Table of Contents

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

 

FORM 10-Q

Mark One

x

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

 

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008

 

 

or

 

 

o

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

 

For the transition period from             to            .

 

Commission file number 000-24939

 

EAST WEST BANCORP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware

 

95-4703316

(State or other jurisdiction of

 

(I.R.S. Employer

incorporation or organization)

 

Identification No.)

 

135 N. Los Robles Ave, 7th Floor, Pasadena, California 91101

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

 

(626) 768-6000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x   No o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filed, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company.  See definition of “large accelerated filer and accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

 Large accelerated filer x         Accelerated filer o        Non-accelerated filer o         Smaller reporting company o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o  No x

 

Number of shares outstanding of the issuer’s common stock on the latest practicable date: 63,667,222 shares of common stock as of October 31, 2008.

 

 

 



Table of Contents

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

4

 

 

 

Item 1.

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

4-7

 

 

 

 

 

 

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

8-27

 

 

 

 

 

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

28-65

 

 

 

 

 

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures of Market Risks

65

 

 

 

 

 

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

65

 

 

 

 

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

66

 

 

 

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

66

 

 

 

 

 

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

66

 

 

 

 

 

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

67

 

 

 

 

 

Item 3.

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

67

 

 

 

 

 

Item 4.

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

67

 

 

 

 

 

Item 5.

Other Information

68

 

 

 

 

 

Item 6.

Exhibits

68

 

 

 

 

SIGNATURE

 

69

 

2



Table of Contents

 

Forward-Looking Statements

 

Certain matters discussed in this report may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and as such, may involve risks and uncertainties.  These forward-looking statements relate to, among other things, expectations of the environment in which the Company operates and projections of future performance including future earnings, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.  The Company’s actual results, performance, or achievements may differ significantly from the results, performance, or achievements expected or implied in such forward-looking statements as a result of the effect of interest rate and currency exchange fluctuations; competition in the financial services market for both loans and deposits; our ability to incorporate acquisitions into our operations; the effect of regulatory and legislative action; and regional and general economic conditions.  Such risk and uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to, adverse developments or conditions related to or arising from:

 

·                  changes in our borrowers’ performance on loans;

 

·                  changes in the commercial and consumer real estate markets;

 

·                  changes in our costs of operation, compliance and expansion;

 

·                  changes in the economy, including inflation;

 

·                  changes in government interest rate policies;

 

·                  changes in laws or the regulatory environment;

 

·                  changes in accounting policies or procedures;

 

·                  changes in the equity and debt securities markets;

 

·                  changes in competitive pressures on financial institutions;

 

·                  effect of additional provision for loan losses;

 

·                  effect of any goodwill impairment;

 

·                  fluctuations in our stock price;

 

·                  success and timing of our business strategies;

 

·                  changes in our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries; and

 

·                  political developments, wars, acts of terrorism or natural disasters such as earthquakes or floods.

 

For a more detailed discussion of some of the factors that might cause such differences, see the Company’s 2007 Form 10-K under the heading “ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.”  The Company does not undertake, and specifically disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of events or circumstances after the date of such statements except as required by law.

 

3



Table of Contents

 

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

EAST WEST BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

September 30,

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

ASSETS

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

527,474

 

$

160,347

 

Short-term investments

 

495

 

 

Securities purchased under resale agreements

 

50,000

 

150,000

 

Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value (with amortized cost of $2,172,519 in 2008 and $1,954,140 in 2007)

 

2,047,244

 

1,887,136

 

Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses of $177,155 at September 30, 2008 and $88,407 at December 31, 2007

 

8,111,231

 

8,750,921

 

Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost

 

86,153

 

84,976

 

Investment in Federal Reserve Bank stock, at cost

 

27,589

 

21,685

 

Other real estate owned, net

 

17,607

 

1,500

 

Investment in affordable housing partnerships

 

41,819

 

44,206

 

Premises and equipment, net

 

61,674

 

64,943

 

Due from customers on acceptances

 

8,123

 

15,941

 

Premiums on deposits acquired, net

 

22,314

 

28,459

 

Goodwill

 

337,331

 

335,366

 

Cash surrender value of life insurance policies

 

93,836

 

88,658

 

Deferred tax assets

 

175,591

 

66,410

 

Accrued interest receivable and other assets

 

113,835

 

151,664

 

TOTAL

 

$

11,722,316

 

$

11,852,212

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

 

 

 

 

Customer deposit accounts:

 

 

 

 

 

Noninterest-bearing

 

$

1,393,480

 

$

1,431,730

 

Interest-bearing

 

6,142,869

 

5,847,184

 

Total customer deposits

 

7,536,349

 

7,278,914

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal funds purchased

 

30,443

 

222,275

 

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 

1,538,350

 

1,808,419

 

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

 

999,467

 

1,001,955

 

Notes payable

 

12,150

 

16,242

 

Long-term debt

 

235,570

 

235,570

 

Bank acceptances outstanding

 

8,123

 

15,941

 

Accrued interest payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities

 

96,983

 

101,073

 

Total liabilities

 

10,457,435

 

10,680,389

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 8)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

 

 

 

 

Preferred stock (par value of $0.001 per share)
Authorized — 5,000,000 shares
Issued — 200,000 shares in Series A, convertible preferred stock in 2008 and none in 2007
Outstanding —197,400 shares in 2008 and none in 2007

 

 

 

Common stock (par value of $0.001 per share)
Authorized — 200,000,000 shares
Issued — 70,223,189 shares in 2008 and 69,634,811 shares in 2007
Outstanding — 63,623,131 shares in 2008 and 63,137,221 shares in 2007

 

70

 

70

 

Additional paid in capital

 

858,020

 

652,297

 

Retained earnings

 

581,561

 

657,183

 

Treasury stock, at cost — 6,600,058 shares in 2008 and 6,497,590 shares in 2007

 

(102,171

)

(98,925

)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax

 

(72,599

)

(38,802

)

Total stockholders’ equity

 

1,264,881

 

1,171,823

 

TOTAL

 

$

11,722,316

 

$

11,852,212

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

4



Table of Contents

 

EAST WEST BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

2008

 

2007

 

INTEREST AND DIVIDEND INCOME

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loans receivable, including fees

 

$

131,682

 

$

167,066

 

$

425,113

 

$

484,073

 

Investment securities available-for-sale

 

23,143

 

26,235

 

75,923

 

72,505

 

Securities purchased under resale agreements

 

1,277

 

4,013

 

5,094

 

11,742

 

Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock

 

1,390

 

828

 

4,153

 

2,457

 

Short-term investments

 

1,957

 

347

 

3,546

 

564

 

Investment in Federal Reserve Bank stock

 

413

 

279

 

1,122

 

818

 

Total interest and dividend income

 

159,862

 

198,768

 

514,951

 

572,159

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INTEREST EXPENSE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Customer deposit accounts

 

40,757

 

62,058

 

136,546

 

182,144

 

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 

17,140

 

16,175

 

54,363

 

43,555

 

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

 

12,063

 

10,263

 

33,881

 

27,675

 

Long-term debt

 

2,957

 

4,101

 

9,675

 

11,235

 

Federal funds purchased

 

430

 

2,317

 

2,176

 

6,164

 

Total interest expense

 

73,347

 

94,914

 

236,641

 

270,773

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NET INTEREST INCOME BEFORE PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES

 

86,515

 

103,854

 

278,310

 

301,386

 

PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES

 

43,000

 

3,000

 

183,000

 

3,000

 

NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES

 

43,515

 

100,854

 

95,310

 

298,386

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NONINTEREST (LOSS) INCOME

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Impairment writedown on investment securities

 

(53,567

)

(405

)

(63,512

)

(405

)

Branch fees

 

4,285

 

3,836

 

12,725

 

10,667

 

Net gain on sale of investment securities available-for-sale

 

 

2,772

 

7,767

 

5,218

 

Letters of credit fees and commissions

 

2,319

 

2,702

 

7,472

 

7,688

 

Ancillary loan fees

 

1,783

 

1,397

 

3,908

 

4,164

 

Income from life insurance policies

 

1,029

 

1,132

 

3,081

 

3,164

 

Net gain on sale of loans

 

144

 

272

 

2,272

 

1,296

 

Net gain on disposal of fixed assets

 

44

 

1,261

 

221

 

1,573

 

Other operating income

 

413

 

621

 

1,867

 

2,176

 

Total noninterest (loss) income

 

(43,550

)

13,588

 

(24,199

)

35,541

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NONINTEREST EXPENSE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Compensation and employee benefits

 

17,520

 

22,081

 

66,578

 

63,511

 

Occupancy and equipment expense

 

6,817

 

6,656

 

20,364

 

18,583

 

Amortization and impairment writedowns of premiums on deposits acquired

 

1,581

 

1,767

 

6,145

 

4,824

 

Loan related expense

 

2,361

 

708

 

5,967

 

1,937

 

Amortization of investments in affordable housing partnerships

 

1,886

 

1,017

 

5,521

 

3,521

 

Deposit insurance premiums and regulatory assessments

 

1,678

 

350

 

5,191

 

1,021

 

Legal expense

 

855

 

653

 

3,890

 

1,258

 

Consulting expense

 

1,254

 

992

 

3,788

 

2,337

 

Other real estate owned expense (income)

 

2,123

 

 

3,520

 

(1,247

)

Deposit-related expenses

 

1,231

 

1,687

 

3,416

 

5,236

 

Data processing

 

1,055

 

1,351

 

3,386

 

3,403

 

Impairment writedown on goodwill

 

272

 

 

858

 

 

Other operating expenses

 

9,893

 

9,476

 

28,447

 

26,591

 

Total noninterest expense

 

48,526

 

46,738

 

157,071

 

130,975

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(LOSS) INCOME BEFORE (BENEFIT) PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES

 

(48,561

)

67,704

 

(85,960

)

202,952

 

(BENEFIT) PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES

 

(17,355

)

26,368

 

(33,911

)

79,030

 

NET (LOSS) INCOME

 

(31,206

)

41,336

 

(52,049

)

123,922

 

PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS

 

4,089

 

 

4,089

 

 

NET (LOSS) INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS

 

$

(35,295

)

$

41,336

 

$

(56,138

)

$

123,922

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(LOSS) EARNINGS PER SHARE AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BASIC

 

$

(0.56

)

$

0.68

 

$

(0.90

)

$

2.04

 

DILUTED

 

$

(0.56

)

$

0.67

 

$

(0.90

)

$

2.01

 

DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER COMMON SHARE

 

$

0.10

 

$

0.10

 

$

0.30

 

$

0.30

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES OUTSTANDING

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BASIC

 

62,675

 

61,232

 

62,586

 

60,754

 

DILUTED

 

62,675

 

62,088

 

62,586

 

61,712

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

5



Table of Contents

 

EAST WEST BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accumulated

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Additional

 

 

 

 

 

Comprehensive

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

Preferred

 

Common

 

Paid In

 

Retained

 

Treasury

 

Loss,

 

Comprehensive

 

Stockholders’

 

 

 

Stock

 

Stock

 

Capital

 

Earnings

 

Stock

 

Net of Tax

 

Income (Loss)

 

Equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BALANCE, JANUARY 1, 2007

 

$

 

$

66

 

$

544,469

 

$

525,247

 

$

(40,305

)

$

(10,087

)

 

 

$

1,019,390

 

Comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income for the period

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

123,922

 

 

 

 

 

$

123,922

 

123,922

 

Net unrealized loss on investment securities available-for-sale

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(895

)

(895

)

(895

)

Total comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

123,027

 

 

 

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle pursuant to adoption of FIN 48

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(4,628

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(4,628

)

Stock compensation costs

 

 

 

 

 

4,891

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,891

 

Tax benefit from stock option exercises

 

 

 

 

 

7,177

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7,177

 

Tax benefit from vested restricted stock

 

 

 

 

 

192

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

192

 

Issuance of 947,388 shares pursuant to various stock plans and agreements

 

 

 

1

 

10,056

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10,057

 

Issuance of 5,880 shares pursuant to Director retainer fee

 

 

 

 

 

219

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

219

 

Issuance of 2,032,816 shares pursuant to Desert Community Bank acquisition

 

 

 

2

 

78,484

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

78,486

 

Cancellation of 71,001 shares due to forfeitures of issued restricted stock

 

 

 

 

 

2,591

 

 

 

(2,591

)

 

 

 

 

 

Purchase of 22,267 shares of treasury stock due to the vesting of restricted stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(814

)

 

 

 

 

(814

)

Purchase of 1,375,000 shares of treasury stock pursuant to the Stock Repurchase Program

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(53,142

)

 

 

 

 

(53,142

)

Dividends paid on common stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(18,300

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(18,300

)

BALANCE, SEPTEMBER 30, 2007

 

$

 

$

69

 

$

648,079

 

$

626,241

 

$

(96,852

)

$

(10,982

)

 

 

$

1,166,555

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BALANCE, JANUARY 1, 2008

 

$

 

$

70

 

$

652,297

 

$

657,183

 

$

(98,925

)

$

(38,802

)

 

 

$

1,171,823

 

Comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss for the period

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(52,049

)

 

 

 

 

$

(52,049

)

(52,049

)

Net unrealized loss on investment securities available-for-sale

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(33,797

)

(33,797

)

(33,797

)

Total comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

(85,846

)

 

 

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle pursuant to adoption of EITF 06-4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(479

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(479

)

Stock compensation costs

 

 

 

 

 

4,515

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,515

 

Tax benefit from stock option exercises

 

 

 

 

 

159

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

159

 

Tax provision from vested restricted stock

 

 

 

 

 

(397

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(397

)

Issuance of 200,000 shares Series A convertible preferred stock, net of stock issuance costs

 

 

 

 

 

194,068

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

194,068

 

Conversion of 2,600 shares of Preferred Stock

 

 

 

 

 

(2,523

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(2,523

)

Issuance of 168,983 shares of Common Stock from converted 2,600 shares of Preferred Stock

 

 

 

 

 

2,523

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,523

 

Issuance of 400,834 shares pursuant to various stock plans and agreements

 

 

 

 

 

1,623

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,623

 

Issuance of 18,361 shares pursuant to Director retainer fee

 

 

 

 

 

219

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

219

 

Cancellation of 102,058 shares due to forfeitures of issued restricted stock

 

 

 

 

 

3,238

 

 

 

(3,238

)

 

 

 

 

 

Purchase accounting adjustment pursuant to DCB Acquisition

 

 

 

 

 

2,298

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,298

 

Purchase of 410 shares of treasury stock due to the vesting of restricted stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(8

)

 

 

 

 

(8

)

Dividends paid on preferred stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(4,089

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(4,089

)

Dividends paid on common stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(19,005

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(19,005

)

BALANCE, SEPTEMBER 30, 2008

 

$

 

$

70

 

$

858,020

 

$

581,561

 

$

(102,171

)

$

(72,599

)

 

 

$

1,264,881

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Disclosure of reclassification amounts:

 

 

 

 

 

Unrealized holding (loss) gain on securities arising during the period, net of tax (benefit) expense of $(47,887) in 2008 and $1,544 in 2007

 

$

(66,129

)

$

2,131

 

Less: Reclassification adjustment for loss (gain) included in net income, net of tax (benefit) expense of $(23,413) in 2008 and $2,192 in 2007

 

32,332

 

(3,026

)

Net unrealized loss on securities, net of tax benefit of $24,474 in 2008 and $648 in 2007

 

$

(33,797

)

$

(895

)

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

 

EAST WEST BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

 

 

 

 

 

Net (loss) income

 

$

(52,049

)

$

123,922

 

Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

12,754

 

9,915

 

Impairment writedown on goodwill

 

858

 

 

Impairment writedown of investment securities

 

63,512

 

405

 

Stock compensation costs

 

4,515

 

4,891

 

Deferred tax benefit

 

(78,929

)

(15,531

)

Provision for loan losses

 

183,000

 

3,000

 

Provision for loss on other real estate owned

 

2,121

 

 

Net gain on sales of investment securities, loans and other assets

 

(8,570

)

(8,725

)

Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividends

 

(3,777

)

(2,691

)

Originations of loans held for sale

 

(42,100

)

(29,796

)

Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale

 

42,458

 

29,806

 

Tax benefit from stock options exercised

 

(159

)

(7,177

)

Tax provision (benefit) from vested restricted stock

 

397

 

(192

)

Net change in accrued interest receivable and other assets

 

25,755

 

32,583

 

Net change in accrued interest payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities

 

(5,485

)

20,319

 

Total adjustments

 

196,350

 

36,807

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

144,301

 

160,729

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

 

 

 

 

 

Net loan decrease (increase)

 

265,375

 

(964,301

)

Purchases of:

 

 

 

 

 

Short term investments

 

(495

)

 

Securities purchased under resale agreements

 

 

(150,000

)

Investment securities available-for-sale

 

(1,657,219

)

(646,750

)

Federal Home Loan Bank stock

 

(9,400

)

(23,163

)

Federal Reserve Bank stock

 

(5,904

)

(600

)

Premises and equipment

 

(3,173

)

(10,812

)

Proceeds from sale of:

 

 

 

 

 

Investment securities available-for-sale

 

376,148

 

423,738

 

Securities purchased under resale agreements

 

100,000

 

100,000

 

Loans receivable

 

148,254

 

19,612

 

Real estate owned

 

28,084

 

4,130

 

Premises and equipment

 

85

 

6,710

 

Maturity of interest-bearing deposits in other banks

 

 

1,205

 

Repayments, maturity and redemption of investment securities available-for-sale

 

1,011,854

 

971,971

 

Redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock

 

12,000

 

31,767

 

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired

 

(1,158

)

(7,341

)

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

 

264,451

 

(243,834

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

 

 

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) in deposits

 

257,435

 

(263,508

)

Net (decrease) increase in federal funds purchased

 

(191,832

)

14,910

 

Net (decrease) increase in Federal Home Loan Bank advances

 

(270,000

)

291,500

 

(Repayment) purchases of of securities sold under repurchase agreements

 

(2,488

)

25,837

 

Repayment of notes payable on affordable housing investments

 

(7,091

)

(6,081

)

Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt

 

 

50,000

 

Proceeds from issuance of common stock pursuant to various stock plans and agreements

 

1,623

 

10,057

 

Proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred stock, net of stock issuance costs

 

194,068

 

 

Tax benefit from stock options exercised

 

159

 

7,177

 

Tax (provision) benefit from vested restricted stock

 

(397

)

192

 

Dividends paid on preferred stock and common stock

 

(23,094

)

(18,300

)

Purchase of treasury shares pursuant to stock repurchase program and vesting of restricted stock

 

(8

)

(53,956

)

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

 

(41,625

)

57,828

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

 

367,127

 

(25,277

)

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

 

160,347

 

192,559

 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD

 

$

527,474

 

$

167,282

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:

 

 

 

 

 

Cash paid during the period for:

 

 

 

 

 

Interest

 

$

231,717

 

$

273,217

 

Income tax payments, net of refunds

 

39,743

 

86,605

 

Noncash investing and financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Real estate acquired through foreclosure

 

46,614

 

622

 

Affordable housing investment financed through notes payable

 

3,000

 

9,613

 

Purchase accounting adjustment in connection with acquisition

 

2,298

 

 

Issuance of common stock in lieu of Board of Director retainer fees

 

219

 

219

 

Guaranteed mortgage loan securitizations

 

 

1,067,309

 

Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition

 

 

78,486

 

Equity interests in East West Capital Trusts

 

 

1,547

 

 

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

 

EAST WEST BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 and 2007

(Unaudited)

 

1.              BASIS OF PRESENTATION

 

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of East West Bancorp, Inc. (referred to herein on an unconsolidated basis as “East West” and on a consolidated basis as the “Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, East West Bank and subsidiaries (the “Bank”) and East West Insurance Services, Inc.  Intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.  East West also has nine wholly-owned subsidiaries that are statutory business trusts (the “Trusts”).  In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 46(R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, the Trusts are not consolidated into the accounts of East West Bancorp, Inc.

 

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements, presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), are unaudited and reflect all adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of financial condition and results of operations for the interim periods.  All adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature.  Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the year as a whole.  Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted.  The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

Certain items in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended 2008 and 2007 were reclassified to conform to the year-to-date 2008 presentation.  These reclassifications did not affect previously reported net income.  In June 2008, the Company reclassified net gain on sale of other real estate owned (“OREO”) from the caption Noninterest Income to Noninterest Expense in order to present all OREO activity in a single line item.  As a result, $1.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, previously included under the caption Noninterest Income was reclassified to OREO expense (income), which is a component of Noninterest Expense.  Additionally, during the third quarter of 2008, the Company reclassified impairment writedowns on investment securities from the caption Noninterest Expense to Noninterest Income.  As a result, $9.9 million and $405 thousand in other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) charges recorded during the first six months of 2008 and first nine months ended 2007, respectively, were reclassified from the caption Noninterest Expense to Noninterest Income.

 

2.              SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Recent Accounting Standards

 

In September 2006, the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) issued EITF 06-4, Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements, which requires employers to recognize an obligation associated with endorsement split-dollar

 

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Table of Contents

 

life insurance arrangements that extend into the employee’s postretirement period.  EITF 06-4 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2007.  Upon adoption of EITF 06-4, the Company recorded a net decrease to retained earnings of $479 thousand, net of tax.

 

In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (“SFAS 157”), which provides a definition of fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and requires expanded disclosures about fair value measurements.  The standard applies when GAAP requires or allows assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value and, therefore, does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstance.  The Company adopted SFAS 157 on a prospective basis.  The adoption of SFAS 157 on January 1, 2008 did not have any impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.  The adoption of this standard resulted in additional disclosures which are presented in Note 3 of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements presented elsewhere in this report.  In February 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157, which provided for a one-year deferral of the implementation of this standard for other nonfinanical assets and liabilities, effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008.  This additional guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

 

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans (“SFAS 158”), which amends SFAS No. 87, Employers’ Accounting for Pensions; SFAS No. 88, Employers’ Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits; SFAS No. 106, Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions; and SFAS No. 132(R), Employers’ Disclosures about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits (revised 2003).  This Statement requires companies to recognize an asset or liability for the overfunded or underfunded status of their benefit plans in their financial statements.  The asset or liability is the offset to other accumulated comprehensive income, consisting of previously unrecognized prior service costs and credits, actuarial gains or losses, and accumulated transition obligations and assets.  SFAS 158 also requires the measurement date for plan assets and liabilities to coincide with the sponsor’s year-end.  The standard provides two transition alternatives for companies to make the measurement-date provisions.  The Company adopted the recognition and disclosure elements of SFAS 158, effective January 1, 2008, which did not have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

 

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 (“SFAS 159”).  SFAS 159 would allow the Company a one-time irrevocable election to measure certain financial assets and liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value and report the unrealized gains and losses on the elected items in earnings at each subsequent reporting date.  This Statement requires companies to provide additional information that will help investors and other users of financial statements to more easily understand the effect of the Company’s choice to use fair value on its earnings.  SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007.  The Company has elected not to measure any new financial instruments at fair value, as permitted in SFAS 159, but to continue recording its financial instruments in accordance with current practice.

