Edgar Filing: INFINERA CORP

INFN-12.28.2013-10K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K



x	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 28, 2013



¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-33486

Infinera Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware	77-0560433
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)

140 Caspian Court

Sunnyvale, CA 94089

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(408) 572-5200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of Each Class	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value	The NASDAQ Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):



Large accelerated filer x	Accelerated filer ¨	Non-accelerated filer ¨	Smaller reporting company ¨
		(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 28, 2013, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $804,041,830 (based on the closing sales price of the registrant’s common stock on that date). Shares of the registrant’s common stock held by each officer and director and each person who owns more than 5% or more of the outstanding common stock of the registrant have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes. As of February 18, 2014, 122,437,993 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, were issued and outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE


(1)	Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for its 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated.

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INFINERA CORPORATION

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 28, 2013

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		Page
	Part I
Item 1.	Business	1
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	14
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	32
Item 2.	Properties	32
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	32
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	34
	Part II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	35
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	37
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	38
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	56
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	57
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	99
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	99
Item 9B.	Other Information	100
	Part III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	101
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	101
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	101
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	101
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	101
	Part IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	102

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Part I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

Infinera Corporation (“we” or “Infinera”) provides optical transport networking equipment, software and services to communications service providers, internet content providers, cable operators and subsea network operators (collectively, “Service Providers”) across the globe. Optical transport networks are deployed by Service Providers facing significant demands for transmission capacity prompted by increased use of high-speed Internet access, mobile broadband, high-definition video streaming services, business Ethernet services, cloud-based services and wholesale bandwidth services.

We call our solution for Service Providers, the Infinera Intelligent Transport Network. The Intelligent Transport Network is an architecture for Service Providers to address the increasing demand for cloud-based services and data center connectivity. This architecture helps Service Providers increase revenues with reliable, differentiated services while reducing operating costs through scale, multi-layer convergence and automation. The Intelligent Transport Network is based on platforms built with Infinera's unique photonic integrated circuits (“PICs”). As of December 28, 2013, 131 Service Providers had selected the Infinera network solution.

Infinera manufactures what we believe to be the world’s only commercially-deployed, large-scale Indium Phosphide PICs, which are used as a key differentiating component inside our Intelligent Transport Network platforms. Our first generation PICs transmit and receive 100 Gigabits per second (“Gbps”) of wavelength division multiplexing ("WDM") transmission capacity and incorporate the functionality of over 60 discrete optical functions into a pair of PICs approximately the size of a fingernail. Our next-generation PICs, commercially available since the second quarter of 2012, transmit and receive 500 Gbps, incorporating over 600 discrete optical functions into a pair of PICs. Our PICs are combined with high-performance Optical Transport Network (“OTN”) switching capabilities to offer Service Providers a unique combination of highly-scalable transmission capacity and easy to use bandwidth management tools to simplify transport network operations.

Many Service Providers are looking for new network architectures to respond to continued demand for bandwidth across their networks. These architectural changes include scaling optical transmission capacities beyond 100 Gbps and integrating OTN switching capabilities within the optical transport network platform. Infinera’s DTN platform currently supports 10 Gbps and 40 Gbps WDM transmission capacity combined with integrated switching capabilities. Infinera’s DTN-X platform supports 100 Gbps WDM transmission capacity with 500 Gbps super-channels and also integrates 5 Terabits per second (“Tbps”) of OTN switching in a single bay. The DTN-X platform leverages the unique capabilities of our 500 Gbps PICs to deliver our high-capacity Intelligent Transport Networks that reduce power, cooling and space requirements while simplifying transport network operations.

Similar to how silicon integrated circuits changed the dynamics of the computing industry by increasing computing performance and reliability while reducing physical size, power consumption and heat dissipation, we believe Infinera’s PICs change the dynamics of the optical transport network industry by increasing optical performance and reliability while reducing physical size, power consumption and heat dissipation. We fabricate PICs and develop the software and hardware that together comprise the optical transport network platforms at the foundation of our Intelligent Transport Network architecture. We sell these optical transport network platforms to Service Providers along with a comprehensive suite of installation, management and support services. We believe that Service Providers facing increasing demand for greater optical transport network transmission capacity and the need for more favorable network economics will adopt our DTN-X platform.

“Infinera,” “Infinera DTN,” “Infinera DTN-X,” “ATN,” “Infinera Intelligent Transport Network,” “FlexCoherent,” "Infinera Instant Bandwidth," and other trademarks or service marks of Infinera Corporation appearing in this report are the property of Infinera Corporation. This report contains additional trade names, trademarks and service marks of other companies. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other companies.

Infinera was founded in December 2000, originally operated under the name “Zepton Networks,” and is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. We are incorporated in the State of Delaware. Our principal executive offices are located at 140 Caspian Court, Sunnyvale, CA 94089. Our telephone number is (408) 572-5200.

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Industry Background

Optical transport networking equipment carries digital information using light waves over fiber optic networks. The advent of WDM systems has enabled the transmission of larger amounts of data by using multiple wavelengths over a single optical fiber. Service Providers often use WDM systems to carry communications traffic between cities, referred to as long-haul networks, and within large metropolitan areas, referred to as metro networks. Fiber optic networks are generally capable of carrying most types of communications traffic, including conventional long-distance telephone calls, e-mails, web sessions and high-definition video streams. As service traffic grows, Service Providers add transmission capacity to existing optical networks or purchase and deploy additional systems to keep pace with bandwidth demands and service expansion.

We believe that a number of trends in the communications industry are increasing demand for network capacity and ultimately will increase demand for optical transport networking systems. These trends include growth in bandwidth-intensive services like streaming high-definition video services, the proliferation of 4G and WiFi mobile broadband due to the availability of smartphones and tablets, and the emergence of cloud services.

We believe that Service Providers seek the following solutions that will allow them to increase their revenues and/or expand their service offerings:


•	high-capacity solutions that scale transmission capacity to meet increasing bandwidth demand;


•	efficient solutions that optimize performance and increase reliability while reducing physical space, power consumption and heat dissipation;


•	easy to use solutions that reduce the time to deploy new transmission capacity while lowering operational expenses; and


•	improved integration between Internet Protocol equipment such as routers and optical transport networking equipment.

We believe that Infinera’s Intelligent Transport Network architecture is uniquely enabled to deliver improvements in these areas compared to competitive WDM systems that still rely on discrete optical components rather than PICs. We believe that our Intelligent Transport Network architecture enables Service Providers to deploy reliable, high-capacity, efficient optical transport network solutions that are easy to use and improve the integration between the layers of Service Provider networks resulting in the lowest total cost of ownership.

The Infinera Strategy

Our goal is to be a preeminent provider of optical transport networking systems to Service Providers around the world. Key aspects of our strategy to achieve this goal are as follows:

•

Increasing our customer base. We continue to diversify our customer base across multiple customer markets including, long-haul network operators, regional and metro network operators, Tier 1 telecommunications service providers, bandwidth wholesalers, subsea network operators, cable multiple systems operators (“MSOs”) and internet content providers ("ICPs"). In 2014 and beyond, we intend to increase our penetration with existing customers while leveraging our DTN-X platform to target all of these customer markets in geographies around the world. In 2013, we increased our presence outside of the United States, with the addition of new customers in Europe, Russia, the Commonwealth of Independent States, Africa, and Asia Pacific, as well as deployments in the Other Americas. We also had continued success in the submarine market, as subsea network operators deployed Infinera systems over existing subsea networks to increase capacity and utilize the efficiencies of our Intelligent Transport Network.


•	Penetrating adjacent markets. We believe that our Intelligent Transport Network architecture can further benefit submarine network operators and operators with networks that extend to the metro edge. We intend to increase our addressable markets by continually adding functionality to our products and by developing the service and support infrastructure needed to address these markets.


•	Maintaining and extending our technology lead. We intend to continue to incorporate the functionality of additional discrete functions into our PICs in order to continue to increase our technology lead. In addition, we will pursue the expansion of our digital switching and bandwidth management capabilities in order to enhance the performance, scalability and economic advantages of our products.

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•	Continuing investment in PIC manufacturing activities. We believe that our vertical integration and manufacturing capabilities serve as a competitive advantage and intend to continue to invest in the manufacturing capabilities needed to produce new generations of PICs.

Products

Infinera DTN Platform

The Infinera DTN platform utilizes our PIC technology to enable digital processing and management of data with the capability to generate WDM wavelengths and to add, drop, switch, manage, protect and restore network traffic digitally using integrated OTN switching. The DTN platform can automate the connection of circuits and provisioning of new services without costly and cumbersome manual intervention.

Our DTN platform is modular in design to provide Service Providers with the ability to add capacity in a cost-efficient manner. The initial deployment of our DTN platform at a customer site involves the installation of a line system (including common equipment, such as a chassis, amplifiers, management controllers and related equipment). Service Providers can increase the capacity of the DTN platform by purchasing our Digital Line Modules, Tributary Adapter Modules and Tributary Optical Modules. We believe that the density and the modular architecture of the DTN platform enable significant flexibility and scalability for Service Providers. Our current DTN platform delivers 10 Gbps and 40 Gbps wavelengths enabling fiber capacity from 1.6 Tbps to 6.4 Tbps and per-chassis I/O capacity of 400 Gbps.

Our DTN platform is carrier-class, which means that it complies with applicable Telcordia and equivalent major international standards for central office-based network elements. Our DTN platform supports a broad range of optical service interfaces including Ethernet (1 Gigabit Ethernet (“GbE”), 10 GbE, 40 GbE and 100GbE) and separate synchronous optical network/synchronous digital hierarchy.

Infinera Line System

Infinera’s Intelligent Transport Network platforms are built upon and connected to one another using an optical “line system.” The Infinera Line System (“ILS”) provides optical amplification and enables the management communication channels between network nodes. ILS currently supports up to 6.4 Tbps of optical capacity on a single fiber using the DTN platform and up to 8 Tbps of capacity using the DTN-X platform. ILS is fully integrated into Infinera’s management and control software and can be managed across platforms. Infinera’s bandwidth management capabilities allow our customers to manage and utilize the available capacity as a single pool of bandwidth to satisfy customer requirements, including services at speeds from 1 Gbps up to 100 Gbps.

Infinera DTN-X Platform

The DTN-X platform is based on our third generation 500 Gbps PICs that integrate more than 600 discrete optical functions delivering the world’s first 500 Gbps FlexCoherent super-channels, based on 100 Gbps per channel. The DTN-X platform delivers a step function improvement in network economics to help Service Providers more efficiently manage the explosive growth of traffic brought on by video, mobile and cloud-based services. The DTN-X platform is a next-generation multi-terabit packet optical transport platform that is fundamentally three products in one:


•	a dense WDM (“DWDM”) transmission system based on the world’s first 500 Gbps super-channels, unleashing cost-effective DWDM transmission capacity;


•	an integrated OTN switching system that will scale from 5 Tbps in its first release and up to 100 Tbps in the future and will enable operators to efficiently manage larger data transmission with grooming of traffic down to 1 Gbps granularity; and


•	a system that is designed to be upgradeable to Multi-Protocol Label Switching (“MPLS”) switching in the future which will help further enable convergence of the network for improved efficiency, reducing the number interconnections between network layers.

We believe that the convergence of network layers can only be achieved when the best in class performance of each individual layer is realized in a single platform. In most competitive solutions, a Service Provider must make a choice between maximizing either the system’s transmission capacity or its OTN switching capability. The DTN-X platform, unlike other competitive offerings, was designed from the beginning to converge switching with WDM transport without compromising the performance of either function. The purpose-built design centers around three unique technology building blocks – PICs paired with a FlexCoherent Processor, custom

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switching application-specific integrated circuits (“ASICs”) and Generalized MPLS (“GMPLS”) software. We believe that it is the only platform available in the market that will allow all components, including the optical functions based on our PIC technology, to scale in a manner consistent with Moore’s Law-like semiconductor manufacturing economics and, therefore, deliver simultaneously best-of-breed switching, integrated with best-of-breed DWDM.

Infinera DTN-X Platform for Submarine Network Applications

For submarine transport applications, Infinera started shipping Soft-Decision Forward Error Correction ("SD-FEC") enabled super-channels in 2013. With these modules, the DTN-X platform can be used as a Submarine Line Terminating Equipment (“SLTE”) node, increasing the total optical capacity of many traditional submarine systems to a maximum of up to 8 Tbps and distances of up to 10,000 km. Our DTN-X platform leverages its digital operations and software automation to allow Infinera’s SLTE solution to significantly reduce engineering complexity for submarine cable upgrades and to enable lower cost, faster deployment of additional capacity on existing systems.

Infinera ATN Platform

The Infinera ATN platform is a state-of-the-art coarse WDM and DWDM aggregation and transport solution designed with 400 Gbps of total capacity. The ATN platform can be used to extend the benefits of the DTN and DTN-X platforms, and can also be used as a standalone WDM access system.

Implementing numerous features in support of simplicity of use and operation, the ATN platform is a cost-effective, efficient multiservice aggregation and transport platform. The ATN platform supports direct wavelength connectivity to DTN and DTN-X nodes, reducing equipment costs and providing unique network management capabilities across our Intelligent Transport Network.

Infinera IQ Network Operating System

The Infinera IQ Network Operating System is our embedded software operating system, which enables our Service Providers to simplify and speed up the tasks they perform to deliver, differentiate, and manage services and to optimize the utilization of their networks. The IQ Network Operating System for the DTN and DTN-X platforms utilize GMPLS for end-to-end provisioning, protection and restoration services, and a host of performance monitoring and software-definable testing capabilities. The ATN platform supports end-to-end provisioning through software features similar to the DTN and DTN-X platforms.

Infinera Management Suite

The Infinera Management Suite is an element management system used by Service Providers to manage their DTN, DTN-X and ATN platforms. Our management suite software includes our Digital Network Administrator, a scalable, robust, feature-rich element management system, and our Graphical Node Manager, an easy-to-use web-based management interface. Our hardware products, the DTN, DTN-X and ATN platforms, are managed in an integrated fashion by the Infinera Management Suite.

Technology

Intelligent Transport Network Architecture

Infinera was founded with a vision of increasing the functionality and improving the economics of optical transport systems. To that end, our core engineering team consists of optical component and systems experts who have collaborated to create an innovative optical networking architecture that combines the delivery of large amounts of low-cost bandwidth with distributed switching and the embedded software intelligence of bandwidth management to manage larger networks and deliver high-capacity services quickly and cost-effectively. We have focused our efforts, time and capital on developing our Intelligent Transport Network architecture and our system products.

Our Intelligent Transport Network architecture enables Service Providers to create rich end-user experiences based on efficient, high-capacity transport by combining the following elements:


•	Scalability. The proliferation of data centers, rise of big data and increasing consumption of video are fundamentally changing traffic characteristics in operator networks. The Intelligent Transport Network delivers 500 Gb/s FlexCoherent super-channels today and is designed to scale without compromise to enable terabit super-channels and terabit Ethernet in the future.

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•

Convergence. Networks are growing in complexity with the proliferation of chassis, network layers and fiber interconnects. Complexity increases the time it takes to plan and deploy network services and increases the cost of maintenance, operations, power, space and cooling. By converging packet and OTN switching functions the Intelligent Transport Network is designed to reduce complexity while lowering overall network spending without compromising performance.

•

Automation. Network operators face intensifying competition to meet customer demand for immediate bandwidth needs and better visibility into the network. The Intelligent Transport Network features intelligent software control to help simplify multi-layer provisioning. Automation allows end-user control of their own network services and aligns service revenue to transport network growth through capabilities such as Infinera Instant Bandwidth.

Infinera PICs

We believe that our proprietary PICs are a key source of our value proposition and competitive advantage. We manufacture and package our PICs at our own facilities for use exclusively with our DTN and DTN-X platforms. We began the design and manufacture of our PICs shortly after we were founded in December 2000. We employ a multi-disciplinary approach towards the development and manufacture of our PICs, with significant interaction between our manufacturing, system engineering and advanced technology groups. As a leader in the development of photonic integration, we have protected the intellectual property associated with our PIC manufacturing through a combination of trade secrets, patents and contractual protections. We believe that as a result of the combination of the multiple disciplines that were required to develop our PIC, together with the intellectual property protections that we have established, it will be difficult for others to duplicate the technology we have developed.

Our DTN and DTN-X platforms transmit optical capacity, in increments of 100 Gbps and 500 Gbps, respectively, utilizing a pair of PICs. Our 100 Gbps PICs integrate the functionality of 60 optical functions onto a pair of chips, and our 500 Gbps PICs have increased this integration to over 600 discrete functions per pair of chips. We believe that large-scale photonic integration enables significantly improved manufacturing economics for optical networking, allowing future optical transport cost reductions to be viably sustained on a cost curve defined by volume manufacturing efficiencies, greater functional integration, increased device density, and manufacturing yield enhancements.

Infinera FlexCoherent Processor

The term “coherent transmission” generally implies the combination of a number of technologies used to transmit data over optical transport networks. These optical transmission methodologies are based on varying optical technologies, namely: phase modulation, polarization multiplexing, coherent detection and advanced digital signal processing. These “coherent technologies” are used by Service Providers to enable higher data capacities to be transmitted over their existing optical fiber infrastructure, typically using the same or better design rules than those used for 10 Gbps transmission. Typically, a coherent transmitter uses a more complex optical circuit and requires a significantly greater number of optical components than more traditional non-coherent transmission methodologies. Infinera has integrated proprietary coherent technologies onto our FlexCoherent Processor, which works in conjunction with our 500 Gbps PICs to construct a single module. This module incorporates our long-haul FlexCoherent 500 Gbps WDM super-channels with software selectable modulation formats and exceptional optical transport performance.

Super-Channels

Infinera’s DTN-X platform supports five channels of 100 Gbps capacity in a single line card. This 500 Gbps pool of bandwidth is managed as a super-channel that can be deployed in a single operational motion. Competitive solutions would require the installation of five discrete line modules, each turned up with its own operational motion, in order to achieve the same system capacity. This results in competitive advantages not only in the areas of space, power consumption and long-term system reliability, but also a significant reduction in time to repair and operational costs.

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Integrated OTN Switching

OTN offers a highly-structured approach to service multiplexing and switching and enables customers to reduce operational costs and more efficiently utilize higher-capacity bandwidth in their long-haul networks. Historically, the OTN switching and DWDM transport functions have been deployed by Service Providers in separate systems. Our unique PIC technology allows our DTN-X platform to fully integrate DWDM transport and OTN switching capabilities in a single platform, without compromising overall system functionality or capacity. This is achieved by reducing the number of elements and fiber connections in the network, as well as lowering space and power requirements. This results in an improved total cost of ownership for the customer.

Infinera Instant Bandwidth

Infinera Instant Bandwidth enables Service Providers to license the 500 Gbps super-channel pool of bandwidth in 100 Gbps increments. With the Infinera Instant Bandwidth program, Service Providers can instantly provision an additional 100G of transmission capacity on demand without the deployment of any incremental equipment. The Instant Bandwidth program is uniquely enabled by Infinera’s super-channel capability and PICs.

Customers

As of December 28, 2013, we have sold our Intelligent Transport Network platform to 131 customers worldwide, including customers in each of the following markets:


•	Tier-1 domestic carrier;


•	Tier-1 international carrier;


•	Tier-2 carrier


•	competitive local exchange carrier;


•	MSO/cable;


•	internet content provider/data center operator;


•	research and education/government;


•	bandwidth wholesaler; and


•	submarine cable owners.

Some of our announced customers include CenturyLink, Colt, Cox Communications, DANTE, Deutsche Telekom, Equinix, Interoute, KDDI, Level 3, NTT, OTE, Pacnet, Rostelecom, Telefonica, TeliaSonera International Carrier, Telstra Global and Vodafone. In addition, we currently have 45 customer deployments where customers have purchased our ATN platform to extend the Intelligent Transport Network experience to their metro edge deployments. We do not have long-term sales commitments from our customers. No individual customer accounted for over 10% of our revenue in 2013, 2012 or 2011.

Support and Services

In addition to our product offerings, the Infinera provides a comprehensive range of support services for all hardware and software products. These support services cover all phases of network ownership, from the initial installation through day-to-day maintenance activities and professional services. Infinera's support services are designed to efficiently manage and maintain customer network operations in the face of today's ever-increasing demands for lower operational costs and minimized downtime.

Infinera's support organization continues to scale and provide world-class services that successfully support customers in over 70 countries around the world. In addition, we continue to expand our services portfolio in order to meet the needs of our customers.

Sales and Marketing

We market and sell our products and related support services primarily through our direct sales force, supported by marketing and product management personnel. We may also use distribution or support partners to enter new markets or when requested by a potential customer. Our sales team has significant previous experience with the buying process and sales cycles typical of high-value telecommunications products. We expect to continue to add sales and support employees as we grow our business.

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The sales process for our products entails discussions with prospective customers, analyzing their networks and identifying how they can utilize our systems capabilities within their networks. This process requires developing strong customer relationships, and we expect to leverage our sales force and customer support capabilities to establish relationships with both domestic and international Service Providers.

Over the course of the sales cycle, Service Providers often test our products before buying. Prior to commercial deployment, the Service Provider will generally perform a field trial of our products. Upon successful completion, the Service Provider generally accepts the products installed in its network and may continue with commercial deployment of additional products. We anticipate that our sales cycle, from initial contact with a Service Provider through the signing of a purchase agreement, may, in some cases, take several quarters.

Direct Sales Force. Our sales team sells directly to Service Providers worldwide. We maintain a sales presence throughout the United States, as well as in a number of international locations, including Argentina, Belgium, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Russia, and the United Kingdom. We expanded our sales force in 2013 as we prepared to address new geographical markets and to support the sales of our expanded portfolio of products. Going forward, the addition of incremental sales headcount is expected to be success-based and in support of new customer accounts.

Indirect Sales Force. We have and will continue to employ business consultants, resale partners and sales agents to assist in our sales efforts and to accelerate and strengthen our customer relationships. We expect to work with business partners to assist our customers in the sale, deployment and maintenance of our systems and have entered into distribution and resale agreements to facilitate the sale of our products.

Marketing and Product Management. Our product management team is responsible for defining the product features and development plan required to maximize our success in the marketplace. Product management supports our sales efforts with product and application expertise. Our marketing team works to create demand for our products by communicating our value proposition and differentiation through direct customer interaction, public relations, attendance at tradeshows and other events, and via the Internet and other marketing channels.

Research and Development

Continued investment in research and development is critical to our business. To this end, we have assembled a team of engineers with expertise in various fields, including systems, sub-systems and components. Our research and development efforts are currently focused in Sunnyvale, California; Allentown, Pennsylvania; Beijing, China; Bangalore, India; and Kanata, Canada. We have invested significant time and financial resources into the development of our Intelligent Transport Network architecture, and our DTN-X, DTN and ATN platforms, including the IQ Network Operating System and Management Suite software. We will continue to expand our product offerings and capabilities in the future and plan to dedicate significant resources to these continued research and development efforts. We are continually increasing the scalability and software features of our current platforms. We are also working to develop new generations of PICs, and we intend to enable further integration in our Intelligent Transport Network architecture through continued research and development.

Our research and development expenses were $124.8 million, $117.2 million and $127.1 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Employees

As of December 28, 2013, we had 1,318 employees. A total of 484 of those employees were located outside of the United States. None of our U.S. employees are subject to a collective bargaining agreement. Employees in certain foreign jurisdictions may be represented by local workers’ councils and/or collective bargaining agreements, as may be customary or required in those jurisdictions. We have not experienced any work stoppages, and we consider our employee relationships to be good.

Manufacturing

We have invested significant time and capital to develop and improve the manufacturing process that we use to produce and package our PICs. This includes significant investments in personnel, equipment and the facilities needed to manufacture and package our PICs in Sunnyvale, California and Allentown, Pennsylvania. We also have invested in automating our manufacturing process and in training and maintaining the quality of our manufacturing workforce. As a leader in the development of photonic integration, our manufacturing processes have been developed over several years and are protected by a significant number of trade secrets. We believe

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that the trade secrets associated with the manufacturing and packaging of our PICs provide us with a significant competitive advantage.

We use both domestic and international manufacturing partners to manufacture certain components of our products. Our contract manufacturers manufacture our products based on our specifications and bill of materials. In addition, the lead times associated with certain components are lengthy and preclude rapid changes in product specifications or delivery schedules. Despite outsourcing manufacturing operations for cost-effective scale and flexibility, we perform rigorous in-house quality control testing to ensure the reliability of our products. Our supply chain risk mitigation strategies are continuous and are institutionalized in our supply chain design for external manufacturing and for procurement of components. By design, we have three contract manufacturers in three different countries, in a low cost region (one in China), as well as the capability to redirect manufacturing to U.S. qualified factories of two electronic manufacturing services partners.

We believe that our current manufacturing facilities can accommodate an increase in capacity for PIC production sufficient for our current product offerings.

Backlog

As of December 28, 2013, our order backlog was $59.0 million. This backlog is subject to future events that could cause the amount or timing of the related revenue to change, and, in certain cases, may be canceled without penalty. We do not believe that backlog should be viewed as an indicator of future performance. A backlogged order may not result in revenue in a particular period, and the actual revenue may not be equal to our backlog amounts. Our presentation of backlog may not be comparable with that of other companies in our industry.

Competition

The transport network equipment market is highly competitive. Competition in this market is based on any one or a combination of the following factors:


•	price and other commercial terms;


•	functionality;


•	existing business and customer relationships;


•	the ability of products and services to meet customers’ immediate and future network requirements;


•	installation capability;


•	services;


•	scalability; and


•	manufacturing capability.

Competition in the optical transport networking market is dominated by a number of very large, multi-national companies. Many of our competitors have substantially greater name recognition and technical, financial, and marketing resources, and greater manufacturing capacity, as well as better established relationships with the incumbent carriers, than we do. Many of our competitors have more resources to develop or acquire, and more experience in developing or acquiring, new products and technologies and in creating market awareness for these products and technologies. In addition, many of our competitors have the financial resources to offer competitive products at below market pricing levels that could prevent us from competing effectively. Further, many of our competitors have built long-standing relationships with some of our prospective customers and a number of competitors have the ability to provide financing to customers and could, therefore, have an inherent advantage in selling products to those customers.

Our competitors include current WDM suppliers, such as Alcatel-Lucent, Ciena Corporation, Cisco Systems, Coriant, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., and ZTE Corporation. These companies have historically set the competitive benchmarks for price and functionality. There are also smaller companies, including startups, that have announced plans or developed products that would compete for long-haul and metro optical transport business. We also face additional competition in certain market segments from companies which offer one or more products that compete directly or indirectly with our products. In addition, we may compete with other companies as we expand into new markets or as other companies develop products that are competitive with us.

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Intellectual Property

Our success as a company depends upon our ability to protect our core technology and intellectual property. To accomplish this, we rely on a combination of intellectual property rights, including patents, trade secrets, copyrights and trademarks, as well as customary contractual protections.

We rely primarily on trade secret protection for our PIC and PIC manufacturing processes, including design, fabrication and testing of our PICs. However, there can be no assurances that trade secrets will be sufficient to provide us with a competitive advantage or that others have not or will not reverse engineer our designs or discover, develop or disclose the same or similar designs and manufacturing processes.

As of December 28, 2013, we held 247 U.S. patents and 44 international patents expiring between 2021 and 2033, and held 183 U.S. and 70 foreign pending patent applications. We do not know whether any of our pending patent applications will result in the issuance of patents or whether the examination process will require us to narrow our claims.

We may not receive competitive advantages from the rights granted under our patents and other intellectual property. Any patents granted to us may be contested, circumvented or invalidated over the course of our business, and we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing these patents. Therefore, the exact effect of the protection of these patents cannot be predicted with certainty.

We believe that the frequency of assertions of patent infringement is increasing as patent holders, including entities that are not in our industry and who purchase patents as an investment or to monetize such rights by obtaining royalties, use such actions as a competitive tactic as well as a source of additional revenue. We have been sued by Cheetah Omni LLC (“Cheetah”) and Cambrian Science Corporation (“Cambrian”) for alleged infringement of their patents. See the section set forth in Item 3. “Legal Proceedings” for additional information regarding these lawsuits. Any claim of infringement from a third party, even those without merit, could cause us to incur substantial costs defending against such claims, and could distract our management from running our business. Furthermore, a party making such a claim, if successful, could secure a judgment that requires us to pay substantial damages. A judgment could also include an injunction or other court order that could prevent us from selling our products. In addition, we might be required to seek a license for the use of such intellectual property, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Alternatively, we may be required to develop non-infringing technology, which would require significant effort and expense and may ultimately not be successful.

In addition to trade secret and patent protections, we generally control access to and the use of our proprietary software and other confidential information. This protection is accomplished through a combination of internal and external controls, including contractual protections with employees, contractors, customers, and partners, and through a combination of U.S. and international copyright laws. We incorporate a number of third-party software programs into our products pursuant to license agreements.

We license some of our software pursuant to agreements that impose restrictions on our customers’ ability to use such software, such as prohibiting reverse engineering and limiting the use of copies. We also seek to avoid disclosure of our intellectual property by relying on non-disclosure and assignment of intellectual property agreements with our employees and consultants that acknowledge our exclusive ownership of all intellectual property developed by the individual during the course of his or her work with us. The agreements also require that each person maintain the confidentiality of all proprietary information disclosed to them. Other parties may not comply with the terms of their agreements with us, and we may not be able to enforce our rights adequately against these parties. We also rely on contractual rights to establish and protect our proprietary rights in our products.

We incorporate open source software into our products. Although we monitor our use of open source software closely, the terms of many open source licenses have not been interpreted by U.S. courts, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our products. In such event, we could be required to seek licenses from third parties in order to continue offering our products, to re-engineer our products or to discontinue the sale of our products in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Environmental Matters

Our business and operations are subject to environmental laws in various jurisdictions around the world including the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment and Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous

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Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment regulations adopted by the European Union. We seek to operate our business in compliance with such laws. We are currently subject to laws relating to the materials and content of our products and certain requirements relating to product take back and recycling. Environmental regulation is increasing, particularly outside of the United States, and we expect that our international operations will be subject to additional environmental compliance requirements, which may expose us to additional costs. To date, our compliance costs relating to environmental regulations have not resulted in a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Business Segment Data and Our Foreign Operations

We operate in the single industry segment of optical transport networking systems. Information concerning revenues, results of operations and revenues by geographic area is set forth in Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in Note 15, “Segment Information,” of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. Information concerning identifiable assets is also set forth in Note 15, “Segment Information,” of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Information on risks attendant to our foreign operations is set forth below in Item 1A. “Risk Factors.”

