THE9 LIMITED
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
(Mark One)
|
|
|
o |
|
REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR
|
|
|
þ |
|
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007
OR
|
|
|
o |
|
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR
|
|
|
o |
|
SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to .
Commission file number: 000-51053
THE9 LIMITED
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
N/A
(Translation of Registrants name into English)
Cayman Islands
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Building No. 3, 690 Bibo Road
Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park
Pudong New Area, Pudong
Shanghai 201203, Peoples Republic of China
(Address of principal executive offices)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.
Name of each exchange and Title of each class on which registered:
American Depositary Shares, each representing one ordinary share, par value
US$0.01 per share, Nasdaq Global Market
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.
NONE
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.
NONE
(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuers classes of capital or common
stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:
29,867,053 ordinary shares, par
value US$0.01 per share.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of
the Securities Act. o Yes þ No
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not
required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
o Yes þ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the
past 90 days. þ Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer,
or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
o Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer
Indicate
by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to
prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
þ U.S. GAAP o International Financial Reporting Standards as issued o Other
by the International Accounting Standards Board
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow:
o Item 17 þ Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as
defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). o Yes þ No
INTRODUCTION
In this annual report, unless otherwise indicated, (1) the terms we, us, our company,
our and The9 refer to The9 Limited and its subsidiaries, and, in the context of describing our
operations and risk factors, also includes 9Webzen and our other affiliated PRC entity, (2) the term
9Webzen refers to 9Webzen Limited and its subsidiary, 9Webzen (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., (3) the terms
shares and ordinary shares refer to our ordinary shares, preferred shares refers to our
convertible preferred shares, all of which were converted into our ordinary shares upon the
completion of our initial public offering on December 20, 2004, ADSs refers to our American
Depositary Shares, each of which represents one ordinary share, and ADRs refers to the American
Depositary Receipts, which evidence our ADSs, (4) all share numbers reflect the 2.86-for-1 share
split of our ordinary shares and preferred shares which became effective on November 25, 2004, (5)
China and PRC refer to the Peoples Republic of China, and solely for the purpose of this
annual report, excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau, (6) all references to RMB and Renminbi
are to the legal currency of China and all references to U.S. dollars, dollars, US$ and $
are to the legal currency of the United States, (7) all discrepancies in any table between the
amounts identified as total amounts and the sum of the amounts listed therein are due to rounding;
and (8) all translations from RMB to U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars to RMB in this annual
report were made at a rate of RMB7.2946 to US$1.00, the noon buying rate in effect as of December
31, 2007.
This annual report on Form 20-F includes our audited consolidated statements of operations for
the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, and consolidated balance sheet data as of
December 31, 2006 and 2007.
We and certain selling shareholders of our company completed the initial public offering of
6,075,000 ADSs, each representing one ordinary share, par value US$0.01 per share, on December 20,
2004. On December 15, 2004, we listed our ADSs on the Nasdaq Global Market, or Nasdaq, under the
symbol NCTY.
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This annual report on Form 20-F contains statements of a forward-looking nature. These
statements are made under the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995. You can identify these forward-looking statements by terminology such as
may, will, expects, anticipates, future, intend, plan, believe, estimate, is/are
likely to or other and similar expressions. The accuracy of these statements may be impacted by a
number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those
projected or anticipated. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the
following:
|
|
|
our ability to retain existing users and attract new users for the World of
Warcraft®, or WoW, game; |
|
|
|
|
our ability to successfully renew the license agreement granting our subsidiary
exclusive rights to operate WoW in China; |
|
|
|
|
our ability to successfully launch and operate additional online games licensed by
us in China; |
|
|
|
|
our ability to license, develop or acquire additional online games that are
attractive to users; |
|
|
|
|
the maintenance and expansion of our relationships with online game developers,
including our existing licensors; |
|
|
|
|
uncertainties in and the timeliness of obtaining necessary governmental approvals
and licenses for operating any new online game; |
|
|
|
|
risks inherent in the online game business; |
|
|
|
|
risks associated with our future acquisitions and investments; |
|
|
|
|
our ability to compete successfully against our competitors; |
1
|
|
|
risks associated with our corporate structure and the regulatory environment in
China; and |
|
|
|
|
other risks outlined in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or
the SEC, including this annual report on Form 20-F. |
These risks are not exhaustive. We operate in an emerging and evolving environment. New risk
factors emerge from time to time and it is impossible for our management to predict all risk
factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any
factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those
contained in any forward-looking statements.
We would like to caution you not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements and you
should read these statements in conjunction with the risk factors disclosed in Item 3 of this
annual report, Key Information Risk Factors. We do not undertake any obligation to update
forward-looking statements except as required under applicable law.
2
PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not Applicable.
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not Applicable.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
A. Selected Financial Data
The following table presents selected consolidated financial information for our company. You
should read the following information in conjunction with Item 5, Operating and Financial Review
and Prospects, below. The selected consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended
December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December
31, 2006 and 2007 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and should
be read in conjunction with those statements, which are included in this annual report beginning on
page F-1. The selected consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31,
2003 and 2004 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2003, 2004 and
2005 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are not included
in this annual report.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2003 |
|
2004 |
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
(in thousands, except for per share and per ADS data) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statement of
Operation Data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
17,268 |
|
|
|
36,636 |
|
|
|
489,191 |
|
|
|
1,038,328 |
|
|
|
1,350,129 |
|
|
|
185,086 |
|
Sales taxes |
|
|
(883 |
) |
|
|
(1,913 |
) |
|
|
(24,164 |
) |
|
|
(52,502 |
) |
|
|
(70,522 |
) |
|
|
(9,668 |
) |
Net revenues |
|
|
16,385 |
|
|
|
34,723 |
|
|
|
465,027 |
|
|
|
985,826 |
|
|
|
1,279,607 |
|
|
|
175,418 |
|
Cost of services |
|
|
(6,492 |
) |
|
|
(9,139 |
) |
|
|
(240,416 |
) |
|
|
(524,032 |
) |
|
|
(700,047 |
) |
|
|
(95,968 |
) |
Gross profit |
|
|
9,893 |
|
|
|
25,584 |
|
|
|
224,611 |
|
|
|
461,794 |
|
|
|
579,560 |
|
|
|
79,450 |
|
Operating expenses |
|
|
(15,930 |
) |
|
|
(35,347 |
) |
|
|
(164,898 |
) |
|
|
(191,639 |
) |
|
|
(343,695 |
) |
|
|
(47,116 |
) |
(Loss) profit from operations |
|
|
(6,037 |
) |
|
|
(9,763 |
) |
|
|
59,713 |
|
|
|
270,155 |
|
|
|
235,865 |
|
|
|
32,334 |
|
Interest (expenses) income, net |
|
|
(1,381 |
) |
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
10,022 |
|
|
|
9,136 |
|
|
|
50,656 |
|
|
|
6,944 |
|
Other income (expense), net |
|
|
165 |
|
|
|
15,792 |
|
|
|
14,467 |
|
|
|
28,417 |
|
|
|
(30,054 |
) |
|
|
(4,120 |
) |
(Loss) income before income
tax benefit (expense), gain on
investment disposal,
impairment loss on investment,
profit (loss) on equity
investments and minority
interests |
|
|
(7,253 |
) |
|
|
6,110 |
|
|
|
84,202 |
|
|
|
307,708 |
|
|
|
256,467 |
|
|
|
35,158 |
|
Income tax benefit (expense) |
|
|
5,850 |
|
|
|
(5,073 |
) |
|
|
(168 |
) |
|
|
2,670 |
|
|
|
(9,269 |
) |
|
|
(1,271 |
) |
(Loss) income before gain on
investment disposal,
impairment loss on investment,
profit (loss) on equity
investments and minority
interests |
|
|
(1,403 |
) |
|
|
1,037 |
|
|
|
84,034 |
|
|
|
310,378 |
|
|
|
247,198 |
|
|
|
33,887 |
|
Gain on investment disposal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,716 |
|
|
|
23,409 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment loss on investment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(20,402 |
) |
|
|
(627 |
) |
|
|
(86 |
) |
Profit
(loss) on equity
investments, net of taxes |
|
|
49,877 |
|
|
|
16,571 |
|
|
|
(13,737 |
) |
|
|
(908 |
) |
|
|
(5,679 |
) |
|
|
(778 |
) |
Minority interests |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,871 |
|
|
|
(4,541 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
48,474 |
|
|
|
24,479 |
|
|
|
72,472 |
|
|
|
312,477 |
|
|
|
240,892 |
|
|
|
33,023 |
|
Net income attributable to
ordinary shareholders |
|
|
31,699 |
|
|
|
12,047 |
|
|
|
72,472 |
|
|
|
312,477 |
|
|
|
240,892 |
|
|
|
33,023 |
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For
the Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2003 |
|
2004 |
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
(in thousands, except for per share and per ADS data) |
Earnings per share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Basic |
|
|
3.21 |
|
|
|
1.17 |
|
|
|
3.00 |
|
|
|
12.78 |
|
|
|
8.79 |
|
|
|
1.20 |
|
- Diluted |
|
|
1.94 |
|
|
|
0.87 |
|
|
|
2.92 |
|
|
|
12.72 |
|
|
|
8.72 |
|
|
|
1.19 |
|
Earnings per ADS(2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Basic |
|
|
3.21 |
|
|
|
1.17 |
|
|
|
3.00 |
|
|
|
12.78 |
|
|
|
8.79 |
|
|
|
1.20 |
|
- Diluted |
|
|
1.94 |
|
|
|
0.87 |
|
|
|
2.92 |
|
|
|
12.72 |
|
|
|
8.72 |
|
|
|
1.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As
of December 31, |
|
|
2003 |
|
2004 |
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
(in thousands, except for per share and per ADS data) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
62,766 |
|
|
|
793,405 |
|
|
|
488,245 |
|
|
|
937,846 |
|
|
|
2,215,282 |
|
|
|
303,688 |
|
Non-current assets |
|
|
60,801 |
|
|
|
171,565 |
|
|
|
602,744 |
|
|
|
537,492 |
|
|
|
831,342 |
|
|
|
113,967 |
|
Total assets |
|
|
155,798 |
|
|
|
1,026,595 |
|
|
|
1,213,735 |
|
|
|
1,624,585 |
|
|
|
3,246,101 |
|
|
|
445,001 |
|
Total current liabilities |
|
|
134,210 |
|
|
|
149,265 |
|
|
|
271,750 |
|
|
|
288,427 |
|
|
|
440,011 |
|
|
|
60,320 |
|
Minority interests |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,165 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series A
convertible preferred shares(3) |
|
|
34,242 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
shareholders (deficit) equity |
|
|
(12,654 |
) |
|
|
865,165 |
|
|
|
941,985 |
|
|
|
1,336,158 |
|
|
|
2,806,090 |
|
|
|
384,681 |
|
Total liabilities and shareholders
equity |
|
|
155,798 |
|
|
|
1,026,595 |
|
|
|
1,213,735 |
|
|
|
1,624,585 |
|
|
|
3,246,101 |
|
|
|
445,001 |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Translation from RMB amounts into U.S. dollars was made at a rate of RMB7.2946 to US$1.00.
See Exchange Rate Information. |
|
(2) |
|
Each ADS represents one ordinary share. |
|
(3) |
|
Series A convertible preferred shares were not included as part of shareholders equity as
such shares were redeemable at the option of the holders thereof. |
Exchange Rate Information
Our business is primarily conducted in China and almost all of our revenues are denominated in
RMB. This annual report contains translations of RMB amounts into U.S. dollars based on the noon
buying rate in the city of New York for cable transfers of RMB, as certified for customs purposes
by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. For your convenience, this annual report contains
translations of some RMB or U.S. dollar amounts for 2007 at US$1.00: RMB7.2946, which was the noon
buying rate in effect as of December 31, 2007. The prevailing rate at June 25, 2008 was US$1.00:
RMB6.8653. We make no representation that any RMB or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could
be, converted into U.S. dollars or RMB, as the case may be, at any particular rate, the rates
stated below, or at all. The PRC government imposes control over its foreign currency reserves in
part through direct regulation of the conversion of RMB into foreign currency and through
restrictions on foreign exchange activities.
The following table sets forth information concerning exchange rates between the RMB and the
U.S. dollar for the periods indicated. These rates are provided solely for your convenience and
are not necessarily the exchange rates that we used in this annual report or will use in the
preparation of our other periodic reports or any other information to be provided to you. The
source of these rates is the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noon Buying Rate |
Period |
|
Period End |
|
Average (1) |
|
Low |
|
High |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(RMB per US$1.00) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 |
|
|
8.2800 |
|
|
|
8.2770 |
|
|
|
8.2800 |
|
|
|
8.2669 |
|
2003 |
|
|
8.2767 |
|
|
|
8.2772 |
|
|
|
8.2800 |
|
|
|
8.2765 |
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noon Buying Rate |
Period |
|
Period End |
|
Average (1) |
|
Low |
|
High |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(RMB per US$1.00) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 |
|
|
8.2765 |
|
|
|
8.2768 |
|
|
|
8.2771 |
|
|
|
8.2765 |
|
2005 |
|
|
8.0702 |
|
|
|
8.1826 |
|
|
|
8.2765 |
|
|
|
8.0702 |
|
2006 |
|
|
7.8041 |
|
|
|
7.9723 |
|
|
|
8.0702 |
|
|
|
7.8041 |
|
2007 |
|
|
7.2946 |
|
|
|
7.5806 |
|
|
|
7.8127 |
|
|
|
7.2946 |
|
December 2007 |
|
|
7.2946 |
|
|
|
7.3682 |
|
|
|
7.4120 |
|
|
|
7.2946 |
|
2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 2008 |
|
|
7.1818 |
|
|
|
7.2405 |
|
|
|
7.2946 |
|
|
|
7.1818 |
|
February 2008 |
|
|
7.1115 |
|
|
|
7.1644 |
|
|
|
7.1973 |
|
|
|
7.1100 |
|
March 2008 |
|
|
7.0120 |
|
|
|
7.0722 |
|
|
|
7.1110 |
|
|
|
7.0105 |
|
April 2008 |
|
|
6.9870 |
|
|
|
6.9997 |
|
|
|
7.0185 |
|
|
|
6.9840 |
|
May 2008 |
|
|
6.9400 |
|
|
|
6.9725 |
|
|
|
7.0000 |
|
|
|
6.9377 |
|
June 2008 (through June 25) |
|
|
6.8653 |
|
|
|
6.9057 |
|
|
|
6.9633 |
|
|
|
6.8653 |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Annual averages are calculated from month-end rates. Monthly averages are calculated using
the average of the daily rates during the relevant period. |
B. |
|
Capitalization and Indebtedness |
|
|
|
Not Applicable. |
|
C. |
|
Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds |
|
|
|
Not Applicable. |
|
D. |
|
Risk Factors |
Risks Related to Our Company
Our limited relevant operating history and the unproven long-term potential of our online game
business model make evaluating our business and prospects difficult.
We began to offer our self-developed online virtual community game, the9 City, in 2000 and
commenced the distribution and operation of MU, our first massively multiplayer online role playing
game, or MMORPG, in China in February 2003. We launched five additional MMORPGs, including Mystina
Online, WoW, Joyful Journey West (JJW), Soul of The Ultimate Nation and Granado Espada in China
in February 2005, June 2005, September 2006, May 2007 and November 2007, respectively. As a
result, we have limited relevant operating history upon which to evaluate our business. It is also
difficult to evaluate our prospective business, because we may not have sufficient experience to
address the risks frequently encountered by early stage companies using new and unproven business
models and entering new and rapidly evolving markets, including the online game market. These
risks may include our potential failure to:
|
|
|
retain existing customers and attract new customers; |
|
|
|
|
successfully launch and operate new online games licensed by us; |
|
|
|
|
license and maintain licensing rights, acquire or develop additional online games
that are appealing to customers; |
|
|
|
|
anticipate and adapt to changing consumer preferences; |
|
|
|
|
adapt to competitive market conditions; |
|
|
|
|
timely respond to technological changes or resolve unexpected network delays or
interruptions; |
|
|
|
|
adequately and efficiently operate, upgrade and develop our transaction and service
platform; or |
5
|
|
|
maintain adequate control of our expenses. |
If we are unsuccessful in addressing any of the risks listed above, our results of operations
may be materially and adversely affected.
As we expect that WoW will continue to comprise most of our revenues in the near future, any
adverse developments relating to WoW may materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
In February 2004, our subsidiary, China The9 Interactive Limited, or C9I, obtained an
exclusive four-year license to operate WoW in China from Vivendi Universal Games Inc., or VUG, and
we commercially launched WoW in China in June 2005. 99% and 92% of our total revenues in 2006 and
2007, respectively, were attributable to the operation of WoW in China, including game play time,
merchandise sales and other related revenues. We expect to continue to depend on WoW for most of
our revenue in the near future.
In order to maximize the life span of a game, which we believe is typically four to five years
for successful online games or two to three years for most other online games, it is necessary to
continuously enhance, expand or upgrade the game with new features. We do not have any control
over VUGs product development. As WoWs remaining economic life shortens, we will need to rely on
other games to generate more revenues and to develop, license or acquire new games. If we are
unable to do so, our future revenues will decline. In addition, any reduction in the user fees we
charge to WoW game players as a result of intensifying competition or other factors, any breach of
game-related software security, prolonged server delays, interruption due to network failure,
illegal server activities, hacking or any other adverse developments relating to WoW, could
materially and adversely affect our future results of operations.
We have invested and plan to continue to invest a significant amount of financial and
personnel resources in operating WoW in China. While WoW generated significant revenue in 2007
with more than 38 million activated user accounts as of December 31, 2007, we cannot assure you
that WoW will continue to attract as many users as are required for our operation on a commercially
viable basis. We have made significant financial commitments in connection with the licensing and
operating of WoW in China. We are obligated to pay royalties equal to 22% of the face value of WoW
prepaid cards and online points and either 37.7% or 39% of the face value of the CD-Keys sold by us
by making recoupable advances against royalty payments in an aggregate amount of approximately
US$51.3 million over a four-year period commencing from the games commercial launch in June 2005.
We are also obligated to commit a portion of the revenue from WoW for the marketing and promotion
of WoW in China during the four-year license period. If we lose our exclusive WoW license for
failing to meet our financial obligations or for other reasons, or if we are unable to generate
revenues from WoW exceeding the amount of operating costs and expenses incurred in connection with
WoW, our future results of operations will be materially and adversely affected.
If we are unable to renew our licensing rights for WoW or cannot do so on terms favorable to us our
future results of operations may suffer.
The license between VUG and our
subsidiary, C9I, making C9I the exclusive operator of WoW in
China will expire on June 7, 2009. Since the launch of WoW in June 2005, we have derived
substantially all of our revenues from WoW. If we are unable to renew this license or if we are
only able to do so on terms substantially less favorable to us, our future results of operations
will be materially adversely affected. We intend to vigorously pursue negotiations for the renewal
of the WoW license, which negotiations are currently underway.
If we are unable to maintain a satisfactory relationship with Blizzard or any other online game
developer that has licensed a game to us, our future results of operations or the growth of our
business may suffer.
If we are unable to maintain a satisfactory relationship with Blizzard or any other online
game developer that has licensed a game to us, or if Blizzard or any of our other online game
licensors either establishes similar or more favorable relationships with our competitors in
violation of its contractual arrangements with us or otherwise, our operating results and our
business would be harmed, because our business depends significantly upon our exclusive licenses to
operate WoW and other online games in China. While we have obtained from Blizzard the
6
right to operate the Burning Crusade and the Wrath of the Lich King, two expansion packs for
the WoW game, we cannot assure you that Blizzard or any of our other online game licensors will
renew its license agreement with us, or grant us an exclusive license for any new online games that
it may develop or make expansion packs for existing games available to us in the future. Any
deterioration in our relationship with Blizzard or any of our other online game licensors could
harm our future results of operations or the growth of our business.
We have incurred net losses in the past and may experience earnings declines or net losses in the
future.
We incurred net losses in the first half of 2005. Although we have achieved a net profit
since the second half of 2005 as a result of the commercial launch of WoW in China, we cannot
assure you that we can avoid net losses in the future or that there will not be any earnings or
revenue declines for any future quarter or other period. We expect that our operating expenses
will increase as we incur additional expenditures in connection with our operation of WoW and other
new games in China. As a result, any decrease or delay in generating more revenues could result in
material operating losses and cause the market price of our ADSs to decline.
Illegal game servers, unauthorized character enhancements and other infringements of our
intellectual property rights, as well as theft of in-game goods, could harm our business and
reputation and materially and adversely affect our results of operation.
With the increase in the number of online game players in China, we have faced the risks of
illegal game servers, unauthorized character enhancements and other infringements of our
intellectual property rights as well as the risk of theft of in-game goods purchased by our
customers. Our historical results of operations prior to our commercial launch of WoW in China
were materially and adversely affected by illegal game servers. Although we have adopted a number
of measures to address illegal server usage, misappropriation of our game server installation
software and the establishment of illegal game servers could harm our business and reputation and
materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
From time to time, we have detected a number of players who have gained an unfair advantage by
installing cheating tools to facilitate character progression. In response to these activities, we
have expanded our customer service team dedicated to detecting unauthorized character enhancements.
We also require that WoW game players purchase mandatory CD-Keys in order to play the game, which
we believe reduces the number of unauthorized characters by preventing players from using cheating
tools. In addition, we have installed software patches designed to prevent unauthorized
modifications to our execution files. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to
identify and eliminate new illegal game servers, unauthorized character enhancements or other
infringements of our intellectual property rights in a timely manner, or at all. The deletion of
unauthorized character enhancements requires the affected players to restart with a new character
from the starting level, and may result in some of these players ceasing to play the game
altogether. In addition, any of our new games may be affected by similar or other infringement of
our intellectual property rights. If we are unable to eliminate illegal servers, unauthorized
character enhancements or suffer other infringement of our intellectual property rights, our
players perception of the reliability of our games may be negatively impacted, which may reduce
the number of players using our games, shorten the life span of our games or adversely affect our
results of operations.
Undetected programming errors or flaws in our games could harm our reputation or decrease market
acceptance of our games, which would materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
Our games may contain errors or flaws, which may only be discovered after their release,
particularly as we launch new games or introduce new features to existing games under tight time
constraints. If our games contain programming errors or other flaws, our customers may be less
inclined to continue or resume playing our games or recommend our games to other potential
customers, and may switch to our competitors games. Undetected programming errors and game
defects can disrupt our operations, adversely affect the game experience of our users, harm our
reputation, cause our customers to stop playing our games, divert our resources and delay market
acceptance of our games, any of which could materially and adversely affect our results of
operations.
We may not be able to prevent others from infringing upon our intellectual property rights, which
may harm our business and expose us to litigation.
7
We regard our proprietary software, domain names, trade names, trade marks and similar
intellectual properties as critical to our success. Intellectual property rights and
confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States or other
countries. Monitoring and preventing the unauthorized use of proprietary technology is difficult
and expensive. The steps we have taken may be inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of our
proprietary technology. Any misappropriation could have a negative effect on our business and
operating results. We may need to resort to court proceedings to enforce our intellectual property
rights in the future. Litigation relating to our intellectual property might result in substantial
costs and diversion of resources and management attention away from our business. See Item 3, Key
Information Risk Factors Risks Related to Doing Business in China Uncertainties with
respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.
If we are unable to license, develop or acquire additional online games, our future revenues and
profitability will decline.
In order for our business strategy to succeed over time, we will need to license, acquire or
develop new online games that are attractive to users. To achieve this, we will need to anticipate
and effectively adapt to rapidly changing consumer tastes and preferences and technological
advances. Also, in order to maintain the life span of our new online games, which we believe is
typically four to five years for successful online games or two to three years for most other
online games, we need to continue to develop and release upgrades to our new online games. We
cannot assure you that we will be able to identify appropriate games or enter into arrangements
with those game developers to offer these games in China, on terms acceptable to us or at all, or
that we can maintain the expected life span of our new online games. We do not have a proven track
record in developing proprietary MMORPGs, from which we derive a significant portion of our
profits. If we are not able to license, develop or acquire additional attractive online games with
lasting appeal to users, our future revenues and profitability will decline.
We face the risks of changing consumer preferences and uncertainty about market acceptance of our
new products.
Online games are a new and evolving entertainment concept in Asia, particularly in China. The
level of demand and market acceptance of our online games are subject to a high degree of
uncertainty. This uncertainty is particularly relevant in our current situation because we are
relying on a single MMORPG for substantially all of our revenues. Our future operating results
will depend on numerous factors beyond our control. These factors include:
|
|
|
the popularity of WoW and other new online games operated by us; |
|
|
|
|
Blizzards timely upgrades of WoW to extend WoWs life span and to maintain WoWs
competitive position in the online game market in China; |
|
|
|
|
the introduction of new online games, competing with or replacing our existing
online games; |
|
|
|
|
general economic conditions, particularly economic conditions adversely affecting
discretionary consumer spending; |
|
|
|
|
changes in customer tastes and preferences; |
|
|
|
|
the availability of other forms of entertainment; |
|
|
|
|
critical reviews and public tastes and preferences, all of which change rapidly and
cannot be predicted; and |
|
|
|
|
the acceptance by customers of the purchase of in-game items. |
Our ability to plan for product development and distribution and promotional activities will
be significantly affected by our ability to anticipate and adapt to relatively rapid changes in
consumer tastes and preferences. Currently, one of the most popular types of online games in China
is the MMORPG. However, there is no assurance that MMORPGs will continue to be popular in China or
that their popularity will not be surpassed by new and
8
different types of online or other games in the future. A decline in the popularity of online
games in general or the MMORPGs that we operate will likely adversely affect our business and
prospects.
In addition, we expect that as we introduce new MMORPGs, a certain portion of our existing
customers will switch to the new games. If this transfer of players from our existing games
exceeds our expectations, we may have to adjust our marketing, pricing and other business plans
and, as a result, our growth and profitability could be materially and adversely affected.
We may not be able to maintain our market share and profitability as we operate in a highly
competitive industry and compete against many companies.
There are currently over 100 online game operators in China. We expect that, given the
relatively low barriers to entry, more companies will enter the online game industry in China and a
wider range of online games will be introduced to the Chinese market. Our competitors vary in size
and include large companies, many of which have significantly greater financial, marketing and game
development resources and name recognition than we have, such as Shanda Interactive Entertainment
Limited, Netease.com, Inc., Perfect World, Co. Ltd., and Giant Interactive Group. As a result, we
may not be able to devote adequate resources to designing, developing or acquiring new games,
undertaking extensive marketing campaigns, adopting aggressive pricing policies, paying high
compensation to game developers or compensating independent game developers to the same degree as
certain of our competitors. Our competitors may introduce new business methods, such as charging
customers a flat user fee. If these new business methods are more attractive to customers than the
business methods we currently use, our customers may switch to our competitors games, and we may
lose market share. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against any
new or existing competitors, or against any new business methods implemented by them. In addition,
the increased competition we anticipate in the online game industry may also reduce the number of
our users or the growth rate of our user base, reduce the average number of hours played by our
users, or cause us to reduce usage fees. All of these competitive factors could adversely affect
our operational success, cash flows, operating margins and profitability.
Future acquisitions may have an adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.
Selective acquisitions form a part of our strategy to further expand our business. We believe
that integration of a new companys operations and personnel into ours will require significant
attention of our management. The diversion of our managements attention away from our business
and any difficulties encountered in the integration process could have an adverse effect on our
ability to manage our business.
We intend to selectively acquire companies, technologies and personnel that are complementary
to our existing business. Our ability to grow through future acquisitions, investments or organic
means will depend on the availability of suitable acquisition and investment candidates at an
acceptable cost, our ability to compete effectively to attract these candidates, and the
availability of financing to complete larger acquisitions. We may face significant competition in
acquiring new businesses or companies, which may hinder the execution of our growth strategy.
Future acquisitions or investments could result in a potential dilutive issuance of equity
securities or the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities or amortization expenses related to
goodwill and other intangible assets, any of which could adversely affect our financial condition
and results of operations. The benefits of an acquisition or investment may also take considerable
time to develop and we cannot be certain that any particular acquisition or investment will produce
its intended benefits. Future acquisitions would also expose us to potential risks, including
risks associated with the assimilation of new operations, technologies and personnel, unforeseen or
hidden liabilities, the diversion of resources from our existing businesses, sites and
technologies, the inability to generate sufficient revenue to offset the costs and expenses of
acquisitions, and potential loss of, or harm to, our relationships with employees, customers,
licensors and other suppliers as a result of the integration of new businesses.
Future equity investments may have an adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.
Selective equity investments form a part of our strategy to further expand our business. To
date, we have acquired equity interests in C9I, to become
its sole shareholder, Ideas Corporation and G10 Entertainment
Corporation (G10). Equity investments create a unique problem in that they limit our ability to
manage the products and strategy of the companies in which we invest. The diversion of our
managements attention away from our business and any
9
difficulties encountered in managing our interests in investees could have an adverse effect
on our ability to manage our business.
We may need additional financing and we may not be able to obtain it on terms acceptable to us, or
at all.
We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents and cash flow from operations will be
sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for the foreseeable future. We may, however, require
additional cash resources due to changes in business conditions or other future developments,
including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. We have made significant
financial commitments under the license agreements with the licensors of the MMORPGs operated by
us. If our resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek additional
financing in the form of additional sales of our shares, issuance of debt securities or through
obtaining a credit facility. These forms of financing may result in dilution to our shareholders
or increased debt service obligations, and could result in operating and financing covenants that
would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that any such future financing will be
available to us in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
Our sale of a significant number of equity shares to third parties may have an adverse effect on
our ability to manage our business, and subsequent sales of large shareholdings by third parties
may impact our share price.
In May 2007 we sold a 15% interest in our ordinary shares to Electronic Arts Inc., which EA
was not able to freely dispose of until May 2008. We believe that our current cash and cash
equivalents and cash flow from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for
the foreseeable future. We may, however, require additional cash resources due to changes in
business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may
decide to pursue. The sale of a significant number of equity shares to a third party may have an
adverse impact on our ability to manage our business, and the subsequent sale of a large equity
shareholding by such a third party may impact our share price.
Any failure to maintain a stable and efficient distribution network could materially and adversely
affect our business and results of operations.
Online payment systems in China are at an early stage of development and are not as widely
available or acceptable to consumers in China as in the United States and other developed
countries. See Item 3, Key Information Risk Factors Risk Related to Doing Business in China
The laws and regulations governing the online game industry in China are developing and subject
to future changes. If we fail to obtain or maintain all applicable permits and approvals, our
business and operations would be materially and adversely affected. As a result, we rely heavily
on a distribution network composed of third party distributors for the sale of our game playing
time to end users. We do not have long-term agreements with any of our distributors, and cannot
assure you that we will continue to maintain favorable relationships with them. If we fail to
maintain a stable and efficient distribution network, our business and results of operations could
be materially and adversely affected.
We rely on services from third parties to carry out our businesses and to deliver our prepaid cards
to customers, and if there is any interruption or deterioration in the quality of these services,
our customers may cease using our products and services.
We rely on distributors throughout China to sell prepaid online playing time for our MMORPGs.
Also, we rely on third-party licenses for some of the software underlying our technology platform
as well as China Telecoms Internet data centers to host our servers. See Item 4, Information on
the Company Business Overview Pricing, Distribution and Marketing. Any interruption in our
ability to obtain the services of these or other third parties or deterioration in their
performance could impair the timeliness and quality of our services. Furthermore, if our
arrangements with any of these third parties are terminated or modified against our interest, we
may not be able to find alternative channels of distribution on a timely basis or on terms
favorable to us. If any of these events occurs, our customers may cease using our products and
services.
We obtain WoW playing time information from a third party and use that information in connection
with our recognition of revenues from the sale of WoW playing time in China.
10
We obtain WoW playing time information from a third party and use that information in
connection with our recognition of revenues from the sale of WoW playing time in China. Since June
2005, substantially all of our revenues have been generated from our sale of WoW playing time in
China. We sell game playing time primarily through the sales of prepaid cards and prepaid online
points to distributors, who in turn sell them to our customers who play our games. Prepaid fees
received from distributors for sales of game cards and online points are recognized as revenue
mainly upon the customers actual use of game playing time. VUG maintains the systems that record
and track the time that our customers spend playing the WoW game on our behalf. We are provided
with data on customers actual usage of WoW playing time by VUG, and use that data in connection
with our recognition of revenues from the sale of WoW playing time in China. We do not have direct
access to the systems maintained by VUG. If VUG suffers any data loss or miscalculates the time
our customers spend playing the WoW game, our results of operation may be adversely affected.
Unexpected network interruptions caused by system failures or other internal or external factors
may lead to user attrition, revenue reductions and may harm our reputation.
Any failure to maintain the satisfactory performance, reliability, security and availability
of our network infrastructure may cause significant harm to our reputation and our ability to
attract and maintain users. The system hardware for our operations is located in several cities in
China. We maintain backup system hardware in Shanghai, Shenzhen, Chengdu and Beijing. Any server
interruptions, breakdowns or system failures in the cities where we maintain our system hardware,
including failures that may be attributable to sustained power shutdowns, or other events within or
outside our control that could result in a sustained shutdown of all or a material portion of our
services, could adversely impact our ability to service our users.