 

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations (“SFAS 141(R)”), which replaces FASB Statement No. 141, Business Combinations.  SFAS 141(R) establishes principles and requirements for how an acquiring company (1) recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree, (2) recognizes and measures the goodwill acquired in the business combination

 

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Table of Contents

 

or a gain from a bargain purchase, and (3) determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination.  SFAS 141(R) is effective for business combinations occurring on or after the beginning of the fiscal year beginning on or after December 15, 2008.  SFAS 141(R), effective for the Company on January 1, 2009, and applies to all transactions or other events in which the Company obtains control in one or more businesses.  Management will assess each transaction on a case-by-case basis as they occur.

 

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements - an Amendment of ARB No. 51 (“SFAS 160”).  This Statement requires that noncontrolling or minority interests in subsidiaries be presented in the consolidated statement of financial position within equity, but separate from the parents’ equity, and that the amount of the consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated statement of income.  SFAS 160 is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008.  The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material effect on its financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

 

In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position FAS No. 140-3, Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions (“FSP No. 140-3”), which provides a consistent framework for the evaluation of a transfer of a financial asset and subsequent repurchase agreement entered into with the same counterparty.  FSP FAS No. 140-3 provides guidelines that must be met in order for an initial transfer and subsequent repurchase agreement to not be considered linked for evaluation.  If the transactions do not meet the specified criteria, they are required to be accounted for as one transaction.  This FSP is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and shall be applied prospectively to initial transfers and repurchase financings for which the initial transfer is executed on or after adoption.  The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material effect on its financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

 

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (“SFAS 161”).  SFAS 161 requires specific disclosures regarding the location and amounts of derivative instruments in the financial statements; how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for; and how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect the financial position, financial performance, and cash flows of the Company.  It is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, with early adoption encouraged.  The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material effect on its financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

 

In April 2008, the FASB directed the FASB Staff to issue FSP No. FAS 142-3, Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets.  FSP No. FAS 142-3 amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used for purposes of determining the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (“SFAS 142”).  FSP No. FAS 142-3 is intended to improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS 142 and the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset under SFAS 141(R) and other GAAP.  FSP FAS 142-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008.  Earlier application is not permitted.  The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material effect on its financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

 

In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“SFAS 162”).  SFAS 162 identifies a consistent framework, or hierarchy, for selecting accounting principles to be used in preparing financial statements that are presented in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for nongovernmental entities (“the Hierarchy”).  The

 

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Table of Contents

 

Hierarchy within SFAS 162 is consistent with that previously defined in the AICPA Statement on Auditing Standards No. 69, The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“SAS 69”).  SFAS 162 is effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.  The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material effect on its financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

 

In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP EITF 03-06-1, Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities.  FSP EITF 03-06-1 requires all outstanding unvested share-based payment awards that contain rights to nonforfeitable dividends to be considered participating securities and requires entities to apply the two-class method of computing basic and diluted earnings per share.  This FSP is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  Early adoption is prohibited.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this FSP will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP SFAS 157-3, Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset is Not Active.  FSP SFAS 157 157-3 clarified the application of SFAS 157 in an inactive market.  It demonstrated how the fair value of a financial asset is determined when the market for that financial asset is inactive.  FSP SFAS 157-3 was effective upon issuance, including prior periods for which financial statements had not been issued as of September 30, 2008.  The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

 

3.              FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

 

The Company adopted SFAS 157 and SFAS 159, effective January 1, 2008.  SFAS 157 provides a framework for measuring fair value under GAAP.  This standard applies to all financial assets and liabilities that are being measured and reported at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis.  For the Company, this includes the investment securities available-for-sale (“AFS”) portfolio, equity swap agreements, derivatives payable, mortgage servicing assets, and impaired loans.

 

As defined in SFAS 157, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  In determining fair value, the Company uses various methods including market and income approaches.  Based on these approaches, the Company often utilizes certain assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.  These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable firm inputs.  The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.  Based on the observability of the inputs used in the valuation techniques, the Company is required to provide the following information according to the fair value hierarchy.  The hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values.  The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices available in active markets and the lowest priority to data lacking transparency.  Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value will be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

 

·                  Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments that are highly liquid, observable and actively traded in over-the-counter markets.  Level 1 financial instruments typically include U.S. Treasury securities.

 

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Table of Contents

 

·                  Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable and can be corroborated by market data.  Level 2 financial instruments typically include U.S. Government and agency mortgage-backed securities, U.S. Government sponsored enterprise preferred stock securities, trust preferred securities, and equity swap agreements.

 

·                  Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.  Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.  This category typically includes mortgage servicing assets, impaired loans, private label mortgage-backed securities, retained residual interests in securitizations, pooled trust preferred securities, and derivatives payable.

 

In determining the appropriate levels, the Company performs a detailed analysis of assets and liabilities that are subject to SFAS 157.  The following table presents financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis.  These assets and liabilities are reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at their fair values as of September 30, 2008.  As required by SFAS 157, financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to their fair value measurement.

 

 

 

Assets (Liabilities) Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis as of September 30, 2008

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements
September 30, 2008

 

Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identifical Assets
(Level 1)

 

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

 

Significant Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

 

 

 

(In Thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investment Securities (“AFS”)

 

$

2,047,244

 

$

5,083

 

$

1,349,070

 

$

693,091

 

Equity Swap Agreements

 

14,979

 

 

14,979

 

 

Derivatives Payable

 

(15,093

)

 

 

(15,093

)

 

 

 

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis as of September 30, 2008

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements
September 30, 2008

 

Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identifical Assets
(Level 1)

 

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

 

Significant Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

 

 

 

(In Thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mortgage Servicing Assets

 

$

18,782

 

$

 

$

 

$

18,782

 

Impaired Loans

 

174,864

 

 

 

174,864

 

 

At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs are classified as Level 3.  The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for asset categories measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008:

 

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Table of Contents

 

 

 

Investment
Securities
Available for
Sale

 

Mortgage
Servicing
Assets

 

Impaired
Loans

 

Derivatives
Payable

 

 

 

(In Thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Beginning balance, July 1, 2008

 

$

607,484

 

$

19,391

 

$

157,461

 

$

 

Total gains or losses (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Included in earnings (realized)

 

952

 

(667

)

22,821

 

 

Included in other comprehensive loss (unrealized) (2)

 

31,340

 

 

 

 

Purchases, issuances, sales, settlements (3)

 

(27,469

)

58

 

 

 

Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 (4)

 

80,784

 

 

(5,418

)

(15,093

)

Ending balance September 30, 2008

 

$

693,091

 

$

18,782

 

$

174,864

 

$

(15,093

)

Changes in unrealized losses included in earnings relating to assets and liabilities still held at September 30, 2008 (4)

 

$

(6,618

)

$

 

$

 

$

 

 

 

 

Investment
Securities
Available for
Sale

 

Mortgage
Servicing
Assets

 

Impaired
Loans

 

Derivatives
Payable

 

 

 

(In Thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Beginning balance, January 1, 2008

 

$

700,434

 

$

21,558

 

$

107,544

 

$

 

Total gains or losses (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Included in earnings (realized)

 

4,423

 

(3,699

)

(16,587

)

 

Included in other comprehensive loss (unrealized) (2)

 

(4,625

)

 

 

 

Purchases, issuances, sales, settlements (3)

 

(87,925

)

923

 

 

 

Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 (4)

 

80,784

 

 

83,907

 

(15,093

 

Ending balance September 30, 2008

 

$

693,091

 

$

18,782

 

$

174,864

 

$

(15,093

 

Changes in unrealized losses included in earnings relating to assets and liabilities still held at September 30, 2008 (4)

 

$

(8,192

)

$

 

$

 

$

 

 


1)             Total gains or losses represent the total realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded for Level 3 assets and liabilities.  Realized gains or losses are reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

 

2)             Unrealized gains or losses on investment securities are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax in the condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity.

 

3)             Purchases, issuances, sales and settlements represent Level 3 assets and liabilities that were either purchased, issued, sold, or settled during the period.  The amounts are recorded at their end of period fair values.

 

4)             Transfers in and/or out represent existing assets and liabilities that were either previously categorized as a higher level and the inputs to the model became unobservable or assets and liabilities that were previously classified as Level 3 and the lowest significant input became observable during the period.  These assets and liabilities are recorded at their end of period fair values.

 

Valuation Methodologies

 

Investment Securities Available-for-SaleThe fair values of available-for-sale investment securities are generally determined by reference to the average of at least two quoted market prices obtained from independent external brokers or prices obtained from independent external pricing service

 

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providers who have experience in valuing these securities.  In obtaining such valuation information from third parties, the Company has reviewed the methodologies used to develop the resulting fair values.

 

The Company’s Level 3 available-for-sale securities include private label mortgage-backed securities, pooled trust preferred debt and equity securities, and residual securities that have been retained by the Company in connection with the private label loan securitization activities.  The fair values of private label mortgage-backed securities and pooled trust preferred securities have traditionally been based on the average of at least two quoted market prices obtained from independent external brokers since broker quotes in an active market are given the highest priority under SFAS 157.  However, as a result of the global financial crisis and illiquidity in the U.S. markets, it is the Company’s view that current broker prices on private label mortgage-backed securities and certain pooled trust preferred securities are based on forced liquidation or distressed sale values in very inactive markets that are not representative of the economic value of these securities.  In light of these circumstances, the Company has amended its approach to obtaining the current values of these securities.  The Company examines the facts and circumstances of each security to determine appropriate combination of the market approach reflecting current broker prices and a discounted cash flow approach.  In order to determine the appropriate discount rate for the calculation of the fair value derived from the income approach, we have made assumptions related to the implied rate of return which have been adjusted for general change in market rates, estimated changes in credit quality and liquidity risk premium, specific non-performance and default experience in the collateral underlying the security, as well as broker discount rates.  The values resulting from each approach (i.e. market and income approaches) are weighted to derive the final fair value on each private label mortgage-backed and pooled trust preferred security.

 

The valuation of residual securities is based on a discounted cash flow approach utilizing several assumption factors.  Assumptions related to prepayment speeds, forward yield curves, financial characteristics of the underlying assets, delinquency trends, and other factors are taken into consideration in determining the discount margin on residual securities.  Furthermore, the liquidity of the market for similar securities is also incorporated in the valuation analysis to better determine the fair value of residual securities.

 

Equity Swap Agreements – The Company has entered into several equity swap agreements with a major investment brokerage firm to hedge against market fluctuations in a promotional equity index certificate of deposit product offered to bank customers.  This deposit product, which has a term of 5 years or 5½ years, pays interest based on the performance of the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index (“HSCEI”).  The fair value of these equity swap agreements is based on the income approach.  The fair value is based on the change in the value of the HSCEI and the volatility of the call option over the life of the individual swap agreement.  The option value is derived based on the volatility, the interest rate and the time remaining to maturity of the call option.  The Company’s consideration of its counterparty’s credit risk resulted in a $547 thousand adjustment to the valuation of the equity swap agreements.  The valuation of equity swap agreements falls within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the fair value of these derivative contracts.

 

Derivatives Payable – The Company’s derivatives payable are recorded in conjunction with the certificate of deposits (“host instrument”) that pays interest based on changes in the HSCEI and are included in interest-bearing deposits on the consolidated balance sheets.  The fair value of these embedded derivatives is based on the income approach.  The Company’s consideration of its own credit risk resulted in a $433 thousand adjustment to the valuation of the derivative liabilities, and a net loss of $114 thousand was recognized in noninterest expense as the net difference between the valuation of the equity swap agreements and derivatives payable for the quarter ended September 30, 2008.  The

 

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valuation of the derivatives payable falls within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy since the significant inputs used in deriving the fair value of these derivative contracts are not directly observable.

 

Mortgage Servicing Assets (“MSAs”) – The Company records MSAs in conjunction with its loan sale and securitization activities since the servicing of the underlying loans is retained by the Bank.  MSAs are initially measured at fair value using an income approach.  The initial fair value of MSAs is determined based on the present value of estimated net future cash flows related to contractually specified servicing fees.  The valuation for MSAs falls within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy since there are no quoted prices for MSAs and the significant inputs used to determine fair value are not directly observable.  The valuation of MSAs is determined using a discounted cash flow approach utilizing the appropriate yield curve and several market-derived assumptions including prepayment speeds, servicing cost, delinquency and foreclosure costs and behavior, and float earnings rate, to name a few.  Net cash flows are present valued using a market-derived discount rate.  The resulting fair value is then compared to recently observed bulk market transactions with similar characteristics.  The fair value is adjusted accordingly to be better aligned with current observed market trends and activity.

 

Impaired Loans – In accordance with SFAS No. 114, Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan, an Amendment of FASB Statements No. 5 and 15, the Company’s impaired loans are generally measured using the fair value of the underlying collateral, which is determined based on the most recent valuation information received, which may be adjusted based on factors such as the Company’s historical knowledge and changes in market conditions from the time of valuation.  As of September 30, 2008, the impaired loan balance, net of the specific reserve, was $174.9 million.  Impaired loans fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy since they were measured at fair value based on appraisals of the underlying collateral.

 

4.              STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

 

The Company issues stock-based compensation to certain employees, officers and directors under share-based compensation plans.  The Company adopted SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment on January 1, 2006 using the modified prospective method.  Under this method, the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R) are applied to new awards and to awards modified, repurchased or canceled after December 31, 2005 and to awards outstanding on December 31, 2005 for which requisite service has not yet been rendered.  SFAS No. 123(R) requires companies to account for stock options using the fair value method, which generally results in compensation expense recognition.  Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R), the Company applied APB No. 25 to account for its stock based awards.

 

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, total compensation cost recognized in the consolidated statements of operations related to stock options and restricted stock awards amounted to $1.5 million and $4.5 million, respectively, with related tax benefits of $630 thousand and $1.9 million, respectively.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, total compensation cost recognized in the consolidated statements of operations related to stock options and restricted stock awards amounted to $1.7 million and $4.9 million, respectively, with related tax benefits of $731 thousand and $2.1 million, respectively.

 

Stock Options

 

The Company issues fixed stock options to certain employees, officers, and directors.  Stock options are issued at the current market price on the date of grant with a three-year or four-year vesting

 

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period and contractual terms of 7 years.  Stock options issued prior to July 2002 had contractual terms of 10 years.  The Company issues new shares upon the exercise of stock options.

 

A summary of activity for the Company’s stock options as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 is presented below:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted

 

Average

 

Aggregate

 

 

 

 

 

Average

 

Remaining

 

Intrinsic

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise

 

Contractual

 

Value

 

 

 

Shares

 

Price

 

Term

 

(In thousands) (1)

 

Outstanding at beginning of period

 

2,099,120

 

$

21.71

 

 

 

 

 

Granted

 

721,499

 

18.71

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

(59,298

)

10.15

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited

 

(106,518

)

32.39

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding at end of period

 

2,654,803

 

$

20.73

 

3.57 years

 

$

1,094

 

Vested or expected to vest

 

2,581,949

 

$

20.60

 

3.51 years

 

$

1,091

 

Exercisable at end of period

 

1,592,401

 

$

17.68

 

2.03 years

 

$

1,062

 

 


(1) The aggregate intrinsic value excludes shares of 1,859,563 weighted average options outstanding as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, for which the exercise price exceeded the average market price of the Company’s common stock during these periods.

 

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

September 30,

 

September 30,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

2008

 

2007

 

Expected term (1)

 

(5)

4 years

 

4 years

 

4 years

 

Expected volatility (2)

 

(5)

23.8

%

27.9

%

24.1

%

Expected dividend yield (3)

 

(5)

1.1

%

1.2

%

1.1

%

Risk-free interest rate (4)

 

(5)

4.0

%

2.6

%

4.5

%

 


(1)         The expected term (estimated period of time outstanding) of stock options granted was estimated using the historical exercise behavior of employees.

(2)         The expected volatility was based on historical volatility for a period equal to the stock option’s expected term.

(3)         The expected dividend yield is based on the Company’s prevailing dividend rate at the time of grant.

(4)         The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury strips in effect at the time of grant equal to the stock option’s expected term.

(5)         The Company did not issue any stock options during the third quarter of 2008.

 

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, information related to stock options is presented as follows:

 

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Three Months Ended

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

September 30,

 

September 30,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

2008

 

2007

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average fair value of stock options granted during the period

 

$

(1)

$

8.13

 

$

4.27

 

$

9.20

 

Total intrinsic value of options exercised (in thousands)

 

$

43

 

$

2,630

 

$

380

 

$

17,070

 

Total fair value of options vested (in thousands)

 

$

103

 

$

66

 

$

1,325

 

$

734

 

 


(1)         The Company did not issue any stock options during the third quarter of 2008.

 

As of September 30, 2008, total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options amounted to $4.2 million.  The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.4 years.

 

Restricted Stock

 

In addition to stock options, the Company also grants restricted stock awards to directors, certain officers and employees.  The restricted shares awarded become fully vested after three to five years of continued employment from the date of grant.  The Company becomes entitled to an income tax deduction in an amount equal to the taxable income reported by the holders of the restricted shares when the restrictions are released and the shares are issued.  Restricted shares are forfeited if officers and employees terminate prior to the lapsing of restrictions.  The Company records forfeitures of restricted stock as treasury share repurchases.

 

A summary of the activity for restricted stock as of September 30, 2008, including changes during the nine months then ended, is presented below:

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted

 

 

 

 

 

Average

 

 

 

Shares

 

Price

 

Outstanding at beginning of period

 

683,336

 

$

34.48

 

Granted

 

277,608

 

19.66

 

Vested

 

(49,891

)

36.18

 

Forfeited

 

(102,058

)

31.71

 

Outstanding at end of period

 

808,995

 

$

29.64

 

 

The weighted average fair values of restricted stock awards granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were $19.66 and $38.45, respectively.

 

As of September 30, 2008, total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards amounted to $13.6 million.  This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.8 years.

 

The Company also grants performance restricted stock with a two-year cliff vesting to an executive officer.  The number of shares that the executive will receive under these stock awards will ultimately depend on the Company’s achievement of specified performance targets over the specified performance periods.  At the end of each performance period, the number of stock awards issued will be determined by adjusting upward or downward from the target amount of shares in a range approximately between 25% and 125%.  The final performance percentages on which the payouts will be based, considering performance metrics established for the performance periods, will be determined by the Board of Directors or a committee of the Board.  If the Company performs below its performance targets,

 

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the Board or the committee may, at its discretion, choose not to award any shares.  Shares of stock, if any, will be issued following the end of each performance period.  Compensation costs are accrued over the service period and are based on the probable outcome of the performance condition.  The maximum number of shares subject to these stock awards varies for each grant representing a maximum total of 140,767 shares as of September 30, 2008.

 

5.              INVESTMENTS AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE

 

In September 2008, sustained liquidity and credit concerns led the U.S. Federal Government to assume a conservatorship role in Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and to cease the payment of dividends on these government-sponsored entities’ preferred and common stock.  These developments have further adversely impacted the ratings and fair values of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac preferred stock.  In accordance with SFAS 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities, and FSP FAS 115-1 and FAS 124-1, The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments, the Company recorded $47.0 million in other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) charges on these preferred stock securities during the third quarter of 2008.  Total impairment charges recorded on Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac preferred stock amounted to $55.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.  As of September 30, 2008, the total fair value of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac preferred securities have been reduced to $3.3 million.

 

During the third quarter of 2008, the Company also recorded impairment charges on certain pooled trust preferred debt and equity securities amounting to $6.6 million in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 115, FSP FAS 115-1 and FAS 124-1, and EITF 99-20, Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Purchased and Retained Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets.  For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, total impairment charges recorded on pooled trust preferred debt and equity securities amounted to $8.2 million.

 

6.              GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

 

The carrying amount of goodwill amounted to $337.3 million and $335.4 million at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.  Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently as events occur, or as current circumstances and conditions warrant.  The Company records impairment writedowns as charges to noninterest expense and adjustments to the carrying value of goodwill.  Subsequent reversals of goodwill impairment are prohibited.

 

During the third quarter of 2008, both the U.S. and global financial markets continued to experience volatility and the effect of such volatility continued to unfavorably impact the market prices of banking stocks, including the Company’s.  As of September 30, 2008, the Company’s market capitalization based on total outstanding common and preferred shares was $1.05 billion and its total stockholders’ equity was $1.26 billion.  As a result, the Company performed an impairment analysis as of September 30, 2008 to determine whether and to what extent, if any, recorded goodwill was impaired.  The valuation analysis compared the fair value of each of the reporting units, including goodwill, to the respective carrying amounts.  If the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including goodwill exceeds the fair value of that reporting unit, then further testing for goodwill impairment is performed.

 

As a result of this analysis, it was determined that there was further deterioration in the fair value of the Company’s insurance agency reporting unit, East West Insurance Services, Inc.  The Company

 

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recorded additional goodwill impairment of $272 thousand as a charge to earnings during the third quarter of 2008.  This amount represents the remaining goodwill balance for this reporting unit.  Total goodwill impairment charges recorded for East West Insurance Services, Inc. amounted to $858 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.  These impairment charges had no effect on the Company’s cash balances or liquidity.  In addition, because goodwill and other intangible assets are not included in the calculation of regulatory capital, the Company’s well capitalized regulatory ratios are not affected by this non-cash expense.  No assurance can be given that goodwill will not be written down further in future periods.  The Company did not record any goodwill impairment writedowns during the first nine months of 2007.

 

The Company also has premiums on acquired deposits which represent the intangible value of depositor relationships resulting from deposit liabilities assumed from various acquisitions.  The gross carrying amount of deposit premiums totaled $43.0 million and $46.9 million, respectively, with related accumulated amortization amounting to $19.9 million and $18.5 million, respectively, at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007.  During the first quarter of 2008, the Company recorded an $855 thousand impairment writedown on deposit premiums initially recorded for the Desert Community Bank (“DCB”) acquisition due to higher than anticipated runoffs in certain deposit categories.  The Company did not record any impairment writedowns on deposit premiums during 2007.

