||||
Item 1. |
63 | |||
Item 1A. |
63 | |||
Item 2. |
64 | |||
Item 6. |
64 |
2
Glossary of Certain Defined Terms
APBAccounting Principles Board.
APB 28APB Opinion No. 28, Interim Financial Reporting.
APSAAsset Purchase and Sale Agreement dated June 7, 2000, between the Company and Pepco.
Bankruptcy CodeUnited States Bankruptcy Code.
Bankruptcy CourtUnited States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Texas, Fort Worth Division.
Baseload Generating UnitsUnits that satisfy minimum baseload requirements of the system and produce electricity at an essentially constant rate and run continuously.
CAIRClean Air Interstate Rule.
CAISOCalifornia Independent System Operator.
Cal PXCalifornia Power Exchange.
Clean Air ActFederal Clean Air Act.
Clean Water ActFederal Water Pollution Control Act.
CO2Carbon dioxide.
CompanyOld Mirant prior to January 3, 2006, and New Mirant on or after January 3, 2006.
CPUCCalifornia Public Utilities Commission.
DWRCalifornia Department of Water Resources.
EBITDAEarnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.
EOBCalifornia Electricity Oversight Board.
EPAUnited States Environmental Protection Agency.
EPSEarnings (loss) per share.
Exchange ActSecurities Exchange Act of 1934.
FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board.
FERCFederal Energy Regulatory Commission.
FINFASB Interpretation.
FIN 45FIN No. 45, Guarantors Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of OthersAn Interpretation of FASB Statements Nos. 5, 57, and 107 and Rescission of FASB Interpretation No. 34.
FIN 46RFIN No. 46R, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (revised December 2003)an Interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51.
FSPFASB Staff Position.
FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1FSP FAS No. 107-1 and APB Opinion No. 28-1, Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments.
FSP FAS 132R-1FSP FAS No. 132(R)-1, Employers Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets.
i
FSP FAS 157-2FSP FAS No. 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157.
FSP FAS 157-4FSP FAS No. 157-4, Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly.
GAAPUnited States generally accepted accounting principles.
Gross MarginOperating revenue less cost of fuel, electricity and other products, excluding depreciation and amortization.
Hudson Valley GasHudson Valley Gas Corporation.
Intermediate Generating UnitsUnits that meet system requirements that are greater than baseload and less than peaking.
ISOIndependent System Operator.
LIBORLondon InterBank Offered Rate.
MC Asset RecoveryMC Asset Recovery, LLC.
MDEMaryland Department of the Environment.
MirantOld Mirant prior to January 3, 2006, and New Mirant on or after January 3, 2006.
Mirant Americas Energy MarketingMirant Americas Energy Marketing, LP.
Mirant Americas GenerationMirant Americas Generation, LLC.
Mirant BowlineMirant Bowline, LLC.
Mirant Chalk PointMirant Chalk Point, LLC.
Mirant DeltaMirant Delta, LLC.
Mirant Energy TradingMirant Energy Trading, LLC.
Mirant LovettMirant Lovett, LLC, owner of the Lovett generating facility, which was shut down on April 19, 2008.
Mirant MD Ash ManagementMirant MD Ash Management, LLC.
Mirant Mid-AtlanticMirant Mid-Atlantic, LLC and, except where the context indicates otherwise, its subsidiaries.
Mirant New YorkMirant New York, LLC.
Mirant North AmericaMirant North America, LLC.
Mirant NY-GenMirant NY-Gen, LLC sold by the Company in the second quarter of 2007.
Mirant Potomac RiverMirant Potomac River, LLC.
MWMegawatt.
MWhMegawatt hour.
Net Capacity FactorThe average production as a percentage of the potential net dependable capacity used over a year.
New MirantMirant Corporation on or after January 3, 2006.
NOLNet operating loss.
ii
NOVNotice of violation.
NOxNitrogen oxides.
NSRNew source review.
NYMEXNew York Mercantile Exchange.
NYSDECNew York State Department of Environmental Conservation.
NYSENew York Stock Exchange.
Old MirantMC 2005, LLC, known as Mirant Corporation prior to January 3, 2006.
OTCOver-the-Counter.
Peaking Generating UnitsUnits used to meet demand requirements during the periods of greatest or peak load on the system.
PepcoPotomac Electric Power Company.
PG&EPacific Gas & Electric Company.
PJMPJM Interconnection, LLC.
PlanThe plan of reorganization that was approved in conjunction with the Companys emergence from bankruptcy protection on January 3, 2006.
Reserve MarginExcess capacity over peak demand.
RGGIRegional Greenhouse Gas Initiative.
RMRReliability-must-run.
RTORegional Transmission Organization.
SABSEC Staff Accounting Bulletin.
SAB 107SAB No. 107, Share-Based Payment.
SAB 110SAB No. 110, Share-Based Paymentan amendment of SAB No. 107.
Series A WarrantsWarrants issued on January 3, 2006, with an exercise price of $21.87 and expiration date of January 3, 2011.
Series B WarrantsWarrants issued on January 3, 2006, with an exercise price of $20.54 and expiration date of January 3, 2011.
SFASStatement of Financial Accounting Standards.
SFAS 5SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies.
SFAS 107SFAS No. 107, Disclosure about Fair Value of Financial Instruments.
SFAS 128SFAS No. 128, Earnings per Share.
SFAS 133SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (As Amended).
SFAS 141RSFAS No. 141R, Business Combinations (Revised 2007).
SFAS 157SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements.
SFAS 159SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial LiabilitiesIncluding an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115.
iii
SFAS 161SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging ActivitiesAn Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133.
SO2Sulfur dioxide.
VaRValue at risk.
VIEVariable interest entity.
Virginia DEQVirginia Department of Environmental Quality.
WrightsvilleWrightsville, Arkansas power generating facility sold by the Company in the third quarter of 2005.
iv
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
In addition to historical information, the information presented in this Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties and relate to future events, our future financial performance or our projected business results. In some cases, one can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as may, will, should, expect, intend, seek, plan, think, anticipate, estimate, predict, target, potential or continue or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology.
Forward-looking statements are only predictions. Actual events or results may differ materially from any forward-looking statement as a result of various factors, which include:
| legislative and regulatory initiatives regarding deregulation, regulation or restructuring of the industry of generating, transmitting and distributing electricity (the electricity industry); changes in state, federal and other regulations affecting the electricity industry (including rate and other regulations); changes in, or changes in the application of, environmental and other laws and regulations to which we and our subsidiaries and affiliates are or could become subject; |
| failure of our plants to perform as expected, including outages for unscheduled maintenance or repair; |
| environmental regulations that restrict our ability or render it uneconomic to operate our business, including regulations related to the emission of CO2 and other greenhouse gases; |
| increased regulation that limits our access to adequate water supplies and landfill options needed to support power generation or that increases the cost of cooling water, ash and other byproduct handling, transport, and off-site disposal options; |
| changes in market conditions, including developments in the supply, demand, volume and pricing of electricity and other commodities in the energy markets and the extent and timing of the entry of additional competition in our markets; |
| continued poor economic and financial market conditions, including impacts on financial institutions and other current and potential counterparties, and negative impacts on liquidity in the power and fuel markets in which we hedge and transact; |
| increased credit standards, margin requirements, market volatility or other market conditions that could increase our obligations to post collateral beyond amounts that are expected; |
| our inability to access effectively the OTC and exchange-based commodity markets or changes in commodity market conditions and liquidity, which may affect our ability to engage in asset management, proprietary trading and fuel oil management activities as expected, or result in material gains or losses from open positions; |
| deterioration in the financial condition of our counterparties and the failure of counterparties to pay amounts owed to us or to perform obligations or services due to us beyond collateral posted; |
| hazards customary to the power generation industry and the possibility that we may not have adequate insurance to cover losses resulting from such hazards or the inability of our insurers to provide agreed upon coverage; |
| price mitigation strategies employed by ISOs or RTOs that reduce our revenue and may result in a failure to compensate our generating units adequately for all of their costs; |
3
| changes in the rules used to calculate capacity, energy and ancillary services payments; |
| legal and political challenges to the rules used to calculate capacity, energy and ancillary services payments in the markets in which we operate; |
| volatility in our gross margin as a result of our accounting for derivative financial instruments used in our asset management, proprietary trading and fuel oil management activities and volatility in our cash flow from operations resulting from working capital requirements, including collateral, to support our asset management, proprietary trading and fuel oil management activities; |
| our ability to enter into intermediate and long-term contracts to sell power and to obtain adequate supply and delivery of fuel for our facilities, at our required specifications and on terms and prices acceptable to us; |
| the failure to utilize new or advancements in power generation technologies; |
| the inability of our operating subsidiaries to generate sufficient cash flow to support our operations; |
| the potential limitation or loss of our NOLs notwithstanding the implementation of a stockholder rights plan; |
| our ability to borrow additional funds and access capital markets; |
| strikes, union activity or labor unrest; |
| our ability to obtain or develop capable leaders and our ability to retain or replace the services of key employees; |
| weather and other natural phenomena, including hurricanes and earthquakes; |
| the cost and availability of emissions allowances; |
| curtailment of operations because of transmission constraints; |
| our inability to complete construction and obtain permits necessary to operate emissions reduction equipment by January 2010 to meet the requirements of the Maryland Healthy Air Act, which may result in reduced unit operations and reduced cash flows and revenues from operations; |
| our ability to execute our business plan in California, including entering into long-term power sales agreements for new generating facilities at our existing sites and entering into new tolling arrangements for our existing generating facilities; |
| our relative lack of geographic diversification in revenue sources resulting in concentrated exposure to the Mid-Atlantic market; |
| the ability of lenders under Mirant North Americas revolving credit facility to perform their obligations; |
| war, terrorist activities, cyberterrorism and inadequate cybersecurity, or the occurrence of a catastrophic loss; |
| the failure to provide a safe working environment for our employees and visitors thereby increasing our exposure to additional liability, loss of productive time, other costs, and a damaged reputation; |
| our consolidated indebtedness and the possibility that we or our subsidiaries may incur additional indebtedness in the future; |
4
| restrictions on the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends, make distributions or otherwise transfer funds to us, including restrictions on Mirant North America contained in its financing agreements and restrictions on Mirant Mid-Atlantic contained in its leveraged lease documents, which may affect our ability to access the cash flows of those subsidiaries to make debt service and other payments; |
| the failure to understand, comply with, or monitor provisions of our loan agreements and debt may lead to a breach and, if not remedied, result in an event of default thereunder, which would limit access to needed capital and damage our reputation and relationships with financial institutions; and |
| the disposition of the pending litigation described in this Form 10-Q. |
Many of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions are beyond our ability to control or predict. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by cautionary statements contained throughout this report. Because of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Furthermore, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made.
Factors that Could Affect Future Performance
We undertake no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that may arise after the date of this report.
In addition to the discussion of certain risks in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition and the accompanying Notes to Mirants unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, other factors that could affect our future performance (business, results of operations or financial condition and cash flows) are set forth in our 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors in this Form 10-Q.
Certain Terms
As used in this report, we, us, our, the Company and Mirant refer to Mirant Corporation and its subsidiaries, unless the context requires otherwise. Also, as used in this report we, us, our, the Company and Mirant refer to Old Mirant prior to January 3, 2006, and to New Mirant on or after January 3, 2006.
5
MIRANT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2009 | 2008 | |||||||
(in millions, except per share data) |
||||||||
Operating revenues (including unrealized gains (losses) of $255 million and $(302) million, respectively) |
$ | 878 | $ | 302 | ||||
Cost of fuel, electricity and other products (including unrealized losses of $1 million and $1 million, respectively) |
271 | 240 | ||||||
Gross Margin (excluding depreciation and amortization) |
607 | 62 | ||||||
Operating Expenses: |
||||||||
Operations and maintenance |
162 | 166 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
36 | 33 | ||||||
Gain on sales of assets, net |
(15 | ) | (4 | ) | ||||
Total operating expenses |
183 | 195 | ||||||
Operating Income (Loss) |
424 | (133 | ) | |||||
Other Expense (Income), net: |
||||||||
Interest expense |
38 | 52 | ||||||
Interest income |
(2 | ) | (32 | ) | ||||
Other, net |
| 1 | ||||||
Total other expense, net |
36 | 21 | ||||||
Income (Loss) From Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes |
388 | (154 | ) | |||||
Provision for income taxes |
8 | | ||||||
Income (Loss) From Continuing Operations |
380 | (154 | ) | |||||
Income From Discontinued Operations, net |
| 2 | ||||||
Net Income (Loss) |
$ | 380 | $ | (152 | ) | |||
Basic EPS: |
||||||||
Basic EPS from continuing operations |
$ | 2.62 | $ | (0.71 | ) | |||
Basic EPS from discontinued operations |
| 0.01 | ||||||
Basic EPS |
$ | 2.62 | $ | (0.70 | ) | |||
Diluted EPS: |
||||||||
Diluted EPS from continuing operations |
$ | 2.62 | $ | (0.71 | ) | |||
Diluted EPS from discontinued operations |
| 0.01 | ||||||
Diluted EPS |
$ | 2.62 | $ | (0.70 | ) | |||
Weighted average shares outstanding |
145 | 216 | ||||||
Effect of dilutive securities |
| | ||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding assuming dilution |
145 | 216 | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
MIRANT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
At March 31, 2009 |
At December 31, 2008 |
|||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Current Assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 1,905 | $ | 1,831 | ||||
Funds on deposit |
210 | 204 | ||||||
Receivables, net |
531 | 761 | ||||||
Derivative contract assets |
3,249 | 2,582 | ||||||
Inventories |
257 | 238 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses |
131 | 132 | ||||||
Total current assets |
6,283 | 5,748 | ||||||
Property, Plant and Equipment, net |
3,384 | 3,215 | ||||||
Noncurrent Assets: |
||||||||
Intangible assets, net |
194 | 196 | ||||||
Derivative contract assets |
866 | 585 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
620 | 565 | ||||||
Prepaid rent |
234 | 258 | ||||||
Other |
107 | 121 | ||||||
Total noncurrent assets |
2,021 | 1,725 | ||||||
Total Assets |
$ | 11,688 | $ | 10,688 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY |
||||||||
Current Liabilities: |
||||||||
Current portion of long-term debt |
$ | 44 | $ | 46 | ||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
789 | 894 | ||||||
Derivative contract liabilities |
2,772 | 2,268 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
620 | 565 | ||||||
Other |
12 | 11 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
4,237 | 3,784 | ||||||
Noncurrent Liabilities: |
||||||||
Long-term debt, net of current portion |
2,593 | 2,630 | ||||||
Derivative contract liabilities |
431 | 244 | ||||||
Asset retirement obligations |
40 | 40 | ||||||
Pension and postretirement obligations |
150 | 148 | ||||||
Other |
92 | 80 | ||||||
Total noncurrent liabilities |
3,306 | 3,142 | ||||||
Commitments and Contingencies |
||||||||
Stockholders Equity: |
||||||||
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, authorized 100,000,000 shares, no shares issued at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008 |
| | ||||||
Common stock, par value $.01 per share, authorized 1.5 billion shares, issued 311,005,575 and 310,666,240 at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively, and outstanding 144,912,933 shares and 144,629,446 at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively |
3 | 3 | ||||||
Treasury stock, at cost, 166,092,642 shares and 166,036,794 shares at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively |
(5,331 | ) | (5,330 | ) | ||||
Additional paid-in capital |
11,406 | 11,401 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(1,842 | ) | (2,222 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
(91 | ) | (90 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders equity |
4,145 | 3,762 | ||||||
Total Liabilities and Stockholders Equity |
$ | 11,688 | $ | 10,688 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
7
MIRANT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
Common Stock |
Treasury Stock |
Additional Paid-In Capital |
Accumulated Deficit |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
||||||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2008 |
$ | 3 | $ | (5,330 | ) | $ | 11,401 | $ | (2,222 | ) | $ | (90 | ) | |||||
Net income |
| | | 380 | | |||||||||||||
Share repurchases |
| (1 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
| | 5 | | | |||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss |
| | | | (1 | ) | ||||||||||||
Balance, March 31, 2009 |
$ | 3 | $ | (5,331 | ) | $ | 11,406 | $ | (1,842 | ) | $ | (91 | ) | |||||
MIRANT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2009 | 2008 | |||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||
Net Income (Loss) |
$ | 380 | $ | (152 | ) | |||
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |
||||||||
Amortization of pension and post-retirement benefits |
(1 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |
(1 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||
Total Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
$ | 379 | $ | (153 | ) | |||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
8
MIRANT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2009 | 2008 | |||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |
||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 380 | $ | (152 | ) | |||
Income from discontinued operations |
| 2 | ||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
380 | (154 | ) | |||||
Adjustments to reconcile income (loss) from continuing operations and changes in working capital to net cash provided by operating activities: |
||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
37 | 34 | ||||||
Gain on sales of assets |
(15 | ) | (4 | ) | ||||
Derivative contract activities, net |
(254 | ) | 303 | |||||
Stock-based compensation |
5 | 7 | ||||||
Lower of cost or market inventory adjustments |
10 | 1 | ||||||
Funds on deposit |
(3 | ) | (43 | ) | ||||
Changes in other working capital |
107 | 105 | ||||||
Total adjustments |
(113 | ) | 403 | |||||
Net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations |
267 | 249 | ||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities of discontinued operations |
2 | 3 | ||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
269 | 252 | ||||||
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: |
||||||||
Capital expenditures |
(171 | ) | (146 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from the sales of assets |
15 | 4 | ||||||
Other |
1 | 1 | ||||||
Net cash used in investing activities of continuing operations |
(155 | ) | (141 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by investing activities of discontinued operations |
| 16 | ||||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(155 | ) | (125 | ) | ||||
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: |
||||||||
Share repurchases |
(1 | ) | (412 | ) | ||||
Repayments and purchases of long-term debt |
(39 | ) | (163 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from exercises of stock options and warrants |
| 4 | ||||||
Net cash used in financing activities of continuing operations |
(40 | ) | (571 | ) | ||||
Net cash used in financing activities of discontinued operations. |
| | ||||||
Net cash used in financing activities |
(40 | ) | (571 | ) | ||||
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents |
74 | (444 | ) | |||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents, beginning of period |
1,831 | 4,961 | ||||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents, end of period |
$ | 1,905 | $ | 4,517 | ||||
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures: |
||||||||
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized |
$ | 1 | $ | 6 | ||||
Cash paid for claims and professional fees from bankruptcy |
$ | 1 | $ | 4 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
9
MIRANT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
A. Description of Business
Mirant is a competitive energy company that produces and sells electricity in the United States. The Company owns or leases 10,112 MW of net electric generating capacity in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast regions and in California. Mirant also operates an integrated asset management and energy marketing organization based in Atlanta, Georgia.