Our network systems are also vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, fire, flood, power
loss, telecommunications failures, computer hacking and similar events. We do not maintain
insurance policies covering losses relating to our systems and we do not have business interruption
insurance.
Our business may be harmed if our technology becomes obsolete or if our system infrastructure fails
to operate effectively.
The online game industry is subject to rapid technological change. We need to anticipate the
emergence of new technologies and games, assess their acceptance and make appropriate investments.
If we are unable to do so, new technologies in online game programming or operations could render
WoW or other games obsolete or unattractive.
We use internally developed Pass9 and other software systems that support nearly all aspects
of our billing and payment transactions. Our business may be harmed if we are unable to upgrade
our systems fast enough to accommodate future traffic levels, avoid obsolescence or successfully
integrate any newly developed or acquired technology with our existing systems. Capacity
constraints could cause unanticipated system disruptions and slower response times, affecting data
transmission and game play. These factors could, among other things, cause us to lose existing or
potential customers and existing or potential game developer partners.
Our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected if our licensors cannot prevail
on future intellectual property rights claims brought against them by third parties.
We expect to continue to derive substantially all of our revenues and profits from WoW and
other licensed online games in the near future. Any of our licensors may be subject to
intellectual property rights claims with respect to the online game it licensed to us. If any of
our licensors cannot prevail on the intellectual property rights claims brought against it, we
would lose our license from such licensor and may not be able to obtain the license from the
legitimate owner of the game, and our results of operations could be materially and adversely
affected.
11
We have
been and may be subject to future intellectual property rights claims
or other claims, which
could result in substantial costs and diversion of our financial and management resources away from
our business.
There is no assurance that our online games or other content posted on our websites do not or
will not infringe upon patents, valid copyrights or other intellectual property rights held by
third parties. We may be subject to legal proceedings and claims from time to time relating to the
intellectual property of others in the future. In addition, some of our employees were previously
employed at other companies including our current and potential competitors. We also intend to
hire additional personnel to expand our product development and technical support teams. To the
extent these employees have been involved in research at our company similar to research in which
they have been involved at their former employers, we may become subject to claims that such
employees may have used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information of their former
employers. In addition, our competitors may file lawsuits against us in order to gain an unfair
competitive advantage over us. We are currently awaiting an initial hearing date for a lawsuit
filed by Beijing Founder Electronics Co., Ltd. (Founder) alleging that WoW client installation
packages sold in 2007 contained fonts that infringe Founders intellectual property rights.
Although we are not aware of any pending or threatened claims other than the Founder claim, if any
such claim arises in the future, litigation or other dispute resolution proceedings may be
necessary to retain our ability to offer our current and future games, which could result in
substantial costs and diversion of our financial and management resources. Furthermore, if we are
found to have violated the intellectual property rights of others, we may be enjoined from using
such intellectual property rights, incur additional costs to license or develop alternative games
and be forced to pay fines and damages, any of which may materially and adversely affect our
business and results of operations.
We experience fluctuations in quarterly operating results.
Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated in the past and will likely fluctuate in the
future. These fluctuations in operating results depend on a variety of factors, including the
demand for our products and the products of our competitors, the level of usage of illegal game
servers, the level of usage of the Internet, the size and rate of growth of the online game market,
development and promotional expenses related to the introduction of new products, network
interruptions and other system problems and recurrence of SARS or the outbreaks of any other
contagious diseases such as avian flu. In addition, because our game software is susceptible to
unauthorized character enhancements, we may periodically delete characters that are enhanced with
unauthorized modifications. This has caused some affected customers to stop playing the game,
which, in the aggregate, may cause our operating results to fluctuate.
As an online game operator, our revenues in any quarter are substantially dependent on the
amount of game playing time spent by our customers in that quarter. To a significant degree, our
operating expenses are based on planned expenditures and our expectations regarding prospective
customer usage. Failure to meet our expectations could disproportionately and adversely affect our
operating results in any given quarter. As a result, we believe that period-to-period comparisons
of operating results are not necessarily indicative of our future results.
Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives, and our
business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.
Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives. We
rely on their expertise in business operations, technology support and sales and marketing and on
their relationships with our shareholders, distributors and relevant government authorities. We do
not maintain key-man life insurance for any of our key executives. If one or more of our key
executives are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may not be able to
replace them easily or at all. As a result, our business may be severely disrupted, our financial
condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected, and we may incur
additional expense to recruit and train personnel.
In January 2008, we announced the resignation of Hannah Lee, our Senior Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer. Tony Tse, who took on the role of Chief Financial Officer after Ms. Lees
resignation, resigned from this position for personal and family reasons effective July 2008.
George Lai has been appointed Chief Financial Officer of our company and will assume
responsibilities in July 2008. Continued turnover of this position, or of any other executive
office, may disrupt our business operations, financial condition and results operations.
12
Each of our executive officers has entered into an employment agreement with us, which
contains confidentiality and non-competition provisions. If any disputes arise between our
executive officers and us, we cannot assure you the extent to which any of these agreements could
be enforced in China, where these executive officers reside and hold most of their assets, in light
of uncertainties with the PRC legal system. See Item 3, Key Information Risk Factors Risks
Related to Doing Business in China Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could
adversely affect us.
If we are unable to attract, train and retain key individuals and highly skilled employees, our
business may be adversely affected.
If our business continues to expand, we will need to hire and retain additional qualified
employees, including skilled and experienced online game developers. Since our industry is
characterized by high demand and intense competition for talent, we may need to offer higher
compensation and other benefits in order to retain key personnel in the future. We cannot assure
you that we will be able to attract or retain the qualified game developers or other key personnel
that we will need to achieve our business objectives. In addition, as we are still a relatively
young company and our business has grown rapidly since our establishment, our ability to train and
integrate new employees into our operations may not meet the increasing demands of our business.
PRC laws and regulations, including the New MII Notice issued in July 2006, restrict foreign
ownership of the Internet content provision, Internet culture operation and Internet publishing
licenses, and substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the application and implementation of
PRC laws and regulations.
We are a Cayman Islands company and, as such, we are classified as a foreign enterprise under
PRC laws. Various regulations in China currently restrict foreign or foreign-owned entities from
holding certain licenses required in China to provide online games over the Internet, including
Internet content provision, or ICP, Internet culture operation and Internet publishing licenses.
In light of such restrictions, we rely on Shanghai The9 Information Technology Co., Ltd. (formerly
known as Shanghai Jiucheng Information Technology Co., Ltd.), or Shanghai IT, to hold and maintain
the licenses necessary for online games in China. Shanghai IT is a PRC company owned by Jun Zhu
and Yong Wang, who are our Chief Executive Officer and Vice President, respectively.
In July 2006, the Ministry of Information Industry (which has subsequently been reorganized as
the Ministry of Industry and Information), or MII, issued a notice, or the New MII Notice, which
prohibits ICP license holders from leasing, transferring or selling a telecommunications business
operating license to any foreign investors in any form, or providing any resource, sites or
facilities to any foreign investors for their illegal operation of telecommunications business in
China. The notice also requires that ICP license holders and their shareholders directly own the
domain names and trademarks used by such ICP license holders in their daily operations. The notice
further requires each ICP license holder to have the necessary facilities for its approved business
operations and to maintain such facilities in the regions covered by its license. In addition, all
value-added telecommunication service providers are required to maintain network and information
security in accordance with the standards set forth under relevant PRC regulations. The local
authorities in charge of telecommunications services are required to ensure that existing ICP
license holders will conduct a self-assessment of their compliance with the New MII Notice and to
submit status reports to the MII before November 1, 2006. Since the New MII Notice was issued, we
have transferred to Shanghai IT almost all of the domain names used in its daily operations and
certain trademarks used in its daily operations, as required under the New MII Notice. All
relevant transfers have been completed and relevant approvals have been obtained. If we or
Shanghai IT are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations,
including the New MII Notice, the relevant governmental authorities, according to the nature of the
violation, would have broad discretion to adopt one or more of the following measures against us,
including levying fines, confiscating our income or the income of Shanghai IT, revoking our
business licenses or the business license and/or other licenses of Shanghai IT, requiring us and
Shanghai IT to restructure our ownership structure or operations, and requiring us or Shanghai IT
to discontinue any portion or all of our operations related to online games. Any of these actions
could cause significant disruption to our business operations and may materially and adversely
affect our business and financial condition and results of operations.
In the opinion of our PRC counsel, Fangda Partners, the ownership structure and the business
operation models of our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entity comply with all
applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, subject to the transfer of certain trademarks to
Shanghai IT as required under the New MII Notice. In
13
addition, no consent, approval or license is required under any of the existing laws and
regulations of China for their ownership structure, businesses and operations except for those
which we have already obtained or which would not have a material adverse effect on our business or
operations as a whole. There are, however, substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation
and application of current or future PRC laws and regulations. Accordingly, we cannot assure you
that PRC government authorities will ultimately take a view that is consistent with the opinion of
our PRC legal counsel.
We could also face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine
that our contractual arrangements with Shanghai IT were not made on reasonable commercial terms or
otherwise. If that happens, they may adjust our income and expenses for PRC tax purposes in the
form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could result in a reduction,
for PRC tax purposes, of adjustments recorded by Shanghai IT, which could adversely affect us by
(i) increasing Shanghai ITs tax liability without reducing our PRC subsidiaries tax liability,
which could further result in late payment fees and other penalties to Shanghai IT for underpaid
taxes; or (ii) limiting Shanghai ITs ability to maintain preferential tax treatments and other
financial incentives.
We depend on Shanghai IT to hold certain operating licenses. If Shanghai IT violates our
contractual arrangements with it, our business could be disrupted and our reputation may be harmed.
Because the PRC government restricts our ownership of Internet content provision, Internet
culture operation and Internet publishing businesses in China, we depend on Shanghai IT, in which
we have no ownership interest, to hold and maintain certain licenses necessary for our business
operations. Our relationship with Shanghai IT is governed by a series of contractual arrangements
that are intended to provide us with effective control over these entities, but these contractual
arrangements may not be as effective in providing control as direct ownership of these businesses.
For example, Shanghai IT could violate its contractual arrangements with us, go bankrupt, suffer
from problems in its business or otherwise become unable to perform its contracts with us and, as a
result, we may lose the licenses required for our online game operations and our reputation and
business could be harmed.
The principal shareholders of Shanghai IT have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may
adversely affect our business.
Our Chief Executive Officer, Jun Zhu, and our Vice President, Yong Wang, are also the
principal shareholders of Shanghai IT. Thus, conflicts of interest between their duties to our
company and Shanghai IT may arise. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise,
these persons will act completely in our interests or that conflicts of interests will be resolved
in our favor. In addition, these persons could violate their non-competition or employment
agreements with us or their legal duties by diverting business opportunities from us to others. In
any such event, we would have to rely on the PRC legal system to enforce these agreements. Any
legal proceeding could result in the disruption of our business, diversion of our resources and the
incurrence of substantial costs. See Item 3, Key Information Risk Factors Risks Related to
Doing Business in China Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely
affect us.
Our subsidiaries in China are subject to restrictions on paying dividends or making other payments.
Current PRC regulations restrict our subsidiaries in China from paying dividends in the
following two principal aspects: (i) our subsidiaries in China are only permitted to pay dividends
out of their respective after-tax profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting
standards and regulations and (ii) these entities are required to allocate at least 10% of their
respective after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserves until the
cumulative total of the allocated reserves reaches 50% of registered capital, and these reserves
are not distributable as cash dividends. See Item 4, Information on the Company Business
Overview Government regulations. Further, if these entities incur debt on their behalf in the
future, the instruments governing such debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make
other payments. Our inability to receive dividends or other payments from our PRC subsidiaries may
adversely affect our ability to continue to grow our business and make cash or other distributions
to the holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs. In addition, failure to comply with relevant State
Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, regulations may restrict the ability of our
subsidiaries to make dividend payments to us. See Item 3, Key Information Risk Factors
Risks Related to Doing Business in China Recent PRC regulations relating to the establishment of
offshore special purpose
14
companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders or us to penalties and
limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary, limit our subsidiarys ability to
increase its registered capital, distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.
The aggregate net assets of all of our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated affiliate entities
not distributable in the form of advances, loans or dividends to us as a result of applicable PRC
regulations and due to our organizational structure was RMB47.1 million, or 3.5%, and RMB100.3
million, or 3.6%, of our total consolidated net assets as of December 31, 2006 and 2007,
respectively. Our subsidiaries in the PRC or consolidated affiliate entities, however, may use
such net assets to make payments to the Company or its shareholders, including payments through
royalty and license fees under the trademark license agreements or certain other contractual
arrangements, subject to the terms and conditions of such agreements and applicable regulations.
We have not currently entered into any such arrangements with our subsidiaries in the PRC or with
our consolidated affiliate entities.
Our business could suffer if we do not successfully manage current growth and potential future
growth.
Our current and anticipated growth has placed and will continue to place a significant strain
on our management, operational, financial and other resources as we expand our operations and
workforce. For example, the total number of our employees has increased from 100 as of December
31, 2001 to approximately 1,361 as of December 31, 2007. In addition, certain of our directors,
officers and employees have only begun to serve our company recently. New personnel must learn our
business and successfully integrate themselves into our company. In addition, we will need to
continue to develop and improve our financial and management controls and our reporting systems and
procedures. We cannot assure you that we will be able to efficiently or effectively manage the
growth of our operations, and any failure to do so may limit our future growth and hamper our
business strategy.
We may not be able to successfully implement our growth strategies.
Our objective is to become a leading provider and developer of multi-platform games in China.
In order to achieve this objective, we are pursuing our 4D business strategy, the four Ds being
(1) Dedicated services for all quality games; (2) Diversifying our portfolio with different genres
and game models; (3) Developing proprietary games; and (4) Delivering enriched interactive
community experience to gamers. Some of these strategies involve the development and marketing of
new services and products for which there are no established markets in China or in which we lack
experience and expertise. As a result, we cannot assure you that we will be able to deliver new
products or services on a commercially viable basis or in a timely manner, or at all, or that we
will be able to successfully implement our other growth strategies. If any of these happen, our
competitiveness may be harmed and our business, financial condition and results of operations may
be materially and adversely affected.
The recurrence of SARS, or similar adverse public health developments in China, may materially and
adversely affect our business and operating results.
In early 2003, several countries in Asia, including China, were affected by the outbreak of
severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS. During the height of the SARS epidemic in the second
quarter of 2003, we experienced a decline in the number of concurrent users of our licensed game MU
in China, which we believe resulted largely from the PRC governments decision to close Internet
cafés in Beijing and elsewhere to prevent the spread of SARS. Most of our online game players can
only access games at Internet cafés. If there is a recurrence of an outbreak of SARS or any
outbreaks of other contagious diseases such as avian flu, it may adversely affect our business and
operating results. Our operations may be impacted by a number of health-related factors,
including, among other things, quarantines or closures of our offices, which could severely disrupt
our operations, the sickness or death of our key officers and employees, closure of Internet cafés
and other public areas where people access the Internet, and a general slowdown in Chinas economy.
Any of the foregoing events or other unforeseen consequences of public health problems could
adversely affect our business and results of operations. We have not adopted any preventive
measures or contingency plans to ensure the safety of employees and minimize disruptions or other
adverse effects on our operations that may occur due to any outbreaks of contagious diseases such
as SARS or avian flu in China.
Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fires, floods and other natural catastrophic
events.
15
A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, fire or flood could harm our business.
To the extent that such a disruption results in server shutdowns or impacts user access to our
gaming systems, our reputation could be harmed and our ability to attract customers hampered.
We could be liable for breaches of security on our websites and fraudulent transactions by users of
our websites.
Currently, a portion of our transactions are conducted through our websites. In such
transactions, secure transmission of confidential information (such as customers credit card
numbers and expiration dates, personal information and billing addresses) over public networks is
essential to maintain consumer confidence. Our current security measures may not be adequate.
Security breaches could expose us to litigation and possible liability for failing to secure
confidential customer information and could harm our reputation and ability to attract customers.
Existing major shareholders have substantial control over us and could delay or prevent a change in
corporate control.
Incsight Limited, or Incsight, a company wholly owned by Jun Zhu, our Chairman and Chief
Executive Officer, and Bosma Limited, the two largest shareholders of our company, currently own,
in the aggregate, a majority of our outstanding ordinary shares. Incsight and Bosma have entered
into a voting agreement to vote together with respect to election of our directors. See Item 6,
Directors, Senior Management and Employees Board Practices Voting Agreement. As a result,
these shareholders will continue to exert significant control over all matters requiring
shareholder approval, including but not limited to, the election of directors and approval of
significant corporate transactions. This voting power could delay or prevent an acquisition of our
company on terms that other shareholders may desire. In addition, the rights of minority
shareholders and the fiduciary obligations of directors and majority shareholders in the Cayman
Islands may not be as extensive as those in the United States or elsewhere, and the ability to
assert shareholder rights may be comparatively limited.
New income tax laws may increase our tax burden or the tax burden on the holders of our shares or
ADSs, and tax benefits available to us may be reduced or repealed, causing the value of your
investment in us to suffer.
Prior to January 1, 2008, our subsidiaries incorporated in China were governed by the PRC
Enterprise Income Tax Law Concerning Foreign-Invested Enterprises and Foreign Enterprises, while
our affiliated entities, Shanghai IT, Shanghai Advertisement and Shanghai Jiucheng Advertisement
were subject to the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Provisional Regulations. Under such laws and other
relevant tax regulations and local policies, enterprises were generally subject to enterprise
income tax at a statutory rate of 33% and some of our subsidiaries and affiliated entities enjoyed
preferential tax treatments in the form of reduced tax rates or tax holidays.
The National Peoples Congress of PRC adopted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (New Tax
Law) on March 16, 2007, which went into effect as of January 1, 2008. In addition, a series of
rules have been promulgated subsequently for the implementation of the New Tax Law. The New Tax
Law adopted a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25%, which is generally applicable to both
domestic and foreign-invested enterprises in China, and eliminated most preferential tax treatments
available under previous tax laws and regulations. The New Tax Law and its implementation rules
contemplate various transition periods and measures for previously existing preferential tax
policies, including a 5-year period for enterprises that were entitled to a lower income tax rate
to gradually transition to the new ordinary income tax rate of 25% and continued implementation of
preferential tax treatment with a fixed term until the expiration of
such fixed term. Some of our
PRC subsidiaries or affiliated entities will not be entitled to such transition treatments.
Certain enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the New Tax
Law and its implementation rules if they qualify as High and
New Technology Enterprises strongly
supported by the state but we cannot assure you that our PRC subsidiaries or affiliated entities
will meet the criteria set by the relevant regulations and rules and
be qualified as High and New
Technology Enterprises strongly supported by the state for this purpose.
Thus, our PRC subsidiaries or affiliated entities may no longer be entitled to such
preferential tax rates or transition treatments, or any other preferential tax treatments under the
New Tax Law.
16
Moreover, unlike the tax regulations effective before 2008, which specifically exempted
withholding taxes on dividends payable to non-PRC investors from foreign-invested enterprises in
the PRC, the New Tax Law and its implementation rules provide that a withholding income tax rate of
10% will be applicable to dividends payable by Chinese companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises
unless otherwise exempted or reduced according to treaties or arrangements between the PRC central
government and governments of other countries or regions. While the Tax Agreement between the PRC
and Hong Kong provides dividends paid by a foreign-invested enterprise in the PRC to its corporate
shareholder in Hong Kong will be subject to withholding tax at the rate of 5% of total dividends if
it directly holds at least 25% of the shares of the company that is to pay dividends..
In addition, the new law deems an enterprise established offshore but having its management
organ in the PRC as a resident enterprise that will be subject to PRC tax on its global income.
Under the Implementation Rules of the New Enterprise Income Tax Law, the term management organ is
defined as an organ which has substantial and overall management and control over the
manufacturing and business operation, personnel, accounting, properties and other factors. As the
majority of our management resides in China, our offshore companies may be deemed as a resident
enterprise under the New Tax Law and thus be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on our global
income. Further, the Companys foreign corporate shareholders may be subject to taxation at a rate
of 10% upon dividends received from us or any gains they realize from the transfer of our shares or
ADSs, as it is unclear if such income will be regarded as income from sources within the PRC.
The New Tax Law empowers the PRC State Council to enact appropriate implementing rules and
measures and there is no guarantee that we or our subsidiaries will be entitled to any of the
preferential tax treatments. Nor can we assure you that the tax authorities will not, in the
future, discontinue any of our preferential tax treatments, potentially with retroactive effect.
Any significant increase of the EIT rate applicable to The9 Computer, C9I Shanghai, C9I Beijing,
Jiu Jing and Shanghai IT or the imposition of withholding taxes on dividends payable by our
subsidiaries to us, or an EIT levy on us or any of our subsidiaries or affiliate entities
registered outside the PRC, or dividends or capital gains received by our shareholders due to
shares or ADSs held in us under the New Tax Law will have a material adverse impact on our results
of operations and financial conditions and the value of investments in us.
We may become a passive foreign investment company, which could result in adverse United States
federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders.
Based on the price of the ADSs and our ordinary shares and the composition of our income and
assets, we believe we were not a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for United States
federal income tax purposes for our taxable year ended December 31, 2007. However, we must make a
separate determination each year as to whether we are a PFIC (after the close of each taxable year)
and we cannot assure you that we will not be a PFIC for our current taxable year ending December
31, 2008 or any future taxable year. A non-U.S. corporation will be considered a PFIC for any
taxable year if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income is passive income or (2) at least 50%
of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a
taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive
income. The market value of our assets is generally determined largely by reference to the market
price of our ADSs and ordinary shares, which may fluctuate considerably. In addition, the
composition of our income and assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, we spend the cash we
raise in any offering. If we were treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S.
Holder held an ADS or an ordinary share, certain adverse United States federal income tax
consequences could apply to the U.S. Holder. See Taxation United States Federal Income
Taxation Passive Foreign Investment Company.
Our articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions that could adversely affect the rights
of holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs.
Our current articles of association contain provisions that could limit the ability of others
to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. These
provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their
shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to
obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction. For example, our board of
directors is divided into three classes with different terms, one of which will expire each year.
The staggered nature of our board would delay the replacement of a majority of our directors and
would make
17
changes to the board of directors more difficult than if such a feature were not in place. In
addition, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to
issue preferred shares in one or more series and to fix their designations, powers, preferences,
privileges, relative participating, optional or special rights and any qualifications, limitations
or restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption
and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our
ordinary shares, in the form of ADS or otherwise. Preferred shares could be issued quickly with
terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of
management more difficult. If our board of directors issues preferred shares, the price of our
ADSs may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs may be
adversely affected.
We have limited business insurance coverage in China.
The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance
companies in China offer limited business insurance products. As a result, we do not have any
business liability or disruption insurance coverage for our operations in China. Any business
disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in our incurring substantial costs and the
diversion of our resources.
Some of our subsidiaries and an affiliated entity in China engaged in certain business activities
beyond the authorized scope of their respective licenses, and if they are subject to administrative
penalties or fines, our operating results may be adversely affected.
Some of our subsidiaries and an affiliated entity in China engaged in business activities that
were not within the authorized scope of their respective licenses. For example, in 2007, The9
Computer was engaged in the distribution of WoW-related accessories, souvenirs and other
merchandise. The sales that year related to such merchandise in The9 Computer were approximately
RMB0.8 million (US$0.1 million). The distribution of such merchandise, however, was not within the
The9 Computers authorized business scope. Shanghai ITs
current ICP license was issued on May 15,
2007, and is effective until June 15, 2010. Shanghai IT did not submit a specific application,
nor obtain the approval, for the license of the online bulletin board service. In the past,
Shanghai ITs main business was a virtual community, and now it is online games. BBS platforms on
the related games official website are mainly used for communications between players and do not
affect the operation of Shanghai IT. While all of these companies are in the process of obtaining
relevant licenses, the relevant PRC authorities have the authority to impose administrative fines
or other penalties for their violations, which may in turn adversely affect our operating results.
Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls could have a material adverse effect on
our business, results of operations and the trading price of our ADSs.
We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities laws. The Securities and
Exchange Commission, or the SEC, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, has
adopted rules requiring public companies to include a report of management in its annual report
that contains an assessment by management of the effectiveness of such companys internal controls
over financial reporting. In addition, beginning with the year ended December 31, 2007, an
independent registered public accounting firm for an accelerated
filer must attest to and report on the
effectiveness of the companys internal controls over financial reporting.
Our management has conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal controls over
financial reporting and concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were not
effective as of December 31, 2007 and a material weakness was noted due to a lack of sufficient and
appropriate knowledge, experience and training in the interpretation and application of U.S. GAAP
commensurate to the financial reporting requirements. If we fail to maintain the effectiveness or
fail to remediate the deficiency of our internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be
able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal controls over financial
reporting in accordance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Effective internal controls are necessary for
us to produce reliable financial reports. For the deficiency identified in this fiscal year, our
management team is evaluating remediation measures that can be undertaken to address this material
weakness and will continue such evaluation so that we may institute a comprehensive remediation
plan as an effort to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting. Any failure to
achieve and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could result in the loss
of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could
negatively
18
impact the trading price of our ADSs. Furthermore, we may need to incur additional costs and
use additional management and other resources in an effort to comply with Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other requirements going forward.
Risks Related to Doing Business in China
Our business may be adversely affected by public opinion and government policies in China.
Currently, most of our recurring users are young males, including students. Due to the higher
degree of user loyalty to MMORPGs, easy access to PCs and Internet cafés, and lack of more
appealing forms of entertainment in China, many teenagers frequently play online games. This may
result in these teenagers spending less time on, or refraining from, other activities, including
education and sports. Internet cafés, which are currently the most important outlets for online
games, have been criticized by the general public in China as exerting a negative influence on
young people. Due primarily to such adverse public reaction, some local governments in China have
tightened their regulation of Internet café operations through, among other things, limiting the
number of the new operating licenses to be issued and further reducing the hours during which the
Internet cafés are permitted to be open for business. Also, local and higher-level governmental
authorities may from time to time decide to more strictly enforce the customers age limit and
other requirements relating to Internet cafés as a result of the occurrence of, and the media
attention on, gang fights, arson or other incidents in or related to Internet cafés. As a
significant portion of our customers access our games from Internet cafés, any restrictions on
Internet café operations could result in a reduction of the amount of time our customers spend on
our online games or a reduction or slowdown in the growth of our customer base, thus adversely
affecting our business and results of operations.
In April 2007, various governmental authorities, including the General Administration of Press
and Publication, the Ministry of Industry and Information, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry
of Public Security, and other relevant authorities jointly issued a circular concerning the
mandatory implementation of an anti-fatigue system in online games, which aimed to protect the
physical and psychological health of minors. This circular required all online games to
incorporate an anti-fatigue system and an identity verification system, both of which have
limited the amount of time that a minor or other user may continuously spend playing an online
game. We have implemented such anti-fatigue and identification systems on all of our online
games as required. Further strengthening of these systems, or enactment by the PRC government of
any additional laws to further tighten its administration over the Internet and online games or its
supervision of Internet cafés may result in less time spent by customers or fewer customers playing
our online games, which may materially and adversely affect our business results and prospects for
future growth.
Adverse changes in the political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material
adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could reduce the demand for our
services and adversely affect our competitive position.
Substantially all of our operations are conducted in China and substantially all of our
revenues are sourced from China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and
prospects are subject to a significant degree to the economic, political and legal developments of
China. Since the late 1970s, the PRC government has been reforming the economic system in China.
These reforms have resulted in significant economic growth. However, we cannot predict the future
direction of economic reforms or the effects such measures may have on our business, financial
position or results of operations. Furthermore, while the economy of China has experienced
significant growth in the past twenty years, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among
various sectors of the economy. Any adverse change in the economic conditions in China, in
policies of the PRC government or in laws and regulations in China, could have a material adverse
effect on the overall economic growth of China and investment in the online game industry. Such
developments could adversely affect our businesses, lead to reduction in demand for our services
and adversely affect our competitive position.
The laws and regulations governing the online game industry in China are developing and subject to
future changes. If we fail to obtain or maintain all applicable permits and approvals, our
business and operations would be materially and adversely affected.
19
The online game industry in China is highly regulated by the PRC government. Various
regulatory authorities of the PRC central government, such as the State Council, the Ministry of
Industry and Information, the General Administration of Press and Publication, the Ministry of
Culture and the Ministry of Public Security, are empowered to issue and implement regulations
governing various aspects of the online games industry.
We are required to obtain applicable permits or approvals from different regulatory
authorities in order to provide online games to our customers. For example, an Internet content
provider, or ICP, must obtain an ICP license in order to engage in any commercial ICP operations
within China. In addition, an online games operator must also obtain a license from the Ministry
of Culture and a license from the General Administration of Press and Publication in order to
distribute games through the Internet. Furthermore, online games, as a form of software products,
are required to be registered with the Ministry of Industry and Information or its local
counterparts and obtain software products registration numbers and software products registration
certificates. However, as the Ministry of Industry and Information has not been strictly
implementing this requirement, we have not applied for registration for some of our online games,
including WoW. If the Ministry of Industry and Information begins to tighten its administration of
online games and strictly requires online games to be registered, and if we fail to make timely
registration for our games as required, we may be subject to fines or penalties, including being
ordered to cease operation of unregistered online games.
If we fail to maintain any of these required permits or approvals, we may be subject to
various penalties, including fines and the discontinuation or restriction of our operations. Any
such disruption in our business operations would materially and adversely affect our financial
condition and results of operations.
As the online games industry is at an early stage of development in China, new laws and
regulations may be adopted from time to time to require additional licenses and permits other than
those we currently have, and address new issues that arise from time to time. As a result,
substantial uncertainties exist regarding the interpretation and implementation of current and any
future PRC laws and regulations applicable to the online gaming industry. However, we cannot
assure you that we will be able to timely obtain this license or any other new license required in
the future, or at all. While we believe that we are in compliance in all material respects with
all applicable PRC laws and regulations currently in effect, we cannot assure you that we will not
be found in violation of any current or future PRC laws and regulations.
Intensified government regulation of Internet cafés could limit our ability to maintain or increase
our revenues and expand our customer base.
In April 2001, the PRC government began tightening its supervision of Internet cafés, closing
unlicensed Internet cafés, requiring those remaining open to install software to prevent access to
sites deemed subversive and requiring web portals to sign a pledge not to host subversive sites.
Furthermore, the PRC governments policy, which encourages the development of a limited number of
national and regional Internet café chains and discourages the establishment of independent
Internet cafés, may slow the growth of Internet cafés. Currently, the issuance of Internet café
licenses is subject to the overall planning of the Ministry of Culture and the local governments in
respect of the total number and location of Internet cafés. Since 2004, the grant of new Internet
café licenses has been suspended from time to time, and was again suspended in 2007. We have not
been expressly notified of any suspensions in 2008, but the PRC government maintains strict
controls on the granting of new licenses. As Internet cafés are the primary venue for users to
play our games, any reduction in the number, or any slowdown in the growth of Internet cafés in
China will limit our ability to maintain or increase our revenues and expand our customer base,
which will in turn materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Regulation and censorship of information disseminated over the Internet in China may adversely
affect our business, and we may be liable for information displayed on, retrieved from, or linked
to our Internet websites.
The PRC government has adopted certain regulations governing Internet access and the
distribution of news and other information over the Internet. Under these regulations, Internet
content providers and Internet publishers are prohibited from posting or displaying over the
Internet content that, among other things, violates PRC laws and regulations, impairs the national
dignity of China, or is obscene, superstitious, fraudulent or defamatory. Failure to comply with
these requirements could result in the revocation of ICP and other required licenses and the
20
closure of the concerned websites. The website operator may also be held liable for such
prohibited information displayed on, retrieved from or linked to such website.
The Ministry of Culture has issued a notice reiterating the governments policies to prohibit
the distribution of games with violence, terror, cruelty or other elements that are believed to
have the potential effect of instigating crimes, and to prevent the influx of harmful cultural
products from overseas. The notice requires, among other things, the review and prior approval of
all new online games licensed from foreign game developers and related license agreements, the
review of patch and updates of approved games with substantial changes, and the filing of
domestically developed online games. We have obtained the necessary approvals from the Ministry of
Culture for operating WoW MU, SUN and GE in China, and completed the relevant filing requirement
with respect to JJW. The Burning Crusade has also passed the review conducted by the General
Administration of Press and Publication. We will submit new games for the required review or
filing in due course. The Ministry of Culture may find the content of our new licensed games
objectionable, and we may otherwise be unable to obtain the approvals for these games in a timely
manner, or at all. If this happens, we will not be able to launch our new licensed games within
the expected timeframe or at all, and our business and results of operations could be materially
adversely affected.