 

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7.              ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

 

The following table summarizes activity in the allowance for loan losses for the periods indicated:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

September 30,

 

September 30,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

2008

 

2007

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Allowance balance, beginning of period

 

$

168,413

 

$

77,280

 

$

88,407

 

$

78,201

 

Allowance from acquisition

 

 

4,125

 

 

4,125

 

Allowance for unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit

 

5,437

 

1,013

 

5,669

 

824

 

Provision for loan losses

 

43,000

 

3,000

 

183,000

 

3,000

 

Chargeoffs:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Single family real estate

 

1,023

 

 

1,732

 

 

Multifamily real estate

 

1,006

 

 

1,442

 

 

Commercial and industrial real estate

 

21,690

 

 

43,108

 

 

Construction

 

16,138

 

516

 

40,429

 

516

 

Commercial business

 

4,401

 

392

 

18,136

 

1,437

 

Automobile

 

63

 

1

 

226

 

1

 

Other consumer

 

34

 

 

74

 

11

 

Total chargeoffs

 

44,355

 

909

 

105,147

 

1,965

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Recoveries:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Single family real estate

 

1

 

 

3

 

 

Commercial and industrial real estate

 

1,899

 

18

 

1,905

 

18

 

Construction

 

2,581

 

 

2,581

 

 

Commercial business

 

177

 

25

 

714

 

348

 

Automobile

 

2

 

13

 

23

 

14

 

Total recoveries

 

4,660

 

56

 

5,226

 

380

 

Net chargeoffs

 

39,695

 

853

 

99,921

 

1,585

 

Allowance balance, end of period

 

$

177,155

 

$

84,565

 

$

177,155

 

$

84,565

 

Average loans outstanding

 

$

8,451,517

 

$

8,433,268

 

$

8,725,596

 

$

8,236,948

 

Total gross loans outstanding, end of period

 

$

8,289,433

 

$

8,558,314

 

$

8,289,433

 

$

8,558,314

 

Annualized net chargeoffs to average loans

 

1.88

%

0.04

%

1.53

%

0.03

%

Allowance for loan losses to total gross loans, end of period

 

2.14

%

0.99

%

2.14

%

0.99

%

 

At September 30, 2008, the allowance for loan losses amounted to $177.2 million, or 2.14% of total loans, compared with $88.4 million, or 1.00% of total loans, at December 31, 2007, and $84.6 million, or 0.99% of total loans, at September 30, 2007.  The increase in the allowance for loan losses is primarily due to the $183.0 million in provisions for loan losses recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.  In comparison, $3.0 million in loss provisions were recorded during same period in 2007.  In response to the unprecedented downturn in the real estate and housing markets, the Company performed an extensive evaluation of certain sectors of its loan portfolio during the second and third quarters of 2008 to identify and mitigate potential losses in loan categories that were especially hard hit by current market conditions.  As part of this evaluation process, the Company ordered new appraisals for land, residential construction, and commercial construction loans and also engaged the services of an independent third party to make a current assessment as to the financial strength of the borrowers.  The significant increase in loan loss provisions recorded during the first nine months of 2008, relative to the

 

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same period in 2007, reflects the findings and results from the Company’s comprehensive loan review efforts.

 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we recorded $99.9 million in net chargeoffs, compared to $1.6 million in net chargeoffs recorded during the first nine months of 2007.  Of the $99.9 million in net chargeoffs recorded during the first nine months of 2008, 78% or $78.4 million were related to land and residential constructions loans.  Moreover, the volume of delinquent and nonperforming loans also increased significantly in 2008 relative to 2007 as a result of the deterioration in the real estate and housing markets.

 

8.              COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

Credit Extensions - In the normal course of business, the Company has various outstanding commitments to extend credit that are not reflected in the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements.  As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, undisbursed loan commitments amounted to $1.71 billion and $2.72 billion, respectively.  Commercial and standby letters of credit amounted to $559.3 million and $619.9 million as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.

 

Guarantees – From time to time, the Company securitizes loans with recourse in the ordinary course of business.  For loans that have been securitized with recourse, the recourse component is considered a guarantee.  When the Company securitizes a loan with recourse, it commits to stand ready to perform if the loan defaults, and to make payments to remedy the default.  As of September 30, 2008, total loans securitized with recourse amounted to $566.0 million and were comprised of $63.8 million in single family loans with full recourse and $502.2 million in multifamily loans with limited recourse.  In comparison, total loans securitized with recourse amounted to $650.2 million at December 31, 2007, comprised of $72.7 million in single family loans with full recourse and $577.5 million in multifamily loans with limited recourse.  The recourse provision on multifamily loans is limited to 2.5% of the top loss on the underlying loans.  All of these transactions represent securitizations with Fannie Mae.  The Company’s recourse reserve related to loan securitizations totaled $1.2 million and $3.0 million as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, and is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.  Despite the challenging conditions in the real estate market, the Company continues to experience minimal losses from single family and multifamily loan portfolios.

 

The Company also sells or securitizes loans without recourse that may have to be subsequently repurchased if a defect that occurred during the loan origination process results in a violation of a representation or warranty made in connection with the securitization or sale of the loan.  When a loan sold or securitized to an investor without recourse fails to perform according to its contractual terms, the investor will typically review the loan file to determine whether defects in the origination process occurred and if such defects give rise to a violation of a representation or warranty made to the investor in connection with the sale or securitization.  If such a defect is identified, the Company may be required to either repurchase the loan or indemnify the investor for losses sustained.  If there are no such defects, the Company has no commitment to repurchase the loan.  As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the amount of loans sold without recourse totaled $790.9 million and $606.5 million, respectively.  Total loans securitized without recourse amounted to $1.06 billion and $1.19 billion, respectively, at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007.  The loans sold or securitized without recourse represent the unpaid principal balance of the Company’s loans serviced for others portfolio.

 

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Litigation - Neither the Company nor the Bank is involved in any material legal proceedings at September 30, 2008.  The Bank, from time to time, is a party to litigation which arises in the ordinary course of business, such as claims to enforce liens, claims involving the origination and servicing of loans, and other issues related to the business of the Bank.  After taking into consideration information furnished by counsel to the Company and the Bank, management believes that the resolution of such issues will not have a material adverse impact on the financial position, results of operations, or liquidity of the Company or the Bank.

 

9.              INCOME TAXES

 

Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each year-end, based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income.  In conjunction with the $47.0 million OTTI charges recorded on the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac preferred stock during the third quarter of 2008, the Company concluded that the related deferred tax asset of $5.7 million will not “more likely than not” be utilized, and a $5.7 million valuation allowance was provided against the entire net deferred tax asset.  However, due to the passage of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (“EESA”) in October 2008, this legislation provided banks with tax relief by treating OTTI losses on Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac preferred stock as ordinary losses, instead of capital losses.  As a result of this law change, the Company anticipates an additional $5.7 million in tax benefit related to these OTTI charges to be recognized during the fourth quarter of 2008.

 

The income tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2008 amounted to $17.4 million representing an effective tax rate of 35.7% for the period.  In comparison, the provision for income taxes of $26.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 represented an effective tax rate of 38.9% for the quarter.  The income tax benefit for the third quarter of 2008 reflects the utilization of affordable housing tax credits totaling $2.0 million, compared to $1.3 million in tax credits utilized during the third quarter of 2007.

 

For the first nine months of 2008, the income tax benefit totaled $33.9 million representing an effective tax rate of 39.4%.  This compares to $79.0 million income tax expense, representing a 38.9% effective tax rate, recorded for the first nine months of 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, the income tax benefit reflects the utilization of $5.3 million in tax credits, compared to $3.8 million in tax credits utilized during the same period in 2007.  The $858 thousand goodwill impairment charge recorded during the first nine months of 2008 is not deductible for tax purposes.  Due to the high degree of variability of the estimated annual effective tax rate when considering the range of projected income for the remainder of the year, the Company has determined that the actual year-to-date effective tax rate is the best estimate of the annual effective tax rate.

 

10.       STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

Earnings (Loss) Per Share (“EPS”) – The actual number of shares outstanding at September 30, 2008 was 63,623,131.  Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income or loss available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the period.  Diluted EPS is calculated on the basis of the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period plus restricted stock and shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of outstanding convertible

 

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preferred stock, common stock options and warrants, unless they have an antidilutive effect.  In accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings Per Share, due to the net loss recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, incremental shares resulting from the assumed conversion, exercise, or contingent issuance of securities are not included as their effect on earnings or loss per share would be antidilutive.

 

The following table sets forth (loss) earnings per share calculations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

 

 

Net (loss) available to

 

Number

 

Per Share

 

Net income available to

 

Number

 

Per Share

 

 

 

common stockholders

 

of Shares

 

Amounts

 

common stockholders

 

of Shares

 

Amounts

 

 

 

(In thousands, except per share data)

 

 

 

 

 

Net (loss) income as reported

 

$

(31,206

)

 

$

 

$

41,336

 

 

$

 

Less: Preferred stock dividends

 

(4,089

)

 

 

 

 

 

Basic (loss) earnings per share

 

$

(35,295

)

62,675

 

$

(0.56

)

$

41,336

 

61,232

 

$

0.68

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Effect of dilutive securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stock options

 

 

 

 

 

620

 

(0.01

)

Restricted stock

 

 

 

 

 

207

 

 

Stock warrants

 

 

 

 

 

29

 

 

Diluted (loss) earnings per share

 

$

(35,295

)

62,675

 

$

(0.56

)

$

41,336

 

62,088

 

$

0.67

 

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

 

 

Net (loss) available to

 

Number

 

Per Share

 

Net income available to

 

Number

 

Per Share

 

 

 

common stockholders

 

of Shares

 

Amounts

 

common stockholders

 

of Shares

 

Amounts

 

 

 

(In thousands, except per share data)

 

 

 

 

 

Net (loss) income as reported

 

$

(52,049

)

 

$

 

$

123,922

 

 

$

 

Less: Preferred stock dividends

 

(4,089

)

 

 

 

 

 

Basic (loss) earnings per share

 

$

(56,138

)

62,586

 

$

(0.90

)

$

123,922

 

60,754

 

$

2.04

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Effect of dilutive securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stock options

 

 

 

 

 

720

 

(0.03

)

Restricted stock

 

 

 

 

 

198

 

 

Stock warrants

 

 

 

 

 

40

 

 

Diluted (loss) earnings per share

 

$

(56,138

)

62,586

 

$

(0.90

)

$

123,922

 

61,712

 

$

2.01

 

 

The following outstanding convertible preferred stock, stock options, restricted stock and stock warrants for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because including them would have had an antidilutive effect.

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Convertible preferred stock

 

12,955

 

 

7,617

 

 

Stock options

 

2,435

 

539

 

1,995

 

192

 

Restricted stock

 

710

 

 

651

 

 

 

Convertible Preferred Stock Offering - In April 2008, the Company issued 200,000 shares of 8% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A (“Preferred Stock”).  The Company received net proceeds of approximately $194.1 million after deducting underwriting discounts,

 

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commissions and offering expenses.  The holders of the Preferred Stock will have the right at any time to convert each share of Preferred Stock into 64.9942 shares of the Company’s common stock, plus cash in lieu of fractional shares.  This represents an initial conversion price of approximately $15.39 per share of common stock or a 22.5% conversion premium based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on April 23, 2008 of $12.56 per share.  On or after May 1, 2013, the Company will have the right, under certain circumstances, to cause the Preferred Stock to be converted into shares of the Company’s common stock.  Dividends on the Preferred Stock, if declared, will accrue and be payable quarterly in arrears at a rate per annum equal to 8% on the liquidation preference of $1,000 per share, commencing on August 1, 2008.  The proceeds from this offering were used to augment the Company’s liquidity and capital positions and reduce its borrowings.

 

Stock Repurchase Program – During 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program to buy back up to $80.0 million of the Company’s common stock.  The Company did not repurchase any shares during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 in connection with this stock repurchase program.

 

Quarterly Dividends – The Company’s Board of Directors declared and paid quarterly preferred stock cash dividends of $20.00 per share payable on or about August 1, 2008 to shareholders of record on July 15, 2008.  Cash dividends totaling $4.1 million were paid to the Company’s preferred stock shareholders during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.

 

The Company’s Board of Directors also declared and paid quarterly common stock cash dividends of $0.10 per share payable on or about August 19, 2008 to shareholders of record on August 6, 2008.  Cash dividends totaling $6.3 million and $19.0 million were paid to the Company’s common shareholders during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively.

 

11.       BUSINESS SEGMENTS

 

The Company utilizes an internal reporting system to measure the performance of various operating segments within the Bank and the Company overall.  The Company has identified four principal operating segments for purposes of management reporting: retail banking, commercial lending, treasury, and residential lending.  Information related to the Company’s remaining centralized functions and eliminations of inter-segment amounts have been aggregated and included in “Other.”  Although all four operating segments offer financial products and services, they are managed separately based on each segment’s strategic focus.  While the retail banking segment focuses primarily on retail operations through the Bank’s branch network, certain designated branches have responsibility for generating commercial deposits and loans.  The commercial lending segment, which includes commercial real estate, primarily generates commercial loans and deposits through the efforts of commercial lending officers located in the Bank’s northern and southern California production offices.  The treasury department’s primary focus is managing the Bank’s investments, liquidity, and interest rate risk; the residential lending segment is mainly responsible for the Bank’s portfolio of single family and multifamily residential loans.

 

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies described in Note 1 of the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.  Operating segment results are based on the Company’s internal management reporting process, which reflects assignments and allocations of capital, certain operating and administrative costs and the provision for loan losses.  Net interest income is based on the Company’s internal funds transfer pricing system which assigns a cost of funds or a credit for funds to

 

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assets or liabilities based on their type, maturity or repricing characteristics.  Noninterest income and noninterest expense, including depreciation and amortization, directly attributable to a segment are assigned to that business.  Indirect costs, including overhead expense, are allocated to the segments based on several factors, including, but not limited to, full-time equivalent employees, loan volume and deposit volume.  The provision for credit losses is allocated based on actual chargeoffs for the period as well as average loan volume for each segment during the period.  The Company evaluates overall performance based on profit or loss from operations before income taxes excluding nonrecurring gains and losses.

 

Commencing in the second quarter of 2008, the Company revised the allocation of certain investment securities and related revenues and expenses previously included in the Treasury segment.  Specifically, investment securities that have resulted from the Company’s in-house securitization activities have been allocated to the operating segments (i.e. retail banking, commercial lending, and residential lending) that initially originated the underlying loans.  Interest income, related premium amortizations and discount accretions, as well as any gains or losses from the sale of these investment securities have also been allocated to the appropriate operating segments.  As a result of these changes, the Company has revised its results for the comparable periods in 2007 to reflect the current allocation methodology between the treasury segment and the other operating segments.

 

The following tables present the operating results and other key financial measures for the individual operating segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007:

 

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Three Months Ended September 30, 2008

 

 

 

Retail

 

Commercial

 

 

 

Residential

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Banking

 

Lending

 

Treasury

 

Lending

 

Other

 

Total

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest income

 

$

43,484

 

$

79,833

 

$

19,359

 

$

16,808

 

$

378

 

$

159,862

 

Charge for funds used

 

(20,567

)

(35,898

)

(37,888

)

(7,655

)

 

(102,008

)

Interest spread on funds used

 

22,917

 

43,935

 

(18,529

)

9,153

 

378

 

57,854

 

Interest expense

 

(32,494

)

(3,454

)

(37,399

)

 

 

(73,347

)

Credit on funds provided

 

49,598

 

3,867

 

48,543

 

 

 

102,008

 

Interest spread on funds provided

 

17,104

 

413

 

11,144

 

 

 

28,661

 

Net interest income (expense)

 

$

40,021

 

$

44,348

 

$

(7,385

)

$

9,153

 

$

378

 

$

86,515

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation, amortization and accretion

 

$

2,818

 

$

192

 

$

(2,987

)

$

(237

)

$

2,867

 

$

2,653

 

Goodwill

 

269,865

 

16,867

 

 

50,599

 

 

337,331

 

Segment pretax profit (loss)

 

(8,282

)

9,622

 

(63,518

)

165

 

13,452

 

(48,561

)

Segment assets

 

2,949,210

 

5,228,985

 

1,855,655

 

1,077,864

 

610,602

 

11,722,316

 

 

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2007

 

 

 

Retail

 

Commercial

 

 

 

Residential

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Banking

 

Lending

 

Treasury

 

Lending

 

Other

 

Total

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest income

 

$

71,788

 

$

88,930

 

$

17,860

 

$

19,204

 

$

986

 

$

198,768

 

Charge for funds used

 

(48,304

)

(59,277

)

(21,010

)

(13,657

)

 

(142,248

)

Interest spread on funds used

 

23,484

 

29,653

 

(3,150

)

5,547

 

986

 

56,520

 

Interest expense

 

(47,120

)

(5,119

)

(42,675

)

 

 

(94,914

)

Credit on funds provided

 

84,826

 

8,683

 

48,739

 

 

 

142,248

 

Interest spread on funds provided

 

37,706

 

3,564

 

6,064

 

 

 

47,334

 

Net interest income

 

$

61,190

 

$

33,217

 

$

2,914

 

$

5,547

 

$

986

 

$

103,854

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation, amortization and accretion

 

$

2,852

 

$

223

 

$

(1,030

)

$

(17

)

$

1,300

 

$

3,328

 

Goodwill

 

250,507

 

16,700

 

 

66,802

 

858

 

334,867

 

Segment pretax profit (loss)

 

39,646

 

25,832

 

2,176

 

5,575

 

(5,525

)

67,704

 

Segment assets

 

4,086,396

 

4,516,308

 

1,335,395

 

1,138,951

 

563,113

 

11,640,163

 

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008

 

 

 

Retail

 

Commercial

 

 

 

Residential

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Banking

 

Lending

 

Treasury

 

Lending

 

Other

 

Total

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest income

 

$

151,658

 

$

253,950

 

$

53,546

 

$

53,593

 

$

2,204

 

$

514,951

 

Charge for funds used

 

(76,828

)

(123,884

)

(79,163

)

(27,863

)

 

(307,738

)

Interest spread on funds used

 

74,830

 

130,066

 

(25,617

)

25,730

 

2,204

 

207,213

 

Interest expense

 

(109,582

)

(10,813

)

(116,246

)

 

 

(236,641

)

Credit on funds provided

 

167,118

 

13,748

 

126,872

 

 

 

307,738

 

Interest spread on funds provided

 

57,536

 

2,935

 

10,626

 

 

 

71,097

 

Net interest income (expense)

 

$

132,366

 

$

133,001

 

$

(14,991

)

$

25,730

 

$

2,204

 

$

278,310

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation, amortization and accretion

 

$

9,906

 

$

613

 

$

(4,966

)

$

(255

)

$

7,456

 

$

12,754

 

Goodwill

 

269,865

 

16,867

 

 

50,599

 

 

337,331

 

Segment pretax (loss) profit

 

(12,660

)

(11,995

)

(83,898

)

12,898

 

9,695

 

(85,960

)

Segment assets

 

2,949,210

 

5,228,985

 

1,855,655

 

1,077,864

 

610,602

 

11,722,316

 

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007

 

 

 

Retail

 

Commercial

 

 

 

Residential

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Banking

 

Lending

 

Treasury

 

Lending

 

Other

 

Total

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest income

 

$

206,574

 

$

251,668

 

$

50,759

 

$

59,350

 

$

3,808

 

$

572,159

 

Charge for funds used

 

(142,159

)

(170,644

)

(57,920

)

(42,632

)

 

(413,355

)

Interest spread on funds used

 

64,415

 

81,024

 

(7,161

)

16,718

 

3,808

 

158,804

 

Interest expense

 

(133,382

)

(16,002

)

(121,389

)

 

 

(270,773

)

Credit on funds provided

 

243,980

 

25,656

 

143,719

 

 

 

413,355

 

Interest spread on funds provided

 

110,598

 

9,654

 

22,330

 

 

 

142,582

 

Net interest income

 

$

175,013

 

$

90,678

 

$

15,169

 

$

16,718

 

$

3,808

 

$

301,386

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation, amortization and accretion

 

$

7,807

 

$

574

 

$

(1,979

)

$

(25

)

$

3,538

 

$

9,915

 

Goodwill

 

250,507

 

16,700

 

 

66,802

 

858

 

334,867

 

Segment pretax profit (loss)

 

119,611

 

77,118

 

14,483

 

15,880

 

(24,140

)

202,952

 

Segment assets

 

4,086,396

 

4,516,308

 

1,335,395

 

1,138,951

 

563,113

 

11,640,163

 

 

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12.       SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

On October 14, 2008, the U.S. Department of Treasury announced the Treasury Capital Purchase Program under the EESA, pursuant to which the Treasury intends to make senior preferred stock investments in participating financial institutions that will qualify as Tier I capital.  The Company has applied for the maximum amount of additional capital allowed under the program based on the Company’s level of total risk-weighted assets as of June 30, 2008.  The Company’s application to participate in the program is subject to approval from the U.S. Department of Treasury.

 

On October 27, 2008, the Company announced that its Board of Directors has authorized the payment of dividends on both its preferred and common stock for the fourth quarter of 2008.  The $20.00 per share cash dividend on the preferred stock is payable on or about November 3, 2008 to shareholders of record as of October 15, 2008.  The common stock cash dividend of $0.10 per share will be payable on or about November 24, 2008 to shareholders of record on November 10, 2008.

 

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Table of Contents

 

ITEM 2.

 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The following discussion provides information about the results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, cash flows and capital resources of East West Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiaries.  This information is intended to facilitate the understanding and assessment of significant changes and trends related to our financial condition and the results of our operations.  This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, and the accompanying interim unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes hereto.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make a number of judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, income and expenses in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.  We believe that the judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are appropriate given the factual circumstances as of September 30, 2008.

 

Various elements of our accounting policies, by their nature, are inherently subject to estimation techniques, valuation assumptions and other subjective assessments.  In particular, we have identified five accounting policies that, due to judgments, estimates and assumptions inherent in those policies, are critical to an understanding of our consolidated financial statements.  These policies relate to the following areas:

 

·                  classification, valuation and OTTI review of investment securities;

·                  allowance for loan losses;

·                  valuation of retained interests and mortgage servicing assets related to securitizations and sales of loans;

·                  goodwill impairment; and

·                  share-based compensation

 

In each area, we have identified the variables most important in the estimation process.  We have used the best information available to make the estimations necessary to value the related assets and liabilities.  Actual performance that differs from our estimates and future changes in the key variables could change future valuations and impact net income.

 

Our significant accounting policies are described in greater detail in our 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K in the “Critical Accounting Policies” section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis and in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements—“Significant Accounting Policies” which are essential to understanding Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

 

Recent Developments

 

There have been significant disruptions in the U.S. and international financial system during the period covered by this report.  As a result, available credit has been reduced or ceased to exist.  The reduction in availability of credit, loss of confidence in the financial sector, and volatility in financial markets adversely affects the Company, the Bank and the performance of the Company’s stock.  The U.S. government, the governments of other countries, and multinational institutions has provided vast

 

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amounts of liquidity and capital into the banking system.   In addition, as discussed below, the Company’s results of operations have been impacted by the federal government’s conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which led to the recording of significant charges on investment securities during the quarter ended September 30, 2008.