B. Accounting and Reporting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Mirant and its wholly-owned subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Companys 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Mirant and its wholly-owned and controlled majority-owned subsidiaries as well as a VIE in which Mirant has an interest and is the primary beneficiary. The financial statements have been prepared from records maintained by Mirant and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. As of March 31, 2009, substantially all of Mirants subsidiaries are wholly-owned and located in the United States. The Companys obligations to MC Asset Recovery result in its treatment as a VIE in which Mirant is the primary beneficiary as defined in FIN 46R. The entity, therefore, is included in the Companys unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. See Note I for further discussion of MC Asset Recovery.
The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make various estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period financial statement presentation.
In preparing the Companys unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2009, the Company discovered that the amounts previously disclosed for the three months ended March 31, 2008, for cash paid for interest and cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized were each overstated by approximately $3 million. These misstatements had no effect on the Companys cash and cash equivalents, net loss or stockholders equity. The Capitalization of Interest Cost discussed later in this Note B and supplemental cash flow disclosures for the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2008, have been adjusted to reflect the immaterial correction of these misstatements.
10
Inventories
Inventories consist primarily of fuel oil, coal, materials and supplies and purchased emissions allowances. Inventory is generally stated at the lower of cost or market value. Fuel stock is removed from the inventory account as it is used in the production of electricity. Materials and supplies are removed from the inventory account when they are used for repairs, maintenance or capital projects on a weighted average cost basis. The cost of purchased emissions allowances is also computed on a weighted average cost basis. Purchased emissions allowances are removed from inventory and charged to cost of fuel, electricity and other products in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations as they are utilized for emissions volumes.
Inventories at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, consisted of (in millions):
At March 31, 2009 |
At December 31, 2008 | |||||
Fuel stock: |
||||||
Fuel oil |
$ | 117 | $ | 113 | ||
Coal |
56 | 43 | ||||
Other |
1 | 1 | ||||
Materials and supplies |
64 | 63 | ||||
Purchased emissions allowances |
19 | 18 | ||||
Total inventories |
$ | 257 | $ | 238 | ||
Capitalization of Interest Cost
Mirant capitalizes interest on projects during their construction period. The Company determines which debt instruments represent a reasonable measure of the cost of financing construction in terms of interest costs incurred that otherwise could have been avoided. These debt instruments and associated interest costs are included in the calculation of the weighted average interest rate used for determining the capitalization rate. Once a project is placed in service, capitalized interest, as a component of the total cost of the construction, is amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset constructed. For the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, the Company incurred the following interest costs (in millions):
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2009 | 2008 | |||||||
Total interest costs |
$ | 53 | $ | 63 | ||||
Capitalized and included in property, plant and equipment, net |
(15 | ) | (11 | ) | ||||
Interest expense |
$ | 38 | $ | 52 | ||||
The amounts of capitalized interest above include interest accrued. For the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, cash paid for interest was $3 million and $9 million, respectively, of which $2 million and $3 million, respectively, were capitalized.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 141R, which requires an acquirer to recognize the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at their acquisition-date fair values. SFAS 141R also requires disclosure of information necessary for investors and other users to evaluate and understand the nature and financial effect of the
11
business combination. Additionally, SFAS 141R requires that acquisition-related costs be expensed as incurred. The provisions of SFAS 141R became effective for acquisitions completed on or after January 1, 2009; however, the income tax considerations included in SFAS 141R were effective as of that date for all acquisitions, regardless of the acquisition date. The Company adopted SFAS 141R on January 1, 2009. The adoption of SFAS 141R had no effect on the Companys statements of operations, financial position or cash flows.
On February 12, 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-2, which defers the effective date of SFAS 157 for one year for certain nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, with the exception of those assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed on a recurring basis (at least annually). The Companys non-recurring nonfinancial assets and liabilities that could be measured at fair value in the Companys unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include long-lived asset impairments and the initial recognition of asset retirement obligations. The Company adopted FSP FAS 157-2 on January 1, 2009, and the adoption had no effect on the Companys statements of operations, financial position or cash flows. The Company will incorporate the recognition and disclosure provisions of SFAS 157 when required for fair value measurements for non-recurring nonfinancial assets and liabilities. The Company did not have any events during the three months ended March 31, 2009, that required a fair value measurement for non-recurring nonfinancial assets or liabilities.
On March 19, 2008, the FASB issued SFAS 161, which amends SFAS 133 to enhance the required disclosures for derivative instruments and hedging activities. The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to commodity price risks and for its proprietary trading and fuel oil management activities. The Company adopted SFAS 161 on January 1, 2009.
New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted at March 31, 2009
On December 30, 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 132R-1, which requires enhanced disclosures about plan assets of an employers defined benefit pension or other postretirement plan. FSP FAS 132R-1 will require additional information on how the fair value of plan assets is measured, including a reconciliation of beginning and ending balances for Level 3 inputs and the valuation techniques used to measure fair value. FSP FAS 132R-1 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2009. The Company will adopt FSP FAS 132R-1 for its defined benefit and other postretirement plan disclosures in its Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effect of adopting FSP FAS 132R-1 on its disclosures in the Companys consolidated financial statements.
On April 9, 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1, which amended SFAS 107 and APB 28 to require disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments in interim financial statements. FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1 are effective for interim periods ending after June 15, 2009. The Company will adopt FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1 for its disclosures of the fair value of financial instruments in its Form 10-Q for the quarter ending June 30, 2009.
On April 9, 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-4, which amended SFAS 157 to provide additional guidance on determining whether a market for a financial asset is not active and a transaction is not distressed for fair value measurements. Under distressed market conditions, the Company needs to weigh all available evidence in determining whether a transaction occurred in an orderly market. The adoption of this FSP will require additional judgment by the Company when determining the fair value of derivative contracts in the current economic environment. FSP FAS 157-4 is effective for interim periods ending after June 15, 2009. The Company will adopt FSP FAS 157-4 for its fair value measurements in its Form 10-Q for the quarter ending June 30, 2009. The Company does not expect the adoption to have a material effect on the Companys unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
12
C. Financial Instruments
Derivative Financial Instruments
In connection with generating electricity, the Company is exposed to energy commodity price risk associated with the acquisition of fuel needed to generate electricity, the price of electricity produced and sold, and the fair value of fuel inventories. In addition, the open positions in the Companys trading activities, comprised of proprietary trading and fuel oil management activities, expose it to risks associated with changes in energy commodity prices. The Company, through its asset management activities, enters into a variety of exchange-traded and OTC energy and energy-related derivative financial instruments, such as forward contracts, futures contracts, option contracts and financial swap agreements to manage exposure to commodity price risks. These contracts have varying terms and durations, which range from a few days to years, depending on the instrument. The Companys proprietary trading activities also utilize similar derivative contracts in markets where the Company has a physical presence to attempt to generate incremental gross margin. The Companys fuel oil management activities use derivative financial instruments to hedge economically the fair value of the Companys physical fuel oil inventories and to optimize the approximately three million barrels of storage capacity that the Company owns or leases.
Changes in the fair value and settlements of derivative financial instruments used to hedge electricity economically are reflected in operating revenue, and changes in the fair value and settlements of derivative financial instruments used to hedge fuel economically are reflected in cost of fuel, electricity and other products in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Most of the Companys long-term coal agreements are not required to be recorded at fair value under SFAS 133. As such, these contracts are not included in derivative contract assets and liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value and settlements of derivative contracts for trading activities, comprised of proprietary trading and fuel oil management, are recorded on a net basis as operating revenue in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2009, the Company does not have any derivative financial instruments for which hedge accounting, as defined by SFAS 133, has been elected.
The Company also considers risks associated with interest rates, counterparty credit and Mirants non-performance risk when valuing its derivative financial instruments. The nominal value of the derivative contract assets and liabilities is discounted to account for time value using a LIBOR forward interest rate curve based on the tenor of the Companys transactions being valued.
13
The following table presents the fair value of derivative financial instruments related to commodity price risk at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively (in millions):
Fair Value at | ||||||||||
Balance Sheet Location | March 31, 2009 |
December 31, 2008 |
||||||||
Commodity Derivative Contracts: |
||||||||||
Asset management |
Derivative contract assets | $ | 1,899 | $ | 1,285 | |||||
Trading activities |
Derivative contract assets | 2,216 | 1,882 | |||||||
Total derivative contract assets |
4,115 | 3,167 | ||||||||
Asset management |
Derivative contract liabilities | (1,070 | ) | (736 | ) | |||||
Trading activities |
Derivative contract liabilities | (2,133 | ) | (1,776 | ) | |||||
Total derivative contract liabilities |
(3,203 | ) | (2,512 | ) | ||||||
Asset management, net |
829 | 549 | ||||||||
Trading activities, net |
83 | 106 | ||||||||
Total derivative contracts, net |
$ | 912 | $ | 655 | ||||||
The following tables present the net gains (losses) for derivative financial instruments recognized in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively (in millions):
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income | Amount of Net Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2009 |
|||||||||||||
Realized | Unrealized | Total | ||||||||||||
Commodity Derivative |
||||||||||||||
Asset management |
Operating revenues | $ | 136 | $ | 270 | $ | 406 | |||||||
Trading activities |
Operating revenues | 28 | (15 | ) | 13 | |||||||||
Asset management |
Cost of fuel, electricity and other products | (16 | ) | (1 | ) | (17 | ) | |||||||
Total |
$ | 148 | $ | 254 | $ | 402 | ||||||||
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income | Amount of Net Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 |
|||||||||||||
Realized | Unrealized | Total | ||||||||||||
Commodity Derivative |
||||||||||||||
Asset management |
Operating revenues | $ | (16 | ) | $ | (308 | ) | $ | (324 | ) | ||||
Trading activities |
Operating revenues | (4 | ) | 6 | 2 | |||||||||
Asset management |
Cost of fuel, electricity and other products | 9 | (1 | ) | 8 | |||||||||
Total |
$ | (11 | ) | $ | (303 | ) | $ | (314 | ) | |||||
14
The following table presents the notional quantity on long (short) positions for derivative financial instruments on a gross and net basis at March 31, 2009 (in equivalent MWh):
Notional Quantity (MWh) | |||||||||
Derivative Contract Assets |
Derivative Contract Liabilities |
Net Derivative Contracts |
|||||||
(in millions) | |||||||||
Commodity Type: |
|||||||||
Power1 |
(152 | ) | 108 | (44 | ) | ||||
Natural gas |
(49 | ) | 49 | | |||||
Fuel oil |
1 | (1 | ) | | |||||
Coal |
(1 | ) | 1 | | |||||
Total |
(201 | ) | 157 | (44 | ) | ||||
1 |
Includes MWh equivalent of natural gas transactions used to hedge power. |
Fair Value Hierarchy
Based on the observability of the inputs used in the valuation techniques for fair value measurement, the Company is required to classify recorded fair value measurements according to the fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). The fair value measurement inputs the Company uses vary from readily observable prices for exchange-traded instruments to price curves that cannot be validated through external pricing sources. The Companys financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value in the consolidated financial statements are classified in three categories based on the inputs used.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls must be determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Companys assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and consideration of factors specific to the asset or liability.
The following tables set forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the Companys financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2009, by category and tenor, respectively. At March 31, 2009, the Companys only financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are derivative financial instruments.
15
The following table presents financial assets and liabilities, net accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2009, by category (in millions):
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |
Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Total | |||||||||||||
Assets: |
||||||||||||||||
Commodity contractsasset management |
$ | 9 | $ | 1,850 | $ | 40 | $ | 1,899 | ||||||||
Commodity contractstrading activities |
803 | 1,371 | 42 | 2,216 | ||||||||||||
Total derivative contract assets |
812 | 3,221 | 82 | 4,115 | ||||||||||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||
Commodity contractsasset management |
(41 | ) | (1,028 | ) | (1 | ) | (1,070 | ) | ||||||||
Commodity contractstrading activities |
(798 | ) | (1,326 | ) | (9 | ) | (2,133 | ) | ||||||||
Total derivative contract liabilities |
(839 | ) | (2,354 | ) | (10 | ) | (3,203 | ) | ||||||||
Net: |
||||||||||||||||
Commodity contractsasset management, net |
(32 | ) | 822 | 39 | 829 | |||||||||||
Commodity contractstrading activities, net |
5 | 45 | 33 | 83 | ||||||||||||
Total derivative contract assets and liabilities, net |
$ | (27 | ) | $ | 867 | $ | 72 | $ | 912 | |||||||
The following table presents financial assets and liabilities, net accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2008, by category (in millions):
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |
Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Total | |||||||||||||
Assets: |
||||||||||||||||
Commodity contractsasset management |
$ | 5 | $ | 1,256 | $ | 24 | $ | 1,285 | ||||||||
Commodity contractstrading activities |
540 | 1,319 | 23 | 1,882 | ||||||||||||
Total derivative contract assets |
545 | 2,575 | 47 | 3,167 | ||||||||||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||
Commodity contractsasset management |
(22 | ) | (714 | ) | | (736 | ) | |||||||||
Commodity contractstrading activities |
(539 | ) | (1,236 | ) | (1 | ) | (1,776 | ) | ||||||||
Total derivative contract liabilities |
(561 | ) | (1,950 | ) | (1 | ) | (2,512 | ) | ||||||||
Net: |
||||||||||||||||
Commodity contractsasset management, net |
(17 | ) | 542 | 24 | 549 | |||||||||||
Commodity contractstrading activities, net |
1 | 83 | 22 | 106 | ||||||||||||
Total derivative contract assets and liabilities, net |
$ | (16 | ) | $ | 625 | $ | 46 | $ | 655 | |||||||
16
The following table presents financial assets and liabilities, net accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2009, by tenor (in millions):
Commodity Contracts | ||||||||||
Asset Management |
Trading Activities |
Total | ||||||||
2009 |
$ | 343 | $ | 69 | $ | 412 | ||||
2010 |
195 | 15 | 210 | |||||||
2011 |
57 | (1 | ) | 56 | ||||||
2012 |
47 | | 47 | |||||||
2013 |
90 | | 90 | |||||||
Thereafter |
97 | | 97 | |||||||
Total |
$ | 829 | $ | 83 | $ | 912 | ||||
The volumetric weighted average maturity, or weighted average tenor, of the asset management derivative contract portfolio at both March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, was approximately 23 months. The volumetric weighted average maturity, or weighted average tenor, of the trading derivative contract portfolio at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, was approximately 11 months and 8 months, respectively.
17
Level 3 Disclosures
The following tables present a roll forward of fair values of assets and liabilities, net categorized in Level 3 and the amount included in earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 (in millions):
Commodity Contracts | |||||||||
Asset Management |
Trading Activities |
Total | |||||||
Fair value of assets and liabilities categorized in Level 3 at January 1, 2009 |
$ | 24 | $ | 22 | $ | 46 | |||
Total gains (realized/unrealized): |
|||||||||
Included in earnings of existing contracts (or changes in net assets or liabilities)1 |
6 | 2 | 8 | ||||||
Purchases, issuances and settlements2 |
9 | 9 | 18 | ||||||
Transfers in and/or out of Level 33 |
| | | ||||||
Fair value of assets and liabilities categorized in Level 3 at March 31, 2009 |
$ | 39 | $ | 33 | $ | 72 | |||
Commodity Contracts | ||||||||||||
Asset Management |
Trading Activities |
Total | ||||||||||
Fair value of assets and liabilities categorized in Level 3 at January 1, 2008 |
$ | 12 | $ | | $ | 12 | ||||||
Total losses (realized/unrealized): |
||||||||||||
Included in earnings of existing contracts (or changes in net assets or liabilities)1 |
(5 | ) | (21 | ) | (26 | ) | ||||||
Purchases, issuances and settlements2 |
3 | 1 | 4 | |||||||||
Transfers in and/or out of Level 33 |
(1 | ) | 19 | 18 | ||||||||
Fair value of assets and liabilities categorized in Level 3 at March 31, 2008 |
$ | 9 | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 8 | |||||
1 |
Reflects the total gains or losses on contracts included in Level 3 at the beginning of each quarterly reporting period and at the end of each quarterly reporting period, and contracts entered into during each quarterly reporting period that remain at the end of each quarterly reporting period. |
2 |
Represents the total cash settlements of contracts during each quarterly reporting period that existed at the beginning of each quarterly reporting period. |
3 |
Denotes the total contracts that existed at the beginning of each quarterly reporting period and were still held at the end of each quarterly reporting period that were either previously categorized as a higher level for which the inputs to the model became unobservable or assets and liabilities that were previously classified as Level 3 for which the lowest significant input became observable during each quarterly reporting period. Amounts reflect fair value as of the end of each quarterly reporting period. |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2009 | |||||||||
Operating Revenues |
Cost of Fuel |
Total | |||||||
Gains included in earnings |
$ | 26 | $ | | $ | 26 | |||
Gains included in earnings (or changes in net assets) attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at March 31, 2009 |
$ | 28 | $ | | $ | 28 |
18
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 |
||||||||||||
Operating Revenues |
Cost of Fuel |
Total | ||||||||||
Losses included in earnings |
$ | (1 | ) | $ | (3 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | |||
Gains included in earnings (or changes in net assets) attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at March 31, 2008 |
$ | | $ | 2 | $ | 2 |
Counterparty Credit Concentration Risk
The Company is exposed to the default risk of the counterparties with which the Company transacts. The Company manages its credit risk by entering into master netting agreements and requiring counterparties to post cash collateral or other credit enhancements based on the net exposure and the credit standing of the counterparty. The Company also has non-collateralized power hedges entered into by Mirant Mid-Atlantic. These transactions are senior unsecured obligations of Mirant Mid-Atlantic and the counterparties and do not require either party to post cash collateral for initial margin or for securing exposure as a result of changes in power or natural gas prices. The Company considers these exposures when measuring its credit reserve on its derivative contract assets, which was $59 million and $52 million at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
At March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, approximately $37 million and $20 million, respectively, of cash collateral posted to the Company by counterparties under master netting agreements were included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company also monitors counterparty credit concentration risk on both an individual basis and a group counterparty basis. The following tables highlight the credit quality and the balance sheet settlement exposures related to these activities as of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008 (dollars in millions):
At March 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||||
Credit Rating Equivalent |
Gross Exposure Before Collateral1 |
Net Exposure Before Collateral2 |
Collateral3 | Exposure Net of Collateral |
% of Net Exposure |
||||||||||
Clearing and Exchange |
$ | 1,911 | $ | 145 | $ | 145 | $ | | | ||||||
Investment Grade: |
|||||||||||||||
Financial institutions |
1,610 | 757 | 31 | 726 | 81 | % | |||||||||
Energy companies |
983 | 233 | 86 | 147 | 17 | % | |||||||||
Other |
| | | | | ||||||||||
Non-investment Grade: |
|||||||||||||||
Financial institutions |
| | | | | ||||||||||
Energy companies |
| | | | | ||||||||||
Other |
| | | | | ||||||||||
No External Ratings: |
|||||||||||||||
Internally-rated investment grade |
27 | 17 | | 17 | 2 | % | |||||||||
Internally-rated non-investment grade |
1 | 1 | | 1 | | ||||||||||
Not internally rated |
| | | | | ||||||||||
Total |
$ | 4,532 | $ | 1,153 | $ | 262 | $ | 891 | 100 | % | |||||
19
At December 31, 2008 | |||||||||||||||
Credit Rating Equivalent |
Gross Exposure Before Collateral1 |
Net Exposure Before Collateral2 |
Collateral3 | Exposure Net of Collateral |
% of Net Exposure |
||||||||||
Clearing and Exchange |
$ | 1,428 | $ | 107 | $ | 107 | $ | | | ||||||
Investment Grade: |
|||||||||||||||
Financial institutions |
1,219 | 553 | 20 | 533 | 72 | % | |||||||||
Energy companies |
1,060 | 232 | 73 | 159 | 22 | % | |||||||||
Other |
| | | | | ||||||||||
Non-investment Grade: |
|||||||||||||||
Financial institutions |
| | | | | ||||||||||
Energy companies |
| | | | | ||||||||||
Other |
| | | | | ||||||||||
No External Ratings: |
|||||||||||||||
Internally-rated investment grade |
41 | 41 | | 41 | 6 | % | |||||||||
Internally-rated non-investment grade |
4 | 4 | | 4 | | ||||||||||
Not internally rated |
| | | | | ||||||||||
Total |
$ | 3,752 | $ | 937 | $ | 200 | $ | 737 | 100 | % | |||||
1 |
Gross exposure before collateral represents credit exposure, including realized and unrealized transactions, before applying the terms of master netting agreements with counterparties and netting of transactions with clearing brokers and exchanges. The table excludes amounts related to contracts classified as normal purchases/normal sales and non-derivative contractual commitments that are not recorded at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, except for any related accounts receivable. Such contractual commitments contain credit and economic risk if a counterparty does not perform. Non-performance could have a material adverse impact on the future results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. |
2 |
Net exposure before collateral represents the credit exposure, including both realized and unrealized transactions, after applying the terms of master netting agreements. |
3 |
Collateral includes cash and letters of credit received from counterparties. |
The Company had credit exposure to three investment grade counterparties that each represented an exposure of more than 10% of total credit exposure, net of collateral. The aggregate credit exposure, net of collateral, to such counterparties was $573 million and $491 million at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
Mirant Credit Risk
The Companys standard industry contracts contain credit-risk-related contingent features such as ratings-related thresholds and adequate assurance language whereby the Company would be required to post additional cash collateral as a result of a credit event, including a downgrade. However, as a result of the Companys current credit rating, the Company is typically required to post collateral in the normal course of business to offset completely its net liability positions. At March 31, 2009, the fair value of the Companys financial instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features in a net liability position was approximately $12 million for which the Company posted collateral, including cash and letters of credit, of $12 million to offset the position.