In addition, the Ministry of Industry and Information has published regulations that subject
website operators to potential liability for content included on their websites and the actions of
users and others using their websites, including liability for violations of PRC laws prohibiting
the dissemination of content deemed to be socially destabilizing. The Ministry of Public Security
has the authority to order any local Internet service provider, or ISP, to block any Internet
website maintained outside China at its sole discretion. Periodically, the Ministry of Public
Security has stopped the dissemination over the Internet of information which it believes to be
socially destabilizing. The State Secrecy Bureau, which is directly responsible for the protection
of State secrets of the PRC government, is authorized to block any website it deems to be leaking
State secrets or failing to meet the relevant regulations relating to the protection of State
secrets in the dissemination of online information.
As these regulations are relatively new and subject to interpretation by the relevant
authorities, it may not be possible for us to determine in all cases the type of content that could
result in liability for us as a website operator. In addition, we may not be able to control or
restrict the content of other Internet content providers linked to or accessible through our
websites, or content generated or placed on our websites by our users, despite our attempt to
monitor such content. To the extent that regulatory authorities find any portion of our content
objectionable, they may require us to limit or eliminate the dissemination of such information or
otherwise curtail the nature of such content on our websites, which may reduce our user traffic and
have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition,
we may be subject to significant penalties for violations of those regulations arising from
information displayed on, retrieved from or linked to our websites, including a suspension or
shutdown of our operations.
Future movements in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and RMB may adversely affect the value
of our ADSs.
We are exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from various currency exposures. Our payments
to Webzen and VUG and a significant portion of our financial assets are denominated in U.S. dollars
while almost all of our revenues are denominated in RMB, the legal currency in China. We have not
used any forward contracts or currency borrowings to hedge our exposure to foreign currency risk.
The value of RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by,
among other things, changes in political and economic conditions. The conversion of RMB into
foreign currencies, including U.S. dollars, has been based on rates set by the Peoples Bank of
China. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of
the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the RMB is permitted to fluctuate within a
narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has
resulted in an approximately 11.9% appreciation of RMB against the U.S. dollar through the end of
2007. Additionally, in May 2007, the PRC government increased the daily trading band of RMB
against a basket of certain foreign currencies from 0.3% to 0.5%. While the international reaction
to these RMB revaluations have generally been positive, there remains significant international
pressure on the PRC government to adopt an even more flexible currency policy, which could result
in a further and more significant appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar.
Any significant revaluation of RMB may adversely affect our cash flows and financial position,
and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our ADSs in U.S. dollars. For example, an
appreciation of RMB against the
21
U.S. dollar would make any new RMB denominated investments or expenditures more costly to us,
to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into RMB for such purposes. An appreciation of
RMB against the U.S. dollar would also result in foreign currency translation losses for financial
reporting purposes when we translate our U.S. dollar denominated monetary assets into RMB, as RMB
is our functional and reporting currency.
Restrictions on currency exchange in China limit our ability to utilize our revenues effectively,
make dividend payments and meet our foreign currency denominated obligations.
Because substantially all of our revenues are in RMB, restrictions on currency exchange in
China limit our ability to utilize revenue generated in RMB to fund our business activities outside
China, make dividend payments in U.S. dollars, or obtain and remit sufficient foreign currency to
satisfy our foreign currency-denominated obligations, such as license fees and royalty payments.
The principal regulation governing foreign currency exchange in China is the Foreign Currency
Administration Rules (1996), as amended. Under such rules, the RMB is freely convertible for trade
and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not for direct investment, loan or
investment in securities outside China unless the prior approval of SAFE is obtained. Although the
PRC government regulations now allow greater convertibility of RMB for current account
transactions, significant restrictions still remain. For example, foreign exchange transactions
under our PRC subsidiaries capital account, including principal payments in respect of foreign
currency-denominated obligations, remain subject to significant foreign exchange controls and the
approval of SAFE. These limitations could affect our ability to obtain foreign exchange for
capital expenditures. We cannot be certain that the PRC regulatory authorities will not impose
more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of RMB, especially with respect to foreign
exchange transactions.
Recent PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC
residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders or us to penalties and fines, and limit our
ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary, limit our subsidiarys ability to increase its
registered capital, distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.
On October 21, 2005, SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of
Foreign Exchange in Fund-raising and Reverse Investment Activities of Domestic Residents Conducted
via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or SAFE Circular Notice 75, which became effective as of
November 1, 2005. According to Notice 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is
required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of
financing that offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in
the PRC. An amendment to registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is
also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the
offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change
involving a change in the capital of the offshore company.
Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or
acquired control of offshore companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past
are required to complete the relevant registration procedures with the local SAFE branch by March
31, 2006. Under the relevant rules, failure to comply with the registration requirements set forth
in Notice 75 or the rules implementing Notice 75 may result in restrictions being imposed on the
foreign exchange activities of the relevant onshore company, including the increase of its
registered capital, the payment of dividends and other distributions to its offshore parent or
affiliate and the capital inflow from the offshore entity, and may also subject the relevant
onshore companies and PRC residents to penalties under PRC foreign exchange administration
regulations.
In 2007, SAFE further issued relevant guidance to its local branches with respect to the
operational process for SAFE registration, which standardized more specific and stringent
supervision on the registration relating to SAFE Circular No. 75 and imposed obligations on onshore
subsidiaries of offshore special purpose companies to coordinate with and supervise the beneficial
owners of the offshore entity who are PRC residents to complete the SAFE registration process.
We have requested all of our shareholders who, based on our knowledge, are PRC residents or
whose ultimate beneficial owners are PRC residents to comply with any applicable SAFE registration
requirements; however we have no control over our shareholders. The failure or inability of such
relevant PRC residents to comply with such SAFE registration requirements may subject us or such
PRC residents to fines and legal sanctions
22
and may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiary, limit
our subsidiarys ability to distribute profits or other distributions to us, or otherwise adversely
affect us.
Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect us.
We conduct our business primarily through our subsidiaries and an affiliated entity
incorporated in China. These entities are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to
foreign investment in China and, in particular, laws applicable to wholly-foreign owned
enterprises. In addition, we depend on Shanghai IT to honor its service agreement with us. Almost
all of these agreements are governed by PRC law and disputes arising out of these agreements are
expected to be decided by arbitration in China. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes.
Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979,
PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various
forms of foreign investments in China. However, since the PRC legal system continues to rapidly
evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and
enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involve uncertainties, which may limit legal
protections available to us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in
substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.
The limited use of personal computers in China and the relatively high cost of Internet access with
respect to per capita gross domestic product may limit the development of the Internet in China and
impede our growth.
Although the use of personal computers in China has increased in recent years, the penetration
rate for personal computers in China is significantly lower than in the United States and other
developed countries. Furthermore, despite a decrease in the cost of Internet access in China due
to a decrease in the cost of personal computers and the introduction and expansion of broadband
access, the cost of Internet access still remains relatively high compared to the average per
capita income in China. The limited use of personal computers in China and the relatively high
cost of Internet access may limit the growth of our business. In addition, there is no assurance
that there will not be any increase in Internet access or telecommunication fees in China. If that
happens, the number of our users may decrease and the growth of our user base may be materially
impeded.
The continued growth of Chinas Internet market depends on the establishment of an adequate
telecommunications infrastructure.
Although private sector Internet service providers currently exist in China, almost all access
to the Internet is maintained through state-owned telecommunication operators under the
administrative control and regulatory supervision of Chinas Ministry of Industry and Information.
In addition, the national networks in China connect to the Internet through government-controlled
international gateways. These government-controlled international gateways are the only channel
through which a domestic PRC user can connect to the international Internet network. We rely on
this infrastructure to provide data communications capacity primarily through local
telecommunications lines. Although the government has announced plans to develop aggressively the
national information infrastructure, we cannot assure you that this infrastructure will be
developed as planned or at all. In addition, we will have no access to alternative networks and
services, on a timely basis if at all, in the event of any infrastructure disruption or failure.
The Internet infrastructure in China may not support the demands necessary for the continued growth
in Internet usage.
Risks Related to Our Shares and ADSs
The future sales or issuance of a substantial number of our ADSs or ordinary shares could adversely
affect the price of our ADSs.
If our shareholders sell substantial amounts of our ADSs, including those issued upon the
exercise of outstanding options, in the public market, the market price of our ADSs could fall.
Such sales also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in
the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate. If any existing shareholder or
shareholders sell a substantial amount of ordinary shares, the prevailing market price for our ADSs
could be adversely affected.
23
In addition, we may issue additional ordinary shares or ADSs for future acquisitions. If we
pay for our future acquisitions in whole or in part with additionally issued ordinary shares or
ADSs, your ownership interests in our company would be diluted and this, in turn, could have a
material adverse effect on the price of our ADSs.
The market price for our ADSs may be volatile.
The market price for our ADSs is likely to be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations
in response to factors including the following:
|
|
|
actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results; |
|
|
|
|
announcements of new games by us or our competitors; |
|
|
|
|
changes in financial estimates by securities analysts; |
|
|
|
|
price fluctuations of publicly traded securities of other China-based companies
engaging in Internet-related services or other similar businesses; |
|
|
|
|
conditions in the Internet or online game industries; |
|
|
|
|
changes in the economic performance or market valuations of other Internet or online
game companies; |
|
|
|
|
announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic
partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments; |
|
|
|
|
fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and RMB; |
|
|
|
|
addition or departure of key personnel; and |
|
|
|
|
pending and potential litigation. |
In addition, the securities market has from time to time experienced significant price and
volume fluctuations that are not related to the operating performance of particular companies.
These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our ADSs.
You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and our ability to protect our rights
through the U.S. federal courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands
law.
Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association and by the
Companies Law (2007 Revision) and common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders
and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly
established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in the United States. In
particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the
United States, and provides significantly less protection to investors. Therefore, our public
shareholders may have more difficulties in protecting their interests in the face of actions by our
management, directors or controlling shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation
incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not
have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action before the federal courts of the United
States. As a result, we may not be able to protect our interests if we are harmed in a manner that
would otherwise enable us to sue in a United States federal court.
Your ability to bring an action against us or against our directors and officers, or to enforce a
judgment against us or them, will be limited because we are incorporated in the Cayman Islands,
because we conduct a substantial portion of our operations in China and because the majority of our
directors and officers reside outside of the United States.
24
We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands, and we conduct a substantial portion of our
operations in China through our wholly-owned subsidiaries and an affiliated entity in China. Most
of our directors and officers reside outside of the United States and most of the assets of those
persons are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible
for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the Cayman Islands or in
China in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the securities laws
or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the
Cayman Islands and of China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the
assets of our directors and officers.
You may not be able to exercise your right to vote.
As a holder of ADSs, you may instruct the depositary of our ADSs to vote the shares underlying
your ADSs but only if we ask the depositary to request your instructions. Otherwise, you will not
be able to exercise your right to vote unless you withdraw the shares. However, you may not know
about the meeting enough in advance to withdraw the shares and, in this regard, pursuant to our
articles of association, a shareholders meeting may be convened by us on seven business days
notice. If we ask for your instructions, the depositary will notify you of the upcoming vote and
arrange to deliver our voting materials to you. We cannot assure you that you will receive the
voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote your shares. In
addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting
instructions or for the manner of carrying out voting instructions, if any such action or nonaction
is in good faith. This means that you may not be able to exercise your right to vote and there may
be nothing you can do if the shares underlying your ADSs are not voted as you request.
Your right to participate in any future rights offerings may be limited, which may cause dilution
to your holdings.
We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire
our securities. However, we cannot make rights available to you in the United States unless we
register the rights and the securities to which the rights relate under the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended, or the Securities Act, or an exemption from the registration requirements is available.
Also, under the deposit agreement, the depositary bank will not make rights available to you
unless the distribution to ADS holders of both the rights and any related securities are either
registered under the Securities Act, or exempt from registration under the Securities Act. We are
under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or securities
or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to be declared effective. Moreover, we may
not be able to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act. The depositary
may, but is not required to, sell such undistributed rights to third parties in this situation.
Accordingly, you may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution
in your holdings.
You may not receive distributions on ordinary shares or any value for them if it is illegal or
impractical to make them available to you.
The depositary of our ADSs has agreed to pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions
it or the custodian receives on ordinary shares or other deposited securities after deducting its
fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of ordinary
shares your ADSs represent. However, the depositary is not responsible if it decides that it is
unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. We have no
obligation to register ADSs, ordinary shares, rights or other securities under U.S. securities
laws. We also have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of ADSs,
ordinary shares, rights or anything else to holders of ADSs. This means that you may not receive
the distribution we make on our ordinary shares or any value for them if it is illegal or
impractical for us to make them available to you. These restrictions may have a material adverse
effect on the value of your ADSs.
You may be subject to limitations on transfer of your ADSs.
Your ADSs represented by the ADRs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However,
the depositary may close its transfer books at any time or from time to time when it deems
expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. In addition, the depositary may refuse
to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the
depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary deem it advisable to do so because of
any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the
deposit agreement, or for any other reason.
25
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. History and Development of the Company
We were incorporated in the Cayman Islands in December 1999 under the name GameNow.net Limited
and were renamed to The9 Limited in February 2004. We formed GameNow.net (Hong Kong) Limited, or
GameNow, on January 17, 2000, as a wholly-owned subsidiary. We have historically conducted our
operations in large part through The9 Computer, a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of GameNow in
China.
In October 2002, we and Webzen formed 9Webzen to launch and operate the MU game in China.
9Webzen established 9Webzen Shanghai as its wholly-owned subsidiary in China on January 29, 2003 to
operate MU in China. Prior to December 2005, we held a 51% ownership interest in 9Webzen. In
December 2005, we sold and transferred 21% of 9Webzens issued share capital to Webzen, thus
reducing our ownership interest in 9Webzen from 51% to 30%.
In July 2003, we and China Interactive (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., or China Interactive, a
privately-held Singaporean company, formed a joint venture, C9I, to acquire an exclusive license
from VUG to localize and operate the WoW game in China. We have had effective control over C9Is
management and operations since its inception. In February 2005, C9I established a wholly-owned
subsidiary, C9I Shanghai, to operate WoW in China. We initially owned 54% of C9I and through a
series of transactions with China Interactive, C9I became our wholly-owned subsidiary in August
2005.
Due to the current restrictions on foreign ownership of the Internet content provision,
Internet culture operation and advertising businesses in China, we rely on the following three
affiliated PRC entities in holding certain licenses and approvals necessary for our business
operations through a series of contractual arrangements with Shanghai IT and its shareholders:
|
|
|
Shanghai IT, which holds Internet content provision, Internet culture operation and
Internet publishing licenses; |
|
|
|
|
Shanghai The9 Advertisement Co., Ltd., or Shanghai Advertisement, whose business
license permits it to conduct advertisement operations, liquidated in 2007; and |
|
|
|
|
Shanghai The9 Advertisement Co., Ltd., or Shanghai Jiucheng Advertisement, whose
business license permits it to conduct advertisement operations. |
Shanghai IT is owned by Jun Zhu, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and shareholder, and
Yong Wang, our Vice President. Both Shanghai Advertisement and Shanghai Jiucheng Advertisement are
subsidiaries of Shanghai IT. Shanghai Advertisement was liquidated in 2007, and Shanghai Jiucheng
Advertisement was incorporated in April 2007. We do not have any ownership interest in Shanghai IT
Shanghai Advertisement or Shanghai Jiucheng Advertisement. However, each of the individual
shareholders of Shanghai IT has entered into a shareholder voting proxy agreement with us, under
which each such shareholder has irrevocably granted us the power to exercise voting rights on all
matters to which he is entitled to vote. Each such shareholder has also entered into a call option
agreement with us, pursuant to which we and/or any other parties designated by us would be entitled
to acquire all or part of the equity interests in Shanghai IT to the extent permitted by the
then-effective PRC laws and regulations, for the minimum amount of consideration permissible under
applicable PRC laws and regulations. From 2001 to May 2005, we extended interest-free loans in an
aggregate amount of RMB23.0 million to the shareholders of Shanghai IT, solely in connection with
capitalizing and increasing the registered capital of Shanghai IT. These loans are repayable upon
demand. The existing shareholders of Shanghai IT, Jun Zhu and Yong Wang, have pledged all of their
equity interests in Shanghai IT in favor of us under an equity pledge agreement. In the event of a
breach of any term in the loan agreement or any other agreement by either Shanghai IT or its
shareholders, we will be entitled to enforce our rights as a pledgee under the agreement.
Our principal executive office is located at Building No. 3, 690 Bibo Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech
Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, Peoples Republic of China, and our telephone number is
(8621) 5172-9999.
26
In addition to our operational headquarters in Shanghai, we currently have small branch
offices in Beijing, Chengdu, Nanjing, Shenyang, Wuhan and Xian, China.
Recent Developments
Developments Relating to Our Business
License of Games
As of December 31, 2007, we obtained licenses to operate the following games in mainland
China:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Game |
|
Developer |
|
Description |
|
Status |
Emil Chronicle Online
|
|
Gravity Co., Ltd.
|
|
2.5D MMORPG
|
|
Commercial launch in
Japan and preparing for
beta testing in China |
Ragnarok Online 2
|
|
Gravity Co., Ltd.
|
|
3D MMORPG
|
|
In open beta testing in
Korea and preparing for
beta testing in China |
Huxley
|
|
Webzen, Inc.
|
|
3D first-person
shooting MMORPG
|
|
Preparing for beta testing |
EA Sports FIFA Online
|
|
Electronic Arts Inc.
|
|
Casual soccer game
|
|
Commercial launch in
Korea and preparing for
beta testing in China |
Audition 2
|
|
G10 Entertainment
Korea Corp
|
|
Casual dancing game
|
|
Preparing for beta testing |
Burn the Floor
|
|
Ideas Corporation
|
|
Casual dancing game
|
|
In development |
Hellgate: London
|
|
Flagship Studios, Inc.
|
|
3D MMORPG
|
|
Ready for initial
customer testing |
SUN
|
|
Webzen, Inc.
|
|
3D MMORPG
|
|
Commercially launched in
China in 2007 |
Granado Espada
|
|
Hanbitsoft Inc. and
IMC Games Co., Ltd.
|
|
3D MMORPG
|
|
Commercially launched in
China in 2007 |
WoW
|
|
Blizzard Entertainment
|
|
3D MMORPG
|
|
Commercially launched in
China in June 2005 |
MU
|
|
Webzen, Inc.
|
|
2.5D quarter-view
MMORPG
|
|
Commercially launched in
China in February 2003 |
Field of Honor
|
|
Beijing Gameworld
Tech. Co. Ltd.
|
|
3D MMORSS
|
|
In development |
In addition, we obtained from Blizzard the right to operate the Burning Crusade and the Wrath
of the Lich King expansion packs for the WoW, in January 2007 and April 2008, respectively.
License and Investment by Electronic Arts, Inc.
In May 2007, we obtained from Electronic Arts Inc. (EA) an exclusive license to operate the EA
Sports FIFA Online game in mainland China. EA also made an equity
investment in us of approximately US$167 million. Upon completion of the equity investment, EA
owned 15% of our ordinary shares.
Investment in Ideas Corporation and G10 Entertainment Corp.
27
In January 2008, we made an equity investment in Ideas Corporation (Ideas), consisting of
34% of its then outstanding shares for approximately US$3.5 million (including transaction costs).
Concurrently with that investment, we obtained a license agreement from Ideas for a game titled
Burn the Floor. In April 2008, we acquired a minority stake in G10 in exchange for a cash
investment of approximately US$38.3 million.
Licensing to Third Parties of Proprietary Games
In
September 2007, we entered into a license agreement for JJW, our first proprietary game, granting
a game operator in Malaysia the right to operate the game in the Malaysian market for a specified
period. We are currently negotiating with a game operator in Vietnam for the right to operate JJW
in that country. In the future we intend to continue to explore further licensing opportunities
for JJW and other proprietary games currently under development.
Developments Relating to Stock Repurchase Program
On November 20, 2007, we announced that our Board of Directors has authorized a buy-back of up
to US$50.0 million of its ADSs. As of December 31, 2007, we had spent in aggregate a total
purchase consideration of approximately US$14.6 million (including transaction costs), and had
repurchased approximately 0.6 million of outstanding ADSs. As of June 23, 2008, The9 had spent a
total purchase consideration of approximately US$39.3 million (including transaction costs), and
had repurchased approximately 1.8 million outstanding ADSs. The share repurchase program ended on
June 23, 2008.
B. Business Overview
We are a leading online game operator in China. We were ranked as one of the top four online
game operators in China in 2007 in terms of market share, according to a survey conducted by a
market analyst in December 2007. We began to offer our self-developed online virtual community
game the9 City in 2000 and commercialized the9 City in December 2000. Currently, our business is
primarily focused on operating MMORPGs, including WoW and other games in China. Because MMORPGs
require a significant amount of time to master, they tend to have a high degree of user attraction,
which means that users tend to spend greater amounts of time playing these games than using other
Internet applications.
We commercially launched WoW in China in June 2005 through C9I Shanghai and Shanghai IT. WoW
is a full-view 3D MMORPG developed by Blizzard Entertainment, the game development studio of VUG,
which has developed award-winning PC games including the Warcraft, Diablo and StarCraft series. In
2007, WoW was recognized as one of the most popular online games in China by the Ministry of
Culture. In the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, the total revenue attributable to the
operations of the WoW game and WoW related product sales were RMB1,028,989,688, which represented
approximately 99% total revenue, and RMB1,243,630,836, which represented approximately 92% total
revenue, respectively.
We also operate MU in cooperation with 9Webzen in which we own 30%. 9Webzen has obtained an
exclusive license from Webzen to operate MU in China. MU is a 2.5D quarter-view MMORPG developed
by Webzen, a leading online game developer and operator in Korea. In addition, we have operated
Mystina Online, an MMORPG developed by an online game developer in China, which ceased operation in
2006.
We also operate Granado Espada, a MMORPG developed by Korean game developer IMC Games, Co.,
Ltd., which is partly owned by Hanbisoft, Inc., and Soul of the Ultimate Nation®, or SUN, a 3D
MMORPG licensed from Webzen, through Shanghai IT.
As of December 31, 2007, we had obtained exclusive licenses to operate additional games in
China, including the following:
|
|
|
an exclusive license obtained from Hanbitsoft, Inc., in 2006 to operate Hellgate:
London, an action role-playing game; |
28
|
|
|
an exclusive license obtained from Webzen in 2005 to operate Soul of the Ultimate
Nation®, or SUN, a 3D MMORPG; |
|
|
|
|
an exclusive license obtained from Gravity Co. Ltd. in 2007 to operate Ragnarok
Online 2, a 3D MMORPG, and Email Chronicle Online, a 2.5D MMORPG; |
|
|
|
|
an exclusive license obtained from Webzen Inc. in 2007 to operate Huxley, a 3D
first-person shooting game; |
|
|
|
|
an exclusive license obtained from G10 Entertainment in 2007 to operate Audition 2,
a casual dancing game; |
|
|
|
|
an exclusive license obtained from EA in 2007 to operate EA Sports FIFA Online, a
casual soccer game; and |
|
|
|
|
an exclusive license obtained from Ideas Corp. in 2007 to operate Burn the Floor, a
casual dancing game. |
Note we terminated a license agreement with NC Soft Corporation in March 2008 for the
operation of Guild Wars. The RMB18.7 million impairment charge for the year 2007 represents
impairment provision on prepaid license fees for the Guild Wars game that ceased operation in early
2008.
We are expanding our own product development capabilities to develop a suite of proprietary
online games, including MMORPGs. In September 2006, we commercially launched our first proprietary
MMORPG, JJW, which is a side-scrolling MMORPG based on cartoon characters.
We charge customers for either the time they spend playing our online games or for the game
items they purchase. Our customers typically access our online games through PCs at home or in
Internet cafés. They obtain our game playing time primarily through purchasing our prepaid cards
at various retail outlets or purchasing online points at one of the more than 160,000 Internet
cafés throughout China which have subscribed to our internally developed Pass9 system. Pass9 is
our internally developed proprietary, fully integrated online membership management and payment
system, which offers one-stop account management and payment services to our customers and
facilitates our payment arrangements with distributors and Internet cafés.
To ensure quality customer service and seamless operations, we maintain a powerful technology
platform consisting of numerous servers and network devices located in nine internet data centers
throughout China.
Products and Services
We offer online games including MMORPGs and our self-developed online community game the9
City, which we offer in cooperation with Shanghai IT. In addition to MMORPGs we have developed
casual games, which emphasize play in a single sitting. Our other products and services include
game operating support, website solutions and advertisement services, SMS and sales of our Pass9
system.
MMORPGs. In a typical MMORPG, thousands of players play in the same game world at the same
time. MMORPG players can select a specific character to compete within the game with whom they
develop experience and enhance game attributes, which can be carried over into next higher game
levels. MMORPGs incorporate many cutting-edge technology features, including:
|
|
|
sophisticated 2.5D or 3D graphics which expose players to captivating screen scenes; |
|
|
|
|
player upgrading system which allows players to attain higher game attributes with
their characters as they develop experience and enhanced game capabilities over time;
and |
29
|
|
|
instant messaging system which allows players to communicate with each other during
the game and form groups with other players, thereby coordinating their game skills to
achieve collective objectives. |
As of December 31, 2007, we had exclusive licenses to operate or own the following MMORPGs in
China:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Game |
|
Developer |
|
Description |
|
Status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WoW
|
|
Blizzard Entertainment
|
|
3D MMORPG
|
|
Commercially launched in
China in June 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MU
|
|
Webzen, Inc.
|
|
2.5D quarter-view
MMORPG
|
|
Commercially launched in
China in February 2003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granado Espada
|
|
Hanbitsoft Inc. and
IMC Games Co., Ltd.
|
|
3D MMORPG
|
|
Commercially launched in
China in 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUN
|
|
Webzen, Inc.
|
|
3D MMORPG
|
|
Commercially launched in
China in 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Joyful Journey West
|
|
The9
|
|
2D MMORPG
|
|
Commercially launched in
China in September 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hellgate: London
|
|
Flagship Studios, Inc.
|
|
3D MMORPG
|
|
Ready for initial
customer testing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Email Chronicle Online
|
|
Gravity Co., Ltd.
|
|
2.5D MMORPG
|
|
Commercial launch in
Japan and preparing for
beta testing in China |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ragnarok Online 2
|
|
Gravity Co., Ltd.
|
|
3D MMORPG
|
|
In open beta testing in
Korea and preparing for
beta testing in China |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Huxley
|
|
Webzen, Inc.
|
|
3D first-person
shooting MMORPG
|
|
Preparing for beta testing |
In preparation for commercial launch of a new game, we conduct closed beta testing of the
game to resolve operational matters, which is followed by open beta testing in which we allow our
registered users to play without charge in open market conditions to ensure performance consistency
and stability of operation systems.
Our MMORPGs offer ongoing play experience which allows our users to play the game online 24
hours a day, seven days a week. Our users can access our MMORPGs from any location with an
Internet connection. Substantially all of our users in China access the game servers either from
PCs at home or Internet café outlets equipped with multiple personal computers that have Internet
access. Currently, a significant portion of our users access the game through Internet cafés
throughout China which sell game playing time to their customers. To offset the impact of the
limited use of online and credit card payment systems in China, we have introduced a prepaid game
playing time purchase and management system, Pass9. See Item 4, Information on the Company
Business Overview Membership Management and Payment System.
Other Products and Services. Our other products and services mainly consist of our online
virtual community named the9 City, our game operating support, website solutions and advertisement
services, SMS service, sales of our internally developed Pass9 system and licensing of our
proprietary games to third parties.
The9 City. We launched our online virtual community game the9 City at www.the9.com in 2000
and commercialized it in December 2000. We believe that the9 City is the first commercialized
virtual community in China. Our game the9 City was designed based on the idea of a virtual society
consisting of mini games. Most of the content offered in the9 City are free of charge. As of
December 31, 2007, the9 City had close to 80 million
30
registered users, which we believe have formed a loyal and strong customer base for online
games and other products we offer from time to time.
Game Operating Support, Website Solutions and Advertisement Services. Our game operating
support, website solutions and advertisement services primarily relate to providing game operating
support to 9Webzen in connection with operating MU in China. Our game operating support services
to 9Webzen include payment collection and processing and other online game related technical
support in connection with the operation of MU in China. Prior to the commercial launch of MU in
February 2003, we generated a significant portion of our revenue from a variety of different
website solutions and advertisement services to third parties, including website development and
construction, hardware and software support, training, website maintenance and website
advertisements. Since February 2003, we have not pursued any new business opportunities for our
website solution and advertisement services.
SMS. Leveraging our existing user base, we offer several different SMS products and
subscription packages that enable our users to, among other things, transmit and receive SMS
messages, receive password protection and other value-added services.
Pass9. We began to sell our proprietary integrated membership management and payment system,
Pass9, in the fourth quarter of 2004. See Membership Management and Payment System below.
Licensing
to Third Parties. In September, 2007, we entered into a license agreement license
agreement for JJW, our first proprietary game, granting a game operator in Malaysia the right to
operate the game in the Malaysian market for a specified period. We are currently negotiating
with a game operator in Vietnam for the right to operate JJW in that country. In the future we
intend to continue to explore further licensing opportunities for JJW and other proprietary games
currently under development.
Membership Management and Payment System
We pioneered the establishment of Pass9, an integrated membership management and payment
system in China in early 2001, allowing us to maintain a single customer database that contains
each customers profile and payment history. Pass9 provides one-stop service to our customers,
distributors and developers. Pass9 provides our customers with an integrated platform to log in,
pay and use any of the fee-based products and services we offer. It also allows our distributors
to sell our online points to Internet cafés, and enables Internet cafés to check the balance of
their points and pay us on their customers behalf. In addition, Pass9 provides our game developer
partners with simple interface to integrate their games to our system.
Our integrated membership management and payment system also incorporates a variety of
community-building features, such as chat rooms, which provide registered users a platform to
interact in real-time groups or one-on-one discussions, and bulletin boards which allow registered
users to post notes or inquiries and respond to other users notes or inquires. We believe these
features encourage user congregation on our site and facilitate player interaction for the games we
offer.
We
sold our proprietary Pass9 system to third-party companies for
RMB11.7 million and RMB1.9 million,
in 2005 and 2007, respectively.
Customer Service
Since our inception, we have focused on providing excellent customer service in order to
retain our existing customers as well as attract new customers. In November 2003, we received a
9001 service quality authentication certificate from the International Organization for
Standardization. We believe that we are the first online game operator in China to receive such a
certificate. We were ranked among the top four online game operators in China by market share in
2007 according to a survey conducted by a market analyst in December 2007. Our MMORPG customers
can access our customer service center via phone or e-mail at any time, or visit our visitor center
in Shanghai during normal business hours.
31
We have in-game game masters dedicated to each of the MMORPGs that we operate. Game masters
are responsible for organizing in-game events, troubleshooting and actively and continuously
monitoring the online game environment. Game masters are available to respond to players
inquiries, initiate the bug reporting and removal process, as well as to identify, record and deal
with players inappropriate behavior such as cheating and fighting. We believe that our provision
of game masters to monitor the gaming environment is an important element in maintaining our
customer loyalty and efficiently addressing technical problems as they arise.
Purchase of Game Playing Time and Gaming Features
A customer can purchase game playing time through any of the following methods:
Prepaid Cards. A customer can buy prepaid cards at retail outlets including convenience
stores, supermarkets and bookstores all across China. Each prepaid card contains a pass code
representing game playing time offered by the card based on its face value.
Prepaid Online Points. Over 160,000 Internet cafés across China have subscribed to our
self-developed eSales System, which is part of our Pass9 system and enables an Internet café to buy
prepaid online points from our distributors and sell such points to their customers.
Online Payment. A customer can buy game playing time online by charging payment directly to a
credit or debit card. In addition, we offer free online game playing time to our new registered
customers and users of our SMS service. We have also included free game cards in our marketing
materials to attract new customers. Additionally, in some instances a player may access certain
online games free of charge and use prepaid online points to purchase premium in-game features.
Customers of the WoW game are required to purchase an access code, or CD-Key, to play the game
in China. We use the CD-Key as a measure to reduce the use of cheating tools by WoW players. When
we discover that a WoW player is using cheating tools, we will terminate that users account and
the user will have to purchase another CD-Key to activate his account to play WoW from the beginner
level. Our CD-Keys normally carry up to 20 hours of free WoW play time. Once these hours are
consumed, customers must purchase game playing time through one of the methods provided above.
Pricing, Distribution and Marketing
Pricing. We determine the pricing of a game near the end of the free testing period based on
several factors, including the prices of other comparable games, the technological and other
features of the game, and the targeted marketing position of the game. Our prepaid game cards are
offered in a variety of denominations to provide users with maximum flexibility. For instance, a
game player may choose to purchase a prepaid game point card with any denomination for a specified
number of hours that can be used at any time or a prepaid game subscription card that provides
unlimited access to the game for a week or a month.