Executive Officers and Directors

Our executive officers and directors, and their ages and positions as of December 28, 2013, are set forth below:



Name	Age	Position
Thomas J. Fallon	52	Chief Executive Officer and Director
David F. Welch, Ph.D.⁽³⁾	53	Co-founder, President and Director
Ita M. Brennan	46	Chief Financial Officer (resigned effective February 28, 2014)
Robert J. Jandro	58	Senior Vice President, Worldwide Sales
Alastair A. Short	57	Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Kambiz Y. Hooshmand⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾	52	Chairman of the Board
Kenneth A. Goldman⁽⁴⁾	64	Director
Philip J. Koen⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾	61	Director
Dan Maydan, Ph.D.⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	78	Director
Paul J. Milbury⁽²⁾⁽⁴⁾	65	Director
Carl Redfield⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	66	Director
Mark A. Wegleitner⁽²⁾⁽³⁾	63	Director


(1)	Member of Nominating and Governance Committee


(2)	Member of Compensation Committee


(3)	Member of Technology and Acquisition Committee


(4)	Member of Audit Committee

Thomas J. Fallon has served as our Chief Executive Officer since June 2013 and as a member of our board of directors since July 2009. Mr. Fallon served as our President and Chief Executive Officer from January 2010 to June 2013, and as our Chief Operating Officer from October 2006 to December 2009 and as our Vice President of Engineering and Operations from April 2004 to September 2006. From August 2003 to March 2004, Mr. Fallon was Vice President, Corporate Quality and Development Operations of Cisco Systems, Inc., a networking and telecommunications company. From May 2001 to August 2003, Mr. Fallon served as Cisco’s General Manager of the Optical Transport Business Unit. Mr. Fallon holds a B.S.M.E. and M.B.A. from the University of Texas at Austin, and is currently a member of the Engineering Advisory Board of the University of Texas at Austin.

David F. Welch, Ph.D. co-founded our company and has served as our President since June 2013 and as a member of our board of directors since October 2010. Dr. Welch served as our Executive Vice President, Chief Strategy Officer from January 2004 to June 2013, as our Chief Development Officer/Chief Technology Officer from May 2001 to January 2005, as our Chief Marketing Officer from January 2005 to January 2009, and as a member of

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our board of directors from May 2001 to November 2006. From February 2001 to April 2001, Dr. Welch served as Chief Technology Officer of the Transmission Products Group of JDS Uniphase Corporation, an optical component company. From January 1985 to February 2001, Dr. Welch served in various executive roles, including Chief Technology Officer and Vice President of Corporate Development of SDL Inc., an optical component company. Dr. Welch holds over 130 patents, and has been awarded the Optical Society of America's ("OSA") Adolph Lomb Medal, Joseph Fraunhofer Award, the John Tyndall Award and the IET JJ Thompson Medal for Achievement in Electronics, in recognition of his technical contributions to the optical industry. He is a Fellow of OSA and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ("IEEE"). Dr. Welch holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Delaware and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University.

Ita M. Brennan has served as our Chief Financial Officer since July 2010. Ms. Brennan resigned from the Company effective February 28, 2014. Prior to becoming our Chief Financial Officer, Ms. Brennan served as our Vice President of Finance and Corporate Controller from July 2006 to July 2010. From September 1997 to July 2006, Ms. Brennan held various roles at Maxtor Corporation, an information storage solutions company, including Vice President of Finance of Worldwide Operations. Ms. Brennan is a chartered accountant and public accounting alumna of Deloitte and Touche, having worked at the firm in Ireland and the U.S.

Robert J. Jandro has served as our Senior Vice President, Worldwide Sales, since May 2013. Prior to joining Infinera, Mr. Jandro served as Vice President of Business Development of Openwater Software, Inc., a big data and analytics cloud company, and Chief Executive Officer and President of Nsite Software, Inc., an early cloud company acquired by Business Objects. Before joining Nsite, Mr. Jandro served as the Executive Vice President of Global Sales and Services for ONI Systems. Mr. Jandro worked at Oracle from 1996 to 2000 where he last served as the Group Vice President of Oracle’s Communications and Utilities Industries. Mr. Jandro earned a Masters of Management degree from Northwestern University’s Kellogg Graduate School of Management and a B.S. in Business from the University of Missouri-St. Louis.

Alastair A. Short has served as our Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since September 2013. From December 2011 to June 2013, Mr. Short served as Vice President and General Counsel for Better Place Inc., a company that designed and manufactured the infrastructure for electric vehicles. From June 2003 to December 2011, Mr. Short served as Vice President and General Counsel for 3PAR Inc., a global technology company. Prior to that, Mr. Short helped build two start-up companies, MetaTV and Netigy, and held a number of senior positions at Hitachi Data Systems, including Executive Vice President of Legal Affairs. Mr. Short holds an L.L.B. from the University of Warwick, England. Mr. Short is a member of the New York State Bar and a Solicitor of the Supreme Court of England and Wales.

Kambiz Y. Hooshmand has been a member of our board of directors since December 2009 and has served as Chairman of our board of directors since October 2010. From March 2005 to May 2009, Mr. Hooshmand served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Applied Micro Circuits Corporation, a communications solutions company. From March 2000 to February 2002, Mr. Hooshmand served as Vice President and Division General Manager of the DSL Business Unit of Cisco. From February 2002 to March 2005, Mr. Hooshmand also served as Group Vice President and General Manager of Cisco. From June 1997 to February 2000, Mr. Hooshmand served as Cisco’s Vice President of Engineering. From January 1992 to June 1997, Mr. Hooshmand served as Director of Engineering of StrataCom, Inc., a networking solutions company. Mr. Hooshmand holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from California State University, Chico, and an M.S. in Engineering from Stanford University.

Kenneth A. Goldman has been a member of our board of directors since February 2005. Mr. Goldman is Chief Financial Officer of Yahoo! Inc., responsible for Yahoo!’s global finance functions including financial planning and analysis, controllership, tax, treasury, and investor relations since October 2012. Mr. Goldman served as Senior Vice President, Finance and Administration, and Chief Financial Officer of Fortinet Inc., a provider of unified threat management solutions, from September 2007 to September 2012. From November 2006 to August 2007, Mr. Goldman served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Dexterra, Inc. From August 2000 until March 2006, Mr. Goldman served as Senior Vice President, Finance and Administration, and Chief Financial Officer of Siebel Systems, Inc., a supplier of customer software solutions and services. From December 1999 to December 2003, Mr. Goldman served as an advisory council member of the Financial Accounting Standards Board Advisory Council. Mr. Goldman serves on the board of directors of NXP Semiconductor N.V., a mixed signal and standards product semiconductor company, Gigamon Inc., an intelligent Traffic Visibility solutions provider, and Yahoo Japan Corporation. Mr. Goldman was a member of board of trustees of Cornell University from 2005 to 2013 and was designated as Emeritus Trustee. He was formerly a member of the Treasury Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession, a public committee that made recommendations in September 2008 to encourage a more

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sustainable auditing profession. Mr. Goldman holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University and an M.B.A. from the Harvard Business School.

Philip J. Koen has been a member of our board of directors since February 2010. Mr. Koen has notified us that he will resign as a member of our board of directors effective immediately prior to our upcoming 2014 annual meeting of stockholders and will not be standing for re-election at that meeting. Mr. Koen has been Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer of Intermedia.net, Inc., a cloud-based provider of hosted Microsoft Exchange, collaboration and content management services since June 2011. Since October 2010, Mr. Koen has served as a member of the board of directors for Proofpoint, Inc., a cloud-based email security company. From February 2010 to May 2011, Mr. Koen served as the Chief Executive Officer of Montero Partners, an advisory services company. From March 2006 to January 2010, Mr. Koen served as Chief Executive Officer and Director of SAVVIS, Inc., a cloud infrastructure and hosted IT solutions provider. From July 1999 until February 2006, Mr. Koen was employed by Equinix, Inc., a provider of network neutral data centers and Internet exchange services, as President and Chief Operating Officer and as Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Koen is currently on the board of trustees of Webster University. Mr. Koen holds a B.A. in Economics from Claremont McKenna College and an M.B.A. from the University of Virginia.

Dan Maydan, Ph.D. has been a member of our board of directors since September 2001. From December 1993 to April 2003, Dr. Maydan served as President of Applied Materials Inc., a semiconductor equipment manufacturing company, and was appointed President Emeritus of Applied Materials from April 2003 to December

2012. Dr. Maydan was a member of the board of directors of Applied Materials from June 1992 until March 2006. Since 1996, Dr. Maydan has served on the board of directors of Electronics for Imaging, Inc., a digital imaging and print management solutions company. Dr. Maydan holds a B.S. and an M.S. in Electrical Engineering from the Israel Institute of Technology and a Ph.D. in Physics from Edinburgh University of Scotland.

Paul J. Milbury has been a member of our board of directors since July 2010. Mr. Milbury served as Vice President of Operations and Chief Financial Officer of Starent Networks Corp., a provider of mobile network solutions, from January 2007 until its acquisition by Cisco in 2009. From December 2009 to July 2010, he played a key role in integrating Starent Networks into Cisco to create the Mobile Internet Technology Group. From December 2000 to March 2007, Mr. Milbury served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Avid Technology, Inc., a digital media creation, management, and distribution solutions company. Mr. Milbury serves on the board of directors of Aerohive Networks, a wireless networking company and Accedian Networks, a network performance assurance solutions provider. Mr. Milbury holds a B.B.A. in Business and Economics and an M.B.A. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Carl Redfield has been a member of our board of directors since August 2006. From September 2004 to his retirement in May 2008, Mr. Redfield served as Cisco's Senior Vice President, New England Development Center Executive Sponsor. From February 1997 through September 2004, Mr. Redfield served as Cisco’s Senior Vice President, Manufacturing and Logistics. Mr. Redfield holds a B.S. in Materials Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and has completed post-graduate studies at the Harvard Business School.

Mark A. Wegleitner has been a member of our board of directors since May 2011. Since April 2011, Mr. Wegleitner has served as President of Wegleitner Consulting, LLC, a privately-owned telecommunications consulting company. From September 2007 until his retirement in July 2010, Mr. Wegleitner served as the Senior Vice President, Technology, for Verizon Communications Inc., a telecommunications company, where his responsibilities included technology assessment, network architecture, platform development and laboratory testing for wireline and wireless communications networks. From July 2000 to September 2007, he served as Chief Technology Officer for Verizon, with responsibility for wireline communications technologies. Prior to the creation of Verizon, Mr. Wegleitner held various positions in the Network Services division of Bell Atlantic, a telecommunications company, including Chief Technology Officer from January 1999 to July 2000. Prior to joining Bell Atlantic, he worked at Bell Laboratories and AT&T General Departments. Mr. Wegleitner holds a B.A. in Mathematics from St. John’s University and an M.S. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of California at Berkeley.

Our board of directors is currently composed of nine members. Messrs. Goldman, Hooshmand, Koen, Milbury, Redfield and Wegleitner and Dr. Maydan qualify as independent directors in accordance with the listing requirements of the NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”). The NASDAQ definition of independence includes a series of objective tests, such as that the director is not, and has not been for at least three years, one of our employees and that neither the director, nor any of his family members, has engaged in various types of business dealings with us. In addition, as further required by the NASDAQ rules, our board of directors has made a subjective

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determination as to each independent director that no relationships exist that, in the opinion of our board of directors, would interfere with his exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. In making these determinations, our directors reviewed and discussed information provided by the directors and us with regard to each director’s business and personal activities as they may relate to us and our management.

Available Information

Our website address is http://www.infinera.com. Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K unless expressly noted. We file reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), which we make available on our website free of charge. These reports include Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to such reports, each of which is provided on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with or furnish them to the SEC. You can also read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549. You can obtain additional information about the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains a website (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including us.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Set forth below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in other documents we file with the SEC, are risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Because of the following factors, as well as other variables affecting our operating results, past financial performance should not be considered as a reliable indicator of future performance and investors should not use historical trends to anticipate results or trends in future periods.

We have a history of significant operating losses and may not achieve profitability on an annual basis in the future.

For the fiscal years ended December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, we recorded a net loss of $32.1 million and $85.3 million, respectively. As of December 28, 2013, our accumulated deficit was $604.5 million. We expect to continue to make significant expenditures related to the continued development of our business. These expenditures may include the addition of personnel related to the sales, marketing and research and development of our products and other costs related to the maintenance and expansion of our manufacturing facilities and research and development operations. We may therefore sustain significant operating losses and negative cash flows in the future. We will require increased revenue and product gross margins to achieve profitability on an annual basis.

Our revenue and operating results may fluctuate significantly, which could make our future results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below investor or analyst expectations.

Our revenue and operating results may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. Over the past four fiscal quarters, our revenue has ranged from $124.6 million to $142.0 million and our operating income (loss) has ranged from income of $6.4 million to a loss of $14.9 million. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. Our budgeted expense levels are based, in large part, on our expectations of long-term future revenue and the development efforts associated with these future revenues. As a result, fluctuations in our revenue and gross margins will have a significant impact on our operating results. Given the relatively fixed nature of our operating costs including those relating to our personnel and facilities, particularly for our engineering personnel, any substantial adjustment to our expenses to account for lower levels of revenue will be difficult and may take time. Consequently, if our revenue does not meet projected levels in the short-term, our inventory levels and operating expenses would be high relative to revenue, resulting in additional operating losses.

In addition to other risks discussed in this section, factors that may contribute to fluctuations in our revenue and our operating results include:


•	fluctuations in demand, sales cycles and prices for products and services, including discounts given in response to competitive pricing pressures;


•	fluctuations in our product mix, including the mix of higher and lower margin products and significant mix changes resulting from new customer deployments;


•	changes in customers’ budgets for optical transport network equipment purchases and changes in their purchasing cycles;


•	order cancellations or reductions or delays in delivery schedules by our customers;


•	timeliness of our customers’ payments for their purchases;


•	our ability to control costs, including our operating expenses and the costs of components we purchase for our products;


•	readiness of customer sites for installation of our products;

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•	the timing of product releases or upgrades by us or by our competitors. In particular, if we fail to achieve targeted release dates for our future products, or convert lab trials and field evaluations by potential customers into purchase orders, our revenue and operating results may be negatively impacted;


•	any significant changes in the competitive dynamics of our market, including any new entrants, technological advances or substantial discounting of products;


•	availability of third-party suppliers to provide contract engineering and installation services for us;


•	the timing of recognizing revenue in any given quarter, including the impact of revenue recognition standards and any future changes in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) or new interpretations of existing accounting rules; and


•	general economic conditions in domestic and international markets.

Many factors affecting our results of operations are beyond our control and make it difficult to predict our results for a particular quarter or to accurately predict future revenues beyond a one-quarter time horizon. If our revenue or operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts or below any guidance we may in the future provide to the market, the price of our common stock may decline substantially.

Our gross margins may fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter and may be adversely affected by a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control.

Our gross margins fluctuate from period-to-period and vary by customer and by product specification. Over the past four fiscal quarters, our gross margins have ranged from 34% to 48%. Our gross margins are likely to continue to fluctuate and will be affected by a number of factors, including:


•	the mix in any period of the customers purchasing our products and the product mix, including the relative mix of higher and lower margin products and services;


•	significant new customer deployments, often with a higher portion of lower or negative margin common equipment;


•	price discounts negotiated by our customers;


•	introduction of new products, such as the DTN-X platform, with initial sales at relatively small volumes and higher product costs;


•	sales volume from each customer during the period;


•	the amount of equipment we sell or expect to sell for a loss in any given quarter;


•	increased price competition, including competition from low-cost producers from China;


•	charges for excess or obsolete inventory;


•	changes in the price or availability of components for our products;


•	changes in our manufacturing costs, including fluctuations in yields and production volumes; and


•	increased warranty or repair costs.

It is likely that the average unit prices of our products will decrease over time in response to competitive pricing pressures, increased negotiated sales discounts, new product introductions by us or our competitors or other factors. In addition, some of our customer contracts contain annual technology discounts that require us to decrease the sales price of our products to these customers. In response, we will need to reduce the cost of our products through manufacturing efficiencies, design improvements and cost reductions. If these efforts are not

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successful or if we are unable to reduce our costs to a greater extent than the reduction in the price of our products, our revenue and gross margin will decline, causing our operating results to decline. Fluctuations in gross margin may make it difficult to manage our business and achieve or maintain profitability.

Aggressive business tactics by our competitors may harm our business.

The markets in which we compete are extremely competitive and have resulted in aggressive business tactics by our competitors, including:


•	aggressively pricing their optical transport products and other portfolio products, including offering significant one-time discounts and guaranteed future price decreases;


•	providing financing, marketing and advertising assistance to customers;


•	announcing competing products prior to market availability combined with extensive marketing efforts;


•	influencing customer requirements to emphasize different product capabilities, such as greater minimum bandwidth requirements or higher transport speeds;


•	offering to repurchase our equipment from existing customers; and


•	asserting intellectual property rights.

The level of competition and pricing pressure tend to increase when competing for larger high-profile opportunities or during periods of economic weakness when there are fewer network build-out projects. If we fail to compete successfully against our current and future competitors, or if our current or future competitors continue or expand aggressive business tactics, including those described above, demand for our products could decline, we could experience delays or cancellations of customer orders, or we could be required to reduce our prices or increase our expenses.

Our ability to increase our revenue will depend upon continued growth of demand by consumers and businesses for additional network capacity.

Our future success depends on factors that increase the amount of data transmitted over communications networks and the growth of optical transport networks to meet the increased demand for optical capacity. These factors include the growth of mobility, video, cloud-based services, increased broadband connectivity and the continuing adoption of high-capacity, revenue-generating services. If demand for such bandwidth does not continue, or slows down, the need for increased bandwidth across networks and the market for optical communications network products may not continue to grow and our product sales would be negatively impacted. In addition, if general economic conditions weaken, our customers and potential customers may slow or delay their purchase decisions, which would have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

Any delays in the development and introduction of our products, and any future delays in releasing new products or in releasing enhancements to our existing products may harm our business.

Because our products are based on complex technology, including, in some cases, the development of next-generation PICs and specialized ASICs, we may experience unanticipated delays in developing, improving, manufacturing or deploying these products. The development process for our PICs is lengthy, and any modifications to our PICs, including the development of our next-generation PICs, entail significant development cost and risks.

At any given time, various new product introductions and enhancements to our existing products, such as future products based on our next-generation PICs, are in the development phase and are not yet ready for commercial manufacturing or deployment. We rely on third parties, some of which are relatively early stage companies, to develop and manufacture components for our next-generation products, which can require custom development. The maturing process from laboratory prototype to customer trials, and subsequently to general availability, involves a significant number of simultaneous development efforts. These efforts often must be completed in a timely manner so that they may be introduced into the product development cycle for our systems, and include:

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•	completion of product development, including the completion of any associated PIC development, such as our next-generation PICs, and the completion of associated module development, including modules developed by third parties;


•	the qualification and multiple sourcing of critical components;


•	validation of manufacturing methods and processes;


•	extensive quality assurance and reliability testing and staffing of testing infrastructure;


•	validation of software; and


•	establishment of systems integration and systems test validation requirements.

Each of these steps, in turn, presents risks of failure, rework or delay, any one of which could decrease the speed and scope of product introduction and marketplace acceptance of our products. New generations of our PICs, specialized ASICs and intensive software testing are important to the timely introduction of new products and enhancements to our existing products, and are subject to these development risks. In addition, unexpected intellectual property disputes, failure of critical design elements, and a host of other development execution risks may delay, or even prevent, the introduction of new products or enhancements to our existing products. If we do not develop and successfully introduce or enhance products in a timely manner, our competitive position will suffer. In addition, if we do not develop and successfully introduce or enhance products in sufficient time so as to satisfy our customer’s expectations, we may lose future business from such customers and harm our reputation and our customer relationships, either of which would harm our business and operating results.

The markets in which we compete are highly competitive and dominated by large corporations, and we may not be able to compete effectively.

Competition in the optical transport equipment market is intense, and we expect such competition to increase. A number of very large companies have historically dominated the optical transport network equipment industry. Our competitors include current wavelength division multiplexing suppliers, such as Alcatel-Lucent, Ciena Corporation, Cisco Systems, Ericsson, Fujitsu Limited, Huawei Technologies Co., NEC Corporation, Tellabs and ZTE Corporation. Competition in these markets is based on price, commercial terms, functionality, manufacturing capability, pre-existing installations, services, existing business and customer relationships, scalability and the ability of products and breadth and quality of services to meet our customers’ immediate and future network requirements. Other companies have, or may in the future develop, products that are or could be competitive with our products. In particular, if a competitor develops a photonic integrated circuit with similar functionality to our PICs, our business could be harmed. Recent mergers from our competitors and any future acquisitions or combinations between or among our competitors may adversely affect our competitive position by strengthening our competitors.

Many of our competitors have substantially greater name recognition and technical, financial and marketing resources, greater manufacturing capacity and better established relationships with incumbent carriers and other potential customers than we have. Many of our competitors have more resources to develop or acquire, and more experience in developing or acquiring, new products and technologies and in creating market awareness for those products and technologies. In addition, many of our competitors have the financial resources to offer competitive products at aggressive pricing levels that could prevent us from competing effectively. Further, many of our competitors have built long-standing relationships with some of our prospective customers and have the ability to provide financing to customers and could, therefore, have an inherent advantage in selling products to those customers.

We compete with low-cost producers from China that can increase pricing pressure on us and a number of smaller companies that provide competition for a specific product, customer segment or geographic market. These competitors often base their products on the latest available technologies. Due to the narrower focus of their efforts, these competitors may achieve commercial availability of their products more quickly than we can and may provide attractive alternatives to our customers.

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Our large customers have substantial negotiating leverage, which may require that we agree to terms and conditions that result in increased cost of sales, decreased revenue and lower average selling prices and gross margins, all of which would harm our operating results.

Substantial changes in the optical transport networking industry have occurred over the last few years. Many potential customers have confronted static or declining revenue. Many of our customers have substantial debt burdens, many have experienced financial distress, and some have gone out of business, been acquired by other service providers, or announced their withdrawal from segments of the business. Consolidation in the markets in which we compete has resulted in changes in the structure of the communications networking industry, with greater concentration of purchasing power in a small number of large service providers, cable operators, internet content providers and government agencies. The increased concentration among our customer base may also lead to increased competition for new network deployments and increased negotiating power for our customers. This may require us to decrease our average selling prices which would have an adverse impact on our operating results.

Further, many of our customers are large communications service providers that have substantial purchasing power and leverage in negotiating contractual arrangements with us. Our customers have and may continue to seek advantageous pricing, payment and other commercial terms and may require us to develop additional features in the products we sell to them. If we are required to develop additional features for our product for a customer, we may be required to defer some of our revenue for such a customer until we have developed and delivered such additional features. We have and may continue to be required to agree to unfavorable commercial terms with these customers, including reducing the average selling price of our products or agreeing to extended payment terms in response to these commercial requirements or competitive pricing pressures. To maintain acceptable operating results, we will need to comply with these commercial terms, develop and introduce new products and product enhancements on a timely basis and continue to reduce our costs.

We expect the factors described above to continue to affect our business and operating results for an indeterminate period, in several ways, including:


•	overall capital expenditures by many of our customers or potential customers may be flat or reduced;


•	we will continue to have only limited ability to forecast the volume and product mix of our sales;


•	managing expenditures and inventory will be difficult in light of the uncertainties surrounding our business; and


•	increased competition will enable customers to insist on more favorable terms and conditions for sales, including product discounts, extended payment terms or financing assistance, as a condition of procuring their business.

If we are unable to offset any reductions in our average selling prices with increased sales volumes and reduced production costs, or if we fail to develop and introduce new products and enhancements on a timely basis, or if we disagree on our interpretation and compliance with the commercial terms of our customer agreements, our relationships with our customers and our operating results would be harmed.

We must respond to rapid technological change and comply with evolving industry standards and requirements for our products to be successful.

The optical transport networking equipment market is characterized by rapid technological change, changes in customer requirements and evolving industry standards. We continually invest in research and development to sustain or enhance our existing products, but the introduction of new communications technologies and the emergence of new industry standards or requirements could render our products obsolete. Further, in developing our products, we have made, and will continue to make, assumptions with respect to which standards or requirements will be adopted by our customers and competitors. If the standards or requirements adopted by our prospective customers are different from those on which we have focused our efforts, market acceptance of our products would be reduced or delayed and our business would be harmed.

We are continuing to invest a significant portion of our research and development efforts in the development of our next-generation products. We expect our competitors to continue to improve the performance of their existing products and to introduce new products and technologies and to influence customers’ buying criteria so as to

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emphasize product capabilities that we do not, or may not, possess. To be competitive, we must properly anticipate future customer requirements and we must continue to invest significant resources in research and development, sales and marketing and customer support. If we do not anticipate these future customer requirements and invest in the technologies necessary to enable us to have and to sell the appropriate solutions, it may limit our competitive position and future sales, which would have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition. We may not have sufficient resources to make these investments and we may not be able to make the technological advances necessary to be competitive.

We are dependent on sole source and limited source suppliers for several key components, and if we fail to obtain these components on a timely basis, we will not meet our customers’ product delivery requirements.

We currently purchase several key components for our products from single or limited sources. In particular, we rely on our own production of certain components of our products, such as PICs, and on third parties as sole source suppliers for certain of the components of our products, including ASICs, field-programmable gate arrays, processors, and other semiconductor and optical components. We purchase these items on a purchase order basis and have no long-term contracts with many of these sole source suppliers. We have increased our reliance on third parties to develop and manufacture components for certain products, some of which require custom development. If any of our sole or limited source suppliers suffer from capacity constraints, lower than expected yields, deployment delays, work stoppages or any other reduction or disruption in output, they may be unable to meet our delivery schedule which could result in lost revenue, additional product costs and deployment delays that could harm our business and customer relationships. Further, our suppliers could enter into exclusive arrangements with our competitors, refuse to sell their products or components to us at commercially reasonable prices or at all, go out of business or discontinue their relationships with us. We may be unable to develop alternative sources for these components.

The loss of a source of supply, or lack of sufficient availability of key components, could require us to redesign products that use such components, which could result in lost revenue, additional product costs and deployment delays that could harm our business and customer relationships. If we do not receive critical components for our products in a timely manner, we will be unable to deliver those components to our contract manufacturer in a timely manner and would, therefore, be unable to meet our prospective customers’ product delivery requirements. In addition, the sourcing from new suppliers may require us to re-design our products, which could cause delays in the manufacturing and delivery of our products. In the past, we have experienced delivery delays because of lack of availability of components or reliability issues with components that we were purchasing. In addition, some of our suppliers have gone out of business, limited their supply of components to us, or indicated that they may be going out of business. Historically, we have seen a tightening of supply with a number of our suppliers and we have experienced longer than normal lead times and supply delays. We may in the future experience a shortage of certain components as a result of our own manufacturing issues, manufacturing issues at our suppliers or contract manufacturers, capacity problem experiences by our suppliers or contract manufacturers, or strong demand in the industry for such components. A return to growth in the economy is likely to continue to create pressure on us and our suppliers to accurately project overall component demand and manufacturing capacity. These supplier disruptions may continue to occur in the future, which could limit our ability to produce our products and cause us to fail to meet a customer’s delivery requirements. Such events could harm our reputation and our customer relationships, either of which would harm our business and operating results.

If we fail to accurately forecast demand for our products, we may have excess or insufficient inventory, which may increase our operating costs, decrease our revenue and harm our business.

We are required to generate forecasts of future demands for our products several months prior to the scheduled delivery to our prospective customers. This requires us to make significant investments before we know if corresponding revenue will be recognized. Lead times for materials and components, including ASICs, that we need to order for the manufacture of our products vary significantly and depend on factors such as the specific supplier, contract terms and demand for each component at a given time. In the past, we have experienced lengthening in lead times for certain components. If the lead times for components are lengthened, we may be required to purchase increased levels of such components to satisfy our delivery commitments to our customers.

If we overestimate market demand for our products and, as a result, increase our inventory in anticipation of customer orders that do not materialize, we will have excess inventory, which could result in increased risk of

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obsolescence and significant inventory write-downs. Furthermore, this will result in reduced production volumes and our fixed costs will be spread across fewer units, increasing our per unit costs. If we underestimate demand for our products, we will have inadequate inventory, which could slow down or interrupt the manufacturing of our products and result in delays in shipments and our ability to recognize revenue. In addition, we may be unable to meet our supply commitments to customers, which could result in a loss of certain customer opportunities or a breach of our customer agreements resulting in payment of damages.

If our contract manufacturers do not perform as we expect, our business may be harmed.

We rely on third-party contract manufacturers to perform a significant portion of the manufacturing of our products, and our future success will depend on our ability to have sufficient volumes of our products manufactured in a cost-effective and quality-controlled manner. We have engaged third parties to manufacture certain elements of our products at multiple contract manufacturing sites located around the world but do not have long-term agreements in place with some of our manufacturers and suppliers. There are a number of risks associated with our dependence on contract manufacturers, including:


•	reduced control over delivery schedules, particularly for international contract manufacturing sites;


•	reliance on the quality assurance procedures of third parties;


•	potential uncertainty regarding manufacturing yields and costs;


•	potential lack of adequate capacity during periods of high demand;


•	potential uncertainty related to the use of international contract manufacturing sites;


•	limited warranties on components supplied to us;


•	potential misappropriation of our intellectual property; and


•	potential manufacturing disruptions (including disruptions caused by geopolitical events, military actions or natural disasters).

Any of these risks could impair our ability to fulfill orders. Our contract manufacturers may not be able to meet the delivery requirements of our customers, which could decrease customer satisfaction and harm our product sales. We do not have long-term contracts or arrangements with our contract manufacturers that will guarantee product availability, or the continuation of particular pricing or payment terms. If our contract manufacturers are unable or unwilling to continue manufacturing our products or components of our products in required volumes or our relationship with any of our contract manufacturers is discontinued for any reason, we would be required to identify and qualify alternative manufacturers, which could cause us to be unable to meet our supply requirements to our customers and result in the breach of our customer agreements. Qualifying a new contract manufacturer and commencing volume production is expensive and time-consuming and if we are required to change or qualify a new contract manufacturer, we would likely lose sales revenue and damage our existing customer relationships.