In addition, at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the Company had approximately $2 million and $1 million, respectively, of cash collateral posted with counterparties under master netting agreements that was included in funds on deposit on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
20
D. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, was as follows (in millions):
At March 31, 2009 |
At December 31, 2008 |
Interest Rate | Secured/ Unsecured | |||||||||
Long-term debt: |
||||||||||||
Mirant Americas Generation: |
||||||||||||
Senior notes: |
||||||||||||
Due 2011 |
$ | 535 | $ | 535 | 8.30% | Unsecured | ||||||
Due 2021 |
450 | 450 | 8.50% | Unsecured | ||||||||
Due 2031 |
400 | 400 | 9.125% | Unsecured | ||||||||
Unamortized debt premium/discount |
(3 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||||||
Mirant North America: |
||||||||||||
Senior secured term loan, due 2009 to 2013 |
377 | 415 | LIBOR + 1.75% | Secured | ||||||||
Senior notes, due 2013. |
850 | 850 | 7.375% | Unsecured | ||||||||
Capital leases, due 2009 to 2015 |
28 | 29 | 7.375% - 8.19% | |||||||||
Total |
2,637 | 2,676 | ||||||||||
Less: current portion of long-term debt |
(44 | ) | (46 | ) | ||||||||
Total long-term debt, excluding current portion |
$ | 2,593 | $ | 2,630 | ||||||||
Mirant Americas Generation Senior Notes
The senior notes are senior unsecured obligations of Mirant Americas Generation having no recourse to any subsidiary or affiliate of Mirant Americas Generation.
Mirant North America Senior Secured Credit Facilities
Mirant North America, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mirant Americas Generation, entered into senior secured credit facilities in January 2006, which are comprised of a senior secured term loan and a senior secured revolving credit facility. The senior secured term loan had an initial principal balance of $700 million, which has amortized to $377 million as of March 31, 2009. At the closing, $200 million drawn under the senior secured term loan was deposited into a cash collateral account to support the issuance of up to $200 million of letters of credit. Although the senior secured revolving credit facility has lender commitments of $800 million, availability thereunder reflects a $45 million reduction as a result of the expectation that Lehman Commercial Paper, Inc., which filed for bankruptcy in October 2008, will not honor its $45 million commitment under the facility. During 2008, Mirant North America transferred to the senior secured revolving credit facility approximately $78 million of letters of credit previously supported by the cash collateral account and withdrew approximately $78 million from the cash collateral account, thereby reducing the cash collateral account to approximately $122 million. At March 31, 2009, the cash collateral balance was approximately $123 million as a result of interest earned on the invested cash balances. At March 31, 2009, there were approximately $158 million of letters of credit outstanding under the senior secured revolving credit facility and $122 million of letters of credit outstanding under the senior secured term loan cash collateral account. At March 31, 2009, a total of $598 million was available under the senior secured revolving credit facility and the senior secured term loan for cash draws or for the issuance of letters of credit.
21
In addition to quarterly principal installments of $1.2 million, Mirant North America is required to make annual principal prepayments under the senior secured term loan equal to a specified percentage of its excess free cash flow, which is based on adjusted EBITDA less capital expenditures and as further defined in the loan agreement. On March 19, 2009, Mirant North America made a mandatory principal prepayment of approximately $37 million on the term loan. At March 31, 2009, the current estimate of the mandatory principal prepayment of the term loan in March 2010 is approximately $35 million. This amount has been reclassified from long-term debt to current portion of long-term debt at March 31, 2009.
The senior secured credit facilities are senior secured obligations of Mirant North America. In addition, certain subsidiaries of Mirant North America (not including Mirant Mid-Atlantic or Mirant Energy Trading) have jointly and severally guaranteed, as senior secured obligations, the senior secured credit facilities. The senior secured credit facilities have no recourse to any other Mirant entities.
Mirant North America Senior Notes
The senior notes due in 2013 are senior unsecured obligations of Mirant North America. In addition, certain subsidiaries of Mirant North America (not including Mirant Mid-Atlantic or Mirant Energy Trading) have jointly and severally guaranteed, as senior unsecured obligations, the senior notes. The Mirant North America senior notes have no recourse to any other Mirant entities, including Mirant Americas Generation.
E. Guarantees and Letters of Credit
Mirant generally conducts its business through various operating subsidiaries, which enter into contracts as a routine part of their business activities. In certain instances, the contractual obligations of such subsidiaries are guaranteed by, or otherwise supported by, Mirant or another of its subsidiaries, including expressed guarantees or letters of credit issued under the credit facilities of Mirant North America.
In addition, Mirant and its subsidiaries enter into various contracts that include indemnification and guarantee provisions. Examples of these contracts include financing and lease arrangements, purchase and sale agreements, commodity purchase and sale agreements, construction agreements and agreements with vendors. Although the primary obligation of Mirant or a subsidiary under such contracts is to pay money or render performance, such contracts may include obligations to indemnify the counterparty for damages arising from the breach thereof and, in certain instances, other existing or potential liabilities. In many cases, the Companys maximum potential liability cannot be estimated, because some of the underlying agreements contain no limits on potential liability.
Upon issuance or modification of a guarantee, the Company determines if the obligation is subject to initial recognition and measurement of a liability and/or disclosure of the nature and terms of the guarantee under FIN 45. Generally, guarantees of the performance of a third party are subject to the recognition and measurement, as well as the disclosure provisions, of FIN 45. Such guarantees must initially be recorded at fair value, as determined in accordance with the interpretation. The Company did not have any guarantees at March 31, 2009, that met the recognition requirements under FIN 45.
For the three months ended March 31, 2009, Mirant had a net decrease to its guarantees of approximately $11 million, which included a decrease of approximately $14 million to its letters of credit, partially offset by an increase of $3 million in certain commercial purchase and sale agreements.
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This Note should be read in conjunction with the complete description under Note 10, Commitments and Contingencies Guarantees, to the Companys financial statements in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.
F. Stock-based Compensation
On March 3, 2009, the Company granted stock options and issued restricted stock units to executives and certain other employees under the Mirant Corporation 2005 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan. The stock options have a ten-year term and the stock options and restricted stock units vest in three equal installments on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the grant date. The stock options have an exercise price of $10.40, the Companys closing stock price on the day of the grant, and a grant date fair value of $5.88. The restricted stock units have a grant date fair value of $10.40, the Companys closing stock price on the day of the grant.
During the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, the Company recognized approximately $4 million and $7 million, respectively, of compensation expense related to stock options, restricted shares and restricted stock units. These amounts are included in operations and maintenance expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2009, there was approximately $42 million of total unrecognized compensation cost, excluding estimated forfeitures, related to non-vested stock-based awards.
Stock-based compensation activity for the three months ended March 31, 2009, is as follows:
Stock Options Service-based
Number of Options |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions) | ||||||||
Outstanding at January 1, 2009 |
2,870,996 | $ | 29.83 | $ | | |||||
Granted |
1,390,552 | $ | 10.40 | |||||||
Exercised or converted |
| $ | | |||||||
Forfeited |
(6,670 | ) | $ | 19.16 | ||||||
Expired |
(4,732 | ) | $ | 33.49 | ||||||
Outstanding at March 31, 2009 |
4,250,146 | $ | 23.49 | $ | 1.4 | |||||
Exercisable or convertible at March 31, 2009 |
2,230,645 | $ | 27.84 | $ | | |||||
Cash proceeds from exercise of options for the three months ended March 31, 2009 |
$ | | ||||||||
Stock Options Performance-based
Number |
Weighted |
Aggregate | |||||||||
Outstanding at January 1, 2009 |
730,000 | $ | 28.89 | $ | | ||||||
Exercised or converted |
| $ | | ||||||||
Forfeited |
| $ | | ||||||||
Outstanding at March 31, 2009 |
730,000 | $ | 28.89 | ||||||||
Exercisable or convertible at March 31, 2009 |
730,000 | $ | 28.89 | $ | | ||||||
Cash proceeds from exercise of options for the three months ended March 31, 2009 |
$ | | |||||||||
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Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Shares Service-based
Number of Units/ Shares |
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||
Outstanding at January 1, 2009 |
695,819 | $ | 34.98 | |||
Granted |
1,557,404 | $ | 10.40 | |||
Vested |
(339,618 | ) | $ | 32.86 | ||
Forfeited |
(5,519 | ) | $ | 15.74 | ||
Outstanding at March 31, 2009 |
1,908,086 | $ | 15.35 | |||
G. Earnings Per Share and Stockholders Equity
Earnings Per Share
Mirant calculates basic EPS by dividing income available to stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS gives effect to dilutive potential common shares, including unvested restricted shares and restricted stock units, stock options and warrants. In accordance with SFAS 128, diluted EPS is computed in the same manner as basic EPS if there is a net loss for the period.
The following table shows the computation of basic and diluted EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 (in millions except per share data):
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||||
2009 | 2008 | ||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
$ | 380 | $ | (154 | ) | ||
Income from discontinued operations |
| 2 | |||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 380 | $ | (152 | ) | ||
Basic and diluted: |
|||||||
Weighted average shares outstandingbasic |
145 | 216 | |||||
Shares from assumed exercise of warrants and options |
| 22 | |||||
Shares from assumed vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock units |
| | |||||
Weighted average shares outstandingdiluted |
145 | 238 | |||||
Basic EPS |
|||||||
EPS from continuing operations |
$ | 2.62 | $ | (0.71 | ) | ||
EPS from discontinued operations |
| 0.01 | |||||
Basic EPS |
$ | 2.62 | $ | (0.70 | ) | ||
Diluted EPS |
|||||||
EPS from continuing operations |
$ | 2.62 | $ | (0.71 | ) | ||
EPS from discontinued operations |
| 0.01 | |||||
Diluted EPS |
$ | 2.62 | $ | (0.70 | ) | ||
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For the three months ended March 31, 2009, the number of securities that are considered antidilutive increased significantly compared to the same period in 2008, as a result of the decrease in the Companys weighted average stock price. For the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, the weighted average number of securities that could potentially dilute basic EPS in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because to do so would have been antidilutive were as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | |||
(shares in millions) | ||||
Series A Warrants |
26.87 | | ||
Series B Warrants |
7.05 | | ||
Restricted shares and restricted share units |
0.50 | 0.10 | ||
Stock options |
4.05 | 0.72 | ||
Total number of antidilutive shares |
38.47 | 0.82 | ||
Stockholder Rights Plan
On March 26, 2009, Mirant announced the adoption of a stockholder rights plan (the Stockholder Rights Plan) to help protect the Companys use of its federal NOLs from certain restrictions contained in Section (§) 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. In general, an ownership change would occur if certain shifts in ownership of the Companys stock exceed 50 percentage points measured over a specified period of time. Given §382s broad definition, an ownership change could be the unintended consequence of otherwise normal market trading in the Companys stock that is outside the Companys control. The Stockholder Rights Plan was adopted to reduce the likelihood of such an unintended ownership change occurring. However, there can be no assurance that the Stockholder Rights Plan will prevent such an ownership change.
Under the Stockholder Rights Plan, when a person or group has obtained beneficial ownership of 4.9% or more of the Companys common stock, or an existing holder with greater than 4.9% ownership acquires more shares representing at least an additional 0.2% of the Companys common stock, there would be a triggering event causing potential significant dilution in the economic interest and voting power of such person or group. Such triggering event would also occur if an existing holder with greater than 4.9% ownership but less than 5.0% ownership acquires more shares that would result in such stockholder obtaining beneficial ownership of 5.0% or more of the Companys common stock. The Board of Directors has the discretion to exempt an acquisition of common stock from the provisions of the Stockholder Rights Plan if it determines the acquisition will not jeopardize tax benefits or is otherwise in the Companys best interests.
This Stockholder Rights Plan is limited in life, and the rights expire upon the earliest of (1) the Board of Directors determination that the plan is no longer needed for the preservation of NOLs as a result of the implementation of legislative changes or any other change; (2) March 25, 2010; or (3) certain other events described in the Stockholder Rights Plan.
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H. Segment Reporting
The Company has four operating segments: Mid-Atlantic, Northeast, California and Other Operations. The Mid-Atlantic segment consists of four generating facilities located in Maryland and Virginia with total net generating capacity of 5,230 MW. The Northeast segment consists of three generating facilities located in Massachusetts and one generating facility located in New York with total net generating capacity of 2,535 MW. The California segment consists of three generating facilities located in or near the City of San Francisco, with total net generating capacity of 2,347 MW. Other Operations includes proprietary trading and fuel oil management activities, unallocated corporate overhead, interest expense on debt at Mirant Americas Generation and Mirant North America and interest income on the Companys invested cash balances. In the following tables, eliminations are primarily related to intercompany sales of emissions allowances and interest on intercompany notes receivable and notes payable.
Operating Segments
Mid- Atlantic |
Northeast | California | Other Operations |
Eliminations | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating revenues1 |
$ | 672 | $ | 152 | $ | 35 | $ | 22 | $ | (3 | ) | $ | 878 | |||||||||||
Cost of fuel, electricity and other products2 |
165 | 88 | 8 | 10 | | 271 | ||||||||||||||||||
Gross margin |
507 | 64 | 27 | 12 | (3 | ) | 607 | |||||||||||||||||
Operating Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operations and maintenance |
105 | 32 | 19 | 6 | | 162 | ||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
24 | 4 | 5 | 3 | | 36 | ||||||||||||||||||
Gain on sales of assets, net |
(8 | ) | (2 | ) | (1 | ) | | (4 | ) | (15 | ) | |||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
121 | 34 | 23 | 9 | (4 | ) | 183 | |||||||||||||||||
Operating income |
386 | 30 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 424 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total other expense, net |
1 | | 1 | 34 | | 36 | ||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes |
385 | 30 | 3 | (31 | ) | 1 | 388 | |||||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
| | | 8 | | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
$ | 385 | $ | 30 | $ | 3 | $ | (39 | ) | $ | 1 | $ | 380 | |||||||||||
Total assets at March 31, 2009 |
$ | 6,371 | $ | 711 | $ | 170 | $ | 8,177 | $ | (3,741 | ) | $ | 11,688 |
1 |
Includes unrealized gains of $242 million and $28 million for Mid-Atlantic and Northeast, respectively, and unrealized losses of $15 million for Other Operations. |
2 |
Includes unrealized losses of $2 million for Northeast and unrealized gains of $1 million for Mid-Atlantic. |
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Operating Segments
Mid- Atlantic |
Northeast | California | Other Operations |
Eliminations | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating revenues1 |
$ | 110 | $ | 141 | $ | 42 | $ | 9 | $ | | $ | 302 | |||||||||||
Cost of fuel, electricity and other products2 |
146 | 89 | 13 | (8 | ) | | 240 | ||||||||||||||||
Gross margin |
(36 | ) | 52 | 29 | 17 | | 62 | ||||||||||||||||
Operating Expenses: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Operations and maintenance |
97 | 41 | 18 | 10 | | 166 | |||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
21 | 6 | 4 | 2 | | 33 | |||||||||||||||||
Gain on sales of assets, net |
| (4 | ) | | | | (4 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
118 | 43 | 22 | 12 | | 195 | |||||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
(154 | ) | 9 | 7 | 5 | | (133 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total other expense (income), net |
| (1 | ) | | 22 | | 21 | ||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
$ | (154 | ) | $ | 10 | $ | 7 | $ | (17 | ) | $ | | $ | (154 | ) | ||||||||
Total assets at December 31, 2008 |
$ | 5,620 | $ | 722 | $ | 181 | $ | 7,253 | $ | (3,088 | ) | $ | 10,688 |
1 |
Includes unrealized gains of $6 million for Other Operations and unrealized losses of $295 million and $13 million for Mid-Atlantic and Northeast, respectively. |
2 |
Includes unrealized losses of $5 million for Mid-Atlantic and unrealized gains of $4 million for Northeast. |
I. Litigation and Other Contingencies
The Company is involved in a number of significant legal proceedings. In certain cases, plaintiffs seek to recover large and sometimes unspecified damages, and some matters may be unresolved for several years. The Company cannot currently determine the outcome of the proceedings described below or the ultimate amount of potential losses and therefore has not made any provision for such matters unless specifically noted below. Pursuant to SFAS 5, management provides for estimated losses to the extent information becomes available indicating that losses are probable and that the amounts are reasonably estimable. Additional losses could have a material adverse effect on the Companys results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Environmental Matters
EPA Information Request. In January 2001, the EPA issued a request for information to Mirant concerning the implications under the EPAs NSR regulations promulgated under the Clean Air Act of past repair and maintenance activities at the Potomac River facility in Virginia and the Chalk Point, Dickerson and Morgantown facilities in Maryland. The requested information concerned the period of operations that predates the ownership and lease of those facilities by Mirant Potomac River, Mirant Chalk Point and Mirant Mid-Atlantic. Mirant
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responded fully to this request. Under the APSA, Pepco is responsible for fines and penalties arising from any violation of the NSR regulations associated with operations prior to the acquisition or lease of the facilities by Mirant Potomac River, Mirant Chalk Point and Mirant Mid-Atlantic. If a violation is determined to have occurred at any of the facilities, Mirant Potomac River, Mirant Chalk Point and Mirant Mid-Atlantic, as the owner or lessee of the facility, may be responsible for the cost of purchasing and installing emissions control equipment, the cost of which may be material. Mirant Chalk Point and Mirant Mid-Atlantic have installed and are installing a variety of emissions control equipment on the Chalk Point, Dickerson and Morgantown facilities in Maryland to comply with the Maryland Healthy Air Act, but that equipment may not include all of the emissions control equipment that could be required if a violation of the EPAs NSR regulations is determined to have occurred at one or more of those facilities. If such a violation is determined to have occurred after the acquisition or lease of the facilities by Mirant Potomac River, Mirant Chalk Point and Mirant Mid-Atlantic or, if occurring prior to the acquisition or lease, is determined to constitute a continuing violation, Mirant Potomac River, Mirant Chalk Point or Mirant Mid-Atlantic could also be subject to fines and penalties by the state or federal government for the period after its acquisition or lease of the facility at issue, the cost of which may be material, although applicable bankruptcy law may bar such liability for periods prior to January 3, 2006, when the Plan became effective for Mirant Potomac River, Mirant Chalk Point and Mirant Mid-Atlantic.