Distribution. Due to the limited availability of online payment systems in China, we sold our
game playing time primarily through sales of our prepaid cards and online points to distributors
across the country. For WoW, we have entered into agreements with approximately 20 regional
distributors for our prepaid cards and over 40 regional distributors for our online points. These
regional distributors sell our prepaid game cards and online points to over 500 local distributors
who in turn sell the game cards to end users and prepaid online points to Internet cafés throughout
China. Our regional distributors were selected after an open and competitive bidding process and
our local distributors are normally selected by our regional distributors. As of December 31,
2007, WoW had over 38 million activated user accounts and over 160,000 Internet cafés have
subscribed to our eSales system, which enables Internet cafés to sell our prepaid online points to
their customers. For SUN and GE, we have entered into a distribution agreement with Junnet Group
to appoint it as the exclusive distributor of our prepaid game cards in China. We may terminate
this agreement if Junnet Group fails the required payments to us for two consecutive months.
32
Marketing. Our overall marketing strategy is to rapidly attract new customers and increase
revenues from recurring customers. The marketing programs and promotional activities that we
employ to promote our games include:
Advertising and Online Promotion. We advertise in many game magazines and online game sites
that are updated regularly.
Cross-Marketing. We have cross-marketing relationships with major consumer brands, technology
companies and major telecom carriers. For example, we conducted cross-marketing activities with
Coca-Cola in connection with the promotion of WoW in 2005, and have entered into a new agreement to
continue this joint marketing campaign through the end of 2006. We believe that our
cross-marketing relationships with well-known companies will increase the recognition of our online
game brands.
On-Site Promotion. We distribute free game-related posters, promotional prepaid cards for
beginners, game-related souvenirs such as watches, pens, mouse pads, calendars and paper bags at
trade shows, selected Internet cafés and computer stores.
In-Game Marketing. We conduct in-game marketing programs from time to time, including
online adventures for grand prizes. We also regularly hold WoW game tournaments for our customers.
Game Development and Licensing
We believe that the online game industry in China will continue its recent pattern of
developing increasingly sophisticated MMORPGs tailored to the China market. In order to remain
competitive, we are focusing our product development efforts on enhancing the Chinese version of
the licensed MMORPGs and developing new proprietary online games. Currently, our product
development team is responsible for game design, technical development and art design. In
addition, we outsource part of our development work to Winking Co. Ltd., a leading online game
developer in the PRC.
Our licensing process begins with a preliminary screening, review and testing of a game,
followed by a cost analysis, negotiations and licensing of a game, including all regulatory and
approval processes. A team is then designated to conduct closed beta testing of the game to
resolve operational matters, followed by open beta testing during which our registered users may
play the game without charge in open market conditions to ensure performance consistency and
stability of operation systems. Testing generally takes three to six months, during which time we
commence other marketing activities.
Technology
We aim to build a reliable and secure technology infrastructure to fully support our
operations, and we maintain separate technology networks for each of our games. Our current
technology infrastructure consists of the following:
|
|
|
servers and network devices located in nine internet data centers throughout China,
including, for WoW, as of the end of December 2007, eight dedicated server sites with
each site comprised of approximately 40 high-performance server sets, located in
Shanghai, Beijing, Chengdu and Shenzhen, with uninterruptible power supply and diesel
power generator backup; |
|
|
|
|
proprietary software, including game monitor tools, that are integrated with our
websites and customer service center operations; and |
|
|
|
|
hardware platform primarily consisting of Lenovo, Hewlett-Packard/Compaq, Dell, IBM
and Cisco servers. |
33
We have a network operation team responsible for stability and security of our network. The
team follows the workflow for problem detecting, recording, analyzing and solving. In addition, we
frequently upgrade our game server software to ensure the stability of our operation and reduce
hacking risks.
Competition
Our major competitors include, but are not limited to, online game operators and major
Internet portal operators in China. These include Shanda Interactive Entertainment Limited (which
operates Legend of Mir and Actoz Softs Legend of Mir 2), Guangzhou Optisps (which operates
Wemades Legend of Mir 3), 163.com affiliated with NetEase (which operates Westward Journey
Online and Fantasy Westward Journey), Sohu.com (which operates Tian Long Ba Bu), Perfect
World, Co. Ltd. (which operates Perfect World, Zhu Xian, and Chi Bi), and Giant Interactive
Group (which operates ZT Online and Giant Online).
Our existing and potential competitors may compete with us in marketing activities, quality of
online games and sales and distribution network. Some of our existing and potential competitors
have significantly greater financial and marketing resources than we do. For a discussion of risks
relating to competition, see Risk Factors Risks Related to Our Company We may not be able to
maintain our profitability, financial or operational success in our market as we operate in a
highly competitive industry and compete against many large companies.
Intellectual Property
Our intellectual property rights include trademarks and domain names associated with the name
the9 in China and copyright and other rights associated with our websites, technology platform,
self-developed software and other aspects of our business. We regard our intellectual property
rights as critical to our business. We rely on trademark and copyright law, trade secret
protection, non-competition and confidentiality agreements with our employees, and license
agreements with our partners, to protect our intellectual property rights. We require our
employees to enter into agreements requiring them to keep confidential all information relating to
our customers, methods, business and trade secrets during and after their employment with us and
assign their inventions developed during their employment to us. Our employees are required to
acknowledge and recognize that all inventions, trade secrets, works of authorship, developments and
other processes made by them during their employment are our property.
We have registered our domain names including www.the9.com, www.muchina.com and
www.wowchina.com with third-party domain registration entities, and have legal rights over these
domain names through Shanghai IT, our affiliated PRC entity. We
conduct our business under the
brand name and the9 logo. We have registered the marks
the9 and
as well as our logo with
the Trade Mark Office of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce in China. We have also
filed trademark applications for the marks
through Shanghai IT in China. In 2007, we
transferred certain of these trademarks to Shanghai IT as required by the New MII Notice.
Legal Proceedings
We are currently awaiting an initial hearing date for a lawsuit filed by Beijing Founder
Electronics Co., Ltd. (Founder) alleging that WoW client installation packages sold in 2007
contained fonts that infringe Founders intellectual property rights. Other than that, we are not
currently a party to any material litigation or other legal proceeding and are not aware of any
pending or threatened litigation or other legal proceeding that may have a material adverse impact
on our business or operations.
Government Regulations
Current PRC laws and regulations impose substantial restrictions on foreign ownership of the
online gaming and Internet content provision businesses in China. As a result, we conduct our
online gaming and Internet content provision businesses in China through contractual arrangements
with Shanghai IT, our affiliated PRC entity. Shanghai IT is ultimately owned by our shareholder
Jun Zhu, and Yong Wang, both of whom are PRC citizens.
34
In the opinion of our PRC counsel, Fangda Partners, the ownership structure and the business
operation models of our PRC subsidiaries and our affiliated entity comply with all applicable PRC
laws, rules and regulations. In addition, no consent, approval or license is required under any
of the existing laws and regulations of China for their ownership structure, businesses and
operations except for those which we have already obtained or which would not have a material
adverse effect on our business or operations as a whole.
As the online games industry is at an early stage of development in China, new laws and
regulations may be adopted from time to time to require additional licenses and permits other than
those we currently have, and address new issues that arise from time to time. As a result,
substantial uncertainties exist regarding the interpretation and implementation of current and any
future PRC laws and regulations applicable to the online games industry. See Item 3, Risk Factors
Risks Related to Doing Business in China The laws and regulations governing the online game
industry in China are developing and subject to future changes. If we fail to obtain or maintain
all applicable permits and approvals, our business and operations would be materially and adversely
affected.
Internet Content Provision Service, Online Gaming and Internet Publishing
Our provision of online game-related content on our websites is subject to various PRC laws
and regulations relating to the telecommunications industry, Internet and online gaming, and
regulated by various government authorities, including the Ministry of Industry and Information,
the Ministry of Culture, the General Administration of Press and Publication and the State
Administration of Industry and Commerce. The principal PRC regulations governing the Internet
content provision industry as well as the online gaming services in China include:
|
|
|
Telecommunications Regulations (2000); |
|
|
|
|
The Administrative Rules for Foreign Investments in Telecommunications Enterprises
(2001); |
|
|
|
|
The Administrative Measures for Telecommunications Business Operating Licenses
(2001); |
|
|
|
|
The Internet Information Services Administrative Measures (2000); |
|
|
|
|
The Tentative Measures for Administration of Internet Culture (2003); |
|
|
|
|
The Notice on Several Issues Relating to the Implementation of The Tentative
Measures for Administration of Internet Culture (2003); |
|
|
|
|
The Tentative Measures for Administration of Internet Publication (2002); and |
|
|
|
|
The Foreign Investment Industrial Guidance Catalogue (2007). |
In July 2006, the MII issued a notice entitled Notice on Strengthening Management of Foreign
Investment in Operating Value-Added Telecommunication Services, or the New MII Notice. The New
MII Notice prohibits ICP license holders from leasing, transferring or selling a telecommunications
business operating license to any foreign investors in any form, or providing any resource, sites
or facilities to any foreign investors for their illegal operation of telecommunications business
in China. The notice also requires that ICP license holders and their shareholders directly own
the domain names and trademarks used by such ICP license holders in their daily operations. The
notice further requires each ICP license holder to have the necessary facilities for its approved
business operations and to maintain such facilities in the regions covered by its license. In
addition, all the value-added telecommunication service providers are required to maintain network
and information security in accordance with the standards set forth under relevant PRC regulations.
The local authorities in charge of telecommunications services are required to ensure that
existing ICP license holders conducted a self-assessment of their compliance with the New MII
Notice and to submit status reports to the MII before November 1, 2006. For those which are not in
compliance with the above requirements and further fail to rectify the situation, the relevant
governmental authorities would have broad discretion to adopt one or more measures against them,
including but not limited to
35
revoking their operating licenses. See Risk Factors Risks Related to Our Company PRC
laws and regulations, including the New MII Notice issued in July 2006, restrict foreign ownership
of the Internet content provision, Internet culture operation and Internet publishing licenses, and
substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the application and implementation of PRC laws and
regulations.
Under these regulations, a foreign investor is currently prohibited from owning more than 50%
of the equity interest in a PRC entity that provides value-added telecommunications services.
Internet content provision services are classified as value-added telecommunications businesses,
and a commercial operator of such services must obtain a value-added telecommunications business
operating license for Internet content provision (the ICP License) from the appropriate
telecommunications authorities in order to carry on any commercial Internet content provision
operations in China.
With respect to the online gaming industry in China, since online games fall into the
definition of Internet culture products under The Tentative Measures for Internet Culture
Administration (2003), a commercial operator of online games must, in
addition to the ICP license,
obtain an Internet culture operation license from the appropriate culture administrative
authorities for its operation of online games. Furthermore, according to The Tentative Measures
for Internet Publication Administration (2002), the provision of online games is deemed an Internet
publication activity. Therefore, approval from the appropriate press and publication
administrative authorities as an Internet publisher or cooperation with a licensed Internet
publisher is required for an online game operator to carry on its online gaming businesses in
China. Furthermore, online games, regardless of whether imported or domestic, must be registered
with the Ministry of Industry and Information and such online games are subject to a content review
and approval by or filing with the Ministry of Culture and the General Administration of Press and
Publication prior to commencement of operations in China.
The General Administration of Press and Publication and the Ministry of Industry and
Information jointly impose a license requirement for any company that intends to engage in Internet
publishing, defined as any act by an Internet information service provider to select, edit and
process content or programs and to make such content or programs publicly available on the
Internet. Furthermore, the distribution of online game cards and CD-keys for online gaming
programs are subject to a licensing requirement. Shanghai IT holds the license necessary to
distribute electronic publications, which allows it to distribute prepaid cards and CD-Keys for the
games we operate. We sell our prepaid cards and CD-Keys through third-party distributors, which
are responsible for maintaining requisite licenses for distributing our prepaid cards and CD Keys
in China. See Item 3, Key Information Risk Factors Risks Related to Our Company We rely
on services from third parties to carry out our businesses and to deliver our prepaid cards to
customers, and if there is any interruption or deterioration in the quality of these services, our
customers may cease using our products and services.
On February 15, 2007, fourteen governmental authorities, including the Ministry of Culture,
the MII, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, and the Peoples Bank of China (PBOC),
jointly issued a circular entitled a Circular for Further Strengthening the Administration of
Internet Café and Online Games. This circular gave the PBOC administrative authority over virtual
currencies issued by online game operators for use by players in online games to avoid the
potential impact such virtual currencies may have on the real-world financial systems. According
to this circular, the volume that may be issued and the purchase of such virtual currencies must be
restricted, and virtual currency must not be used for the purchase of any physical products,
refunded with a premium or otherwise illegally traded.
The operation of SMS in China is classified as a value-added telecommunication business and
SMS service providers shall obtain the relevant value-added telecommunication business permits.
Furthermore, the Ministry of Industry and Information has promulgated rules requiring ICP
license holders that provide online bulletin board services to register with, and obtain approval
from, the relevant telecommunication authorities.
Regulation of Internet Content
The PRC government has promulgated measures relating to Internet content through a number of
ministries and agencies, including the Ministry of Industry and Information, the Ministry of
Culture and the General
36
Administration of Press and Publication. These measures specifically prohibit Internet
activities, which includes the operation of online games, that result in the publication of any
content which is found to, among other things, propagate obscenity, gambling or violence, instigate
crimes, undermine public morality or the cultural traditions of the PRC, or compromise State
security or secrets. See Item 3, Key Information Risks Factors Risks Related to Doing
Business in China The laws and regulations governing the online game industry in China are
developing and subject to future changes. If we fail to obtain or maintain all applicable permits
and approvals, our business and operations would be materially and adversely affected. If an ICP
license holder violates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down
its websites.
In April 2007, various governmental authorities, including the General Administration of Press
and Publication, the Ministry of Industry and Information, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry
of Public Security, and other relevant authorities jointly issued a circular concerning the
mandatory implementation of an anti-fatigue system in online games, which was aimed at protecting
the physical and psychological health of minors. This circular required all online games to
incorporate an anti-fatigue system and an identity verification system, both of which have
limited the amount of time that a minor or other user may continuously spend playing an online
game. We have implemented such anti-fatigue and identification systems on all of our online
games as required. Additional requirements for anti-fatigue and identification systems in our
games, as well as the implementation of any other measures required by any new regulations the PRC
government may enact to further tighten its administration of the Internet and online games, and
its supervision of Internet cafés, may limit or slow down our prospects for growth, or may
materially and adversely affect our business results. See Item 3, Key Information Risks
Factors Risks Related to Doing Business in China Our business may be adversely affected by
public opinion and government policies in China.
Regulation of Information Security
Internet content in China is also regulated and restricted from a State security standpoint.
The National Peoples Congress, Chinas national legislative body, has enacted a law that may
subject to criminal punishment in China any effort to: (1) gain improper entry into a computer or
system of strategic importance; (2) disseminate politically disruptive information; (3) leak State
secrets; (4) spread false commercial information; or (5) infringe intellectual property rights.
The Ministry of Public Security has promulgated measures that prohibit use of the Internet in
ways which, among other things, result in a leakage of State secrets or a spread of socially
destabilizing content. The Ministry of Public Security has supervision and inspection rights in
this regard, and we may be subject to the jurisdiction of the local security bureaus. See Item 3,
Key Information Risks Factors Risks Related to Doing Business in China Regulation and
censorship of information disseminated over the Internet in China may adversely affect our
business, and we may be liable for information displayed on, retrieved from, or linked to our
Internet websites. If an ICP license holder violates these measures, the PRC government may revoke
its ICP license and shut down its websites.
Import Regulation
Our ability to obtain licenses for online games from abroad and import them into China is
regulated in several ways. We are required to register with the Ministry of Commerce any license
agreement with a foreign licensor that involves an import of technologies, including online game
software into China. Without that registration, we may not remit licensing fees out of China to
any foreign game licensor. In addition, the Ministry of Culture requires us to submit for its
content review and/or approval of any online games we want to license from overseas game developers
or any patch or updates of such game if it contains substantial changes. If we license and operate
games without that approval, the Ministry of Culture may impose penalties on us, including revoking
the Internet culture operation license required for the operation of online games in China. Also,
pursuant to a jointly issued notice in July 2004, the General Administration of Press and
Publication and the State Copyright Bureau require us to obtain their approval for imported online
game publications. Furthermore, the State Copyright Bureau requires us to register copyright
license agreements relating to imported software. Without the State Copyright Bureau registration,
we cannot remit licensing fees out of China to any foreign game licensor and are not allowed to
publish or reproduce the imported game software in China.
37
Intellectual Property Rights
The State Council and the State Copyright Bureau have promulgated various regulations and
rules relating to protection of software in China. Under these regulations and rules, software
owners, licensees and transferees may register their rights in software with the State Copyright
Bureau or its local branches and obtain software copyright registration certificates. Although
such registration is not mandatory under PRC law, software owners, licensees and transferees are
encouraged to go through the registration process and registered software rights may receive better
protections. We have registered all of our in-house developed online games with the State
Copyright Bureau.
Internet Café Regulation
Internet cafés are required to obtain a license from the Ministry of Culture and the State
Administration for Industry and Commerce, and are subject to requirements and regulations with
respect to location, size, number of computers, age limit of customers and business hours.
Although we do not own or operate any Internet cafés, many Internet cafés distribute our virtual
pre-paid cards. The PRC government has enacted laws to intensify its regulation and administration
of Internet cafés, which are currently the primary venue for our users to play online games.
Intensified government regulation of Internet cafés could restrict our ability to maintain or
increase our revenues and expand our customer base. See Item 3, Key Information Risks Factors
Risks Related to Doing Business in China Intensified government regulation of Internet cafés
could limit our ability to maintain or increase our revenues and expand our customer base.
Privacy Protection
PRC laws and regulations do not prohibit Internet content providers from collecting and
analyzing personal information from their users. We require our users to accept a user agreement
whereby they agree to provide certain personal information to us. PRC law prohibits Internet
content providers from disclosing to any third parties any information transmitted by users through
their networks unless otherwise permitted by law. If an Internet content provider violates these
regulations, the Ministry of Industry and Information or its local bureaus may impose penalties and
the Internet content provider may be liable for damages caused to its users.
Regulation of Foreign Currency Exchange and Dividend Distribution
Foreign Currency Exchange. Foreign currency exchange regulation in China is primarily
governed by the following rules:
|
|
|
Foreign Exchange Administration Rules (1996), as amended, or the Exchange Rules; and |
|
|
|
|
Administration Rules of the Settlement, Sale and Payment of Foreign Exchange (1996),
or the Administration Rules. |
Pursuant to the Exchange Rules, the RMB is freely convertible for trade and service-related
foreign exchange transactions, but not for direct investment, loan, investment in securities, or
other transactions through a capital account outside China unless the prior approval of the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange of the Peoples Republic of China is obtained. Further, foreign
investment enterprises in China may purchase foreign exchange without the approval of the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange of the Peoples Republic of China for trade and service-related
foreign exchange transactions by providing commercial documents evidencing these transactions.
Foreign investment enterprises that need foreign exchange for the distribution of profits to their
shareholders may effect payment from their foreign exchange account or purchase and pay foreign
exchange at the designated foreign exchange banks to their foreign shareholders by producing board
resolutions for such profit distribution. Under the Administration Rules, based on their needs,
foreign investment enterprises are permitted to open foreign exchange settlement accounts for
current account receipts and payments of foreign exchange along with specialized accounts for
capital account receipts and payments of foreign exchange at certain designated foreign exchange
banks.
38
Dividend Distribution. The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends of
foreign holding companies include:
|
|
|
The Foreign Investment Enterprise Law (1986), as amended; and |
|
|
|
|
Administrative Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law (2001). |
Under these regulations, foreign investment enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of
their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and
regulations. In addition, foreign investment enterprises in China are required to allocate at
least 10% of their respective profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds until the
cumulative total of the allocated reserve funds reaches 50% of an enterprises registered capital.
These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends.
Regulation of Foreign Exchange in Certain Onshore and Offshore Transactions
On October 21, 2005, SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of
Foreign Exchange in Fund-raising and Reverse Investment Activities of Domestic Residents Conducted
via Offshore Special Purpose Companies, or Notice 75, which became effective as of November 1,
2005.
According to Notice 75:
|
|
|
prior to establishing or assuming control of an offshore company for the purposes of
financing that offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore
enterprise in the PRC, each PRC resident, whether a natural person or a legal entity,
must complete the overseas investment foreign exchange registration procedures with the
local SAFE branch; |
|
|
|
|
an amendment to the registration with the local SAFE branch is required to be filed
by any PRC resident that directly or indirectly holds interests in that offshore
company upon either (1) the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore
enterprise in the offshore company, or (2) the completion of any overseas fundraising
by such offshore company; and |
|
|
|
|
an amendment to the registration with the local SAFE branch is also required to be
filed by such PRC resident when there is any material change involving a change in the
capital of the offshore company, such as (1) an increase or decrease in its capital,
(2) a transfer or swap of shares, (3) a merger or division,
(4) a long-term equity or
debt investment, or (5) the creation of any security interests over the relevant assets
located in China. |
Moreover, Notice 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or
acquired control of offshore companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past
are required to complete the relevant overseas investment foreign exchange registration
requirements by March 31, 2006. Under the relevant rules, failure to comply with the registration
procedures set forth in Notice 75 or the rules implementing Notice 75 may result in restrictions
being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant onshore company, including an
increase of its registered capital, the payment of dividends and other distributions to its
offshore parent or affiliate and the capital inflow from the offshore entity, and may also subject
the relevant onshore company and PRC residents to penalties under PRC foreign exchange
administration regulations.
In 2007, SAFE further issued relevant guidance to its local branches with respect to the
operational process for SAFE registration, which standardized more specific and stringent
supervision on the registration relating to SAFE Circular No. 75 and imposed obligations on onshore
subsidiaries of offshore special purpose companies to coordinate with and supervise the beneficial
owners of the offshore entity who are PRC residents to complete the SAFE registration process.
As a result of the uncertainties relating to the interpretation and implementation of Notice
75, we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or strategies. For
example, our present or future PRC subsidiaries ability to conduct foreign exchange activities,
such as remittance of dividends and foreign-
39
currency-denominated borrowings, may be subject to compliance with such SAFE registration
requirements by relevant PRC residents, over whom we have no control. In addition, we cannot
assure you that any such PRC residents will be able to complete the necessary approval and
registration procedures required by the SAFE regulations. We have requested that all of our
shareholders whom we know are PRC residents or have PRC residents as their ultimate beneficial
owners comply with any SAFE registration requirement, but we have no control over our shareholders.
Any non-compliance may adversely affect our ability to expatriate dividends or other distributions
or receive capital inflow from offshore entities and may restrict our ability to implement our
acquisition strategy and adversely affect our business and prospects.
C. Organizational Structure
The following diagram illustrates our companys organizational structure, and the place of
formation, ownership interest of each of our subsidiaries and the affiliated entity that operates
WoW, MU, GE and SUN in China.
D. Property, Plant and Equipment
Our headquarters are located on premises comprising approximately 14,000 square meters in an
office building in Shanghai, China. We purchased the office building in which our headquarters are
located, and lease all of our other premises from unrelated third parties. In addition, we have
small branch offices in Beijing, Nanjing, Wuhan and Xian, Chengdu and Shenyang, China. Our
equipment consists substantially of numerous servers and network devices located in nine internet
data centers throughout China.
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon
and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and their related
notes included in this annual report on Form 20-F. This report contains forward-looking
statements. See Item 1, Introduction Forward-Looking
40
Information. In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the information provided under the caption Risk Factors in this
annual report on Form 20-F. We caution you that our businesses and financial performance are
subject to substantial risks and uncertainties.
A. Overview
We are a leading online game operator in China.
In September 2002, we and Webzen formed 9Webzen to localize and operate MU in China. Prior to
December 2005, we held a 51% ownership interest in 9Webzen. We accounted for our interest in
9Webzen using the equity method because under the joint venture agreement, Webzen has the right to
participate in certain decisions to be made in the ordinary course of business of 9Webzen. 9Webzen
began to charge users for MU playing time in February 2003, and has derived substantially all of
its revenues through sales of prepaid cards and prepaid online points for MU playing time to
distributors, who in turn sell them to end customers. From February 2003 to early 2005, we had
derived our revenues primarily from provision of game operating support services in connection with
operating MU in China.
In December 2005, in light of the declining popularity of the MU game, which comprised
substantially all of 9Webzens revenues, and to concentrate our resources on the WoW game, we
entered into an agreement with Webzen Inc. to sell a 21% interest in 9Webzen to Webzen Inc. After
the consummation of the sale, our interest in 9Webzen was reduced from 51% to 30%. As a result,
and due to our substantial increase in revenues resulting from the commercial launch of the WoW
game in China, the portion of our income attributable to our equity interest in 9Webzen and our
share of the total assets of 9Webzen were less than 20% of The9s operating income and total
assets, respectively, for the year. Because 9Webzens financial position and results of operation
are no longer material to us, audited financial statements for 9Webzen have not been required since
2005. For a discussion of 9Webzens historical operating and financial information, see our annual
report on Form 20-F for the year 2004, filed with the SEC on June 30, 2005.
In July 2003, we and China Interactive formed C9I to localize and operate the WoW game in
China. We have had effective control over C9Is management and operations since its inception. In
February 2005, C9I established a wholly-owned subsidiary, C9I Shanghai, to operate WoW in China in
cooperation with Shanghai IT. We initially owned 54% of C9I and through a series of transactions
with China Interactive, C9I became our wholly-owned subsidiary in August 2005. WoW was
commercially launched in China in June 2005. In 2006 and 2007, 99% and 92% of our total revenues
were attributable to the operation of WoW in China, including game play time, merchandise sales and
other related revenues. We expect to continue to depend on WoW for most of our revenues in the
near future.
To broaden our product offerings and enhance our leadership position in the online game market
in China, we have obtained exclusive licenses to operate additional MMORPGs in China, including
Granado Espada, Soul of the Ultimate Nation, Mystina Online, Hellgate: London, Ragnarok Online 2,
Emil Chronicle Online, Huxley, Audition 2 and EA Sports FIFA Online, Burn the Floor, and Atlantica.
In addition, in September 2006, we commercially launched JJW, our first proprietary MMORPG.
The major factors affecting our results of operations and financial condition are:
|
|
|
our revenue composition and sources of revenue growth; |
|
|
|
|
our cost of services; |
|
|
|
|
our operating expenses; and |
|
|
|
|
arrangements with online game developers. |
Each of these factors is discussed below.
41
Revenue Composition and Sources of Revenue Growth.
In 2007, we generated substantially all of our revenues from online game services, and a minor
portion of our revenues from other services.
Online Game Services. Our online game service revenues for the years before 2005 were
primarily derived from sales of prepaid playing time for the9 City. Since we commercially launched
WoW in China in June 2005, we have derived substantially all of our online game service revenues
from sales of WoW playing time. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, revenues from our online game services
amounted to RMB466.6 million, RMB1,028.0 million and RMB1,331.0 million (US$182.5 million),
respectively. The year-on-year increase was mainly due to revenue growth from Blizzard
Entertainments World of Warcraft as well as revenues from two new massively multiplayer online
role playing games (MMORPGs) launched in 2007. The growth revenue from World of Warcraft was
primarily attributable to its expansion packages of the Burning Crusade, which was launched in
September 2007 and attracted numerous users.
Time Consumption Model. We generate online game service revenues through the sale of playing
time, mostly through sales of prepaid cards and prepaid online points to distributors who in turn
sell them to end users. Both prepaid cards and prepaid online points provide customers with a
pre-specified length of game playing time. All prepaid fees received from distributors are
initially recognized as advances from customers. Prepaid fees are recognized as deferred revenue
upon the customers online registration and activation of their cards or online points, and then
recognized as revenue upon the actual usage of the game playing time by end customers or when the
likelihood that it will provide further online game service to those customers is remote.
Virtual Items and Services Consumption Model. We also generate online game service revenues
through the sale of in-game premium features. In this model, players can access our basic games
free of charge and then may use game points to purchase in-game premium features. The distribution
of points to end users is typically made through sales of prepaid game cards and prepaid online
points. Fees of prepaid game cards and prepaid online points are deferred when initially received.
This revenue is recognized over the life of the premium features or as the premium features are
consumed.
Future usage patterns may differ from the historical usage patterns on which the virtual items
and services consumption model is based. We will continue to monitor the operational statistics
and usage patterns of inactive cards.
Game Operating Support, Website Solutions and Advertisement. Prior to the commercial launch
of WoW in China in June 2005, we derived a significant portion of our revenues from providing game
operating support and website solutions and advertisement services, including website development
and construction, hardware and software support, staff training, maintenance and advertisement. In
2005, 2006 and 2007, revenues from our game operating support, website solutions and advertisement
services were RMB6.1 million, RMB4.8 million and RMB8.5 million (US$1.2 million), respectively.
The increase was mainly due to the net effect of increased revenue from advertisement, sales of
internally developed software, and decreased technical service fees from certain joint ventures.
Short Message Services. We began offering SMS services near the end of 2003. In 2005, 2006
and 2007, revenues from our SMS services amounted to RMB3.4 million, RMB0.4 million and RMB0.6
million (US$0.08 million) respectively.
Other Revenues. Our other sources of revenues primarily consist of revenues recognized from
sales of game-related accessories and merchandise. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, revenues from our other
products and services amounted to RMB13.2 million, RMB5.1 million and RMB10.0 million (US$1.4
million), respectively.
42
Cost of Services. Our cost of services consists of costs directly attributable to rendering
our products and services, including royalties which are equal to 22% of the face value of our
prepaid cards and online points and either 37.7% or 39% of the face value of the CD-Keys sold for
WoW, amortization of the initial game license fee, amortization of intangible assets from the
acquisition of C9I and other upfront license fees and other WoW-related costs, depreciation of
property and equipment, consisting primarily of server depreciation charges, Internet data center
and broadband bandwidth rental fees, production costs for prepaid cards and compensation to our
customer service representatives and game-related technical IT personnel. We expect that our cost
of services will increase primarily because we plan to establish new centralized servers in
connection with the launch and operation of the new games.
Operating Expenses. Our operating expenses consist primarily of product development expenses,
sales and marketing expenses, general and administrative expenses and impairment of intangible
assets.
Product Development. Our product development expenses consist primarily of outsource research
and development expenses, compensation to our product development personnel, equipment and software
depreciation charges and other expenses for the development of online games. Our other product
development costs include costs that we have incurred to develop and maintain our websites. We
expect that our product development expenses will increase in the near future as we expand our
internal game development capabilities.
Sales and Marketing. Our sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of advertising and
marketing expenses to promote WoW, SUN, GE and other games and compensation to our sales and
marketing personnel. As we intend to continue aggressively marketing and promoting the WoW game
and other MMORPGs, we expect that our sales and marketing expenses will increase.
General and Administrative. Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of
compensation and travel expenses for our administrative staff, depreciation of property and
equipment, entertainment expenses, administrative office expenses, as well as fees paid to
professional service providers for auditing and legal services. We
expect general and administrative expenses will increase with the
expansion of our business.
Impairment of Intangible Assets. Our expenses associated with the impairment of intangible
assets consist primarily of impairment provisions for certain intangible assets relating to games
which have ceased operation.
Arrangements with Online Game Developers. Because our business prospects depend significantly
on C9Is exclusive right to operate WoW in China, we must maintain a satisfactory relationship with
VUG, the licensor of WoW. In connection with our licensing and operation of WoW in China, we are
obligated to pay royalties equal to 22% of the face value of WoW prepaid cards and online points
and either 37.7% or 39% of the face value of the CD-Keys sold by us by making recoupable advances
against royalty payments in an aggregate amount of approximately US$51.3 million over a four-year
period commencing from the commercial launch. We are also obligated to incur a certain percentage
of WoW gross sales in the marketing and promotion of WoW in China during the four-year term of the
license. As security for each advance payment, C9I is obligated to procure a standby letter of
credit prior to each relevant period.
The license agreement with VUG also provides that the license to the WoW game is
non-assignable, non-sublicensable and non-transferable. VUG has the right to, among others, (i)
modify WoW in any manner and at any time without liability to C9I; and (ii) except for those rights
expressly granted to C9I, exploit its intellectual property in any manner, including the right to
grant licenses to third parties for further exploitation of WoW in such form as movies, television
exploitation and merchandising, and the exploitation of other versions of WoW in China. In
addition, VUG retains ownership of all its intellectual property rights, including those relating
to the localized WoW.
VUG has the right to terminate this agreement: (i) upon C9Is failure to cure a material
breach of the agreement within 30 days; (ii) in the event C9I attempts any unauthorized assignment
for the benefit of creditors, files any petition for reorganization, rearrangement of its business,
enters bankruptcy, insolvency or receivership; or (iii) if C9I merges, consolidates or otherwise
experiences any substantial change in management or control of more than 20% of its common stock or
the equivalent, without obtaining Vivendi Universal Games prior written consent.