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We are dependent on a small number of key customers for a significant portion of our revenue and the loss of, or a significant reduction in, orders from one or more of our key customers would reduce our revenue and harm our operating results.

A relatively small number of customers account for a large percentage of our revenue. As a result, our business will be harmed if any of our key customers do not generate as much revenue as we forecast, stop purchasing from us, or substantially reduce their orders to us. In addition, our business will be harmed if we fail to maintain our competitive advantage with our key customers.

Our ability to continue to generate revenue from our key customers will depend on our ability to maintain strong relationships with these customers and introduce new products that are desirable to these customers at competitive prices, and we may not be successful at doing so. In most cases, our sales are made to these customers pursuant to standard purchase agreements rather than long-term purchase commitments, and orders may be cancelled or reduced readily. In the event of a cancellation or reduction of an order, we may not have enough time to reduce operating expenses to minimize the effect of the lost revenue on our business. Our operating results will continue to depend on our ability to sell our products to our key customers.

If we fail to expand sales of our products into international markets or to sell our products to new types of customers, such as U.S. regional Bell operating companies and international postal, telephone and telegraph companies, our revenue will be harmed.

We believe that, in order to grow our revenue and business and to build a large and diverse customer base, we must successfully sell our products in international markets and to new types of customers, such as U.S. regional Bell operating companies and international postal, telephone and telegraph companies. We have limited experience selling our products internationally and to U.S. regional Bell operating companies and international postal, telephone and telegraph companies. Sales cycles for these customers are often very lengthy and competition for these customers is intense. To succeed in these sales efforts, we believe we must hire additional sales personnel to develop our relationships with these potential customers and develop and manage new sales channels through resellers, distributors and systems integrators. If we do not succeed in our efforts to sell to these customers, the size of our total addressable market will be limited. This, in turn, would harm our ability to grow our customer base and revenue.

If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our competitive position could be harmed or we could incur significant expense to enforce our rights.

We depend on our ability to protect our proprietary technology. We rely on a combination of methods to protect our intellectual property, including limiting access to certain information, and utilizing trade secret, patent, copyright and trademark laws and confidentiality agreements with employees and third parties, all of which offer only limited protection. The steps we have taken to protect our proprietary rights may be inadequate to preclude misappropriation or unauthorized disclosure of our proprietary information or infringement of our intellectual property rights, and our ability to police such misappropriation, unauthorized disclosure or infringement is uncertain, particularly in countries outside of the United States. This is likely to become an increasingly important issue as we expand our operations and product development into countries that provide a lower level of intellectual property protection. We do not know whether any of our pending patent applications will result in the issuance of patents or whether the examination process will require us to narrow our claims, and even if patents are issued, they may be contested, circumvented or invalidated. Moreover, the rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with a competitive advantage, and, as with any technology, competitors may be able to develop similar or superior technologies to our own now or in the future.

Protecting against the unauthorized use of our products, trademarks and other proprietary rights is expensive, difficult, time consuming and, in some cases, impossible. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce or defend our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity or scope of the proprietary rights of others. Such litigation could result in substantial cost and diversion of management resources, either of which could harm our business, financial condition and operating results. Furthermore, many of our current and potential competitors have the ability to dedicate substantially greater resources to enforce their intellectual property rights than we do. Accordingly, despite our efforts, we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing upon or misappropriating our intellectual property.

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Claims by others that we infringe their intellectual property could harm our business.

Our industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. In particular, many leading companies in the optical transport networking industry, including our competitors, have extensive patent portfolios with respect to optical transport networking technology. We expect that infringement claims may increase as the number of products and competitors in our market increases and overlaps occur. From time to time, third parties may assert exclusive patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights to technologies and related standards that are important to our business or seek to invalidate the proprietary rights that we hold. Competitors or other third parties have, and may continue to assert claims or initiate litigation or other proceedings against us or our manufacturers, suppliers or customers alleging infringement of their proprietary rights, or seeking to invalidate our proprietary rights, with respect to our products and technology. In the event that we are unsuccessful in defending against any such claims, or any resulting lawsuit or proceedings, we could incur liability for damages and/or have valuable proprietary rights invalidated.

Any claim of infringement from a third party, even one without merit, could cause us to incur substantial costs defending against the claim, and could distract our management from running our business. Furthermore, a party making such a claim, if successful, could secure a judgment that requires us to pay substantial damages. A judgment could also include an injunction or other court order that could prevent us from offering our products. In addition, we might be required to seek a license for the use of such intellectual property, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Alternatively, we may be required to develop non-infringing technology, which would require significant effort and expense and may ultimately not be successful. Any of these events could harm our business, financial condition and operating results. Competitors and other third parties have and may continue to assert infringement claims against our customers and sales partners. Any of these claims would require us to initiate or defend potentially protracted and costly litigation on their behalf, regardless of the merits of these claims, because we generally indemnify our customers and sales partners from claims of infringement of proprietary rights of third parties. If any of these claims succeed, we may be forced to pay damages on behalf of our customers or sales partners, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

We are involved in litigation with Cambrian whereby Cambrian alleged that we and seven of our customers infringe one of Cambrian's patents. Information regarding this matter is set forth in Item 3. “Legal Proceedings” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Our manufacturing process is very complex and the partial or complete loss of our manufacturing facility, or a reduction in yields or an inability to scale capacity to meet customer demands could harm our business.

The manufacturing process for certain components of our products, including our PICs, is technically challenging. In the event that any of these manufacturing facilities were fully or partially destroyed, as a result of fire, water damage, or otherwise, it would limit our ability to produce our products. Because of the complex nature of our manufacturing facilities, such loss would take a considerable amount of time to repair or rebuild. The partial or complete loss of any of our manufacturing facilities, or an event causing the interruption in our use of such facility for any extended period of time would cause our business, financial condition and operating results to be harmed.

Minor deviations in the PIC manufacturing process can cause substantial decreases in yields and, in some cases, cause production to be suspended. In the past, we have had significant variances in our PIC yields, including production interruptions and suspensions and may have continued yield variances, including additional interruptions or suspensions in the future. We expect our manufacturing yield for our next-generation PICs to be lower initially and increase as we achieve full production. Poor yields from our PIC manufacturing process or defects, integration issues or other performance problems in our products could limit our ability to satisfy customer demand

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requirements, and could cause us customer relations and business reputation problems, harming our business and operating results.

Our inability to obtain sufficient manufacturing capacity to meet demand, either in our own facilities or through foundry or similar arrangements with third parties, could harm our relationships with our customers, our business and our operating results.

Unfavorable macroeconomic and market conditions may adversely affect our industry, business and gross margins.

Our business depends on the overall demand for additional bandwidth capacity and on the economic health and willingness of our customers and potential customers to make capital commitments to purchase our products and services. As a result of macroeconomic or market uncertainty, we may face new risks that we have not yet identified. In addition, a number of the risks associated with our business, which are disclosed in these risk factors, may increase in likelihood, magnitude or duration.

In the past, unfavorable macroeconomic and market conditions have resulted in sustained periods of decreased demand for optical communications products. These conditions may also result in the tightening of credit markets, which may limit or delay our customers’ ability to obtain necessary financing for their purchases of our products. A lack of liquidity in the capital markets or the continued uncertainty in the global economic environment may cause our customers to delay or cancel their purchases, increase the time they take to pay or default on their payment obligations, each of which would negatively affect our business and operating results. Continued weakness and uncertainty in the global economy could cause some of our customers to become illiquid, delay payments or adversely affect our collection of their accounts, which could result in a higher level of bad debt expense. In addition, currency fluctuations could negatively affect our international customers’ ability or desire to purchase our products.

Challenging economic conditions have from time to time contributed to slowdowns in the telecommunications industry in which we operate. Such slowdowns may result in:


•	reduced demand for our products as a result of constraints on capital spending by our customers, particularly service providers;


•	increased price competition for our products, not only from our competitors, but also as a result of our customer’s or potential customer’s utilization of inventoried or underutilized products, which could put additional downward pressure on our near term gross profits;


•	risk of excess or obsolete inventories;


•	excess manufacturing capacity and higher associated overhead costs as a percentage of revenue; and


•	more limited ability to accurately forecast our business and future financial performance.

A lack of liquidity and economic uncertainty may adversely affect our suppliers or the terms on which we purchase products from these suppliers. It may also cause some of our suppliers to become illiquid. Any of these impacts could limit our ability to obtain components for our products from these suppliers and could adversely impact our supply chain or the delivery schedule to our customers. This also could require us to purchase more expensive components, or re-design our products, which could cause increases in the cost of our products and delays in the manufacturing and delivery of our products. Such events could harm our gross margins and harm our reputation and our customer relationships, either of which could harm our business and operating results.

Product performance problems, including undetected errors in our hardware or software, or deployment delays could harm our business and reputation.

The development and production of new products with high technology content is complicated and often involves problems with software, components and manufacturing methods. Complex hardware and software systems, such as our products, can often contain undetected errors when first introduced or as new versions are released. In addition, errors associated with components we purchase from third parties, including customized

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components, may be difficult to resolve. We have experienced errors in the past in connection with our DTN platform, including failures due to the receipt of faulty components from our suppliers. We suspect that errors, including potentially serious errors, will be found from time to time in our products. Our products may suffer degradation of performance and reliability over time.

If reliability, quality or network monitoring problems develop, a number of negative effects on our business could result, including:


•	delays in our ability to recognize revenue;


•	costs associated with fixing software or hardware defects or replacing products;


•	high service and warranty expenses;


•	delays in shipments;


•	high inventory excess and obsolescence expense;


•	high levels of product returns;


•	diversion of our engineering personnel from our product development efforts;


•	delays in collecting accounts receivable;


•	payment of damages for performance failures;


•	reduced orders from existing customers; and


•	declining interest from potential customers.

Because we outsource the manufacturing of certain components of our products, we may also be subject to product performance problems as a result of the acts or omissions of third parties.

From time to time, we encounter interruptions or delays in the activation of our products at a customer’s site. These interruptions or delays may result from product performance problems or from issues with installation and activation, some of which are outside our control. If we experience significant interruptions or delays that we cannot promptly resolve, the associated revenue for these installations may be delayed or confidence in our products could be undermined, which could cause us to lose customers and fail to add new customers.

Our debt obligations may adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital and will be a burden on our future cash flows and cash resources, particularly if these obligations are settled in cash upon maturity or sooner upon an event of default.

In May 2013, we issued $150 million aggregate principal amount of 1.75% convertible senior notes due June 1, 2018 (the “Notes”). The degree to which we are leveraged could have important consequences, including, but not limited to, the following:


•	our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, litigation, general corporate or other purposes may be limited;


•	a substantial portion of our future cash balance may be dedicated to the payment of the principal of our indebtedness as we have the intention to pay the principal amount of the Notes in cash upon conversion if specified conditions are met or when due, such that we would not have those funds available for use in our business;

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•	if upon any conversion of the Notes we are required to satisfy our conversion obligation with shares of our common stock or if a make-whole fundamental change occurs, our existing stockholders’ interest in us would be diluted; and


•	we may be more vulnerable to economic downturns, less able to withstand competitive pressures and less flexible in responding to changing business and economic conditions.

Our ability to meet our payment obligations under our debt instruments depends on our future cash flow performance. This, to some extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors, as well as other factors which may be beyond our control. There can be no assurance that our business will generate positive cash flow from operations, or that additional capital will be available to us, in an amount sufficient to enable us to meet our debt payment obligations and to fund other liquidity needs. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow to service our debt obligations, we may need to refinance or restructure our debt, sell assets, reduce or delay capital investments, or seek to raise additional capital. If we were unable to implement one or more of these alternatives, we may be unable to meet our debt payment obligations. As a result, we may be more vulnerable to economic downturns, less able to withstand competitive pressures and less flexible in responding to changing business and economic conditions.

We may issue additional shares of our common stock in connection with the conversion of the Notes, and thereby dilute our existing stockholders and potentially adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

In the event that some or all of the Notes are converted into common stock, the ownership interests of existing stockholders will be diluted, and any sales in the public market of any shares of our common stock issuable upon such conversion of the Notes could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock. In addition, the anticipated conversion of the Notes could depress the market price of our common stock.

The accounting method for convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash, such as the Notes, could have a material effect on our reported financial results.

Under Accounting Standards Codification 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, which we refer to as ASC 470-20, an entity must separately account for the liability and equity components of the convertible debt instruments (such as the Notes) that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost. The effect of ASC 470-20 on the accounting for the Notes is that the equity component is required to be included in the additional paid-in capital section of stockholders’ equity on our consolidated balance sheet at the issuance date and the value of the equity component would be treated as debt discount for purposes of accounting for the debt component of the Notes. As a result, we will be required to record a greater amount of non-cash interest expense as a result of the amortization of the discounted carrying value of the Notes to their face amount over the term of the Notes.

The make-whole fundamental change provisions of the Notes may delay or prevent an otherwise beneficial takeover attempt of us.

If a make-whole fundamental change such as an acquisition of our company occurs prior to the maturity of the Notes, under certain circumstances, the conversion rate for the Notes will increase such that additional shares of our common stock will be issued upon conversion of the Notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change. The increase in the conversion rate will be determined based on the date on which the make-whole fundamental change occurs or becomes effective and the price paid (or deemed paid) per share of our common stock in such transaction. This increase will be dilutive to our existing stockholders. Our obligation to increase the conversion rate upon the occurrence of a make-whole fundamental change may, in certain circumstances, delay or prevent a takeover of us that might otherwise be beneficial to our stockholders.

If we lose key personnel or fail to attract and retain additional qualified personnel when needed, our business may be harmed.

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our key management, engineering, sales and marketing, and finance personnel, many of whom would be difficult to replace. For example, senior members of our engineering team have unique technical experience that would be difficult to replace. We do

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not have long-term employment contracts or key person life insurance covering any of our key personnel. Because our products are complex, we must hire and retain a large number of highly trained customer service and support personnel to ensure that the deployment of our products do not result in network disruption for our customers. We believe our future success will depend in large part upon our ability to identify, attract and retain highly skilled managerial, engineering, sales, marketing, finance and customer service and support personnel. Competition for these individuals is intense in our industry, especially in the San Francisco Bay Area where we are headquartered. We may not succeed in identifying, attracting and retaining appropriate personnel. The loss of the services of any of our key personnel, the inability to identify, attract or retain qualified personnel in the future or delays in hiring qualified personnel, particularly engineers and sales personnel, could make it difficult for us to manage our business and meet key objectives, such as timely product introductions.

Our sales cycle can be long and unpredictable, which could result in an unexpected revenue shortfall in any given quarter.

Our products have a lengthy sales cycle, which can extend from six to twelve months and may take even longer for larger prospective customers such as U.S. regional Bell operating companies, international postal, telephone and telegraph companies and U.S. competitive local exchange carriers. Our prospective customers conduct significant evaluation, testing, implementation and acceptance procedures before they purchase our products. We incur substantial sales and marketing expenses and expend significant management effort during this time, regardless of whether we make a sale.

Because the purchase of our equipment involves substantial cost, most of our customers wait to purchase our equipment until they are ready to deploy it in their network. As a result, it is difficult for us to accurately predict the timing of future purchases by our customers. In addition, product purchases are often subject to budget constraints, multiple approvals and unplanned administrative processing and other delays. If sales expected from customers for a particular quarter are not realized in that quarter or at all, our revenue will be negatively impacted.

Our international sales and operations subject us to additional risks that may harm our operating results.

We market, sell and service our products globally. In 2013, 2012 and 2011, we derived approximately 36%, 32% and 30%, respectively, of our revenue from customers outside of the United States. We have sales and support personnel in numerous countries worldwide. In addition, we have a large group of development personnel located in Bangalore, India; Beijing, China; and Kanata, Canada. We expect that significant management attention and financial resources will be required for our international activities over the foreseeable future as we continue to expand our international presence. In some countries, our successes in selling our products will depend in part on our ability to form relationships with local partners. Our inability to identify appropriate partners or reach mutually satisfactory arrangements for international sales of our products could impact our ability to maintain or increase international market demand for our products.

Our international operations are subject to inherent risks, and our future results could be adversely affected by a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including:


•	greater difficulty in collecting accounts receivable and longer collection periods;


•	difficulties of managing and staffing international offices, and the increased travel, infrastructure and legal compliance costs associated with multiple international locations;


•	the impact of recessions in economies outside the United States;


•	tariff and trade barriers and other regulatory requirements or contractual limitations on our ability to sell or develop our products in certain foreign markets;


•	certification requirements;


•	greater difficulty documenting and testing our internal controls;


•	reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;

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•	potentially adverse tax consequences;


•	political and economic instability;


•	effects of changes in currency exchange rates which could negatively affect our financial results and cash flows; and


•	service provider and government spending patterns.

International customers may also require that we comply with certain testing or customization of our products to conform to local standards. The product development costs to test or customize our products could be extensive and a material expense for us.

As we continue to expand our business globally, our success will depend, in large part, on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these and other risks associated with our international operations. Our failure to manage any of these risks could harm our international operations and reduce our international sales.

We may be adversely affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates.

A portion of our sales are to countries outside of the United States, and are in currencies other than U.S. dollars, and therefore subject to foreign currency fluctuation. Accordingly, fluctuations in foreign currency rates could have a material impact on our revenue in future periods. We also have exposure to currency exchange rates as a result of the growth in our non-U.S. dollar denominated operating expense in Europe, Asia and Canada. We currently enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts to reduce the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on accounts receivable denominated in Euro and the British Pound. These hedging programs reduce the impact of currency exchange rate movements on certain transactions, but do not cover all foreign-denominated transactions and therefore do not entirely eliminate the impact of fluctuations in exchange rates which could negatively affect our results of operations and financial condition.

If we fail to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in the future, the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting may be adversely affected.

We are required to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The provisions of the act require, among other things, that we maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Preparing our financial statements involves a number of complex processes, many of which are done manually and are dependent upon individual data input or review. These processes include, but are not limited to, calculating revenue, deferred revenue and inventory costs. While we continue to automate our processes and enhance our review and put in place controls to reduce the likelihood for errors, we expect that for the foreseeable future, many of our processes will remain manually intensive and thus subject to human error.

Any acquisitions we make could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition and operations.

We have made strategic acquisitions of businesses, technologies and other assets in the past. While we have no current agreements or commitments, we may in the future acquire businesses, product lines or technologies. In the event of any future acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve our goals, or they may be viewed negatively by customers, financial markets or investors and we could:


•	issue stock that would dilute our current stockholders’ percentage ownership;


•	incur debt and assume other liabilities; or


•	incur amortization expenses related to goodwill and other intangible assets and/or incur large and immediate write-offs.

Acquisitions also involve numerous risks, including:


•	problems integrating the acquired operations, technologies or products with our own;

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•	diversion of management’s attention from our core business;


•	assumption of unknown liabilities;


•	adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers;


•	increased accounting compliance risk;


•	risks associated with entering new markets; and


•	potential loss of key employees.

We may not be able to successfully integrate any businesses, products, technologies or personnel that we might acquire in the future. Our failure to do so could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Our use and reliance upon development resources in India, China and Canada may expose us to unanticipated costs or liabilities.

We have established development centers in India, China and Canada and expect to continue to increase hiring of personnel for these facilities. There is no assurance that our reliance upon development resources in India, China or Canada will enable us to achieve meaningful cost reductions or greater resource efficiency. Further, our development efforts and other operations in these countries involve significant risks, including:


•	difficulty hiring and retaining appropriate engineering resources due to intense competition for such resources and resulting wage inflation;


•	the knowledge transfer related to our technology and exposure to misappropriation of intellectual property or confidential information, including information that is proprietary to us, our customers and other third parties;


•	heightened exposure to changes in the economic, security and political conditions of India, China and Canada;


•	fluctuation in currency exchange rates and tax risks associated with international operations; and


•	development efforts that do not meet our requirements because of language, cultural or other differences associated with international operations, resulting in errors or delays.

Difficulties resulting from the factors above and other risks related to our operations in these countries could expose us to increased expense, impair our development efforts, harm our competitive position and damage our reputation.

Unforeseen health, safety and environmental costs could harm our business.

Our manufacturing operations use substances that are regulated by various federal, state and international laws governing health, safety and the environment, including the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment and Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment regulations adopted by the European Union. If we experience a problem with these substances, it could cause an interruption or delay in our manufacturing operations or could cause us to incur liabilities for any costs related to health, safety or environmental remediation. We could also be subject to liability if we do not handle these substances in compliance with safety standards for storage and transportation and applicable laws. If we experience a problem or fail to comply with such safety standards, our business, financial condition and operating results may be harmed.

We are subject to governmental import and export controls that could subject us to liability or impair our ability to compete in international markets.

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We are subject to export control laws that limit which products we sell and where and to whom we sell our products. U.S. export control laws also limit our ability to conduct product development activities in certain countries. In addition, various countries regulate the import of certain technologies and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our products or could limit our customers’ ability to implement our products in those countries. Changes in our products or changes in import and export regulations may create delays in the introduction of our products in international markets, prevent our customers with international operations from deploying our products throughout their global systems or, in some cases, prevent the import and export of our products to certain countries altogether. Any change in import and export regulations or related legislation, shift in approach to the enforcement or scope of existing regulations, or change in the countries, persons or technologies targeted by such regulations, could result in decreased use of our products by, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our products to, existing or potential customers with international operations. Failure to comply with these and similar laws on a timely basis, or at all, decreased use of our products or any limitation on our ability to export or sell our products would adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

If we need additional capital in the future, it may not be available to us on favorable terms, or at all.

Our business requires significant capital. We have historically relied on significant outside debt and equity financing as well as cash flow from operations to fund our operations, capital expenditures and expansion. We may require additional capital from equity or debt financings in the future to fund our operations or respond to competitive pressures or strategic opportunities. We have a history of significant operating losses. For 2013, we had a net loss of $32.1 million. In the event that we require additional capital, we may not be able to secure timely additional financing on favorable terms, or at all. The terms of any additional financing may place limits on our financial and operating flexibility. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity, convertible debt securities or other securities convertible into equity, our existing stockholders could suffer dilution in their percentage ownership of our company, and any new securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, if and when we require it, our ability to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be limited and our business will be harmed.

We are subject to government regulations that could adversely impact our business.

The Federal Communications Commission, or FCC, has jurisdiction over the entire U.S. communications industry and, as a result, our products and our U.S. customers are subject to FCC rules and regulations. Current and future FCC regulations affecting communications services, our products or our customers’ businesses could negatively affect our business. In addition, international regulatory standards could impair our ability to develop products for international customers in the future. Moreover, many jurisdictions are evaluating or implementing regulations relating to cyber security, privacy and data protection, which can affect the market and requirements for networking and communications equipment. Delays caused by our compliance with regulatory requirements could result in postponements or cancellations of product orders. Further, we may not be successful in obtaining or maintaining any regulatory approvals that may, in the future, be required to operate our business. Any failure to obtain such approvals could harm our business and operating results.

Natural disasters, terrorist attacks or other catastrophic events could harm our operations.

Our headquarters and the majority of our infrastructure, including our PIC fabrication manufacturing facility, are located in Northern California, an area that is susceptible to earthquakes and other natural disasters. Further, a terrorist attack aimed at Northern California or at our nation’s energy or telecommunications infrastructure could hinder or delay the development and sale of our products. In the event that an earthquake, terrorist attack or other catastrophe were to destroy any part of our facilities, or certain of our contract manufacturers’ facilities, destroy or disrupt vital infrastructure systems or interrupt our operations for any extended period of time, our business, financial condition and operating results would be harmed.

Security incidents, such as data breaches and cyber-attacks, could compromise our intellectual property and proprietary or confidential information and cause significant damage to our business and reputation.

In the ordinary course of our business, we maintain sensitive data on our networks, including data related to our intellectual property and data related to our business and that of our customers and business partners that is considered proprietary or confidential information. We believe that companies in the technology industry have been

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increasingly subject to a wide variety of security incidents, cyber-attacks and other attempts to gain unauthorized access. While the secure maintenance of this information is critical to our business and reputation, our network and storage applications may be subject to unauthorized access by hackers or breached due to operator error, malfeasance or other system disruptions. It may be difficult to anticipate or immediately detect such security incidents or data breaches and the damage caused as a result. Accordingly, a data breach, cyber-attack, or unauthorized access or disclosure of our information, could compromise our intellectual property and reveal proprietary or confidential business information. In addition, these security incidents could also cause us to incur significant remediation costs and expenses, disrupt key business operations, subject us to liability and divert attention of management and key information technology resources, any of which could cause significant harm to our business and reputation.

The trading price of our common stock has been volatile and is likely to be volatile in the future.

The trading prices of our common stock and the securities of other technology companies have been and may continue to be highly volatile. Further, our common stock has limited prior trading history. Factors affecting the trading price of our common stock include:


•	variations in our operating results;


•	announcements of technological innovations, new services or service enhancements, strategic alliances or agreements by us or by our competitors;


•	the gain or loss of customers;


•	recruitment or departure of key personnel;


•	changes in the estimates of our future operating results or external guidance on those results or changes in recommendations by any securities analysts that elect to follow our common stock;


•	market conditions in our industry, the industries of our customers and the economy as a whole; and


•	adoption or modification of regulations, policies, procedures or programs applicable to our business.

In addition, if the market for technology stocks or the stock market in general experiences loss of investor confidence, the trading price of our common stock could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, financial condition or operating results. The trading price of our common stock might also decline in reaction to events that affect other companies in our industry even if these events do not directly affect us. Each of these factors, among others, could harm the value of your investment in our common stock. Some companies that have had volatile market prices for their securities have had securities class action lawsuits filed against them. If a suit were filed against us, regardless of its merits or outcome, it could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources.

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law could discourage delay or prevent a change in control of our company and may affect the trading price of our common stock.

We are a Delaware corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which apply to us, may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a change in our management or control over us that stockholders may consider favorable. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws:


•	authorize the issuance of “blank check” convertible preferred stock that could be issued by our board of directors to thwart a takeover attempt;

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•	establish a classified board of directors, as a result of which the successors to the directors whose terms have expired will be elected to serve from the time of election and qualification until the third annual meeting following their election;


•	require that directors only be removed from office for cause and only upon a supermajority stockholder vote;


•	provide that vacancies on the board of directors, including newly-created directorships, may be filled only by a majority vote of directors then in office rather than by stockholders;


•	prevent stockholders from calling special meetings; and


•	prohibit stockholder action by written consent, requiring all actions to be taken at a meeting of the stockholders.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our headquarters are located in Sunnyvale, California. We lease facilities in North America, Europe and Asia. The following is a summary of the locations, functions and approximate square footage of those facilities as of December 28, 2013:



Location	Function	Square Footage
Sunnyvale, CA	Corporate headquarters and manufacturing	211,000
Allentown, PA	Manufacturing and research and development	44,000
Annapolis Junction, MD	Research and development, service and support	12,000
Bangalore, India	Research and development	59,000
Beijing, China	Research and development	22,000
Kanata, Canada	Research and development	6,000
London, United Kingdom	Sales, service and support	6,000
Hong Kong, China	Sales, service and support	2,000
Tokyo, Japan	Sales and support	2,000

The above leases expire between 2014 and 2023. We intend to add new facilities and to expand existing facilities as we add employees, and we believe that suitable additional or substitute space will be available as needed to accommodate any such expansion of our operations. We believe that our existing facilities are adequate to meet our business needs through the next 12 months.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Cheetah Patent Infringement Litigation

On May 9, 2006, we and Level 3 were sued by Cheetah in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas Texarkana Division for alleged infringement of patent no. 6,795,605 (the “‘605 Patent”), and a continuation thereof. On May 16, 2006, Cheetah filed an amended complaint, which requested an order to enjoin the sale of our DTN platform and to recover all damages caused by the alleged willful infringement including any and all compensatory damages available by law, such as actual and punitive damages, attorneys’ fees, associated interest and Cheetah’s costs incurred in the lawsuit. Cheetah’s complaint does not request a specific dollar amount for these compensatory damages. We are contractually obligated to indemnify Level 3 for damages suffered by Level 3 to the extent its product supplied by us is found to infringe, and we have assumed the defense of this matter. On July 20, 2006, we and Level 3 filed an amended response denying all infringement claims under the ‘605 Patent and asserting that the claims of the ‘605 Patent are invalid and that the DTN platform does not infringe the ‘605 Patent. On November 28, 2006, Cheetah filed a second amended complaint and added patent no. 7,142,347 (the “‘347 Patent”) to the lawsuit. On December 18, 2006, we and Level 3 filed responses to Cheetah’s second amended complaint denying all infringement claims under the ‘347 Patent and we and Level 3 asserted counterclaims against Cheetah asserting that the claims are invalid and that the DTN platform does not infringe the patents.

On January 30, 2007, Cheetah filed a third amended complaint adding additional assertions of infringement for the two patents in suit. On February 16, 2007, we and Level 3 filed responses to Cheetah’s third amended complaint denying all infringement claims, and we and Level 3 asserted counterclaims against Cheetah asserting that the claims of the patents are invalid and that the DTN platform does not infringe the patents.

On March 14, 2007, we submitted requests to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (the “U.S. PTO”) for inter partes reexamination of the ‘605 Patent and the ‘347 Patent asking the U.S. PTO to reexamine the patents based on prior art in order to invalidate the patents or limit the scope of each patent’s claims.

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On April 12, 2007, the court granted the motion staying all proceedings in the lawsuit. On June 26, 2007, the U.S. PTO also ordered reexamination of the ‘605 Patent and on August 1, 2007, the U.S. PTO ordered reexamination of the ‘347 Patent. As a result, all proceedings in this lawsuit were stayed until the final resolution of these reexaminations.

In a communication we received from the U.S. PTO dated December 4, 2009, we were advised that various claims in the ‘347 Patent reexamination have been allowed, while other claims have been rejected. In a communication we received from the U.S. PTO dated June 22, 2010, we were advised that various claims in the ‘605 Patent reexamination have been allowed, while other claims have been rejected.