 

In response to the financial crises affecting the overall banking system and financial markets in the United States, on October 3, 2008, the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (“EESA”) was enacted.  Under the EESA, the United States Treasury Department (“Treasury”) has authority, among other things, to purchase mortgages, mortgage backed securities and certain other financial instruments from financial institutions for the purpose of stabilizing and providing liquidity to the U.S. financial markets.

 

On October 3, 2008, the Troubled Asset Relief Program (“TARP”) was signed into law.  TARP gave the Treasury authority to deploy up to $750 billion into the financial system with an objective of improving liquidity in capital markets.  On October 24, 2008, Treasury announced plans to direct $250 billion of this authority into preferred stock investments in banks.  The general terms of this preferred stock program include:

 

·                  dividends on the Treasury’s preferred stock at a rate of 5% for the first five years and 9% dividends thereafter;

·                  common stock dividends cannot be increased for three years while Treasury is an investor unless preferred stock is redeemed or consent from Treasury is received;

·                  the Treasury preferred stock cannot be redeemed for three years unless the participating bank raises qualifying private capital;

·                  Treasury’s must consent to any buy back of other stock (common or other preferred);

·                  Treasury receives warrants equal to 15% of Treasury’s total investment in the participating institution; and participating institution’s executives must agree to certain compensation restrictions, and

·                  restrictions on the amount of executive compensation which is tax deductible.

 

The term of this Treasury preferred stock program could reduce investment returns to participating banks’ shareholders by restricting dividends to common shareholders, diluting existing shareholders’ interests, and restricting capital management practices. Although both the Company and its banking subsidiary meet all applicable regulatory capital requirements and remain well capitalized, the Company currently has applied for the maximum in additional capital as part of the TARP capital purchase program.

 

Federal and state governments could pass additional legislation responsive to current credit conditions.  As an example, the Company could experience higher credit losses because of federal or state legislation or regulatory action that reduces the principal amount or interest rate under existing loan contracts.  Also, the Company could experience higher credit losses because of federal or state legislation or regulatory action that limits the Bank’s ability to foreclose on property or other collateral or makes foreclosure less economically feasible.

 

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insures deposits at FDIC insured financial institutions up to certain limits.  The FDIC charges insured financial institutions premiums to maintain the Deposit Insurance Fund.  Current economic conditions have increased expectations for bank failures, in which case the FDIC would take control of failed banks and ensure payment of deposits up to insured limits using the resources of the Deposit Insurance Fund.  In such case, the FDIC may increase premium assessments to maintain adequate funding of the Deposit Insurance Fund, including requiring riskier institutions to pay a larger share of the premiums.  An increase in premium assessments would increase

 

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the Company’s expenses.  The EESA included a provision for an increase in the amount of deposits insured by FDIC to $250,000 until December 2009.  On October 14, 2008, the FDIC announced a new program — the Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program that provides unlimited deposit insurance on funds in noninterest-bearing transaction deposit accounts not otherwise covered by the existing deposit insurance limit of $250,000.  All eligible institutions will be covered under the program for the first 30 days without incurring any costs.  After the initial period, participating institutions will be assessed an annualized 10 basis point surcharge on the additional insured deposits.  The behavior of depositors in regard to the level of FDIC insurance could cause the Bank’s existing customers to reduce the amount of deposits held at the Bank, and or could cause new customers to open deposit accounts at the Bank.  The level and composition of the Bank’s deposit portfolio directly impacts the Bank’s funding cost and net interest margin.  As a result of these measures, it is likely that the premiums the Bank pays for FDIC insurance will increase, which would adversely affect net income.  The impact of such measures cannot be assessed at this time.

 

The actions described above, together with additional actions announced by the Treasury and other regulatory agencies continue to develop.  It is not clear at this time what impact EESA, TARP, other liquidity and funding initiatives of the Treasury and other bank regulatory agencies that have been previously announced, and any additional programs that may be initiated in the future will have on the financial markets and the financial services industry.  The extreme levels of volatility and limited credit availability currently being experienced could continue to effect the U.S. banking industry and the broader U.S. and global economies, which will have an affect on all financial institutions, including the Company.

 

Overview

 

During the third quarter of 2008, the turbulence and uncertainty in the U.S. financial markets have adversely impacted credit markets on a global scale.  Liquidity concerns and credit issues have resulted in the U.S. government’s conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as well as the failure and insolvency of several large financial companies.  Although we continued to face unprecedented economic challenges, we maintained our focus on strengthening our balance sheet by stabilizing our problem loans, reducing our credit risk exposures, and improving both our capital and liquidity positions.

 

Our capital position remains strong.  As of September 30, 2008, our total risk-based capital ratio was 13.12% or $318.5 million more than the 10.00% regulatory requirement for well-capitalized banks.  Our Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 11.12% and our Tier 1 leverage ratio of 9.84% as of September 30, 2008 also significantly exceeded regulatory guidelines for well-capitalized banks.

 

Our liquidity position remains strong.  During the third quarter of 2008, we further strengthened our liquidity position by obtaining additional borrowing capacity from the Federal Reserve discount window of almost $900.0 million.  As of September 30, 2008, we had $527.5 million in cash and cash equivalents and approximately $2.29 billion in available borrowing capacity from various sources including the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”), the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) and federal funds facilities with several financial institutions.  Despite volatile and challenging market conditions, we experienced a 4% or $257.4 million deposit growth during the first nine months ended September 30, 2008, with total deposits increasing to $7.54 billion as of September 30, 2008, compared with $7.28 billion as of December 31, 2007.  Our ongoing efforts to deleverage our balance sheet have resulted in a lower loan to deposit ratio of 110% at September 30, 2008, compared to 115% at June 30, 2008 and 122% at December 31, 2007.  We believe that our liquidity position is more than sufficient to meet our operating expenses, borrowing needs and other obligations.

 

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Our nonperforming asset and delinquency trends have stabilized.  Nonperforming assets totaled $200.6 million representing 1.71% of total assets at September 30, 2008.  This compares to $193.1 million or 1.64% of total assets at June 30, 2008 and $67.5 million or 0.57% of total assets at December 31, 2007.  Nonperforming assets as of September 30, 2008 are comprised of nonaccrual loans totaling $177.3 million, other real estate owned (“OREO”) totaling $17.6 million, and loans modified or restructured amounting to $5.7 million.  Included in nonaccrual loans as of September 30, 2008 are seventeen loans totaling $27.3 million which were not 90 days past due as of September 30, 2008, but have been classified as nonaccrual due to concerns surrounding collateral values and future collectibility.  Nonaccrual loans continued to be impacted by the deterioration in the residential construction and land portfolios, which comprised $119.1 million or 67% of total nonaccrual loans.  Our delinquency trends have improved relative to the previous quarter, with notable improvements coming from the 30-59 days and 60-89 days delinquent categories.  Total delinquent loans decreased to $315.7 million as of September 30, 2008 compared to $368.7 million as of June 30, 2008.

 

At September 30, 2008, the allowance for loan losses amounted to $177.2 million or 2.14% of total gross loans, compared to $168.4 million or 1.95% as of June 30, 2008.  We recorded $43.0 million in loan loss provisions during the third quarter of 2008, compared to $85.0 million in the second quarter of 2008 and $55.0 million in the first quarter of 2008.  Total net chargeoffs amounted to $39.7 million during the third quarter of 2008, compared to $34.8 million during the second quarter of 2008.  Approximately 82%, or $32.7 million, of the total net chargeoffs recorded during the third quarter of 2008 were related to land and residential construction loans of which 70% were located in the Inland Empire.

 

Our core operating earnings remain profitable.  In addition to $43.0 million in loan loss provisions, the $31.2 million, or $(0.56) per share, net loss that we recorded during the third quarter of 2008 includes $53.6 million in other than temporary impairment (“OTTI”) charges on investment securities.  A large portion of the non-cash OTTI charges, approximately $47.0 million, was related to preferred stock issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.  The fair values of these preferred stock securities were adversely impacted by the federal government’s conservatorship of these entities in September 2008.  The tax benefit recognized from the impairment of these preferred stock securities was limited during the third quarter of 2008 due to the accounting treatment of these losses as a capital loss.  The passage of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (“EESA”) in October 2008 provided banks with tax relief by treating OTTI losses on Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac preferred securities as ordinary losses.  As a result of this law change, we will be able to recognize an additional $5.7 million or $0.09 per share tax benefit in the fourth quarter of 2008.  The remaining $6.6 million in OTTI charges recorded during the third quarter of 2008 were related to certain pooled trust preferred debt and equity securities.  Excluding loan loss provisions and non-cash OTTI charges on investment securities, our core pretax operating income amounted to $48.0 million, $0.77 per share, during the third quarter of 2008.

 

Net interest income decreased to $86.5 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2008, compared with $103.9 million during the same quarter in 2007.  Our net interest margin decreased 85 basis points to 3.10% during the third quarter of 2008.  This compares with 3.95% during the same period in 2007 and 3.33% during the second quarter 2008.  Relative to the third quarter of 2007 and the second quarter of 2008, our net interest margin during the quarter ended September 30, 2008 was adversely impacted by the sharp decline in interest rates prompted by several recent consecutive Federal Reserve rate cuts, by the reversal of interest from nonaccrual loans, and by the reinvestment of loan payoffs into lower yielding Treasury securities and other short-term investments.  We anticipate net interest margin pressures to continue throughout the remainder of 2008.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Excluding the non-cash OTTI charges on investment securities amounting to $53.6 million, total noninterest income decreased 28% to $10.0 million during the third quarter of 2008, compared with $14.0 million for the corresponding quarter in 2007.  This decrease is attributable primarily to higher net gain on sales of investment securities and higher net gain on disposal of fixed assets in the third quarter of 2007.  These decreases were partially offset by higher branch-related revenues and loan fees earned during the third quarter of 2008.  Core noninterest income, which excludes the impact of non-cash OTTI charges, as well as net gains on sales of investment securities, loans and other assets, remained stable at $9.8 million during the third quarter of 2008, compared to $9.7 million during the same period last year.

 

Total noninterest expense increased 4% to $48.5 million during the third quarter of 2008, compared with $46.7 million for the same period in 2007, and decreased 13% relative to second quarter of 2008 total noninterest expenses of $55.7 million.  The increase in total noninterest expense during the third quarter of 2008, relative to the same quarter in 2007, can be attributed predominantly to higher deposit insurance premiums and regulatory assessments, higher other real estate owned (“OREO”) expenses and higher other credit cycle related expenses.  These increases were partially offset by lower compensation expenses due to lower staffing levels and a reduction in related benefits and incentive program expenses which were fully realized in the third quarter of 2008.  Relative to the second quarter of 2008, total noninterest expense decreased 13% during the third quarter of 2008 primarily due to lower compensation and related employee benefits.  Our efficiency ratio, which represents noninterest expense (excluding amortization and impairment writedowns on intangible assets and amortization of investments in affordable housing partnerships) divided by the aggregate of net interest income before provision for loan losses and noninterest income, was 46.40% during the third quarter of 2008 compared with 48.6% during the second quarter of 2008 and 37.64% for the third quarter in 2007.  We anticipate noninterest expense for the remainder of 2008 to trend favorably as our expense management efforts continue.

 

Total consolidated assets at September 30, 2008 slightly decreased to $11.72 billion, compared with $11.85 billion at December 31, 2007.  The net decrease in total assets is comprised predominantly of decreases in net loans receivable of $639.7 million and securities purchased under resale agreements amounting to $100.0 million.  These decreases were partially offset by increases in cash and cash equivalents of $367.1 million, available-for-sale investment securities totaling $160.1 million, deferred tax assets totaling $109.2 million, and OREO, net amounting to $16.1 million.  Total liabilities decreased 2% to $10.46 billion as of September 30, 2008, compared to $10.68 billion as of December 31, 2007.  The net decrease in liabilities is primarily due to decreases in FHLB advances of $270.1 million and federal funds purchased of $191.8 million, partially offset by an increase in total deposits of $257.4 million.

 

Total average assets increased 5% to $11.71 billion during the third quarter of 2008, compared to $11.20 billion for the same quarter in 2007, due primarily to growth in average available-for-sale securities.  Total average investment securities increased 23% to $2.13 billion during the quarter ended September 30, 2008 primarily due to $112.9 million in multifamily loan securitizations since the third quarter of 2007.  Total average deposits rose 2% during the third quarter of 2008 to $7.47 billion, compared to $7.35 billion for the same quarter in 2007, with increases coming from time deposits, noninterest bearing demand deposits, and savings accounts.

 

As of September 30, 2008, we updated our goodwill impairment analysis to determine whether and to what extent our goodwill asset was impaired.  As a result of this updated analysis, we recorded a $272 thousand goodwill impairment charge, which represents the remaining goodwill balance related to East West Insurance Services, Inc.  This impairment writedown had no effect on our cash balances, liquidity or regulatory capital ratios.

 

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Results of Operations

 

We reported a net loss for the third quarter of 2008 of ($31.2) million, or ($0.56) per basic and diluted share, compared with net income of $41.3 million, representing $0.68 per basic and $0.67 per diluted share, reported during the third quarter of 2007.  During the third quarter of 2008, our operating results were significantly impacted by $53.6 million in non-cash OTTI charges related predominantly to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac preferred stock and $43.0 million in provision for loan losses recorded during the period.  In comparison, we recorded only $405 thousand in OTTI charges and $3.0 million in loan loss provisions during the same period in 2007.  Our annualized return on average total assets decreased to (1.07%) for the quarter ended September 30, 2008, compared to 1.48% for the same period in 2007.  The annualized return on average stockholders’ equity decreased to (10.06%) for the third quarter of 2008, compared with 15.19% for the third quarter of 2007.

 

We incurred a net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 of ($52.0) million, or $(0.90) per basic and diluted share, compared with net income of $123.9 million, or $2.04 per basic and $2.01 per diluted share, reported during the corresponding period in 2007.  The net loss reported during the first nine months of 2008 was primarily due to the $63.5 million in total OTTI charges and $183.0 million in loan loss provisions recorded during the first nine months of 2008.  In comparison, we recorded $405 thousand in OTTI charges and $3.0 million in loan loss provisions during the first nine months in 2007.  Our annualized return on average total assets decreased to (0.59%) for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared to 1.52% for the same period in 2007.  The annualized return on average stockholders’ equity decreased to (5.75%) for the first nine months of 2008, compared with 15.71% for the same period in 2007.

 

Components of Net (Loss) Income

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

September 30,

 

September 30,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

2008

 

2007

 

 

 

(In millions)

 

(In millions)

 

Net interest income

 

$

86.5

 

$

103.9

 

$

278.3

 

$

301.4

 

Provision for loan losses

 

(43.0

)

(3.0

)

(183.0

)

(3.0

)

Noninterest (loss) income

 

(43.6

)

13.6

 

(24.2

)

35.5

 

Noninterest expense

 

(48.5

)

(46.7

)

(157.1

)

(131.0

)

Benefit (provision) for income taxes

 

17.4

 

(26.5

)

34.0

 

(79.0

)

Net (loss) income

 

$

(31.2

)

$

41.3

 

$

(52.0

)

$

123.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Annualized return on average total assets

 

-1.07

%

1.48

%

-0.59

%

1.52

%

Annualized return on average stockholders’ equity

 

-10.06

%

15.19

%

-5.75

%

15.71

%

 

Net Interest Income

 

Our primary source of revenue is net interest income, which is the difference between interest income on earning assets and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities.  Net interest income for the third quarter of 2008 totaled $86.5 million, a 17% decrease over net interest income of $103.9 million recorded for the same period in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, net interest income decreased 8% to $278.3 million, compared to $301.4 million for the same period in 2007.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Net interest margin, defined as taxable equivalent net interest income divided by average earning assets, decreased 85 basis points to 3.10% during the third quarter of 2008, compared with 3.95% during the third quarter of 2007.  Similarly, the net interest margin for the first nine months of 2008 decreased 61 basis points to 3.35%, compared with 3.96% during the same period in 2007.  The decline in the net interest margin for both periods reflects the steep decrease in the federal funds target rate, a notable increase in the overall level of nonaccrual loans, and the reinvestment of net loan payoffs into lower yielding investment securities and short-term investments.

 

The following table presents the net interest spread, net interest margin, average balances, interest income and expense, and the average yields and rates by asset and liability component for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007:

 

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Table of Contents

 

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Average

 

 

 

 

 

Average

 

 

 

Average

 

 

 

Yield/

 

Average

 

 

 

Yield/

 

 

 

Volume

 

Interest

 

Rate (1)

 

Volume

 

Interest

 

Rate (1)

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

ASSETS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest-earning assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Short-term investments (2)

 

$

340,723

 

$

1,957

 

2.28

%

$

27,154

 

$

347

 

5.07

%

Securities purchased under resale agreements (term)

 

50,000

 

1,277

 

10.13

%

188,043

 

4,013

 

8.47

%

Investment securities available-for-sale (3) (4)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Taxable

 

2,077,097

 

22,685

 

4.33

%

1,698,017

 

25,759

 

6.02

%

Tax-exempt (5)

 

49,797

 

630

 

5.06

%

33,419

 

657

 

7.86

%

Loans receivable (3) (6)

 

8,451,517

 

131,682

 

6.18

%

8,433,268

 

167,066

 

7.86

%

FHLB and FRB stock

 

114,281

 

1,803

 

6.26

%

81,671

 

1,107

 

5.38

%

Total interest-earning assets

 

11,083,415

 

160,034

 

5.73

%

10,461,572

 

198,949

 

7.54

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noninterest-earning assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and due from banks

 

136,018

 

 

 

 

 

155,699

 

 

 

 

 

Allowance for loan losses

 

(171,025

)

 

 

 

 

(80,321

)

 

 

 

 

Other assets

 

660,736

 

 

 

 

 

660,279

 

 

 

 

 

Total assets

 

$

11,709,144

 

 

 

 

 

$

11,197,229

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest-bearing liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Checking accounts

 

$

399,866

 

$

659

 

0.65

%

$

404,418

 

$

1,615

 

1.58

%

Money market accounts

 

1,046,721

 

5,664

 

2.15

%

1,287,573

 

13,322

 

4.10

%

Savings deposits

 

449,687

 

929

 

0.82

%

424,039

 

1,198

 

1.12

%

Time deposits less than $100,000

 

1,151,876

 

7,932

 

2.73

%

931,961

 

9,688

 

4.12

%

Time deposits $100,000 or greater

 

3,045,325

 

25,573

 

3.33

%

2,961,353

 

36,235

 

4.85

%

Federal funds purchased

 

87,606

 

430

 

1.95

%

172,064

 

2,317

 

5.34

%

FHLB Advances

 

1,541,799

 

17,140

 

4.41

%

1,257,199

 

16,175

 

5.10

%

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

 

1,000,273

 

12,063

 

4.78

%

962,458

 

10,263

 

4.23

%

Long-term debt

 

235,570

 

2,957

 

4.98

%

220,106

 

4,101

 

7.39

%

Total interest-bearing liabilities

 

8,958,723

 

73,347

 

3.25

%

8,621,171

 

94,914

 

4.37

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noninterest-bearing liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Demand deposits

 

1,375,103

 

 

 

 

 

1,337,218

 

 

 

 

 

Other liabilities

 

134,809

 

 

 

 

 

150,048

 

 

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity

 

1,240,509

 

 

 

 

 

1,088,792

 

 

 

 

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

 

$

11,709,144

 

 

 

 

 

$

11,197,229

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate spread

 

 

 

 

 

2.48

%

 

 

 

 

3.17

%

Net interest income and net margin (6)

 

 

 

$

86,687

 

3.10

%

 

 

$

104,035

 

3.95

%

 


(1) Annualized.

(2) Includes short-term securities purchased under resale agreements.

(3) Includes amortization of premium and accretion of discounts on investment securities and loans receivable totaling $(3.3) million and $(1.1) million  for the three months ended September 30, 2008, and 2007, respectively.  Also includes the amortization of deferred loan fees totaling $284 thousand and $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

(4) Average balances exclude unrealized gains or losses on available for sales securities.

(5) Amounts calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the current statutory federal tax rate.  Total interest income and average yield rate on an unadjusted basis for tax-exempt investment securities available-for-sale is $458 thousand and 3.68% for three months ended September 30, 2008,  respectively.  Total interest income and average yield rate on an unadjusted basis for tax-exempt investment securities available-for-sale is $476 thousand and 5.71% for the three months ended September 30, 2007, respectively.

(6) Average balances include nonperforming loans.

 

The following table presents the net interest spread, net interest margin, average balances, interest income and expense and the average yields and rates by asset and liability component for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007:

 

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Table of Contents

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Average

 

 

 

 

 

Average

 

 

 

Average

 

 

 

Yield/

 

Average

 

 

 

Yield/

 

 

 

Volume

 

Interest

 

Rate (1)

 

Volume

 

Interest

 

Rate (1)

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

ASSETS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest-earning assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Short-term investments (2)

 

$

204,323

 

$

3,546

 

2.31

%

$

14,756

 

$

564

 

5.11

%

Securities purchased under resale agreements (term)

 

54,745

 

5,094

 

12.40

%

192,857

 

11,742

 

8.14

%

Investment securities available-for-sale (3) (4)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Taxable

 

1,927,526

 

73,558

 

5.08

%

1,649,094

 

71,476

 

5.79

%

Tax-exempt (5)

 

58,598

 

3,256

 

7.41

%

23,241

 

1,417

 

8.13

%

Loans receivable (3) (6)

 

8,725,596

 

425,113

 

6.49

%

8,236,948

 

484,073

 

7.86

%

FHLB and FRB stock

 

115,839

 

5,275

 

6.07

%

81,012

 

3,275

 

5.40

%

Total interest-earning assets

 

11,086,627

 

515,842

 

6.20

%

10,197,908

 

572,547

 

7.51

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noninterest-earning assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and due from banks

 

136,708

 

 

 

 

 

149,007

 

 

 

 

 

Allowance for loan losses

 

(132,548

)

 

 

 

 

(78,212

)

 

 

 

 

Other assets

 

664,711

 

 

 

 

 

602,521

 

 

 

 

 

Total assets

 

$

11,755,498

 

 

 

 

 

$

10,871,224

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest-bearing liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Checking accounts

 

$

416,636

 

$

2,707

 

0.87

%

$

404,328

 

$

4,954

 

1.64

%

Money market accounts

 

1,081,520

 

20,246

 

2.49

%

1,310,525

 

40,879

 

4.17

%

Savings deposits

 

463,172

 

3,341

 

0.96

%

379,831

 

2,411

 

0.85

%

Time deposits less than $100,000

 

1,018,609

 

24,333

 

3.18

%

965,545

 

28,569

 

3.96

%

Time deposits $100,000 or greater

 

3,073,775

 

85,919

 

3.72

%

2,862,437

 

105,331

 

4.92

%

Federal funds purchased

 

115,370

 

2,176

 

2.51

%

153,422

 

6,164

 

5.37

%

FHLB Advances

 

1,622,429

 

54,363

 

4.46

%

1,144,657

 

43,555

 

5.09

%

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

 

1,000,750

 

33,881

 

4.51

%

970,780

 

27,675

 

3.81

%

Long-term debt

 

235,570

 

9,675

 

5.47

%

203,207

 

11,235

 

7.39

%

Total interest-bearing liabilities

 

9,027,831

 

236,641

 

3.49

%

8,394,732

 

270,773

 

4.31

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noninterest-bearing liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Demand deposits

 

1,379,975

 

 

 

 

 

1,283,699

 

 

 

 

 

Other liabilities

 

141,275

 

 

 

 

 

141,377

 

 

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity

 

1,206,417

 

 

 

 

 

1,051,416

 

 

 

 

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

 

$

11,755,498

 

 

 

 

 

$

10,871,224

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate spread

 

 

 

 

 

2.71

%

 

 

 

 

3.20

%

Net interest income and net margin (6)

 

 

 

$

279,201

 

3.35

%

 

 

$

301,774

 

3.96

%

 


(1) Annualized.