43
Upon expiration or termination of the license agreement for any reason, we are obligated to,
among other things, immediately cease using any VUG trademarks, logos or trade names, as well as to
cease the manufacture, distribution and sale of WoW game cards and online game points. We shall
also immediately cease operations pertaining to the localized WoW. If the license agreement is
terminated for cause for any reason other than our failure to obtain the requisite approvals and
permits from the governmental authorities in China, then the recoupable advances due for the
quarterly period in which the termination is effected, as well as the recoupable advances for the
immediately following quarterly period, and all other payments due and owing will be immediately
due and payable to Vivendi Universal Games within ten days of the effective date of termination,
and we will not be entitled to any refund of any licensee fee or other payments we made pursuant to
the license agreement.
Our business prospects also depend in part on our exclusive rights to operate other licensed
games, including Granado Espada, Soul of the Ultimate Nation, Hellgate: London, Ragnarok Online 2,
Huxley, Email Chronicles Online, EA Sports FIFA Online, Audition 2, Burn the Floor, and Atlantica
in China. We also operate MU through 9Webzen (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., our joint venture with Webzen
Inc. If we are unable to maintain a satisfactory relationship with any of our online game
developers, or if any of our online game developers either establishes similar or more favorable
relationships with our competitors in violation of its contractual arrangements with us, our
operating results and our business would be harmed and, the price of our ADSs and ordinary shares
could decline.
Holding Company Structure
We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, and rely primarily on dividends
and other distributions from our subsidiaries and our affiliate in China for our cash requirements.
Current PRC regulations restrict our affiliated entity and subsidiaries from paying dividends in
the following two principal aspects: (i) our affiliated entity and subsidiaries in China are only
permitted to pay dividends out of their respective accumulated profits, if any, determined in
accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations; and (ii) these entities are required to
allocate at least 10% of their respective accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund certain
capital reserves until the cumulative total of the allocated reserves reach 50% of registered
capital, and these reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. See Item 4, Information on
the Company Business Overview Government Regulations. In addition, failure to comply with
relevant State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, regulations may restrict the ability of
our subsidiaries to make dividend payments to us. See Item 3, Key Information Risk Factors
Risks Related to Doing Business in China Recent PRC regulations relating to the establishment of
offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders or us
to penalties and limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiary, limit our
subsidiarys ability to increase its registered capital, distribute profits to us, or otherwise
adversely affect us. As of December 31, 2007, approximately RMB100.3 million (US$13.7 million) of
our portion of the net assets of our affiliated entity and subsidiaries in China were subject to
the regulatory restrictions on transfer to their shareholders in the form of cash dividends.
Regulation of Internet Business in China
The PRC government heavily regulates the Internet sector in China, including the legality of
foreign investments in the PRC Internet sector, the permit requirements for companies in the
Internet industry and the existence and enforcement of restrictions on Internet content and the
licensing. See Item 4, Information on the Company Business Overview Government
Regulations.
In order to comply with restrictions imposed by current PRC laws and regulations on foreign
ownership of the Internet content provision, Internet culture operation and advertising businesses
in China, we operate our PRC online gaming and Internet content provision businesses through
contractual arrangements with Shanghai IT. Shanghai IT is ultimately owned by our shareholder Jun
Zhu, and Yong Wang, both of whom are PRC citizens.
In April 2001, the PRC government began tightening its supervision of Internet cafés, closing
unlicensed Internet cafés, requiring those remaining open to install software to prevent access to
sites deemed subversive and requiring web portals to sign a pledge not to host subversive sites.
Furthermore, the PRC governments policy, which encourages the development of a limited number of
national and regional Internet café chains and discourages the establishment of independent
Internet cafés, may slow down the growth of Internet cafés. The issuance of
44
Internet café licenses has been suspended from time to time and was suspended again in 2007. As Internet cafés are the
primary venue for users to play our games, any reduction in the number, or any slowdown in the
growth, of Internet cafés in China, or any tightening of the governmental requirements relating to
the customers age, business hours and other operational aspects of Internet cafés, could limit our
ability to maintain or increase our revenues and expand our customer base, which will materially
and adversely affect our business and results of operations. Furthermore, the Ministry of Culture
has issued a notice to require, among other things, the review and prior approval of all the new
online games licensed from foreign game developers and related license agreements. The
pre-approval will not be granted if the Ministry of Culture finds the content of the game
objectionable or the terms of the related license agreement grossly unfairly to the Chinese
licensee. There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain the pre-approvals for our new
licensed foreign games in a timely manner.
In 2007, various governmental authorities, including the General Administration of Press and
Publication, the Ministry of Industry and Information, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of
Public Security, and other relevant authorities jointly issued a circular concerning the mandatory
implementation of an anti-fatigue system in online games, which aimed to protect the physical and
psychological health of minors. This law required all online games to incorporate an anti-fatigue
system and an identity verification system, both of which have limited the amount of time that a
minor or other users may continuously spend playing an online game. We have implemented such anti
fatigue and identification systems on all of our online games. Further strengthening of such
anti-fatigue and identification systems or the implementation of any other measures required by any
new regulations the PRC government may enact to further tighten its administration of the Internet
and online games, and its supervision of Internet cafés, may limit or slow down our prospects for
growth, or may materially and adversely affect our business results. See Item 3, Key Information
Risks Factors Risks Related to Doing Business in China Our business may be adversely
affected by public opinion and government policies in China.
Certain PRC regulatory authorities have published regulations that subject website operators
to potential liability for content included on their websites and the actions of users and others
using their systems. As these regulations are relatively new and subject to interpretation by the
relevant authorities, it may not be possible for us to determine in all cases the type of content
that could result in liability for us as a website operator. To the extent that PRC regulatory
authorities find any portion of our content objectionable, they may require us to limit or
eliminate the dissemination of such information or otherwise curtail the nature of such content on
our websites, which may reduce our user traffic. In addition, we may be subject to significant
penalties for violations of those regulations arising from information displayed on, retrieved from
or linked to our websites, including a suspension or shutdown of our operations.
Income and Sales Taxes
Companies established in China are generally subject to the EIT, at a statutory rate of 33%,
while The9 Computer, C9I Shanghai, Shanghai IT, Shanghai Jincheng
Advertisement and 9Webzen Shanghai were subject to a 15% EIT rate for the years ended December 31,
2005, 2006 and 2007 due to their place of incorporation in the Zhang Jiang Hi-tech Park of Pudong
New District of Shanghai. In addition C9I Beijing is currently exempt from EIT as it is
incorporated in the Zhongguancun High-tech Park in Beijing and the applicable government
authorities in Beijing granted it High and New Technology Enterprise status. This tax status entitled
C9I Beijing to enjoy EIT exemption for 2007, and the exemption is anticipated to continue through
2008 and 2009, and with a 50% reduction in the applicable EIT rate for the three years thereafter,
if it continuously keeps its qualification as a High and New
Technology Enterprise.
The National Peoples Congress of the PRC adopted and promulgated the New Tax Law on March 16,
2007, which became effective on January 1, 2008. In addition, a series of rules have been
promulgated subsequently for the implementation of the New Tax Law. The New Tax Law adopted a
unified enterprise income tax rate at 25% which is generally applicable to both domestic and
foreign-invested enterprises in China and eliminated most preferential tax treatment available
under previous tax laws and regulations. The New Tax Law and its implementation rules contemplate various transition periods and measures for previously
existing preferential tax policies, including a 5-year period for enterprises that were entitled to
a lower income tax rate to gradually transition to the new ordinary income tax rate of 25% and
continued implementation of preferential tax treatment with a fixed term until the expiration of
such fixed term. Most of our PRC subsidiaries or affiliated entities will not be entitled to such
transition treatments.
45
Certain enterprises may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15% under the New Tax
Law and its implementation rules if they qualify as High and
New Technology Enterprises strongly
supported by the state but we cannot assure you that our PRC subsidiaries or affiliated entities
will meet the criteria set by the relevant regulations and rules and
be qualified as High and New
Technology Enterprises strongly supported by the state for this purpose.
Thus, our PRC subsidiaries or affiliated entities may no longer be entitled to such
preferential tax rates or transition treatments, or any other preferential tax treatments under the
New Tax Law.
According
to the New Tax Law and its implementation rules, High and New
Technology Enterprises
are strongly supported by the state and may still benefit from a preferential tax rate of 15%. In
April 2008, the Chinese tax authorities announced general guidance on the applicable requirements
and application procedures for preferential tax treatment as a High
and New Technology Enterprise.
We are awaiting additional official guidance to determine whether any of our PRC subsidiaries or
affiliated entity will be entitled to such preferential tax rate.
In addition, under the New Tax Law, enterprises organized under the laws of their respective
jurisdictions outside the PRC may be classified as either non-resident enterprises or resident
enterprises. Non-resident enterprises are subject to withholding tax at the rate of 20% with
respect to their PRC-sourced dividend income if they have no establishment or place of business in
the PRC or if such income is not related to their establishment or place of business in the PRC,
unless otherwise exempted or reduced according to treaties or arrangements between the PRC central
government and the governments of other countries or regions. The State Council has reduced the
withholding tax rate to 10% in the newly promulgated implementation rules of the New Tax Law. As
we are incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we may be regarded as a non-resident enterprise. We
hold our The9 Computer and C9I through GameNow.net (Hong Kong) Ltd., and China The9 Interactive
Limited, GameNow.net (Hong Kong) Ltd. and China The9 Interactive Limited are companies incorporated
in Hong Kong. According to the Tax Agreement between the PRC and Hong Kong, dividends paid by a
foreign-invested enterprise in the PRC to its corporate shareholder in Hong Kong holding 25% or
more of its equity interest will be subject to withholding tax at the maximum rate of 5%.
However, the new law deems an enterprise established offshore but having its management organ
in the PRC as a resident enterprise that will be subject to PRC tax on its global income. Under
the Implementation Rules of the New Enterprise Income Tax Law, the term management organ is
defined as an organ which has substantial and overall management and control over the
manufacturing and business operation, personnel, accounting, properties and other factors.
As the New Tax Law and its implementation rules have just come into effect, it is unclear how
tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case. As the majority of
our management resides in China, we may be deemed as a resident enterprise under the New Tax Law
and thus be subject to PRC enterprise income tax of 25% on our global income. According to the New
Tax Law and its implementation rules, dividends are exempted from income tax, if such dividends are
received by a resident enterprise on equity interests it directly owns in another resident
enterprise.
The continued eligibility of such preferential tax treatments The9 Computer, C9I Shanghai and
C9I Beijing enjoyed before 2008 are subject to the implementation of the New Tax Law and other
relevant regulations, and most of our PRC subsidiaries may no longer be entitled to such tax
benefits. Under the new CIT Law and related detailed implementation
guidance enacted so far, C9I Beijing is entitled to continue its tax
holiday of 6 years (including 3 years of exemption from CIT
followed by 3 years of 50% reduction in CIT rate since 2007);
however, its CIT rate will increase gradually from 15% in 2007 to 25%
in 2012 and future years. The gradual increase in C9I Beijing's
future CIT rates did not result in a significant change in the Group's
deferred taxation. See Item 3, Key Information Risk Factors Risks Related to Our Company New
income tax laws may increase our tax burden or the tax burden on the holders of our shares of ADSs,
and tax benefits available to us may be reduced or repealed, causing the value of your investment
in us to suffer.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over
financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Because of
its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all
misstatements.
46
A control deficiency exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow
management or employees, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent or
detect misstatements on a timely basis. A material weakness is a
deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control
over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility
that a material misstatement of the companys annual or interim
financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely
basis.
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive
Officer and Chief Financial Officer, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on the Internal Control-Integrated
Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that as of December 31, 2007, we did not
maintain effective control over financial reporting due to a lack of sufficient and appropriate
knowledge, experience and training in the interpretation and application of U.S. GAAP commensurate
with the financial reporting requirements for certain areas, specifically, the recording and
disclosure relating to the assessment and determination of functional currency, accounting for
financial subsidies, accounting for certain types of stock option transactions, accounting for
certain services provided to a vendor, and accounting for certain investments in preferred stock.
Adjustments for the above mentioned areas were incorporated into our final consolidated financial
statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2007 as a result of the involvement of our
auditor.
Our management is evaluating remediation measures we could undertake to address this material
weakness and will continue this evaluation so that we may institute a comprehensive remediation
plan. It is expected that this plan will include but not be limited
to, (a) hiring finance management, resources and personnel with
knowledge and experience in U.S. GAAP, (b) providing more training on
generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of
America to accounting and other relevant personnel, and (c) where necessary, utilizing the services of external consulting
professionals in the area of accounting advisory.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company, our independent registered public
accounting firm, audited the effectiveness of our companys internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2007, as stated in its report,
which appears on page F-2 of this
Form 20-F.
Critical Accounting Policies
We prepare financial statements in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles (U.S. GAAP), which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the
date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the
financial reporting period. We continually evaluate these estimates and assumptions based on the
most recently available information, our own historical experience and various other assumptions
that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for
making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent
from other sources. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting
process, actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require
higher degrees of judgment than others in their application. We consider the policies discussed
below to be critical to an understanding of our financial statements as their application assists
management in making their business decisions.
Revenue Recognition. We generate revenue from the sale of our prepaid game cards and prepaid
online points for our online game products to distributors who in turn ultimately sell them to
customers. We recognize revenue in two ways.
We recognize revenue based on the amount of time our customers spend playing our games. Both
prepaid cards and prepaid online points provide customers with a certain amount of game playing
time that may be used for a pre-specified period of time. All prepaid fees received from
distributors are initially recognized as advances from customers. Prepaid fees are recognized as
deferred revenue upon the customers online registration and activation of their cards or online
points, and recognized as revenue upon the actual usage of the game playing time by customers, when
customers are no longer entitled to access our online games, or when the likelihood that we would
provide further online game service to those customers becomes remote.
47
We also charge our customers for purchases of services and virtual items. In some of our
games, players can access the games free of charge but are charged certain game points for in-game
premium features. Prepaid fees are deferred when received and revenue is recognized over the life
of the premium features or as the premium features are used. We started charging our customers for
purchases of services and virtual items in 2006, and did not recognize significant revenue from
such sales in the year ended December 31, 2006. In 2007, RMB88.2 million net revenue was
recognized under this model.
We sold our proprietary integrated membership management and payment system, Pass9, to
independent third-party companies, for RMB11.7 million and RMB1.9 million in 2005 and 2007,
respectively and sold our multi-channel integrated, internal message exchange and time efficient
job processing platform, Force, to an independent third-party company, for RMB1.1 million in 2007.
We recognized our sale upon delivery of Pass9 and Force to the purchasers. We do not believe that
we have any future obligations associated with the sale and believe that the collectibility of the
associated amount was reasonably assured as of December 31, 2005 and 2007, respectively.
We account for our sales of CD-keys in which we perform multiple revenue-generating activities
in accordance with EITF 00-21, Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables. In accordance
with EITF 00-21, we determine whether an arrangement with multiple deliverables consists of more
than one unit of accounting and whether such arrangement should be allocated among the separate
units of accounting. Determining whether an arrangement consists of more than one unit of
accounting and how considerations should be allocated among the separate units of accounting
require significant judgment, including judgment with regard to whether the delivered item(s) has
value to the customer on a stand-alone basis and the fair value of the undelivered item. Different
judgments may result in different amounts and timing of revenue recognized.
Product Development. We recognize software development costs for development of software,
including online games, to be sold or marketed to customers in accordance with SFAS No. 86,
Accounting for Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed (SFAS No.
86). As such, we expense software development costs incurred prior to technological feasibility.
Once a software product has reached technological feasibility, all subsequent software costs for
that product are capitalized until that product is released for sale or available for marketing.
After an online game is released, the capitalized product development costs are amortized over the
estimated product life. The determination of whether an online game has reached technical
feasibility requires significant judgment by us.
We recognize website and internally used software development costs in accordance with
Statement of Position (SOP) No. 98-1. Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or
Obtained for Internal Use and EIFT No. 00-02, Accounting for Website Development Costs, where
applicable. As such, we expense all costs that are incurred in connection with the planning and
implementation phases of development and costs that are associated with repair or maintenance of
the existing websites and software. Costs incurred in the development phase are capitalized and
amortized over the estimated product life. Since our inception, the amount of costs qualifying as
capitalization has been immaterial, and as a result, all website and internally used software
development costs have been expensed as incurred.
Product development costs consist primarily of outsourced research and development expenses,
payroll, depreciation charges and other overhead expenses for the development of online games.
Other overhead product development costs include costs incurred by us to develop, maintain,
monitor, and manage our websites. No product development costs were capitalized in 2005, 2006 and
2007 because the amounts were insignificant.
Income Taxes. We account for income taxes under the provisions of SFAS No. 109, Accounting
for Income Taxes. Under SFAS No. 109, income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability
method. Deferred taxes are determined based upon the differences between the carrying value of
assets and liabilities for financial reporting and tax purposes at currently enacted statutory tax
rates for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred taxes
of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period of change.
A valuation allowance is provided on deferred tax assets to the extent that it is more likely
than not that such deferred tax assets will not be realized. Realization of the future tax benefits related to the deferred tax assets
48
is dependent on many factors, including our ability to generate taxable income within the period during which the temporary differences reverse or our tax
loss carry forwards expire, the outlook for the PRC economic environment, and the overall future
industry outlook. We consider these factors in reaching our conclusion on the recoverability of
the deferred tax assets and determine the valuation allowances necessary at each balance sheet
date. As of December 31, 2006, valuation allowance of approximately RMB16.0 million was provided,
as it was considered more likely than not that the deferred tax assets would not be recognized by
the Company. Given the changes in business circumstances, including
legal requirements, that occurred in 2007, management considered the expected future taxable income/loss
for each of the group entities and has concluded that The9 Computer and Shanghai IT will be able to
utilize their loss carryforwards. The recognition of the deferred tax assets became more likely
than not and the valuation allowance of RMB13.0 million was reversed.
Before 2008, The9 Computer, C9I Shanghai, C9I Beijing and Jiu Jing were subject to EIT on the
taxable income reported in their statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with the
Income Tax Law of the Peoples Republic of China concerning Foreign Investment Enterprise and
Foreign Enterprises and Shanghai IT, Shanghai Advertisement and Shanghai Jiucheng Advertisement were
subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax Provisional Regulations (the old PRC Income Tax Law).
Pursuant to the old PRC Income Tax Law, The9 Computer, C9I Shanghai,
C9I Beijing, Jiu Jing,
Shanghai IT, Shanghai Advertisement and Shanghai Jiucheng Advertisement were generally subject to
EIT at a statutory rate of 33%. However, The9 Computer, C9I Shanghai, Shanghai IT and Shanghai Jiucheng Advertisement are incorporated in the Zhang Jiang Hi-tech Park
of Pudong New District of Shanghai and C9I Beijing is incorporated in the Zhongguancun Hi-tech Park
of the Haidian District in Beijing and holds a High and New Technology Enterprise qualification
simultaneously, and the entities therefore were subject to a preferential 15% EIT rate according to
the old PRC Income Tax Law and relevant local policies. The National Peoples Congress of PRC
adopted the new Enterprise Income Tax Law (New Tax Law) on March 16, 2007, which imposes a single
unified EIT rate of 25% for most domestic enterprises and foreign invested enterprises which become
effective January 1, 2008. The New Tax Law contemplates various transition periods and measures
for existing preferential tax policies, including a grace period for as long as five years for
certain foreign-invested enterprises which are currently entitled to a lower income tax rate and
continued implementation of preferential tax treatment with a fixed term until the expiration of
such fixed term. Such transitional measures may not, however, be available to our PRC
subsidiaries or affiliated entities. Moreover, unlike the tax regulations before 2008, which
specifically exempt withholding taxes on dividends payable to non-PRC investors from
foreign-invested enterprises in the PRC, the New Tax Law and its implementation rules provide that
an income tax rate of 10% be normally applicable to dividends payable by Chinese companies to
non-PRC resident enterprises unless otherwise exempted or reduced according to treaties or
arrangements between the PRC government and the governments of other countries or regions. In
addition, the new law deems an enterprise established offshore but having its management organ in
the PRC as a resident enterprise which will be subject to PRC tax on its global income. Under
the Implementation Rules of the New Tax Law, the term management organ is defined as an organ
which has substantial and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business
operations, personnel, accounting, properties and other
factors. High and New Technology Enterprises that
are specified as strongly supported by the State will be entitled to an income tax rate of 15%.
The New Tax Law empowers the PRC State Council to enact appropriate implementing rules and
measures. Any significant increase of the EIT rate applicable to our PRC subsidiary, the imposing
of withholding taxes on dividends payable by our subsidiaries to us, or an EIT levy on us or any of
our subsidiaries or affiliate entities registered outside the PRC as a resident enterprise under
the New Tax Law will have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial
conditions. In September 2005, C9I Shanghai received approval from certain government authorities
to be classified as a High and New Technology Enterprise.
C9I Shanghai did not provide for EIT
for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 as C9I Shanghai has passed the required annual
inspection for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006. In April 2007, C9I Beijing received
approval from certain government authorities to be classified as a High and New Technology Enterprise,
under the old tax regime. This classification, subject to
annual review, entitles C9I Beijing to enjoy an EIT exemption for 2007, 2008 and 2009 and a 50%
reduction in the applicable EIT rate in the three years thereafter for which the Beijing tax
authorities have granted approval. C9I Beijing did not provide for EIT for the year ended December
31, 2007 as the companys directors believe C9I Beijing will continue to meet these requirements
for that year. However The9 Computer, C9I Shanghai, Shanghai IT, Jiu
Jing and Shanghai
Jincheng Advertisement will be subject to the unified EIT rate of 25% in the future.
Property, Equipment and Software. In addition to the original cost of property, equipment and
software, the carrying value of these assets is impacted by a number of estimates and assumptions,
including estimated useful
49
lives, residual values and impairment charges. SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets, requires that long-lived assets
be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying
amount of an asset may not be recoverable from its undiscounted future cash flows. For each of
2005, 2006 and 2007, we did not recognize any impairment charges for property, equipment and
software. Recognition of impairment charges require significant judgment. Any material
differences to the estimates that had been used could result in differences in the amount and
timing of the impairment charges.
Our computers and equipment for our online game operation are amortized over an estimated
useful life of approximately three to four years. Prior to the third quarter of 2007, the servers
used for WoW were amortized over WoWs remaining license period of four years commencing from June
2005. In the third quarter of 2007, considering the nature of the assets, server specifications of
games to be launched and industry practice, the depreciation lives of all the servers was changed
to a consistent period of four years. This is accounted for prospectively from July 1, 2007 as a
change in accounting estimate. The depreciation charge relating to this change in the year 2007 is
to decrease depreciation expense by approximately RMB25.9 million.
Intangible assets. Our intangible assets consist primarily of intangible assets from business
combination and upfront licensing fees. We apply criteria specified in SFAS No. 141 Business
Combinations (SFAS 141) to determine whether an intangible asset should be recognized separately
from goodwill. Intangible assets acquired through business acquisitions are recognized as assets
separate from goodwill if they satisfy either the contractual-legal or separability criterion.
We make estimates and judgments in determining the fair value of the acquired assets and
liabilities based on independent appraisal reports as well as our experience with similar assets
and liabilities in similar industries. If different judgment assumptions were used, the amounts
assigned to the individual acquired assets or liabilities could be materially affected. Intangible
assets with definite lives are amortized over their estimated useful life and reviewed for
impairment in accordance with SFAS 144. Intangible assets, such as purchased technology, licenses,
domain names, partnership, and non-compete agreements, arising from the acquisitions of
subsidiaries and variable interest entities are recognized and measured at fair value upon
acquisition. Intangible assets from such business combination transaction are amortized over the
remaining licensing term of the WoW game of approximately four years.
Upfront licensing fees paid to licensors are recognized as intangible assets if a game has
reached technological feasibility when such payments are contractually due. Technological
feasibility is met upon completion of a working model. Upfront licensing fees are amortized on a
straight-line basis over the shorter of the useful economic life of the relevant online game or
license period, which range from two to four years. We commence amortization of the upfront
licensing fees upon the launch of the applicable online game.
Goodwill. We recognize goodwill in accordance with SFAS No. 142 Goodwill and Intangible
Assets (SFAS 142) as the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable
assets and liabilities acquired as a result of an acquisition we make. In August 2005, we acquired
the remaining 31.1% of the shares of C9I, the company that operates WoW in mainland China, for
US$40 million. In connection with this acquisition, we recorded approximately RMB30.2 million as
goodwill. Under SFAS 142, goodwill is not amortized, but tested for impairment annually, or more
frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired. In December
of each year, we test impairment of goodwill at the reporting unit level and recognize impairment
in the event that the carrying value exceeds the fair value of each reporting unit. Impairment
assessment of goodwill requires significant judgment, including assumptions used to determine the
fair value of the reporting units. No goodwill impairment was recognized in 2007.
Share-Based Compensation. We granted a total of 92,600 options in 2005, 212,352 options in
2006 and 1,197,500 in 2007 under our Amended 2004 Stock Option Plan to some of our employees and
directors.
Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted FASB Statement No.123 (revised 2004), Share-Based
Payment (SFAS 123R), which supersedes FASB Statement No.123, Accounting-Based Compensation
(SFAS 123) and Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued
to Employees (APB 25). Under the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123R, we are
required to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for stock-based compensation
measured at the grant date fair value of the award. We recognize the compensation costs, net of
the estimated forfeiture, on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award, which
generally ranges from two to four years. In March 2005, the Securities & Exchange Commission
50
issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (SAB 107) relating to SFAS 123R. We have applied the
provisions of SAB 107 in its adoption of SFAS 123R.
Determining the fair value of stock options in accordance with SFAS No. 123R requires
significant judgment, including, among other things, estimates of the fair value of our ordinary
shares and certain assumptions, including volatility, required to determine the estimated fair
value of the awards granted.
SFAS 123R also requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised in
subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
Share-based compensation expenses of RMB17,739,543 and RMB46,728,166 (US$6,405,857) were
recognized for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007,
respectively, for options granted to the
Companys employees under SFAS 123R.
Prior to 2006, we accounted for share-based compensation arrangements with employees in
accordance with APB 25, and complied with the disclosure provisions of SFAS 123. In general,
compensation cost under APB 25 is recognized based on the difference, if any, between the estimated
fair value of our ordinary shares and the amount an employee is required to pay to acquire the
ordinary shares, as determined on the date the option was granted. Compensation cost, if any, is
recorded in shareholders equity as additional paid-in capital with an offsetting entry recorded to
deferred share-based compensation. Deferred share-based compensation is amortized and charged to
expense based on the vesting terms of the underlying options. No share-based compensation expense
or deferred compensation was recognized for options granted to our employees under APB No. 25 as
the exercise price equaled the fair value of the shares on the date of grant.
We account for share-based compensation arrangements with non-employees in accordance with
EITF 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are issued to Other Than Employees for
Acquiring or in Conjunction with Selling Goods or Services.
Impairment of Investment in Equity Investments. We assess our equity investments for
other-than-temporary impairment by considering factors as well as all relevant and available
information including, but not limited to, current economic and market conditions, the operating
performance of the investee, including current earnings trends, and
other company-specific information including recent financing rounds. Impairment provision
relating to investment in an equity investee of RMB20.4 million and RMB0.6 million (US$0.09
million) was recognized in 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets and Intangible Assets. Long-lived assets and intangible
assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the
carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We assess the recoverability of long-lived
assets and intangible assets (other than goodwill) by comparing the carrying amount to the
estimated future undiscounted cash flow associated with the related assets. We recognize
impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets in the event that the net book value of such
assets exceeds the estimated future undiscounted cash flow attributable to such assets. We use
estimates and judgment in our impairment tests, and if different estimates of judgments had been
utilized, the timing or the amount of the impairment charges could be different. Impairment charges relating to intangible
assets amounting to RMB5.7 million, RMB0.9 million and RMB18.7 million was recognized in 2005, 2006
and 2007, respectively. The increase in impairment charges relating to intangible assets from 2006
to 2007 was mainly due to impairment provision for certain prepaid license fees for the Guild of
War game, which ceased operation.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated statements of operations as a
percentage of net revenues for the periods indicated.
51
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
Revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Online game services |
|
|
100.4 |
% |
|
|
104.2 |
% |
|
|
104.0 |
% |
Game
operating support, website solutions and advertisement |
|
|
1.3 |
% |
|
|
0.5 |
% |
|
|
0.7 |
% |
Short message services |
|
|
0.7 |
% |
|
|
0.1 |
% |
|
|
0.1 |
% |
Other revenues |
|
|
2.8 |
% |
|
|
0.5 |
% |
|
|
0.7 |
% |
Sales taxes |
|
|
(5.2 |
)% |
|
|
(5.3 |
)% |
|
|
(5.5 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net revenues |
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
100.0 |
% |
Cost of services |
|
|
(51.7 |
)% |
|
|
(53.2 |
)% |
|
|
(54.7 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit |
|
|
48.3 |
% |
|
|
46.8 |
% |
|
|
45.3 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product development |
|
|
(8.7 |
)% |
|
|
(3.1 |
)% |
|
|
(3.2 |
)% |
Sales and marketing |
|
|
(13.3 |
)% |
|
|
(6.0 |
)% |
|
|
(8.1 |
)% |
General and administrative |
|
|
(12.2 |
)% |
|
|
(10.2 |
)% |
|
|
(14.1 |
)% |
Impairment of intangible assets |
|
|
(1.3 |
)% |
|
|
(0.1 |
)% |
|
|
(1.5 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses |
|
|
(35.5 |
)% |
|
|
(19.4 |
)% |
|
|
(26.9 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Profit from operations |
|
|
12.8 |
% |
|
|
27.4 |
% |
|
|
18.4 |
% |
Interest income, net |
|
|
2.2 |
% |
|
|
0.9 |
% |
|
|
4.0 |
% |
Other income (expense), net |
|
|
3.2 |
% |
|
|
2.9 |
% |
|
|
(2.4 |
)% |
Income tax (expense) benefit |
|
|
0.0 |
% |
|
|
0.3 |
% |
|
|
(0.7 |
)% |
Gain on investment disposal |
|
|
1.4 |
% |
|
|
2.4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment loss on investment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2.1 |
)% |
|
|
(0.1 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss on equity investments, net of taxes |
|
|
(3.0 |
)% |
|
|
(0.1 |
)% |
|
|
(0.4 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minority interests |
|
|
(1.0 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
15.6 |
% |
|
|
31.7 |
% |
|
|
18.8 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year 2007 Compared to Year 2006
Revenues. Our revenues in 2007 increased by 30% to RMB1,350.1 million (US$185.1 million) from
RMB1,038.3 million in 2006, primarily due to the increase of our revenue from online game services.
Online Game Services. In 2007, revenues from online game services substantially increased by
29% to RMB1,331.0 million (US$182.5 million) from RMB1,028.0 million in 2006, mainly due to revenue
growth from Blizzard Entertainments World of Warcraft, as well as revenues from two new massively
multiplayer online role playing games (MMORPGs) launched in 2007. The revenue growth of World of
Warcraft was primarily attributable to the expansion package of The Burning Crusade, which was
launched in September 2007 and attracted numerous users.
Game
Operating Support, Website Solutions and Advertisement. In 2007, revenues from game
operating support, website solutions and advertisement were increased by 78% to RMB8.5 million
(US$1.2 million) from RMB4.8 million in 2006. The increase was mainly due to the net effect of
increased revenue from advertisement, sales of internally developed software, and decreased
technical service fees from certain joint ventures.
Short
Message Services. In 2007, revenues from SMS service increased by 36% to RMB0.6 million
from RMB0.4 million in 2006.
Other Revenues. In 2007, revenues generated from other products and services increased to
RMB10.0 million (US$1.4 million) from RMB5.1 million in 2006, mainly due to the increase of WoW
merchandise sales and certain software sales in fiscal year 2007.
Cost of Services. Cost of services in 2007 increased to RMB700.0 million (US$96.0 million)
from RMB524.0 million in 2006, primarily due to higher server
depreciation in 2007 related to
server purchases in the
52
second quarter to facilitate the launch of the Burning Crusade expansion
pack for the WoW game and royalty and IDC costs associated with increasing revenue from online
games.
Operating Expenses. Operating expenses in 2007 increased by 79% to RMB343.7 million (US$47.1
million) from RMB191.6 million in 2006, primarily due to increased sales and marketing expenses
relating to promotion of several games and particularly significant content upgrade, increased
product development expenses due to increased effort in in-house game development and
pre-commercialization costs of new games, as well as increased
general and administrative expenses,
primarily related to increase in headcount, non-cash share-based compensation expenses and
Sarbanes-Oxley compliance related professional fees.
Product Development. Product development expenses in 2007 increased by 34.6% to RMB41.4
million (US$5.7 million) from RMB30.8 million in 2006, primarily due to the increased effort in
in-house game development and pre-commercialization costs of new games.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses in 2007 increased by 73.3% to RMB103.3
million (US$14.2 million) from RMB59.6 million in 2006. The increase was primarily due to the
increase in promotion expenses for two newly launched games and an expansion pack for WoW.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses in 2007 increased by 79.6% to
RMB180.3 million (US$24.7 million) from RMB100.4 million in 2006, primarily due to an increase in
headcount, non-cash share-based compensation expenses and Sarbanes-Oxley compliance related
professional fees. In addition, The9 Computer, C9I Shanghai and C9I Beijing pay sales tax at a
rate of 5% and related surcharges on the gross revenue derived from their contractual arrangements
with Shanghai IT since February 2007. These taxes are primarily recorded as operating expenses in
accordance with our accounting policy.