On March 30, 2012, the Board Patent Appeals Interferences (“BPAI”) affirmed the Examiner’s allowance of certain claims in the reexamination of the ‘347 Patent and ‘605 Patent. We filed a request for reconsideration of the BPAI’s decision on April 30, 2012, which was denied in a Decision on Request for Rehearing dated September 27, 2012. We have appealed the BPAI’s decision to the Court of Appeals of the Federal Circuit in a Notice of Appeal dated November 26, 2012. On November 9, 2012, Cheetah’s counsel filed another motion requesting the court to lift the stay. The court granted Cheetah’s motion and lifted the stay in an order dated January 8, 2013.

A hearing was held on July 16, 2013, during which the parties presented evidence to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas Texarkana Division regarding the interpretation of various claim terms of U.S. patent nos. 6,795,605 and 7,142,347. On July 24, 2013, the Court issued an order regarding claim construction, in which the Court agreed with some of our proposed claim constructions.

On June 10, 2013, we filed a Petition for Inter Partes Review to challenge the validity of Cheetah’s U.S. patent no. 6,888,661 (the “‘661 Patent”) in a separate proceeding before the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Cheetah has sued Finisar Corporation for infringement of the ‘661 Patent in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.

On November 18, 2013, we entered into a settlement agreement with Cheetah to settle all outstanding issues between us and Cheetah. On December 3, 2013, we paid Cheetah an insignificant amount that did not result in a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Cambrian Science Patent Infringement Litigation

On July 12, 2011, we were notified by Level 3 that Cambrian filed suit against Level 3 and six other defendants, including Cox Communications, Inc., XO Communications, LLC, Global Crossing Limited, 360Networks (USA), Inc., Integra Telecom, Inc. and IXC, Inc. dba Telekenex (collectively, the “Defendants”) in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California alleging infringement of patent no. 6,775,312 (the “’312 Patent”) and requesting damages for such alleged infringement (the “Cambrian Claim”). The nature of the Cambrian Claim involves allegations of infringement of the ’312 Patent resulting from the Defendants’ use of certain products and systems in the Defendants’ networks, including our DTN platform. On August 24, 2011, Cambrian amended the complaint to name Infinera as a defendant. We assumed the defense of the Cambrian Claim and filed an answer to Cambrian’s complaint on September 21, 2011, in which we denied infringement of the ‘312 Patent and raised other defenses. Cambrian filed a second amended complaint on October 6, 2011, which included many of the same allegations as in the original complaint. We filed our answer to the second amended complaint on October 21, 2011, in which we maintained the same denials and defenses as in our initial answer. On December 23, 2011, we filed a motion requesting that the court stay the case with respect to each of the above-noted customer Defendants. Cambrian filed its opposition to our motion on December 30, 2011. Our request was denied in the court’s decision on March 7, 2012. We presented evidence on the appropriate meanings of relevant key words used in the patent claims during a claim construction hearing on November 20, 2012.

On June 17, 2013, the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California issued an order regarding claim construction, in which the Court agreed with some of our proposed claim constructions.

Based on the information available at this time, we concluded that the likelihood of a loss with respect to this suit is reasonably possible. We have further concluded that the range of the reasonably possible loss is an insignificant amount and will not have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position,

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results of operations, or cash flows. Accordingly, we accrued an insignificant amount during the fourth quarter of 2013 which did not have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Factors that we considered in the determination of the likelihood of a loss and the estimate of that loss in respect to this matter included the merits of the case, the nature of the litigation (including the complex and technical nature of patent litigation), the length of time the matter has been pending, the status of the plaintiff as a non-operating entity and the likelihood of the plaintiff accepting the estimated amount. However, the outcome of such legal matters is inherently unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not Applicable.

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “INFN.” The following table sets forth, for the time periods indicated, the high and low sales prices of our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.



	High		Low
Fourth Quarter 2013	$	11.91	$	8.59
Third Quarter 2013	$	12.16	$	9.24
Second Quarter 2013	$	11.65	$	6.06
First Quarter 2013	$	7.75	$	5.66
Fourth Quarter 2012	$	6.15	$	4.33
Third Quarter 2012	$	7.40	$	5.29
Second Quarter 2012	$	8.15	$	6.02
First Quarter 2012	$	8.90	$	6.26

As of February 18, 2014, there were 121 registered holders of record of Infinera’s common stock. A substantially greater number of holders of Infinera common stock are “street name” or beneficial holders, whose shares are held by banks, brokers and other financial institutions.

We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not intend to pay any cash dividends on common stock in the foreseeable future.

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STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH

The following graph compares the cumulative 5-year total return provided stockholders on Infinera Corporation’s common stock relative to the cumulative total returns of the NASDAQ Composite Index and the NASDAQ Telecommunications Index. An investment of $100 (with reinvestment of all dividends, if any) is assumed to have been made in our common stock and in each of the indexes on December 27, 2008 and its relative performance is tracked through December 28, 2013. The NASDAQ Telecommunications Index contains securities of NASDAQ-listed companies classified according to the Industry Classification Benchmark as Telecommunications and Telecommunications Equipment. They include providers of fixed-line and mobile telephone services, and makers and distributors of high-technology communication products. This graph is not deemed to be “filed” with the SEC or subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the graph shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any prior or subsequent filing by Infinera under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act.

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*

Among Infinera Corp., the NASDAQ Composite Index,

and the NASDAQ Telecommunications Index

*$100 invested on 12/27/08 in stock or 12/31/08 in index, including reinvestment of dividends, if any.

Indexes calculated on month-end basis.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

You should read the following selected consolidated historical financial data below in conjunction with the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements, related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We derived the statements of operations data for the years ended December 28, 2013, December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011 and the balance sheet data as of December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012 from our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We derived the statements of operations data for the years ended December 25, 2010 and December 26, 2009 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2011, December 25, 2010 and December 26, 2009 from our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes which are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We have not declared or distributed any cash dividends.



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013			December 29, 2012			December 31, 2011			December 25, 2010			December 26, 2009
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Revenue	$	544,122		$	438,437		$	404,877		$	454,352		$	309,101
Gross profit	$	218,639		$	157,569		$	165,491		$	206,189		$	102,101
Net loss	$	(32,119	)	$	(85,330	)	$	(81,744	)	$	(27,932	)	$	(86,622	)
Net loss per common share
Basic	$	(0.27	)	$	(0.77	)	$	(0.78	)	$	(0.28	)	$	(0.91	)
Diluted	$	(0.27	)	$	(0.77	)	$	(0.78	)	$	(0.28	)	$	(0.91	)
Weighted average number of shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per common share
Basic	117,425			110,739			105,432			99,380			95,468
Diluted	117,425			110,739			105,432			99,380			95,468
Total cash and cash equivalents, investments and restricted cash	$	365,313		$	187,554		$	253,116		$	295,706		$	275,477
Total assets	$	700,926		$	528,170		$	531,704		$	551,525		$	491,945
Common stock and additional paid-in capital	$	1,025,781		$	930,730		$	877,034		$	817,302		$	747,677
Stockholders’ equity	$	417,810		$	356,136		$	387,803		$	410,749		$	368,507

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ITEM 7.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS

OF OPERATIONS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include any expectation of earnings, revenues, gross margins, expenses or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations and personnel; factors that may affect our operating results; statements concerning new products or services, including future PIC capacity and new product delivery and revenue dates; statements related to capital expenditures; statements related to the sufficiency of our current cash, cash equivalents and investments to meet our liquidity requirements; statements related to future economic conditions, performance, market growth or our sales cycle; statements as to industry trends and other matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts or statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” or “will,” and similar expressions or variations. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management based on information currently available to management. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should review these risk factors for a more complete understanding of the risks associated with an investment in our securities. Such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. We disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” and consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Background

Infinera was founded in December 2000 with a unique vision for optical networking. Prior to Infinera, communications service provider optical networks were built from fairly commoditized products, broadly known as wavelength division multiplexing (“WDM”) systems. Recent growth in bandwidth demand has increased the need for the delivery of high-capacity low-cost bandwidth throughout the network. We believe that traditional point-to-point network architectures do not provide the required flexibility to meet this demand. It takes large amounts of low-cost bandwidth, pervasive Optical Transport Network (“OTN”) switching, and the intelligence of bandwidth management to manage these larger networks and deliver high-capacity services quickly and cost-effectively. Infinera believes this can best be achieved with photonic integrated circuits (“PICs”) and that only through photonic integration can network operators efficiently scale their network bandwidth without significant increases in space, power or operational workload.

We call our solution for Service Providers the Infinera Intelligent Transport Network. The Intelligent Transport Network is an architecture for Service Providers to address the increasing demand for cloud-based services and data center connectivity. The Intelligent Transport network helps Service Providers use time as a weapon to increase revenues with reliable, differentiated services while reducing operating costs through scale, multi-layer convergence and automation. The Intelligent Transport Network is based on platforms built with Infinera's unique PICs.

Traffic patterns in the optical network continue to grow to accommodate increased demands for transmission capacity prompted by increased use of high-speed Internet access, mobile broadband, streaming high-definition video services, business Ethernet services, cloud-based services and wholesale bandwidth services. We believe that Infinera’s Intelligent Transport Network architecture is uniquely enabled to deliver improvements in these areas compared to competitive WDM systems that still rely on discrete optical components rather than PICs. We believe that our Intelligent Transport Network architecture enables Service Providers to deploy reliable, high-capacity, efficient optical network solutions that are easy to use and improve the integration between the layers of Service Provider networks with the lowest total cost of ownership.

Infinera’s DTN platform currently supports 10 Gigabits per second ("Gbps") and 40 Gbps WDM transmission

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capacity combined with integrated switching capabilities. Infinera’s DTN-X platform supports 100 Gbps WDM transmission capacity with 500 Gbps super-channels and also integrates 5 Terabits per second (“Tbps”) of OTN switching capacity in a single bay. The DTN-X platform leverages the unique capabilities of our 500 Gbps PICs to deliver high-capacity Intelligent Transport Networks that reduce power, cooling, and space while simplifying transport network operations. The ATN platform supports direct wavelength connectivity to DTN and DTN-X nodes, reducing equipment costs and providing unique network management capabilities across our Intelligent Transport Network.

2013 Financial and Business Performance

Our financial results for 2013 demonstrate strong market acceptance of Infinera’s Intelligent Transport Network and the DTN-X platform. Revenues grew 24% compared to 2012, significantly faster than the overall DWDM market. We also experienced improved gross margins in 2013 and generated positive operating cash flow resulting in much improved financial performance on a year-over-year basis.

Since its introduction in mid-2012, we have received purchase commitments for the DTN-X platform from 42 customers, representing a cross section of markets including Tier 1 carriers, cable operators, Internet content providers and bandwidth wholesalers. We also continued to sell the ATN and DTN platforms as customers leveraged the full Infinera product portfolio to best meet their needs.

DTN-X market traction and the resulting growth in revenue contributed to an improvement in our financial performance in 2013. Our overall gross margin for 2013 was 40%, an increase from 36% in 2012. This increase reflected significant improvements in manufacturing yields and product costs as DTN-X volumes increased and we ramped production in our manufacturing facilities. Our product mix remained heavily weighted towards lower margin common equipment deployments in the year as we continued to win new customers and expanded market share with existing customers.

In 2014, we intend to continue to leverage the DTN-X platform to increase revenues and expand our market share as customers extend deployments of 100 Gbps transport solutions in their networks. This focus on revenue growth will be balanced with overall prudent financial management and continued efforts to drive cost improvements across all of our products and services. We believe that with sustained revenue growth, we can leverage our vertically-integrated manufacturing model, which combined with selling bandwidth capacity into deployed networks, can result in improved future profitability and cash flow.

Future Business and Industry Trends

Our goal is to be the leading provider of optical networking systems to communications service providers, internet content providers, cable operators, subsea network operators, and others. Our revenue growth will depend on the continued acceptance of our products, growth of communications traffic and the proliferation of next-generation bandwidth-intensive services, which are expected to drive the need for increased levels of bandwidth. Our ability to increase our revenue and achieve profitability will be directly affected by the level of acceptance of our products in the long-haul and metro WDM markets and by our ability to cost-effectively develop and sell innovative products that leverage our technology advantages on a time-to-market basis.

As of December 28, 2013, we have sold our products for deployment in the optical networks of 131 customers worldwide, including CenturyLink, Colt, Cox Communications, DANTE, Deutsche Telekom, Equinix, Interoute, KDDI, Level 3, NTT, OTE, Pacnet, Rostelecom, Telefonica, TeliaSonera International and Vodafone. We do not have long-term sales commitments from our customers. Although key customers account for a significant portion of our revenue, no individual customer accounted for over 10% of our revenue in 2013, 2012 or 2011. Our business will be harmed if any of our key customers do not generate as much revenue as we forecast, stop purchasing from us, or substantially reduce their orders for our products.

We are headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, with employees located throughout the Americas, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region. We expect to continue to add some personnel in the United States and internationally to develop our products and provide additional geographic sales and technical support coverage. We primarily sell our products through our direct sales force, with a small portion sold indirectly through resellers. We derived 92%, 98%, and 97% of our revenue from direct sales to customers for 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. We expect to continue generating a substantial majority of our revenue from direct sales in the future.

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Our near-term year-over-year and quarter-over-quarter revenue will likely be volatile and may be impacted by several factors including general economic and market conditions, time-to-market development of new products, acquisitions of new customers and the timing of large product deployments.

We will continue to make significant investments in the business, and management currently believes that operating expenses for 2014 will range from $260 million to $265 million, including stock-based compensation expense of approximately $30 million to $35 million.

Results of Operations

Revenue

The following table sets forth, for periods presented, certain consolidated statements of operations information (in thousands, except %):



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013		% of total revenue		December 29, 2012		% of total revenue		Change		% Change
Revenue:
Product	$	465,424	86	%	$	380,035	87	%	$	85,389	22	%
Services	78,698		14	%	58,402		13	%	20,296		35	%
Total revenue	$	544,122	100	%	$	438,437	100	%	$	105,685	24	%
Cost of revenue:
Product	$	295,715	54	%	$	259,437	59	%	$	36,278	14	%
Services	29,768		6	%	21,431		5	%	8,337		39	%
Total cost of revenue	$	325,483	60	%	$	280,868	64	%	$	44,615	16	%
Gross profit	$	218,639	40	%	$	157,569	36	%	$	61,070	39	%



	Years Ended
	December 29, 2012		% of total revenue		December 31, 2011		% of total revenue		Change			% Change
Revenue:
Product	$	380,035	87	%	$	352,644	87	%	$	27,391		8	%
Services	58,402		13	%	52,233		13	%	6,169			12	%
Total revenue	$	438,437	100	%	$	404,877	100	%	$	33,560		8	%
Cost of revenue:
Product	$	259,437	59	%	$	220,806	54	%	$	38,631		17	%
Services	21,431		5	%	18,580		5	%	2,851			15	%
Total cost of revenue	$	280,868	64	%	$	239,386	59	%	$	41,482		17	%
Gross profit	$	157,569	36	%	$	165,491	41	%	$	(7,922	)	(5	)%

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The following table summarizes our revenue by geography and sales channel for the periods presented (in thousands, except %):



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013		% of total revenue		December 29, 2012		% of total revenue		Change		% Change
Total revenue by geography
Domestic	$	345,734	64	%	$	296,849	68	%	$	48,885	16	%
International	198,388		36	%	141,588		32	%	56,800		40	%
	$	544,122	100	%	$	438,437	100	%	$	105,685	24	%
Total revenue by sales channel
Direct	$	501,375	92	%	$	428,734	98	%	$	72,641	17	%
Indirect	42,747		8	%	9,703		2	%	33,044		341	%
	$	544,122	100	%	$	438,437	100	%	$	105,685	24	%



	Years Ended
	December 29, 2012		% of total revenue		December 31, 2011		% of total revenue		Change			% Change
Total revenue by geography
Domestic	$	296,849	68	%	$	283,443	70	%	$	13,406		5	%
International	141,588		32	%	121,434		30	%	20,154			17	%
	$	438,437	100	%	$	404,877	100	%	$	33,560		8	%
Total revenue by sales channel
Direct	$	428,734	98	%	$	391,811	97	%	$	36,923		9	%
Indirect	9,703		2	%	13,066		3	%	(3,363		)	(26	)%
	$	438,437	100	%	$	404,877	100	%	$	33,560		8	%

2013 Compared to 2012. Total revenue increased $105.7 million, or 24% in 2013 from 2012. Revenues continued to be positively impacted by increased revenues from sales of our DTN-X platform. These revenues included sales to existing customers transitioning their higher-capacity network deployments to the DTN-X and new customers purchasing our Intelligent Transport Network solutions for the first time. This increase in DTN-X revenue was somewhat offset by a reduction in sales of our DTN platform as demand for 100 Gbps network deployments continued to increase. In 2013, we added 20 new customers.

International revenue increased to 36% of total revenue in 2013 from 32% of total revenue in 2012. The increases were primarily due to an increased proportion of our sales occurring in Asia Pacific which increased to 7% in 2013 compared to 3% in 2012. While we expect international revenues to continue to grow in absolute dollars on a long-term basis as we increase our sales activities in Europe, Asia Pacific and other regions, this metric may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenue depending on the size and timing of deployments both internationally and in the United States.

Total product revenue increased $85.4 million, or 22% in 2013 from 2012 reflecting increased sales of our DTN-X platform. Total services revenue increased $20.3 million, or 35% in 2013 from 2012 primarily reflecting the incremental recognition of $12.6 million related to deployment services revenue, $4.1 million related to our software subscription service revenue, $1.6 million related to our spares management service revenue, $1.4 million related to extended warranty service revenue, $0.7 million from training services revenue and $0.3 million of first line management services revenue, primarily offset by a decrease of $0.3 million related to network management services revenue. The increase in deployment services in 2013 was primarily due to the introduction and deployment of new networks based on our DTN-X platform. In addition, we expect to continue to grow our extended

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hardware warranty and spares management service revenues in future periods as our installed base continues to grow.

2012 Compared to 2011. Total revenue increased $33.6 million, or 8% in 2012 from 2011. Revenues were positively impacted by the recognition of revenues from sales of our DTN-X platform during the second half of 2012. These revenues included sales to existing customers transitioning their higher-capacity network deployments to the DTN-X and new customers purchasing our Digital Optical Network solutions for the first time. While this increase in DTN-X revenues was somewhat offset by a reduction in sales of our DTN platform, we continued to deploy the DTN platform in lower capacity applications with nine new customers in 2012. Revenues for 2011 were negatively impacted when customers who required higher-capacity network solutions in advance of the availability of our 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps systems purchased competitor products for portions of their networks.

International revenue increased to 32% of total revenue in 2012 from 30% of total revenue in 2011. The increases were primarily due to an increased proportion of our sales occurring in Europe. While we expect international revenues to continue to grow in absolute dollars on a long-term basis as we increase our sales activities in Europe, Asia Pacific and other regions, this metric may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenue depending on the size and timing of deployments both internationally and in the United States.

Total product revenue increased $27.4 million, or 8% in 2012 from 2011 reflecting increased sales of our DTN-X platform in the second half of 2012. Total services revenue increased $6.2 million, or 12% in 2012 from 2011 primarily reflecting the incremental recognition of $3.2 million related to deployment services revenue, $1.5 million related to our spares management service revenue, $1.4 million related to extended warranty service revenue, $0.4 million of first line management services revenue, $0.3 million of network management services revenue, and $0.3 million from training services revenue, offset by a decrease of $0.9 million related to our software subscription service revenue. The increase in deployment services in 2012 was primarily due to the introduction and deployment of new networks based on our DTN-X platform. In addition, we expect to continue to grow our extended hardware warranty and spares management services revenues in future periods as our installed base continues to grow.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin

2013 Compared to 2012. Gross margin increased to 40% in 2013 from 36% in 2012. This increase reflected improvements in manufacturing yields and product costs as DTN-X platform volumes increased and we ramped production in our manufacturing facilities. These improvements were somewhat offset by a greater mix of lower margin network footprint sales in 2013 as we added new customers and expanded market share with existing customers.

2012 Compared to 2011. Gross margin decreased to 36% in 2012 from 41% in 2011. Gross margin in 2012 reflected the recognition of revenues from the initial sales of our DTN-X platform. These sales represented early production units and as such, had a higher product cost. The transition of a portion of our revenues from the DTN platform to these lower-margin initial DTN-X units contributed to a decline in gross margins in the second half of the year. In addition, costs for the first half of 2012 included pre-production costs associated with the DTN-X platform production ramp. We also experienced a higher level of lower margin network footprint sales in the second half of 2012, as we began DTN-X platform deployments. Competition for initial 100 Gbps network deployments has been strong, which resulted in a highly-competitive pricing environment for new deployments during 2012.

Based on our current outlook, we expect that gross margins in 2014 will remain constrained in a period when we expect to deploy significant amounts of new network footprint while winning strategic accounts and expanding our share in existing accounts. We do not have the visibility necessary to accurately predict quarterly gross margins beyond a one-quarter time horizon.

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Operating Expenses

The following table summarizes our operating expenses for the periods presented (in thousands, except %):



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013		% of total revenue		December 29, 2012		% of total revenue		Change			% Change
Research and development	$	124,794	23	%	$	117,233	27	%	$	7,561		6	%
Sales and marketing	72,778		14	%	75,862		17	%	(3,084		)	(4	)%
General and administrative	45,253		8	%	47,475		11	%	(2,222		)	(5	)%
Total operating expenses	$	242,825	45	%	$	240,570	55	%	$	2,255		1	%



	Years Ended
	December 29, 2012		% of total revenue		December 31, 2011			% of total revenue		Change			% Change
Research and development	$	117,233	27	%	$	127,120		31	%	$	(9,887	)	(8	)%
Sales and marketing	75,862		17	%	64,773			16	%	11,089			17	%
General and administrative	47,475		11	%	54,375			14	%	(6,900		)	(13	)%
Restructuring and other costs (credit)	—		—	%	(129		)	—	%	129			(100	)%
Total operating expenses	$	240,570	55	%	$	246,139		61	%	$	(5,569	)	(2	)%

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense included in our operating expenses (in thousands):



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013		December 29, 2012		December 31, 2011
Research and development	$	10,900	$	13,306	$	14,990
Sales and marketing	7,624		10,450		8,818
General and administration	5,956		9,529		18,502
Total	$	24,480	$	33,285	$	42,310

Research and Development Expenses

2013 Compared to 2012. Research and development expenses increased $7.6 million, or 6% in 2013 from 2012. This increase was primarily due to increases in cash compensation and personnel related costs of $8.7 million and professional outside services and other costs of $1.3 million as we continued to add software engineering resources to support the development of our future products. These increases were offset by decreased stock-based compensation expenses of $2.4 million.

2012 Compared to 2011. Research and development expenses decreased $9.9 million, or 8% in 2012 from 2011. This reduction was primarily due to $8.6 million of research and development resources redeployed to manufacturing in support of initial DTN-X production builds. In addition, prototype and other equipment spending decreased by $5.7 million in 2012, following the release of the DTN-X platform. These decreases were partially offset by $2.6 million of increased depreciation, $0.6 million increase in professional and outside services and $0.6 million increase in facilities and other costs, as compared to 2011. Total other personnel-related costs increased by $0.6 million. This increase was comprised of $2.3 million increase of cash compensation offset by $1.7 million decrease of stock-based compensation expense.

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Sales and Marketing Expenses

2013 Compared to 2012. Sales and marketing expenses decreased $3.1 million, or 4% in 2013 from 2012 primarily due to decreased DTN-X related customer lab trial expenses of $4.9 million, stock-based compensation of $2.8 million, and outside services and related expenses of $2.1 million These reductions were offset by increased compensation and personnel-related expenses of $6.7 million related to increased sales commissions and incremental sales headcount.

2012 Compared to 2011. Sales and marketing expenses increased $11.1 million, or 17% in 2012 from 2011 primarily due to $4.7 million related to increased expenses for customer lab trials, $3.7 million in compensation and personnel-related expenses due to increased headcount, $1.6 million of increased stock-based compensation expense, $0.7 million of increased travel and related expenses and $0.4 million of increased facilities and other costs. This increase in spending primarily reflects the ongoing impact of incremental sales resources to support the expansion of our addressable markets with the introduction of the DTN-X platform.

General and Administrative Expenses

2013 Compared to 2012. General and administrative expenses decreased $2.2 million, or 5% in 2013 from 2012 primarily due to decreased stock-based compensation expense of $3.6 million, and lower consulting services and other costs of $1.0 million, offset by increased compensation and personnel-related costs of $2.4 million.

2012 Compared to 2011. General and administrative expenses decreased $6.9 million, or 13% in 2012 from 2011 primarily due to $9.0 million of decreased stock-based compensation expense, which included the impact of reduced management bonuses and other changes in equity grant activity, and $0.2 million decrease in facilities and other costs. These decreases were partially offset by increased professional services costs of $1.6 million primarily related to implementation of our new enterprise resource planning system and related increased depreciation costs of $0.7 million.

Restructuring and Other Costs

In 2011, we recorded a credit of $0.1 million due to a change in estimates associated with facility-related costs. We completed our restructuring actions associated with the closure of our Maryland FAB in 2010.

Other Income (Expense), Net



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013			December 29, 2012			December 31, 2011
	(In thousands)
Interest income	$	923		$	911		$	1,014
Interest expense	(6,061		)	—			—
Other gain (loss), net	(1,141		)	(1,050		)	(419		)
Total other income (expense), net	$	(6,279	)	$	(139	)	$	595

2013 Compared to 2012. Interest income increased by an insignificant amount in 2013 compared to 2012 mainly due to higher interest income earned on foreign cash balance partially offset by a lower return on domestic investments. Interest expense for 2013 consisted of contractual interest expense and amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs related to the Notes issued in May 2013. See Note 9, "Convertible Senior Notes," to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. Other gain (loss), net for 2013 includes $1.4 million of unrealized and realized losses due to foreign currency exchange, partially offset by a gain of $0.2 million from auction rate securities ("ARS") sold.

2012 Compared to 2011. Interest income decreased $0.1 million in 2012 from 2011 mainly due to lower average investment balances. Other gain (loss), net for 2012 includes $1.5 million of unrealized and realized losses due to foreign currency exchange, partially offset by a gain of $0.5 million from ARS called at par value.

Income Tax Provision

We recognized income tax expense of approximately $1.7 million, $2.2 million and $1.7 million in each of fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011, on pre-tax book losses of $30.5 million, $83.1 million and $80.1 million, respectively. The resulting effective tax rates of 5.4%, 2.6% and 2.1% for 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, differs from the expected statutory rate of 35% based upon unbenefited U.S. losses, non-deductible stock compensation

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charges and foreign taxes provided on foreign subsidiary earnings. The decrease in 2013 tax expense compared to 2012 tax expense relates primarily to the release of tax reserves due to the lapsing of the statute of limitations. The increase in the 2012 tax expense compared to 2011 expense relates primarily to reductions of benefits from Canadian research credits.

During 2013, 2012 and 2011, the income tax benefits were not significant for each year and were allocated to the tax provision from continuing operations, related to the tax effects of items credited directly to other comprehensive income (“OCI”). Generally, the amount of tax expense or benefit allocated to continuing operations is determined without regard to the tax effects of other categories of income or loss, such as OCI. However, an exception to the general rule is provided within the intra-period tax allocations rules when there is a pre-tax loss from continuing operations and there are items charged or credited to other categories, including OCI, in the current year. The intra-period tax allocation rules related to items charged or credited directly to OCI can result in disproportionate tax effects that remain in OCI until certain events occur. The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012 was $202.7 million and $213.4 million, respectively. The net change in the valuation allowance was a decrease of $10.7 million and an increase of $25.1 million for the years ended December 28, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.

As of December 28, 2013, we had net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $351.1 million for federal tax purposes and $297.1 million for state tax purposes. If not utilized, these carryforwards will begin to expire in 2021 for federal tax purposes and 2015 for state tax purposes. Additionally, the Company has federal and California research and development credits available to reduce future income taxes payable of approximately $25.5 million and $25.7 million, respectively. Infinera Canada Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary, has Scientific Research and Experimental Development Expenditures ("SRED") credits available of $1.9 million to offset future Canadian Income tax payable. The federal research credits will begin to expire in the year 2021 if not utilized, while the California research credits have no expiration date. Canadian SRED credits will begin to expire in the year 2030 if not fully utilized.

We maintain net operating losses generated from excess tax benefits associated with the accumulated stock award attributes in a memo account, not included in the deferred tax inventory balances. The additional tax benefit associated with these stock award attributes, of which the net operating loss amounts are included in the carryforward amounts noted above, is not recognized until the deduction reduces cash taxes payable. At December 28, 2013, the Company had unbenefited stock option deductions for federal and California tax purposes of $38.4 million and $36.2 million, respectively. When utilized, the estimated tax benefits of approximately $16.4 million will result in a credit to stockholders’ equity.

Under the Tax Reform Act of 1986, the amount of benefit from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards may be impaired or limited in certain circumstances. Events which cause limitations in the amount of net operating losses that we may utilize in any one year include, but are not limited to, a cumulative ownership change of more than 50 percent as defined, over a three-year testing period. As of December 28, 2013, we had determined that ownership changes have occurred that would result in limitations on the current and future utilization of our net operating loss carryforwards. However, based on the work performed, the limitations are not significant enough to impact the future utilization of the tax attributes.

In determining future taxable income, we make assumptions to forecast federal, state and international operating income, the reversal of temporary differences, and the implementation of any feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. The assumptions require significant judgment regarding the forecasts of future taxable income, and are consistent with our income forecasts used to manage our business. We intend to maintain the remaining valuation allowance until sufficient further positive evidence exists to support a reversal of, or decrease, in the existing valuation allowance.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013			December 29, 2012			December 31, 2011
	(In thousands)
Net cash flow provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	35,180		$	(49,466	)	$	(1,965	)
Investing activities	$	(180,800	)	$	48,868		$	(25,168	)
Financing activities	$	166,110		$	10,698		$	8,513



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013		December 29, 2012
	(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	124,330	$	104,666
Short-term and long-term investments	237,079		79,020
Long-term restricted cash	3,904		3,868
	$	365,313	$	187,554

Cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments and short-term and long-term restricted cash consist of highly-liquid investments in certificates of deposits, money market funds, commercial paper, corporate bonds, U.S. agency notes and U.S. treasuries. The restricted cash balance amounts are pledged as collateral for certain stand-by and commercial letters of credit.