(2) Includes short-term securities purchased under resale agreements.

(3) Includes amortization of premium and accretion of discounts on investment securities and loans receivable totaling $(5.4) million and $(2.2) million  for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, and 2007, respectively.  Also includes the amortization of deferred loan fees totaling $2.1 million and $4.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

(4) Average balances exclude unrealized gains or losses on available for sales securities.

(5) Amounts calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the current statutory federal tax rate.  Total interest income and average yield rate on an unadjusted basis for tax-exempt investment securities available-for-sale is $2.4 million and 5.38% for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively.  Total interest income and average yield rate on an unadjusted basis for tax-exempt investment securities available-for-sale is $1.0 million and 5.90% for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, respectively.

(6) Average balances include nonperforming loans.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Income

 

Changes in net interest income are a function of changes in rates and volumes of both interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.  The following table sets forth information regarding changes in interest income and interest expense for the periods indicated.  The total change for each category of interest-earning asset and interest-bearing liability is segmented into the change attributable to variations in volume (changes in volume multiplied by old rate) and the change attributable to variations in interest rates (changes in rates multiplied by old volume).  Nonaccrual loans are included in average loans used to compute this table.

 

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2008 vs. 2007

 

2008 vs. 2007

 

 

 

Total

 

Changes Due to

 

Total

 

Changes Due to

 

 

 

Change

 

Volume (1)

 

Rates (1)

 

Change

 

Volume (1)

 

Rates (1)

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

(In thousands)

 

INTEREST-EARNING ASSETS:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Short-term investments

 

$

1,610

 

$

1,901

 

$

(291

)

$

2,982

 

$

3,451

 

$

(469

)

Securities purchased under resale agreements

 

(2,736

)

(3,403

)

667

 

(6,648

)

(10,965

)

4,317

 

Investment securities available-for-sale

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Taxable

 

(3,074

)

5,036

 

(8,110

)

2,082

 

11,223

 

(9,141

)

Tax-exempt (2)

 

(27

)

256

 

(283

)

1,839

 

1,975

 

(136

)

Loans receivable

 

(35,384

)

361

 

(35,745

)

(58,960

)

27,452

 

(86,412

)

FHLB and FRB stock

 

696

 

493

 

203

 

2,000

 

1,545

 

455

 

Total interest and dividend income

 

$

(38,915

)

$

4,644

 

$

(43,559

)

$

(56,705

)

$

34,681

 

$

(91,386

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Checking accounts

 

$

(956

)

$

(18

)

$

(938

)

$

(2,247

)

$

146

 

$

(2,393

)

Money market accounts

 

(7,658

)

(2,157

)

(5,501

)

(20,633

)

(6,275

)

(14,358

)

Savings deposits

 

(269

)

69

 

(338

)

930

 

574

 

356

 

Time deposits less than $100,000

 

(1,756

)

1,969

 

(3,725

)

(4,236

)

1,503

 

(5,739

)

Time deposits $100,000 or greater

 

(10,662

)

1,001

 

(11,663

)

(19,412

)

7,337

 

(26,749

)

Federal funds purchased

 

(1,887

)

(822

)

(1,065

)

(3,988

)

(1,270

)

(2,718

)

FHLB advances

 

965

 

3,351

 

(2,386

)

10,808

 

16,492

 

(5,684

)

Securities sold under resale agreements

 

1,800

 

415

 

1,385

 

6,206

 

877

 

5,329

 

Long-term debt

 

(1,144

)

271

 

(1,415

)

(1,560

)

1,613

 

(3,173

)

Total interest expense

 

(21,567

)

4,079

 

(25,646

)

(34,132

)

20,997

 

(55,129

)

CHANGE IN NET INTEREST INCOME

 

$

(17,348

)

$

565

 

$

(17,913

)

$

(22,573

)

$

13,684

 

$

(36,257

)

 


(1) Change in interest income/expense not arising from volume or rate variances are allocated proportionately to rate and volume.

(2) Amounts calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the current statutory federal tax rate.  Total change on an unadjusted basis for tax-exempt investment securities available-for-sale is $(19) thousand, and total changes due to volume and rates on an unadjusted basis for tax-exempt investment securities available-for-sale is $186 thousand and $(205) thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2008, respectively. Total change on an unadjusted basis for tax-exempt investment securities available-for-sale is $1.3 million, and total changes due to volume and rates on an unadjusted basis for tax-exempt investment securities available-for-sale is $1.4 million and $(99) thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively.

 

Provision for Loan Losses

 

We recorded $43.0 million and $183.0 million in provisions for loan losses during the third quarter and first nine months of 2008, respectively.  In comparison, we recorded $3.0 million in provision for loan losses during the first three quarters of 2007.  The significant increase in loan loss provisions recorded during the first nine months of 2008 reflects our increased chargeoff levels as well as our higher

 

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volume of classified and nonperforming loans caused by challenging conditions in the real estate housing market, turmoil in the financial markets, as well as recessionary pressures in the overall economic environment.  In response to the unprecedented downturn in the real estate and housing markets, the Company performed an extensive evaluation of certain sectors of its credit portfolio during the second and third quarters of 2008 to identify and mitigate potential losses in loan categories that were especially hard hit by current market conditions.  As part of this evaluation process, the Company ordered new appraisals for land, residential construction, and commercial construction loans and also engaged the services of an independent third party to make a current assessment as to the financial strength of the borrowers.  We continued to sustain higher chargeoff activity and increased loan loss provisions for our land and residential construction loans during the third quarter of 2008 that were caused by the continued weakness in the real estate market.  The Company recorded $99.9 million in net chargeoffs during the first nine months of 2008, compared to $1.6 million in net chargeoffs recorded during the first nine months of 2007.   Of the $99.9 million in total net chargeoffs for the first nine months of 2008, 78% or $78.4 million were related to land and residential constructions loans.  We continue to aggressively monitor delinquencies and proactively review the credit risk exposure of our loan portfolio to minimize and mitigate potential losses.  We expect loss provision levels for the fourth quarter of 2008 to taper down as our level of nonperforming loans and overall delinquency trends continue to stabilize relative to the first nine months of the year.

 

Provisions for loan losses are charged to income to bring the allowance for credit losses to a level deemed appropriate by management based on the factors discussed under the “Allowance for Loan Losses” section of this report.

 

Noninterest (Loss) Income

 

Components of Noninterest (Loss) Income

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

September 30,

 

September 30,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

2008

 

2007

 

 

 

(In millions)

 

(In millions)

 

Impairment writedown on investment securities

 

$

(53.57

)

$

(0.41

)

$

(63.51

)

$

(0.41

)

Branch fees

 

4.29

 

3.84

 

12.73

 

10.67

 

Net gain on sale of investment securities available-for-sale

 

 

2.77

 

7.77

 

5.22

 

Letters of credit fees and commissions

 

2.32

 

2.70

 

7.47

 

7.69

 

Ancillary loan fees

 

1.78

 

1.40

 

3.91

 

4.16

 

Income from life insurance policies

 

1.03

 

1.13

 

3.08

 

3.16

 

Net gain on sale of loans

 

0.14

 

0.27

 

2.27

 

1.30

 

Net gain on disposal of fixed assets

 

0.04

 

1.26

 

0.22

 

1.57

 

Other operating income

 

0.42

 

0.63

 

1.86

 

2.18

 

Total

 

$

(43.55

)

$

13.59

 

$

(24.20

)

$

35.54

 

 

Noninterest (loss) income includes revenues earned from sources other than interest income.  These sources include: net gain on sale of loans, investment securities available-for-sale, and other assets, service charges and fees on deposit accounts, fees and commissions generated from trade finance activities and the issuance of letters of credit, ancillary fees on loans, income from life insurance policies, impairment writedowns on investment securities, and other noninterest-related revenues.

 

Noninterest (loss) income decreased 421% to ($43.6) million during the three months ended September 30, 2008 from $13.6 million for the same quarter in 2007.  Excluding the non-cash OTTI charges on investment securities amounting to $53.6 million, total noninterest income decreased 28% to

 

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$10.0 million during the third quarter of 2008, compared with $14.0 million for the corresponding quarter in 2007.  The decrease in noninterest income for the quarter ended September 30, 2008, as compared to the same period in 2007, is primarily attributable to higher net gain on sales of investment securities and higher net gain on disposal of fixed assets recorded during the third quarter of 2007, partially offset by higher branch fees and ancillary loan fees earned during the third quarter of 2008.  There were no gains on sale of investment securities recorded during the third quarter of 2008.  Furthermore, we recorded only $44 thousand in net gain on disposals on fixed assets during the third quarter of 2008, compared to $1.3 million recorded during the third quarter of 2007.

 

For the first nine months of 2008, noninterest income decreased 168% to ($24.2) million from $35.5 million for the corresponding period in 2007.  Excluding non-cash OTTI charges on investment securities totaling $63.5 million for the first nine months of 2008, total noninterest income increased 9% to $39.3 million, compared to $35.9 million for the first nine months of 2007.  The increase in noninterest income during the nine months ended 2008, excluding OTTI charges, is primarily attributable to higher net gain on sales of available-for-sale securities, higher branch-related fee income, and higher net gain on sales of loans, partially offset by lower net gain on disposal of fixed assets.

 

During the third quarter of 2008, we recorded $53.6 million in OTTI writedowns on our available-for-sale securities portfolio.  Of this amount, $47.0 million was related to certain Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac preferred securities, and $6.6 million was related to certain pooled trust preferred debt and equity securities.  In comparison, we recorded a $405 thousand impairment charge on a pooled trust preferred equity security during the third quarter and first nine months of 2007.  Also see Note 5 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements presented elsewhere in this report.

 

Branch fees, which represent revenues derived from branch operations, increased 12% to $4.3 million in the third quarter of 2008 from $3.8 million for the same quarter in 2007.  Similarly, branch fee income for the first nine months of 2008 increased 19% to $12.7 million, compared to $10.7 million in the same prior year period.  The increase in branch-related fees for both periods in 2008 can be attributed primarily to higher revenues from service and transaction charges on deposit accounts.

 

During the third quarter of 2008, net gain on sales of loans decreased 47% to $144 thousand, compared to $272 thousand during the same quarter in 2007.  During the first nine months of 2008, net gain on sale of loans increased 75% to $2.3 million, compared to $1.3 million during the same period in 2007.  The increase in net gain on sales of loans for the first nine months of 2008 is primarily due to bulk sales of commercial real estate loans to various third parties transacted during the first and second quarters of 2008.  Prior to 2008, we did not sell commercial real estate loans in bulk sale transactions.

 

Ancillary loan fees consist of revenues earned from the servicing of mortgages, fees related to the monitoring and disbursement of construction loan proceeds, and other miscellaneous loan income.  Ancillary loan fees increased 28% to $1.8 million during the third quarter of 2008, compared to $1.4 million recorded during the same period in 2007.  The increase in ancillary loan fees is primarily due to a rise in servicing income related to our loan securitizations in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, ancillary loan fees decreased 6% to $3.9 million, compared to $4.2 million for the first nine months of 2007.  The decrease in ancillary loan fees for first nine months in 2008 is primarily due to $800 thousand in impairment writedowns on mortgage servicing assets recorded during the second quarter of 2008.  The decrease in MSA values during 2008 resulted from the recent decline in interest rates, lower escrow credit rate assumptions, as well as increased borrower refinancing and prepayment speed assumptions on mortgage loans.

 

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Other noninterest income, which includes insurance commissions and insurance-related service fees, rental income, and other miscellaneous income, decreased 33% to $413 thousand during the third quarter of 2008, from $621 thousand recorded during the same quarter of 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, other noninterest income decreased 14% to $1.9 million, compared to $2.2 million for the first nine months of 2007.  The decrease in other noninterest income for both periods is primarily due to lower insurance commissions and insurance-related revenues earned in 2008 relative to 2007.

 

Noninterest Expense

 

Components of Noninterest Expense

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

September 30,

 

September 30,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

2008

 

2007

 

 

 

(In millions)

 

(In millions)

 

Compensation and employee benefits

 

$

17.52

 

$

22.08

 

$

66.58

 

$

63.51

 

Occupancy and equipment expense

 

6.82

 

6.66

 

20.36

 

18.58

 

Amortization and impairment writedowns of premiums on deposits acquired

 

1.58

 

1.77

 

6.15

 

4.82

 

Loan related expense

 

2.36

 

0.71

 

5.97

 

1.94

 

Amortization of investments in affordable housing partnerships

 

1.89

 

1.02

 

5.52

 

3.52

 

Deposit insurance premiums and regulatory assessments

 

1.68

 

0.35

 

5.19

 

1.02

 

Legal expense

 

0.86

 

0.65

 

3.89

 

1.26

 

Consulting expense

 

1.25

 

0.99

 

3.79

 

2.34

 

Other real estate owned expense (income)

 

2.12

 

 

3.52

 

(1.25

)

Deposit-related expenses

 

1.23

 

1.69

 

3.42

 

5.24

 

Data processing

 

1.06

 

1.35

 

3.39

 

3.40

 

Impairment writedown on goodwill

 

0.27

 

 

0.86

 

 

Other operating expenses

 

9.89

 

9.47

 

28.43

 

26.60

 

Total

 

$

48.53

 

$

46.74

 

$

157.07

 

$

130.98

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Efficiency Ratio (1)

 

46

%

37

%

46

%

36

%

 


(1)  Represents noninterest expense (exluding the amortization of intangibles, amortization and impairment writedowns of premiums on deposits acquired, impairment writedown on goodwill, and amortization of investments in affordable housing partnerships) divided by the aggregate of net interest income before provision for loan losses and noninterest income.

 

Noninterest expense, which is comprised primarily of compensation and employee benefits, occupancy and other operating expenses increased 4% to $48.5 million during the third quarter of 2008, from $46.7 million for the same quarter in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, noninterest expense increased 20% to $157.1 million, compared with $131.0 million during the same period in 2007.

 

Compensation and employee benefits decreased 21% to $17.5 million during the third quarter of 2008, compared to $22.1 million for the same quarter in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, compensation and employee benefits increased 5% to $66.6 million, compared with $63.5 million for the first nine months of 2007.  The decrease in compensation and employee benefit expenses during the third quarter of 2008 is due to the impact of initiatives undertaken by the Company throughout the year to monitor overall staffing levels and reduce related incentive program expenses.  Year to date, higher compensation expense for the first nine months of 2008 relative to the same period in 2007 can be partly attributed to the acquisition of Desert Community Bank in August 2007.

 

Occupancy and equipment expenses slightly increased to $6.8 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2008, compared with $6.7 million during the same period in 2007.  For the first nine

 

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months of 2008, occupancy and equipment expenses totaled $20.4 million, a 10% increase from $18.6 million incurred during the first nine months of 2007.  The increase in occupancy and equipment expenses during both periods in 2008 can be attributed primarily to the nine branch locations acquired from DCB in August 2007.

 

Amortization expense and impairment writedowns of premiums on deposits acquired decreased 11% to $1.6 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2008, compared with $1.8 million during the same period in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, amortization expense and impairment writedowns of premiums on deposits totaled $6.1 million, compared with $4.8 million incurred during the same period in 2007.  The 27% increase in amortization expense for the first nine months ended 2008 is primarily due to additional deposit premiums of $14.9 million recorded in connection with the acquisition of DCB in August 2007.   During the second quarter of 2008, we also recorded an $855 thousand impairment writedown on deposit premiums related to the DCB acquisition due to higher than anticipated runoffs in certain deposit categories.

 

Loan related expenses increased to $2.4 million, compared to $708 thousand during the same period in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, loan related expenses increased to $6.0 million, compared to $1.9 million for the same period in 2007.  The increase in loan related expenses is primarily due to new appraisals ordered during the second and third quarters of 2008 to obtain current valuations of collateral securing our land, residential construction, and commercial construction loan portfolios.  This was part of our comprehensive loan portfolio review process to quantify our credit exposure to sectors of the loan portfolio that have been especially hard hit by the downturn in the real estate market.  Additionally, loan related expenses were also impacted by higher FNMA guarantee fees during 2008, relative to the previous year, as a result of our loan securitization activities during 2007.

 

Amortization of investments in affordable housing partnerships increased to $1.9 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2008, compared with $1.0 million during the same period in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, amortization of investments in affordable housing partnerships increased to $5.5 million compared to $3.5 million for the first nine months of 2007.  The increase in amortization expense is partly due to additional purchases of investments in affordable housing partnerships since the third quarter of 2007.

 

Deposit insurance premiums and regulatory assessments increased to $1.7 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2008, compared with $350 thousand during the same period in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, deposit insurance premiums and regulatory assessments increased to $5.2 million, compared to $1.0 million for the same period in 2007.  Pursuant to the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005, the Bank was eligible to share in a one-time assessment credit pool of approximately $4.7 billion.  The Bank’s pro rata share of this one-time assessment credit was approximately $3.4 million, of which $2.8 million was applied to reduce deposit insurance assessments in 2007.  The remaining credit of $628 thousand was fully utilized during the first quarter of 2008.  In addition, the enactment of the EESA in October 2008 will temporarily raise the basic limit of the federal deposit insurance coverage (“FDIC”) from $100,000 to $250,000 per depositor and to fully insure all non-interest bearing deposit accounts until December 31, 2009.  As a result, we anticipate deposit insurance premiums to increase during the remainder of 2008 and in future periods.

 

Legal expenses increased 31% to $855 thousand during the third quarter of 2008, compared to $653 thousand for the same period in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, legal expenses increased more than twofold to $3.9 million, compared to $1.3 million during the same period in 2007.  The increase in legal expenses is primarily due to attorney fees and other legal costs incurred in defending one claim which resulted in a favorable outcome for the Bank in April 2008.

 

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Consulting expenses increased 26% to $1.3 million during the third quarter of 2008, compared to $992 thousand during the same period in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, consulting expenses increased 62% to $3.8 million, compared to $2.3 million for the same period in 2007.  The increase in consulting expenses is due to fees paid to a third party service provider during the second and third quarters of 2008 to make an assessment of the financial strength of borrowers as part of our extensive loan review efforts to quantify our credit exposure in certain loan segments.

 

We recorded OREO expenses, net of OREO revenues and gains, totaling $2.1 million during the third quarter of 2008.  In comparison, we recorded no OREO expenses during the same period in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, net OREO expenses increased to $3.5 million, compared with $1.2 million in net OREO income during the first nine months of 2007 representing the net gain on sale of one OREO property sold during the first quarter of 2007.  The $3.5 million in total OREO expenses incurred during the first nine months of 2008 is comprised of $3.2 million in various operating and maintenance expenses related to our higher volume of OREO properties and $302 thousand in net losses from the sale of eleven OREO properties consummated in 2008.  As of September 30, 2008, total net OREO amounted to $17.6 million, compared to only $1.5 million as of December 31, 2007.

 

Deposit-related expenses decreased 27% to $1.2 million during the third quarter of 2008, compared to $1.7 million for the same quarter last year.  For the first nine months of 2008, deposit-related expenses decreased 35% to $3.4 million from $5.2 million for the first nine months of 2007.  Deposit-related expenses represent various business expenses paid by the Bank on behalf of its commercial account customers.  The decrease in deposit-related expenses can be correlated to the decline in the volume of title and escrow deposit balances during 2008 relative to the previous year.  This segment of our deposit base has been adversely impacted by the overall slowing in the housing market both in production and sale.

 

As a result of the Company’s goodwill impairment analysis, we recorded an additional goodwill impairment of $272 thousand and wrote off the remaining goodwill balance related to the Company’s insurance agency reporting unit, East West Insurance Services, Inc., during the third quarter of 2008.  Total goodwill impairment charges recorded for this reporting unit amounted to $858 thousand during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.  No goodwill impairment writedowns were recorded during 2007.  Also see Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements presented elsewhere in this report.

 

Other operating expenses include advertising and public relations, telephone and postage, stationery and supplies, bank and item processing charges, insurance, and other professional fees.  Other operating expenses increased 4% to $9.9 million for the third quarter of 2008, compared to the $9.5 million recorded during the same period in 2007.  Similarly, other operating expenses increased 7% to $28.4 million for the first nine months of 2008, from $26.6 million for the same period in 2007.  The increase in operating expenses for both periods in 2008 is primarily due to the acquisition of DCB in August 2007.

 

Our efficiency ratio increased to 46.40% for the quarter ended September 30, 2008, compared with 37.30% for the corresponding quarter in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, the efficiency ratio was 45.51% compared with 36.35% for the same period in 2007.  Although our overall efficiency ratios have increased in 2008 relative to 2007, our efficiency ratio during the third quarter of 2008 decreased relative to our efficiency ratio of 48.62% during the second quarter of 2008 due to our expense management efforts.  We anticipate noninterest expenses to trend positively during the remainder of 2008 as we continue to vigilantly monitor all expenditures.

 

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Income Taxes

 

The income tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2008 amounted to $17.4 million representing an effective tax rate of 35.7% for the period.  In comparison, the provision for income taxes of $26.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 represented an effective tax rate of 38.9% for the quarter.  The income tax benefit for the third quarter of 2008 reflects the utilization of affordable housing tax credits totaling $2.0 million, compared to $1.3 million in tax credits utilized during the third quarter of 2007.  The passage of the EESA in October 2008 provided banks with tax relief by treating OTTI losses on Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac preferred stock as ordinary losses, instead of capital losses.  As a result of this law change, the Company anticipates an additional $5.7 million in tax benefit related to these OTTI charges to be recognized during the fourth quarter of 2008.