Impairment of Intangible Assets. Impairment of intangible assets in 2007 increased to RMB18.7
million (US$2.6 million) compared to RMB0.9 million in 2006, primarily due to impairment provision
for prepaid license fees for the Guild Wars game that ceased operation in early 2008.
Interest Income, Net. Net interest income increased to RMB50.7 million (US$6.9 million) in
2007 from RMB9.1 million in 2006, mainly due to an increase in cash balance from operations and
cash receipt from Electronic Arts Inc. (EA)s equity investment in us in May 2007.
Other Income (Expense), Net. In 2007, other expenses were RMB30.1 million (US$4.1 million),
compared to other income of RMB28.4 million in 2006. This was a combined result of a decrease in
financial subsidies received from the local government during 2007 compared to 2006 and an increase
in foreign exchange loss in 2007 with the accelerated appreciation of the RMB against the U.S.
dollar. Financial subsidies received amounted to RMB21.1 million (US$2.9 million) in 2007 compared
to RMB31.0 million in 2006, and foreign exchange loss amounted to RMB51.0 million (US$7.0 million)
in 2007 compared to RMB2.5 million in 2006.
Income Tax Benefit (Expense). In 2007, income tax expense was RMB9.3 million (US$1.3
million), compared to income tax benefit of RMB2.7 million in 2006. The increase
in income tax expense primarily related to a wholly-owned subsidiary
of the Company that enjoyed tax holiday in fiscal 2006, which expired
in 2007 when the entity was subject to income tax of 15%. The impact
of which was offset by a reversal of valuation allowance and
recognition of deferred tax assets based on higher tax rates
resulting from the New Tax Law as of December 31, 2007. As a
result, the effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2007 was approximately 4%
(2006: -1%).
Gain on Investment Disposal. In 2006, we recognized a gain of approximately RMB23.4 million.
No such gain was recognized for the year of 2007.
Loss on Equity Investments, Net of Taxes. In 2007, we recorded RMB5.7 million (US$0.8
million) of loss on equity investments, net of taxes, compared to a loss of RMB0.9 million in 2006.
This was mainly because we disposed of our equity investment in the joint venture in Taiwan that
operates Blizzard Entertainments World of Warcraft in other greater China regions at the end of
2006. There was no profit contribution from this joint venture investment in 2007.
53
Impairment Loss on Investment. In 2007, we recorded an impairment provision of RMB0.6 million
(US$0.1 million) compared to RMB20.4 million in 2006. Impairment provisions were recognized in
connection with certain investments accounted for by the Company under the equity method during
respective periods.
Net Income. Net income in 2007 decreased by 23% to RMB240.9 million (US$33.0 million) from
RMB312.5 million in 2006, as a result of the cumulative effect of the above factors.
Year 2006 Compared to Year 2005
Revenues. Our revenues in 2006 increased to RMB1,038.3 million from RMB489.2 million in 2005,
primarily due to the increase of our revenue from online game services.
Online Game Services. In 2006, revenues from online game services substantially increased to
RMB1,028.0 million from RMB466.6 million in 2005, primarily due to the increase in revenues we
generated from our commercial operation of WoW in China for the full year in 2006, compared to
seven months in 2005.
Game operating support, website solutions and advertisement. In 2006, revenues from game
operating support, website solutions and advertisement decreased by 21% to RMB4.8 million from
RMB6.1 million in 2005. The decrease was primarily due to the decline in MU revenue.
Short message services. In 2006, revenues from SMS service decreased by 87% to RMB0.4 million
from RMB3.4 million in 2005.
Other Revenues. In 2006, revenues generated from other products and services decreased to
RMB5.1 million from RMB13.2 million in 2005, primarily due to the decrease of sales of WoW
installation packages in 2006.
Cost of Services. Cost of services in 2006 increased to RMB524.0 million from RMB240.4
million in 2005, primarily due to WoW-related costs, including royalties to VUG, server-related
costs and staff costs, that were incurred for the full year in 2006, while only for seven months in
2005. There was also a full years intangible assets amortization related to The9s acquisition of
the remaining 31.1% interest in the entity that operates WoW in China, while only for four months
in 2005.
Operating Expenses. Operating expenses in 2006 increased by 16% to RMB191.6 million from
RMB164.9 million in 2005, primarily due to the increase of general and administration expenses as
discussed below.
Product Development. Product development expenses in 2006 decreased by 24.3% to RMB30.8
million from RMB40.6 million in 2005, primarily due to the completion of our first self-developed
game, JJW.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses in 2006 decreased by 3.6% to RMB59.6
million from RMB61.8 million in 2005. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease of
WoW-related advertising and promotion activities conducted in 2006.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses in 2006 increased by 77.1% to
RMB100.4 million from RMB56.7 million in 2005, primarily due to increased staff costs, which was in
large part due to an increase of headcount, share-based compensation expenses resulting from the
adoption of SFAS 123(R) Share-Based Payment, effective from January 1, 2006, and higher
professional fees.
Impairment of Intangible Assets. Impairment of intangible assets in 2006 decreased to RMB0.9
million compared to RMB5.7 million in 2005, primarily due to an impairment provision made for Zhi
Zun and most of MO in 2005, while the impairment in 2006 was made for the remaining of MO and KOC.
Interest Income, Net. Net interest income decreased to RMB9.1 million in 2006 from RMB10.0
million in 2005, primarily because we kept less cash denominated in USD in 2006 due to the
depreciation of USD against RMB, which generally bears interest at a higher rate.
54
Other Income, Net. Other income, net increased by 96.4% to RMB28.4 million in 2006 from
RMB14.5 million in 2005, primarily due to an increase of financial subsidies from the local
government received in 2006 as compared with 2005.
Income
Tax (Expense) Benefit. In 2005 and 2006, our effective tax rate was close to zero
primarily as a result of the EIT exemption enjoyed by C9I Shanghai, which comprised substantially
all of our net profit for the year. There was income tax benefit of RMB2.7 million in 2006, while
income tax expense of RMB0.2 million in 2005.
Gain on Investment Disposal. In 2006, we recognized a gain of approximately RMB23.4 million
from the sale of our equity interest in the joint venture in Taiwan that operates WoW in other
greater China regions.
Impairment
Loss on Investment. In 2006, we recorded an impairment provision of RMB20.4
million in connection with an investment accounted for by us under the equity method. No such
impairment was recognized in 2005.
Loss on Equity Investments, Net of Taxes. In 2006, loss on equity investments, net of taxes,
decreased to RMB0.9 million from RMB13.7 million in 2005. This was primarily because the joint
venture that operates World of Warcraft in other greater China regions, which we disposed of in
late fiscal year 2006, recorded a profit in 2006, while all invested companies were operating at a
loss in 2005.
Net income. Net income in 2006 increased by 331% to RMB312.5 million from RMB72.5 million in
2005, as a result of the cumulative effect of the above factors.
B. Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table sets forth the summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities |
|
|
184,541 |
|
|
|
598,910 |
|
|
|
616,596 |
|
|
|
84,528 |
|
Net cash used in investing activities |
|
|
(483,651 |
) |
|
|
(204,827 |
) |
|
|
(461,585 |
) |
|
|
(63,277 |
) |
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
|
3,832 |
|
|
|
58,040 |
|
|
|
1,174,645 |
|
|
|
161,029 |
|
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash |
|
|
(9,882 |
) |
|
|
(2,522 |
) |
|
|
(52,220 |
) |
|
|
(7,159 |
) |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
(305,160 |
) |
|
|
449,601 |
|
|
|
1,277,436 |
|
|
|
175,121 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
|
|
793,405 |
|
|
|
488,245 |
|
|
|
937,846 |
|
|
|
128,567 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |
|
|
488,245 |
|
|
|
937,846 |
|
|
|
2,215,282 |
|
|
|
303,688 |
|
We have financed our operations primarily through the proceeds from the sale of our Series A
convertible preferred shares in April 2000, the convertible loans received from our principal
shareholders in October 2001 and October 2002, the equity investment received from EA in May 2007,
and the net proceeds from our initial public offering of our ADSs in December 2004. We repaid the
entire outstanding principal plus interest accrued on the convertible loans in December 2004.
Lastly, we have financed our operations through our operating activities. As of December 31,
2007, we had RMB2,215.3 million (US$303.7 million) in cash
and cash equivalents. In addition to the financing activities
mentioned in the above paragraph, the
year-over-year increase in cash and cash equivalents is attributable to the cash
receipts from sales of prepaid game points, offset in part by prepaid
royalty payments to game licensors and our share repurchase program.
Net cash provided by operating activities was RMB616.6 million (US$84.5 million) in 2007
compared to RMB598.9 million in 2006. This increase was mainly due to the combined results of
increased receipts from
55
prepared game points and financial subsidies from the local government, offset in part by
prepaid royalties to VUG and operating expenses.
Net cash provided by operating activities was RMB598.9 million in 2006 compared to RMB184.5
million in 2005. This increase was mainly due to the combined result of increased receipts from
prepared game points, and financial subsidies from the local government, offset in part by prepaid
royalties to VUG, and operational expenses.
Net cash used in investing activities was RMB461.6 million (US$63.3 million) in 2007, compared
to RMB204.8 million in 2006 and RMB483.7 million in 2005. The increase from 2006 to 2007 was due
to the purchase of more servers, game licenses and payments for equity investments in 2007 as
compared to 2006. The decrease from 2005 to 2006 was due to fewer server purchases and investment
volume in 2006 as compared to 2005.
We have sufficient cash balance as at December 31, 2007 to meet the Groups operating cash
flow requirements and enable the Group to meet its obligations and to pay off debts as and when
they fall due for the coming 12 months.
Capital Expenditures
Capital
Expenditures. We made capital expenditures of RMB273.0 million, RMB118.8 million and
RMB464.3 million (US$63.6 million) in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The capital expenditures
principally consisted of purchases of servers, office buildings, computers and other items related
to our network infrastructure and license fees. However, if we license new games or enter into
strategic joint ventures or acquisitions, we may require additional funds. In addition, on April
1, 2007, we purchased our office building comprising 14,518 square meters of office space, which we
leased previously.
C. Research and Development
Our research and development efforts are primarily focused on the localization of licensed
games from foreign developers, the development of our proprietary online games, and the maintenance
of our websites. We intend to maintain our internal game development capabilities and license more
new games that are attractive to users in China.
D. Trend Information
Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends,
uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the period from January 1, 2005 to December 31,
2007 that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our net revenues, income,
profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that caused the disclosed financial information
to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.
E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Other than our operating leases, we do not have any outstanding derivative financial
instruments, off-balance sheet guarantees, interest rate swap transactions or foreign currency
forward contracts. We do not engage in trading activities involving
non-exchange traded contracts.
F. Contractual Obligations
We have entered into leasing arrangements related to the use of certain office premises and
Internet data centers. The following table sets forth our commitments under operating leases as of
December 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payment Due by Period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
More than |
|
|
Total |
|
1 year |
|
1-3 years |
|
3-5 years |
|
5 years |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in US$) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating Lease Obligations |
|
|
6,813,886 |
|
|
|
5,985,335 |
|
|
|
828,551 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
56
In addition to the leasing obligations set forth above, we have contractual obligations under
various license agreements to pay the licensors license fees and royalties based on the face value
of the online game cards and online points sold by us. The following table sets forth our
committed advance payments of royalties from sales of WoW playing time in China as of December 31,
2007.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payment Due by Period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
More than |
|
|
Total |
|
1 year |
|
1-3 years |
|
3-5 years |
|
5 years |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in US$) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advance payment of
WoW minimum
royalties |
|
|
10,312,474 |
|
|
|
5,156,237 |
|
|
|
5,156,237 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following paragraphs describe royalties and other amounts that we have agreed to pay
in connection with our licensing and operation of WoW in China.
Other than WoW-related royalty payment obligations, as of December 31, 2007, the total
outstanding license fees, guaranteed minimum royalty fees and marketing expenses the Group was
required to pay within the next five years under other license agreements were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
US$ |
|
License fees |
|
|
10,900,000 |
|
Minimum royalty fees |
|
|
69,948,134 |
|
Guaranteed
marketing expenses |
|
|
20,000,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100,848,134 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Please
refer to page F-48 for the Groups other commitments with
variable amounts.
In 2007, we entered into agreements to operate the following games:
|
|
|
|
|
Game |
|
Developer |
|
Description |
Ragnarok Online 2
|
|
Gravity Co. Ltd.
|
|
3D MMORPG |
Email Chronicle Online
|
|
Gravity Co. Ltd.
|
|
2.5D MMORPG |
Huxley
|
|
Webzen Inc.
|
|
3D first-person shooting MMORPG |
Audition 2
|
|
G10 Entertainment
|
|
Casual dancing game |
EA Sports FIFA Online
|
|
Electronic Arts, Inc.
|
|
Casual soccer game |
Burn the Floor
|
|
Ideas Corporation
|
|
Casual dancing game |
In addition, we are also required to pay the licensors of the games royalties based on the
face value of the online game cards and online points sold by us.
G. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk. Our exposure to interest rate risk for changes in interest rates relates
primarily to the interest income generated by excess cash invested in short-term money market
accounts and certificates of deposit. We have not used any derivative financial instruments in our
investment portfolio or for cash management purposes.
57
Interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. We have not been exposed
nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. However,
our future interest income may fall short of expectations due to changes in interest rates.
Foreign Exchange Risk. We are exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from various currency
exposures. Our payments to Webzen, Hanbisoft and VUG and a significant portion of our financial
assets are denominated in U.S. dollars while almost all of our revenues are denominated in RMB, the
legal currency in China. We have not used any forward contracts or currency borrowings to hedge
our exposure to foreign currency risk. The value of RMB against the U.S. dollar and other
currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic
conditions. The conversion of RMB into foreign currencies, including U.S. dollars, has been based
on rates set by the Peoples Bank of China. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its
decade-old policy of pegging the value of the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy,
the RMB is permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain
foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximately 11.9% appreciation of
RMB against the U.S. dollar by the end of 2007. While the international reaction to the RMB
revaluation has generally been positive, there remains significant international pressure on the
PRC government to adopt an even more flexible currency policy, which could result in a further and
more significant appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar.
Any significant revaluation of RMB may adversely affect our cash flows and financial position,
and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our ADSs in U.S. dollars. For example, an
appreciation of RMB against the U.S. dollar would make any new RMB denominated investments or
expenditures more costly to us, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into RMB for
such purposes. An appreciation of RMB against the U.S. dollar would also result in foreign
currency translation losses for financial reporting purposes when we translate our U.S. dollar
denominated monetary assets into RMB, as the RMB is our functional and reporting currency.
Foreign exchange transactions under our capital account, including principal payments with
respect to foreign currency-denominated obligations, continue to be subject to significant foreign
exchange controls and the approval of the SAFE. These limitations could affect our ability to
obtain foreign exchange through debt or equity financing, or to obtain foreign exchange for capital
expenditures. See Item 3, Key Information Risk Factors Risks Related to Doing Business in
China Restrictions on currency exchange in China limit our ability to utilize our revenues
effectively, make dividend payments and meet our foreign currency denominated obligations.
H. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets
and Financial Liabilities (SFAS No. 159) which permits entities to choose to measure many
financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be
measured at fair value. SFAS No. 159 will be effective for us on January 1, 2008. We are
currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS No. 159 on our financial position, cash flows, and
results of operations.
In December 2007, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in
Consolidated Financial Statementsan amendment of ARB No. 51 (SFAS 160). SFAS 160 amends ARB No.
51 to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary
and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. This Statement is effective for fiscal years and
interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. We will adopt
this statement in the fiscal year 2009 and its effect on future periods will depend on the nature
and significance of any new equity investments subject to this statement.
In December 2007, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 141 (Revised 2007), Business Combinations
(SFAS 141R). SFAS 141R provides additional guidance on improving the relevance, representational
faithfulness, and comparability of the financial information that a reporting entity provides in
its financial reports about a business combination and its effects. This statement applies
prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning
of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. We will adopt this
statement in the fiscal year 2009 and its effect on future periods will depend on the nature and
significance of any new equity investments subject to this statement.
58
In December 2007, the SEC published Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 110, codified as SAB
Topic 14, Share-based payment. SAB No. 110 states that the SEC staff will continue to accept,
under certain circumstances, the use of the simplified method in developing an estimate of expected
term of plain vanilla share options in accordance with Statement on Financial Accounting Standard
No. 123 (revised 2004) and SAB No. 107 beyond December 31, 2007. The adoption of SAB No. 110 did
not require any substantial adjustments to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended
2007.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS 157, Fair Value Measurement. SFAS 157 defines fair
value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and enhances disclosure about fair value
measurements. The adoption of SFAS 157 will be effective for financial statements issued for
fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The
Group is evaluating the impact adopting SFAS 157 will have on its consolidated financial
statements. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) 157-2, Effective Date of
FASB Statement No. 157. FSP 157-2 provides a one-year deferral of the effective date of FASB
Statement 157, Fair Value Measurements, for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities,
except those that are recognized or disclosed in financial statements at fair value on a recurring
basis. The deferral is not available, however, to entities that issued interim or annual financial
statements reflecting the measurement and disclosure provisions of Statement 157 before February
12, 2008.
In March 2008, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 161, or FASB 161, Disclosure about
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. FASB 161 is intended to improve financial
reporting about derivative instruments and hedging activities by requiring enhanced disclosure to
enable investors to better understand their effects on an entitys financial position, financial
performance and cash flows. It is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and
interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early application encouraged. The Group
has not yet begun the process of assessing the potential impact the adoption of FASB 161 may have
on the consolidated financial position or results of operations.
In
April 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position (FSP) FAS 142-3, Determination of the Useful
Life of Intangible Assets. This statement states that in developing assumptions about renewal or
extension used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset, an entity shall
consider its own historical experience in renewing or extending similar arrangements; however,
these assumptions should be adjusted for entity-specific factors. This FSP will be effective for
financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods
within those years. The Group is currently assessing the impact of adopting FSP No. 142-3.
In May 2008, the FASB issued FAS No. 162 The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles (FAS 162). FAS 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework
for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of
nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles in the United States. FAS 162 is effective sixty days following the SECs approval of
PCAOB amendments to AU Section 411, The Meaning of Present fairly in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles. The Company does not
expect the adoption of FAS 162 will have a significant impact
on its consolidated financial statements.
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A. Directors and Senior Management
The names of our current directors and executive officers and their respective ages and
positions as of the date of this report are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Directors, Director Nominees and Executive Officers |
|
Age |
|
Position/Title |
|
Jun Zhu
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer |
|
Cheung Kin Au-Yeung(1)
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
Director |
|
Davin Alexander Mackenzie(2)(3)
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
Independent Director |
|
Chao Y. Wang(2)(3)
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
Independent Director |
59
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Directors, Director Nominees and Executive Officers |
|
Age |
|
Position/Title |
Ka Keung Yeung(2)(3)
|
|
|
49 |
|
|
Independent Director |
Xiaowei Chen(4)
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
President |
Tony Tse(5)
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
Chief Financial Officer |
Xudong He(5)
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
Vice President |
Alan Chen(6)
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
Vice President and Chief Technology Officer |
Lingdong Huang
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
Vice President |
Fumin Lin
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
Vice President |
Swun Woo Park
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
Vice President |
Chris Shen
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
Vice President Marketing |
Yong Wang
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
Vice President |
Jun Yao
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
Vice President |
Donglei Fang
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
Vice President |
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Cheung Kin Au-Yeung is appointed as a non-executive director to replace the retiring Stephen
Cheuk Kin Law effective December 14, 2007. |
|
(2) |
|
Member of Compensation Committee. |
|
(3) |
|
Member of Audit Committee. |
|
(4) |
|
Xiaowei Chen was appointed as President effective May 16, 2008. |
|
(5) |
|
Hannah Lee resigned as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, effective as of the
end of February 2008. Xudong He was appointed as an Acting Chief Financial Officer effective
March 1, 2008. Tony Tse, who was appointed as Chief Financial Officer effective April 7,
2008, resigned from this position for personal and family reasons effective July 2008. George
Lai has been appointed Chief Financial Officer of our company and will assume responsibilities
in July 2008. |
|
(6) |
|
Alan Chen resigned as Vice President effective June 2007. |
Each of our officers will hold office until such officers successor is elected and duly
qualified, or until such officers earlier death, bankruptcy, insanity, resignation or removal.
There are no family relationships among any of the directors or executive officers of our company.
For the terms of our directors, see Board Practices Terms of Directors.
Biographical Information
Jun Zhu is one of the co-founders of our company. He has served as the Chairman of our board
of directors and Chief Executive Officer since our inception. Prior to founding The9, Mr. Zhu
co-founded Flagholder New Technology Co. Ltd., an information technology company based in China, in
1997 and served as its director from 1997 to 1999. From 1993 to 1997, Mr. Zhu worked at QJ
(U.S.A.) Investment, Ltd., a trading company in the United States. Mr. Zhu attended an
undergraduate program at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
Cheung Kin Au-Yeung joined Morningside Group (Morningside) in 1996 to oversee its PRC
portfolio operations. While with Morningside, he served on the board of directors of Media
Partners International Holdings Inc. from June 2001 to November 2005 and was seconded to Sohu.com
as Chief Operating Officer from July 1999 to December 1999. Mr. Au-Yeung has over twenty-two years
of operating experience in mainland China, and prior to joining Morningside, he ran the greater
China operations of several multinational companies for more than sixteen years as general manager.
Mr. Au-Yeung holds an MBA and an M.S. in Physics from Indiana University.
Davin Alexander Mackenzie has served as our independent director since July 2005. Mr.
Mackenzie is the Managing Director and Beijing Representative of Peak Capital, a private equity and
advisory firm. Prior to his co-founding Peak Capital, Mr. Mackenzie served seven years with the
International Finance Corporation, a private sector arm of The World Bank Group, including four
years as the resident representative for China and Mongolia. Mr. Mackenzie has also worked at
Mercer Management Consultants in Washington, D.C, and at First National Bank of Boston in Taiwan.
Mr. Mackenzie is a graduate of Dartmouth College with a Bachelors degree in Government. He
received an M.A. degree in International Studies and an MBA degree from the Wharton School of the
University of Pennsylvania. Mr. Mackenzie has also completed the World Bank Executive Development
Program at Harvard Business School in Massachusetts.
60
Chao Y. Wang has served as our independent director since December 2004. Mr. Wang is the
founding partner and Chief Executive Officer of ChinaEquity Investment Co., a China-based
independent venture capital firm which focuses on the technology, media and telecommunications
sectors in China. Before founding ChinaEquity in 1999, Mr. Wang spent 12 years in the investment
banking and financial services industry with Chase, Standard & Poors, Morgan Stanley and the China
Development Bank. During that time, he headed Morgan Stanleys Beijing operations for three years.
Mr. Wang presently serves on the board of directors of several companies including Origo
Sino-India Plc, Rising Tech Co. and Infront Sport Media. Mr. Wang holds a Bachelors degree from
Huazhong University of Science and Technology and an MBA degree from Rutgers University. Mr. Wang
has also attended the Senior Executive Program of Harvard University and Tsinghua University.
Ka Keung Yeung has served as our independent director since July 2005. Mr. Yeung is the
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Phoenix Satellite Television Holdings
Limited in charge of corporate finance and administration. He is also the company Secretary and
Qualified Accountant. Mr. Yeung joined Phoenix in March 1996 and is in charge of all of Phoenixs
internal and external financial management and arrangements as well as the supervision of
administration and personnel matters. Mr. Yeung graduated from the University of Birmingham and
remained in the United Kingdom until 1992 after obtaining his qualification as a chartered
accountant. Upon returning to Hong Kong, he worked at Hutchison Telecommunications and STAR in the
field of finance and business development.
Xiaowei Chen served as President of CDC Games and China.com prior to joining the company.
From August 2003 to June 2005, she was a consultant at McKinsey & Company, New York. Prior to
that, Ms. Chen served as anchor and executive producer at China Central Television (CCTV), as well
as an independent TV producer. In 2006, Ms. Chen was recognized as one of the outstanding female
figures in China for her contributions to the Chinese economy. Ms. Chen received her Ph.D. in
Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry from the University of Pittsburgh. She completed her
undergraduate education at the University of Science & Technology of China.
Tony Tse has served as our CFO since April 7, 2008. Prior to joining us, he served on the
Board of Directors at UOB Asia (Hong Kong) Limited. From May 2002 to July 2005, he served as Vice
President of Equity Capital Markets at DBS Asia Capital Limited. From June 2000 to April 2002, he
served as assistant manager of the GEM-Listing Division at Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing
Limited. Prior to that, Mr. Tse served in various positions at Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, Hong
Kong, BDO Dunwoody, Chartered Accountant, Canada, and Ernst & Young, Hong Kong. Mr. Tse received
his EMBA degree from Richard Ivey School of Business, University of Western Ontario, Canada, and a
Bachelors degree in Finance and Accounting from University of Salford, United Kingdom. Mr. Tse
is a member of American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), Illinois Certified
Public Accountants Society, and Institute of Accountants Exchange. Mr. Tse is also an associate
member of Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Chartered Institute of
Management Accounts.
Xudong (Oliver) He has served as our Vice President since 2000, and prior to that served in
other positions including Financial Controller and Chief Operating Officer. Before joining us, Mr.
He served with PricewaterhouseCoopers in China as a senior consultant and auditor. Mr. He received
his Bachelors degree from Fudan University and an MBA degree from Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
Mr. He is a member of the China Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
Lingdong Huang has served as our Vice President responsible for our Product Department since
January 2007. Mr. Huang joined us in April 1999, and has held various roles within our different
business units. Since November 2005, he served as Senior Director of our Product Department.
Prior to that, Mr. Huang served as the Director of our Product Department from 2002 to 2005 and a
Manager of our Editorial Planning Department from 1999 to 2002. Mr. Huang received his Bachelors
degree in Informatics from Shanghai University.
Fumin (Benjamin) Lin has served as our Vice President since February 2007. Prior to joining
us, since January 2006, Mr. Lin served as the general manager of Joypark Webstar Technology Co.,
Ltd. in Beijing, an affiliated company of Softstar Entertainment Inc. From October 2001 to December
2005, Mr. Lin served various management functions at Square-Enix Webstar Inc., a joint venture
between Softstar Entertainment Inc. in Taiwan and Square Enix Co., Ltd. in Japan, and led it to be
a leading game developer and publisher in Asia. From October 2000 to September 2001, he served as
Assistant Vice President of Webstar Inc. in Taipei. Prior to that, Mr. Lin worked as a product
manager at Softstar Entertainment Inc. and Dynalab Inc. Mr. Lin is experienced in leading
61
MMORPG operations in China. Mr. Lin received his Bachelors degree in Arts & Advertisement
from the Chinese Culture University in Taipei, Taiwan.
Swun Woo (Tony) Park has served as our Vice President since January 2007. Prior to joining
us, Mr. Park served as the President of International Business at Hanbitsoft Inc. (Hanbitsoft), a
leading game developer and publisher in Korea. Since April 2002, he has served various management
functions at Hanbitsoft, including business development, strategic planning, marketing and brand
management, game studio management, localization & technical operations, joint venture management,
as well as investor relations. Prior to joining Hanbitsoft, Tony worked as a venture capitalist at
ADL Partners from April 2000 to April 2002, and as a management consultant at Arthur D. Little
from December 1998 to April 2000. Mr. Park received his Bachelors degree in Business
Administration from the Korea University.
Chris Shen has served as our Vice President Marketing since January 1, 2006. Mr. Shen
joined The9 in August 2005 as our Senior Director of Marketing and is in charge of The9s marketing
and public relations activities. Prior to joining The9, Mr. Shen served as Group Account Director
and Account Director for several renowned advertising agencies in Shanghai and Taipei, mainly
focused on servicing multinational brands of different industries, including fast-moving consumer
goods, financial services and retailing. During the past 12 years, Mr. Shen helped numerous local
and international brands plan and execute various marketing initiatives, resulting in these brands
excellent performance in their respective markets. Mr. Shen received his Bachelors degree in
management science from the National Chiao Tung University in Taiwan.
Yong Wang has served as our Vice President overseeing our Sales and Customer Services
Departments since January 2007. Since May 2005, Mr. Wang served as the Senior Director of our
Customer Service Department. From December 2001 to April 2005, he served as the Director of our
Sales Department and led our sales department in strengthening the national distribution network
for our pre-paid game cards. Prior to joining us, Mr. Wang worked as a business development
manager at East Asia International Trader Company from 1999 to 2000, and a supervisor of general
business department at East Assets Trading Co., Ltd. from 1992 to 1999. Mr. Wang graduated from
the Shanghai Mechanical College.
Jun Yao has served as our Vice President in charge of business development since 2000. Prior
to joining us, he was a business development manager at Eachnet.com from January 2000 to June 2000.
From 1998 to 1999, Mr. Yao was a manager in the business technology and consulting department of
Pudong Software Development Company. Prior to that, he worked at the Shanghai Municipal Government
and Pudong New District Government from 1992 to 1998. Mr. Yao received his Bachelors degree from
Zhejiang University.
Dong Lei Fang has served as our Vice President since May 2008. Prior to joining The9, Mr.
Fang served as Chief Operating Officer of CDC Games at China.com. Mr. Fang joined China.com in
November 2005 and has held various positions including Chief Technical Officer, Vice President of
Operations, as well as Director of Product Channel Management. Prior to that, Mr. Fang served at
SINA.com for six years in various positions including Marketing Director for Search Division, and
Channel Manager of North China. Mr. Fang received his Bachelor Degree in Automatics from the
Industrial University of Beijing in 1999.
B. Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers
In 2007, the aggregate cash compensation to our executive officers was approximately
RMB17,810,205 (US$2,441,560). We paid a total of RMB0.8 million (US$0.1 million) in cash to our
non-executive directors for their services in 2007. No executive officer is entitled to any
severance benefits upon termination of his or her employment with our company.
Amended 2004 Stock Option Plan
Our board of directors and our shareholders have adopted and approved an Amended 2004 Stock
Option Plan in order to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of
substantial responsibility, to provide additional incentive to employees, directors and consultants
and to promote the success of our business. In December 2006, we increased the ordinary shares
reserved under our 2004 option plan to 2,449,614 shares. Of this
62
amount,
options to purchase 2,261,708 shares were granted as of June 30, 2008, excluding
options forfeited pursuant to the terms of our Amended 2004 Stock Option Plan. The following table
provides a summary of the options granted to our directors, executive officers and other
individuals as a group under our Amended 2004 Stock Option Plan as of
June 30, 2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Number of Ordinary |
|
Exercise |
|
|
Shares Underlying Options |
|
Price Range |
|
|
Granted* |
|
(in US$) |
|
Jun Zhu |
|
|
950,000 |
|
|
38.54 |
Hannah Lee |
|
|
138,324 |
|
|
17.00-19.96 |
Jun Yao |
|
|
112,272 |
|
|
17.00-30.90 |
Yong Wang |
|
|
96,102 |
|
|
17.00 |
Chris Shen |
|
|
40,000 |
|
|
19.96-30.90 |
Stephen Law** |
|
|
14,300 |
|
|
17.00 |
Chao Y. Wang |
|
|
39,300 |
|
|
17.00 -38.54 |
Ka Keung Yeung |
|
|
39,300 |
|
|
17.50 -38.54 |
Davin Alexander Mackenzie |
|
|
39,300 |
|
|
17.50 -38.54 |
Lingdong Huang |
|
|
36,450 |
|
|
17.00 -30.90 |
Other individuals as a group |
|
|
756,360 |
|
|
17.00 -30.90 |
|
|
|
* |
|
Excluding 355,483 options forfeited as of June 30, 2008 pursuant to the terms of our Amended
2004 Stock Option Plan. |
|
** |
|
Stephen Laws option vesting period was extended until June 13, 2008. Mr. Law exercised
1,788 options on May 28, 2008, at an exercise price of US$24.56, for an aggregate of
US$43,913.28. |
The following paragraphs describe the other principal terms of our Amended 2004 Stock Option
Plan.
Termination of Options. Where the option agreement permits the exercise or purchase of the
options granted for a certain period of time following the recipients termination of service with
us, or the recipients disability or death, the options will terminate to the extent not exercised
or purchased on the last day of the specified period or the last day of the original term of the
options, whichever occurs first.
Administration. Our stock option plan is administered by our board of directors or an option
administrative committee designated by our board of directors constituted to comply with applicable
laws. In each case, our board of directors or the committee it designates will determine the
provisions, terms and conditions of each option grant, including, but not limited to, the option
vesting schedule, repurchase provisions, forfeiture provisions, form of payment upon settlement of
the award, payment contingencies and satisfaction of any performance criteria.