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities for 2013 was $35.2 million as compared to net cash used in operating activities of $49.5 million in 2012 and $2.0 million net cash used in operating activities in 2011. Cash flow from operating activities consists of net loss, adjusted for non-cash charges, plus or minus working capital changes. Our working capital requirements can fluctuate significantly depending on the timing of deployments and the acceptance, billing and payment terms on those deployments. Additionally, our ability to manage inventory turns and our ability to negotiate favorable payment terms with our vendors may also impact our working capital requirements.

Net loss for 2013 was $32.1 million, which included non-cash charges of $62.3 million, compared to a net loss of $85.3 million in the corresponding period in 2012, including non-cash charges of $67.2 million. Net loss for 2011 was $81.7 million, which included non-cash charges of $72.2 million.

Net cash provided by working capital was $5.0 million for 2013. Accounts receivables decreased by $6.3 million primarily due to improved linearity of invoicing. Inventory levels increased by $3.0 million due to increased levels of DTN-X inventory. Accounts payable decreased by $20.2 million primarily reflecting the timing of inventory purchases and improved linearity of supply. Accrued liabilities increased by $11.3 million primarily related to the timing of vendor invoicing of external services costs.

Net cash used to fund working capital was $31.3 million for 2012. This increase in working capital requirements was primarily related to the introduction of our DTN-X platform. Inventory levels increased by $40.6 million as we added inventory for the DTN-X platform while maintaining DTN levels. Accounts receivable increased by $26.5 million primarily due to the timing of acceptance and invoicing of DTN-X platform deployments during the second half of 2012. Accrued liabilities increased by $6.9 million primarily related to external services performed but not invoiced by vendors.

Net cash provided by working capital was $7.5 million for 2011. Working capital requirements for the fourth quarter of 2011 were impacted by the disruption of the supply chain due to flooding events in Thailand. The net effect of this event on cash provided by working capital was a usage of cash of $1.4 million. Included in prepaid

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expenses and other assets was an $11.1 million decrease in deferred tax assets which was offset by a corresponding decrease in deferred tax liabilities included in accrued liabilities and other expenses. Other working capital changes included a reduction of other receivables of $3.4 million, reduction of deferred inventory costs of $2.0 million and an increase in warranty accruals of $1.4 million.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities in 2013 was $180.8 million. This included $159.7 million from purchases, maturities, calls and sales of investments in the year and $21.1 million of capital expenditures. The increase in net cash used in investing activities as compared to 2012 primarily related to the investment of the proceeds received from the issuance of the Notes.

Net cash provided by investing activities in 2012 was $48.9 million primarily reflecting net proceeds of $75.0 million from maturities, calls and sales of investments, net of purchases in the period, offset by $25.4 million of capital expenditures.

Net cash used in investing activities in 2011 was $25.2 million primarily reflecting $39.4 million of capital expenditures and net proceeds of $18.5 million from maturities, calls and sales of investments, net of purchases in the period. We also invested an additional $4.5 million in an existing cost-method equity investment.

Financing Activities

Net proceeds from financing activities in 2013 were $166.1 million. This included the net proceeds from the issuance of the Notes of $144.5 million and proceeds from issuance of common stock under our stock-based compensation plans of $23.2 million. These activities were offset by $1.5 million related to the repurchase of shares from employees to satisfy minimum tax withholdings.

Net proceeds from financing activities in 2012 were $10.7 million primarily related to $11.6 million in proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) and other equity plans. This was offset by $0.9 million related to the repurchase of shares from employees to satisfy minimum tax withholdings.

Net proceeds from financing activities in 2011 were $8.5 million primarily related to $10.0 million in proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our ESPP and other equity plans. This was offset by $1.2 million related to the repurchase of shares from employees to satisfy minimum tax withholdings and $0.3 million related to payments for purchase of assets under a financing arrangement.

Liquidity

In May 2013, we issued $150.0 million of 1.75% convertible senior notes due June 1, 2018 (the “Notes”). The Notes will mature on June 1, 2018, unless earlier purchased by us or converted. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, commencing December 1, 2013. The net proceeds from the Notes issuance were approximately $144.5 million. We intend to use the net proceeds for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

Upon conversion, it is our intention to pay cash equal to the lesser of the aggregate principal amount and the conversion value of the Notes being converted and cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at our election, for any remaining conversion obligation. The carrying value of the Notes was $109.2 million as of December 28, 2013, which represents the liability component of the $150.0 million principal balance, net of $40.8 million debt discount. The debt discount is currently being amortized over the remaining term until maturity of the Notes on June 1, 2018. Any future redemption or conversion of the Notes could impact the amount or timing of our cash payments. See Note 9, “Convertible Senior Notes,” to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

As of December 28, 2013, we had $297.0 million of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments, including $14.0 million of cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries. Our cash in foreign locations is used for operational and investing activities in those locations, and we do not currently have the need or the intent to repatriate those funds to the U.S. Our policy with respect to undistributed foreign subsidiaries’ earnings is to consider those earnings to be indefinitely reinvested. If we were to repatriate these funds, we would be required to accrue and pay U.S. taxes on such amounts, however, due to our significant net operating loss carryforward

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position for both federal and state tax purposes, as well as the full valuation allowance provided against our U.S. and state net deferred tax assets, we would currently be able to offset any such tax obligations in their entirety. However, foreign withholding taxes may be applicable.

For 2014, capital expenditures are expected to be approximately $30 million, primarily for product development.

We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents and investments will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. If these sources of cash are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements beyond 12 months, we may require additional capital from equity or debt financings to fund our operations, to respond to competitive pressures or strategic opportunities, or otherwise. We may not be able to secure timely additional financing on favorable terms, or at all. The terms of any additional financing may place limits on our financial and operating flexibility. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity, convertible debt securities or other securities convertible into equity, our existing stockholders could suffer dilution in their percentage ownership of us, and any new securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock.

Contractual Obligations

The following is a summary of our contractual obligations as of December 28, 2013:



			Payments Due by Period
	Total		Less than 1 year		1 - 3 years		3 - 5 years		More than 5 years
	(In thousands)
Purchase obligations⁽¹⁾	$	69,643	$	69,643	$	—	$	—	$	—
Operating leases⁽²⁾	41,076		5,738		10,861		10,488		13,989
Convertible senior notes, including interest	161,813		2,625		7,875		151,313		—
Total contractual obligations⁽³⁾	$	272,532	$	78,006	$	18,736	$	161,801	$	13,989


(1)	We have service agreements with our major production suppliers under which we are committed to purchase certain parts.

(2)

We lease facilities under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. These leases have varying terms, predominantly no longer than ten years each and contain leasehold improvement incentives, rent holidays and escalation clauses that range from one to 10 years. In addition, some of these leases have renewal options for up to five years. We also have contractual commitments to remove leasehold improvements and return certain properties to a specified condition when the leases terminate. At the inception of a lease with such conditions, we record an asset retirement obligation liability and a corresponding capital asset in an amount equal to the estimated fair value of the obligation. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. An assumption of lease renewal where a renewal option exists is used only when the renewal has been determined to be reasonably assured. The estimated useful life of leasehold improvements is one to ten years.


(3)	Tax liabilities of $1.8 million related to uncertain tax positions are not included in the table because we are unable to determine the timing of settlement if any, of these future payments with a reasonably reliable estimate.

We had $3.5 million of standby letters of credit outstanding as of December 28, 2013. These consisted of $1.4 million related to a value added tax license, $1.4 million related to a customer proposal guarantee and $0.7 million related to property leases. We had $3.6 million of standby letters of credit outstanding as of December 29, 2012. These consisted of $1.5 million related to a value added tax license, $1.4 million related to a customer proposal guarantee and $0.7 million related to property leases.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 28, 2013, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). These accounting principles require us to make certain estimates and judgments that can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods presented. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, inventory valuation, allowances for doubtful accounts, allowances for sales reserves, accrued warranty, cash equivalents, fair value measurement of investments, other-than-temporary impairments, derivative instruments and accounting for income taxes. By their nature, these estimates and judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. We believe that the estimates and judgments upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time that these estimates and judgments are made. To the extent there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our consolidated financial statements will be affected.

Revenue Recognition

Substantially all of our product sales are sold in combination with software support services comprised of either software warranty or software subscription services. We also periodically sell training, installation and deployment services, spares management and on-site hardware replacement services with our product sales. Training services include the right to a specified number of training classes and installation and deployment services may include customer site assessments, equipment installation and testing. Training and installation and deployment services are generally delivered over a 90-120 day period. Software warranty provides customers with maintenance releases and patches during the warranty support period. Software subscription also includes maintenance releases and patches and provides customers with rights to receive unspecified software product upgrades released during the support period. These support services are generally delivered over a one-year

period. Spares management and on-site hardware replacement services include the replacement of defective units at customer sites in accordance with specified service level agreements and are generally delivered over a one-year period.

We recognize product revenue when all of the following have occurred: (1) we have entered into a legally binding arrangement with the customer; (2) delivery has occurred, which is when product title and risk of loss have transferred to the customer; (3) customer payment is deemed fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured.

We allocate revenue to each element in our multiple-element arrangements based upon their relative selling prices. We determine the selling price for each deliverable based on a selling price hierarchy. The selling price for a deliverable is based on its vendor specific objective evidence ("VSOE") if available, third party evidence (“TPE”) if VSOE is not available, or estimated selling price (“ESP”) if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. Revenue allocated to each element is then recognized when the basic revenue recognition criteria for that element has been met.

VSOE of selling price is used in the selling price allocation in all instances where it exists. VSOE of selling price for products and services is determined when a substantial majority of the selling prices fall within a reasonable range when sold separately. In certain instances, we are not able to establish VSOE for all deliverables in an arrangement with multiple elements. This mainly occurs where insufficient standalone sales transactions have occurred or where pricing for that element has not been consistent.

TPE of selling price can be established by evaluating largely interchangeable competitor products or services in standalone sales to similarly situated customers. As our products contain a significant element of proprietary technology and the solution offered differs substantially from that of competitors, it is typically difficult to obtain the reliable standalone competitive pricing necessary to establish TPE.

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ESP represents the best estimate of the price at which we would transact a sale if the product or service was sold on a standalone basis. We determine ESP for a product or service by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to market conditions, competitive landscape, gross margin objectives and pricing practices. The determination of ESP is made through formal approval by our management, taking into consideration the overall go-to-market pricing strategy.

As our go-to-market strategies evolve, we may modify our pricing practices in the future, which could result in changes in selling prices, including both VSOE and ESP. As a result, our future revenue recognition for multiple element arrangements could differ from that recorded in the current period. We regularly review VSOE, TPE, and ESP and maintain internal controls over the establishment and update of these inputs.

We limit the amount of revenue recognition for delivered elements to the amount that is not contingent on the future delivery of products or services, future performance obligations or subject to customer-specified return or refund privileges. We evaluate each deliverable in an arrangement to determine whether they represent separate units of accounting.

We have a limited number of software offerings which are not required to deliver the tangible product’s essential functionality and can be sold separately. Revenue from sales of these software products and related post-contract support will continue to be accounted for under software revenue recognition rules. Our multiple-element arrangements may therefore have a software deliverable that is subject to the existing software revenue recognition guidance. The revenue for these multiple-element arrangements is allocated to the software deliverable and the non-software deliverables based on the relative selling prices of all of the deliverables in the arrangement using the hierarchy in the new revenue recognition accounting guidance. Revenues related to these software offerings are not expected to be significant.

Services revenue includes software subscription services, training, installation and deployment services, spares management, on-site hardware replacement services, extended software warranty and extended hardware warranty services. Revenue from software subscription, spares management, on-site hardware replacement services and extended software and hardware warranty contracts is deferred and is recognized ratably over the contractual support period, which is generally one year. Revenue related to training and installation and deployment services is recognized as the services are completed.

Contracts and customer purchase orders are generally used to determine the existence of an arrangement. In addition, shipping documents and customer acceptances, when applicable, are used to verify delivery and transfer of title. Revenue is recognized only when title and risk of loss pass to customers and when the revenue recognition criteria have been met. In instances where acceptance of the product occurs upon formal written acceptance, revenue is deferred until such written acceptance has been received. We assess whether the fee is fixed or determinable based on the payment terms associated with the transaction. Payment terms to customers generally range from net 30 to 120 days from invoice, which are considered to be standard payment terms. However, payment terms greater than 120 days but less than or equal to one year from invoice may be considered standard if payment is supported by an irrevocable commercial letter of credit (“LOC”) issued by a creditworthy bank or if the LOC has been accepted and confirmed by a creditworthy bank. In the event payment terms are provided that differ from our standard business practices, the fees are deemed to not be fixed or determinable and, therefore, revenue is not recognized until the fees become fixed or determinable which we believe is when they are legally due and payable. We assess our ability to collect from our customers based primarily on the creditworthiness and past payment history of the customer.

For sales to resellers, the same revenue recognition criteria apply. It is our practice to identify an end-user prior to shipment to a reseller. We do not offer rights of return or price protection to our resellers.

Shipping charges billed to customers are included in product revenue and related shipping costs are included in product cost. We report revenue net of any required taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities, with the collected taxes recorded as current liabilities until remitted to the relevant government authority.

Stock-Based Compensation

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Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period) under the straight-line amortization method.

We estimate the fair value of the stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing formula and a single option award approach. For new-hire grants, options typically vest with respect to 25% of the shares one year after the option’s vesting commencement date and the remainder ratably on a monthly basis over three years, commencing one year after the vesting commencement date. For annual refresh grants, options typically vest ratably on a monthly basis over three, four or five years. In 2011, we granted performance-based stock options to executives as part of our annual refresh grant process. The performance-based stock options entitle our executive team to receive a number of options to purchase our common stock based on pre-established performance criteria over approximately one year. These performance metrics are classified as performance conditions, and we evaluate the performance status at the end of each period and record the expense when deemed probable.

We make a number of estimates and assumptions in determining stock-based compensation related to options including the following:

•

The expected forfeiture rate is estimated based on our historical forfeiture data and compensation costs are recognized only for those equity awards expected to vest. The estimation of the forfeiture rate requires judgment, and to the extent actual forfeitures differ from expectations, changes in estimate will be recorded as an adjustment in the period when such estimates are revised. Actual results may differ substantially from the estimates. The Company records stock-based compensation expense to adjust estimated forfeiture rates to actual.


•	The expected term represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to be outstanding prior to being exercised. The expected term is estimated based on the Company’s historical data on employee exercise patterns and post vesting termination behavior to estimate expected exercises over the contractual term of grants.

•

Expected volatility of the Company’s stock has been historically based on the weighted-average implied and historical volatility of Infinera and its peer group. The peer group is comprised of similar companies in the same industrial sector. As the Company gained more historical volatility data, the weighting of our own data in the expected volatility calculation associated with options gradually increased to 100% by 2013.

We estimate the fair value of the rights to acquire stock under our ESPP using the Black-Scholes option pricing formula. Our ESPP typically provides for consecutive six-month offering periods and we use our own historical volatility data in the valuation of ESPP shares.

We account for the fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) using the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant. For new-hire grants, RSUs typically vest ratably on an annual basis over four years. For annual refresh grants, RSUs typically vest ratably on an annual basis over three, four or five years.

We granted performance stock units ("PSUs") to our executives in 2013 as part of our annual refresh grant process. These PSUs entitle our executive officers to receive a number of shares of our common stock based on our stock price performance compared to the NASDAQ Telecom Composite Index (“IXTC”) for the same period. The PSUs vest over the span of one year, two years, and three years and the number of shares to be issued upon vesting ranges from 0 to 1.5 times the number of PSUs granted depending on the relative performance of our common stock price compared to IXTC. This performance metric is classified as a market condition.

The Monte Carlo simulation model is based on a discounted cash flow approach, with the simulation of a large number of possible stock price outcomes for our stock and the target composite index. The use of the Monte Carlo simulation model requires the input of a number of assumptions including expected volatility of our stock price, expected volatility of IXTC, correlation between changes in our stock price and changes in the target composite index, risk-free interest rate, and expected dividends. Expected volatility of our stock is based on the weighted-average implied and historical volatility of our peer group in the industry in which we do business. Expected volatility of IXTC is based on the historical and implied data. Correlation is based on the historical relationship between our peer group stock price and the target composite index average. The risk-free interest rate is based upon the treasury zero-coupon yield appropriate for the term of the PSU as of the grant date. The expected

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dividend yield is zero for us as we do not expect to pay dividends in the future. The expected dividend yield for the target composite index is the annual dividend yield expressed as a percentage of the composite average of the target composite index on the grant date.

In 2012, we granted PSUs with performance conditions and estimated the fair value using the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant. These PSUs entitle our executive officers to receive a number of shares of our common stock based on pre-established performance criteria over approximately two and a half years. The PSUs cliff vest at 50% upon achievement of specific revenue criteria and 50% will cliff vest upon achievement of specific operating profit criteria. This performance metric is classified as a performance condition.

Inventory Valuation

Inventories consist of raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods and are stated at standard cost adjusted to approximate the lower of actual cost (first-in, first-out method) or market. Market value is based upon an estimated selling price reduced by the estimated cost of disposal. The determination of market value involves numerous judgments including estimated average selling prices based upon recent sales volumes, industry trends, existing customer orders, current contract price, future demand and pricing and technological obsolescence of our products.

Inventory that is obsolete or in excess of our forecasted demand or is anticipated to be sold at a loss is written down to its estimated net realizable value based on historical usage and expected demand. As of December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, our inventory value had been reduced by $8.7 million and $6.9 million, respectively, for excess and obsolescence. In valuing our inventory costs and deferred inventory costs, we considered whether the utility of the products delivered or expected to be delivered at less than cost, primarily comprised of common equipment, had declined. We concluded that, in the instances where the utility of the products delivered or expected to be delivered was less than cost, it was appropriate to value the inventory costs and deferred inventory costs at cost or market, whichever is lower, thereby recognizing the cost of the reduction in utility in the period in which the reduction occurred or can be reasonably estimated. We have, therefore, recognized inventory write-downs as necessary in each period in order to reflect inventory at the lower of cost or market (“LCM”). As of December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, our inventory value had been reduced by $5.0 million and $7.5 million, respectively, for LCM adjustments.

We consider whether we should accrue losses on firm purchase commitments related to inventory items. Given that the net realizable value of common equipment is below contracted purchase price, we have also

recorded losses on these firm purchase commitments in the period in which the commitment is made. When the inventory parts related to these firm purchase commitments are received, that inventory is recorded at the purchase price less the accrual for the loss on the purchase commitment.

Accounts Receivable and Allowances for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable consist of trade receivables recorded upon recognition of revenue for product and services, reduced by reserves for estimated bad debts. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Credit is extended based on evaluation of the customer’s financial condition. We make judgments as to our ability to collect outstanding receivables and provide allowances for a portion of receivables when collection becomes doubtful. Provisions are made based upon a review of all significant outstanding invoices. At December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, our allowance for doubtful accounts was not significant and $0.1 million, respectively.

Allowances for Sales Returns

Customer product returns are approved on a case by case basis. Specific reserve provisions are made based upon a specific review of all the approved product returns, where the customer has yet to return the products to generate the related sales return credit at the end of a period. Estimated sales returns are provided for as a reduction to revenue in 2013, 2012 and 2011. At December 28, 2013, December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011, revenue was reduced for estimated sales returns by $0.1 million, $1.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

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Accrued Warranty

We warrant that our products will operate substantially in conformity with product specifications. Upon delivery of our products, we provide for the estimated cost to repair or replace products or the related components that may be returned under warranty. Our hardware warranty periods range from one to five years from date of acceptance for hardware and 90 days for software warranty. The hardware warranty accrual is based on actual historical returns experience and the application of those historical return rates to our in-warranty installed base. We periodically assess the adequacy of our recorded warranty liabilities and adjust the amounts as necessary. We have software warranty support obligations to a small number of our customers and the costs associated with providing these software warranties have been insignificant to our consolidated financial statements to date.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-term and Long-term Investments

We consider all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity at the date of purchase of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. We maintain our cash in bank deposit accounts which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts.

Marketable securities consist of certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds, U.S. agency notes, U.S. treasuries and ARS. We consider all debt instruments with original maturities at the date of purchase greater than 90 days and remaining time to maturity of one year or less to be short-term investments. We classify debt instruments with remaining maturities greater than one year as long-term investments, unless we intend to settle our holdings within one year or less and in such case it is considered to be short-term investments. We determine the appropriate classification of our marketable securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluate such designations as of each balance sheet date.

Available-for-sale investments are stated at fair market value with unrealized gains and losses recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. We evaluate our available-for-sale marketable debt securities for other-than-temporary impairments and record any credit loss portion in Other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations. The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity and for any credit losses incurred on these securities. Gains and losses are recognized when realized in the consolidated statements of operations under the specific identification method.

Fair Value Measurement of Investments

Pursuant to the accounting guidance for fair value measurements and its subsequent updates, fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, we consider the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

Valuation techniques used by us are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable or market inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our assumptions about market participant assumptions based on best information available. Observable inputs are the preferred source of values. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:


Level 1 –	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.


Level 2 –	Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.


Level 3 –	Prices or valuations that require management inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

We measure our cash equivalents, derivative instruments and debt securities at fair value and classify our securities in accordance with the fair value hierarchy. Our money market funds and U.S. treasuries are classified

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within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy and are valued based on quoted prices in active markets for identical securities.

We classify our certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds, U.S. agency notes and foreign currency exchange forward contracts within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as follows:

Certificates of Deposit

We review market pricing and other observable market inputs for the same or similar securities obtained from a number of industry standard data providers. In the event that a transaction is observed for the same or similar security in the marketplace, the price on that transaction reflects the market price and fair value on that day. In the absence of any observable market transactions for a particular security, the fair market value at period end would be equal to the par value. These inputs represent quoted prices for similar assets or these inputs have been derived from observable market data, and result in the classification of these securities as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Commercial Paper

We review market pricing and other observable market inputs for the same or similar securities obtained from a number of industry standard data providers. In the event that a transaction is observed for the same or similar security in the marketplace, the price on that transaction reflects the market price and fair value on that day and then follows a revised accretion schedule to determine the fair market value at period end. In the absence of any observable market transactions for a particular security, the fair market value at period end is derived by accreting from the last observable market price. These inputs represent quoted prices for similar assets or these inputs have been derived from observable market data accreted mathematically to par, and result in the classification of these securities as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Corporate Bonds

We review trading activity and pricing for each of the corporate bond securities in our portfolio as of the measurement date and determine if pricing data of sufficient frequency and volume in an active market exists in order to support Level 1 classification of these securities. Since sufficient quoted pricing for identical securities is not available, we obtain market pricing and other observable market inputs for similar securities from a number of industry standard data providers. In instances where multiple prices exist for similar securities, these prices are used as inputs into a distribution-curve to determine the fair market value at period end. As a result, we classify our corporate bonds as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Foreign Currency Exchange Forward Contracts

As discussed in Note 5, “Derivative Instruments,” to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, we mainly hold non-speculative foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge certain foreign currency exchange exposures. We estimate the fair values of derivatives based on quoted market prices or pricing models using current market rates. Where applicable, these models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs including interest rate curves, credit risk, foreign exchange rates, and forward and spot prices for currencies. As a result, we classify our derivative instruments as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

We classified our ARS within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Our ARS were classified within Level 3 because they were valued, in part, by using inputs that were unobservable in the market and were significant to the valuation. During 2013, we disposed of our remaining $3.1 million (par value) ARS, with $0.1 million of ARS called at par value and $3.0 million of ARS tendered at 95% of par value. As of December 28, 2013, none of our existing securities were classified as Level 3 securities.

Other-Than-Temporary Impairments

We review our available-for-sale marketable debt securities on a regular basis to evaluate whether or not a security has experienced an other-than-temporary decline in fair value. If a debt security’s market value is below amortized cost and we either intend to sell the security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the

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security before our anticipated recovery, we record an other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI") charge to earnings for the entire amount of the impairment.

When we do not intend to sell an impaired security and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis, we separate the OTTI into credit and non-credit loss portions. The amount representing the credit loss is recognized in Other income (expense), net, and the amount related to all other factors is recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss.

In determining if a credit loss has occurred, it is our policy to isolate the credit loss related portion of the discount rate used to derive the fair market value of the security and apply this to the expected cash flows in order to determine the portion of the OTTI that is credit loss related. This credit related portion of the discount rate is based on the financial condition of the issuer, changes in rating agency credit ratings for the security or increases in credit related yield spreads on similar securities offered by the same issuer.

Once a credit impairment loss has been recognized in our consolidated statements of operations, the amortized cost basis of that available-for-sale security is reduced by the amount of the credit impairment loss, resulting in a new cost basis for the security. Any non-credit related unrealized gains and losses are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in our consolidated balance sheets. We will continue to monitor the security’s credit rating and credit spread and will accrete any reduction in the credit impairment loss to interest income over the expected life of the security.

Derivative Instruments

Accounting for Income Taxes

As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. We estimate actual current tax expense together with assessing temporary differences resulting from different treatment of items, such as accruals and allowances not currently deductible for tax purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in our consolidated balance sheets. In general, deferred tax assets represent future tax benefits to be received when certain expenses previously recognized in our consolidated statements of operations become deductible expenses under applicable income tax laws or loss or credit carryforwards are utilized. Accordingly, realization of our deferred tax assets is dependent on future taxable income within the respective jurisdictions against which these deductions, losses and credits can be utilized within the applicable future periods.

We must assess the likelihood that some portion or all of our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income within the respective jurisdictions, and to the extent we believe that recovery does not meet the “more-likely-than-not” standard, we must establish a valuation allowance. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. At December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, our domestic net deferred tax assets were fully reserved with a valuation allowance because, based on the available evidence, we believed at that time it was more likely than not

that we would not be able to utilize those deferred tax assets in the future. We intend to maintain a valuation allowance until sufficient evidence exists to support the reversal of the valuation allowance. We make estimates and judgments about our future taxable income, by jurisdiction, based on assumptions that are consistent with our plans and estimates. Should the actual amounts differ from our estimates, the amount of our valuation allowance could be materially impacted.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements including the respective expected dates of adoptions and effects on us.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Foreign Currency Risk

A majority of our revenue, expense and capital purchasing activities are transacted in U.S. dollars. However, we do incur some insignificant operating costs in other currencies. In addition, certain of our sales contracts are not priced in U.S. dollars and, therefore, a portion of our revenue is subject to foreign currency risks. Our operating expenses and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the India Rupee, Chinese Yuan, British Pound and the Euro.

The effect of an immediate 10% adverse change in exchange rates on foreign denominated transactions as of December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012 would result in a loss of approximately $2.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively, for the year then ended. We enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts to reduce the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on accounts receivable denominated in currencies other than our functional currency, which is the U.S. dollar. As a result, we do not expect a significant impact to our results from a change in exchange rates on foreign denominated accounts receivable balances in the near-term. Fluctuations in our currency exchange rates could impact our business in the future.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

We had cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments and short-term and long-term restricted cash totaling $365.3 million and $187.6 million as of December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, respectively. As of December 28, 2013, we invested in certificates of deposit, money market funds, commercial paper, corporate bonds and U.S. treasuries. The unrestricted cash and cash equivalents are held for working capital purposes. We do not enter into investments for speculative purposes. We believe that we do not have any material exposure to changes in the fair value as a result of changes in interest rates. Declines in interest rates, however, will reduce future investment income. If overall interest rates fell by 10% in 2013 and 2012, our interest income would have declined approximately $0.1 million and $0.1 million for such years, assuming consistent investment levels.

Market Risk and Market Interest Risk

Holders may convert the Notes we issued in May 2013 prior to maturity upon the occurrence of certain circumstances. Upon conversion, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election.

As of December 28, 2013, the fair value of the Notes was $162.8 million. The fair value was determined based on the quoted bid price of the Notes in an over-the-counter market on December 28, 2013. The fair value the Notes is subject to interest rate risk, market risk and other factors due to the convertible feature. The fair value of the Notes will generally increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. In addition, the fair value of the Notes will generally increase as our common stock price increases and will generally decrease as our common stock price declines in value. The interest and market value changes affect the fair value of the Notes but do not impact our financial position, cash flows or results of operations due to the fixed nature of the debt obligation. Additionally, we do not carry the Notes at fair value. We present the fair value of the Notes for required disclosure purposes.