 

For the first nine months of 2008, the income tax benefit totaled $33.9 million representing an effective tax rate of 39.4%.  This compares to $79.0 million income tax expense, representing a 38.9% effective tax rate, recorded for the first nine months of 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, the income tax benefit reflects the utilization of $5.3 million in tax credits, compared to $3.8 million in tax credits utilized during the same period in 2007.  The $858 thousand goodwill impairment charge recorded during the first nine months of 2008 is not deductible for tax purposes.  Due to the high degree of variability of the estimated annual effective tax rate when considering the range of projected income for the remainder of the year, the Company has determined that the actual year-to-date effective tax rate is the best estimate of the annual effective tax rate.

 

Pursuant to the adoption of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007, the Company increased its existing unrecognized tax benefits by $7.1 million by recognizing a one-time cumulative effect adjustment to retaining earnings on January 1, 2007.  During the second quarter of 2008, the Company determined that the remaining $4.6 million, net of tax benefit, would not “more likely than not” be sustained upon examination by tax authorities.  As a result, this charge was recorded against the provision for income taxes during the second quarter of 2008.  As of September 30, 2008, the Company does not have any tax positions which dropped below a “more likely than not” threshold.

 

Operating Segment Results

 

We have identified four principal operating segments for purposes of management reporting: retail banking, commercial lending, treasury, and residential lending.  Although all four operating segments offer financial products and services, they are managed separately based on each segment’s strategic focus.  While the retail banking segment focuses primarily on retail operations through the Bank’s branch network, certain designated branches have responsibility for generating commercial deposits and loans.  The commercial lending segment, which includes commercial real estate, primarily generates commercial loans and deposits through the efforts of commercial lending officers located in the Bank’s northern and southern California production offices.  The treasury department’s primary focus is managing the Bank’s investments, liquidity, and interest rate risk; the residential lending segment is mainly responsible for the Bank’s portfolio of single family and multifamily residential loans.  The remaining centralized functions and eliminations of inter-segment amounts have been aggregated and included in “Other.”

 

Future changes in our management structure or reporting methodologies may result in changes in the measurement of operating segment results.  Results for prior periods are generally restated for comparability for changes in management structure or reporting methodologies.  During the second quarter of 2008, we revised the allocation of certain investment securities resulting from our

 

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securitization activities.  We securitized a total of $1.18 billion in single family and multifamily loans during 2007.  Due to a significant increase in our loan securitization activities during 2007, we determined that it was more appropriate to reallocate investment securities, and their related income components, resulting from our securitization activities to the operating segments that originated the underlying loans to derive a more equitable allocation of profitability amongst the various operating segments.  Initially, these securities were allocated to the treasury segment upon securitization.  As a result of our new profitability allocation structure, investment securities resulting from our securitization activities are being allocated to the operating segments (i.e., retail banking, commercial lending, and residential lending) that initially originated the underlying loans.  As a result of these changes implemented during the second quarter of 2008, we have revised the results for the comparable periods in 2007 to reflect our current allocation methodology between the treasury segment and the other operating segments.

 

For more information about our segments, including information about the underlying accounting and reporting process, please see Note 11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements presented elsewhere in this report.

 

Retail Banking

 

The retail banking segment reported an $8.3 million pretax loss, or a 121% decrease, for the three months ended September 30, 2008, as compared to a $39.7 million pretax income for the same quarter in 2007.  The decrease in pretax income for this segment during the third quarter of 2008 is comprised of a 35% decrease in net interest income to $40.0 million, a $14.3 million increase in loan loss provisions, a 3% or $716 thousand increase in noninterest expense to $22.9 million, and an $8.4 million increase in corporate overhead expense allocations.

 

For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the pretax loss for the retail banking segment amounted to $12.7 million, representing a 111% decrease, as compared to the $119.6 million pretax income recorded for the same period in 2007.  The decrease in pretax income for this segment during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 is comprised of a 24% or $42.7 million decrease in net interest income to $132.4 million, a $57.3 million increase in loan loss provisions, a 14% or $8.7 million increase in noninterest expense to $72.8 million, and a $21.9 million increase in corporate overhead expense allocations.

 

The decrease in net interest income during the third quarter and first nine months of 2008 is attributable largely to the 275 basis point decrease in interest rates since September 2007 partially offset by additional income on investment securities that have been reallocated to this segment from the treasury segment.  As previously mentioned, the investment securities that were reallocated to the retail banking segment represent loans originated by this segment that have been securitized as part of the Company’s securitization activities.  The increase in loan loss provisions for this segment during the third quarter and first nine months of 2008, relative to the same periods in 2007, was due to increased chargeoff activity, as well as higher levels of nonperforming and classified assets resulting from the downturn in the real estate housing market.  Loan loss provisions are also impacted by average loan balances for each reporting segment.  Corporate overhead expense allocations are based on several factors including, but not limited to loan and deposit volume and full-time employee equivalents.  The increase in corporate overhead expense allocations for this segment is attributable to the acquisition of DCB in August 2007 which resulted in a rise in loan and deposit volume and total number of employees for this segment.

 

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Noninterest income for this segment decreased 35%, to $5.0 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2008, from $7.7 million recorded during the same period in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, noninterest income for the retail banking segment decreased 7%, to $18.3 million, compared to $19.6 million for the same period in 2007.  The decrease in noninterest income for both periods in 2008 is primarily due to lower loan fee income resulting from a notable decrease in our consumer loan origination activities, partially offset by an increase in branch-related fees, specifically service and transaction charges on deposit accounts, as a result of the DCB acquisition in August 2007.

 

Noninterest expense for this segment increased 3% to $22.9 million during the third quarter of 2008, compared with $22.2 million recorded during the third quarter of 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, noninterest expense increased 14% to $72.8 million, from $64.1 million for the same period in 2007.  The increase in noninterest expense is primarily due to higher compensation and employee benefits, occupancy expenses, and FDIC insurance premiums, partially offset by a decrease in commercial deposit-related expenses.  The increase in compensation and employee benefits can be attributed to higher staffing levels due to the acquisition of DCB in August 2007.  Higher occupancy expenses are primarily due to increased expenses associated with the nine additional branch locations from DCB.  The increase in FDIC insurance premiums is due to the full utilization of the one-time FDIC assessment credit of $3.4 million, $2.8 million of which was applied to reduce deposit insurance assessments in 2007 and the remaining $628 thousand was applied in the first quarter of 2008.  The decrease in commercial deposit-related expenses can be correlated to lower title and escrow deposit balances during 2008 relative to 2007.  Title and escrow deposits have been negatively impacted by the sustained contraction in the housing market.

 

Commercial Lending

 

The commercial lending segment reported a pretax income of $9.6 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2008, or a 63% decrease, compared with pretax income of $25.8 million for the same period in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, the pretax loss for the commercial lending segment amounted to $12.0 million, or a 116% decrease from pretax income of $77.1 million recorded during the same period in 2007.  The primary driver of the decrease in pretax income for this segment for both periods is a significant increase in loan loss provisions resulting from increased chargeoff activity as well as higher levels of nonperforming and classified assets and an increase in corporate allocations, partially offset by the increase in net interest income.

 

Net interest income for this segment increased 34% to $44.4 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2008, compared to $33.2 million for the same period in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, net interest income for this segment increased 47% to $133.0 million, from $90.7 million for the corresponding period in 2007.  The increase in net interest income is primarily due to a significant decrease in the charge for funds applied to the loan portfolio as a result of the declining interest rate environment.  Although interest income on loans also decreased in response to declining interest rates, the interest rate floors on variable loans helped to support the interest income on these loans.

 

Noninterest income for this segment decreased 32% to $5.0 million during the third quarter of 2008, compared with $7.4 million recorded in the same quarter of 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, noninterest income decreased 21% to $18.1 million, from $22.9 million for the same period in 2007.  The decrease in noninterest income is primarily due to a decrease in loan fee income resulting from the downturn in the real estate market.

 

Noninterest expense for this segment remained stable at $10.6 million during the third quarter of 2008 and 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, noninterest expense for this segment increased 18%,

 

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to $35.2 million, from $29.8 million for the same period in 2007.  The increase in noninterest expense is due to higher credit related cycle expenses associated with OREO/foreclosure transactions and legal expenses.

 

Treasury

 

The treasury segment reported a pretax loss of $63.5 million during the third quarter of 2008, compared to pretax income of $2.2 million for the same quarter in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, the pretax loss for the treasury segment was $83.9 million, representing a 679% decrease from pretax income of $14.5 million recorded during the same period in 2007.  The primary driver of the decrease in pretax income for this segment for both periods in 2008 are OTTI charges recorded on government-sponsored entities preferred stock and pooled trust preferred debt and equity securities.  OTTI charges are recorded as a component of noninterest income.

 

The treasury segment reported a net interest expense of $7.4 million for the third quarter of 2008, compared to a net interest income of $2.9 million reported during the same quarter in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, net interest expense for this segment was $15.0 million, compared to net interest income of $15.2 million during the same period in 2007.  Net interest income for this segment is directly correlated to net interest earned on investment securities allocated to this reporting segment relative to the interest expense paid on brokered deposits, borrowings and long-term debt.

 

Noninterest income decreased to ($53.7) million during the three months ended September 30, 2008 from $(433) thousand for the same quarter in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, noninterest income decreased to ($62.9) million as compared to ($382) thousand for the same period in 2007.  The decrease in noninterest income is primarily due to the $63.5 million in year to date OTTI impairment charges which are comprised of the following: $55.3 million on Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac preferred securities, $5.6 million on pooled trust preferred debt securities, and $2.6 million on pooled trust preferred equity securities.

 

Noninterest expense for this segment increased 84% to $605 thousand during the third quarter of 2008, from $329 thousand during the same quarter in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, noninterest expense for this segment increased 50% to $1.7 million, from $1.1 million during the same period in 2007.  The increase in noninterest expense for both periods is primarily due to higher compensation due to additional personnel, higher FDIC insurance premiums on brokered and institutional deposits, and higher FHLB letter of credit expenses in conjunction with our loan securitization activities.

 

Residential Lending

 

The residential lending segment’s pretax income decreased 97% to $165 thousand during the third quarter of 2008, from $5.6 million during the same quarter in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, pretax income for this segment decreased 19% to $12.9 million, from $15.9 million for the same period in 2007.  Net interest income for this segment increased 65% to $9.2 million during the third quarter of 2008, compared with $5.6 million for the corresponding quarter in 2007.  During the first nine months of 2008, net interest income for this segment increased 54% to $25.7 million, compared with $16.7 million during the first nine months of 2007.  The increase in net interest income for this segment was primarily due to the decrease in the charge for funds on loans allocated to this segment resulting from the 275 basis point decrease in interest rates since September 2007, partly offset by the contraction of the housing market.

 

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Noninterest income for this segment decreased 38% to $2.4 million during the third quarter of 2008, compared to $3.9 million recorded during the third quarter of 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, noninterest income for this segment increased 23% to $11.5 million, compared to $9.4 million during the first nine months of 2007.  The net increase in noninterest income during 2008 year to date is primarily due to higher servicing income received as a result of the Bank’s securitization of its residential and multifamily loan portfolios in 2007.

 

Noninterest expense for this segment increased 4% to $2.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2008, from $2.5 million during the same period in 2007.  For the first nine months of 2008, noninterest expense increased 25% to $9.1 million, from $7.3 million for the first nine months of 2007.  The increase in noninterest expense during 2008 is due to an increase in credit cycle related costs, as well as compensation and other operating expenses due to the restructuring and consolidation of two departments.  During the first quarter of 2008, the administrative department that provides backoffice support to the lending function was merged into the lending unit to enhance operational efficiencies in this segment of our business.

 

Balance Sheet Analysis

 

Our total assets decreased $129.9 million, or 1%, to $11.72 billion, as of September 30, 2008, compared to total assets of $11.85 billion at December 31, 2007.  The net decrease in total assets is comprised predominantly of decreases in net loans receivable of $639.7 million, and securities purchased under resale agreements amounting to $100.0 million.  These decreases were partially offset by increases in cash and cash equivalents of $367.1 million, available-for-sale investment securities totaling $160.1 million, deferred tax assets of $109.2 million, and OREO, net of $16.1 million.

 

Adoption of SFAS 157, Fair Value Measurement, and SFAS 159, Fair Value Option

 

The Company adopted SFAS 157 and SFAS 159, effective January 1, 2008.  SFAS 157 provides a framework for measuring fair value under GAAP.  This standard applies to all financial assets and liabilities that are being measured and reported at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis.  For the Company, this includes the investment securities available-for-sale portfolio, equity swap agreements, derivatives payable, mortgage servicing assets and impaired loans.

 

The adoption of SFAS 157 did not have any impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.  See Note 3 to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements presented elsewhere in this report.

 

Securities Purchased Under Resale Agreements

 

We purchase securities under resale agreements with terms that range from one day to several years.  Total resale agreements decreased to $50.0 million as of September 30, 2008, compared with $150.0 million as of December 31, 2007, all of which are long-term agreements.  The decrease as of September 30, 2008 reflects the early termination of a $100.0 million resale agreement on January 14, 2008 which had a stated termination date of January 14, 2017.  In conjunction with the early termination of this agreement, we received $1.0 million from the counterparty which we recorded as a yield adjustment during the first quarter of 2008.

 

Purchases of securities under resale agreements are overcollateralized to ensure against unfavorable market price movements.  We monitor the market value of the underlying securities which collateralize the related receivable on resale agreements, including accrued interest.  In the event that the

 

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fair market value of the securities decreases below the carrying amount of the related repurchase agreement, our counterparty is required to pledge as collateral an equivalent value of additional securities.  The counterparties to these agreements are nationally recognized investment banking firms that meet credit eligibility criteria and with whom a master repurchase agreement has been duly executed.

 

Investment Securities Available-for-Sale

 

Total investment securities available-for-sale increased 8% to $2.05 billion as of September 30, 2008, compared with $1.89 billion at December 31, 2007.  Total repayments/maturities and proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities amounted to $1.01 billion and $376.1 million, respectively, during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.  Proceeds from repayments, maturities, sales, and redemptions were applied towards additional investment securities purchases, funding loan originations, and paying down borrowings.  For the first nine months of 2008, we recorded net gains on sales of available-for-sale securities totaling $7.8 million, compared with $5.2 million during the first nine months of 2007.

 

We perform regular impairment analyses on the investment securities available-for-sale portfolio.  If we determine that a decline in fair value is other-than-temporary, an impairment writedown is recognized in current earnings.  Other-than-temporary declines in fair value are assessed based on factors including the duration the security has been in a continuous unrealized loss position, the severity of the decline in value, the rating of the security and our ability and intent on holding the securities until the fair values recover.

 

The fair values of the investment securities are generally determined by reference to the average of at least two quoted market prices obtained from independent external brokers or prices obtained from independent external pricing service providers who have experience in valuing these securities.  The Company performs a monthly analysis on the broker quotes received from third parties to ensure that the prices represent a reasonable estimate of the fair value.  The procedures include, but are not limited to, initial and on-going review of third party pricing methodologies, review of pricing trends, and monitoring of trading volumes.  The Company ensures whether prices received from independent brokers represent a reasonable estimate of fair value through the use of internal and external cash flow models developed based on spreads, and when available, market indices. As a result of this analysis, if the Company determines there is a more appropriate fair value based upon the available market data, the price received from the third party is adjusted accordingly.

 

Prices from third party pricing services are often unavailable for securities that are rarely traded or are traded only in privately negotiated transactions. As a result, certain securities are priced via independent broker quotations which utilize inputs that may be difficult to corroborate with observable market based data. Additionally, the majority of these independent broker quotations are non-binding.

 

As a result of the global financial crisis and illiquidity in the U.S. markets, we believe the current broker prices that we have obtained on our private label mortgage-backed securities and pooled trust preferred debt and equity securities are based on forced liquidation or distressed sale values in very inactive markets that are not representative of the economic value of these securities.  The fair values of private label mortgage-backed securities and pooled trust preferred securities have traditionally been based on the average of at least two quoted market prices obtained from independent external brokers since broker quotes in an active market are given the highest priority under SFAS 157.  However, in light of these circumstances, we have modified our approach in determining the fair values of these securities.  We have determined that each of these securities will be individually examined for the appropriate valuation methodology based on a combination of the market approach reflecting current broker prices

 

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and a discounted cash flow approach.  In calculating the fair value derived from the income approach, procedures include, but are not limited to, assumptions related to the implied rate of return, general change in market rates, estimated changes in credit quality and liquidity risk premium, specific non-performance and default experience in the collateral underlying the security, as well as broker discount rates are taken into consideration in determining the discount rate.  The values resulting from each approach (i.e. market and income approaches) are weighted to derive the final fair value on each private label mortgage-backed and pooled trust preferred security.

 

The majority of unrealized losses in the available-for-sale portfolio at September 30, 2008 are related to AAA-rated private label mortgage-backed securities that we have retained in connection with our loan securitization activities.  As of September 30, 2008, the fair value of these securities totaled $562.2 million, representing 27% of our total investment portfolio.  Gross unrealized losses related to these securities amounted to $72.4 million, or 11% of the aggregate amortized cost basis of these securities as of September 30, 2008.  These unrealized losses are caused by lack of liquidity and historically wide market spreads resulting from instability in the residential real estate and credit markets.  The underlying loans are not subprime in nature and were originated by the Bank in accordance with our customary underwriting standards. The securities are supported by overcollateralization as of September 30, 2008.  Additionally, these securities are insured by a monoline insurance company whose AAA credit rating has been affirmed by a major rating agency.

 

As of September 30, 2008, we had $68.7 million in trust preferred debt securities, representing 3% of our total investment portfolio.  These debt instruments had gross unrealized losses amounting to $54.2 million, or 44% of the total amortized cost basis of these securities as of September 30, 2008.  Almost all of the pooled trust preferred securities held by the Company have underlying collateral issued by banks and insurance companiesOf the 15 different trust preferred securities that we have purchased, only four securities have underlying collateral issued by a combination of bank, insurance, real estate investment trusts or homebuilder companies.  Furthermore, most of the trust preferred securities are overcollateralized and have subordination structures that management believes will afford sufficient principal and interest protection.  One pooled trust preferred security was downgraded to a B+ rating, from a BBB rating, by one rating agency shortly before year-end 2007.  During the third quarter of 2008, we recorded a combined $5.6 million in impairment writedowns on this downgraded security and another trust preferred security in accordance with SFAS 115, FSP FAS 115-1 and SFAS 124-1 and EITF 99-20, Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Purchased and Retained Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets.  We believe that the recent bailout program passed by the U.S. government to purchase problem assets from banks and provide for an injection of capital reduces the risk default by bank issuers and increases the probability that the liquidity in this market and the prices of our securities will improve in the near term future.  We will continue to review such factors, including but not limited to, the estimated cash flows, liquidity and credit risk, for these securities on a quarterly basis.

 

We retain residual securities in securitized mortgage loans in connection with our securitization activities.  The fair value of residual securities is subject to credit, prepayment, and interest rate risk on the underlying mortgage loans.  Fair value is estimated based on a discounted cash flow analysis.  These cash flows are projected over the lives of the receivables using prepayment speed, expected credit losses, and the forward interest rate environment on the residual securities.  At September 30, 2008, the fair values of the residual securities totaled $37.4 million based on a weighted average projected prepayment rate of 18%, a weighted average annual expected credit loss rate of 0.06%, and a weighted average discount rate of 16%.  As of December 31, 2007, the fair values of residual securities totaled $40.7 million based on a weighted average projected prepayment rate of 15%, a weighted average annual expected credit loss rate of 0.05%, and a weighted average discount rate of 11%.

 

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In September 2008, the liquidity and credit concerns led the U.S. Federal Government to assume a conservatorship role in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.  The rating on Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac preferred securities was downgraded from BBB- to C reflecting the cessation of dividend payments on these securities.  These securities are non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock in which unpaid dividends do not accumulate.  The purchase agreement between the U.S. Treasury and these government-sponsored entities contains a covenant prohibiting the payment of dividends on existing preferred stock.  It is currently difficult to assess the status of any resumption in dividend payments on these securities.  Therefore, in accordance with SFAS 115, FSP FAS 115-1 and SFAS 124-1, we recorded $47.0 million in OTTI charges on Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac preferred stock securities.  As of September 30, 2008, the fair value of these preferred securities was reduced to $3.3 million as a result of the impairment charge.

 

We also have pooled trust preferred equity securities with fair values totaling $1.2 million as of September 30, 2008.  As a result of our periodic reviews for impairment in accordance with SFAS 115, FSP FAS 115-1 and FAS 124-1, and EITF 99-20, we recorded $1.0 million in impairment charges related to pooled trust preferred equity securities.  The cost bases of these securities were less than their fair values and there were adverse changes in expected cash flows.

 

We have seventeen individual securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or longer as of September 30, 2008.  These securities are comprised of eleven pooled trust preferred securities with a total fair value of $58.7 million, five mortgage-backed securities with a total fair value of $578.2 million and one agency debt security with a fair value of $48.5 million.  The unrealized losses on these securities are primarily attributed to changes in interest rates as well as the liquidity crisis that has impacted all financial industries.  The issuers of these securities have not, to our knowledge, established any cause for default on these securities.  These securities have fluctuated in value since their purchase dates as market interest rates have fluctuated.  However, we have the ability and the intention to hold these securities until their fair values recover to cost or maturity.  As such, management does not deem these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired.

 

The following table sets forth the amortized cost and the estimated fair values of investment securities available-for-sale as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007:

 

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Gross

 

Gross

 

 

 

 

 

Amortized

 

Unrealized

 

Unrealized

 

Estimated

 

 

 

Cost

 

Gains

 

Losses

 

Fair Value

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

As of September 30, 2008

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Treasury securities

 

$

2,505

 

$

5

 

$

 

$

2,510

 

U.S. Government agency securities and U.S. Government sponsored enterprise debt securities

 

1,212,599

 

782

 

(8,275

)

1,205,106

 

U.S. Government sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities

 

122,410

 

1,488

 

(147

)

123,751

 

Other mortgage-backed securities

 

679,691

 

 

(76,991

)

602,700

 

Trust preferred securities (1)

 

122,867

 

 

(54,159

)

68,708

 

U.S. Government sponsored enterprise equity securities (2)

 

3,340

 

 

 

3,340

 

Residual securities

 

24,886

 

12,502

 

 

37,388

 

Other securities (3)

 

4,221

 

17

 

(497

)

3,741

 

Total investment securities available-for-sale

 

$

2,172,519

 

$

14,794

 

$

(140,069

)

$

2,047,244

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2007

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Treasury securities

 

$

2,487

 

$

5

 

$

 

$

2,492

 

U.S. Government agency securities and U.S. Government sponsored enterprise debt securities

 

427,004

 

576

 

(1,090

)

426,490

 

U.S. Government sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities

 

527,373

 

8,257

 

(354

)

535,276

 

Other mortgage-backed securities

 

750,864

 

455

 

(70,721

)

680,598

 

Trust preferred securities (1)

 

127,420

 

1,708

 

(9,501

)

119,627

 

U.S. Government sponsored enterprise equity securities

 

83,744

 

500

 

(9,189

)

75,055

 

Residual securities

 

32,778

 

12,623

 

(287

)

45,114

 

Other securities

 

2,470

 

14

 

 

2,484

 

Total investment securities available-for-sale

 

$

1,954,140

 

$

24,138

 

$

(91,142

)

$

1,887,136

 

 


(1) Reflects net of OTTI charge of $5.6 million and $405 thousand as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.