Vesting Schedule. Options granted under our stock option plan vest over a two to four year
period following a specified vesting commencement date. In general, between one half to one-fourth
of the options granted vest at the end of the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date
and the remainder will vest over the remaining vesting period on a monthly basis, subject to the
recipient of the option continuing to be employed by us on each vesting date.
Option Agreement. Options granted under our stock option plan are evidenced by an option
agreement that contains, among other things, provisions concerning exercisability and forfeiture
upon termination of employment or consulting arrangement, as determined by our board. In addition,
the option agreement also provides that options granted under our stock option plan are subject to
a 180-day lock-up period following the effective date of a registration statement filed by us under
the Securities Act, if so requested by us or any representative of the underwriters in connection
with any registration of the offering of any of our securities.
Option Exercise. The term of options granted under our stock option plan may not exceed five
years from the date of grant. The consideration to be paid for our shares upon exercise of an
option or purchase of shares underlying the option will be determined by the plan administrator and
may include cash, check, ordinary shares, a
63
promissory note, consideration received by us under a cashless exercise program implemented by
us in connection with our stock option plan, or any combination of the foregoing methods of
payment.
Third-Party Acquisition. If a third party acquires us through the purchase of all or
substantially all of our assets, a merger or other business combination, all outstanding options or
share purchase rights will be assumed or equivalent options or rights substituted by the successor
corporation or parent or subsidiary of successor corporation. In the event that the successor
corporation refuses to assume or substitute for the options or share purchase rights, all options
or share purchase rights will become fully vested and exercisable immediately prior to such
transaction and all unexercised awards will terminate unless, in either case, the awards are
assumed by the successor corporation or its parent.
Changes in Capitalization and Other Adjustments. If we shall at any time increase or decrease
the number of outstanding shares, or change in any way the rights and privileges of our outstanding
shares, by means of a payment or a stock dividend or any other distribution upon such ordinary
shares, or through a stock split, subdivision, consolidation, combination, reclassification or
recapitalization involving such ordinary shares, then in relation to the ordinary shares that are
covered by the options granted or available under the plan and are affected by one or more of the
above events, the number, rights and privileges shall be increased, decreased or changed in like
manner as if such ordinary shares had been issued and outstanding, fully paid and non-assessable at
the time of such occurrence.
Termination of Plan. Unless terminated earlier, our stock option plan will expire in 2014.
Our board of directors has the authority to amend, alter, suspend or terminate our stock option
plan subject to shareholder approval to the extent necessary to comply with applicable law.
However, no such action may (i) impair the rights of any optionee unless agreed by the optionee and
the stock option plan administrator, or (ii) affect the stock option plan administrators ability
to exercise the powers granted to it under our stock option plan.
C. Board Practices
In 2007, our directors met in person or via telecommunication devices five times and passed
resolutions by unanimous written consent nine times. Most directors attended all of the meetings
of our board and its committees on which he served after becoming a member of our board. No
director is entitled to any severance benefits upon termination of his directorship with us.
Board of Directors
Our board of directors consists of the following five directors: Jun Zhu, Cheung Kin Au-Yeung,
Chao Y. Wang, Davin Mackenzie and Ka Keung Yeung. A director is not required to hold any shares
in our company by way of qualification. A director may vote with respect to any contract, proposed
contract or arrangement in which he is materially interested. A director may exercise all the
powers of our company to borrow money, mortgage its undertaking, property and uncalled capital, and
issue debentures or other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any obligation
of the company or of any third party.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Audit Committee. In 2007, our audit committee held four meetings. Our audit committee
consists of Messrs. Chao Y. Wang, Davin Mackenzie and Ka Keung Yeung, all of whom satisfy the
independence definition under Rule 4200 of the Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. Marketplace Rules, or the
Nasdaq Rules and the audit committee independence standard under Rule 10A-3 under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All the members of our audit committee meet the financial
expert definition of the Nasdaq Rules.
The audit committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits
of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for, among other
things:
|
|
|
selecting the independent auditors and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing
services permitted to be performed by the independent auditors; |
64
|
|
|
reviewing and approving all proposed related-party transactions; |
|
|
|
|
discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the
independent auditors; |
|
|
|
|
annually reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of our audit committee charter; |
|
|
|
|
meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent auditors; |
|
|
|
|
reporting regularly to the full board of directors; and |
|
|
|
|
such other matters that are specifically delegated to our audit committee by our
board of directors from time to time. |
Compensation Committee. In 2007, our compensation committee held four meetings. Our
compensation committee consists of Messrs. Chao Y. Wang, Davin Mackenzie and Ka Keung Yeung, all of
whom meet the independence definition under the Nasdaq Rules. The compensation committee assists
the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our executive officers,
including all forms of compensation to be provided to our executive officers. The compensation
committee will be responsible for, among other things:
|
|
|
reviewing and determining the compensation for our seven most senior executives; |
|
|
|
|
reviewing the compensation of our other employees and recommending any proposed
changes to the management; |
|
|
|
|
reviewing and approving director and officer indemnification and insurance matters; |
|
|
|
|
reviewing and approving any employee loans in an amount equal to or greater than
US$60,000 (or such amount as from time to time as announced by the relevant regulatory
bodies as requiring the approval of the Committee); and |
|
|
|
|
reviewing periodically and approving any long-term incentive compensation or equity
plans, programs or similar arrangements, annual bonuses, employee pension and welfare
benefit plans. |
Option Administrative Committee. Our option administrative committee consists of Messrs. Zhu
and Au-Yueng. The option administrative committee assists the board in reviewing details of our
stock option plan, and along with the board determines the provisions, terms and conditions of each
option grant, including, but not limited to, the option vesting schedule, repurchase provisions,
forfeiture provisions, form of payment upon settlement of the award, payment contingencies and
satisfaction of any performance criteria. The option administrative committee did not meet in
2007.
Duties of Directors
Under Cayman Islands law, our directors have a statutory duty of loyalty to act honestly in
good faith with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a duty to exercise the skill
they actually possess and such care and diligence that a reasonably prudent person would exercise
in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure
compliance with our memorandum and articles of association.
Terms of Directors
Our board of directors are currently divided into two classes with different terms, one of
which expires each year. This provision would delay the replacement of a majority of our directors
and would make changes to the board of directors more difficult than if such provision were not in
place. The three independent directors hold office until the date of the annual general meeting of
shareholders to be held in 2009, and Jun Zhu and Cheung Kin Au-Yeung, each of whom represents a
major shareholder of our company, will hold office until the date of the annual general meeting of
shareholders to be held in 2008.
65
Upon expiration of the term of office of each class, succeeding directors in each class will
be elected for a term of three years. Directors may be removed from office by ordinary resolution
of shareholders at any time before the expiration of his/her term.
Pursuant to the natural expiration of the directorial terms, elections for directors would be
held each year on the date of the annual general meeting of shareholders. We may remove a director
from office by ordinary resolution.
Voting Agreement
On November 26, 2004, Incsight Limited and Bosma Limited, our two largest shareholders,
entered into a voting agreement with respect to the election of our board of directors. Both
parties have agreed to vote their respective shares to ensure that our board of directors consists
of: (i) one director designated by Incsight, so long as it holds 5% or more of our total
outstanding shares, which initially shall be Jun Zhu; (ii) one director designated by Bosma, so
long as it holds 5% more of our total outstanding shares, which initially shall be Stephen Law;
(iii) two individuals mutually acceptable to Incsight and Bosma, but who are not otherwise
affiliated with either of them, our company or any of our shareholders; and (iv) an additional
individual who is not affiliated with either Incsight, Bosma, our company or any of our
shareholders. Both parties agreed to vote to ensure that none of the directors elected pursuant to
the voting agreement shall be removed from office, except for cause or unless by the affirmative
vote of both parties. In addition, each of Incsight and Bosma agrees to elect one or two
individuals designated by the other party as directors so long as each of them holds not less than
20% of the total issued shares of our company. The voting agreement shall continue until both
parties mutually agree in writing to terminate it.
D. Employees
As of December 31, 2007, we had 1,361 employees, including 93 in management and
administration, 811 in our customer service centers, 234 in game operations, sales and marketing,
and 223 in product development, including supplier management personnel and technical support
personnel. We consider our relations with our employees to be good.
E. Share Ownership
The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our
ordinary shares as of May 31, 2008, by:
(1) each of our directors and executive officers who are also our shareholders; and
(2) each person known to us to own beneficially more than 5% of our ordinary shares.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned |
Name |
|
Number(1) |
|
%(2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Directors and executive officers: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jun Zhu(3) |
|
|
6,007,334 |
|
|
|
20.50 |
|
All Directors and Senior Executive Officers as a Group(4) |
|
|
6,097,334 |
|
|
|
20.81 |
|
Principal shareholders: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bosma Limited(5) |
|
|
5,145,065 |
|
|
|
17.56 |
|
EA International Studio and Publishing Ltd.(6) |
|
|
4,506,829 |
|
|
|
15.38 |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and
Exchange Commission, and includes voting or investment power with respect to the securities. |
|
(2) |
|
Percentage of beneficial ownership is based on 29,606,629 ordinary shares outstanding as of
May 31, 2008, excluding shares underlying outstanding options as
of that date and shares repurchased pursuant to our share repurchase
program but not yet accounted for in our member register. Under §37(3)(g)
of the Cayman Islands Companies Law (2007 Revision), shares redeemed or purchased under §37 shall be treated as canceled on redemption or purchase, and
the amount of a companys share capital shall be diminished by the nominal value of those shares accordingly. It is, however,
the register of members which determines whether shares have been validly issued, transferred or repurchased. Board resolutions
approving and executing the repurchase of shares pursuant to our share repurchase program have been adopted, but such purchases have not yet been reflected
in our register of members. For purposes of this annual report on Form 20-F, we have determined beneficial ownership based upon the
number of outstanding shares reflected in our register of members, but have calculated earnings per share and other financial metrics to
take into account repurchases made pursuant to our share repurchase program. |
|
(3) |
|
Consists of 6,000,000 ordinary shares held by Incsight Limited, a British Virgin Islands
company 100% owned by Mr. Zhu and 7,334 ordinary shares beneficially owned by Mr. Zhu. The
business address for Mr. |
66
|
|
|
|
|
Zhu is Building No. 3, 690 Bibo Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai
201203, Peoples Republic of China. |
|
(4) |
|
Shares owned by all of our directors and executive officers as a group include shares
beneficially owned by Jun Zhu and Xudong He, and exclude shares underlying options held by our
directors and officers. |
|
(5) |
|
Consists of 5,145,065 ordinary shares held by Bosma. Bosma Limited, a British Virgin Islands
corporation, is wholly-owned by Morningside VC Limited, a British Virgin Islands corporation,
which is in turn wholly-owned by The HCB Trust, an Isle of Man trust, the trustee of which is
Dunn Investments Limited, an Isle of Man corporation. Dunn Investments Limited controls
indirectly, through The HCB Trust, a 100% interest in Bosma Limited, and as a result has the
sole power to vote and dispose of the shares of The9 Limited held by Bosma Limited. Dunn
Investments Limited is controlled by its board of directors, consisting of Lorna Irene Cameron
and Philip Alvaro Salazar, both of whom expressly disclaim beneficial ownership of the shares
held by Bosma Limited. The address for Bosma Limited is Pasea Estate, Road Town, Tortola,
British Virgin Islands. |
|
(6) |
|
Consists of 4,506,829 shares owned by EA International Studio and Publishing Ltd., a Bermuda
corporation. The address for EA International Studio and Publishing Ltd. is LOM Building, 27
Reid Street, Hamilton, HM 11, Bermuda. |
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A. Major Shareholders
See Item 6, Directors, Senior Management and Employees Share Ownership.
B. Related Party Transactions
Arrangements with Affiliated PRC Entities
Current PRC laws and regulations impose substantial restrictions on foreign ownership of
entities involved in the Internet content provision, Internet culture operation and Internet
publishing businesses in China, which include online game operations. Therefore, we conduct part
of our activities through a series of agreements with Shanghai IT under which Shanghai IT, The9
Computer and 9Webzen Shanghai jointly operate the MU game in China and share the revenues from MU
before October 2006. C9I Shanghai has entered into similar contractual arrangements with Shanghai
IT and The9 Computer to jointly operate WoW in mainland China and to share the revenues from
operating WoW in China.
Shanghai IT holds the requisite licenses and approvals for conducting Internet content
provision, Internet culture operation and Internet publishing businesses in China; Shanghai IT is
owned by Jun Zhu, our Chief Executive Officer and shareholder, and Yong Wang, our Vice President.
Shanghai Advertisement held the requisite license for conducting the advertising business in China;
Shanghai Advertisement was owned by Shanghai IT and Xudong He, our Vice President. Shanghai
Advertisement is now dissolved. Shanghai Jiucheng Advertisement, which is wholly owned by Shanghai
IT, now holds the requisite business license for an advertising entity in China.
We have obtained the exclusive right to benefit from Shanghai ITs licenses and approvals. In
addition, through a series of contractual arrangements with Shanghai IT, Shanghai Advertisement and
their respective shareholders, we are able to direct and control the operation and management of
Shanghai IT and Shanghai Advertisement. We believe that the individual shareholders of Shanghai IT
and Shanghai Advertisement will not receive material personal benefits from these agreements except
as shareholders of The9 Limited.
We do not believe we could have obtained these agreements, taken as a whole, from unrelated
third parties. Because of the uncertainty relating to the legal and regulatory environment in
China, the terms of most of the agreements were not defined unless terminated by the parties
thereto. According to our PRC counsel, PRC Counsel Partners, these agreements, except for those
that have already been terminated, are valid, binding and enforceable under the current laws and
regulations of China. The principal provisions of these agreements are described below.
67
Master Agreement for MU. The9 Computer, 9Webzen and Shanghai IT have entered into a master
agreement in connection with operating MU in China and providing services to customers jointly.
Under the agreement, The9 Computer acts as the technical service provider of Pass9, which is the
membership management and payment system used in our online game operation; 9Webzen Shanghai acts
as the exclusive licensee of MU in China and the technical service provider for the operation of
MU; and Shanghai IT acts as the provider of the domain name www.muchina.com and Internet content
provider. The parties share the revenues generated by MU in China pursuant to the following
revenue sharing provisions set forth in the agreement: (i) Shanghai IT is entitled to the amounts
being RMB10 per average concurrent user per month, but in any case no more than 5.5% of net
revenue; (ii) The9 Computer is entitled to 5% of net revenue prior to October 2006, and none
thereafter; and (iii) 9Webzen is entitled to the rest of the revenue after deducting the portions
allocated to Shanghai IT and The9 Computer.
Master Agreement for WoW. The9 Computer, C9I Shanghai and Shanghai IT have entered into a
master agreement in connection with the operation of WoW in China and providing services to
customers jointly. Under the agreement, The9 Computer acts as the technical service provider of
Pass9, which is the membership management and payment system used in our online game operation; C9I
Shanghai acts as the exclusive licensee of WoW in China and the technical service provider for the
operation of WoW. The revenues generated by WoW in China are shared by C9I Shanghai, Shanghai IT
and The9 Computer pursuant to following revenue sharing provisions set forth in the master
agreement in connection with operating WoW in China: (i) Shanghai IT is entitled to RMB10,000 per
month; (ii) The9 Computer is entitled to 5% of net revenue, less the RMB10,000 per month paid to
Shanghai IT; and (iii) C9I Shanghai is entitled to the remaining 95% of net revenue. Since
February 2007, the Domain Name License Agreement terminated and The9 Computer, C9I Shanghai and
Shanghai IT amended the Master Agreement for WoW to add China The9 Interactive (Beijing) (C9I
Beijing) as a party to the Master Agreement, which was updated in May 2007. Pursuant to this
amendment, the revenue-sharing arrangements were revised so that all revenue is recognized by
Shanghai IT first, and services are provided and revenue recognized by the other parties based on
fair-market value.
Domain Name License Agreement. We granted Shanghai IT the right to use the domain name
www.the9.com for its hosting of the9 City and its provision of Internet content in China since
January 2001, and the relevant license agreement was terminated when we transferred the domain name
www.the9.com to Shanghai IT.
Exclusive Technical Service Agreement. We provide Shanghai IT with technical services for the
operation of computer software and related business, including the provision of systematic
solutions to the operation of Internet websites, the rental of computer and Internet facilities,
daily maintenance of Internet servers and databases, the development and update of relevant
computer software, and all other related technical and consulting services. Shanghai IT pays
quarterly service fees to us based on their actual operating results. We are the exclusive
provider of these services to Shanghai IT.
Shareholder Voting Proxy Agreements. Each of the shareholders of Shanghai IT has entered into
a Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreement with us, under which each shareholder of Shanghai IT
irrevocably grants us the power to exercise all voting rights to which he is entitled as a
shareholder of Shanghai IT. We have also entered into a similar agreement with the individual
shareholder of Shanghai Advertisement.
Call Option Agreements. We entered into a call option agreement with each of the shareholders
of Shanghai IT, under which the parties irrevocably agreed that, at our sole discretion, we and/or
any third parties designated by us will be entitled to acquire all or part of the equity interests
in Shanghai IT, to the extent permitted by the then-effective PRC laws and regulations. The
consideration for such acquisition will be the minimum amount permitted by applicable PRC law. The
shareholders of Shanghai IT have also agreed not to enter into any transaction, or fail to take any
action, that would substantially affect the assets, liabilities, equity or operations of Shanghai
IT without our prior written consent. We and the only individual shareholder of Shanghai
Advertisement have entered into a similar call option agreement.
Loan Agreements. From 2002 to May 2005, we loaned a total of RMB23.0 million to the
shareholders of Shanghai IT, solely for the purposes of capitalizing and increasing the registered
capital of Shanghai IT. Such loan shall become immediately due and payable when we send a written
notice to the borrowers requesting repayment. Jun Zhu and Yong Wang have pledged all of their
equity interests in Shanghai IT in favor of us under an equity
68
pledge agreement. In the event of a breach of any term in the loan agreement or any other
agreement by either Shanghai IT or its shareholders, we will be entitled to enforce our rights as a
pledgee under the agreement.
Equity Pledge Agreements. To secure the full performance by Shanghai IT or its shareholders
of their respective obligations under the Exclusive Technical Service Agreement, the Shareholder
Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, the Call Option Agreement and the Loan Agreement, the shareholders
of Shanghai IT have pledged all of their equity interests in Shanghai IT in favor of us under an
equity pledge agreement. In the event of a breach of any term in the above agreements by either
Shanghai IT or its shareholders, we will be entitled to enforce our pledge rights over such pledged
equity interests to compensate for any and all losses suffered from such breach. A similar equity
pledge agreement was also entered into by and between us and the individual shareholder of Shanghai
Advertisement.
Transactions with China Interactive
In July 2003, we and China Interactive formed C9I to acquire an exclusive license from VUG to
localize and operate the WoW game in China. We have had effective control over C9Is management
and operations since its inception. When C9I was established in July 2003, we and China
Interactive owned 54% and 46% of C9I, respectively. Our share ownership in C9I increased to 68.9%
in January 2005 when China Interactive transferred a 14.9% interest in C9I to us at the per share
price equal to the aggregate invested amount per share paid by China Interactive for the
transferred shares. Such transfer was made in connection with our grant of a demand loan in the
aggregate principal amount of US$4.6 million to China Interactive.
In April 2005, concurrently with our execution of a loan agreement to grant China Interactive
a US$6.0 million, interest-bearing loan, China Interactive granted an option to us to purchase all
C9Is shares held by China Interactive at the total purchase price equal to the principal amount of
the loan plus the interest accrued thereon. We may exercise the option, in whole or in part, only
if China Interactive fails to repay the loan and interest accrued thereon in full on the maturity
date of the loan or otherwise breaches the loan agreement, or an event of default under the loan
agreement shall have occurred. The loan matures one year from the date on which the loan was made.
China Interactive has pledged all of its C9I shares to us to secure the due and timely performance
of its obligations under the loan agreement. In July 2005, we signed a term sheet to purchase the
remaining 31.1% interest in C9I from China Interactive for a total purchase price of US$40 million,
payable at four installments. We acquired the remaining interest and C9I became our wholly-owned
subsidiary in late August 2005. As of the date of this report, the US$40 million purchase price
has been paid in full.
Investments in Affiliated Companies
In December 2005, we entered into an agreement with Webzen, Inc. to sell our 21% interest in
9Webzen to Webzen, Inc. for a total consideration of US$2.8 million. After completion of the sale,
our interest in 9Webzen was reduced from 51% to 30%.
In June 2005, we entered into a joint venture agreement through Spring Asia with Softworld,
Ltd., and established GFD, Inc., or GFD. At that point we held 30% of GFD, with Softworld, Ltd.
owning the remaining 70%. Our total investment in this joint venture was US$1.5 million, and GFD
held an exclusive license to operate the WoW game in China outside of mainland China. In December
2006, we entered into an agreement with China Interactive Limited to sell our 100% interest in
Spring Asia Limited for a total consideration of US$7.0 million. This payment was guaranteed by IAH,
a company in which we own shares.
In August 2006, we invested in Sunmi Rise Limited. We currently own 30% of Sunmi Rise and our
total investment in this company was US$1.0 million. Sunmi Rise holds an exclusive license to
operate Groove Party, a casual online game in mainland China.
In July 2006, we invested in IAH. As of December 31, 2007, the Groups investment represents
IAHs 11.4% equity interest on an as converted basis. In accordance with SFAS No. 115
Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities (SFAS 115), the convertible
and redeemable preferred shares are debt securities that are recorded as available-for-sale
investment. In 2007, the company recognized RMB13,643,131
69
(US$1.9 million) for change in the fair value of the investment in IAH in other comprehensive
income. IAH holds exclusive licenses to operate Granado Espada and Hellgate: London in eight
southeast Asia countries.
In January 2008, we invested in Ideas Corporation. We currently own 17% redeemable preferred
shares and 17% ordinary shares of Ideas and our total investment in this company is US$3.5 million.
Ideas was the developer of You Can Dance, a casual online game.
In April 2008, we invested approximately US$38.3 million in G10 Entertainment Corporation.
Stock Option Grants
See Item 6, Directors, Senior Management and Employees Amended 2004 Stock Option Plan.
C. Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not applicable.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
We have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.
Legal Proceedings
We are currently awaiting an initial hearing date for a lawsuit filed by Beijing Founder
Electronics Co., Ltd. (Founder) alleging that WoW client installation packages sold in 2007
contained fonts that infringe Founders intellectual property rights. Other than that, we are not
currently a party to any material litigation or other legal proceeding and are not aware of any
pending or threatened litigation or other legal proceeding that may have a material adverse impact
on our business or operations.
Dividend Policy
Since our inception in 1999, we have not declared or paid any dividends on our ordinary
shares. We do not have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on our ordinary shares in the
foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any
future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business.
We rely on dividends and other fees paid to us by our subsidiaries and an affiliated entity in
China. In accordance with current PRC laws, regulations and accounting standards, our subsidiaries
and an affiliated entity in China are required to allocate to their general reserves at least 10%
of their respective after-tax profits. Appropriations to these reserves are not required after
these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the respective companies. In
addition, at the discretion of their respective board of directors or shareholders meeting, our
subsidiaries and an affiliated entity in China may allocate a portion of their respective after-tax
profits to their staff welfare and bonus funds or discretionary surplus reserve. Staff welfare and
bonus reserve funds may not be distributed to equity owners.
Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether we will distribute dividends in
the future, subject to the approval of our shareholders. Even if our board of directors determines
to distribute dividends, the form, frequency and amount of our dividends will depend upon our
future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition,
contractual restrictions and other factors as the board of directors may deem relevant. Any
dividend we declare will be paid to the holders of ADSs, subject to the terms of the deposit
agreement, to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, less the fees and expenses payable
under the deposit agreement. Any dividend we declare will be distributed by the depositary bank to
the holders of our ADSs. Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S.
dollars.
70
B. Significant Changes
We have not experienced any significant changes since the date of our audited consolidated
financial statements included in this annual report.
ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING
A. Offering and Listing Details.
Our ADSs, each representing one ordinary share, have been listed on the Nasdaq Global Market
since December 15, 2004. Our ADSs are traded under the symbol NCTY.
For the year ended December 31, 2005, the trading price ranged from US$13.69 to US$28.51 per
ADS. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the trading price ranged from US$15.50 to US$32.87 per
ADS. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the trading price ranged from US$19.56 to US$52.44 per
ADS.
The following table provides the high and low trading prices for our ADSs on the Nasdaq Global
Market for the periods shown.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales Price |
|
|
High |
|
Low |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annual Highs and Lows |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
32.87 |
|
|
|
15.50 |
|
2007 |
|
|
52.44 |
|
|
|
19.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly Highs and Lows |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter 2006 |
|
|
31.94 |
|
|
|
15.50 |
|
Second Quarter 2006 |
|
|
31.77 |
|
|
|
21.56 |
|
Third Quarter 2006 |
|
|
27.15 |
|
|
|
20.75 |
|
Fourth Quarter 2006 |
|
|
32.87 |
|
|
|
20.80 |
|
First Quarter 2007 |
|
|
39.73 |
|
|
|
29.80 |
|
Second Quarter 2007 |
|
|
46.98 |
|
|
|
33.34 |
|
Third Quarter 2007 |
|
|
52.44 |
|
|
|
31.66 |
|
Fourth Quarter 2007 |
|
|
36.25 |
|
|
|
19.56 |
|
First Quarter 2008 |
|
|
23.75 |
|
|
|
15.05 |
|
Second Quarter 2008 (through June 25) |
|
|
27.80 |
|
|
|
18.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Monthly Highs and Lows |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 2007 |
|
|
25.85 |
|
|
|
21.15 |
|
January 2008 |
|
|
23.75 |
|
|
|
15.05 |
|
February 2008 |
|
|
22.90 |
|
|
|
16.36 |
|
March 2008 |
|
|
21.72 |
|
|
|
17.07 |
|
April 2008 |
|
|
22.16 |
|
|
|
18.70 |
|
May 2008 |
|
|
27.80 |
|
|
|
20.77 |
|
June 2008 (through June 25) |
|
|
26.54 |
|
|
|
21.92 |
|
B. Plan of Distribution
Not applicable.
C. Markets
Our ADSs, each representing one ordinary share, have been listed on the Nasdaq Global Market
since December 15, 2004 under the symbol NCTY.
D. Selling Shareholders
71
Not applicable.
E. Dilution
Not applicable.
F. Expenses of the Issue
Not applicable.
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A. Share Capital
Not applicable.
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association
We incorporate by reference into this annual report the description of our amended and
restated memorandum of association contained in our F-1 registration statement (File No.
333-120810) originally filed with the SEC on November 26, 2004, as amended. Our shareholders
adopted our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association by a special resolution on
December 9, 2004.
C. Material Contracts
We have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business
and other than those described in Item 4, Information on the Company or elsewhere in this annual
report on Form 20-F.
D. Exchange Controls
Chinas government imposes control over the convertibility of RMB into foreign currencies.
The conversion of RMB into foreign currencies, including U.S. dollars, has been based on rates
announced by the Peoples Bank of China. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its
decade-old policy of pegging the value of the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy,
the Renminbi is permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain
foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximately 11.9% appreciation of
the RMB against the U.S. dollar by the end of 2007. While the international reaction to the RMB
revaluation has generally been positive, there remains significant international pressure on the
PRC government to adopt an even more flexible currency policy, which could result in a further and
more significant appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar.
Pursuant to the Foreign Exchange Control Regulations issued by the State Council on January
29, 1996, and effective as of April 1, 1996 (and amended on January 14, 1997) and the
Administration of Settlement, Sale and Payment of Foreign Exchange Regulations which came into
effect on July 1, 1996 regarding foreign exchange control, or the Regulations, conversion of RMB
into foreign exchange by foreign investment enterprises for current account items, including the
distribution of dividends and profits to foreign investors of joint ventures, is permissible.
Foreign investment enterprises are permitted to remit foreign exchange from their foreign exchange
bank account in China on the basis of, inter alia, the terms of the relevant joint venture
contracts and the board resolutions declaring the distribution of the dividend and payment of
profits. On January 14, 1997, the State Council amended the Foreign Exchange Control Regulations
and added, among other things, an important provision, as Article 5 provides that the State shall
not impose restrictions on recurring international current account payments and transfers.
Conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and remittance of foreign currencies for capital account
items, including direct investment, loans, security investment, is still subject to the approval of
SAFE, in each such transaction.
72
Under the Regulations, foreign investment enterprises are required to open and maintain
separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items (but not for other items). In
addition, foreign investment enterprises may only buy, sell and/or remit foreign currencies at
those banks authorized to conduct foreign exchange business upon the production of valid commercial
documents and, in the case of capital account item transactions, document approval from SAFE.
Currently, foreign investment enterprises are required to apply to SAFE for foreign exchange
registration certificates for foreign investment enterprises (which are granted to foreign
investment enterprises, upon fulfilling specified conditions and which are subject to review and
renewal by SAFE on an annual basis). With such foreign exchange registration certificates and
required underlying transaction documents, or with approval documents from the SAFE if the
transactions are under capital account (which are obtained on a transaction-by-transaction basis),
foreign-invested enterprises may enter into foreign exchange transactions at banks authorized to
conduct foreign exchange business to obtain foreign exchange for their needs.
E. Taxation
The following summary of the material Cayman Islands and United States federal income tax
consequences of an investment in our ADSs or ordinary shares is based upon laws and relevant
interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this annual report, all of which are subject to
change. This summary does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in
our ADSs or ordinary shares, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws.
Cayman Islands Taxation
In the opinion of our Cayman Islands counsel, Maples and Calder, the Cayman Islands currently
levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation
and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. No Cayman Islands stamp
duty will be payable unless an instrument is executed in, brought to, or produced before a court of
the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties. There are no
exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
United States Federal Income Taxation
The following discussion describes the material United States federal income tax consequences
under present law of an investment in the ADSs or ordinary shares. This summary applies only to
investors that hold the ADSs or ordinary shares as capital assets and that have the U.S. dollar as
their functional currency. This discussion is based on the tax laws of the United States as in
effect on the date of this report and on United States Treasury regulations in effect or, in some
cases, proposed, as of the date of this report, as well as judicial and administrative
interpretations thereof available on or before such date. All of the foregoing authorities are
subject to change, which change could apply retroactively and could affect the tax consequences
described below.
The following discussion does not deal with the tax consequences to any particular investor or
to persons in special tax situations such as:
|
|
|
banks; |
|
|
|
|
financial institutions; |
|
|
|
|
insurance companies; |
|
|
|
|
broker dealers; |
|
|
|
|
traders that elect to mark to market; |
|
|
|
|
tax-exempt entities; |
73
|
|
|
persons liable for alternative minimum tax; |
|
|
|
|
persons holding an ADS or ordinary share as part of a straddle, hedging, conversion
or integrated transaction; |
|
|
|
|
holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of our voting stock; |
|
|
|
|
persons holding ADSs or ordinary shares through partnerships or other pass-through
entities; or |
|
|
|
|
persons who acquired ADSs or ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of any
employee share option or otherwise as consideration. |
Investors are urged to consult their tax advisors about the application of the United States
federal tax rules to their particular circumstances as well as the state and local and foreign tax
consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares.
The discussion below of the United States federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders
applies to you if you are the beneficial owner of ADSs or ordinary shares and you are, for U.S.
federal income tax purposes.
|
|
|
a citizen or individual resident of the United States; |
|
|
|
|
a corporation or partnership organized under the laws of the United States, any
State or the District of Columbia; |
|
|
|
|
an estate whose income is subject to United States federal income taxation
regardless of its source; |
|
|
|
|
a trust that (1) is subject to the supervision of a court within the United States
and the control of one or more United States persons or (2) has a valid election in
effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States
person. |
If you are a beneficial owner of ADSs or ordinary shares and you are not described as a U.S.
Holder, you will be considered a Non-U.S. Holder. Non-U.S. Holders should consult the discussion
below regarding the United States federal income tax consequences applicable to Non-U.S. Holders.
The discussion below assumes that the representations contained in the deposit agreement are
true and that the obligations in the deposit agreement and any related agreement have been and will
be complied with in accordance with the terms. If you hold ADSs, you should be treated as the
holder of the underlying ordinary shares represented by those ADSs for United States federal income
tax purposes.
The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADSs are pre-released may be
taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming, by U.S. Holders of ADSs, of foreign tax
credits for United States federal income tax purposes. Such actions would also be inconsistent
with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable to dividends received by certain
non-corporate U.S. Holders, as described below. Accordingly, the availability of the reduced tax
rate for dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders could be affected by future
actions that may be taken by the U.S. Treasury or parties to whom ADSs are pre-released.