Faulkner Fly Ash Facility. By letter dated April 2, 2008, the Environmental Integrity Project and the Potomac Riverkeeper notified Mirant and various of its subsidiaries that they and certain individuals intend to file suit alleging that violations of the Clean Water Act are occurring at the Faulkner Fly Ash Facility owned by Mirant MD Ash Management. The April 2, 2008, letter alleges that the Faulkner facility discharges certain pollutants at levels that exceed Marylands water quality criteria, that it discharged certain pollutants without obtaining an appropriate National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit, and that Mirant MD Ash Management failed to perform monthly monitoring required under an applicable NPDES permit. The letter indicated that the organizations intend to file suit to enjoin the violations alleged, to obtain civil penalties for past violations occurring after January 3, 2006, and to recover attorneys fees. Mirant disputes the allegations of violations of the Clean Water Act made by the two organizations in the April 2, 2008, letter.
In late May 2008, the MDE filed a complaint in the Circuit Court for Charles County, Maryland, against Mirant MD Ash Management and Mirant Mid-Atlantic. The complaint alleges violations of Marylands water pollution laws similar to those asserted in the April 2, 2008, letter from the Environmental Integrity Project and the Potomac Riverkeeper. The MDE complaint requests that the court (1) prohibit continuation of the alleged unpermitted discharges, (2) require Mirant MD Ash Management and Mirant Mid-Atlantic to cease from disposing of any further coal combustion byproducts at the Faulkner Fly Ash Facility and close and cap the existing disposal cells within one year and (3) assess civil penalties of up to $10,000 per day for each violation. The discharges that are the subject of the MDEs complaint result from a leachate treatment system installed by Mirant MD Ash Management in accordance with a December 18, 2000, Complaint and Consent Order (the December 2000 Consent Order) entered by the Maryland Secretary of the Environment, Water Management Administration pursuant to an agreement between the MDE and Pepco, the previous owner of the Faulkner Fly Ash Facility. Mirant MD Ash Management and Mirant Mid-Atlantic on July 23, 2008, filed a motion seeking dismissal of the MDE complaint, arguing that the discharges are permitted by the December 2000 Consent Order.
Mirant Potomac River Wind Screen NOV. On December 18, 2008, the Virginia DEQ issued an NOV to Mirant Potomac River asserting that on November 21, 2008 and December 10, 2008, observations of the windscreens installed on fencing surrounding the coal pile at the Potomac
28
River facility indicated that the screening was not properly fastened, resulting in a potential violation of Virginias Air Pollution Control Law and regulations. The NOV did not seek a specific penalty amount but noted that the violations identified could subject Mirant Potomac River to civil penalties of varying amounts under different provisions of the Virginia Code, including a potential civil fine of up to $100,000. On March 16, 2009, Mirant Potomac River and the Virginia DEQ entered into a Consent Order that resolved this NOV issued December 18, 2008. Under the Consent Order, Mirant Potomac River paid a civil charge of $26,000.
Notice of Intent to Sue Regarding Chalk Point Emissions. Mirant, Mirant Mid-Atlantic and Mirant Chalk Point received a letter dated January 22, 2009, from the Environmental Integrity Project, the Chesapeake Climate Action Network and an individual providing notice that they intend to file suit alleging that Mirant Chalk Point has failed to install controls to limit emissions of particulate matter on two units of the Chalk Point generating facility that burn residual fuel oil. The January 22, 2009, letter alleges that the failure to install such controls violates the Clean Air Act and Maryland environmental regulations. The letter states that the organizations intend to file suit to enjoin the violations alleged, to obtain civil penalties for past noncompliance and to recover attorneys fees. Mirant disputes the allegations of violations of the Clean Air Act and Maryland environmental regulations made by the two organizations in the January 22, 2009, letter.
New York State Administrative Claims. On January 24, 2006, the State of New York and the NYSDEC filed a notice of administrative claims in the Companys Chapter 11 proceedings asserting a claim seeking to require the Company to provide funding to its subsidiaries owning generating facilities in New York to satisfy certain specified environmental compliance obligations, citing various then outstanding matters between the State and the Companys subsidiaries owning generating facilities in New York related to compliance with environmental laws and regulations. On April 12, 2008, the State of New York and the NYSDEC filed a separate notice of administrative claims in the bankruptcy proceedings of Mirant New York, Mirant Bowline and Mirant Lovett (all of which emerged from bankruptcy in 2007) alleging various potential violations of New York environmental laws and regulations related to the operation of the Bowline and Lovett generating facilities during the period those entities were in bankruptcy. Except for the alleged violations described below in Lovett Coal Ash Management Facility Notice of Hearing and Complaint, all of the matters or alleged violations set out in the January 24, 2006, and April 12, 2008, administrative claims have now been resolved.
Riverkeeper Suit Against Mirant Lovett. On March 11, 2005, Riverkeeper, Inc. filed suit against Mirant Lovett in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York under the Clean Water Act. The suit alleges that Mirant Lovett failed to implement a marine life exclusion system at its Lovett generating facility and to perform monitoring for the exclusion of certain aquatic organisms from the facilitys cooling water intake structures in violation of Mirant Lovetts water discharge permit issued by the State of New York. The plaintiff requested the court to enjoin Mirant Lovett from continuing to operate the Lovett generating facility in a manner that allegedly violates the Clean Water Act, to impose civil penalties of $32,500 per day of violation, and to award the plaintiff attorneys fees. Mirant Lovetts view is that it has complied with the terms of its water discharge permit, as amended by a Consent Order entered June 29, 2004. On April 20, 2005, the district court approved a stipulation agreed to by the plaintiff and Mirant Lovett that stayed the suit until 60 days after the entry of the order by the Bankruptcy Court confirming the plan of reorganization for Mirant Lovett became final and non-appealable, which stay expired in late 2007. Mirant Lovett has filed a motion seeking dismissal of the suit on the grounds that it complied with the terms of its water discharge permit, the closure of the Lovett generating facility in April 2008 moots the plaintiffs request for injunctive relief, and the discharge in bankruptcy received by Mirant Lovett in 2007 bars any claim for penalties.
29
Lovett Coal Ash Management Facility Notice of Hearing and Complaint. On April 16, 2008, the staff of the NYSDEC filed a complaint with the NYSDEC against Mirant Lovett alleging various violations of New Yorks Environmental Conservation Law arising from the coal ash management facility (CAMF) located near the former Lovett generating facility, including the alleged discharge of pollutants into the groundwater in excess of allowed levels. The complaint also contends that Mirant Lovett failed to provide an adequate Leachate Assessment Report related to the CAMF that the NYSDEC staff asserts was required under the terms of a Consent Order dated June 2, 2006. The complaint requests that Mirant Lovett be required to perform various assessments related to groundwater quality and causes of leachate from the CAMF and seeks assessment of a civil penalty of $200,000 and the recovery of $15,000 for the portion of a penalty imposed under the June 2, 2006, Consent Order that had been suspended. Mirant Lovett disputes the allegations made by the NYSDEC staff in its complaint and thinks that it has complied with the June 2, 2006, Consent Order.
Notices of Intent to Sue for Alleged Violations of the Endangered Species Act. Mirant and Mirant Delta have received two letters, one dated September 27, 2007, sent on behalf of the Coalition for a Sustainable Delta, four water districts, and an individual and the second dated October 16, 2007, sent on behalf of San Francisco Baykeeper (collectively with the parties sending the September 27, 2007, letter, the Noticing Parties), providing notice that the Noticing Parties intend to file suit alleging that Mirant Delta has violated, and continues to violate, the Federal Endangered Species Act through the operation of its Contra Costa and Pittsburg generating facilities. The Noticing Parties contend that the facilities use of water drawn from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta for cooling purposes results in harm to four species of fish listed as endangered species. The Noticing Parties assert that Mirant Deltas authorizations to take (i.e., cause harm to) those species, a biological opinion and incidental take statement issued by the National Marine Fisheries Service on October 17, 2002, for three of the fish species and a biological opinion and incidental take statement issued by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service on November 4, 2002, for the fourth fish species, have been violated by Mirant Delta and no longer apply to permit the effects on the four fish species caused by the operation of the Contra Costa and Pittsburg generating facilities. Following receipt of these letters, in late October 2007, Mirant Delta received correspondence from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Army Corps of Engineers clarifying that Mirant Delta continued to be authorized to take the four species of fish protected under the Federal Endangered Species Act. The agencies have initiated a process that will review the environmental effects of Mirant Deltas water usage, including effects on the protected species of fish. That process could lead to changes in the manner in which Mirant Delta can use river water for the operation of the Contra Costa and Pittsburg generating facilities. In a subsequent letter, the Coalition for a Sustainable Delta also alleged violations of the National Environmental Policy Act and the California Endangered Species Act associated with the operation of Mirant Deltas facilities. Mirant Delta disputes the allegations made by the Noticing Parties. No lawsuits have been filed to date, and San Francisco Baykeeper on February 1, 2008, withdrew its notice of intent to sue.
Notice of Violations Relating to State Line Generating Station. On April 16, 2009, the EPA issued a Notice and Finding of Violations to Mirant Americas, Dominion Resources Services, Inc., Dominion Resources, Inc. and Commonwealth Edison Company. The notice alleges that various activities occurring from 1994 through 2008 at the Kincaid generating facility in Illinois and the State Line generating facility in Indiana violated the EPAs NSR regulations and other provisions of the Clean Air Act. Mirant and its subsidiaries have had no ownership interest in or other involvement with the Kincaid facility. Through subsidiaries, Mirant acquired the State Line facility from a subsidiary of Commonwealth Edison Company in December 1997. Mirant sold its subsidiaries owning the State Line facility to subsidiaries of Dominion Resources in June 2002. The contracts under which Mirant acquired and sold its ownership interests in the State Line
30
facility were rejected in Mirants bankruptcy proceedings, and, as a result, Mirant and its subsidiaries have no contractual obligations to either Commonwealth Edison Company and its subsidiaries or Dominion resources and its subsidiaries related to the State Line facility. Furthermore, applicable bankruptcy law may bar any liability of Mirant and its subsidiaries for fines based on events occurring in periods prior to January 3, 2006, when the Plan became effective.
Chapter 11 Proceedings
On July 14, 2003, and various dates thereafter, Mirant Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries (collectively, the Mirant Debtors) filed voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the Bankruptcy Court. Mirant and most of the Mirant Debtors emerged from bankruptcy on January 3, 2006, when the Plan became effective. The remaining Mirant Debtors (Mirant New York, Mirant Bowline, Mirant Lovett, Mirant NY-Gen and Hudson Valley Gas) emerged from bankruptcy on various dates in 2007. As of March 31, 2009, approximately 850,000 of the shares of Mirant common stock to be distributed under the Plan had not yet been distributed and have been reserved for distribution with respect to claims disputed by the Mirant Debtors that have not been resolved. Under the terms of the Plan, upon the resolution of such a disputed claim, the claimant will receive the same pro rata distributions of Mirant common stock, cash, or both common stock and cash as previously allowed claims, regardless of the price at which Mirant common stock is trading at the time the claim is resolved.
To the extent the aggregate amount of the payouts determined to be due with respect to disputed claims ultimately exceeds the amount of the funded claim reserve, Mirant would have to issue additional shares of common stock to address the shortfall, which would dilute existing Mirant stockholders, and Mirant and Mirant Americas Generation would have to pay additional cash amounts as necessary under the terms of the Plan to satisfy such pre-petition claims. If Mirant is required to issue additional shares of common stock to satisfy unresolved claims, certain parties who received approximately 21 million of the 300 million shares of common stock distributed under the Plan are entitled to receive additional shares of common stock to avoid dilution of their distributions under the Plan.
Actions Pursued by MC Asset Recovery
Under the Plan, the rights to certain actions filed by Mirant and various of its subsidiaries against third parties were transferred to MC Asset Recovery. MC Asset Recovery, although wholly-owned by Mirant, is governed by managers who are independent of Mirant and its other subsidiaries. Under the Plan, any cash recoveries obtained by MC Asset Recovery from the actions transferred to it, net of fees and costs incurred in prosecuting the actions, are to be paid to the unsecured creditors of Mirant Corporation in the Chapter 11 proceedings and the holders of the equity interests in Mirant immediately prior to the effective date of the Plan except where such a recovery results in an allowed claim in the bankruptcy proceedings, as described below. MC Asset Recovery is a disregarded entity for income tax purposes, and Mirant is responsible for income taxes related to its operations. The Plan provides that Mirant may not reduce payments to be made to unsecured creditors and former holders of equity interests from recoveries obtained by MC Asset Recovery for the taxes owed by Mirant, if any, on any net recoveries up to $175 million. If the aggregate recoveries exceed $175 million net of costs, then under the Plan Mirant may reduce the payments to be made to such unsecured creditors and former holders of equity interests by the amount of any taxes it will owe or NOLs utilized with respect to taxable income resulting from the amount in excess of $175 million.
The Plan and MC Asset Recoverys Limited Liability Company Agreement also obligate Mirant to make contributions to MC Asset Recovery as necessary to pay professional fees and
31
certain other costs reasonably incurred by MC Asset Recovery, including expert witness fees and other costs of the actions transferred to MC Asset Recovery. In June 2008, Mirant and MC Asset Recovery, with the approval of the Bankruptcy Court, agreed to limit the total amount of funding to be provided by Mirant to MC Asset Recovery to $67.8 million, and the amount of such funding obligation not already incurred by Mirant at that time was fully accrued. Mirant is entitled to be repaid the amounts it funds from any recoveries obtained by MC Asset Recovery before any distribution is made from such recoveries to the unsecured creditors of Mirant Corporation and the former holders of equity interests.
Certain of the actions transferred to MC Asset Recovery seek to recover damages for fraudulent transfers that occurred prior to the filing of Mirants bankruptcy proceedings. Each of those actions alleges that the defendants engaged in transactions with Mirant or its subsidiaries at a time when they were insolvent or were rendered insolvent by the resulting transfers and that they did not receive fair value for those transfers. If MC Asset Recovery succeeds in obtaining any recoveries on these avoidance claims transferred to it, the party or parties from which such recoveries are obtained could seek to file claims in Mirants bankruptcy proceedings. Mirant would vigorously contest the allowance of any such claims on the grounds that, among other things, the avoidance claims being pursued by MC Asset Recovery seek to recover only amounts received by third parties in excess of fair value and that the recovery of such amounts does not reinstate any enforceable pre-petition obligation that could give rise to a claim. If such a claim were to be allowed by the Bankruptcy Court as a result of a recovery by MC Asset Recovery, then the party receiving the claim would be entitled to either Mirant common stock or such stock and cash as provided under the Plan. Under such circumstances, the order entered by the Bankruptcy Court on December 9, 2005, confirming the Plan (the Confirmation Order) provides that Mirant would retain from the net amount recovered an amount equal to the dollar amount of the resulting allowed claim rather than distribute such amount to the unsecured creditors and former equity holders as described above.
On March 31, 2009, The Southern Company (Southern Company) and MC Asset Recovery entered into a settlement agreement (the MCAR Settlement) resolving claims asserted by MC Asset Recovery in MC Asset Recovery, LLC v. Southern Company, a suit pending in the Northern District of Georgia (the Southern Company Litigation). Southern Company has filed a Form 8-K dated April 2, 2009, that describes the settlement and the claims that it resolves. The settlement provides for Southern Company to pay $202 million to MC Asset Recovery in settlement of all claims asserted in the Southern Company Litigation. Once the settlement of the Southern Company Litigation has been effectuated, Mirant expects to receive reimbursement of approximately $51 million for the funds it has provided to MC Asset Recovery that have not been previously reimbursed as a result of prior recoveries by MC Asset Recovery.
Mirant is uncertain whether Southern Company will assert a claim in Mirants bankruptcy proceedings for all or part of the amount it is to pay MC Asset Recovery pursuant to the MCAR Settlement or whether any such claim, if filed, will be allowed by the Bankruptcy Court. If such a claim is filed and is allowed by the Bankruptcy Court, then Mirant expects that the claim would be a Mirant Debtor Class 3- Unsecured Claim under the Plan that would be settled in Mirant common stock. The Plan provides that any claim allowed by the Bankruptcy Court after the Plan effective date of January 3, 2006, is to receive the same distribution as previously allowed claims, which for a Mirant Debtor Class 3- Unsecured Claim is approximately 43.87 shares of Mirant common stock per $1,000 of claim.