(2) Reflects net of OTTI charge of $55.3 million as of September 30, 2008.

(3) Reflects net of OTTI charge of $1.0 million as of September 30, 2008.

 

Loans

 

We offer a broad range of products designed to meet the credit needs of our borrowers.  Our lending activities consist of residential single family loans, residential multifamily loans, commercial real estate loans, construction loans, commercial business loans, trade finance loans, and consumer loans.  Total gross loans decreased $555.7 million, or 6% to $8.29 billion at September 30, 2008, relative to December 31, 2007.

 

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The following table sets forth the composition of the loan portfolio as of the dates indicated:

 

 

 

September 30, 2008

 

December 31, 2007

 

 

 

Amount

 

Percent

 

Amount

 

Percent

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Real estate loans:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Residential, single family

 

$

488,026

 

5.9

%

$

433,337

 

4.9

%

Residential, multifamily

 

689,806

 

8.3

%

690,941

 

7.8

%

Commercial and industrial real estate

 

3,969,813

 

47.9

%

4,183,473

 

47.3

%

Construction

 

1,356,668

 

16.4

%

1,547,082

 

17.5

%

Total real estate loans

 

6,504,313

 

78.5

%

6,854,833

 

77.5

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other loans:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial business

 

1,190,848

 

14.4

%

1,314,068

 

14.8

%

Trade finance

 

389,288

 

4.7

%

491,690

 

5.6

%

Automobile

 

10,795

 

0.1

%

23,946

 

0.3

%

Other consumer

 

194,189

 

2.3

%

160,572

 

1.8

%

Total other loans

 

1,785,120

 

21.5

%

1,990,276

 

22.5

%

Total gross loans

 

8,289,433

 

100.0

%

8,845,109

 

100.0

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unearned fees, premiums and discounts, net

 

(1,047

)

 

 

(5,781

)

 

 

Allowance for loan losses

 

(177,155

)

 

 

(88,407

)

 

 

Loan receivable, net

 

$

8,111,231

 

 

 

$8,750,921

 

 

 

 

Nonperforming Assets

 

Nonperforming assets are comprised of nonaccrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more but not on nonaccrual, restructured loans, doubtful loans and other real estate owned, net.  Nonperforming assets totaled $200.6 million or 1.71% of total assets at September 30, 2008 and $67.5 million or 0.57% of total assets at December 31, 2007.  Nonaccrual loans amounted to $177.3 million at September 30, 2008, compared with $63.9 million at year-end 2007.  Loans totaling $204.2 million were placed on nonaccrual status during the third quarter of 2008.  As a part of our comprehensive loan review, loans totaling $27.3 million which were not 90 days past due as of September 30, 2008, were placed on nonaccrual status due to concerns regarding collateral values and future collectibility.  Additions to nonaccrual loans were offset by $35.7 million in chargeoffs, $57.6 million in payoffs and principal paydowns, $19.9 million in loans that were transferred to other real estate owned, and $84.5 million in loans brought current.  The additions to nonaccrual loans during the third quarter of 2008 were comprised of $3.2 million in single family loans, $5.2 million in multifamily loans, $44.3 million in commercial real estate loans, $134.4 million in construction loans, $15.8 million in commercial business loans including SBA loans, $523 thousand in trade finance loans, and $820 thousand in automobile and other consumer loans.

 

Loans that were past due 90 days or more were on nonaccrual status as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

Restructured loans represent loans that have had their original terms modified.  There were $5.7 million in restructured loans as of September 30, 2008, compared to $2.1 million as of December 31, 2007.

 

Other real estate owned includes properties acquired through foreclosure or through full or partial satisfaction of loans.  We had 23 OREO properties at September 30, 2008 with a combined aggregate carrying value of $17.6 million.  Of this amount, 61% is located in the Inland Empire region of Southern California, 34% in the Greater Los Angeles area, and the remaining 5% in Northern California.

 

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In comparison, we had three OREO properties at December 31, 2007 with a combined aggregate carrying value of $1.5 million located predominantly in Northern California.  For the first nine months of 2008, we foreclosed on 33 properties with an aggregate carrying value of $46.6 million as of the foreclosure date.  During this period, we also sold eleven OREO properties with a carrying value of $28.4 million resulting in a total net loss on sale of $302 thousand.  In comparison, we sold one OREO property with a carrying value of $2.8 million for a net gain on sale of $1.3 million during the first nine months of 2007.

 

The following table sets forth information regarding nonaccrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more but not on nonaccrual, restructured loans and other real estate owned as of the dates indicated:

 

 

 

September 30,

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nonaccrual loans

 

$

177,303

 

$

63,882

 

Loans past due 90 days or more but not on nonaccrual

 

 

 

Total nonperforming loans

 

177,303

 

63,882

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Restructured loans

 

5,664

 

2,081

 

Other real estate owned, net

 

17,607

 

1,500

 

Total nonperforming assets

 

$

200,574

 

$

67,463

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total nonperforming assets to total assets

 

1.71

%

0.57

%

Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans

 

99.92

%

138.39

%

Nonperforming loans to total gross loans

 

2.14

%

0.72

%

 

We evaluate loan impairment according to the provisions of SFAS No. 114, Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan (“SFAS 114”), as amended.  Under SFAS 114, loans are considered impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled interest payments.  Impaired loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or, as an expedient, at the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent, less costs to sell.  If the measure of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, the deficiency will be charged off against the allowance for loan losses, or alternatively, a specific allocation will be established.  Also, in accordance with SFAS 114, loans that are considered impaired are specifically excluded from the quarterly migration analysis when determining the amount of the allowance for loan and lease losses required for the period.

 

At September 30, 2008, we classified $207.7 million of our loans as impaired, compared with $123.8 million at December 31, 2007.  Specific reserves on impaired loans amounted to $32.9 million and $16.3 million at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.  Our average recorded investment in impaired loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were $233.1 million and $71.3 million, respectively.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, gross interest income that would have been recorded on impaired loans, had they performed in accordance with their original terms, totaled $12.7 million and $4.6 million, respectively.  Of this amount, actual interest recognized on impaired loans, on a cash basis, was $7.6 million and $3.0 million, respectively.

 

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In light of the credit and mortgage crisis affecting the entire financial industry and its impact on our borrowers, the Company took a more proactive approach during the latter part of 2007 and 2008 to assess potential loan impairment in our overall portfolio.  We expanded our scope to perform focused reviews of certain sectors of our loan portfolio to identify and mitigate potential losses.  Our recent experience made us aware of the rapid deterioration occurring in the market in a relatively short period of time.  Specifically, we have noted that while our borrowers may continue to pay as agreed in accordance with their contractual terms and/or even though loans may not have reached a significant stage of delinquency, the existence of certain warning signs indicating possible collectibility issues warranted a more careful scrutiny of these loans for potential impairment.  Specifically, we reviewed loans that exhibited the following characteristics:

 

·                  diminishing or adverse changes in cash flows that serve as the principal source of repayment;

·                  adverse changes in the financial position or net worth of guarantors or investors;

·                  adverse changes in collateral values for collateral-dependent loans;

·                  declining or adverse changes in inventory levels securing commercial business and trade finance;

·                  failure in meeting financial covenants; or

·                  other changes or conditions that may adversely impact the ultimate collectibility of loans.

 

Although certain loans are not 90 days or more delinquent and therefore still accruing interest, we have classified them as impaired as of September 30, 2008 because they exhibit one or more of the characteristics described above.

 

Allowance for Loan Losses

 

We are committed to maintaining the allowance for loan losses at a level that is considered to be commensurate with estimated and known risks in the portfolio.  In addition to regular, quarterly reviews of the appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses, management performs an ongoing assessment of the risks inherent in the loan portfolio.  While we believe that the allowance for loan losses is appropriate at September 30, 2008, future additions to the allowance will be subject to a continuing evaluation of estimated and known, as well as inherent, risks in the loan portfolio.

 

The allowance for loan losses is increased by the provision for loan losses which is charged against current period operating results, and is increased or decreased by the amount of net recoveries or net chargeoffs, respectively, during the period.  At September 30, 2008, the allowance for loan losses amounted to $177.2 million, or 2.14% of total loans, compared with $88.4 million, or 1.00% of total loans, at December 31, 2007, and $84.6 million, or 0.99% of total loans, at September 30, 2007.   The allowance for unfunded loan commitments, off-balance sheet credit exposures, and recourse provisions are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities and amounted to $5.7 million at September 30, 2008, compared to $11.4 million at December 31, 2007.  The decrease in the off-balance sheet allowance amount was due, in part, by a 37% decline in unfunded loan commitments at September 30, 2008 relative to year-end 2007.

 

We recorded $43.0 million in loan loss provisions during the third quarter of 2008 and $183.0 million during the first nine months of 2008.  In comparison, we recorded $3.0 million in loan loss provisions for the same periods in 2007.  Although loss provisions recorded during the third quarter of 2008 were significant in relation to the amount recorded during the same period last year, it represents a sharp reduction from the $85.0 million in loss provisions recorded during the second quarter of 2008.

 

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While the elevated provision levels in 2008 are deemed prudent by management to proactively and aggressively address asset quality issues brought on by the downturn in the real estate market and instability in the overall economy, we have noted a stabilization in overall nonperforming asset and delinquency trends during the third quarter of 2008 relative to the first half of the year.  We expect continued stability in our asset quality trends during the fourth quarter of 2008.  As such, we anticipate our loss provision level in the fourth quarter and future periods to taper down as we continue to manage down our problem assets and overall credit exposures.

 

During the third quarter of 2008, net loan chargeoffs amounted to $39.7 million, or an annualized 1.88% of average loans outstanding during the quarter.  This compares to net loan chargeoffs of $853 thousand, or an annualized 0.04% of average loans outstanding for the same quarter in 2007.  Of the $44.4 million in total gross chargeoffs recorded for the quarter, 47% or $21.0 million were land loans and 36% or $16.1 million were residential construction loans.  During the first nine months of 2008, net chargeoffs amounted to $99.9 million, or 1.53% of average loans outstanding during the period.  This compares to net chargeoffs of $1.6 million, representing 0.03% of average loans outstanding during the same period in 2007.

 

The following table summarizes activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Nine Months Ended

 

 

 

September 30,

 

September 30,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

2008

 

2007

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Allowance balance, beginning of period

 

$

168,413

 

$

77,280

 

$

88,407

 

$

78,201

 

Allowance from acquisition

 

 

4,125

 

 

4,125

 

Allowance for unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit

 

5,437

 

1,013

 

5,669

 

824

 

Provision for loan losses

 

43,000

 

3,000

 

183,000

 

3,000

 

Chargeoffs:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Single family real estate

 

1,023

 

 

1,732

 

 

Multifamily real estate

 

1,006

 

 

1,442

 

 

Commercial and industrial real estate

 

21,690

 

 

43,108

 

 

Construction

 

16,138

 

516

 

40,429

 

516

 

Commercial business

 

4,401

 

392

 

18,136

 

1,437

 

Automobile

 

63

 

1

 

226

 

1

 

Other consumer

 

34

 

 

74

 

11

 

Total chargeoffs

 

44,355

 

909

 

105,147

 

1,965

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Recoveries:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Single family real estate

 

1

 

 

3

 

 

Commercial and industrial real estate

 

1,899

 

18

 

1,905

 

18

 

Construction

 

2,581

 

 

2,581

 

 

Commercial business

 

177

 

25

 

714

 

348

 

Automobile

 

2

 

13

 

23

 

14

 

Total recoveries

 

4,660

 

56

 

5,226

 

380

 

Net chargeoffs

 

39,695

 

853

 

99,921

 

1,585

 

Allowance balance, end of period

 

$

177,155

 

$

84,565

 

$

177,155

 

$

84,565

 

Average loans outstanding

 

$

8,451,517

 

$

8,433,268

 

$

8,725,596

 

$

8,236,948

 

Total gross loans outstanding, end of period

 

$

8,289,433

 

$

8,558,314

 

$

8,289,433

 

$

8,558,314

 

Annualized net chargeoffs to average loans

 

1.88

%

0.04

%

1.53

%

0.03

%

Allowance for loan losses to total gross loans, end of period

 

2.14

%

0.99

%

2.14

%

0.99

%

 

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Our methodology to determine the overall appropriateness of the allowance is based on a classification migration model and qualitative considerations.  The technique of migration analysis essentially looks at pools of loans having similar characteristics and analyzes their loss rates over a historical period.  We utilize a loss horizon of sixteen years to better capture the Bank’s historical loss trends.  This loss horizon represents the timeframe when the Bank started to monitor and track losses incurred in the loan portfolio.  Since loss rates derived by the migration model are based predominantly on historical loss trends, they may not be indicative of the actual or inherent loss potential for loan categories that have little or no historical losses.  As such, we utilize qualitative and environmental factors as adjusting mechanisms to supplement the historical results of the classification migration model.

 

Qualitative considerations include, but are not limited to, prevailing economic or market conditions, relative risk profiles of various loan segments, the strength or deficiency of the internal control environment, volume concentrations, growth trends, delinquency and nonaccrual status, problem loan trends, and geographic concentrations.  Qualitative and environmental factors are reflected as percent adjustments and are added to the historical loss rates derived from the classified asset migration model to determine the appropriate allowance amount for each loan category.

 

In consideration of the significant growth and increasing diversity and credit risk profiles of loans in our portfolio over the past several years, our classification migration model utilizes sixteen risk-rated or heterogeneous loan pool categories and three homogeneous loan categories.  The loan sectors included in the heterogeneous loan pools are residential single family, residential multifamily, commercial real estate, construction, commercial business, trade finance, and automobile loans.  With the exception of automobile loans, all other heterogeneous loan categories have been broken down into additional subcategories.  For example, the commercial real estate loan category is further segmented into six subcategories based on industry sector.  These subcategories include retail, office, industrial, land, hotel/motel, and other special purpose or miscellaneous.  By sectionalizing these broad loan categories into smaller subgroups, we are better able to isolate and identify the risks associated with each subgroup based on historical loss trends.

 

In addition to the sixteen heterogeneous loan categories, our classification migration model also utilizes three homogeneous loan categories which encompass predominantly consumer-related credits.  Specifically, these homogeneous loan categories are home equity lines, overdraft protection lines, and credit card loans.

 

The following table reflects management’s allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan category and the ratio of each loan category to total loans as of the dates indicated:

 

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Table of Contents

 

 

 

September 30,

 

December 31, 2007

 

 

 

Amount

 

%

 

Amount

 

%

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Residential, single family

 

$

5,113

 

5.9

%

$

2,475

 

4.9

%

Residential, multifamily

 

7,171

 

8.3

%

4,216

 

7.8

%

Commercial and industrial real estate

 

39,894

 

47.9

%

21,072

 

47.3

%

Construction

 

71,822

 

16.4

%

19,132

 

17.5

%

Commercial business

 

40,583

 

14.4

%

24,188

 

14.9

%

Trade finance

 

11,509

 

4.7

%

16,487

 

5.5

%

Automobile

 

196

 

0.1

%

242

 

0.3

%

Other consumer

 

867

 

2.3

%

595

 

1.8

%

Total

 

$

177,155

 

100.0

%

$

88,407

 

100.0

%

 

Deposits

 

Deposits remained stable during the first nine months of 2008, increasing 4% to $7.54 billion at September 30, 2008, from $7.28 billion at December 31, 2007.  The net increase in deposits came from time deposits which rose $522.4 million or 14%.  These were offset by decreases in money market accounts of 7% or $76.1 million, interest-bearing checking accounts of $98.8 million or 21%, savings accounts of $51.8 million or 11%, and noninterest-bearing demand deposits of $38.3 million or 3%.

 

As a result of the turbulence in the banking sector, we experienced a notable growth in deposit products that afford greater deposit insurance coverage to deposit customers during the third quarter of 2008.  As of September 30, 2008, time deposits within the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”) program increased to $189.6 million, compared to only $11.7 million at December 31, 2007.  The CDARS program allows customers with deposits in excess of FDIC-insured limits to obtain full coverage on time deposits through a network of banks within the CDARS program.  Additionally, during the third quarter, we partnered with another financial institution to implement a new retail sweep product for non-time deposit accounts to provide added deposit insurance coverage for deposits in excess of FDIC-insured limits.

 

The following table sets forth the composition of the deposit portfolio as of the dates indicated:

 

 

 

September 30,

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noninterest-bearing demand

 

$

1,393,480

 

$

1,431,730

 

Interest-bearing checking

 

374,187

 

472,943

 

Money market

 

1,014,849

 

1,090,949

 

Savings

 

425,966

 

477,779

 

Total core deposits

 

3,208,482

 

3,473,401

 

Time deposits:

 

 

 

 

 

Less than $100,000

 

1,295,585

 

926,459

 

$100,000 or greater

 

3,032,282

 

2,879,054

 

Total time deposits

 

4,327,867

 

3,805,513

 

Total deposits

 

$

7,536,349

 

$

7,278,914

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

Borrowings

 

We utilize a combination of short-term and long-term borrowings to manage our liquidity position. Federal funds purchased generally mature within one business day to six months from the transaction date. At September 30, 2008, federal funds purchased declined 86% to $30.4 million, as compared to $222.3 million at December 31, 2007. FHLB advances declined 15% to $1.54 billion as of September 30, 2008, compared to $1.81 billion at December 31, 2007. The decrease in federal funds purchased and FHLB advances is consistent with our overall strategy to deleverage our balance sheet. During the first nine months of 2008, a portion of the proceeds from the maturities and sales of investment securities, as well as proceeds from our preferred stock issuance in April 2008, were used to pay down our borrowings. During the first quarter of 2008, we paid off an FHLB advance totaling $50.0 million prior to its contractual maturity date. In accordance with Accounting Principles Bulletin No. 18, Early Extinguishment of Debt, we recorded the penalty amount of $149 thousand as an adjustment to interest expense. As of September 30, 2008, we had no overnight FHLB advances, compared to $350.0 million as of December 31, 2007. We entered into three new FHLB advances totaling $250.0 million during the first nine months of 2008. The maturity terms of these advances are less than 3 years with fixed interest rates ranging from 3.11% to 3.68%. FHLB advances totaling $120.0 million matured during the first nine months of 2008.

 

In addition to federal funds purchased and FHLB advances, we also utilize securities sold under repurchase agreements (“repurchase agreements”) to manage our liquidity position. Long-term repurchase agreements remained at $995.0 million at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007. Repurchase agreements are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions and recorded at the amounts at which the securities were sold. The collateral for these agreements consist of U.S. Government agency and U.S. Government sponsored enterprise debt and mortgage-backed securities. All of these repurchase agreements have an original term of ten years. The rates were generally initially floating rate for a period of time ranging from six months to three years, with the floating interest rates ranging from the three-month Libor minus 80 basis points to the three-month Libor minus 340 basis points. With the exception of one repurchase agreement, the rates have been switched to fixed rates for the remainder of the term, with fixed interest rates ranging from 4.29% to 5.13%. The counterparty has the right to either a one-time call or a quarterly call when the rates change from floating to fixed, for each of the repurchase agreements.

 

As of September 30, 2008, the Company also had $4.5 million in overnight repurchase agreements with customers with interest rates ranging from 1.50% to 1.75%.

 

Long-term Debt

 

Long-term debt remained at $235.6 million at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007. Long-term debt is comprised of subordinated debt which qualifies as Tier II capital and junior subordinated debt issued in connection with our various trust preferred securities offerings which qualify as Tier I capital for regulatory reporting purposes.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations

 

The following table presents, as of September 30, 2008, our significant fixed and determinable contractual obligations, within the categories described below, by payment date. The payment amounts represent the amounts and interest contractually due to the recipient.

 

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Table of Contents

 

 

 

Payment Due by Period

 

 

 

Less than

 

 

 

 

 

After

 

Indeterminate

 

 

 

Contractual Obligations

 

1 year

 

1-3 years

 

3-5 years

 

5 years

 

Maturity

 

Total

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deposits

 

$

4,244,375

 

$

151,989

 

$

39,428

 

$

11,078

 

$

3,325,816

 

$

7,772,686

 

Federal funds purchased

 

30,513

 

 

 

 

 

30,513

 

FHLB advances

 

669,408

 

938,347

 

5,414

 

3,223

 

 

1,616,392

 

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

 

52,424

 

95,913

 

95,913

 

1,128,658

 

 

1,372,908

 

Notes payable

 

 

 

 

 

12,150

 

12,150

 

Long-term debt obligations

 

11,626

 

23,251

 

23,251

 

422,894

 

 

481,022

 

Operating lease obligations

 

11,455

 

22,384

 

22,999

 

67,386

 

 

124,224

 

Unrecognized tax benefits

 

 

 

 

 

768

 

768

 

Postretirement benefit payments

 

 

11,156

 

1,732

 

2,316

 

 

15,204

 

Total contractual obligations

 

$

5,019,801

 

$

1,243,040

 

$

188,737

 

$

1,635,555

 

$

3,338,734

 

$

11,425,867

 

 

As a financial service provider, we routinely enter into commitments to extend credit to customers, such as loan commitments, commercial letters of credit for foreign and domestic trade, standby letters of credit, and financial guarantees. Many of these commitments to extend credit may expire without being drawn upon. The same credit policies are used in extending these commitments as in extending loan facilities to customers. A schedule of significant commitments to extend credit to customers as of September 30, 2008 is as follows:

 

 

 

Commitments

 

 

 

Outstanding

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Undisbursed loan commitments

 

$

1,705,920

 

Standby letters of credit

 

509,105

 

Commercial letters of credit

 

50,237

 

 

Capital Resources

 

One of our primary sources of capital is the retention of net after tax earnings. At September 30, 2008, stockholders’ equity totaled $1.26 billion, an 8% increase from $1.17 billion as of December 31, 2007. The increase is comprised of the following: (1) issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock, net of stock issuance costs, totaling $194.1 million, representing 200,000 shares; (2) stock compensation costs amounting to $4.5 million related to grants of restricted stock and stock options; (3) tax benefits of $159 thousand resulting from the exercise of nonqualified stock options; (4) net issuance of common stock totaling $1.8 million, representing 419,195 shares, pursuant to various stock plans and agreements; and (5) a purchase accounting adjustment pursuant to the DCB acquisition of $2.3 million. These transactions were offset by (1) net loss of $52.0 million recorded during the first nine months of 2008; (2) $33.8 million in net unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities; (3) a change in accounting principle pursuant to the adoption of EITF 06-4 amounting to $479 thousand; (4) tax provision of $397 thousand resulting from the vesting of restricted stock; (5) purchase of treasury shares related to vested restricted stock amounting to $8 thousand, representing 410 shares; and (6) payment of quarterly cash dividends on common and preferred stock totaling $23.1 million for the first nine months of 2008.