See Note 9, “Convertible Senior Notes,” to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



	Page
Reports of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	58
Consolidated Balance Sheets	60
Consolidated Statements of Operations	61
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss	62
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	63
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	65
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	66

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Report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Infinera Corporation

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Infinera Corporation as of December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 28, 2013. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15. These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Infinera Corporation at December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 28, 2013, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Infinera Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 28, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (1992 framework) and our report dated February 21, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP

San Jose, California

February 21, 2014

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Report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Infinera Corporation

We have audited Infinera Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 28, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (1992 framework) (the COSO criteria). Infinera Corporation’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, Infinera Corporation maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 28, 2013, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Infinera Corporation as of December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 28, 2013 of Infinera Corporation and our report dated February 21, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP

San Jose, California

February 21, 2014

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INFINERA CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par values)



	December 28, 2013			December 29, 2012
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	124,330		$	104,666
Short-term investments	172,660			76,146
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $43 in 2013 and $94 in 2012	100,643			107,039
Other receivables	1,313			2,909
Inventory	123,685			127,809
Deferred inventory costs	705			1,029
Deferred tax asset	1,322			155
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	14,412			9,744
Total current assets	539,070			429,497
Property, plant and equipment, net	79,668			80,343
Deferred inventory costs, non-current	2			100
Long-term investments	64,419			2,874
Cost-method investment	9,000			9,000
Long-term restricted cash	3,904			3,868
Other non-current assets	4,863			2,488
Total assets	$	700,926		$	528,170
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	39,843		$	61,428
Accrued expenses	22,431			26,288
Accrued compensation and related benefits	33,899			22,325
Accrued warranty	12,374			7,262
Deferred revenue	32,402			26,744
Total current liabilities	140,949			144,047
Long-term debt, net	109,164			—
Accrued warranty, non-current	10,534			9,220
Deferred revenue, non-current	4,888			3,210
Deferred tax liability	1,364			117
Other long-term liabilities	16,217			15,440
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders‘ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value Authorized shares—25,000 and no shares issued and outstanding	—			—
Common stock, $0.001 par value Authorized shares—500,000 in 2013 and 2012 Issued and outstanding shares—119,887 in 2013 and 112,461 in 2012	120			112
Additional paid-in capital	1,025,661			930,618
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,486		)	(2,228		)
Accumulated deficit	(604,485		)	(572,366		)
Total stockholders‘ equity	417,810			356,136
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	700,926		$	528,170

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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INFINERA CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013			December 29, 2012			December 31, 2011
Revenue:
Product	$	465,424		$	380,035		$	352,644
Services	78,698			58,402			52,233
Total revenue	544,122			438,437			404,877
Cost of revenue:
Cost of product	295,715			259,437			220,806
Cost of services	29,768			21,431			18,580
Total cost of revenue	325,483			280,868			239,386
Gross profit	218,639			157,569			165,491
Operating expenses:
Research and development	124,794			117,233			127,120
Sales and marketing	72,778			75,862			64,773
General and administrative	45,253			47,475			54,375
Restructuring and other costs (credit)	—			—			(129		)
Total operating expenses	242,825			240,570			246,139
Loss from operations	(24,186		)	(83,001		)	(80,648		)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest income	923			911			1,014
Interest expense	(6,061		)	—			—
Other gain (loss), net	(1,141		)	(1,050		)	(419		)
Total other income (expense), net	(6,279		)	(139		)	595
Loss before income taxes	(30,465		)	(83,140		)	(80,053		)
Provision for income taxes	1,654			2,190			1,691
Net loss	$	(32,119	)	$	(85,330	)	$	(81,744	)
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.27	)	$	(0.77	)	$	(0.78	)
Diluted	$	(0.27	)	$	(0.77	)	$	(0.78	)
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per common share:
Basic	117,425			110,739			105,432
Diluted	117,425			110,739			105,432

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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INFINERA CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands)



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013			December 29, 2012			December 31, 2011
Net loss	$	(32,119	)	$	(85,330	)	$	(81,744	)
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized gain (loss) on auction rate securities classified as available-for-sale investments	(166		)	(141		)	410
Unrealized gain (loss) on all other available-for-sale investments	(140		)	158			(105		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(952		)	(43		)	(1,117		)
Tax effect on items related to available-for-sale investment	—			(7		)	(122		)
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,258		)	(33		)	(934		)
Comprehensive loss	$	(33,377	)	$	(85,363	)	$	(82,678	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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INFINERA CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Years Ended December 31, 2011, December 29, 2012 and December 28, 2013

(In thousands, except per share data)



	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Accumulated Deficit			Total
	Shares		Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Accumulated Deficit			Total
Balance at December 25, 2010	102,492		$	102	$	817,200		$	(1,261	)	$	(405,292	)	$	410,749
Stock options exercised	378		1		1,449			—			—			1,450
ESPP shares purchased	1,309		1		8,461			—			—			8,462
Common stock repurchased	(140	)	—		(1,248		)	—			—			(1,248		)
Reclassification of options exercised but not vested	—		—		1			—			—			1
Restricted stock units released	2,937		3		(3		)	—			—			—
Stock-based compensation	—		—		51,067			—			—			51,067
Comprehensive loss:
Unrealized gain on auction rate securities classified as available-for-sale investments	—		—		—			410			—			410
Unrealized gain on all other available-for-sale investments	—		—		—			(105		)	—			(105		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—			(1,117		)	—			(1,117		)
Tax effect on items related to available-for-sale investment	—		—		—			(122		)	—			(122		)
Net loss	—		—		—			—			(81,744		)	(81,744		)
Total comprehensive loss														(82,678		)
Balance at December 31, 2011	106,976		$	107	$	876,927		$	(2,195	)	$	(487,036	)	$	387,803
Stock options exercised	582		1		2,552			—			—			2,553
ESPP shares purchased	1,653		1		9,029			—			—			9,030
Common stock repurchased	(128	)	—		(882		)	—			—			(882		)
Restricted stock units released	3,378		3		(3		)	—			—			—
Stock-based compensation	—		—		42,995			—			—			42,995
Comprehensive loss:
Unrealized gain on auction rate securities classified as available-for-sale investments	—		—		—			(141		)	—			(141		)
Unrealized gain on all other available-for-sale investments	—		—		—			158			—			158
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—			(43		)	—			(43		)
Tax effect on items related to available-for-sale investment	—		—		—			(7		)	—			(7		)
Net loss	—		—		—			—			(85,330		)	(85,330		)
Total comprehensive loss														(85,363		)
Balance at December 29, 2012	112,461		$	112	$	930,618		$	(2,228	)	$	(572,366	)	$	356,136

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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INFINERA CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Years Ended December 31, 2011, December 29, 2012 and December 28, 2013—

(Continued)

(In thousands, except per share data)



	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Accumulated Deficit			Total
	Shares		Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Accumulated Deficit			Total
Balance at December 29, 2012	112,461		$	112	$	930,618		$	(2,228	)	$	(572,366	)	$	356,136
Stock options exercised	2,217		2		14,616			—			—			14,618
ESPP shares purchased	1,656		2		8,557			—						8,559
Common stock repurchased	(223	)	—		(1,544		)	—			—			(1,544		)
Restricted stock units released	3,754		4		(4		)	—			—			—
Warrants exercised	22		—		—			—			—			—
Stock-based compensation	—		—		30,077						—			30,077
Conversion option related to convertible senior notes, net of allocated costs	—		—		43,341			—			—			43,341
Comprehensive loss:
Unrealized gain on auction rate securities classified as available-for-sale investments	—		—		—			(166		)	—			(166		)
Unrealized gain on all other available-for-sale investments	—		—		—			(140		)	—			(140		)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—			(952		)	—			(952		)
Net loss	—		—		—			—			(32,119		)	(32,119		)
Total comprehensive loss														(33,377		)
Balance at December 28, 2013	119,887		$	120	$	1,025,661		$	(3,486	)	$	(604,485	)	$	417,810

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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INFINERA CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013			December 29, 2012			December 31, 2011
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(32,119	)	$	(85,330	)	$	(81,744	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	24,562			23,661			17,859
Non-cash restructuring and other costs (credit)	—			—			(129		)
(Recovery of) provision for other receivables	(88		)	—			563
Provision for doubtful accounts	55			94			—
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	4,522			—			—
Amortization of premium on investments	1,539			2,068			4,215
Stock-based compensation expense	31,976			41,819			50,157
Non-cash tax benefit	—			(7		)	(95		)
Other gain	(243		)	(475		)	(335		)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	6,341			(26,517		)	(4,686		)
Other receivables	1,435			(1,894		)	3,440
Inventory	(3,036		)	(40,623		)	(6,007		)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(4,992		)	2,293			12,695
Deferred inventory costs	395			5,741			1,999
Accounts payable	(20,202		)	15,410			9,342
Accrued liabilities and other expenses	11,272			6,915			(10,282		)
Deferred revenue	7,337			3,763			(401		)
Accrued warranty	6,426			3,616			1,444
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	35,180			(49,466		)	(1,965		)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchase of available-for-sale investments	(288,140		)	(54,150		)	(273,334		)
Purchase of cost-method investment	—			—			(4,500		)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investments	2,850			11,584			4,072
Proceeds from maturities and calls of investments	125,624			117,605			287,781
Proceeds from disposal of assets	3			1			262
Purchase of property and equipment	(21,068		)	(25,395		)	(39,382		)
Advance to secure manufacturing capacity	—			—			(1,500		)
Reimbursement of manufacturing capacity advance	—			50			450
Change in restricted cash	(69		)	(827		)	983
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(180,800		)	48,868			(25,168		)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of debt, net	144,469			—			—
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	23,185			11,580			10,023
Repurchase of common stock	(1,544		)	(882		)	(1,248		)
Payments for purchase of assets under financing arrangement	—			—			(262		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	166,110			10,698			8,513
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(826		)	108			(571		)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	19,664			10,208			(19,191		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	104,666			94,458			113,649
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	124,330		$	104,666		$	94,458
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes	$	2,135		$	923		$	1,487
Cash paid for interest	$	1,320		$	—		$	—
Supplemental schedule of non-cash financing activities
Non-cash settlement for manufacturing capacity advance	$	—		$	275		$	—
Transfer of inventory to fixed assets	$	5,458		$	3,222		$	—
Warrant exercise	$	500		$	—		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

INFINERA CORPORATION

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Infinera Corporation (“Infinera” or the “Company”), headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, was founded in December 2000 and incorporated in the State of Delaware. Infinera provides Intelligent Transport Networks to help carriers address the increasing demand for cloud-based services and data center connectivity as they advance into the Terabit Era. Infinera is unique in its use of breakthrough semiconductor technology to deliver large scale photonic integrated circuits ("PICs") and the application of PICs to vertically integrated optical networking solutions that deliver the industry’s only commercially available 500 Gigabits per second ("Gbps") FlexCoherent super-channels. Infinera Intelligent Transport Network solutions include the DTN-X, DTN and ATN platforms.

The Company operates and reports financial results on a fiscal year of 52 or 53 weeks ending on the last Saturday of December in each year. Accordingly, fiscal years 2013 and 2012 were 52-week years that ended on December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, respectively. Fiscal year 2011 was a 53-week year that ended on December 31, 2011. The next 53-week year will end on December 31, 2016.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The Company reclassified certain amounts reported in previous periods to conform to the current presentation.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). These accounting principles require the Company to make certain estimates, assumptions and judgments that can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods presented. Significant estimates, assumptions and judgments made by management include revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, inventory valuation, allowances for sales returns, allowances for doubtful accounts, accrued warranty, cash equivalents, fair value measurement of investments, other-than-temporary impairments, derivative instruments and accounting for income taxes. Management believes that the estimates and judgments upon which they rely are reasonable based upon information available to them at the time that these estimates and judgments are made. To the extent there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s consolidated financial statements will be affected.

Revenue Recognition

Substantially all of the Company’s product sales are sold in combination with software support services comprised of either software warranty or software subscription services. The Company also periodically sells training, installation and deployment services, spares management and on-site hardware replacement services with its product sales. Training services include the right to a specified number of training classes and installation and deployment services may include customer site assessments, equipment installation and testing. Training and installation and deployment services are generally delivered over a 90-120 day period. Software warranty provides customers with maintenance releases and patches during the warranty support period. Software subscription also includes maintenance releases and patches and provides customers with rights to receive unspecified software product upgrades released during the support period. These support services are generally delivered over a one-year period. Spares management and on-site hardware replacement services include the replacement of defective units at customer sites in accordance with specified service level agreements and are generally delivered over a one-year period.

The Company recognizes product revenue when all of the following have occurred: (1) it has entered into a legally binding arrangement with the customer; (2) delivery has occurred, which is when product title and risk of loss have transferred to the customer; (3) customer payment is deemed fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured.

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INFINERA CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

The Company allocates revenue to each element in its multiple-element arrangements based upon their relative selling prices. The Company determines the selling price for each deliverable based on a selling price hierarchy. The selling price for a deliverable is based on its vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) if available, third party evidence (“TPE”) if VSOE is not available, or estimated selling price (“ESP”) if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. Revenue allocated to each element is then recognized when the basic revenue recognition criteria for that element has been met.

VSOE of selling price is used in the selling price allocation in all instances where it exists. VSOE of selling price for products and services is determined when a substantial majority of the selling prices fall within a reasonable range when sold separately. In certain instances, the Company is not able to establish VSOE for all deliverables in an arrangement with multiple elements. This mainly occurs where insufficient standalone sales transactions have occurred or where pricing for that element has not been consistent.

TPE of selling price can be established by evaluating largely interchangeable competitor products or services in standalone sales to similarly situated customers. As the Company’s products contain a significant element of proprietary technology and the solution offered differs substantially from that of competitors, it is typically difficult to obtain the reliable standalone competitive pricing necessary to establish TPE.

ESP represents the best estimate of the price at which the Company would transact a sale if the product or service was sold on a standalone basis. The Company determines ESP for a product or service by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to market conditions, competitive landscape, gross margin objectives and pricing practices. The determination of ESP is made through formal approval by the Company’s management, taking into consideration the overall go-to-market pricing strategy.

As the Company’s go-to-market strategies evolve, the Company may modify its pricing practices in the future, which could result in changes in selling prices, including both VSOE and ESP. As a result, the Company’s future revenue recognition for multiple element arrangements could differ from that recorded in the current period. The Company regularly reviews VSOE, TPE and ESP and maintains internal controls over the establishment and update of these inputs.

The Company limits the amount of revenue recognition for delivered elements to the amount that is not contingent on the future delivery of products or services, future performance obligations or subject to customer-specified return or refund privileges. The Company evaluates each deliverable in an arrangement to determine whether they represent separate units of accounting.

The Company has a limited number of software offerings which are not required to deliver the tangible product’s essential functionality and can be sold separately. Revenue from sales of these software products and related post-contract support will continue to be accounted for under software revenue recognition rules. The Company’s multiple-element arrangements may therefore have a software deliverable that is subject to the existing software revenue recognition guidance. The revenue for these multiple-element arrangements is allocated to the software deliverable and the non-software deliverables based on the relative selling prices of all of the deliverables in the arrangement using the hierarchy in the new revenue recognition accounting guidance. Revenues related to these software offerings are not expected to be significant.

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INFINERA CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

terms. However, payment terms greater than 120 days but less than or equal to one year from invoice may be considered standard if payment is supported by an irrevocable commercial letter of credit (“LOC”) issued by a creditworthy bank or the LOC has been accepted and confirmed by a creditworthy bank. In the event payment terms are provided that differ from the Company’s standard business practices, the fees are deemed to not be fixed or determinable and, therefore, revenue is not recognized until the fees become fixed or determinable which the Company believes is when they are legally due and payable. The Company assesses its ability to collect from its customers based primarily on the creditworthiness and past payment history of the customer.

For sales to resellers, the same revenue recognition criteria apply. It is the Company’s practice to identify an end-user prior to shipment to a reseller. The Company does not offer rights of return or price protection to its resellers.

Shipping charges billed to customers are included in product revenue and related shipping costs are included in product cost. The Company reports revenue net of any required taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities, with the collected taxes recorded as current liabilities until remitted to the relevant government authority.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company estimates the fair value of the stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing formula and a single option award approach. For new-hire grants, options typically vest with respect to 25% of the shares one year after the option’s vesting commencement date and the remainder ratably on a monthly basis over three years, commencing one year after the vesting commencement date. For annual refresh grants, options typically vest ratably on a monthly basis over three, four or five years. In 2011, the Company granted performance-based stock options to executives as part of the Company’s annual refresh grant process. The performance-based stock options entitle the Company’s executive team to receive a number of options to purchase the Company’s common stock based on pre-established performance criteria over approximately one year. These performance metrics are classified as performance conditions, and the Company evaluates the performance status at the end of each period and records the expense when deemed probable.

The Company makes a number of estimates and assumptions in determining stock-based compensation related to options including the following:

•

The expected forfeiture rate is estimated based on the Company’s historical forfeiture data and compensation costs are recognized only for those equity awards expected to vest. The estimation of the forfeiture rate requires judgment, and to the extent actual forfeitures differ from expectations, changes in estimate will be recorded as an adjustment in the period when such estimates are revised. Actual results may differ substantially from the estimates. The Company records stock-based compensation expense to adjust estimated forfeiture rates to actual.


•	The expected term represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to be outstanding prior to being exercised. The expected term is estimated based on the Company’s historical data on employee exercise patterns and post vesting termination behavior to estimate expected exercises over the contractual term of grants.

•

Expected volatility of the Company’s stock has been historically based on the weighted-average implied and historical volatility of Infinera and its peer group. The peer group is comprised of similar companies in the same industrial sector. As the Company gained more historical volatility data, the weighting of its own data in the expected volatility calculation associated with options gradually increased to 100% by 2013.

The Company estimates the fair value of the rights to acquire stock under its Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) using the Black-Scholes option pricing formula. The Company’s ESPP typically provides for consecutive six-month offering periods and the Company uses its own historical volatility data in the valuation of ESPP shares.

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INFINERA CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

The Company accounts for the fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) using the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. For new-hire grants, RSUs typically vest ratably on an annual basis over four years. For annual refresh grants, RSUs typically vest ratably on an annual basis over three, four or five years.

The Company granted performance stock units ("PSUs") to its executive officers in 2013 as part of the Company's annual refresh grant process. These PSUs entitle the Company's executive officers to receive a number of shares of the Company's common stock based on its stock price performance compared to the NASDAQ Telecom Composite Index (“IXTC”) for the same period. The PSUs vest over the span of one year, two years, and three years and the number of shares to be issued upon vesting ranges from 0 to 1.5 times the number of PSUs granted depending on the relative performance of the Company's common stock price compared to IXTC. This performance metric is classified as a market condition.

The Monte Carlo simulation model is based on a discounted cash flow approach, with the simulation of a large number of possible stock price outcomes for the Company’s stock and the target composite index. The use of the Monte Carlo simulation model requires the input of a number of assumptions including expected volatility of the Company’s stock price, expected volatility of IXTC, correlation between changes in the Company’s stock price and changes in the target composite index, risk-free interest rate, and expected dividends. Expected volatility of the Company’s stock is based on the weighted-average implied and historical volatility of the Company’s peer group in the industry in which the Company does business. Expected volatility of IXTC is based on the historical and implied data. Correlation is based on the historical relationship between the Company’s peer group stock price and the target composite index average. The risk-free interest rate is based upon the treasury zero-coupon yield appropriate for the term of the PSU as of the grant date. The expected dividend yield is zero for the Company as it does not expect to pay dividends in the future. The expected dividend yield for the target composite index is the annual dividend yield expressed as a percentage of the composite average of the target composite index on the grant date.

In 2012, the Company granted PSUs with performance conditions and estimated the fair value using the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. These PSUs entitle the Company’s executive officers to receive a number of shares of the Company’s common stock based on pre-established performance criteria over approximately two and a half years. The PSUs cliff vest at 50% upon achievement of specific revenue criteria and 50% will cliff vest upon achievement of specific operating profit criteria. This performance metric is classified as a performance condition.

Inventory Valuation

Inventory that is obsolete or in excess of the Company’s forecasted demand or is anticipated to be sold at a loss is written down to its estimated net realizable value based on historical usage and expected demand. As of December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, the Company’s inventory value had been reduced by $8.7 million and $6.9 million, respectively, for excess and obsolescence. In valuing its inventory costs and deferred inventory costs, the Company considered whether the utility of the products delivered or expected to be delivered at less than cost, primarily comprised of common equipment, had declined. The Company concluded that, in the instances where the utility of the products delivered or expected to be delivered was less than cost, it was appropriate to value the inventory costs and deferred inventory costs at cost or market, whichever is lower, thereby recognizing the cost of the reduction in utility in the period in which the reduction occurred or can be reasonably estimated. The Company has, therefore, recognized inventory write-downs as necessary in each period in order to reflect inventory at the lower of cost or market (“LCM”). As of December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, the Company’s inventory value had been reduced by $5.0 million and $7.5 million, respectively, for LCM adjustments.

The Company considers whether it should accrue losses on firm purchase commitments related to inventory items. Given that the net realizable value of common equipment is below contractual purchase price, the Company has also recorded losses on these firm purchase commitments in the period in which the commitment is

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INFINERA CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

made. When the inventory parts related to these firm purchase commitments are received, that inventory is recorded at the purchase price less the accrual for the loss on the purchase commitment.

Accounts Receivable and Allowances for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable consist of trade receivables recorded upon recognition of revenue for product and services, reduced by reserves for estimated bad debts. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Credit is extended based on evaluation of the customer’s financial condition. Management makes judgments as to its ability to collect outstanding receivables and provides allowances for a portion of receivables when collection becomes doubtful. Provisions are made based upon a review of all significant outstanding invoices. At December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts was not significant and $0.1 million, respectively.

Allowances for Sales Returns

Accrued Warranty

The Company warrants that its products will operate substantially in conformity with product specifications. Upon delivery of the Company’s products, the Company provides for the estimated cost to repair or replace products or the related components that may be returned under warranty. The Company’s hardware warranty periods generally range from one to five years from date of acceptance for hardware and 90 days for software warranty. The hardware warranty accrual is based on actual historical returns experience and the application of those historical return rates to the Company’s in-warranty installed base. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary. The Company has software warranty support obligations to a small number of its customers and the costs associated with providing these software warranties have been insignificant to the Company’s consolidated financial statements to date.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-term and Long-term Investments

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity at the date of purchase of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. These instruments may include cash, money market funds and commercial paper. The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

Marketable securities consist of certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds, U.S. agency notes, U.S. treasuries and auction rate securities (“ARS”). The Company considers all debt instruments with original maturities at the date of purchase greater than 90 days and remaining time to maturity of one year or less to be short-term investments. The Company classifies debt instruments with remaining maturities greater than one year as long-term investments, unless the Company intends to settle its holdings within one year or less and in such case it is considered to be short-term investments. The Company determines the appropriate classification of its marketable securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designations as of each balance sheet date.

Available-for-sale investments are stated at fair market value with unrealized gains and losses recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company evaluates its available-for-sale marketable debt securities for other-than-temporary impairments and records any credit loss portion in Other income (expense), net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity and for any credit losses incurred on these securities. Gains and losses are recognized when realized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations under the specific identification method.

Fair Value Measurement of Investments

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INFINERA CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

Pursuant to the accounting guidance for fair value measurements and its subsequent updates, fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

Valuation techniques used by the Company are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable or market inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about market participant assumptions based on best information available. Observable inputs are the preferred source of values. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:


Level 1 —	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.


Level 2 —	Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.


Level 3 —	Prices or valuations that require management inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

The Company measures its cash equivalents, derivative instruments and debt securities at fair value and classifies its securities in accordance with the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s money market funds and U.S. treasuries are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy and are valued based on quoted prices in active markets for identical securities.

The Company classifies its certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds, and foreign currency exchange forward contracts within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as follows:

Certificates of Deposit

The Company reviews market pricing and other observable market inputs for the same or similar securities obtained from a number of industry standard data providers. In the event that a transaction is observed for the same or similar security in the marketplace, the price on that transaction reflects the market price and fair value on that day. In the absence of any observable market transactions for a particular security, the fair market value at period end would be equal to the par value. These inputs represent quoted prices for similar assets or these inputs have been derived from observable market data, and result in the classification of these securities as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Commercial Paper

The Company reviews market pricing and other observable market inputs for the same or similar securities obtained from a number of industry standard data providers. In the event that a transaction is observed for the same or similar security in the marketplace, the price on that transaction reflects the market price and fair value on that day and then follows a revised accretion schedule to determine the fair market value at period end. In the absence of any observable market transactions for a particular security, the fair market value at period end is derived by accreting from the last observable market price. These inputs represent quoted prices for similar assets or these inputs have been derived from observable market data accreted mathematically to par, and result in the classification of these securities as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

Corporate Bonds

The Company reviews trading activity and pricing for each of the corporate bond securities in its portfolio as of the measurement date and determines if pricing data of sufficient frequency and volume in an active market exists in order to support Level 1 classification of these securities. Since sufficient quoted pricing for identical securities is not available, the Company obtains market pricing and other observable market inputs for similar securities from a number of industry standard data providers. In instances where multiple prices exist for similar securities, these prices are used as inputs into a distribution-curve to determine the fair market value at period end. As a result, the Company classifies its corporate bonds as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Foreign Currency Exchange Forward Contracts

As discussed in Note 5, “Derivative Instruments,” to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company mainly holds non-speculative foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge certain foreign currency exchange exposures. The Company estimates the fair values of derivatives based on quoted market prices or pricing models using current market rates. Where applicable, these models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs including interest rate curves, credit risk, foreign exchange rates, and forward and spot prices for currencies. As a result, the Company classifies its derivative instruments as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company classified its ARS within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s ARS were classified within Level 3 because they were valued, in part, by using inputs that were unobservable in the market and were significant to the valuation. During 2013, the Company disposed of its remaining $3.1 million (par value) ARS, with $0.1 million of ARS called at par value and $3.0 million of ARS tendered at 95% of par value. As of December 28, 2013, none of the Company’s existing securities were classified as Level 3 securities.

Other-Than-Temporary Impairments

The Company reviews its available-for-sale marketable debt securities on a regular basis to evaluate whether or not a security has experienced an other-than-temporary decline in fair value. If a debt security’s market value is below amortized cost and the Company either intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery, the Company records an other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) charge to earnings for the entire amount of the impairment.

When the Company does not intend to sell an impaired security and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis, the Company separates the OTTI into credit and non-credit loss portions. The amount representing the credit loss is recognized in Other income (expense), net, and the amount related to all other factors is recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss.

In determining if a credit loss has occurred, it is the Company’s policy to isolate the credit loss related portion of the discount rate used to derive the fair market value of the security and apply this to the expected cash flows in order to determine the portion of the OTTI that is credit loss related. This credit related portion of the discount rate is based on the financial condition of the issuer, changes in rating agency credit ratings for the security or increases in credit related yield spreads on similar securities offered by the same issuer.

Once a credit impairment loss has been recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations, the amortized cost basis of that available-for-sale security is reduced by the amount of the credit impairment loss, resulting in a new cost basis for the security. Any non-credit related unrealized gains and losses are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company will continue to monitor the security’s credit rating and credit spread and will accrete any reduction in the credit impairment loss to interest income over the expected life of the security.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. This includes enterprise-level business software that the Company customizes to meets its specific operational needs. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. An assumption of lease renewal where a renewal option exists is used only when the renewal has been determined to be reasonably assured. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. The estimated useful life for each asset category is as follows:



	Estimated Useful lives
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment	1.5 to 10 years
Furniture and fixtures	3 to 5 years
Computer hardware and software	1.5 to 3 years
Enterprise-level software	up to 7 years
Leasehold improvements	1 to 10 years

The Company regularly reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than originally estimated. If impairment indicators are present and the projected future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the assets, the carrying values are reduced to the estimated fair value. If assets are determined to be recoverable, but the useful lives are shorter than originally estimated, the carrying value of the assets is depreciated over the newly determined remaining useful lives.

Deferred Inventory Costs

When the Company’s products have been delivered and ownership (typically defined as title and risk of loss) has transferred to the customer, but the product revenue associated with the arrangement has been deferred as a result of not meeting the revenue recognition criteria, the Company also defers the related inventory costs for the delivered items and recognizes the inventory costs either ratably or when the related revenue meets the revenue recognition criteria.

Accounting for Income Taxes

As part of the process of preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements, the Company is required to estimate its taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. The Company estimates actual current tax expense together with assessing temporary differences resulting from different treatment of items, such as accruals and allowances not currently deductible for tax purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. In general, deferred tax assets represent future tax benefits to be received when certain expenses previously recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations become deductible expenses under applicable income tax laws or loss or credit carryforwards are utilized. Accordingly, realization of the Company’s deferred tax assets is dependent on future taxable income within the respective jurisdictions against which these deductions, losses and credits can be utilized within the applicable future periods.

The Company must assess the likelihood that some portion or all of its deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income within the respective jurisdictions, and to the extent the Company believes that recovery does not meet the “more-likely-than-not” standard, the Company must establish a valuation allowance. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management judgment is required in determining the Company’s provision for income taxes, the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against its net deferred tax assets. At December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, the Company’s domestic net deferred tax assets were fully reserved with a valuation allowance because, based on the available evidence, the Company believed at that time it was more likely than not that it would not be able to utilize those deferred tax assets in the future. The Company intends to maintain a valuation allowance until sufficient evidence exists to support the reversal of the valuation allowance. The Company makes estimates and judgments about its future taxable income, by jurisdiction, based on assumptions that are consistent with its plans and estimates. Should the actual amounts differ from the Company’s estimates, the amount of its valuation allowance could be materially impacted.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

Concentration of Risk

Financial instruments that are potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, short-term investments, long-term investments, cost-method investments and accounts receivable. Investment policies have been implemented that limit investments to investment-grade securities.

As of December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, the Company has invested $9.0 million in a privately-held company. This investment has been accounted for as a cost-basis investment, as the Company owns less than 20% of the voting securities and does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the entity. See Note 4, “Cost-method Investment,” to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

The risk with respect to accounts receivable is mitigated by ongoing credit evaluations that the Company performs on its customers. As the Company expands its sales internationally, it may experience increased levels of customer credit risk associated with those regions. Collateral is generally not required for accounts receivable but may be used in the future to mitigate credit risk associated with customers located in certain geographical regions.

As of December 28, 2013, one customer accounted for approximately 13% of the Company’s accounts receivable balance. As of December 29, 2012, no customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable balance.

To date, a few of the Company’s customers have accounted for a significant portion of its revenue. In 2013 2012, and 2011, no individual customer represented over 10% of the Company’s revenue.

The Company depends on a single or limited number of suppliers for components and raw materials. The Company generally purchases these single or limited source components and materials through standard purchase orders and does not have long-term contracts with many of these limited-source suppliers. While the Company seeks to maintain sufficient reserve stock of such components and materials, the Company’s business and results of operations could be adversely affected by a stoppage or delay in receiving such components and materials, the receipt of defective parts, an increase in the price of such components and materials or the Company’s inability to obtain reduced pricing from its suppliers in response to competitive pressures.

Derivative Instruments

The Company is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the normal course of its business. As part of its risk management strategy, the Company uses derivative instruments, specifically forward contracts, to reduce the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations on earnings. The forward contracts are with one high-quality institution and the Company monitors the creditworthiness of the counter party consistently. The Company’s objective is to offset gains and losses resulting from these exposures with gains and losses on the derivative contracts used to hedge them, thereby reducing volatility of earnings or protecting fair values of assets. None of the Company’s derivative instruments contain credit-risk related contingent features, any rights to reclaim cash collateral or any obligation to return cash collateral. The Company does not have any leveraged derivatives. The Company does not use derivative contracts for trading or speculative purposes.