If Southern Company were to file for and if the Bankruptcy Court were to allow a claim for the full amount of the $202 million that it will pay under the MCAR Settlement, then Southern Company would be entitled under the Plan to a distribution of approximately 8.86 million shares of Mirant common stock. As described above in Chapter 11 Proceedings, only approximately
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850,000 shares remain reserved from the 300 million shares of Mirant common stock to be distributed under the Plan. The Plan authorizes Mirant to issue common shares in addition to the 300 million common shares issued when the Plan became effective as necessary to make distributions on claims that become allowed claims after the effective date, and section 1145 of the Bankruptcy Code exempts such shares from registration under the Securities Act. Making a distribution of 8.86 million shares to Southern Company would require the issuance of more than 8 million additional shares of Mirant common stock above the 300 million shares originally issued to be distributed under the Plan. Under such circumstances, the Confirmation Order would require Mirant also to issue and distribute additional shares to holders of claims in Mirant Debtor Class 3 Unsecured Claims who held the 6.25% Junior Convertible Subordinated Debentures due in 2030 and to holders of claims in Mirant Debtor Class 5- Equity Interests equal to 3.5% and 3.75%, respectively, of the additional shares required to be issued to address the Southern Company allowed claim. If Southern Company files for and receives an allowed claim in the bankruptcy proceedings for all or part of the $202 million it is to pay under the MCAR Settlement, then Mirant will be entitled to retain from the proceeds remaining after reimbursement of the costs previously funded by Mirant and payment of any unpaid costs incurred by MC Asset Recovery an amount equal to the amount of Southerns allowed claim, and the amount of the proceeds to be distributed to Mirants unsecured creditors and former equity holders would be reduced by that amount.
If Southern Company does not file a claim in the bankruptcy proceedings, or if the Bankruptcy Court does not allow any such claim that Southern Company does file, then Mirant expects that MC Asset Recovery will use some of the funds it receives under the settlement to pay fees owed to the managers of MC Asset Recovery and other expenses of MC Asset Recovery not previously funded by Mirant, and that MC Asset Recovery will reserve some portion of those funds to pay future expenses. Pursuant to the Plan, the remainder of the amount recovered by MC Asset Recovery will be distributed fifty percent to the class of Mirant claims holders identified in the Plan as Mirant Debtor Class 3 Unsecured Claims and fifty percent to Mirant Debtor Class 5 Equity Interests. Once these distributions occur, Mirant will have no further obligation to provide funding to MC Asset Recovery.
California and Western Power Markets
FERC Refund Proceedings Arising Out of California Energy Crisis. High prices experienced in California and western wholesale electricity markets in 2000 and 2001 caused various purchasers of electricity in those markets to initiate proceedings seeking refunds. Several of those proceedings remain pending either before the FERC or on appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (the Ninth Circuit). The proceedings that remain pending include proceedings (1) ordered by the FERC on July 25, 2001, (the FERC Refund Proceedings) to determine the amount of any refunds and amounts owed for sales made by market participants, including Mirant Americas Energy Marketing, in the CAISO or the Cal PX markets from October 2, 2000, through June 20, 2001 (the Refund Period), (2) ordered by the FERC to determine whether there had been unjust and unreasonable charges for spot market bilateral sales in the Pacific Northwest from December 25, 2000, through June 20, 2001 (the Pacific Northwest Proceeding), and (3) arising from a complaint filed in 2002 by the California Attorney General that sought refunds for transactions conducted in markets administered by the CAISO and the Cal PX outside the Refund Period set by the FERC and for transactions between the DWR and various owners of generation and power marketers, including Mirant Americas Energy Marketing and subsidiaries of Mirant Americas Generation. Various parties appealed the FERC orders related to these proceedings to the Ninth Circuit seeking review of a number of issues, including changing the Refund Period to include periods prior to October 2, 2000, and expanding the sales of electricity subject to potential refund to include bilateral sales made to the DWR and
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other parties. While various of these appeals remain pending, the Ninth Circuit ruled in orders issued on August 2, 2006, and September 9, 2004, that the FERC should consider further whether to grant relief for sales of electricity made in the CAISO and Cal PX markets prior to October 2, 2000, at rates found to be unjust, and, in the proceeding initiated by the California Attorney General, what remedies, including potential refunds, are appropriate where entities, including Mirant Americas Energy Marketing, purportedly did not comply with certain filing requirements for transactions conducted under market-based rate tariffs.
On January 14, 2005, Mirant and certain of its subsidiaries (the Mirant Settling Parties) entered into a Settlement and Release of Claims Agreement (the California Settlement) with PG&E, Southern California Edison Company, San Diego Gas and Electric Company, the CPUC, the DWR, the EOB and the Attorney General of the State of California (collectively, the California Parties). The California Settlement was approved by the FERC on April 13, 2005, and became effective on April 15, 2005, upon its approval by the Bankruptcy Court. The California Settlement resulted in the release of most of Mirant Americas Energy Marketings potential liability (1) in the FERC Refund Proceedings for sales made in the CAISO or the Cal PX markets, (2) in the Pacific Northwest Proceeding, and (3) in any proceedings at the FERC resulting from the complaint filed in 2002 by the California Attorney General. Based on the California Settlement, on April 15, 2008, the FERC dismissed Mirant Americas Energy Marketing and the other subsidiaries of the Company from the proceeding initiated by the complaint filed in 2002 by the California Attorney General.
Under the California Settlement, the California Parties and those other market participants who have opted into the settlement have released the Mirant Settling Parties, including Mirant Americas Energy Marketing, from any liability for refunds related to sales of electricity and natural gas in the western markets from January 1, 1998, through July 14, 2003. Also, the California Parties have assumed the obligation of Mirant Americas Energy Marketing to pay any refunds determined by the FERC to be owed by Mirant Americas Energy Marketing to other parties that do not opt into the settlement for transactions in the CAISO and Cal PX markets during the Refund Period, with the liability of the California Parties for such refund obligation limited to the amount of certain receivables assigned by Mirant Americas Energy Marketing to the California Parties under the California Settlement. The settlement did not relieve Mirant Americas Energy Marketing of liability for any refunds that the FERC determines it to owe (1) to participants in the Cal PX and CAISO markets that are not California Parties (or that did not elect to opt into the settlement) for periods outside the Refund Period and (2) to participants in bilateral transactions with Mirant Americas Energy Marketing that are not California Parties (or that did not elect to opt into the settlement).
Resolution of the refund proceedings that remain pending before the FERC or that currently are on appeal to the Ninth Circuit could ultimately result in the FERC concluding that the prices received by Mirant Americas Energy Marketing in some transactions occurring in 2000 and 2001 should be reduced. The Companys view is that the bulk of any obligations of Mirant Americas Energy Marketing to make refunds as a result of sales completed prior to July 14, 2003, in the CAISO or Cal PX markets or in bilateral transactions either have been addressed by the California Settlement or have been resolved as part of Mirant Americas Energy Marketings bankruptcy proceedings. To the extent that Mirant Americas Energy Marketings potential refund liability arises from contracts that were transferred to Mirant Energy Trading as part of the transfer of the trading and marketing business under the Plan, Mirant Energy Trading may have exposure to any refund liability related to transactions under those contracts.
Mirant Americas Energy Marketing Contract Dispute with Southern California Water. On December 21, 2001, Southern California Water Company filed a complaint at the FERC seeking reformation of the purchase price of energy under a long-term contract it had entered with Mirant
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Americas Energy Marketing, claiming that the prices under that contract were unjust and unreasonable because, when it entered the contract, western power markets were dysfunctional and non-competitive. The contract was for the purchase of 15 MWs during the period April 1, 2001, through December 31, 2006. On June 25, 2003, the FERC dismissed this proceeding. Southern California Water appealed that dismissal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which on December 19, 2006, reversed the dismissal of the complaint and a number of other similar complaints and remanded the proceedings to the FERC. On June 26, 2008, the United States Supreme Court affirmed the remand of the Southern California Water proceeding and the other similar proceedings to the FERC, concluding that the FERC should analyze further (1) whether the contracts at issue imposed an excessive burden on consumers in the later periods covered by the contracts, not just at their outset, and (2) whether any of the sellers engaged in unlawful market manipulation, which the Court concluded would remove the premise underlying the FERCs dismissal of the complaints that the rates agreed to in the contracts were based on fair, arms length negotiations. On December 18, 2008, the FERC issued an order on remand providing for the record to be supplemented through further written filings by the parties regarding the specific issues raised by the ruling entered by the United States Supreme Court. Upon the transfer of the assets of the trading and marketing business to Mirant Energy Trading under the Plan, Mirant Energy Trading assumed Mirant Americas Energy Marketings contract obligations to Southern California Water Company, including any potential refund obligations. On May 1, 2009, Mirant Energy Trading and Southern California Water Company entered into a settlement agreement under which Southern California Water Company agreed to release its claims in return for a payment from Mirant Energy Trading of $1 million. The settlement agreement is not effective until Southern California Water Company has filed at the FERC to withdraw its complaint and that withdrawal becomes effective or the FERC approves the settlement agreement as an offer of settlement.
Complaint Challenging Capacity Rates Under the RPM Provisions of PJMs Tariff
On May 30, 2008, a variety of parties, including the state public utility commissions of Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware, ratepayer advocates, certain electric cooperatives, various groups representing industrial electricity users, and federal agencies (the RPM Buyers), filed a complaint with the FERC asserting that capacity auctions held to determine capacity payments under PJMs reliability pricing model (RPM) tariff had produced rates that were unjust and unreasonable. PJM conducted the capacity auctions that are the subject of the complaint to set the capacity payments in effect under the RPM provisions of PJMs tariff for twelve month periods beginning June 1, 2008, June 1, 2009, and June 1, 2010. The RPM Buyers allege that (i) the time between when the auctions were held and the periods that the resulting capacity rates would be in effect were too short to allow competition from new resources in the auctions, (ii) the administrative process established under the RPM provisions of PJMs tariff was inadequate to restrain the exercise of market power through the withholding of capacity to increase prices, and (iii) the locational pricing established under the RPM provisions of PJMs tariff created opportunities for sellers to raise prices while serving no legitimate function. The RPM Buyers asked the FERC to reduce significantly the capacity rates established by the capacity auctions and to set June 1, 2008, as the date beginning on which any rates found by the FERC to be excessive would be subject to refund. If the FERC were to reduce the capacity payments set through the capacity auctions to the rates proposed by the RPM Buyers, the capacity revenue the Company expects to receive for the periods June 1, 2008 through May 31, 2011, would be reduced by approximately $600 million. On September 19, 2008, the FERC issued an order dismissing the complaint. The FERC found that no party had violated the RPM provisions of PJMs tariff and that the prices determined during the auctions were in accordance with the tariffs provisions. The RPM Buyers have filed a request for rehearing.
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Other Legal Matters
The Company is involved in various other claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Companys results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
J. Settlements and Other Charges
Potomac River Settlement
In July 2008, the City of Alexandria, Virginia (in which the Potomac River generating facility is located) and Mirant Potomac River entered into an agreement containing certain terms that were included in a proposed comprehensive state operating permit for the Potomac River generating facility issued by the Virginia DEQ that month. Under that agreement, Mirant Potomac River committed to spend $34 million over several years to reduce particulate emissions. The $34 million was placed in escrow and is included in funds on deposit and other noncurrent assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and in the Companys estimated capital expenditures. On July 30, 2008, the Virginia State Air Pollution Control Board approved the comprehensive permit with terms consistent with the agreement between Mirant Potomac and the City of Alexandria, and the Virginia DEQ issued the permit on July 31, 2008.
Prior to the issuance of the comprehensive state operating permit in July 2008, the Potomac River generating facility operated under a state operating permit issued June 1, 2007, that significantly restricted the facilitys operations by imposing stringent limits on its SO2 emissions and constraining unit operations so that no more than three of the facilitys five units could operate at one time. In compliance with the comprehensive permit, in 2008 the Company merged the stacks for units 3, 4 and 5 into one stack at the Potomac River generating facility and, in January 2009, the Company merged the stacks for units 1 and 2 into one stack. With the completion of the stack mergers, the permit issued in July 2008 will not constrain operations of the Potomac River generating facility below historical operations and will allow operation of all five units at one time. Certain provisions of Virginias air emissions regulations adopted to implement the CAIR, however, could constrain the facilitys operations. Mirant Potomac River has challenged those regulations in court.
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Item 2. | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition |
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, which are included elsewhere in this report.
Overview
We are a competitive energy company that produces and sells electricity in the United States. We own or lease 10,112 MW of net electric generating capacity in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast regions and in California. We also operate an integrated asset management and energy marketing organization based in Atlanta, Georgia.
Hedging Activities
We hedge economically a substantial portion of our Mid-Atlantic coal-fired baseload generation and certain of our Northeast gas and oil-fired generation through OTC transactions. However, we generally do not hedge our intermediate and peaking units for tenors greater than 12 months. A significant portion of our hedges are financial swap transactions between Mirant Mid-Atlantic and financial counterparties that are senior unsecured obligations of such parties and do not require either party to post cash collateral either for initial margin or for securing exposure as a result of changes in power or natural gas prices. At April 14, 2009, our aggregate hedge levels based on expected generation for each period were as follows:
Aggregate Hedge Levels Based on Expected Generation | |||||||||||||||
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | |||||||||||
Power |
95 | % | 72 | % | 32 | % | 33 | % | 23 | % | |||||
Fuel |
88 | % | 70 | % | 54 | % | 28 | % | 6 | % |
Capital Expenditures and Capital Resources
Including amounts already spent to date, we expect to incur total capital expenditures of $1.674 billion to comply with the limitations on SO2, NOx and mercury emissions imposed by the Maryland Healthy Air Act. As of March 31, 2009, we have paid approximately $1.119 billion for capital expenditures related to the Maryland Healthy Air Act. For the three months ended March 31, 2009, we paid $169 million for capital expenditures, excluding capitalized interest, of which $122 million related to the Maryland Healthy Air Act. The following table details the expected timing of payments for our estimated capital expenditures, excluding capitalized interest, for the remaining nine months of 2009 and for 2010 (in millions):
2009 | 2010 | |||||
Maryland Healthy Air Act |
$ | 368 | $ | 187 | ||
Other environmental |
16 | 30 | ||||
Maintenance |
127 | 132 | ||||
Construction |
46 | 56 | ||||
Other |
11 | 16 | ||||
Total |
$ | 568 | $ | 421 | ||
We expect that available cash and future cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund these capital expenditures.
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Consolidated Financial Performance
We reported net income of $380 million and a net loss of $152 million for the periods ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The change in net income (loss) is detailed as follows (in millions):
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Increase/ (Decrease) |
|||||||||||
2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||
Realized gross margin |
$ | 353 | $ | 365 | $ | (12 | ) | |||||
Unrealized gross margin |
254 | (303 | ) | 557 | ||||||||
Total gross margin |
607 | 62 | 545 | |||||||||
Operating Expenses: |
||||||||||||
Operations and maintenance |
162 | 166 | (4 | ) | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
36 | 33 | 3 | |||||||||
Gain on sales of assets, net |
(15 | ) | (4 | ) | (11 | ) | ||||||
Total operating expenses |
183 | 195 | (12 | ) | ||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
424 | (133 | ) | 557 | ||||||||
Total other expense, net |
36 | 21 | 15 | |||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes |
388 | (154 | ) | 542 | ||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
8 | | 8 | |||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
380 | (154 | ) | 534 | ||||||||
Income from discontinued operations |
| 2 | (2 | ) | ||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 380 | $ | (152 | ) | $ | 532 | |||||
The following discussion includes non-GAAP financial measures because we present our consolidated financial performance in terms of gross margin. Gross margin is our operating revenue less cost of fuel, electricity and other products, and excludes depreciation and amortization. We present gross margin, excluding depreciation and amortization, and realized gross margin separately from unrealized gross margin in order to be consistent with how we manage our business. Therefore, it may not be possible to compare our non-GAAP financial measures with those of other companies which also present similar non-GAAP financial measures. We encourage our investors to review our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and other publicly filed reports in their entirety and not to rely on a single financial measure.
| Our realized gross margin decrease of $12 million was principally a result of the following: |
| a decrease of $88 million in energy, primarily as a result of a decrease in power prices and an increase in the cost of emissions allowances. In addition, generation volumes decreased 5% primarily because our Mid-Atlantic baseload units generated less as a result of decreases in natural gas prices at times making it uneconomic for certain of our coal-fired units to generate. The decreases in energy gross margin were partially offset by a decrease in the price of fuel; |
| an increase of $72 million in realized value of hedges. In 2009, realized value of hedges was $108 million which reflects the amount by which the settlement value of power contracts exceeded market prices, partially offset by the amount by which contract prices for fuel exceeded market prices for fuel. In 2008, realized value of hedges was $36 million which reflects the amount by which market prices for fuel exceeded the contract prices for fuel, partially offset by the amount by which market prices exceeded the settlement value of power contracts; and |
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| an increase of $4 million in contracted and capacity primarily related to higher capacity prices in 2009. |
| Our unrealized gross margin increase of $557 million was principally a result of the following: |
| unrealized gains of $254 million in 2009, which included a $341 million net increase in the value of hedge contracts for future periods primarily related to decreases in forward power and natural gas prices, partially offset by unrealized losses of $87 million from power and fuel contracts that settled during the period for which net unrealized gains had been recorded in prior periods; and |
| unrealized losses of $303 million in 2008, which included a $313 million net decrease in the value of hedge contracts for future periods primarily related to increases in forward power and natural gas prices, partially offset by unrealized gains of $10 million from power and fuel contracts that settled during the period for which net unrealized losses had been recorded in prior periods. |
| Our operating expense decrease of $12 million is primarily the result of an increase of $11 million in gain on sales of emissions allowances sold to third parties. |
| Other expense, net increased $15 million reflecting lower interest income as a result of lower interest rates on invested cash and lower average cash balances in 2009 compared to the same period in 2008, partially offset by lower interest expense as a result of lower outstanding debt and higher interest capitalized on projects under construction. |
Commodity Prices
The forward prices for power, natural gas, fuel oil and coal decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2009, and we recognized unrealized gains of $254 million. However, the average market price for power decreased at a faster pace than the decline in the average market price of coal during the three months ended March 31, 2009. As a result, the energy gross margin from our baseload coal units was negatively affected by contracting dark spreads, the difference between the price received for electricity generated compared to the market price of the coal required to produce the electricity. We are generally economically neutral for that portion of the portfolio that we have hedged because our realized gross margin will reflect the contractual prices of our power and fuel contracts.
Our coal supply comes primarily from the Central Appalachian and Northern Appalachian coal regions. We enter into contracts of varying terms to secure appropriate quantities of fuel that meet the varying specifications of our generating facilities. For our coal-fired generating facilities, we purchase coal from a variety of suppliers under contracts with terms of varying lengths, some of which extend to 2013. Most of our coal contracts are not required to be recorded at fair value under SFAS 133. As such, these contracts are not included in derivative contract assets and liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2009, the net fair value of these long-term coal agreements was approximately $(138) million.