 

We are subject to risk-based capital regulations adopted by the federal banking regulators in January 1990. These guidelines are used to evaluate capital adequacy and are based on an institution’s asset risk profile and off-balance sheet exposures. According to the regulations, institutions whose Tier 1

 

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and total capital ratios meet or exceed 6% and 10%, respectively, are deemed to be “well-capitalized.”  We raised $194.1 million in additional capital, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses, during April 2008 through the issuance of 200,000 shares of non-cumulative, perpetual convertible preferred stock. The proceeds from this offering were used to reduce our borrowings, enhance our liquidity position, and boost our already strong capital levels. For a further discussion on this preferred stock offering, see Note 10 to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements presented elsewhere in this report. As of September 30, 2008, our total risk-based capital ratio is 13.12% or $318.5 million more than the 10.00% regulatory requirement for well-capitalized banks. Our Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 11.12% and our Tier 1 leverage ratio of 9.84% as of September 30, 2008 exceeded the regulatory guidelines for well-capitalized banks. At September 30, 2008, the Bank’s Tier 1 and total capital ratios were 10.92% and 12.91%, respectively, compared to 8.75% and 10.33%, respectively, at December 31, 2007.

 

The following table compares East West Bancorp, Inc.’s and East West Bank’s actual capital ratios at September 30, 2008, to those required by regulatory agencies for capital adequacy and well-capitalized classification purposes:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Minimum

 

Well

 

 

 

East West

 

East West

 

Regulatory

 

Capitalized

 

 

 

Bancorp

 

Bank

 

Requirements

 

Requirements

 

Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)

 

13.1

%

12.9

%

8.0

%

10.0

%

Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)

 

11.1

%

10.9

%

4.0

%

6.0

%

Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)

 

9.8

%

9.7

%

4.0

%

5.0

%

 

ASSET LIABILITY AND MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT

 

Liquidity

 

Liquidity management involves our ability to meet cash flow requirements arising from fluctuations in deposit levels and demands of daily operations, which include funding of securities purchases, providing for customers’ credit needs and ongoing repayment of borrowings. Our liquidity is actively managed on a daily basis and reviewed periodically by the Asset/Liability Committee and the Board of Directors. This process is intended to ensure the maintenance of sufficient funds to meet our liquidity needs, including adequate cash flow for off-balance sheet instruments.

 

Our primary sources of liquidity are derived from financing activities which include the acceptance of customer and broker deposits, federal funds facilities, repurchase agreement facilities, advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco, and issuances of long-term debt. These funding sources are augmented by payments of principal and interest on loans, the routine liquidation of securities from the available-for-sale portfolio and sales of eligible loans. Primary uses of funds include withdrawal of and interest payments on deposits, originations and purchases of loans, purchases of investment securities, and payment of operating expenses.

 

During the first nine months of 2008, we experienced net cash inflows from operating activities of $144.3 million, compared to net cash inflows of $160.7 million for the first nine months of 2007. For the first nine months of 2007, net cash inflows from operating activities are due primarily to net income earned during the period.

 

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Net cash inflows from investing activities totaled $264.5 million for the first nine months of 2008 compared with net outflows from investing activities of $243.8 million for the first nine months of 2007.  Net cash inflows from investing activities for the first nine months of 2008 were due primarily to proceeds from the sale of investment securities and loans, repayments on loans, the early termination of a resale agreement, as well as repayments, maturities and redemptions of investment securities.  These factors were partially offset by purchases of investment securities.  For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, net cash outflows from investing activities can be attributed primarily to net loan growth and purchases of investment securities, resale agreements and FHLB stock repayments.  These factors were partially offset by maturities, redemptions, and sales of investment securities.

 

We experienced net cash outflows from financing activities of $41.6 million for the first nine months of 2008, primarily due to the repayment of federal funds purchased, FHLB advances and dividends paid on our preferred and common stock during the first nine months of 2008.  These factors were partially offset by a net increase in deposits as well as net proceeds received from the issuance of convertible preferred stock.  During the same period in 2007, we experienced net cash inflows from financing activities of $57.8 million primarily due to the net proceeds received from FHLB advances, securities sold under repurchase agreements, federal funds purchased, and long-term debt.  These factors were partially offset by a net decrease in deposits, purchases of treasury shares in connection with our Board authorized stock repurchase program, and dividends paid on our common stock.

 

As a means of augmenting our liquidity sources, we have available a combination of borrowing sources comprised of the Federal Reserve Bank’s discount window, FHLB advances, federal funds lines with various correspondent banks, and several master repurchase agreements with major brokerage companies.  We believe our liquidity sources to be stable and adequate to meet our day-to-day cash flow requirements.  At September 30, 2008, we are not aware of any information that was reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our liquidity position.

 

The liquidity of East West Bancorp, Inc. is primarily dependent on the payment of cash dividends by its subsidiary, East West Bank, subject to limitations imposed by the Financial Code of the State of California.  For the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, total dividends paid by East West Bank to East West Bancorp, Inc. amounted to $23.1 million and $65.3 million, respectively.  The large dividend payment by the Bank to the Company during the first nine months of 2007 was primarily due to the purchase of treasury shares totaling $53.1 million in connection with the Board authorized stock repurchase program announced during the first quarter of 2007.  There were no treasury share repurchases pursuant to the Board authorized stock repurchase program during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.  As of September 30, 2008, approximately $168.9 million of undivided profits of East West Bank were available for dividends to East West Bancorp, Inc.

 

Interest Rate Sensitivity Management

 

Our success is largely dependent upon our ability to manage interest rate risk, which is the impact of adverse fluctuations in interest rates on our net interest income and net portfolio value.  Although in the normal course of business we manage other risks, such as credit and liquidity risk, we consider interest rate risk to be our most significant market risk and could potentially have the largest material effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

 

The fundamental objective of the asset liability management process is to manage our exposure to interest rate fluctuations on earnings while maintaining adequate levels of liquidity and capital.  Our strategy is formulated by the Asset/Liability Committee, which coordinates with the Board of Directors

 

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to monitor our overall asset and liability composition.  The Committee meets regularly to evaluate, among other things, the sensitivity of our assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, the book and market values of assets and liabilities, unrealized gains and losses on the available-for-sale portfolio (including those attributable to hedging transactions, if any), purchase and securitization activity, and maturities of investment securities and borrowings.

 

Our overall strategy is to minimize the adverse impact of immediate incremental changes in market interest rates (rate shock) on net interest income and net portfolio value.  Net portfolio value is defined as the present value of assets minus the present value of liabilities.  The attainment of this goal requires a balance between profitability, liquidity and interest rate risk exposure.  To minimize the adverse impact of changes in market interest rates, we simulate the effect of instantaneous interest rate changes on net interest income and net portfolio value on a quarterly basis.  The table below shows the estimated impact of changes in interest rates on our net interest income and market value of equity as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, assuming a parallel shift of 100 to 200 basis points in both directions:

 

 

 

Net Interest Income

 

Net Portfolio Value

 

 

 

Volatility (1)

 

Volatility (2)

 

Change in Interest Rates

 

September 30,

 

December 31,

 

September 30,

 

December 31,

 

(Basis Points)

 

2008

 

2007

 

2008

 

2007

 

+200

 

11.3

%

9.1

%

2.6

%

5.3

%

+100

 

6.5

%

5.8

%

1.7

%

5.4

%

-100

 

(6.2

)%

(5.7

)%

(3.9

)%

(6.2

)%

-200

 

(10.3

)%

(11.0

)%

(8.6

)%

(11.9

)%

 


(1) The percentage change represents net interest income for twelve months in a stable interest rate environment versus net interest income in the various rate scenarios.

 

(2) The percentage change represents net portfolio value of the Bank in a stable interest rate environment versus net portfolio value in the various rate scenarios.

 

All interest-earning assets, interest-bearing liabilities and related derivative contracts are included in the interest rate sensitivity analysis at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007.  Our primary analytical tool to gauge interest rate sensitivity is a simulation model used by many major banks and bank regulators, and is based on the actual maturity and repricing characteristics of interest-rate sensitive assets and liabilities.  The model attempts to predict changes in the yields earned on assets and the rates paid on liabilities in relation to changes in market interest rates.  As an enhancement to the primary simulation model, prepayment assumptions and market rates of interest provided by independent broker/dealer quotations, an independent pricing model and other available public sources are incorporated into the model.  Adjustments are made to reflect the shift in the Treasury and other appropriate yield curves.  The model also factors in projections of anticipated activity levels by product line and takes into account our increased ability to control rates offered on deposit products in comparison to our ability to control rates on adjustable-rate loans tied to the published indices.

 

The following table provides the outstanding principal balances and the weighted average interest rates of our financial instruments as of September 30, 2008.  The information presented below is based on the repricing date for variable rate instruments and the expected maturity date for fixed rate instruments.

 

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Fair Value at

 

 

 

Expected Maturity or Repricing Date by Year

 

 

 

September 30,

 

 

 

Year 1

 

Year 2

 

Year 3

 

Year 4

 

Year 5

 

Thereafter

 

Total

 

2008

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CD investments

 

$

495

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

495

 

$

497

 

Weighted average rate

 

3.23

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.23

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Short term investments

 

$

405,745

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

405,745

 

$

405,745

 

Weighted average rate

 

1.72

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.72

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Securities purchased under resale agreements

 

$

50,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

50,000

 

$

37,274

 

Weighted average rate

 

10.00

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.00

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investment securities available-for-sale (fixed rate)

 

$

695,784

 

 

 

$

80,373

 

$

1,276

 

$

75,000

 

$

475,794

 

$

1,328,227

 

$

1,319,333

 

Weighted average rate

 

2.58

%

 

 

4.02

%

6.75

%

4.32

%

6.40

%

4.14

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investment securities available-for-sale (variable rate) (1)

 

$

826,933

 

$

2,398

 

$

1,928

 

$

6,625

 

$

1,459

 

$

4,951

 

$

844,294

 

$

727,911

 

Weighted average rate

 

4.50

%

5.16

%

5.23

%

7.07

%

5.19

%

5.19

%

4.53

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total gross loans

 

$

6,310,528

 

$

920,231

 

$

518,259

 

$

192,964

 

$

133,925

 

$

213,526

 

$

8,289,433

 

$

8,349,741

 

Weighted average rate

 

5.92

%

6.80

%

7.10

%

7.13

%

6.99

%

5.82

%

6.13

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Checking accounts

 

$

374,187

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

374,187

 

$

296,732

 

Weighted average rate

 

0.65

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.65

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Money market accounts

 

$

1,014,849

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

1,014,849

 

$

970,125

 

Weighted average rate

 

2.21

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.21

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Savings deposits

 

$

425,966

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

425,966

 

$

341,861

 

Weighted average rate

 

0.81

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.81

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Time deposits

 

$

4,153,790

 

$

134,207

 

$

7,292

 

$

7,698

 

$

24,823

 

$

57

 

$

4,327,867

 

$

4,339,347

 

Weighted average rate

 

3.14

%

3.07

%

4.26

%

4.99

%

4.02

%

2.20

%

3.15

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal funds purchased

 

$

30,443

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

30,443

 

$

30,443

 

Weighted average rate

 

1.62

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.62

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FHLB term advances (fixed rate)

 

$

615,350

 

$

760,000

 

$

155,000

 

$

5,000

 

 

 

$

3,000

 

$

1,538,350

 

$

1,557,759

 

Weighted average rate

 

4.86

%

4.03

%

4.59

%

4.46

%

 

 

4.44

%

4.42

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Securities sold under repurchase agreements (fixed rate)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

945,000

 

$

945,000

 

$

1,099,407

 

Weighted average rate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.86

%

4.86

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Securities sold under repurchase agreements (variable rate)

 

$

50,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

50,000

 

$

48,836

 

Weighted average rate

 

4.15

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.15

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Customer repurchase agreements

 

$

4,467

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

4,467

 

$

4,467

 

Weighted average rate

 

1.68

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.68

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Subordinated debt

 

$

75,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

75,000

 

$

70,336

 

Weighted average rate (variable rate)

 

3.91

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.91

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Junior subordinated debt (fixed rate)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

21,392

 

$

21,392

 

$

22,602

 

Weighted average rate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.91

%

10.91

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Junior subordinated debt (variable rate)

 

$

139,178

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

139,178

 

$

119,983

 

Weighted average rate

 

4.57

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.57

%

 

 

 


(1) Includes hybrid securities that have fixed interest rates for the first three or five years.  Thereafter, interest rates become adjustable based on a predetermined index.

 

Expected maturities of assets are contractual maturities adjusted for projected payment based on contractual amortization and unscheduled prepayments of principal as well as repricing frequency.  Expected maturities for deposits are based on contractual maturities adjusted for projected rollover rates and changes in pricing for deposits with no stated maturity dates.  We utilize assumptions supported by documented analyses for the expected maturities of our loans and repricing of our deposits.  We also use

 

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prepayment projections for amortizing securities.  The actual maturities of these instruments could vary significantly if future prepayments and repricing frequencies differ from our expectations based on historical experience.

 

The fair values of short-term investments approximate their book values due to their short maturities.  For securities purchased under resale agreements, fair values are calculated by discounting future cash flows based on expected maturities or repricing dates utilizing estimated market discount rates.  The fair values of the investment securities are generally determined by reference to the average of at least two quoted market prices obtained from independent external brokers or prices obtained from independent external pricing service providers who have experience in valuing these securities.  In obtaining such valuation information from third parties, the Company has reviewed the methodologies used to develop the resulting fair values.  For private label mortgage-backed securities and pooled trust preferred securities, fair values are derived based on a combination of broker prices and discounted cash flow analyses that are weighted as deemed appropriate for each security.  The fair value of loans is determined based on the discounted cash flow approach.  The discount rate is derived from the associated yield curve plus spreads, and reflects the offering rates in the market for loans with similar financial characteristics.

 

The fair value of deposits is determined based on the discounted cash flow approach.  The discount rate is derived from the associated yield curve, plus spread, if any.  For core deposits, the cash outflows are projected by the decay rate based on the Bank’s core deposit premium study.  Cash flows for all non-time deposits are discounted using the LIBOR yield curve.  For time deposits, the cash flows are based on the contractual runoff and are discounted by the Bank’s current offering rates, plus spread.  For federal funds purchased, fair value approximates book value due to their short maturities.  The fair value of FHLB term advances is estimated by discounting the cash flows through maturity or the next repricing date based on current rates offered by the FHLB for borrowings with similar maturities.  Customer repurchase agreements, which have maturities ranging from one to three days, are presumed to have equal book and fair values because the interests rates paid on these instruments are based on prevailing market rates.  The fair values of securities sold under repurchase agreements are calculated by discounting future cash flows based on expected maturities or repricing dates, utilizing estimated market discount rates and taking into consideration the call features of each instrument.  For both subordinated and junior subordinated debt instruments, fair values are estimated by discounting cash flows through maturity based on current market rates the Bank would pay for new issuances.

 

The Asset/Liability Committee is authorized to utilize a wide variety of off-balance sheet financial techniques to assist in the management of interest rate risk.  We sometimes use derivative financial instruments as part of our asset and liability management strategy, with the overall goal of minimizing the impact of interest rate fluctuations on our net interest margin and stockholders’ equity.  The use of derivatives has not had a material effect on our operating results or financial position.

 

In August and November 2004, we entered into four equity swap agreements to hedge against market fluctuations in a promotional equity index certificate of deposit product that we offered to Bank customers for a limited time during the latter half of 2004.  This product, which has a term of 5 1/2 years, pays interest based on the performance of the HSCEI.  The combined notional amounts of the equity swap agreements total $24.6 million with termination dates similar to the stated maturity date on the underlying certificate of deposit host contracts.  For the equity swap agreements, we agreed to pay interest based on the one-month Libor minus a spread on a monthly basis and receive any increase in the HSCEI at swap termination date.  Under SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, a certificate of deposit that pays interest based on changes in an equity index is a hybrid instrument with an embedded derivative (i.e. equity call option) that must be accounted for

 

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separately from the host contract (i.e. the certificate of deposit).  In accordance with SFAS No. 133, both the embedded equity call options on the certificates of deposit and the freestanding equity swap agreements are marked-to-market every month with resulting changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statements of income.

 

On April 1, 2005, the Company amended the four equity swap agreements entered into in 2004 effectively removing the swap payable leg.  The amendments to the swap agreements changed the terms of the agreements such that instead of paying interest based on the one-month Libor minus a spread on a monthly basis for the remaining terms of the agreements, we prepaid this amount based on the current market value of the cash streams.  The total amount paid in conjunction with these swap agreement amendments was $4.2 million on April 1, 2005.

 

In December 2007, the Company entered into two additional equity swap agreements to hedge against market fluctuations in a promotional equity index certificate of deposit product offered to bank customers.  This product, which has a term of 5 years, also pays interest based on the performance of the HSCEI similar to the previous index certificate offering in 2004.  The combined notional amounts of these new equity swap agreements totaled $24.1 million and have termination dates similar to the stated maturities of the underlying certificate of deposit host contracts.  On December 3, 2007, we prepaid $4.5 million for the option cost based on the current market value of the cash streams.

 

The fair values of the equity swap agreements and embedded derivatives for these six derivative contracts amounted to $15.0 million and $15.1 million as of September 30, 2008, respectively, compared to $28.3 million as of December 31, 2007.  The decrease in the fair value of the derivative contracts since December 31, 2007 can be attributed primarily to a 44% decline in the index value as of September 30, 2008 relative to year-end 2007.

 

The embedded derivatives are included in interest-bearing deposits and the equity swap agreements are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.  The fair value of the derivative contracts is determined based on the change in value of the HSCEI and the volatility of the call option over the life of the individual swap agreement.  The option value is derived based on the volatility, the interest rate and the time remaining to maturity of the call option.  The Company has also considered the counterparty’s as well as its own credit risk in determining the valuation.

 

ITEM 3:  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES OF MARKET RISKS

 

For quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding market risks in our portfolio, see, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Consolidated Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Asset Liability and Market Risk Management.”

 

ITEM 4:  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

As of September 30, 2008, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e).  Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of

 

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September 30, 2008.  There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2008 that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

 

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.  Our disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

 

ITEM 1.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

We are not involved in any material legal proceedings.  Our subsidiary, East West Bank, from time to time is party to litigation that arises in the ordinary course of business, such as claims to enforce liens, claims involving the origination and servicing of loans, and other issues related to the business of the Bank.  In the opinion of our management, in consultation with legal counsel, the resolution of any such issues would not have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

 

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

 

The Company’s 2007 Form 10-K contains disclosure regarding the risks and uncertainties related to the Company’s business under the heading “Item A. Risk Factors.”  The information presented below updates and should be read in conjunction with the risk factors and information disclosed in the 2007 Form 10-K.  Other than as set forth below, there are no material changes to our risk factors as presented in the Company’s 2007 Form 10-K.

 

U.S. and international financial markets and economic conditions could adversely affect our liquidity, results of operations and financial condition.  As described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Recent Developments,” global capital markets and economic conditions continue to be adversely affected and the resulting disruption has been particularly acute in the financial sector.  Although the Company remains well capitalized and has not suffered any significant liquidity issues as a result of these recent events, the cost and availability of funds may be adversely affected by illiquid credit markets and the demand for our products and services may decline as our borrowers and customers realize the impact of an economic slowdown and recession.  In addition, the severity and duration of these adverse conditions is unknown and may exacerbate the Company’s exposure to credit risk and adversely affect the ability of borrowers to perform under the terms of their lending arrangements with us.  Accordingly, continued turbulence in the U.S. and international markets and economy may adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition, results of operations and profitability.

 

We may be required to make additional provisions for loan losses and charge off additional loans in the future, which could adversely affect our results of operations.  During the first nine months of 2008, we recorded a $183.0 million provision for loan losses and charged off $105.1 million, net of

 

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$5.2 million in recoveries. Of the total chargeoff amount recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2008, $10.0 million was related to a single commercial loan and $82.9 million were related to residential construction and land loans.  There has been a general slowdown in the housing market in portions of Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino and Orange counties where a majority of our loan customers are based.  This slowdown reflects declining prices and excess inventories of homes to be sold, which has contributed to financial strain on homebuilders and suppliers. As of September 30, 2008, we had $5.33 billion in commercial real estate, land and construction loans.  Continuing deterioration in the real estate market generally and in the residential building segment in particular could result in additional loan charge offs and provisions for loan losses in the future, which could have an adverse effect on our net income and capital.

 

We may experience additional goodwill impairment.  If our estimates of goodwill fair value change due to changes in our businesses or other factors, we may determine that additional impairment charges are necessary.  Estimates of fair value are determined based on a complex model using cash flows and company comparisons.  If management’s estimates of future cash flows are inaccurate, the fair value determined could be inaccurate and impairment may not be recognized in a timely manner.

 

ITEM 2.  UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

 

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the three months ended September 30, 2008. The following summarizes share repurchase activities during the third quarter of 2008:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Number

 

Approximate Dollar

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

of Shares

 

Value in Millions of Shares

 

 

 

Number

 

Average

 

Purchased as

 

that May Yet Be

 

 

 

of Shares

 

Price Paid

 

Part of Publicly

 

Purchased Under

 

Month Ended

 

Purchased (1)

 

per Share

 

Announced Programs

 

the Programs (2)

 

July 31, 2008

 

 

$

 

 

 

August 31, 2008

 

 

 

 

 

September 30, 2008

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

 

$

 

 

$

26.2

 

 


(1)   Excludes 102,468 in repurchased shares totaling $3.2 million due to forfeitures and vesting of restricted stock awards pursuant to the Company’s 1998 Stock Incentive Plan.

 

(2)   During the first quarter of 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors announced a repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of up to $80.0 million of its common stock.  This repurchase program has no expiration date and, to date, 1,392,176 shares totaling $53.8 million have been purchased under this program.

 

ITEM 3.  DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 4.  SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

 

Not applicable.

 

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ITEM 5.  OTHER INFORMATION

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 6.  EXHIBITS

 

(i) Exhibit 31.1

 

Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

 

 

(ii) Exhibit 31.2

 

Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

 

 

(iii) Exhibit 32.1

 

Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

 

 

(iv) Exhibit 32.2

 

Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

All other material referenced in this report which is required to be filed as an exhibit hereto has previously been submitted.

 

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SIGNATURE

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

Dated:  November 10, 2008

 

 

 

EAST WEST BANCORP, INC.

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Thomas J. Tolda

 

THOMAS J. TOLDA

 

Executive Vice President and

 

Chief Financial Officer

 

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