The Company enters into foreign currency exchange forward contracts to manage its exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates that arise primarily from its Euro denominated receivables and Euro denominated restricted cash balance amounts that are pledged as collateral for certain stand-by and commercial letters of credit. Gains and losses on these contracts are intended to offset the impact of foreign exchange rate changes on the underlying foreign currency denominated accounts receivables and restricted cash, and therefore, do not subject the Company to material balance sheet risk. The forward contracts are with one high-quality institution and the Company consistently monitors the creditworthiness of the counterparty. The forward contracts entered into during 2013 were denominated in Euros and British Pound, and typically had maturities of no more than 30 days. The contracts are settled for U.S. dollars at maturity at rates agreed to at inception of the contracts.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

The Company considers the functional currencies of its foreign subsidiaries to be the local currency. Assets and liabilities recorded in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rate as of the balance sheet date, and costs and expenses are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the period. Equity transactions are

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

translated using historical exchange rates. The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of Accumulated Comprehensive Loss in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

For all non-functional currency account balances, the re-measurement of such balances to the functional currency will result in either a foreign exchange transaction gain or loss which is recorded to Other gain (loss), net in the same period that the re-measurement occurred. Aggregate foreign exchange transaction loss recorded in 2013, 2012 and 2011 were $1.4 million, $1.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

The Company entered into foreign currency exchange forward contracts to reduce the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations on earnings from accounts receivable balances denominated in Euros and British Pound, and restricted cash denominated in Euros. The foreign currency transactions on these forward contracts amounted to a loss of $2.1 million in 2013, a loss of $1.4 million in 2012, and a gain of $1.3 million in 2011, and substantially offset the transaction gains and losses from the re-measurement of the related accounts receivable.

Advertising

All advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses in 2013, 2012 and 2011 were $1.3 million, $1.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively.

Research and Development

All costs to develop the Company’s hardware products are expensed as incurred. Software development costs are capitalized beginning when a product’s technological feasibility has been established and ending when a product is available for general release to customers. Generally, the Company’s software products are released soon after technological feasibility has been established. As a result, costs subsequent to achieving technological feasibility have not been significant and all software development costs have been expensed as incurred.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2013-02, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) – Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“ASU 2013-02”). ASU 2013-02 requires an entity to report the effect of significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the respective line items in net income if the amount being reclassified is required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified in its entirety to net income. For other amounts that are not required under U.S GAAP to be reclassified in their entirety to net income in the same reporting period, an entity is required to cross-reference other disclosures required under U.S. GAAP that provide additional detail about those amounts. The Company adopted the guidance for ASU 2013-02 beginning in its fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2013. Other than requiring additional disclosures, the Company’s adoption of ASU 2013-02 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flow.

In July 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2013-11, Income Taxes – Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carry forward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carry forwards Exists (“ASU 2013-11”). ASU 2013-11 requires entities to present the unrecognized tax benefits in the financial statements as a liability and not combine it with deferred tax assets to the extent a net operating loss carry-forward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carry-forward is not available at the reporting date under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction to settle any additional income taxes that would result from the disallowance of a tax position or the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction does not require the entity to use, and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose. The assessment of whether a deferred tax asset is available is based on the unrecognized tax benefit and deferred tax asset that exist at the reporting date and should be made presuming disallowance of the tax position at the reporting date. ASU 2013-11 is effective for annual and interim periods for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2013. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2013-11 and does not expect its adoption to have an impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flow.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

3. Fair Value Measurements and Other-Than-Temporary Impairments

Fair Value Measurements

The following tables represent the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its marketable securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):



	As of December 28, 2013								As of December 29, 2012
	Fair Value Measured Using								Fair Value Measured Using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Money market funds	$	51,749	$	—	$	—	$	51,749	$	25,560	$	—	$	—	$	25,560
Certificates of deposit	—		3,840		—		3,840		—		2,160		—		2,160
Commercial paper	—		85,860		—		85,860		—		14,843		—		14,843
Corporate bonds	—		150,595		—		150,595		—		57,467		—		57,467
U.S. treasuries	4,804		—		—		4,804		15,020		—		—		15,020
ARS	—		—		—		—		—		—		2,873		2,873
Foreign currency exchange forward contracts	$	—	$	29	$	—	$	29	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	56,553	$	240,324	$	—	$	296,877	$	40,580	$	74,470	$	2,873	$	117,923
Liabilities
Foreign currency exchange forward contracts	$	—	$	26	$	—	$	26	$	—	$	112	$	—	$	112

During 2013 and 2012, there were no transfers of assets or liabilities between Level 1 and Level 2 and there were no transfers into or out of Level 3 financial assets.

The Company's remaining Level 3 financial assets were disposed during the first quarter of 2013. The following tables present a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (in thousands):



	December 29, 2012		Total Net Gains Included in Other Comprehensive Income		Calls				Sold				December 28, 2013
ARS—available-for-sale	$	2,873	$	—	$	(92	)	⁽¹⁾	$	(2,781	)	⁽²⁾	$	—



	December 31, 2011		Total Net Gains Included in Other Comprehensive Income			Calls				Sold		December 29, 2012
ARS—available-for-sale	$	7,675	$	146	⁽³⁾	$	(4,948	)	⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	2,873


(1)	Amount represents the fair market value of the securities called. Realized gains on these calls were not significant in 2013 and $0.5 million in 2012.


(2)	Amount represents the fair market value of the securities sold at 95% par value. Realized gains for 2013 were $0.2 million.


(3)	Amount represents the change in the non-credit loss related OTTI recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

Investments were as follows (in thousands):



	December 28, 2013
	Adjusted Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Money market funds	$	51,749	$	—	$	—		$	51,749
Certificates of deposit	3,840		—		—			3,840
Commercial paper	85,870		2		(12		)	85,860
Corporate bonds	150,711		27		(143		)	150,595
U.S. treasuries	4,802		2		—			4,804
Total available-for-sale investments	$	296,972	$	31	$	(155	)	$	296,848



	December 29, 2012
	Adjusted Amortized Cost			Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Money market funds	$	25,560		$	—	$	—		$	25,560
Certificates of deposit	2,160			—		—			2,160
Commercial paper	14,848			—		(5		)	14,843
Corporate bonds	57,451			22		(6		)	57,467
U.S. treasuries	15,015			5		—			15,020
ARS	2,707		⁽¹⁾	166		—			2,873
Total available-for-sale investments	$	117,741		$	193	$	(11	)	$	117,923


(1)	Amount represents the par value less $0.4 million of credit-related OTTI recognized through earnings in prior years.

As of December 28, 2013, the Company’s available-for-sale investments in certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds, and U.S. treasuries have a contractual maturity term of up to 17 months. Proceeds from sales, maturities and calls of available-for-sale investments were $128.5 million, $129.2 million and $291.9 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Gross realized gains (losses) on short-term and long-term investments were insignificant for these periods. The specific identification method is used to account for gains and losses on available-for-sale investments.

Other-Than-Temporary Impairments

As a result of the Company’s disposal of $3.1 million ARS (par value) during 2013, it recorded an approximately $0.2 million gain, which was recognized as Other gain (loss) in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

A roll-forward of amortized cost, cumulative OTTI recognized in earnings and Accumulated other comprehensive loss is as follows (in thousands):



	Amortized Cost			Cumulative OTTI in Earnings			Unrealized Gain			OTTI Loss in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2011	$	7,367		$	(884	)	$	1,619		$	(1,312	)	$	307
Unrealized gain	—			—			146			—			146
Call on investments	(4,660		)	(490		)	(981		)	694			(287		)
Balance at December 29, 2012	$	2,707		$	(394	)	$	784		$	(618	)	$	166
Call on investments	(87		)	13			(25		)	20			(5		)
Investments sold	(2,620		)	381			(759		)	598			(161		)
Balance at December 28, 2013	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—

4. Cost-method Investment

As of December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, the Company’s investment in a privately-held company was $9.0 million. This investment is accounted for as a cost-basis investment as the Company owns less than 20% of the voting securities and does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the entity. The Company’s investment is in an entity that is not publicly traded and, therefore, no established market for the securities exists. The Company’s cost-method investment is carried at historical cost in its consolidated financial statements and measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when indicators of impairment exists. If the Company believes that the carrying value of the cost basis investment is in excess of estimated fair value, the Company’s policy is to record an impairment charge in Other income (expense), net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations to adjust the carrying value to estimated fair value, when the impairment is deemed other-than-temporary. The Company regularly evaluates the carrying value of this cost-method investment for impairment. As of December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, no event had occurred that would be considered an indicator of impairment, therefore, the fair value of the cost-method investment is not estimated. The Company did not record any impairment charges for this cost-method investment during 2013, 2012 and 2011.

5. Derivative Instruments

Foreign Currency Exchange Forward Contracts

As of December 28, 2013, the Company did not designate foreign currency exchange forward contracts related to Euro and British Pound denominated receivables and restricted cash as hedges for accounting purposes, and, accordingly, changes in the fair value of these instruments are included in Other gain (loss), net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The before-tax effect of foreign currency exchange forward contracts for Euro and British Pound denominated receivables and restricted cash not designated as hedging instruments was a loss of $2.2 million for 2013, a loss of $1.4 million for 2012, and a gain of $1.3 million in 2011, included in Other gain (loss), net in the consolidated statements of operations.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

The fair value of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets was as follows (in thousands):



	As of December 28, 2013							As of December 29, 2012
	Gross Notional⁽¹⁾		Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets		Other Accrued Liabilities			Gross Notional⁽¹⁾		Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets		Other Accrued Liabilities
Foreign currency exchange forward contracts
Related to Euro denominated receivables	$	16,867	$	27	$	—		$	22,882	$	—	$	(105	)
Related to British Pound denominated receivables	$	13,271	$	—	$	(26	)	$	—	$	—	$	—
Related to restricted cash	$	1,391	$	2	$	—		$	1,495	$	—	$	(7	)
Total			$	29	$	(26	)			$	—	$	(112	)


(1)	Represents the face amounts of forward contracts that were outstanding as of the period noted.

6. Balance Sheet Details

Restricted Cash

The Company’s long-term restricted cash balance is primarily comprised of certificates of deposit, of which the majority are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. These amounts primarily collateralize the Company’s issuances of stand-by and commercial letters of credit. Additionally, the Company’s restricted cash balance includes a leave encashment fund for India employees.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

The following table provides details of selected balance sheet items (in thousands):



	December 28, 2013			December 29, 2012
Inventory:
Raw materials	$	14,311		$	13,003
Work in process	49,172			57,281
Finished goods⁽¹⁾	60,202			57,525
Total	$	123,685		$	127,809
Property, plant and equipment, net:
Computer hardware	$	9,692		$	9,024
Computer software⁽²⁾	16,988			15,834
Laboratory and manufacturing equipment	146,834			120,543
Furniture and fixtures	1,347			1,285
Leasehold improvements	35,913			33,370
Construction in progress	8,950			17,513
Subtotal	$	219,724		$	197,569
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization⁽³⁾	(140,056		)	(117,226		)
Total	$	79,668		$	80,343
Accrued expenses:
Loss contingency related to non-cancelable purchase commitments	$	5,120		$	5,401
Professional and other consulting fees	1,411			3,703
Taxes payable	2,372			4,393
Royalties	1,540			1,516
Accrued rebate and customer prepay liability	3,807			1,284
Accrued interest on convertible senior notes	219			—
Other accrued expenses	7,962			9,991
Total	$	22,431		$	26,288


(1)	Included in finished goods inventory at December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012 were $9.2 million and $15.6 million, respectively, of inventory at customer locations for which product acceptance had not occurred.


(2)	Included in computer software at December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012 were $7.7 million and $7.5 million, respectively, related to an enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system that the Company implemented during the third quarter of 2012. The unamortized ERP costs at December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012 were $6.2 million and $7.0 million, respectively.


(3)	Depreciation expense was $24.5 million and $23.5 million (which includes amortization of capitalized ERP costs of $1.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively) for 2013 and 2012, respectively. Depreciation expense was $17.7 million for 2011.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

7. Comprehensive Loss

Other comprehensive loss includes certain changes in equity that are excluded from net loss. The following table sets forth the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component for the periods presented (in thousands):



	Unrealized Gain on Auction Rate Securities			Unrealized Gain on Other Available-for-Sale Securities			Foreign Currency Translation			Accumulated Tax Effect			Total
Balance at December 25, 2010	$	(103	)	$	(37	)	$	(490	)	$	(631	)	$	(1,261	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	—			(105		)	(1,117		)	(122		)	(1,344		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	410			—			—			—			410
Net current-period other comprehensive loss	410			(105		)	(1,117		)	(122		)	(934		)
Balance at December 31, 2011	$	307		$	(142	)	$	(1,607	)	$	(753	)	$	(2,195	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	—			158			(43		)	(7		)	108
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	(141		)	—			—			—			(141		)
Net current-period other comprehensive loss	(141		)	158			(43		)	(7		)	(33		)
Balance at December 29, 2012	$	166		$	16		$	(1,650	)	$	(760	)	$	(2,228	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	—			(140		)	(952		)	—			(1,092		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	(166		)	—			—			—			(166		)
Net current-period other comprehensive loss	(166		)	(140		)	(952		)	—			(1,258		)
Balance at December 28, 2013	$	—		$	(124	)	$	(2,602	)	$	(760	)	$	(3,486	)

The following table provides details about reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the periods presented (in thousands):



Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss								Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Loss is Presented
	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013			December 29, 2012			December 31, 2011
Unrealized gain on auction rate securities	$	(166	)	$	(141	)	$	410	Other gain (loss), net
	—			—			—		Provision for income taxes
Total reclassifications for the period	$	(166	)	$	(141	)	$	410	Total, net of income tax

8. Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed using net loss and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus potentially dilutive common shares outstanding

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during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares include the assumed exercise of outstanding stock options, assumed vesting of outstanding RSUs and PSUs, assumed exercise of outstanding warrants, assumed conversion of convertible senior notes and assumed issuance of stock under the Company’s ESPP using the treasury stock method. When there is a loss, these potentially diluted common shares are anti-dilutive and therefore, excluded from the diluted net loss calculation. The Company includes the common shares underlying PSUs in the calculation of diluted net loss per share when they become contingently issuable and excludes such shares when they are not contingently issuable.

The following table sets forth the computation of net loss per common share—basic and diluted (in thousands, except per share amounts):



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013			December 29, 2012			December 31, 2011
Net loss	$	(32,119	)	$	(85,330	)	$	(81,744	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted	117,425			110,739			105,432
Net loss per common share - basic and diluted	$	(0.27	)	$	(0.77	)	$	(0.78	)

The Company had the following equity awards outstanding that could potentially dilute basic net loss per common share in the future, but were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per common share in the periods presented as their effect would have been anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method (in thousands):



	As of
	December 28, 2013	December 29, 2012	December 31, 2011
Stock options outstanding	6,367	9,008	9,873
Restricted stock units	6,583	6,703	5,957
Performance stock units	721	1,368	2,595
Employee stock purchase plan shares	661	1,100	943
Warrants to purchase common stock	—	93	93
Total	14,332	18,272	19,461

In 2013, the Company excluded the convertible senior notes in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the average market price was below the conversion price. In the future, the Company would include the dilutive effects of the convertible senior notes in the calculation of diluted net income per common share if the average market price is above the conversion price and the effect would be anti-dilutive. Upon conversion of the Notes, it is the Company’s intention to pay cash equal to the lesser of the aggregate principal amount and the conversion value of the Notes being converted, therefore, only the conversion spread relating to the Notes would be included in the Company’s diluted earnings per share calculation unless their effect is anti-dilutive.


9.	Convertible Senior Notes

In May 2013, the Company issued $150.0 million of 1.75% convertible senior notes due June 1, 2018 (the “Notes”). The Notes will mature on June 1, 2018, unless earlier purchased by the Company or converted. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, commencing December 1, 2013. The net proceeds to the Company were approximately $144.5 million.

The Notes are governed by an indenture dated as of May 30, 2013 (the “Indenture”), between the Company, as issuer, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The Notes are unsecured and do not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, the incurrence of senior debt or other indebtedness, or the issuance or repurchase of securities by the Company.

Upon conversion, it is the Company’s intention to pay cash equal to the lesser of the aggregate principal amount and the conversion value of the Notes being converted and cash, shares of common stock or a combination

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of cash and shares of common stock, at the Company’s election, for any remaining conversion obligation. The initial conversion rate is 79.4834 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, subject to anti-dilution adjustments. The initial conversion price is approximately $12.58 per share of common stock.

Throughout the term of the Notes, the conversion rate may be adjusted upon the occurrence of certain events, including for any cash dividends. Holders of the Notes will not receive any cash payment representing accrued and unpaid interest upon conversion of a Note. Accrued but unpaid interest will be deemed to be paid in full upon conversion rather than canceled, extinguished or forfeited. Holders may convert their Notes under the following circumstances:

•

during any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ending on September 28, 2013 (and only during such fiscal quarter) if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;


•	during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day;


•	upon the occurrence of specified corporate events described under the Indenture, such as a consolidation, merger or binding share exchange; or


•	at any time on or after December 1, 2017 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert their Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances.

If the Company undergoes a fundamental change as defined in the Indenture governing the Notes, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. In addition, upon the occurrence of a “make-whole fundamental change” (as defined in the Indenture), the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate by a number of additional shares for a holder that elects to convert its Notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change.

The amounts recorded in connection with the issuance of the Notes consisted of the following (in thousands):



	Other Non- Current Assets			Long-term Debt			Additional Paid- in Capital
Principal amount	$	—		$	150,000		$	—
Debt discount/equity component	—			(45,000		)	45,000
Debt issuance cost	3,872			—			(1,659		)
Initial transaction amounts	$	3,872		$	105,000		$	43,341
Amortization of debt issuance cost	(358		)	—			—
Amortization of debt discount	—			4,164			—
Net carrying amount at December 28, 2013	$	3,514		$	109,164		$	43,341

In accounting for the issuance of the Notes, the Company separated the Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar debt instrument that does not have an associated conversion feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the Notes. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount (“debt

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

discount”) is amortized to interest expense over the term of the Notes. The remaining debt discount amount to be amortized over the remaining term until maturity of the Notes was $40.8 million as of December 28, 2013.

In accounting for the issuance costs of $5.5 million related to the Notes, the Company allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components of the Notes based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component were recorded as Other non-current assets and will be amortized to interest expense over the term of the Notes. The issuance costs attributable to the equity component were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity. Additionally, the Company initially recorded a deferred tax liability of $17.0 million in connection with the Notes, along with a corresponding reduction in valuation allowance; the impact of both was recorded to stockholders’ equity.

The Company determined that the embedded conversion option in the Notes does not require separate accounting treatment as a derivative instrument because it is both indexed to the Company’s own stock and would be classified in stockholder’s equity if freestanding.

The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Notes (in thousands):



	Year Ended
	December 28, 2013
Contractual interest expense	$	1,539
Amortization of debt issuance costs	358
Amortization of debt discount	4,164
	$	6,061

The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount is amortized, using an effective interest rate of 5.12%, to interest expense over the term of the Notes.

As of December 28, 2013, the fair value of the Notes was $162.8 million. The fair value was determined based on the quoted bid price of the Notes in an over-the-counter market on December 27, 2013. The Notes are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $9.79 on December 27, 2013, the if-converted value of the Notes was less than their principal amount.


10.	Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

The Company leases facilities under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. These leases have varying terms that range from one to ten years, predominantly no longer than ten years each and contain leasehold improvement incentives, rent holidays and escalation clauses. In addition, some of these leases have renewal options for up to five years. The Company has contractual commitments to remove leasehold improvements and return certain properties to a specified condition when the leases terminate. At the inception of a lease with such conditions, the Company records an asset retirement obligation liability and a corresponding capital asset in an amount equal to the estimated fair value of the obligation. Asset retirement obligations were $2.6 million and $3.0 million as of December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, respectively. These obligations are classified as other long-term liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease period factoring in leasehold improvement incentives, rent holidays and escalation clauses. Rent expense for all leases was $6.8 million, $6.7 million and $6.1 million for 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The Company did not have any sublease rental income for 2013, 2012 and 2011.

Future annual minimum operating lease payments at December 28, 2013 were as follows (in thousands):



	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		Thereafter		Total
Operating lease payments	$	5,738	$	5,491	$	5,370	$	5,378	$	5,110	$	13,989	$	41,076

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

Purchase Commitments

The Company has service agreements with its major production suppliers, where the Company is committed to purchase certain parts. These obligations are typically less than the Company’s purchases. As of December 28, 2013, December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011, these non-cancelable purchase commitments were $69.6 million, $52.7 million and $58.8 million, respectively.

Future purchase commitments at December 28, 2013 were as follows (in thousands):



	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		Thereafter		Total
Purchase obligations	$	69,643	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	69,643

The contractual obligation tables above exclude tax liabilities of $1.8 million related to uncertain tax positions because the Company is unable to determine the timing of settlement if any, of these future payments with a reasonably reliable estimate.

Indemnification Obligations

From time to time, the Company enters into certain types of contracts that contingently require it to indemnify parties against third-party claims. These contracts primarily relate to: (i) certain real estate leases under which the Company may be required to indemnify property owners for environmental and other liabilities, and other claims arising from the Company’s use of the applicable premises; (ii) certain agreements with the Company’s officers, directors and certain key employees, under which the Company may be required to indemnify such persons for liabilities; and (iii) certain provisions in the Company’s customer agreements that may require the Company to indemnify their customers and their affiliated parties against certain liabilities, including if the Company’s products infringe a third party’s intellectual property rights.

The terms of such indemnification obligations vary. Because the maximum obligated amounts under these agreements generally are not explicitly stated, the maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is generally unlimited.

To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of the indemnification obligations and has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company may be obligated to indemnify the Company's customers in connection with the lawsuit filed by Cambrian Science Corporation (“Cambrian”) on July 7, 2011, to the extent the Company’s product is found to infringe the Cambrian patent at issue (Patent No. 6,775,312) (see Note 12, “Legal Matters,” to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).

As permitted under Delaware law and the Company’s charter and bylaws, the Company has agreements whereby it indemnifies certain of its officers and each of its directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was, serving at the Company’s request in such capacity. The term of the indemnification period is for the officer’s or director’s lifetime. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, the Company has a Director and Officer insurance policy that may reduce its exposure and enable it to recover all or a portion of any future amounts paid. As a result of its insurance policy coverage, the Company believes the estimated fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal.

11. Guarantees

Product Warranties

Upon delivery of products, the Company provides for the estimated cost to repair or replace products or the related components that may be returned under hardware warranties. In general, hardware warranty periods range from one to five years. Hardware warranties provide the purchaser with protection in the event that the product does not perform to product specifications. During the warranty period, the purchaser’s sole and exclusive remedy in the event of such defect or failure to perform is limited to the correction of the defect or failure by repair, refurbishment or replacement, at the Company’s sole option and expense. The Company estimates its hardware warranty obligations based on the Company’s historical and industry experience of product failure rates, use of materials to repair or replace defective products, and service delivery costs incurred in correcting product failures. In addition,

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

from time to time, specific hardware warranty accruals may be made if unforeseen technical problems arise with specific products. Management periodically assesses the adequacy of the Company’s recorded warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary.

Activity related to product warranty was as follows (in thousands):



	December 28, 2013			December 29, 2012
Beginning balance	$	16,482		$	12,865
Charges to operations	21,193			15,116
Utilization	(9,404		)	(7,701		)
Change in estimate⁽¹⁾	(5,363		)	(3,798		)
Balance at the end of the period	$	22,908		$	16,482

(1)

The Company records hardware warranty liabilities based on the latest quality and cost information available as of that date. The favorable changes in estimate shown here are due to continued improvements in overall actual failure rates and the impact of these improvements on the Company’s estimate of expected future returns and changes in the estimated cost of replacing failed units using either repaired or new units.

Letters of Credit

The Company had $3.5 million of standby letters of credit outstanding as of December 28, 2013. These consisted of $1.4 million related to a value added tax license, $1.4 million related to a customer proposal guarantee and $0.7 million related to property leases. The Company had $3.6 million of standby letters of credit outstanding as of December 29, 2012. These consisted of $1.4 million related to a customer proposal guarantee, $1.5 million related to a value added tax license and $0.7 million related to property leases.


12.	Legal Matters

Cheetah Patent Infringement Litigation

On May 9, 2006, the Company and Level 3 were sued by Cheetah in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas Texarkana Division for alleged infringement of patent no. 6,795,605 (the “‘605 Patent”), and a continuation thereof. On May 16, 2006, Cheetah filed an amended complaint, which requested an order to enjoin the sale of the Company’s DTN platform and to recover all damages caused by the alleged willful infringement including any and all compensatory damages available by law, such as actual and punitive damages, attorneys’ fees, associated interest and Cheetah’s costs incurred in the lawsuit. Cheetah’s complaint does not request a specific dollar amount for these compensatory damages. The Company is contractually obligated to indemnify Level 3 for damages suffered by Level 3 to the extent its product supplied by the Company is found to infringe, and the Company has assumed the defense of this matter. On July 2, 2006, the Company and Level 3 filed an amended response denying all infringement claims under the ‘605 Patent and asserting that the claims of the ‘605 Patent are invalid and that the DTN platform does not infringe the ‘605 Patent. On November 28, 2006, Cheetah filed a second amended complaint and added patent no. 7,142,347 (the “‘347 Patent”) to the lawsuit. On December 18, 2006, the Company and Level 3 filed responses to Cheetah’s second amended complaint denying all infringement claims under the ‘347 Patent and the Company and Level 3 asserted counterclaims against Cheetah asserting that the claims are invalid and that the DTN platform does not infringe the patents.

On January 30, 2007, Cheetah filed a third amended complaint adding additional assertions of infringement for the two patents in suit. On February 16, 2007, the Company and Level 3 filed responses to Cheetah’s third amended complaint denying all infringement claims, and the Company and Level 3 asserted counterclaims against Cheetah asserting that the claims of the patents are invalid and that the DTN platform does not infringe the patents.

On March 14, 2007, the Company submitted requests to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (the “U.S. PTO”) for inter partes reexamination of the ‘605 Patent and the ‘347 Patent asking the U.S. PTO to reexamine the patents based on prior art in order to invalidate the patents or limit the scope of each patent’s claims.

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In a communication the Company received from the U.S. PTO dated December 4, 2009, the Company was advised that various claims in the ‘347 Patent reexamination have been allowed, while other claims have been rejected. In a communication the Company received from the U.S. PTO dated June 22, 2010, the Company was advised that various claims in the ‘605 Patent reexamination have been allowed, while other claims have been rejected.

On March 30, 2012, the Board Patent Appeals Interferences (“BPAI”) affirmed the Examiner’s allowance of certain claims in the reexamination of the ‘347 Patent and ‘605 Patent. The Company filed a request for reconsideration of the BPAI’s decision on April 30, 2012, which was denied in a Decision on Request for Rehearing dated September 27, 2012. The Company has appealed the BPAI’s decision to the Court of Appeals of the Federal Circuit in a Notice of Appeal dated November 26, 2012. On November 9, 2012, Cheetah’s counsel filed another motion requesting the court to lift the stay. The court granted Cheetah’s motion and lifted the stay in an order dated January 8, 2013.

On June 10, 2013, the Company filed a Petition for Inter Partes Review to challenge the validity of Cheetah’s U.S. patent no. 6,888,661 (the “‘661 Patent”) in a separate proceeding before the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Cheetah has sued Finisar Corporation for infringement of the ‘661 Patent in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.

On November 18, 2013, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with Cheetah to settle all outstanding issues between the Company and Cheetah. On December 3, 2013, the Company paid Cheetah an insignificant amount that did not result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Cambrian Science Patent Infringement Litigation

On July 12, 2011, the Company was notified by Level 3 that Cambrian filed suit against Level 3 and six other defendants, including Cox Communications, Inc., XO Communications, LLC, Global Crossing Limited, 360Networks (USA), Inc., Integra Telecom, Inc. and IXC, Inc. dba Telekenex (collectively, the “Defendants”) in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California alleging infringement of patent no. 6,775,312 (the “’312 Patent”) and requesting damages for such alleged infringement (the “Cambrian Claim”). The nature of the Cambrian Claim involves allegations of infringement of the ’312 Patent resulting from the Defendants’ use of certain products and systems in the Defendants’ networks, including the Company’s DTN platform. On August 24, 2011, Cambrian amended the complaint to name the Company as a defendant. The Company assumed the defense of the Cambrian Claim and filed an answer to Cambrian’s complaint on September 21, 2011, in which the Company denied infringement of the ‘312 Patent and raised other defenses. Cambrian filed a second amended complaint on October 6, 2011, which included many of the same allegations as in the original complaint. The Company filed an answer to the second amended complaint on October 21, 2011, in which the Company maintained the same denials and defenses as in its initial answer. On December 23, 2011, the Company filed a motion requesting that the court stay the case with respect to each of the above-noted customer Defendants. Cambrian filed its opposition to the Company’s motion on December 30, 2011. The Company’s request was denied in the court’s decision on March 7, 2012. The Company presented evidence on the appropriate meanings of relevant key words used in the patent claims during a claim construction hearing on November 20, 2012.

On June 17, 2013, the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California issued an order regarding claim construction, in which the Court agreed with some of our proposed claim constructions.

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Based on the information available at this time, the Company concluded that the likelihood of a loss with respect to this suit is reasonably possible. The Company has further concluded that the range of the reasonably possible loss is an insignificant amount and will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Accordingly, the Company accrued an insignificant amount during the fourth quarter of 2013 which did not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Factors that the Company considered in the determination of the likelihood of a loss and the estimate of that loss in respect to this matter included the merits of the case, the nature of the litigation (including the complex and technical nature of patent litigation), the length of time the matter has been pending, the status of the plaintiff as a non-operating entity and the likelihood of the plaintiff accepting the estimated amount. However, the outcome of such legal matters is inherently unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties.