Granted Emissions Allowances
As a result of the capital expenditures we are incurring to comply with the requirements of the Maryland Healthy Air Act, we anticipate that we will have excess SO2 and NOx emissions allowances in future periods. We plan to continue to maintain some SO2 and NOx emissions allowances above those needed for our current expected generation in case our actual generation exceeds our current forecasts for future periods and for possible future additions of generating capacity. At March 31, 2009, the estimated fair value of our excess SO2 and NOx emissions allowances was approximately $26 million.
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Results of Operations
The following discussion of our performance is organized by reportable segment, which is consistent with the way we manage our business.
In the tables below, the Mid-Atlantic region includes our Chalk Point, Dickerson, Morgantown and Potomac River facilities. The Northeast region includes our Bowline, Canal, Kendall and Marthas Vineyard facilities. For the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Northeast region also included the Lovett generating facility, which was shut down on April 19, 2008. The California region includes our Contra Costa, Pittsburg and Potrero facilities. Other Operations includes proprietary trading and fuel oil management activities. Other Operations also includes unallocated corporate overhead, interest expense on debt at Mirant Americas Generation and Mirant North America and interest income on our invested cash balances.
Operating Statistics
The following table summarizes Net Capacity Factor by region for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008:
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Increase/ (Decrease) |
||||||||
2009 | 2008 | ||||||||
Mid-Atlantic |
33 | % | 36 | % | (3 | )% | |||
Northeast |
16 | % | 15 | % | 1 | % | |||
California |
3 | % | 3 | % | | % | |||
Total |
22 | % | 23 | % | (1 | )% |
The following table summarizes power generation volumes by region for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 (in gigawatt hours):
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Increase (Decrease) |
Increase/ (Decrease) |
||||||||
2009 | 2008 | |||||||||
Mid-Atlantic: |
||||||||||
Baseload |
3,726 | 4,070 | (344 | ) | (8) | % | ||||
Intermediate |
105 | 73 | 32 | 44 | % | |||||
Peaking |
31 | 46 | (15 | ) | (33) | % | ||||
Total Mid-Atlantic |
3,862 | 4,189 | (327 | ) | (8) | % | ||||
Northeast: |
||||||||||
Baseload |
365 | 368 | (3 | ) | (1) | % | ||||
Intermediate |
534 | 513 | 21 | 4 | % | |||||
Total Northeast |
899 | 881 | 18 | 2 | % | |||||
California: |
||||||||||
Intermediate |
176 | 131 | 45 | 34 | % | |||||
Peaking |
| 10 | (10 | ) | (100) | % | ||||
Total California |
176 | 141 | 35 | 25 | % | |||||
Total |
4,937 | 5,211 | (274 | ) | (5) | % | ||||
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The decrease in power generation volumes for the three months ended March 31, 2009, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2008, is primarily the result of decreases in our Mid-Atlantic baseload generation as a result of decreases in natural gas prices at times, making it uneconomic for certain of our coal-fired units to generate.
All of our California facilities operate under tolling agreements or are subject to RMR arrangements. Our natural gas-fired units in service at Contra Costa and Pittsburg operate under tolling agreements with PG&E for 100% of the capacity from these units and our Potrero units are subject to RMR arrangements. Therefore, changes in power generation volumes from those facilities, which can be caused by weather, planned outages, or other factors, generally do not affect our gross margin.
Gross Margin Overview
The following table details realized and unrealized gross margin by operating segments (in millions):
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Realized | Unrealized | Total | Realized | Unrealized | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
Mid-Atlantic |
$ | 264 | $ | 243 | $ | 507 | $ | 264 | $ | (300 | ) | $ | (36 | ) | |||||||||
Northeast |
38 | 26 | 64 | 61 | (9 | ) | 52 | ||||||||||||||||
California |
27 | | 27 | 29 | | 29 | |||||||||||||||||
Other Operations |
27 | (15 | ) | 12 | 11 | 6 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||
Eliminations |
(3 | ) | | (3 | ) | | | | |||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 353 | $ | 254 | $ | 607 | $ | 365 | $ | (303 | ) | $ | 62 | ||||||||||
Gross margin for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, is further detailed as follows (in millions):
Three Months Ended March 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Mid- Atlantic |
Northeast | California | Other Operations |
Eliminations | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
Energy |
$ | 72 | $ | 15 | $ | | $ | 27 | $ | (3 | ) | $ | 111 | ||||||||||
Contracted and capacity |
85 | 22 | 27 | | | 134 | |||||||||||||||||
Realized value of hedges |
107 | 1 | | | | 108 | |||||||||||||||||
Total realized gross margin |
264 | 38 | 27 | 27 | (3 | ) | 353 | ||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gross margin |
243 | 26 | | (15 | ) | | 254 | ||||||||||||||||
Total gross margin |
$ | 507 | $ | 64 | $ | 27 | $ | 12 | $ | (3 | ) | $ | 607 | ||||||||||
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Mid- Atlantic |
Northeast | California | Other Operations |
Eliminations | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
Energy |
$ | 165 | $ | 22 | $ | 1 | $ | 11 | $ | | $ | 199 | |||||||||||
Contracted and capacity |
78 | 24 | 28 | | | 130 | |||||||||||||||||
Realized value of hedges |
21 | 15 | | | | 36 | |||||||||||||||||
Total realized gross margin |
264 | 61 | 29 | 11 | | 365 | |||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gross margin |
(300 | ) | (9 | ) | | 6 | | (303 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total gross margin |
$ | (36 | ) | $ | 52 | $ | 29 | $ | 17 | $ | | $ | 62 | ||||||||||
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Energy represents gross margin from the generation of electricity, fuel sales and purchases at market prices, fuel handling, steam sales and our proprietary trading and fuel oil management activities.
Contracted and capacity represents gross margin received from capacity sold in ISO and RTO administered capacity markets, through RMR contracts, through tolling agreements, and from ancillary services.
Realized value of hedges represents the actual margin upon the settlement of our power and fuel hedging contracts and the difference between market prices and contract costs for coal that we purchased under long-term agreements. Power hedging contracts include sales of both power and natural gas used to hedge power prices as well as hedges to capture the incremental value related to the geographic location of our physical assets.
Unrealized gross margin represents the net unrealized gain or loss on our derivative contracts, including the reversal of unrealized gains and losses recognized in prior periods and changes in value for future periods.
Mid-Atlantic
Our Mid-Atlantic segment, which accounts for approximately 50% of our net generating capacity, includes four generating facilities with total net generating capacity of 5,230 MW.
The following tables summarize the results of operations of our Mid-Atlantic segment (in millions):
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Increase/ (Decrease) |
|||||||||||
2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||
Realized gross margin |
$ | 264 | $ | 264 | $ | | ||||||
Unrealized gross margin |
243 | (300 | ) | 543 | ||||||||
Total gross margin |
507 | (36 | ) | 543 | ||||||||
Operating Expenses: |
||||||||||||
Operations and maintenance |
105 | 97 | 8 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
24 | 21 | 3 | |||||||||
Gain on sales of assets, net |
(8 | ) | | (8 | ) | |||||||
Total operating expenses |
121 | 118 | 3 | |||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
386 | (154 | ) | 540 | ||||||||
Total other expense, net |
1 | | 1 | |||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes |
$ | 385 | $ | (154 | ) | $ | 539 | |||||
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Gross Margin
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Increase/ (Decrease) |
||||||||||
2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Energy |
$ | 72 | $ | 165 | $ | (93 | ) | ||||
Contracted and capacity |
85 | 78 | 7 | ||||||||
Realized value of hedges |
107 | 21 | 86 | ||||||||
Total realized gross margin |
264 | 264 | | ||||||||
Unrealized gross margin |
243 | (300 | ) | 543 | |||||||
Total gross margin |
$ | 507 | $ | (36 | ) | $ | 543 | ||||
Realized gross margin was the same for each period. However, the changes in the components of realized gross margin were principally a result of the following:
| an increase of $86 million in realized value of hedges. In 2009, realized value of hedges was $107 million which reflects the amount by which the settlement value of power contracts exceeded market prices. In 2008, realized value of hedges was $21 million which reflects the amount by which market prices for coal exceeded the contract prices for coal that we purchased under long-term agreements, partially offset by the amount by which market prices exceeded the settlement value of power contracts; |
| an increase of $7 million in contracted and capacity primarily related to higher capacity prices in 2009; partially offset by |
| a decrease of $93 million in energy, primarily as a result of a decrease in power prices and an increase in the cost of emissions allowances. In addition, generation volumes decreased 8% because our Mid-Atlantic baseload units generated less as a result of decreases in natural gas prices at times making it uneconomic for certain of our coal-fired units to generate. These decreases were partially offset by a decrease in the price of coal. |
The increase of $543 million in unrealized gross margin was comprised of the following:
| unrealized gains of $243 million in 2009, which included a $312 million net increase in the value of hedge contracts for future periods primarily related to decreases in forward power and natural gas prices, partially offset by unrealized losses of $69 million from power and fuel contracts that settled during the period for which net unrealized gains had been recorded in prior periods; and |
| unrealized losses of $300 million in 2008, which included a $316 million net decrease in the value of hedge contracts for future periods primarily related to increases in forward power and natural gas prices, partially offset by unrealized gains of $16 million from power and fuel contracts that settled during the period for which net unrealized losses had been recorded in prior periods. |
Operating Expenses
The increase of $3 million in operating expenses is primarily a result of the following:
| an increase of $8 million in operations and maintenance expense primarily a result of outages, an increase in property taxes and an increase in chemical costs related to our installed pollution control equipment; |
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| an increase of $3 million in depreciation and amortization expense related to pollution control equipment placed in service as part of our compliance with the Maryland Healthy Air Act; partially offset by |
| an increase of $8 million in gain on sale of assets related to emissions allowances sold to third parties in 2009. |
Northeast
Our Northeast segment is comprised of our three generating facilities located in Massachusetts and one generating facility located in New York with total net generating capacity of 2,535 MW.
The following tables summarize the results of operations of our Northeast segment (in millions):
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Increase/ (Decrease) |
|||||||||||
2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||
Realized gross margin |
$ | 38 | $ | 61 | $ | (23 | ) | |||||
Unrealized gross margin |
26 | (9 | ) | 35 | ||||||||
Total gross margin |
64 | 52 | 12 | |||||||||
Operating Expenses: |
||||||||||||
Operations and maintenance |
32 | 41 | (9 | ) | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
4 | 6 | (2 | ) | ||||||||
Gain on sales of assets, net |
(2 | ) | (4 | ) | 2 | |||||||
Total operating expenses |
34 | 43 | (9 | ) | ||||||||
Operating income |
30 | 9 | 21 | |||||||||
Total other income, net |
| (1 | ) | 1 | ||||||||
Income from continuing operations before income taxes |
$ | 30 | $ | 10 | $ | 20 | ||||||
Gross Margin
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Increase/ (Decrease) |
||||||||||
2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Energy |
$ | 15 | $ | 22 | $ | (7 | ) | ||||
Contracted and capacity |
22 | 24 | (2 | ) | |||||||
Realized value of hedges |
1 | 15 | (14 | ) | |||||||
Total realized gross margin |
38 | 61 | (23 | ) | |||||||
Unrealized gross margin |
26 | (9 | ) | 35 | |||||||
Total gross margin |
$ | 64 | $ | 52 | $ | 12 | |||||
The decrease of $23 million in realized gross margin was principally a result of the following:
| a decrease of $14 million in realized value of hedges. In 2009, realized value of hedges was $1 million which reflects the amount by which the settlement value of power contracts exceeded market prices, offset by the amount by which contract prices for fuel exceeded |
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market prices for fuel. In 2008, realized value of hedges was $15 million which reflects the amount by which market prices for fuel exceeded the contract prices for fuel and the amount by which the settlement value of power contracts exceeded market prices; and |
| a decrease of $7 million in energy, primarily as a result of a decrease in power prices, an increase in the cost of emissions allowances and the shutdown of the Lovett facility, partially offset by lower fuel costs and an increase in generation volumes from intermediate units. |
The increase of $35 million in unrealized gross margin was comprised of the following;
| unrealized gains of $26 million in 2009, which included a $25 million net increase in the value of hedge contracts for future periods primarily related to decreases in forward power and fuel prices and unrealized gains of $1 million from power and fuel contracts that settled during the period for which net unrealized losses had been recorded in prior periods; and |
| unrealized losses of $9 million in 2008, which included an $11 million net decrease from power and fuel contracts that settled during the period for which net unrealized gains had been recorded in prior periods, partially offset by a $2 million net increase in the value of hedge contracts for future periods. |
Operating Expenses
The decrease of $9 million in operating expenses was primarily the result of a decrease in operations and maintenance expense related to the shutdown of the Lovett facility in April 2008.
California
Our California segment consists of the Contra Costa, Pittsburg and Potrero facilities with total net generating capacity of 2,347 MW.
The following tables summarize the results of operations of our California segment (in millions):
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Increase/ (Decrease) |
||||||||||
2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Realized gross margin |
$ | 27 | $ | 29 | $ | (2 | ) | ||||
Unrealized gross margin |
| | | ||||||||
Total gross margin |
27 | 29 | (2 | ) | |||||||
Operating Expenses: |
|||||||||||
Operations and maintenance |
19 | 18 | 1 | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
5 | 4 | 1 | ||||||||
Gain on sales of assets, net |
(1 | ) | | (1 | ) | ||||||
Total operating expenses |
23 | 22 | 1 | ||||||||
Operating income |
4 | 7 | (3 | ) | |||||||
Total other expense, net |
1 | | 1 | ||||||||
Income from continuing operations before income taxes |
$ | 3 | $ | 7 | $ | (4 | ) | ||||
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Gross Margin
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||||
2009 | 2008 | Decrease | ||||||||
Energy |
$ | | $ | 1 | $ | (1 | ) | |||
Contracted and capacity |
27 | 28 | (1 | ) | ||||||
Total realized gross margin |
27 | 29 | (2 | ) | ||||||
Unrealized gross margin |
| | | |||||||
Total gross margin |
$ | 27 | $ | 29 | $ | (2 | ) | |||
All of our California facilities operate under tolling agreements or are subject to RMR arrangements. Our natural gas-fired units in service at Contra Costa and Pittsburg operate under tolling agreements with PG&E for 100% of the capacity from these units, and our Potrero units are subject to RMR arrangements. Therefore, our gross margin generally is not affected by changes in power generation volumes from those facilities.
Other Operations
Other Operations includes proprietary trading and fuel oil management activities, unallocated corporate overhead, interest expense on debt at Mirant Americas Generation and Mirant North America and interest income on our invested cash balances.
The following tables summarize the results of operations of our Other Operations segment (in millions):
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Increase/ (Decrease) |
|||||||||||
2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||
Realized gross margin |
$ | 27 | $ | 11 | $ | 16 | ||||||
Unrealized gross margin |
(15 | ) | 6 | (21 | ) | |||||||
Total gross margin |
12 | 17 | (5 | ) | ||||||||
Operating Expenses: |
||||||||||||
Operations and maintenance |
6 | 10 | (4 | ) | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
3 | 2 | 1 | |||||||||
Total operating expenses |
9 | 12 | (3 | ) | ||||||||
Operating income |
3 | 5 | (2 | ) | ||||||||
Total other expense, net |
34 | 22 | 12 | |||||||||
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes |
$ | (31 | ) | $ | (17 | ) | $ | (14 | ) | |||
Gross Margin
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Increase/ (Decrease) |
||||||||||
2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Energy |
$ | 27 | $ | 11 | $ | 16 | |||||
Total realized gross margin |
27 | 11 | 16 | ||||||||
Unrealized gross margin |
(15 | ) | 6 | (21 | ) | ||||||
Total gross margin |
$ | 12 | $ | 17 | $ | (5 | ) | ||||
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The increase of $16 million in realized gross margin was principally a result of a $24 million increase in gross margin from proprietary trading activities, partially offset by an $8 million decrease in gross margin from our fuel oil management activities. The increases in proprietary trading activities are a result of an increase in the realized value associated with power positions in 2009 as compared to 2008. The decrease in fuel oil management activities is a result of lower gross margin on sales of fuel oil inventory to third parties and affiliates as a result of lower market prices.
The decrease of $21 million in unrealized gross margin was comprised of the following:
| unrealized losses of $15 million in 2009, which included unrealized losses of $19 million from power and fuel contracts that settled during the period for which net unrealized gains had been recorded in prior periods, partially offset by unrealized gains of $4 million as a result of decreases in forward power and fuel prices; and |
| unrealized gains of $6 million in 2008, which included unrealized gains of $4 million from power and fuel contracts that settled during the period for which net unrealized losses had been recorded in prior periods and unrealized gains of $2 million as a result of increases in forward power and fuel prices. |
Other Expense, Net
The increase of $12 million in other expense, net was principally the result of the following:
| a decrease of $29 million in interest income primarily related to lower interest rates on invested cash and lower average cash balances; partially offset by |
| a decrease of $16 million in interest expense primarily as a result of lower outstanding debt and higher interest capitalized on projects under construction. |
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Funds
The principal sources of liquidity for our future operations and capital expenditures are expected to be: (1) existing cash on hand and cash flows from the operations of our subsidiaries; (2) letters of credit issued or borrowings made under Mirant North Americas senior secured revolving credit facility; and (3) letters of credit issued under Mirant North Americas senior secured term loan.
The table below sets forth total cash, cash equivalents and availability under credit facilities of Mirant and its subsidiaries at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008 (in millions):
At March 31, 2009 |
At December 31, 2008 | |||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents: |
||||||
Mirant Corporation |
$ | 1,445 | $ | 1,469 | ||
Mirant Americas Generation |
19 | | ||||
Mirant North America |
227 | 229 | ||||
Mirant Mid-Atlantic |
197 | 125 | ||||
Other |
17 | 8 | ||||
Total cash and cash equivalents |
1,905 | 1,831 | ||||
Less: Cash restricted and reserved for other purposes |
9 | 2 | ||||
Total available cash and cash equivalents |
1,896 | 1,829 | ||||
Available under credit facilities |
598 | 583 | ||||
Total cash, cash equivalents and credit facilities availability |
$ | 2,494 | $ | 2,412 | ||
We consider all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. At March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, except for amounts held in bank accounts to cover upcoming payables, all of our cash and cash equivalents were invested in AAA-rated United States Treasury money market funds.
Available under credit facilities at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, reflects a $45 million reduction as a result of the expectation that Lehman Commercial Paper, Inc., which filed for bankruptcy protection in October 2008, will not honor its $45 million commitment under the Mirant North America senior secured revolving credit facility.
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We and certain of our subsidiaries, including Mirant Americas Generation and Mirant North America, are holding companies. The chart below is a summary representation of our capital structure and is not a complete corporate organizational chart.