Loss Contingencies

The Company is subject to the possibility of various losses arising in the ordinary course of business. These may relate to disputes, litigation and other legal actions. In preparation of its quarterly and annual financial statements, the Company considers the likelihood of loss or the incurrence of a liability, including whether it is probable, reasonably possible or remote that a liability has been incurred, as well as the Company’s ability to reasonably estimate the amount of loss, in determining loss contingencies. The Company regularly evaluates current information to determine whether any accruals should be adjusted and whether new accruals are required. As of December 28, 2013, the Company had no material accruals for loss contingencies.


13.	Stockholders’ Equity

2000 Stock Plan, 2007 Equity Incentive Plan and Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In December 2000, the Company adopted the 2000 Stock Plan (“2000 Plan”). Under the 2000 Plan, as amended, the Company had reserved an aggregate of 14.2 million shares of its common stock for issuance. As of December 28, 2013, options to purchase 1.2 million shares of the Company’s common stock were outstanding under the 2000 Plan. The Company’s board of directors decided not to grant any additional options or other awards under the 2000 Plan following the Company’s IPO in 2007. The 2000 Plan expired on December 6, 2010. However, the 2000 Plan will continue to govern the terms and conditions of the outstanding options previously granted under the plan.

In February 2007, the Company’s board of directors adopted the 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (“2007 Plan”) and the Company’s stockholders approved the 2007 Plan in May 2007. As of December 28, 2013, the Company reserved a total of 43.8 million shares of common stock for issuance of options, RSUs and PSUs to employees, non-employees and members of the Company’s board of directors, pursuant to the 2007 Plan. The 2007 Plan has a maximum term of 10 years from the date of adoption, or it can be earlier terminated by the Company’s board of directors.

Additionally, in February 2007, the Company’s board of directors adopted, and in May 2007, its stockholders approved the Company’s ESPP. The ESPP has a 20-year term, and as of December 28, 2013, the Company had authorized the issuance of approximately 7.9 million shares of common stock.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

Equity Incentive Plans

The Company’s stock-based compensation plans include stock options, RSUs, PSUs and employee stock purchases under the Company’s ESPP. As December 28, 2013, there were a total of 16.7 million shares available for grant under the Company’s 2007 Plan. The following tables summarize the Company’s equity award activity and related information (in thousands, except per share data):



	Number of Options		Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 25, 2010	7,815		$	6.52	$	30,923
Options granted	2,571		$	8.17
Options exercised	(378	)	$	3.81	$	1,691
Options canceled	(135	)	$	8.63
Outstanding at December 31, 2011	9,873		$	7.03	$	7,924
Options granted	127		$	7.18
Options exercised	(582	)	$	4.39	$	1,484
Options canceled	(410	)	$	8.50
Outstanding at December 29, 2012	9,008		$	7.13	$	5,726
Options exercised	(2,217	)	$	6.59	$	7,583
Options canceled	(424	)	$	8.04
Outstanding at December 28, 2013	6,367		$	7.26	$	17,452
Vested and expected to vest as of December 28, 2013	6,359				$	17,434
Exercisable at December 28, 2013	6,114		$	7.24	$	16,909



	Number of Restricted Stock Units		Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 25, 2010	6,783		$	9.03	$	69,927
RSUs granted	2,490		$	8.18
RSUs released	(2,937	)	$	8.84	$	25,968
RSUs canceled	(379	)	$	8.91
Outstanding at December 31, 2011	5,957		$	8.77	$	37,407
RSUs granted	3,620		$	7.51
RSUs released	(2,495	)	$	9.07	$	17,742
RSUs canceled	(379	)	$	8.27
Outstanding at December 29, 2012	6,703		$	8.01	$	38,873
RSUs granted	3,602		$	7.63
RSUs released	(3,070	)	$	8.26	$	25,028
RSUs canceled	(652	)	$	7.63
Outstanding at December 28, 2013	6,583		$	7.72	$	64,443
Expected to vest as of December 28, 2013	6,418				$	62,837

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)



	Number of Performance Stock Units		Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 25, 2010	2,682		$	10.51	$	27,660
PSUs granted	—		$	—
PSUs released	—		$	—
PSUs canceled	(87	)	$	10.43
Outstanding at December 31, 2011	2,595		$	10.51	$	16,304
PSUs granted	515		$	7.85
PSUs released	(883	)	$	9.40	$	5,448
PSUs canceled	(859	)	$	10.04
Outstanding at December 29, 2012	1,368		$	10.53	$	7,933
PSUs granted	552		$	6.63
PSUs released	(684	)	$	10.53	$	4,284
PSUs canceled	(515	)	$	11.31
Outstanding at December 28, 2013	721		$	7.04	$	7,054
Expected to vest as of December 28, 2013	505				$	4,947

The aggregate intrinsic value of unexercised options, unreleased RSUs and PSUs is calculated as the difference between the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $9.79 at December 27, 2013 and the exercise prices of the underlying equity awards. The aggregate intrinsic value of the options which have been exercised and RSUs and PSUs released is calculated as the difference between the fair market value of the common stock at the date of exercise or release and the exercise price of the underlying equity awards.

The following table presents total stock-based compensation cost granted but not yet amortized, net of estimated forfeitures, of the Company’s equity compensation plans as of December 28, 2013, which is expected to be amortized on a straight-line basis over the following weighted-average periods (in thousands, except for weighted-average period):



	Unrecognized Compensation Expense, Net		Weighted- Average Period (in years)
Stock options	$	813	1.1
RSUs	$	29,695	2.2
PSUs	$	1,638	1.2

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The following table summarizes information about options outstanding at December 28, 2013.



	Options Outstanding				Vested and Exercisable Options
Exercise Price	Number of Shares	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Number of Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price
	(In thousands)	(In years)			(In thousands)
$0.76 - $ 4.04	1,058	2.25	$	2.07	1,058	$	2.07
$6.30 - $ 7.25	1,125	6.19	$	6.86	1,022	$	6.87
$7.45 - $ 7.61	982	4.88	$	7.53	960	$	7.53
$7.68 - $ 8.19	1,365	4.83	$	8.09	1,298	$	8.11
$8.39 - $ 8.61	1,036	6.87	$	8.58	1,001	$	8.58
$8.85 - $ 22.36	801	4.70	$	11.21	775	$	11.24
	6,367	4.96	$	7.26	6,114	$	7.24

Employee Stock Options

In February 2012, the Compensation Committee of the Company’s board of directors shortened the maximum term of future option grants under the 2007 Plan from 10 years to 7 years. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of options outstanding and exercisable was 4.9 years as of December 28, 2013. Total fair value of stock options granted to employees and directors that vested during 2013, 2012 and 2011 was approximately $3.2 million, $10.0 million and $9.0 million, respectively, based on the grant date fair value.

The ranges of estimated values of stock options and performance-based stock options granted, as well as ranges of assumptions used in calculating these values were based on estimates as follows:



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013		December 29, 2012		December 31, 2011
Volatility	N/A		65% - 68%		58% - 62%
Risk-free interest rate	N/A		0.7% - 1.0%		1.7% - 2.6%
Expected life	N/A		4.0 - 5.3 years		4.6 - 5.5 years
Estimated fair value	N/A		$3.75 - $3.76		$3.47 - $4.63
Total stock-based compensation expense (in thousands)	$	2,792	$	8,436	$	12,590

N/A Not applicable because the Company did not grant any options to employees for the period presented.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The fair value of the ESPP shares was estimated at the date of grant using the following assumptions:



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013	December 29, 2012	December 31, 2011
Volatility	46% - 49%	54% - 57%	51% - 66%
Risk-free interest rate	0.10% - 0.14%	0.16% - 0.17%	0.12% - 0.20%
Expected life	0.5 years	0.5 years	0.5 years
Estimated fair value	$1.87 - $3.00	$1.73 - $2.63	$2.09 - $2.70

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INFINERA CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

The Company’s ESPP activity for the following periods was as follows (in thousands):



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013		December 29, 2012		December 31, 2011
Stock-based compensation expense	$	3,022	$	3,586	$	3,561
Employee contributions	$	8,559	$	9,030	$	8,462
Shares purchased	1,656		1,653		1,309

Restricted Stock Units

During 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company granted RSUs to employees and members of the Company’s board of directors to receive an aggregate of 3.6 million, 3.6 million and 2.5 million shares of the Company’s common stock, respectively, at no cost. The Company accounted for the fair value of the RSUs using the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Amortization of RSU stock-based compensation in 2013, 2012 and 2011 was approximately $23.8 million, $27.9 million and $25.5 million, respectively.

Performance Stock Units

Pursuant to the Company’s 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, during 2013, the Company granted 0.6 million shares of PSUs to certain of the Company’s executive officers. The number of shares to be issued upon vesting of PSUs range from 0 to 1.5 times the number of PSUs granted depending on the relative performance of the Company’s common stock price compared to the NASDAQ Telecom Composite Index over the span of one, two and three years of total shareholder returns.

The ranges of estimated values of the PSUs granted, as well as assumptions used in calculating these values were based on estimates as follows:



	Year Ended
	December 28, 2013
Infinera Volatility	55%
NASDAQ Telecom Composite Index Volatility	23%
Risk-free interest rate	0.42%
Correlation with NASDAQ Telecom Composite Index	0.56
Estimated fair value	$6.27 - $7.06

During 2012, the Company granted 0.5 million shares of PSUs to certain of the Company’s executive officers. These PSUs will only vest upon the achievement of certain specific revenue and operating profit criteria and are subject to each named executive officer’s continued service to the Company. If the financial performance metrics are not met within the time limits specified in the award agreements, the PSUs will be canceled. The Company estimated the fair value of the PSUs using the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. During 2013, the Company released 0.2 million shares of these PSUs upon achievement of certain performance goals.

During 2009, the Company granted PSUs primarily to members of the Company’s board of directors and executive officers. The number of shares to be issued upon vesting of PSUs range from 0.5 to 2.0 times the number of PSUs granted depending on the relative performance of the Company’s common stock price compared to the NASDAQ Composite Index over a three-year or four-year period. During 2013, the Company released 0.5 million shares of these PSUs based on a payout of 0.5 of the target number of PSUs.

Amortization of stock-based compensation related to PSUs in 2013, 2012 and 2011 was approximately $0.7 million, $3.3 million and $9.2 million, respectively.

Common Stock Warrants

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INFINERA CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

During 2013, warrants to purchase 92,592 shares of common stock were net exercised. The aggregate consideration for such exercises was approximately $0.5 million. As of December 28, 2013, there were no warrants of common stock outstanding.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

The following tables summarize the effects of stock-based compensation on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations for the periods presented (in thousands):



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013		December 29, 2012		December 31, 2011
Stock-based compensation effects in inventory	$	3,189	$	4,891	$	3,479
Stock-based compensation effects in deferred inventory cost	$	15	$	42	$	179
Stock-based compensation effects in fixed assets	$	145	$	146	$	36



Stock-based compensation effects in net loss before income taxes
Cost of revenue	$	1,871	$	2,710	$	2,923
Research and development	10,900		13,306		14,990
Sales and marketing	7,624		10,450		8,818
General and administrative	5,956		9,529		18,502
	26,351		35,995		45,233
Cost of revenue—amortization from balance sheet ⁽¹⁾	5,625		5,824		4,924
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	31,976	$	41,819	$	50,157


(1)	Represents stock-based compensation expense deferred to inventory and deferred inventory costs in prior periods and recognized in the current period.

Shares Reserved for Future Issuances

Common stock reserved for future issuance was as follows (in thousands):




	December 28, 2013
Outstanding stock options and awards	13,671
Reserved for future option and award grants	16,656
Reserved for future ESPP	—
Total common stock reserved for stock options and awards	30,327

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INFINERA CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)


14.	Income Taxes

The following is a geographic breakdown of the provision for (benefit from) income taxes (in thousands):



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013			December 29, 2012			December 31, 2011
Current:
Federal	$	—		$	(133	)	$	(107	)
State	(135		)	22			213
Foreign	1,719			2,169			1,841
Total current	$	1,584		$	2,058		$	1,947
Deferred:
Federal	$	—		$	—		$	—
State	—			—			—
Foreign	70			132			(256		)
Total deferred	$	70		$	132		$	(256	)
Total provision	$	1,654		$	2,190		$	1,691

Income before provision for income taxes from international operations was $5.8 million, $5.5 million and $5.3 million for the years ended December 28, 2013, December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.

The provisions for income taxes differ from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rates as follows:



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013		December 29, 2012		December 31, 2011
Expected tax benefit at federal statutory rate	35.0	%	35.0	%	35.0	%
State taxes, net of federal benefit	0.3	%	—	%	(0.1	)%
Research credits	4.9	%	—	%	2.9	%
Stock-based compensation	(12.2	)%	(3.9	)%	(4.1	)%
Change in valuation allowance	(34.2	)%	(33.5	)%	(36.1	)%
Other	0.8	%	(0.2	)%	0.3	%
Effective tax rate	(5.4	)%	(2.6	)%	(2.1	)%

The Company recognized income tax expense of approximately $1.7 million, $2.2 million and $1.7 million in each of fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011, on pre-tax book losses of $30.5 million, $83.1 million, and $80.1 million, respectively. The resulting effective tax rates of 5.4%, 2.6%, and 2.1% for 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively, differs from the expected statutory rate of 35% based upon unbenefited U.S. losses, non-deductible stock compensation charges and foreign taxes provided on foreign subsidiary earnings. The decrease in 2013 tax expense compared to 2012 tax expense relates primarily to the release of tax reserves due to the lapsing of the statute of limitations. The increase in the 2012 tax expense compared to 2011 expense relates primarily to reductions of benefits from Canadian research credits.

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INFINERA CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

year. The intra-period tax allocation rules related to items charged or credited directly to OCI can result in disproportionate tax effects that remain in OCI until certain events occur.

Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets are as follows (in thousands):



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013			December 29, 2012
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses	$	123,908		$	120,022
Research credits	33,647			29,092
Nondeductible accruals	39,905			31,354
Property, plant and equipment	1,453			3,226
Intangible assets	3,446			4,871
Stock-based compensation	15,454			25,040
Total deferred tax assets	$	217,813		$	213,605
Valuation allowance	(202,747		)	(213,449		)
Net deferred tax assets	$	15,066		$	156
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation	(161		)	(117		)
Convertible senior notes	(14,941		)	—
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	(15,102	)	$	(117	)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	(36	)	$	39

The realization of tax benefits of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future levels of taxable income, of an appropriate character, in the periods the items are scheduled to be deductible or taxable. Based on the available objective evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the domestic net deferred tax assets will not be realizable. Accordingly, the Company has provided a full valuation allowance against its domestic deferred tax assets, net of deferred tax liabilities, as of December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012.

As of December 28, 2013, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $351.1 million for federal tax purposes and $297.1 million for state tax purposes. If not utilized, these carryforwards will begin to expire in 2021 for federal tax purposes and 2015 for state tax purposes. Additionally, the Company has federal and California research and development credits available to reduce future income taxes payable of approximately $25.5 million and $25.7 million, respectively, as of December 28, 2013. Infinera Canada Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary, has Scientific Research and Experimental Development Expenditures ("SRED") credits available of $1.9 million to offset future Canadian Income tax payable as of December 28, 2013. The federal research credits will begin to expire in the year 2021 if not utilized, while the California research credits have no expiration date. Canadian SRED credits will begin to expire in the year 2030 if not fully utilized.

The Company maintains net operating losses generated from excess tax benefits associated with the accumulated stock award attributes in a memo account, not included in the deferred tax inventory balances. The additional tax benefit associated with these stock award attributes, of which the net operating loss amounts are included in the carryforward amounts noted above, is not recognized until the deduction reduces cash taxes payable. At December 28, 2013, the Company had unbenefited stock option deductions for federal and state tax purposes of $38.4 million and $36.2 million, respectively. When utilized, the estimated tax benefits of approximately $16.4 million will result in a credit to stockholders’ equity.

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INFINERA CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

the Company has determined that ownership changes have occurred that would result in limitations on the current and future utilization of its net operating loss carryforwards. However, based on the work performed, the limitations are not significant enough to impact the future utilization of the tax attributes.

The Company’s policy with respect to its undistributed foreign subsidiaries’ earnings is to consider those earnings to be indefinitely reinvested and, accordingly, no related provision for U.S. federal and state income taxes has been provided. Upon distribution of those earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company may be subject to both U.S. income taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits) and withholding taxes in the various foreign countries. At December 28, 2013, the undistributed earnings approximated $17.6 million. The future tax consequence of the remittance of these earnings is negligible because of the significant net operating loss carryforwards for U.S. and state purposes and full valuation allowance provided against such carryforwards.

The aggregate changes in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits were as follows (in thousands):



	December 28, 2013			December 29, 2012			December 31, 2011
Beginning balance	$	13,902		$	13,066		$	8,970
Tax position related to current year
Additions	1,676			1,437			2,759
Tax positions related to prior years
Additions	32			75			1,810
Reductions	(132		)	(580		)	(210		)
Lapses of statute of limitations	(330		)	(96		)	(263		)
Ending balance	$	15,148		$	13,902		$	13,066

As of December 28, 2013, the cumulative unrecognized tax benefit was $15.1 million, of which $13.6 million was netted against deferred tax assets, which would have otherwise been subjected with a full valuation allowance. Of the total unrecognized tax benefit as of December 28, 2013, approximately $1.8 million, if recognized, would impact the Company’s effective tax rate.

As of December 28, 2013, December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company had $0.2 million each year of accrued interest or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, respectively, of which less than $0.1 million was included in the Company’s provision for income taxes each for the years ended December 28, 2013, December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

The Company’s policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the Company’s provision for income taxes.

The Company is potentially subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and the relevant state income taxing authorities under the statute of limitations for years 2002 and forward.

The Company has received assessments of tax resulting from a transfer pricing examinations in India for fiscal years ending March 31, 2008 through March 31, 2009. The Company is appealing the assessment and does not expect a significant adjustment to unrecognized tax benefits as a result of this inquiry. Fiscal years subsequent to March 2009 remain open to examination in India.

The Company does not currently believe there to be a reasonable possibility of a significant change in total unrecognized tax benefits that would occur within the next 12 months and, as such, amounts are classified as other long-term liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 28, 2013.


15.	Segment Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the

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INFINERA CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

Company’s chief executive officer. The Company’s chief executive officer makes operating decisions, allocates resources and evaluates performance for the Company on a consolidated basis. The Company is organized on a functional basis, selling integrated network solutions across all geographies. The Company operates a single, global sales and services organization and manages its research and development resources on a company-wide basis. Accordingly, the Company is considered to be in a single operating segment.

Revenue by geographic region is based on the shipping address of the customer. The following tables set forth revenue and long-lived assets by geographic region (in thousands):

Revenue



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013		December 29, 2012		December 31, 2011
Americas:
United States	$	345,734	$	296,849	$	283,443
Other Americas	10,377		11,811		11,543
	$	356,111	$	308,660	$	294,986
Europe, Middle East and Africa	150,912		116,663		93,428
Asia Pacific	37,099		13,114		16,463
Total revenue	$	544,122	$	438,437	$	404,877

Property, plant and equipment, net



	December 28, 2013		December 29, 2012
United States	$	76,850	$	78,309
Other Americas	319		222
Asia Pacific	1,451		1,812
Europe, Middle East and Africa	1,048		—
Total property, plant and equipment, net	$	79,668	$	80,343


16.	Employee Benefit Plan

The Company has established a savings plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Plan”). As allowed under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, the Plan provides tax-deferred salary contributions for eligible U.S. employees. Employee contributions are limited to a maximum annual amount as set periodically by the Internal Revenue Code. Expenses related to the Company’s 401(k) plan were insignificant for 2013, 2012 and 2011.

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INFINERA CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)


17.	Financial Information by Quarter (Unaudited)

The following table sets forth the Company’s unaudited quarterly consolidated statements of operations data for 2013 and 2012. The data has been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this report. The table includes all necessary adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments that the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of this data.



	For the Three Months Ended (Unaudited)
				2013									2012
	Dec. 28			Sep. 28			Jun. 29			Mar. 30			Dec. 29			Sep. 29			Jun. 30			Mar. 31
							(In thousands, except per share data)
Revenue:
Product	$	115,102		$	121,332		$	120,647		$	108,343		$	109,444		$	99,303		$	78,366		$	92,922
Services	23,990			20,688			17,738			16,282			18,620			12,911			15,092			11,779
Total revenue	139,092			142,020			138,385			124,625			128,064			112,214			93,458			104,701
Cost of revenue:
Cost of product	73,385			66,685			80,198			75,447			77,127			66,612			56,183			59,515
Cost of services	9,795			6,964			6,533			6,476			7,669			4,102			4,901			4,759
Total cost of revenue	83,180			73,649			86,731			81,923			84,796			70,714			61,084			64,274
Gross profit	55,912			68,371			51,654			42,702			43,268			41,500			32,374			40,427
Operating expenses	62,993			61,926			60,262			57,644			58,781			59,705			61,773			60,311
Income (loss) from operations	(7,081		)	6,445			(8,608		)	(14,942		)	(15,513		)	(18,205		)	(29,399		)	(19,884		)
Other income (expense), net	(2,683		)	(2,790		)	(800		)	(6		)	75			(442		)	377			(149		)
Income (loss) before income taxes	(9,764		)	3,655			(9,408		)	(14,948		)	(15,438		)	(18,647		)	(29,022		)	(20,033		)
Provision for income taxes	414			308			601			331			650			434			527			579
Net income (loss)	$	(10,178	)	$	3,347		$	(10,009	)	$	(15,279	)	$	(16,088	)	$	(19,081	)	$	(29,549	)	$	(20,612	)
Net income (loss) per common share
Basic	$	(0.08	)	$	0.03		$	(0.09	)	$	(0.13	)	$	(0.14	)	$	(0.17	)	$	(0.27	)	$	(0.19	)
Diluted	$	(0.08	)	$	0.03		$	(0.09	)	$	(0.13	)	$	(0.14	)	$	(0.17	)	$	(0.27	)	$	(0.19	)

The Company operates and reports financial results on a fiscal year of 52 or 53 weeks ending on the last Saturday of December in each year. Accordingly, fiscal years 2013 and 2012 were 52-week years that ended on December 28, 2013 and December 29, 2012, respectively. The quarters for fiscal years 2013 and 2012 were 13-week quarters.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Attached as exhibits to this Form 10-K are certifications of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), which are required in accordance with Rule 13a-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“the Exchange Act”). This “Controls and Procedures” section includes information concerning the internal controls and controls evaluation referred to in the certifications.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was performed by management, with the participation of our CEO and our CFO, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d -15(e) under the Exchange Act). Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of the end of the fiscal period covered by this annual report on Form 10-K, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We maintain a system of internal control over financial reporting that is designed to provide reasonable assurance that our books and records accurately reflect transactions and that established policies and procedures are followed.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the most recently completed fiscal year ended December 28, 2013 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management, including our CEO and CFO, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 28, 2013, the end of our fiscal year. Management based its assessment on the framework established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (1992 framework). Management’s assessment included evaluation of elements such as the design and operating effectiveness of key financial reporting controls, process documentation, accounting policies, and our overall control environment. This assessment is supported by testing and monitoring performed by our internal audit and finance personnel.

Based on our assessment, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 28, 2013, the end of our fiscal year, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Our independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP, has issued an audit report on our internal control over financial reporting, which appears in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Inherent Limitations of Internal Controls

Our management, including the CEO and CFO, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal controls over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

100

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PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information required by this item with respect to our directors and executive officers is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in our proxy statement for the 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after the end of Infinera’s fiscal year ended December 28, 2013. For information pertaining to our executive offers and directors, refer to the “Executive Officers and Directors” section of Part 1, Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

As part of our system of corporate governance, our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics. The code applies to all of our employees, officers (including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions), agents and representatives, including our independent directors and consultants, who are not employees of Infinera, with regard to their Infinera-related activities. The full text of our code of business conduct and ethics is posted on our web site at http://www.infinera.com. We intend to disclose future amendments to certain provisions of our code of business conduct and ethics, or waivers of such provisions, applicable to any principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions or our directors on our web site identified above. The inclusion of our web site address in this report does not include or incorporate by reference the information on our web site into this report.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information responsive to this item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement with respect to our 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

101

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PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)(1) Consolidated Financial Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains the following financial statements which appear under Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K on the pages noted below:



	Page
Reports of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	58
Consolidated Balance Sheets	60
Consolidated Statements of Operations	61
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss	62
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	63
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	65
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	66

(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedule

Schedule II: Valuation and Qualifying Accounts



	Years Ended
	December 28, 2013			December 29, 2012			December 31, 2011
	(In thousands)
Deferred tax asset, valuation allowance
Beginning balance	$	213,449		$	188,351		$	155,847
Additions	5,706			25,098			32,504
Reductions	(16,408		)	—			—
Ending balance	$	202,747		$	213,449		$	188,351
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Beginning balance	$	94		$	—		$	—
Additions	56			94			—
Reductions	(107		)	—			—
Ending balance	$	43		$	94		$	—
Provision for other receivables
Beginning balance	$	—		$	563		$	—
Additions	—			—			563
Reductions	—			(563		)	—
Ending balance	$	—		$	—		$	563

Schedules not listed above have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

(a)(3) Exhibits.

See Index to Exhibits. The Exhibits listed in the accompanying Index to Exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS



Exhibit No.		Description
3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. ⁽¹⁾
3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws. ⁽²⁾
4.1		Form of Common Stock Certificate. ⁽³⁾
4.2		Indenture dated May 30, 2013, between the Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. ⁽⁴⁾
10.1*		Form of Indemnification Agreement between Registrant and each of its directors and executive officers. ⁽⁵⁾
10.2*		2000 Stock Plan, as amended, and forms of stock option agreements thereunder. ⁽⁵⁾
10.3*		2007 Equity Incentive Plan. ⁽⁵⁾
10.4*		2007 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. ⁽⁵⁾
10.5*		Bonus Plan.⁽⁶⁾
10.6*		Form of Section 16 Officer Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2007 Equity Incentive Plan.⁽⁷⁾
10.7*		Form of Section 16 Officer Performance Share Agreement under the 2007 Equity Incentive Plan. ⁽⁷⁾
10.8*		Form of Stock Option Agreement under the 2007 Equity Incentive Plan.⁽⁸⁾
10.9*		Form of Annual Performance Share Agreement for the Board of Directors under the 2007 Equity Incentive Plan. ⁽⁹⁾
10.10*		Form of CEO Amended and Restated Change of Control Severance Agreement.⁽¹⁰⁾
10.11*		Form of Section 16 Officer Amended and Restated Change of Control Severance Agreement.⁽¹⁰⁾
10.12*		Executive Clawback Policy.⁽¹¹⁾
10.13		Separation Agreement and General Release of All Claims between Ronald D. Martin and the Registrant dated January 15, 2013.⁽¹¹⁾
10.14		Consulting Agreement dated April 10, 2013, between the Registrant and Michael O. McCarthy III.⁽¹²⁾
10.15		Purchase Agreement dated May 23, 2013, between the Registrant and Morgan Stanley and Co. LLC and Goldman, Sachs & Co., as representatives of the initial purchasers.⁽¹³⁾
14.1		Code of Ethics.⁽¹⁴⁾
21.1		Subsidiaries.
23.1		Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document


*	Management contracts or compensation plans or arrangements in which directors or executive officers are eligible to participate.

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This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Act of 1934, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any filings.


(1)	Incorporated by reference to exhibit filed with Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (No. 001-33486), filed with the SEC on June 12, 2007.


(2)	Incorporated by reference to exhibit filed with Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (No. 001-33486), filed with the SEC on February 17, 2009.


(3)	Incorporated by reference to exhibit filed with Registrant’s Form S-1/A (No. 333-140876), filed with the SEC on April 27, 2007.


(4)	Incorporated by reference to exhibit filed with Registrant’s Current Report on 8-K (No. 001-33486), filed with the SEC on May 30, 2013.


(5)	Incorporated by reference to exhibit filed with Registrant’s Form S-1 (No. 333-140876), filed with the SEC on February 26, 2007.


(6)	Incorporated by reference to exhibit filed with Registrant’s Current Report on 8-K (No. 001-33486), filed with the SEC on February 14, 2011.


(7)	Incorporated by reference to exhibit filed with Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (No. 001-33486), filed with the SEC on November 2, 2010.


(8)	Incorporated by reference to exhibit filed with Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (No. 001-33486), filed with the SEC on May 5, 2010.


(9)	Incorporated by reference to exhibit filed with Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (No. 001-33486), filed with the SEC on May 7, 2009.


(10)	Incorporated by reference to exhibit filed with Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (No. 001-33486), filed with the SEC on March 5, 2013.


(11)	Incorporated by reference to exhibit filed with Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (No. 001-33486), filed with the SEC on January 17, 2013.


(12)	Incorporated by reference to exhibit filed with Registrant’s Current Report on 8-K (No. 001-33486), filed with the SEC on April 11, 2013.


(13)	Incorporated by reference to exhibit filed with Registrant’s Current Report on 8-K (No. 001-33486), filed with the SEC on May 24, 2013.


(14)	Incorporated by reference to exhibit filed with Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (No. 001-33486), filed with the SEC on February 19, 2008.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: February 21, 2014



	Infinera Corporation Registrant

	By:		/s/ ITA M. BRENNAN
			Ita M. Brennan Chief Financial Officer Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.



/S/ THOMAS J. FALLON		/s/ KAMBIZ Y. HOOSHMAND
Thomas J. Fallon Chief Executive Officer and Director and Principal Executive Officer February 21, 2014		Kambiz Y. Hooshmand Chairman of the Board February 21, 2014

/s/ ITA M. BRENNAN		/s/ KENNETH A. GOLDMAN
Ita M. Brennan Chief Financial Officer, Principal Financial and Accounting Officer February 21, 2014		Kenneth A. Goldman Director February 21, 2014

/s/ DAVID F. WELCH, PH.D.		/s/ DAN MAYDAN, PH.D.
David F. Welch, Ph.D. Co-founder, President and Director February 21, 2014		Dan Maydan, Ph.D. Director February 21, 2014

/s/ PHILIP J. KOEN		/s/ PAUL J. MILBURY
Philip J. Koen Director February 21, 2014		Paul J. Milbury Director February 21, 2014

/s/ CARL REDFIELD		/s/ MARK A. WEGLEITNER
Carl Redfield Director February 21, 2014		Mark A. Wegleitner Director February 21, 2014

105