Except for existing cash on hand and, in the case of Mirant North America, borrowings and letters of credit under its credit facilities, the Mirant Corporation, Mirant Americas Generation and Mirant North America holding companies are dependent for liquidity on the distributions and dividends of their subsidiaries. The ability of Mirant North America and its subsidiary Mirant Mid-Atlantic to make distributions and pay dividends is restricted under the terms of their debt agreements and leveraged lease documentation, respectively. At March 31, 2009, Mirant North America had distributed to its parent, Mirant Americas Generation, all available cash that was permitted to be distributed under the terms of its debt agreements, leaving $424 million at Mirant North America and its subsidiaries. Of this amount, $197 million was held by Mirant Mid-Atlantic which, as of March 31, 2009, met the tests under the leveraged lease documentation permitting it to make distributions to Mirant North America. Although Mirant North America is in compliance with its financial covenants, as of March 31, 2009, it is restricted from making distributions by the free cash flow requirements under the restricted payment test of its senior credit facility. The primary factor lowering the free cash flow calculation for Mirant North America is the significant capital expenditure program of Mirant Mid-Atlantic to install emissions controls at its Chalk Point, Dickerson and Morgantown coal-fired units to comply with the Maryland Healthy Air Act. We do not expect the liquidity effect of the restriction on distributions under the Mirant North America senior credit facility to be material given that the majority of our liquidity needs arise
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from the activities of Mirant North America and its subsidiaries, the restriction does not limit Mirant North America from making distributions to Mirant Americas Generation to fund interest payments on its senior notes and the majority of our total available cash and cash equivalents are held unrestricted at Mirant Corporation.
Uses of Funds
Our requirements for liquidity and capital resources, other than for the day-to-day operation of our generating facilities, are significantly influenced by the following activities: (1) capital expenditures; (2) debt service and payments under the Mirant Mid-Atlantic leveraged leases; (3) collateral required for our asset management and proprietary trading and fuel oil management activities; and (4) the development of new generating facilities.
Capital Expenditures. Our capital expenditures, excluding capitalized interest for the three months ended March 31, 2009, were $169 million. Our estimated capital expenditures, excluding capitalized interest, for the period April 1, 2009, through December 31, 2010, are $989 million. See Overview in this Item 2 for further discussion of our capital expenditures.
Cash Collateral and Letters of Credit. In order to sell power and purchase fuel in the forward markets and perform other energy trading and marketing activities, we often are required to provide credit support to our counterparties or make deposits with brokers. In addition, we often are required to provide cash collateral or letters of credit to access the transmission grid, to participate in power pools, to fund debt service and rent reserves and for other operating activities. Credit support includes cash collateral, letters of credit and financial guarantees. In the event that we default, the counterparty can draw on a letter of credit or apply cash collateral held to satisfy the existing amounts outstanding under an open contract. As of March 31, 2009, we had approximately $109 million of posted cash collateral and $287 million of letters of credit outstanding primarily to support our asset management activities, trading activities, debt service and rent reserve requirements and other commercial arrangements. Included in the letter of credit amount outstanding is a cash-collateralized letter of credit in support of our response to a request for proposals for new power generation. Our liquidity requirements are highly dependent on the level of our hedging activities, forward prices for energy, emissions allowances and fuel, commodity market volatility and credit terms with third parties.
The following table summarizes cash collateral posted with counterparties and brokers, letters of credit issued and surety bonds as of March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008 (in millions):
At March 31, 2009 |
At December 31, 2008 | |||||
Cash collateral postedenergy trading and marketing |
$ | 67 | $ | 67 | ||
Cash collateral postedother operating activities |
42 | 44 | ||||
Letters of creditenergy trading and marketing |
73 | 76 | ||||
Letters of creditdebt service and rent reserves |
101 | 101 | ||||
Letters of creditother operating activities |
113 | 124 | ||||
Surety bondsenergy trading and marketing |
25 | 25 | ||||
Total |
$ | 421 | $ | 437 | ||
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Cash Flows
Continuing Operations
Operating Activities. Our cash provided by operating activities is affected by seasonality, changes in energy prices and fluctuations in our working capital requirements. Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations increased $18 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009, compared to the same period in 2008, primarily as a result of the following:
| a decrease in cash used of $41 million related to net accounts receivable and payable primarily related to a decrease in power prices in 2009 compared to the same period in 2008; |
| a decrease in cash used of $40 million because of changes in funds on deposit as a result of decreases in forward commodity prices; |
| an increase in cash provided of $20 million related to collateral posted to us by our counterparties primarily as a result of decreases in forward commodity prices; and |
| a decrease in cash used of $14 million related to other working capital changes. |
The decreases in cash used in and increase in cash provided by operating activities were partially offset by the following:
| an increase in cash used of $77 million for inventory as a result of the purchase of higher volumes of coal at higher contracted prices in 2009 as compared to 2008; |
| an increase in cash used of $17 million for interest expense, net reflecting lower interest income as a result of lower interest rates on invested cash as well as lower average cash balances partially offset by lower interest expense from lower outstanding debt and higher capitalized interest; and |
| a decrease in realized gross margin of $3 million in 2009, compared to the same period in 2008, excluding the non-cash change for lower of cost or market fuel inventory adjustments of $9 million. See Results of Operations for additional discussion of our performance in 2009 compared to the same period in 2008. |
Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations increased by $14 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009, compared to the same period in 2008. This difference was primarily a result of the following:
| an increase in cash used of $25 million for capital expenditures primarily related to our environmental capital expenditures for our Maryland generating facilities; partially offset by |
| an increase in cash provided of $11 million related to proceeds from the sales of emissions allowances to third parties. |
Financing Activities. Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations decreased by $531 million for the three months ended March 31, 2009, compared to the same period in 2008. This difference was primarily a result of the following:
| a decrease in cash used of $411 million for stock repurchases; |
| a decrease in cash used of $124 million for repayments and repurchases of long-term debt; offset by |
| a decrease in cash provided of $4 million for the proceeds from the exercise of stock options and warrants. |
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Discontinued Operations
Operating Activities. In 2009 and 2008, net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations was primarily from the sale of transmission credits from our previously owned Wrightsville Facility.
Investing Activities. In 2008, net cash provided by investing activities from discontinued operations of $16 million related to insurance recoveries for repairs of the Swinging Bridge facility of Mirant NY-Gen.
Other Developments
PJM Reliability Pricing Model Forward Capacity Market. Our Mid-Atlantic facilities sell electricity into the markets operated by PJM. Load-serving entities within PJM are required to have adequate sources of generating capacity. Our facilities located in the Mid-Atlantic region that sell electricity into the PJM market participate in the reliability pricing model (the RPM) forward capacity market. The PJM RPM capacity auctions are designed to provide forward prices for capacity that are intended to ensure that adequate resources are in place to meet the regions demand requirements. PJM has conducted five PJM RPM capacity auctions and we began receiving payments in June 2007 as a result of the first auction. The FERCs orders approving and implementing the PJM RPM capacity auctions have been appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (the DC Circuit). In late February 2009, several parties withdrew their petitions for review of the FERC orders approving and implementing the PJM RPM capacity auctions, and on March 17, 2009, the DC Circuit denied the last remaining petition for review.
On December 12, 2008, PJM filed with the FERC to revise elements of the RPM forward capacity market. PJM intends to implement these changes in time for the May 2009 annual auction for the provision of capacity from June 1, 2012, to May 31, 2013. We filed an opposition to the proposed changes with the FERC. On February 9, 2009, PJM, a coalition of PJM customers (the PJM Load Group), and several state public service commissions filed a settlement agreement with the FERC that, if approved, would materially modify several provisions of the December 2008 filing to the detriment of suppliers in the RPM capacity auction. Under the FERCs rules and regulations, any party to a contested proceeding may unilaterally file a settlement in that proceeding with the FERC. We filed comments opposing the settlement. On March 26, 2009, the FERC issued an order that accepted the majority of changes to elements of the RPM forward capacity market proposed in the December 2008 filing and rejected the majority of changes to elements of the RPM forward capacity market proposed in the February 2009 settlement filing. Numerous parties have sought rehearing of the FERCs March 26, 2009, order.
Regulation of Greenhouse Gases, including the RGGI. Concern over climate change has led to significant legislative and regulatory efforts at the state and federal level to limit greenhouse gas emissions. One such effort is the RGGI, a multi-state initiative in the Northeast outlining a cap-and-trade program to reduce CO2 emissions from units of 25 MW or greater. The RGGI program calls for signatory states to stabilize CO2 emissions to current levels from 2009 to 2015, followed by a 2.5% reduction each year from 2015 to 2018.
In 2009, we expect to produce approximately 16.3 million tons of CO2 at our Maryland, Massachusetts and New York generating facilities. The RGGI regulations require those facilities to obtain allowances to emit CO2 beginning in 2009. No allowances were granted to existing sources of such emissions. Instead, allowances have been made available for such facilities only by purchase through periodic auctions conducted quarterly or through subsequent purchase from a party that holds allowances sold through a quarterly auction process. The Maryland regulations implementing the RGGI also provide that if the allowance clearing price exceeds $7 (adjusted by
52
changes in the consumer price index since 2005) per ton of CO2 in the auctions of allowances that occur during the first three years, Maryland will withhold the remainder of that years allowances from sale in any future auction during that calendar year and make those allowances available by direct sale to generators in Maryland. In this scenario, between zero and 50% of Marylands allowances allocated for sale in that year may be made available for purchase by such generators. Any such allowances made available for each generator to purchase at $7 per ton will be in proportion to each generators annual average heat input during the period 2003 through 2005 as compared to the total average input for all affected Maryland generators in existence at that time.
The third auction of allowances by the RGGI states was held on March 18, 2009. The clearing price for the approximately 31.5 million allowances sold in the auction allocated for use beginning in 2009 was $3.51 per ton. Beginning with this auction, allowances allocated for use beginning in 2012 were also made available, and the clearing price for the approximately 2.2 million of such allowances sold in the auction was $3.05 per ton. The allowances sold in this auction can be used for compliance in any of the RGGI states. Further auctions will occur quarterly through the end of the first compliance period in 2011, with the next auction scheduled for June 17, 2009.
Complying with the RGGI in Maryland, Massachusetts and New York could have a material adverse effect upon our operations and our operating costs, depending upon the availability and cost of emissions allowances and the extent to which such costs may be offset by higher market prices to recover increases in operating costs caused by the RGGI.
In California, emissions of greenhouse gases are governed by Californias Global Warming Solutions Act (AB 32), which requires that greenhouse gas emissions be reduced to 1990 levels by 2020. In December 2008, the California Air Resource Board (CARB) approved a Scoping Plan for implementing AB 32. The Scoping Plan requires that CARB adopt a cap-and-trade regulation by January 2011 and that the cap and trade program begin in 2012. The CARBs schedule for developing regulations to implement AB 32 is being coordinated with the schedule of the Western Climate Initiative (WCI) for development of a regional cap-and-trade program for greenhouse gas emissions. Through the WCI, California is working with six other western states and four Canadian provinces to coordinate and implement a regional cap-and-trade program. AB 32, and any plans, rules and programs approved to implement AB 32, could have a material adverse effect on how we operate our California facilities and the costs of operating the facilities.
In August 2008, Massachusetts adopted Massachusetts Global Warming Solutions Act (the Climate Protection Act), which establishes a program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly over the next 40 years. Under the Climate Protection Act, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection is to establish a reporting and verification system for statewide greenhouse gas emissions, including emissions from generating facilities producing all electricity consumed in Massachusetts, and to determine what the states greenhouse gas emissions level was in 1990. The Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs (MAEEA) is then to establish statewide greenhouse gas emissions limits effective beginning in 2020 that will reduce such emissions from the 1990 levels by a range of 10% to 25% beginning in 2020, with the reduction increasing to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. In setting these limits, the MAEEA is to consider the potential costs and benefits of various reduction measures, including emissions limits for electric generating facilities, and may consider the use of market-based compliance mechanisms. A violation of the emissions limits established under the Climate Protection Act may result in a civil penalty of up to $25,000 per day. Implementation of the Climate Protection Act could have a material adverse effect on how we operate our Massachusetts facilities and the costs of operating those facilities.
In April 2009, the Maryland General Assembly passed the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Act of 2009 (the Maryland Act), which will become effective in October 2009. The
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Maryland Act requires a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in Maryland by 25 percent from 2006 levels by 2020. However, this provision of the Maryland Act is only in effect through 2016 unless a subsequent statutory enactment extends its effective period. The Maryland Act requires the MDE to develop a proposed implementation plan to achieve these reductions by the end of 2011 and to adopt a final plan by the end of 2012.
Various bills have been proposed in Congress to govern CO2 emissions from generating facilities. Also, in light of the United States Supreme Court ruling in Massachusetts v. EPA that greenhouse gases fit within the Clean Air Acts definition of air pollutant, the EPA may also promulgate regulations regarding the emission of greenhouse gases. On April 17, 2009, the EPA issued a proposed determination under a portion of the Clean Air Act that regulates vehicles that greenhouse gases in the atmosphere endanger the publics health and welfare through their contribution to climate change. The EPA has also proposed a rule that would require owners of covered facilities in many sectors of the economy, including power generation, to report annually to the EPA the quantity and source of greenhouse gas emissions released from those facilities in the preceding year. Neither of these agency proposals seek to restrict the emission of CO2, but Congress or the EPA will likely take action to regulate CO2 emissions within the next several years. The final form of such regulation will be influenced by political and economic factors and is uncertain at this time. Current proposals include a cap-and-trade system that would require us to purchase allowances for the CO2 emitted by our generating facilities. While we expect that market prices for electricity would increase following such regulation and would allow us to recover most of the cost of these allowances, we cannot predict with any certainty the actual increases in costs such regulation could impose upon us or our ability to recover such cost increases through higher market rates for electricity, and these regulations could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated statements of operations, financial position or cash flows. We expect to produce approximately 17.8 million total tons of CO2 at our generating facilities in 2009.
Water Regulations. We are required under the Clean Water Act to comply with intake and discharge requirements, technological controls requirements and restrictions on operating practices. To discharge water, we generally need permits required by the Clean Water Act. Such permits typically are subject to review every five years. As with air quality regulations, federal and state water regulations are expected to impose additional and more stringent requirements or limitations in the future. This is particularly the case for regulatory requirements governing cooling water intake structures, which are subject to regulation under section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act (the 316 (b) regulations). A 2007 decision by the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (the Second Circuit) in Riverkeeper Inc. et al v. EPA, in which the court remanded to the EPA for reconsideration numerous provisions of the EPAs section 316(b) regulations for existing power plants, created substantial uncertainty about exactly what technologies or other measures will be needed to satisfy section 316(b) regulations in the future and when any new requirements will be imposed. Following that ruling by the Second Circuit, the EPA in 2007 suspended its 316(b) regulations for existing power plants. Various parties sought review of the Second Circuits decision by the United States Supreme Court, and it granted those requests with respect to the issue whether the EPA could permissibly weigh costs versus benefits in determining what requirements to impose. On April 1, 2009, the Supreme Court reversed the Second Circuit, ruling that the EPA had permissibly relied on cost-benefit analysis in setting standards for cooling water intake structures for existing power plants and authorizing site-specific variances. The Supreme Courts ruling did not alter other aspects of the Second Circuits decision. Accordingly, significant uncertainty remains regarding the effect of the Supreme Courts decision on the EPAs 316(b) regulations for existing power plants and what technologies or other measures will be needed to satisfy section 316(b) regulations.
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Critical Accounting Estimates
The sections below contain updates to our summary of critical accounting estimates included under Item 7, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition, in our 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Revenue Recognition and Accounting for Energy Trading and Marketing Activities
Nature of Estimates Required. We utilize two comprehensive accounting models, an accrual model and a fair value model, in reporting our results of operations and financial position. We determine the appropriate model for our operations based on applicable accounting standards.
The accrual model is used to account for our revenues from the sale of energy, capacity and ancillary services. We recognize revenue when it has been earned and collection is probable as a result of electricity delivered to customers pursuant to contractual commitments that specify volume, price and delivery requirements. Sales of energy are based on economic dispatch, or they may be as-ordered by an ISO or RTO, based on member participation agreements, but without an underlying contractual commitment. ISO and RTO revenues and revenues for sales of energy based on economic dispatch are recorded on the basis of MWh delivered, at the relevant day-ahead or real-time prices.
The fair value model is used to measure fair value on a recurring basis for derivative energy contracts that hedge economically our electricity generating facilities or that are used in our proprietary trading and fuel oil management activities. We use a variety of derivative financial instruments, such as futures, forwards, swaps and option contracts, in the management of our business. Such derivative financial instruments have varying terms and durations, or tenors, which range from a few days to a number of years, depending on the instrument.
Pursuant to SFAS 133, derivative financial instruments are reflected in our consolidated financial statements at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized currently in earnings unless they qualify for a scope exception. Management considers fair value techniques and valuation adjustments related to credit and liquidity to be critical accounting estimates. These estimates are considered significant because they are highly susceptible to change from period to period and are dependent on many subjective factors. The fair value of derivative financial instruments is included in derivative contract assets and liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Transactions that are not accounted for using the fair value model under SFAS 133 are either not derivatives or qualify for a scope exception and are accounted for under accrual accounting. We recognize inception gains and losses, which are transacted at different prices between the bid price and the ask price, immediately in earnings.
Key Assumptions and Approach Used. Determining the fair value of our derivatives is based largely on observable quoted prices from exchanges and independent brokers in active markets. We think that these prices represent the best available information for valuation purposes. For most delivery locations and tenors where we have positions, we receive multiple independent broker price quotes. If no active market exists, we estimate the fair value of certain derivative financial instruments using price extrapolation, interpolation and other quantitative methods. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment. Our techniques for fair value estimation include assumptions for market prices, correlation and volatility. The degree of estimation increases for longer duration contracts, contracts with multiple pricing features, option contracts and off-hub delivery points. Note C to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report explains the fair value hierarchy. Our assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy represent approximately 2% of our total assets and less than 1% of our total liabilities measured at fair value at March 31, 2009.
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The fair value of derivative contract assets and liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets is also affected by our assumptions as to time value, credit risk and non-performance risk. The nominal value of the contracts is discounted using a forward interest rate curve based on LIBOR. In addition, the fair value of our derivative contract assets is reduced to reflect the estimated default risk of counterparties on their contractual obligations to us. The default risk of our counterparties for a significant portion of our overall net position is measured based on published spreads on credit default swaps. The fair value of our derivative contract liabilities is reduced to reflect our estimated risk of default on our contractual obligations to counterparties and is measured based on published default rates of our debt. The credit risk reflected in the fair value of our derivative contract assets and the non-performance risk reflected in the fair value of our derivative contract liabilities are calculated with consideration of our master netting agreements with counterparties and our exposure is reduced by cash collateral posted to us against these obligations.
Effect if Different Assumptions Used. The amounts recorded as revenue or cost of fuel, electricity and other products change as estimates are revised to reflect actual results and changes in market conditions or other factors, many of which are beyond our control. Because we use derivative financial instruments and have not elected cash flow or fair value hedge accounting under SFAS 133, certain components of our financial statements, including gross margin, operating income and balance sheet ratios, are at times volatile and subject to fluctuations in value primarily as a result of changes in energy and fuel prices. Significant negative changes in fair value could require us to post additional collateral either in the form of cash or letters of credit. Because the fair value measurements of our material assets and liabilities are based on observable market information, there is not a significant range of values around the fair value estimate. For our derivative financial instruments that are measured at fair value using quantitative pricing models, a significant change in estimate could affect our results of operations and cash flows at the time contracts are ultimately settled. See Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk for further sensitivities in our assumptions used to calculate fair value. See Note C to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report for further information on derivative financial instruments related to energy trading and marketing activities.
Stock-Based Compensation
Nature of Estimates Required. We account for stock-based compensation through the recognition in the statement of operations of the grant-date fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees and directors. We consider the assumptions inherent in our valuation and calculation of compensation expense critical to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements because the underlying assumptions are subject to significant judgment and the resulting compensation expense may be material to our results of operations.
Key Assumptions and Approach Used. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model was used to measure the grant-date fair value of the stock options. The Black-Scholes model requires certain assumptions concerning implied volatility, dividend yield, expected term and grant price. These assumptions have a significant effect on the options fair value. The expected term and expected volatility often have the most effect on the fair value of the option.
We use our own implied volatility from our traded options in accordance with SAB 107. Additionally, we assume there will be no dividends paid over the expected term of the awards. As a result of our lack of exercise history, the simplified method for estimating expected term has been used in accordance with SAB 107 and SAB 110, to the extent applicable. We plan to continue applying the simplified method in estimating the expected term of future stock option grants until
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we have sufficient exercise history. The grant price used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model is the NYSE closing price of our common stock on the day of grant. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual term of the stock option is based on the United States Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant.
We have determined that all of the awards granted in 2009 and 2008 qualify for equity accounting treatment. Equity accounting treatment requires awards to be measured at the grant-date fair value with compensation expense recognized over the awards requisite service period, with no subsequent re-measurement.
Compensation expense has been adjusted based on estimated forfeitures. During three months ended March 31, 2009, we recognized approximately $4 million of compensation expense related to stock options, restricted shares and restricted stock units.
Effect if Different Assumptions Used. As a result of the uncertainty, complexity and judgment involved in the valuation of stock options, the assumptions related to accounting for share-based payments could result in material changes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements if different assumptions were used. A 10% increase in the volatility assumption for our valuation of stock options would have resulted in an increase of less than $1 million in recognized compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2009. A 1% decrease in the forfeiture rate would result in a change of less than $1 million in the recognized compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2009. Generally, as the expected term, expected volatility and risk-free rate increase, the options fair value increases as a result of greater upside potential of the stock. However, as the expected dividend yield increases, the options fair value may decrease as option holders typically do not receive dividends.
See Note F to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report for additional information on stock-based compensation.
Litigation
See Note I to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report for further information related to our legal proceedings.
We are currently involved in certain legal proceedings. We estimate the range of liability through discussions with applicable legal counsel and analysis of case law and legal precedents. We record our best estimate of a loss, or the low end of our range if no estimate is better than another estimate within a range of estimates, when the loss is considered probable. As additional information becomes available, we reassess the potential liability related to our pending litigation and revise our estimates. Revisions in our estimates of the potential liability could materially affect our results of operations and the ultimate resolution may be materially different from the estimates that we make.
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Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |
We are exposed to market risk, primarily associated with commodity prices. We also consider risks associated with interest rates and credit when valuing our derivative financial instruments.
The estimated net fair value of our derivative contract assets and liabilities was a net asset of $912 million at March 31, 2009. The estimated net fair value of our derivative contract assets and liabilities was a net liability of $433 million at March 31, 2008. The following tables provide a summary of the factors affecting the change in fair value of the derivative contract asset and liability accounts for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively (in millions):
Commodity Contracts | ||||||||||||
Asset Management |
Trading Activities |
Total | ||||||||||
Fair value of portfolio of assets and liabilities at January 1, 2009 |
$ | 549 | $ | 106 | $ | 655 | ||||||
Gains (losses) recognized in the period, net: |
||||||||||||
New contracts and other changes in fair value1 |
225 | (32 | ) | 193 | ||||||||
Roll off of previous values2 |
(65 | ) | (19 | ) | (84 | ) | ||||||
Purchases, issuances and settlements3 |
120 | 28 | 148 | |||||||||
Fair value of portfolio of assets and liabilities at March 31, 2009 |
$ | 829 | $ | 83 | $ | 912 | ||||||
Commodity Contracts | ||||||||||||
Asset Management |
Trading Activities |
Total | ||||||||||
Fair value of portfolio of assets and liabilities at January 1, 20084 |
$ | (133 | ) | $ | 4 | $ | (129 | ) | ||||
Gains (losses) recognized in the period, net: |
||||||||||||
New contracts and other changes in fair value1 |
(308 | ) | 5 | (303 | ) | |||||||
Roll off of previous values2 |
6 | 4 | 10 | |||||||||
Purchases, issuances and settlements3 |
(7 | ) | (4 | ) | (11 | ) | ||||||
Fair value of portfolio of assets and liabilities at March 31, 2008 |
$ | (442 | ) | $ | 9 | $ | (433 | ) | ||||
1 |
The fair value, as of the end of each quarterly reporting period, of contracts entered into during each quarterly reporting period and the gains or losses attributable to contracts that existed as of the beginning of each quarterly reporting period and were still held at the end of each quarterly reporting period. |
2 |
The fair value, as of the beginning of each quarterly reporting period, of contracts that settled during each quarterly reporting period. |
3 |
Denotes cash settlements during each quarterly reporting period of contracts that existed at the beginning of each quarterly reporting period. |
4 |
Reflects our portfolio of derivative contract assets and liabilities at December 31, 2007, adjusted for a day one net gain of $1 million recognized upon adoption of SFAS 157 on January 1, 2008. |
The tables above do not include long-term coal agreements that are not required to be recorded at fair value under SFAS 133. As such, these contracts are not included in derivative contract assets and liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2009, these coal agreements had an estimated net fair value of approximately $(138) million. See Long-Term Coal Agreement Risk for further discussion later in this section.
We did not elect the fair value option for any financial instruments under SFAS 159. However, we do transact using derivative financial instruments, which are required to be recorded at fair value under SFAS 133 in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
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Counterparty Credit Risk
The valuation of our derivative contract assets is affected by the default risk of the counterparties with which we transact. We recognized a reserve, which is reflected as a reduction of our derivative contract assets, related to counterparty credit risk of $59 million and $52 million at March 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.
We have historically calculated the credit reserve for all of our derivative contract assets considering our current exposure, net of the effect of credit enhancements, and potential loss exposure from the financial commitments in our risk management portfolio, and applied historical default probabilities using current credit ratings of our counterparties. In accordance with SFAS 157, we calculate the credit reserve through consideration of observable market inputs, when available. Our non-collateralized power hedges entered into by Mirant Mid-Atlantic with our major trading partners, which represent 69% of our net notional position at March 31, 2009, are senior unsecured obligations of Mirant Mid-Atlantic and the counterparties, and do not require either party to post cash collateral for initial margin or for securing exposure as a result of changes in power or natural gas prices. We calculate a credit reserve using published spreads on credit default swaps applied to our current exposure and potential loss exposure from the financial commitments in our risk management portfolio. We apply a similar approach to calculate the fair value of our coal contracts that are not included in derivative contract assets and liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and which also do not require either party to post cash collateral for initial margin or for securing exposure as a result of changes in coal prices. We do not, however, transact in credit default swaps or any other credit derivative. An increase of 10% in the spread of credit default swaps of our major trading partners for our non-collateralized power hedges entered into by Mirant Mid-Atlantic would result in an increase of $6 million in our credit reserve as of March 31, 2009. An increase of 10% in the spread of credit default swaps of our coal suppliers would result in an increase of approximately $1 million in our credit reserve of our long-term coal agreements that are not included in derivative contract assets and liabilities in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2009.
The default risk for the remainder of the portfolio is generally offset by cash collateral or other credit enhancements. For the remainder of our risk management portfolio, we use published historical default probabilities to calculate a credit reserve applied to our current exposure, net of the effect of credit enhancements, and potential loss exposure from the financial commitments. Potential loss exposure is calculated as our current exposure plus a calculated five-day VaR. An increase in counterparty credit risk could affect the ability of our counterparties to deliver on their obligations to us. As a result, we may require our counterparties to post additional collateral or provide other credit enhancements. A downgrade of one notch in the average credit rating of our counterparties in this portion of the portfolio would result in an increase of $1 million in our credit reserve as of March 31, 2009.
Once we have delivered a physical commodity or have financially settled the credit risk, we are subject to collection risk. Collection risk is similar to credit risk and collection risk is accounted for when we establish our provision for uncollectible accounts. We manage this risk using the same techniques and processes used in credit risk discussed above.
We also monitor counterparty credit concentration risk on both an individual basis and a group counterparty basis. See Note C to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report for further discussion of our counterparty credit concentration risk.
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Mirant Credit Risk
In valuing our derivative contract liabilities, we apply a valuation adjustment for non-performance, which is based on the probability of our default. We determine this non-performance adjustment value by multiplying our liability exposure, including outstanding balances for realized transactions, unrealized transactions and the effect of credit enhancements, by the one-year probability of our default based on our current credit rating. The one-year probability of default rate considers the tenor of our portfolio and the correlation of default between counterparties within our industry. The non-performance adjustment related to our credit risk at March 31, 2009, was immaterial. A downgrade of one notch in our credit rating would have an immaterial effect on our unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations as of March 31, 2009.
Broker Quotes
In determining the fair value of our derivative contract assets and liabilities, we use third-party market pricing where available. We consider active markets to be those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. Our transactions in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy primarily consist of natural gas and crude oil futures traded on the NYMEX and swaps cleared against NYMEX prices. For these transactions, we use the unadjusted published settled prices on the valuation date. Our transactions in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy typically include non-exchange-traded derivatives such as OTC forwards, swaps and options. We value these transactions using quotes from independent brokers or other widely accepted valuation methodologies. Transactions are classified in Level 2 if substantially all (greater than 90%) of the fair value can be corroborated using observable market inputs such as transactable broker quotes. In accordance with the exit price objective under SFAS 157, the fair value of our derivative contract assets and liabilities is determined using bid prices for our assets and ask prices for liabilities. The quotes that we obtain from brokers are non-binding in nature, but are from brokers that typically transact in the market being quoted and are based on their knowledge of market transactions on the valuation date. We typically obtain multiple broker quotes on the valuation date for each delivery location that extend for the tenor of our underlying contracts. The number of quotes that we can obtain depends on the relative liquidity of the delivery location on the valuation date. If multiple broker quotes are received for a contract, we use an average of the quoted bid or ask prices. If only one broker quote is received for a delivery location and it cannot be validated through other external sources, we will assign the quote to a lower level within the fair value hierarchy. In some instances, we may combine broker quotes for a liquid delivery hub with broker quotes for the price spread between the liquid delivery hub and the delivery location under the contract. We also may apply interpolation techniques to value monthly strips if broker quotes are only available on a seasonal or annual basis. We perform validation procedures on the broker quotes at least on a monthly basis. The validation procedures include reviewing the quotes for accuracy and comparing them to our internal price curves. In certain instances, we may discard a broker quote if it is a clear outlier and multiple other quotes are obtained. At March 31, 2009, we obtained broker quotes for 100% of our delivery locations classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Inactive markets are considered those markets with few transactions, non-current pricing or prices that vary over time or among market makers. Our transactions in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy may involve transactions whereby observable market data, such as broker quotes, are not available for substantially all of the tenor of the contract or we are only able to obtain indicative broker quotes that cannot be corroborated by observable market data. In such cases, we may apply valuation techniques such as extrapolation to determine fair value. Proprietary models
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may also be used to determine the fair value of certain of our derivative contract assets and liabilities that may be structured or otherwise tailored. The degree of estimation increases for longer duration contracts, contracts with multiple pricing features, option contracts and off-hub delivery points. Our techniques for fair value estimation include assumptions for market prices, correlation and volatility. At March 31, 2009, our assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy represent approximately 2% of our total assets and less than 1% of our total liabilities measured at fair value. See Note C to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report for further explanation of the fair value hierarchy.
Interest Rate Risk
Fair Value Measurement
We are also subject to interest rate risk when determining the fair value of our derivative contract assets and liabilities. The nominal value of our derivative contract assets and liabilities is also discounted to account for time value using a LIBOR forward interest rate curve based on the tenor of our transactions. An increase of 100 basis points in the average LIBOR rate would result in a decrease of $3 million to our derivative contract assets and a decrease of $2 million to our derivative contract liabilities at March 31, 2009.
Debt
Our debt that is subject to variable interest rates consists of the Mirant North America senior secured term loan and senior secured revolving credit facility. Assuming both are fully drawn, the amount subject to variable interest rates is approximately $1.2 billion. A 1% per annum increase in the average market rate would result in an increase in our annual interest expense of approximately $12 million.
Long-Term Coal Agreement Risk
As noted above, the credit concentration table excludes amounts related to contracts classified as normal purchases/normal sales, including our long-term coal agreements. We have non-performance risk associated with these agreements. There is risk that our coal suppliers may not provide the contractual quantities on the dates specified within the agreements or the deliveries may be carried over to future periods. If our coal suppliers do not perform in accordance with the agreements, we may have to procure coal in the market to meet our needs, or power in the market to meet our obligations. In addition, a number of the coal suppliers do not currently have an investment grade credit rating and, accordingly, we may have limited recourse to collect damages in the event of default by a supplier. We seek to mitigate this risk through diversification of coal suppliers and through guarantees and other collateral arrangements when available. Despite this, there can be no assurance that these efforts will be successful in mitigating credit risk from coal suppliers. Non-performance or default risk by our coal suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our future results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
For a further discussion of market risks, our risk management policy and our use of VaR to measure some of these risks, see Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk in our 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |
Inherent Limitations in Control Systems
A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements because of error or fraud may occur and not be detected. As a result, our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures, or our internal control over financial reporting, will prevent all error and all fraud.
Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b), our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined by Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of March 31, 2009. Based upon this assessment, our management concluded that, as of March 31, 2009, the design and operation of these disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Appearing as exhibits to this report are the certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer required in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Companys internal control over financial reporting that have occurred during the three month period ended March 31, 2009, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Companys internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings |
See Note I to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report for discussion of the material legal proceedings to which we are a party.
Item 1A. | Risk Factors |
Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K includes a discussion of our risk factors. The information presented below updates, and should be read in conjunction with, the risk factors and information disclosed in our 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Except as presented below, there have been no material changes in our risk factors since those reported in our 2008 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Our net operating loss carry forwards could be substantially limited if we experience an ownership change as defined in the Internal Revenue Code.
As of December 31, 2008, we had approximately $3.1 billion of federal NOL carry forwards. Our ability to deduct the NOL carry forwards against future taxable income could be substantially limited if we experience an ownership change, as defined in Section (§) 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, at or near our recent stock price levels. In general, an ownership change would occur if certain shifts in ownership of the Companys stock exceed 50 percentage points measured over a specified period of time. Given §382s broad definition, an ownership change could be the unintended consequence of otherwise normal market trading in the Companys stock that is outside our control. On March 26, 2009, we adopted a stockholder rights plan (the Stockholder Rights Plan) to reduce the likelihood of such an unintended ownership change occurring. However, there can be no assurance that the Stockholder Rights Plan will prevent such an ownership change. Our inability to utilize NOL carry forwards could result in the payment of cash taxes above the amounts currently estimated for future periods and have a negative effect on our future results of operations and financial position.
Under the Stockholder Rights Plan, when a person or group has obtained beneficial ownership of 4.9% or more of our common stock, or an existing holder with greater than 4.9% ownership acquires more shares representing at least an additional 0.2% of our common stock, there would be a triggering event causing potential significant dilution in the economic interest and voting power of such person or group. Such triggering event would also occur if an existing holder with greater than 4.9% ownership but less than 5.0% ownership acquires more shares that would result in such stockholder obtaining beneficial ownership of 5.0% or more of our common stock. The Board of Directors has the discretion to exempt an acquisition of common stock from the provisions of the Stockholder Rights Plan if it determines the acquisition will not jeopardize tax benefits or is otherwise in our best interests.
This Stockholder Rights Plan is limited in life, and the rights expire upon the earliest of (1) the Board of Directors determination that the plan is no longer needed for the preservation of NOLs due to the implementation of legislative changes, or any other change; (2) March 25, 2010; or (3) certain other events described in the Stockholder Rights Plan.
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Item 2. | Share Repurchases |
As of March 31, 2009, we repurchased 55,848 shares for approximately $1 million for the settlement of payroll taxes associated with the vesting of restricted shares and restricted stock units. These restricted shares and restricted stock units relate to grants that were made to executives and certain employees and are not related to a publicly announced share repurchase plan. See Note F contained elsewhere in this report for additional information related to stock-based compensation.
The following table sets forth information regarding repurchases of our common stock during the three-month period ended March 31, 2009:
Period |
Total number of shares repurchased |
Average price paid per share |
Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans |
Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans | ||||||
January 1, 2009January 31, 2009 |
7,141 | $ | 20.46 | | $ | | ||||
February 1, 2009February 28, 2009 |
5,802 | $ | 14.65 | | $ | | ||||
March 1, 2009March 31, 2009 |
42,905 | $ | 9.28 | | $ | | ||||
Total |
55,848 | | ||||||||
Item 6. | Exhibits |
(a) Exhibits.
Exhibit No. |
Exhibit Name | |
3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 3, 2006) | |
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 6, 2008) | |
4.1 | Rights Agreement, dated as of March 26, 2009, between Mirant Corporation and Mellon Investor Services LLC (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 27, 2009) | |
4.2 | The Company agrees to furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, a copy of any instrument defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the Company and all of its consolidated subsidiaries for which financial statements are required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. | |
31.1* | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 7241, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Rule 13a-14(a)) | |
31.2* | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 7241, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Rule 13a-14(a)) | |
32.1* | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Rule 13a-14(b)) | |
32.2* | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Rule 13a-14(b)) |
* | Asterisk indicates exhibits filed herewith. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
MIRANT CORPORATION | ||||||||
Date: May 7, 2009 |
By: | /S/ THOMAS E. LEGRO | ||||||
Thomas E. Legro | ||||||||
Senior Vice President and Controller (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |
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