U.S. Holders
Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on the ADSs or Ordinary Shares
Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, the gross amount of
dividends paid with respect to the ADSs or ordinary shares generally will be included in your gross
income as ordinary dividend income on the date of receipt by the depositary, in the case of ADSs,
or by you, in the case of ordinary shares, but only to the extent that the distribution is paid out
of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as computed under United States federal income
tax principles). The dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-
74
received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S.
corporations. To the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds our current and
accumulated earnings and profits, it will be treated first as a tax-free return of your tax basis
in your ADSs or ordinary shares, and to the extent the amount of the distribution exceeds your tax
basis, the excess will be taxed as capital gain.
Dividends paid in RMB will be included in your income as a U.S. dollar amount based on the
exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt by the depositary, in the case of ADSs, or by you,
in the case of ordinary shares, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S.
dollars at that time. If you do not receive U.S. dollars on the date the dividend is distributed,
you will be required to include either gain or loss in income when you later exchange the RMB for
U.S. dollars. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of
the amount that you include in income upon receipt of the dividend and the amount that you receive
when you actually exchange the RMB for U.S. dollars. The gain or loss generally will be ordinary
income or loss from United States sources.
With respect to individual taxpayers for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, such
dividends may be qualified dividend income which is taxed at the lower applicable capital gains
rate provided that (1) the ADSs or ordinary shares, as applicable, are readily tradable on an
established securities market in the United States, (2) we are not a passive foreign investment
company (as discussed below) for either our taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the
preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period requirements are met. For this purpose,
ADSs listed on Nasdaq will be considered to be readily tradable on an established securities market
in the United States. You should consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower
rate for dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or ordinary shares.
Dividends will constitute foreign source income for foreign tax credit limitation purposes.
If the dividends are qualified dividend income (as discussed above), the amount of the dividend
taken into account for purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit limitation will be limited to
the gross amount of the dividend, multiplied by the reduced rate divided by the highest rate of tax
normally applicable to dividends. The limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is
calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income. For this purpose, dividends
distributed by us with respect to the ADSs or ordinary shares will be passive income or, in the
case of certain U.S. Holders, financial services income. For taxable years beginning after
December 31, 2006, dividends distributed by us with respect to ADSs or ordinary shares generally
will constitute passive category income but could, in the case of certain U.S. Holders,
constitute general category income.
Taxation of Disposition of Shares
Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, you will recognize
taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of an ADS or ordinary share
equal to the difference between the amount realized (in U.S. dollars) for the ADS or ordinary share
and your tax basis (in U.S. dollars) in the ADS or ordinary share. If the consideration you
receive for the ADS or ordinary share is not paid in U.S. dollars, the amount realized will be the
U.S. dollar value of the payment received. In general, the U.S. dollar value of such a payment
will be determined on the date of receipt of payment if you are a cash basis taxpayer and on the
date of disposition if you are an accrual basis taxpayer. However, if the ADSs or ordinary shares,
as applicable, are treated as traded on an established securities market and you are either a cash
basis taxpayer or an accrual basis taxpayer who has made a special election, you will determine the
U.S. dollar value of the amount realized in a foreign currency by translating the amount received
at the spot rate of exchange on the settlement date of the sale. The gain or loss generally will
be capital gain or loss. If you are an individual who has held the ADS or ordinary share for more
than one year, you generally will be eligible for reduced tax rates. The deductibility of capital
losses is subject to limitation. Any such gain or loss that you recognize generally will be
treated as United States source income or loss (in the case of loss, subject to certain
limitations).
Passive Foreign Investment Company
Although it is not clear how the contractual arrangements between us and our an affiliated
entity will be treated for purposes of the passive foreign investment company rules, based on the
market value of our ADSs, the composition of our assets and income and our operations, we believe
that we were not a passive foreign investment
75
company for United States federal income tax purposes for the taxable year ended December 31,
2006. A non-U.S. corporation is considered a passive foreign investment company for any taxable
year if either:
|
|
|
at least 75% of its gross income is passive income (the income test), or |
|
|
|
|
at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values
of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held
for the production of passive income (the asset test). |
We are treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate
share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, more than 25%
(by value) of the stock.
We must make a separate determination each year as to whether we are a passive foreign
investment company. As a result, our passive foreign investment company status may change. In
particular, because the total value of our assets for purposes of the asset test generally will be
calculated using the market price of our ADSs and ordinary shares, our passive foreign investment
company status will depend in large part on the market price of our ADSs and ordinary shares.
Accordingly, fluctuation in the market price of our ADSs or ordinary shares may result in us
becoming a passive foreign investment company in future taxable years. If we are a passive foreign
investment company for any year during which you hold ADSs or ordinary shares, we generally will
continue to be treated as a passive foreign investment company for all succeeding years during
which you own ADSs or ordinary shares. However, if we cease to be a passive foreign investment
company, you may avoid some of the adverse effects of the passive foreign investment company regime
by making a deemed sale election with respect to the ADSs or ordinary shares, as applicable.
If we are a passive foreign investment company for any taxable year during which you hold ADSs
or ordinary shares, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any excess
distribution that you receive and any gain you realize from a sale or other disposition (including
a pledge) of the ADSs or ordinary shares, unless you make a mark-to-market election as discussed
below. Distributions you receive in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average
annual distributions you received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your
holding period for the ADSs or ordinary shares will be treated as an excess distribution. Under
these special tax rules:
|
|
|
the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period
for the ADSs or ordinary shares, |
|
|
|
|
the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year prior to the
first taxable year in which we were a passive foreign investment company, will be
treated as ordinary income, and |
|
|
|
|
the amount allocated to each other year will be subject to tax at the highest tax
rate in effect for that year and the interest charge generally applicable to
underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such
year. |
The tax liability for amounts allocated to years prior to the year of disposition or excess
distribution cannot be offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not
losses) realized on the sale of the ADSs or ordinary shares cannot be treated as capital, even if
you hold the ADSs or ordinary shares as capital assets.
If we are a passive foreign investment company, you may avoid taxation under the rules
described above by making a qualified electing fund election to include your share of our income
on a current basis, or a deemed sale election once we no longer qualify as a passive foreign
investment company. However, you may make a qualified electing fund election only if we agree to
furnish you annually with certain tax information, and we do not intend to prepare or provide such
information.
Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of marketable stock in a passive foreign investment company may
make a mark-to-market election for such stock of a passive foreign investment company to elect out
of the tax treatment discussed above. If you make a valid mark-to-market election for the ADSs or
ordinary shares, you will include in
76
income each year an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the ADSs
or ordinary shares as of the close of your taxable year over your adjusted basis in such ADSs or
ordinary shares. You are allowed a deduction for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the
ADSs or ordinary shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year. However,
deductions are allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the ADSs or ordinary
shares included in your income for prior taxable years. Amounts included in your income under a
mark-to-market election, as well as gain on the actual sale or other disposition of the ADSs or
ordinary shares, are treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss treatment also applies to the
deductible portion of any mark-to-market loss on the ADSs or ordinary shares, as well as to any
loss realized on the actual sale or disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares, to the extent that
the amount of such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included for such
ADSs or ordinary shares. Your basis in the ADSs or ordinary shares will be adjusted to reflect any
such income or loss amounts. If you make such a mark-to-market election, tax rules that apply to
distributions by corporations which are not passive foreign investment companies would apply to
distributions by us (except that the lower applicable capital gains rate would not apply).
The mark-to-market election is available only for marketable stock, which is stock that is
traded in other than de minimis quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter
(regularly traded) on a qualified exchange or other market, as defined in applicable Treasury
regulations. The ADSs are currently listed on Nasdaq, which is a qualified exchange for these
purposes. Accordingly, if the ADSs remain listed on Nasdaq and are regularly traded, the
mark-to-market election would be available to you if you hold ADSs, were we to become a passive
foreign investment company.
If you hold ADSs or ordinary shares in any year in which we are a passive foreign investment
company, you would be required to file Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding distributions
received on the ADSs or ordinary shares and any gain realized on the disposition of the ADSs or
ordinary shares.
Non-U.S. Holders
If you are a Non-U.S. Holder, you generally will not be subject to United States federal
income tax on dividends paid by us unless the income is effectively connected with your conduct of
a trade or business in the United States.
You generally will not be subject to United States federal income tax on any gain attributable
to a sale or other disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares unless such gain is effectively
connected with your conduct of a trade or business within the United States or you are an
individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more and certain other conditions
exist.
Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in
the United States generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as they would be if you were
a U.S. Holder. Effectively connected dividends and gains received by a corporate Non-U.S. Holder
may also be subject to an additional branch profits tax at a 30% rate or a lower tax treaty rate.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
In general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes will apply to
distributions made on the ADSs or ordinary shares paid within the United States to a non-corporate
U.S. Holder and on sales of the ADSs or ordinary shares to or through a United States office of a
broker by a non-corporate U.S. Holder. Payments made outside the United States will be subject to
information reporting in limited circumstances.
In addition, backup withholding of U.S. federal income tax will apply to distributions made on
ADSs or ordinary shares within the United States to a non-corporate U.S. Holder and on sales of
ADSs or ordinary shares to or through a United States office of a broker by a non-corporate U.S.
Holder who:
|
|
|
fails to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number, |
|
|
|
|
is notified by the Internal Revenue Service that backup withholding will be
required, or |
77
|
|
|
fails to comply with applicable certification requirements. |
A Non-U.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup
withholding by providing certification of its foreign status to the payer, under penalties of
perjury, on Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN.
The amount of any backup withholding collected will be allowed as a credit against United
States federal income tax liability provided that appropriate returns are timely filed.
F. Dividends and Paying Agents
Not Applicable.
G. Statement by Experts
Not Applicable.
H. Documents on Display
We previously filed with the SEC our registration statement on Form F-1, as amended and
prospectus under the Securities Act of 1933, with respect to our ordinary shares.
We are subject to the periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Under the Exchange Act, we are
required to file reports and other information with the SEC. Specifically, we are required to file
annually a Form 20-F no later than six months after the close of each fiscal year, which is
December 31. Copies of reports and other information, when so filed, may be inspected without
charge and may be obtained at prescribed rates at the public reference facilities maintained by the
Securities and Exchange Commission at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, and at the
regional office of the Securities and Exchange Commission located at Citicorp Center, 500 West
Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661. The public may obtain information regarding
the Washington, D.C. Public Reference Room by calling the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC
also maintains a web site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements,
and other information regarding registrants that make electronic filings with the SEC using its
EDGAR system. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act
prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements, and officers,
directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery
provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
We will furnish our shareholders with annual reports, which will include a review of
operations and annual audited consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with U.S.
GAAP.
I. Subsidiary Information
For a listing of our subsidiaries, see Item 4.C. of this annual report, Information on the
Company Organizational Structure.
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
See Item 5, Operating and Financial Review and Prospects Quantitative and Qualitative
Disclosures About Market Risk.
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
Not Applicable.
78
PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
Not Applicable.
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Not Applicable.
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer, our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our Companys
disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the
U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act)), as of December 31, 2007.
Based on the evaluation, our management has concluded that because of the material weakness in our
internal control over financial reporting noted below, our disclosure controls and procedures were
not effective, as of December 31, 2007.
Managements Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over
financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Because of its inherent
limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements.
A control deficiency exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow
management or employees, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent or
detect misstatements on a timely basis. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of
control deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable
possibility that a material misstatement of the companys annual or interim financial statements
will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive
Officer and Chief Financial Officer, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 based on the Internal Control-Integrated
Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that as of December 31, 2007, we did not
maintain effective control over financial reporting due to a lack of sufficient and appropriate
knowledge, experience and training in the interpretation and application of U.S. GAAP commensurate
with the financial reporting requirements for certain areas, specifically, the recording and
disclosure relating to the assessment and determination of functional currency, accounting for
financial subsidies, accounting for certain types of stock option transactions, accounting for
certain services provided to a vendor, and accounting for certain investments in preferred stock.
Adjustments for the above mentioned areas were incorporated into our final consolidated financial
statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2007 as a result of the involvement of our
auditor.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company, our independent registered public
accounting firm, audited the effectiveness of our companys internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2007, as stated in its report,
which appears on page F-2 of this
Form 20-F.
Managements Plan for Remediation of Material Weaknesses
Our management is evaluating remediation measures we could undertake to address this material
weakness and will continue this evaluation so that we may institute a comprehensive remediation
plan. It is expected that this plan will include but not be limited
to, (a) hiring finance management, resources and personnel with
knowledge and experience in U.S. GAAP, (b) providing more training on
generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of
America to accounting and other relevant personnel, and (c) where necessary, utilizing the services of external consulting
professionals in the area of accounting advisory.
79
Changes in Internal Control
No significant changes have been made to our Companys internal control over financial
reporting during 2007 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect,
our Companys internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
See Item 6.C. of this annual report, Directors, Senior Management and Employees Board
Practices.
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS
Our board of directors has adopted a code of ethics that applies to our directors, officers,
employees and agents, including certain provisions that specifically apply to our chief executive
officer, chief financial officer, senior finance officer, controller, vice presidents and any other
persons who perform similar functions for us. We hereby undertake to provide to any person without
charge, a copy of our code of business conduct and ethics within ten working days after we receive
such persons written request.
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection
with certain professional services rendered by PricewaterhouseCoopers, our principal external
auditors, for the periods indicated below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Audit fees(1) |
|
3,066,676 |
|
|
4,565,399 |
|
|
8,537,214 |
|
|
1,170,347 |
|
Audit-related fees(2) |
|
Nil |
|
Nil |
|
Nil |
|
Nil |
|
Tax fees |
|
Nil |
|
Nil |
|
|
951,423 |
|
|
130,428 |
|
All other fees |
|
Nil |
|
|
11,706 |
|
|
10,942 |
|
|
1,500 |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Audit fees means the aggregate fees billed in each of the fiscal years listed for
professional services rendered by our principal auditors for the audit of our annual financial
statements. |
|
(2) |
|
Audit-related fees means the aggregate fees billed in each of the fiscal years listed for
assurance and related services by our principal auditors that are reasonably related to the
performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under
Audit fees. Services comprising the fees disclosed under the category of Audit-related
fees involve principally the issue of comfort letter, rendering of listing advice, and other
audit-related services for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007. |
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
We are in compliance with the Nasdaq corporate governance rules with respect to the audit
committee.
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.
Not Applicable.
PART III
80
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 18.
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The consolidated financial statements for The9 Limited and its subsidiaries are included at
the end of this annual report.
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
|
|
|
Exhibit Number |
|
Document |
|
|
|
1.1
|
|
Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of The9
Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 from our Registration
Statement on Form F-1 Amendment No.2 (file no. 333-120810) filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on December 9, 2004) |
|
|
|
2.1
|
|
Specimen American Depositary Receipt of The9 Limited (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 from our Registration Statement on Form F-1
Amendment No.2 (file no. 333-120810) filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on December 9, 2004) |
|
|
|
2.2
|
|
Specimen Certificate for Ordinary Shares of The9 Limited (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.2 from our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file
no. 333-120810) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
November 26, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.1
|
|
Form of The9 Limited Stock Option Plans (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 from our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no.
333-120810) on November 26, 2004 |
|
|
|
4.2
|
|
Form of Indemnification Agreement with the Registrants directors and
executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 from our
Registration Statement on Form F-1 Amendment No.1 (file no. 333-120810)
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 30, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.3
|
|
Form of Employment Agreement between the Registrant and a Senior Executive
Officer of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 from
our Registration Statement on Form F-1 Amendment No.1 (file no.
333-120810) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November
30, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.4
|
|
Translation of Exclusive Technical Support Service Agreement, dated
January 14, 2004, between Shanghai IT and The9 Computer (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.4 from our Registration Statement on Form F-1
(file no. 333-120810) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
November 26, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.5
|
|
Translation of Master Agreement, dated January 1, 2004, among 9Webzen
Shanghai, The9 Computer and Shanghai IT (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.5 from our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no.
333-120810) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November
26, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.6
|
|
Translation of Form of Call Option Agreement among The9 Computer, Shanghai
IT and other parties therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6
from our Registration Statement on Form F-1 Amendment No.1 (file no.
333-120810) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November
30, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.7
|
|
Translation of Form of Equity Pledge Agreement among The9 Computer,
Shanghai Advertisement and the other parties therein (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.7 from our Registration Statement on Form F-1
(file no. 333-120810) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
November 30, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.8
|
|
Translation of Form of Loan Agreement between The9 Computer and a
shareholder of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8
from our Registration Statement on Form F-1 |
81
|
|
|
Exhibit Number |
|
Document |
|
|
Amendment No.1 (file no.
333-120810) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November
30, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.9
|
|
Translation of Domain Name License Agreement, dated January 1, 2004,
between GameNow.net (Hong Kong) Limited and Shanghai IT (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.9 from our Registration Statement on Form F-1
(file no. 333-120810) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
November 26, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.10
|
|
Joint Venture Agreement, dated September 10, 2002, between Webzen Inc. and
GameNow.net (Hong Kong) Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.10 from our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 000-53051)
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 26, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.11
|
|
Shareholders Agreement, dated March 10, 2004, by and between China
Interactive (Singapore) Pte Ltd. and GameNow.net (Hong Kong) Limited
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 from our Registration
Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-120810) filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on November 26, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.12
|
|
License and Distribution Agreement, dated February 3, 2004, by and between
Vivendi Universal Games Inc. and China The9 Interactive (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.14 from our Registration Statement on Form F-1
(file no. 333-120810) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
November 26, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.13
|
|
Term Sheet, dated March 10, 2004, by and among C9I, China Interactive
(Singapore) Pte Ltd. and GameNow.net (Hong Kong) Limited (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.15 from our Registration Statement on Form F-1
(file no. 333-120810) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
November 26, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.14
|
|
Amendment to Term Sheet, dated September 29, 2004, by and between China
Interactive (Singapore) Pte Ltd. and GameNow.net (Hong Kong) Limited
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 from our Registration
Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-120810) filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on November 26, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.15
|
|
Translation of Shanghai Municipality Property Lease Commodity Housing
Pre-lease Contract, dated July 4, 2003, between The9 Computer Technology
Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shanghai CITIC Square Co., Ltd. with
respect to the premises where the Registrants principal executive offices
are located (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 from our
Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-120810) filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on November 26, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.16
|
|
Subscription and Purchase Agreement, dated April 2, 2004, by and among
The9 Limited, Object Software Limited and other parties thereto
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 from our Registration
Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-120810) filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on November 26, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.17
|
|
Shareholders Agreement, dated April 16, 2004, by and among The9 Limited,
Object Software Limited and its shareholders party thereto (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.20 from our Registration Statement on Form F-1
(file no. 333-120810) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
November 26, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.18
|
|
Memorandum of Agreement, dated November 9, 2004, between The9 Limited and
Object Software Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 from
our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-120810) filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 26, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.19
|
|
Software License Agreement, dated September 20, 2004, among Hanbitsoft,
Inc., IMC Games, Co., Ltd. and GameNow.net (Hong Kong) Limited
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 from our Registration
Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-120810) filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on November 26, 2004) |
82
|
|
|
Exhibit Number |
|
Document |
|
|
|
4.20
|
|
Translation of Mystina Online Cooperative Agreement, dated July 19, 2004,
between Lager (Beijing) Information Co., Ltd and The9 Limited
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 from our Registration
Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-120810) filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on November 26, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.21
|
|
Translation of Capital Subscription Agreement, dated October 19, 2004,
among Beijing Wanwei Sky Technology Co., Ltd., its shareholders and
Shanghai IT (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 from our
Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-120810) filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on November 26, 2004) |
|
|
|
4.22
|
|
Translation of Shanghai Municipality Property Lease Commodity Housing
Pre-lease Contract, dated May 17, 2005, between The9 Computer Technology
Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Zhangjiang Port of
Microelectronics Co. Ltd., with respect to the premises where the
Registrants principal executive offices are located (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.22 from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 30, 2006) |
|
|
|
4.23
|
|
Translation of Presale Agreement, dated March 17, 2005, between The9
Computer Technology Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Shanghai
Zhangjiang Port of Microelectronics Co. Ltd (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.23 from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission on June 30, 2006) |
|
|
|
4.24
|
|
Loan Agreement, dated December 25, 2004, between China Interactive
(Singapore) Pte. Ltd. and GameNow.net (Hong Kong) Limited (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 4.24 from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 30, 2006) |
|
|
|
4.25
|
|
Share Purchase Agreement, dated December 25, 2004, between China
Interactive (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. and GameNow.net (Hong Kong) Limited
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.25 from our Annual Report on Form
20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 30, 2006) |
|
|
|
4.26
|
|
Loan Agreement, dated April 4, 2005, between China Interactive (Singapore)
Pte. Ltd. and GameNow.net (Hong Kong) Limited (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.26 from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on June 30, 2006) |
|
|
|
4.27
|
|
Pledge of Shares, dated April 4, 2005, between China Interactive
(Singapore) Pte. Ltd. and GameNow.net (Hong Kong) Limited (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 4.27 from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 30, 2006) |
|
|
|
4.28
|
|
Option, dated April 4, 2005, between China Interactive (Singapore) Pte.
Ltd. and GameNow.net (Hong Kong) Limited (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.28 from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission on June 30, 2006) |
|
|
|
4.29
|
|
Share Purchase Agreement, dated August 26, 2005, between China Interactive
(Singapore) Pte. Ltd. and GameNow.net (Hong Kong) Limited (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 4.29 from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 30, 2006) |
|
|
|
4.30
|
|
Share Purchase Agreement, dated December 14, 2005, between GameNow.net
(Hong Kong) Limited and Webzen Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.30 from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on June 30, 2006) |
|
|
|
4.31
|
|
Addendum to Joint Venture Agreement, dated December 16, 2005, between
Webzen Inc. and GameNow.net (Hong Kong) Limited (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.31 from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on June 30, 2006) |
|
|
|
4.32
|
|
List of Counterparties and Translation of Form of Shanghai Municipality
Commodity Property Sale Contract (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.32 from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on June 30, 2006). |
83
|
|
|
Exhibit Number |
|
Document |
|
|
|
4.33
|
|
Translation of Share Transfer Agreement, dated August 14, 2006, between
Qin Jie, Wang Yong, Zhu Jun and Shanghai The9 Information Technology Co.,
Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.33 from our Annual Report
on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 30,
2006) |
|
|
|
4.34
|
|
Translation of Novation Agreement, dated August 14, 2006, between Qin Jie,
Wang Yong, Zhu Jun, The9 Computer Technology Consulting (Shanghai) Co.,
Limited and Shanghai The9 Information Technology Co., Limited
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.34 from our Annual Report on Form
20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 30, 2006) |
|
|
|
4.35
|
|
Translation of Supplementary Agreement between Wang Yong, Zhu Jun and The9
Computer Technology Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Limited (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.35 from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 30, 2006) |
|
|
|
4.36
|
|
Amended 2004 Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.36
from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on June 30, 2006) |
|
|
|
4.37*
|
|
Investment Agreement by and between The9 Limited and EA International
(Studio and Publishing) Ltd. |
|
|
|
8.1
|
|
Subsidiaries of The9 Limited
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 8.1 from our Annual Report
on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
on June 28, 2007) |
|
|
|
11.1
|
|
Amended Code of Business Conduct and Ethics of The9 Limited (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 11.1 to our annual report on Form 20-F filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 30, 2005) |
|
|
|
12.1*
|
|
CEO Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|
|
|
12.2*
|
|
CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|
|
|
13.1*
|
|
CEO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|
|
|
13.2*
|
|
CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|
|
|
15.1*
|
|
Consent of Maples and Calder |
|
|
|
15.2*
|
|
Consent of PRC Counsel |
|
|
|
15.3*
|
|
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers |
|
|
|
* |
|
Filed with this Form 20-F. |
84
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing its annual
report on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual
report on its behalf.
|
|
|
|
|
|
THE9 LIMITED
|
|
|
By |
/s/
Jun Zhu |
|
|
|
Name: |
Jun Zhu |
|
|
|
Title: |
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
|
|
Date:
June 30, 2008
THE9 LIMITED
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Index
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF THE9 LIMITED:
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and related consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders equity and cash flows
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of The9 Limited (the Company)
and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, and the results of their operations and
their cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company
did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as
of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) because a
material weakness in internal control over financial reporting related to a lack of sufficient and
appropriate knowledge, experience and training in the interpretation and application of various
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America existed as of that date.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over
financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of
the annual financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material
weakness referred to above is described in Managements Report on Internal Control over Financial
Reporting appearing under Item 15. We considered this material weakness in determining the nature,
timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2007 consolidated financial
statements, and our opinion regarding the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over
financial reporting does not affect our opinion on those consolidated financial statements. The
Companys management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective
internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal
control over financial reporting included in managements report referred to above. Our
responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the Companys internal
control over financial reporting based on our audits which was an integrated audit in 2007. We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and
whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material
respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining
an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material
weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal
control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as
we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for our opinions.
As discussed in Note 2<17> to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed
the manner in which it accounts for share-based compensation in 2006.
F-2
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and
procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately
and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial
statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and
expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and
directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have
a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent
or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods
are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or
that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company
Shanghai, the Peoples Republic of China
June 27, 2008
F-3
THE9 LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RMB |
|
|
RMB |
|
|
RMB |
|
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note3) |
|
Revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Online game services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
466,554,760 |
|
|
|
1,027,963,574 |
|
|
|
1,330,977,217 |
|
|
|
182,460,617 |
|
Game operating support, website
solutions and advertisement |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,050,065 |
|
|
|
4,800,019 |
|
|
|
8,544,472 |
|
|
|
1,171,342 |
|
Short message services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,429,315 |
|
|
|
444,196 |
|
|
|
602,705 |
|
|
|
82,623 |
|
Other revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,156,712 |
|
|
|
5,119,990 |
|
|
|
10,005,050 |
|
|
|
1,371,570 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
489,190,852 |
|
|
|
1,038,327,779 |
|
|
|
1,350,129,444 |
|
|
|
185,086,152 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(24,164,182 |
) |
|
|
(52,501,980 |
) |
|
|
(70,522,616 |
) |
|
|
(9,667,784 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
465,026,670 |
|
|
|
985,825,799 |
|
|
|
1,279,606,828 |
|
|
|
175,418,368 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(240,415,737 |
) |
|
|
(524,031,705 |
) |
|
|
(700,046,829 |
) |
|
|
(95,967,816 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
224,610,933 |
|
|
|
461,794,094 |
|
|
|
579,559,999 |
|
|
|
79,450,552 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Product development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(40,642,275 |
) |
|
|
(30,781,632 |
) |
|
|
(41,430,087 |
) |
|
|
(5,679,556 |
) |
Sales and marketing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(61,805,046 |
) |
|
|
(59,574,787 |
) |
|
|
(103,263,236 |
) |
|
|
(14,156,120 |
) |
General and administrative |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(56,721,646 |
) |
|
|
(100,429,543 |
) |
|
|
(180,297,691 |
) |
|
|
(24,716,597 |
) |
Impairment of intangible assets |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
(5,729,338 |
) |
|
|
(853,165 |
) |
|
|
(18,704,416 |
) |
|
|
(2,564,146 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(164,898,305 |
) |
|
|
(191,639,127 |
) |
|
|
(343,695,430 |
) |
|
|
(47,116,419 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Profit from operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
59,712,628 |
|
|
|
270,154,967 |
|
|
|
235,864,569 |
|
|
|
32,334,133 |
|
Interest income, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,021,605 |
|
|
|
9,136,273 |
|
|
|
50,655,699 |
|
|
|
6,944,274 |
|
Other income (expenses), net |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
14,467,150 |
|
|
|
28,416,722 |
|
|
|
(30,053,620 |
) |
|
|
(4,119,982 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income tax (expense)
benefit, gain on investment
disposal, impairment loss on
investments, loss on equity
investments and minority interests |
|
|
|
|
|
|
84,201,383 |
|
|
|
307,707,962 |
|
|
|
256,466,648 |
|
|
|
35,158,425 |
|
Income tax (expense) benefit |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
(168,255 |
) |
|
|
2,669,763 |
|
|
|
(9,268,632 |
) |
|
|
(1,270,616 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before gain on investment
disposal, impairment loss on
investments, loss on equity
investments and minority interests |
|
|
|
|
|
|
84,033,128 |
|
|
|
310,377,725 |
|
|
|
247,198,016 |
|
|
|
33,887,809 |
|
Gain on investment disposal |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
6,715,917 |
|
|
|
23,409,702 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment loss on investments |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(20,401,915 |
) |
|
|
(627,380 |
) |
|
|
(86,006 |
) |
Loss on equity investments, net of
taxes |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
(13,736,790 |
) |
|
|
(908,464 |
) |
|
|
(5,678,682 |
) |
|
|
(778,478 |
) |
Minority interests |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,540,568 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
72,471,687 |
|
|
|
312,477,048 |
|
|
|
240,891,954 |
|
|
|
33,023,325 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Translation adjustments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
73,963 |
|
|
|
(59,346 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gain on
available-for-sale investment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,643,131 |
|
|
|
1,870,306 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
72,545,650 |
|
|
|
312,417,702 |
|
|
|
254,535,085 |
|
|
|
34,893,631 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings per share |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Basic |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.00 |
|
|
|
12.78 |
|
|
|
8.79 |
|
|
|
1.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Diluted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.92 |
|
|
|
12.72 |
|
|
|
8.72 |
|
|
|
1.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares outstanding |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Basic |
|
|
|
|
|
|
24,192,113 |
|
|
|
24,456,507 |
|
|
|
27,406,263 |
|
|
|
27,406,263 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Diluted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
24,804,997 |
|
|
|
24,565,947 |
|
|
|
27,640,626 |
|
|
|
27,640,626 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
THE9 LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
December 31, |
|
December 31, |
|
|
Note |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
|
937,845,817 |
|
|
|
2,215,281,857 |
|
|
|
303,687,914 |
|
Accounts receivable |
|
|
|
|
10,174,484 |
|
|
|
26,654,274 |
|
|
|
3,653,973 |
|
Advances to suppliers |
|
|
|
|
9,036,620 |
|
|
|
8,943,273 |
|
|
|
1,226,013 |
|
Prepayments and other current assets |
|
|
|
|
69,153,131 |
|
|
|
39,064,809 |
|
|
|
5,355,304 |
|
Prepaid royalties |
|
12 |
|
|
27,558,207 |
|
|
|
71,937,382 |
|
|
|
9,861,731 |
|
Deferred costs |
|
12,2<13> |
|
|
33,324,942 |
|
|
|
47,759,013 |
|
|
|
6,547,174 |
|
Deferred tax assets, current |
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,118,345 |
|
|
|
701,662 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets |
|
|
|
|
1,087,093,201 |
|
|
|
2,414,758,953 |
|
|
|
331,033,771 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in equity investees |
|
7 |
|
|
14,542,336 |
|
|
|
18,236,274 |
|
|
|
2,499,969 |
|
Available-for-sale investment |
|
8 |
|
|
15,575,269 |
|
|
|
29,218,400 |
|
|
|
4,005,484 |
|
Property, equipment and software |
|
9 |
|
|
227,512,006 |
|
|
|
344,393,472 |
|
|
|
47,212,112 |
|
Goodwill |
|
6 |
|
|
30,199,751 |
|
|
|
30,199,751 |
|
|
|
4,140,015 |
|
Intangible assets |
|
11 |
|
|
244,271,279 |
|
|
|
277,264,136 |
|
|
|
38,009,505 |
|
Land use right |
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
83,719,665 |
|
|
|
11,476,937 |
|
Prepayment for equipments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,500,000 |
|
|
|
2,536,123 |
|
Long-term deposits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
454,212 |
|
|
|
62,267 |
|
Deferred tax assets, non-current |
|
13 |
|
|
5,391,123 |
|
|
|
29,356,533 |
|
|
|
4,024,420 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
|
|
|
1,624,584,965 |
|
|
|
3,246,101,396 |
|
|
|
445,000,603 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable |
|
|
|
|
12,692,978 |
|
|
|
48,946,062 |
|
|
|
6,709,903 |
|
Due to related parties |
|
19 |
|
|
332,797 |
|
|
|
77,052 |
|
|
|
10,563 |
|
Income tax payable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,329,457 |
|
|
|
319,340 |
|
Other taxes payable |
|
|
|
|
23,589,754 |
|
|
|
55,234,788 |
|
|
|
7,572,011 |
|
Advances from customers |
|
2<13> |
|
|
88,040,975 |
|
|
|
118,156,157 |
|
|
|
16,197,757 |
|
Deferred revenue |
|
2<13> |
|
|
111,302,531 |
|
|
|
166,916,111 |
|
|
|
22,882,147 |
|
Other payables and accruals |
|
14 |
|
|
52,467,643 |
|
|
|
48,351,220 |
|
|
|
6,628,358 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
288,426,678 |
|
|
|
440,010,847 |
|
|
|
60,320,079 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies |
|
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary shares(US$0.01 par value;
100,000,000 shares authorized,
24,688,038 and 28,763,188 shares
issued and outstanding as of December
31, 2006 and 2007, respectively) |
|
|
|
|
2,041,673 |
|
|
|
2,350,463 |
|
|
|
322,220 |
|
Additional paid-in capital |
|
|
|
|
941,786,807 |
|
|
|
2,218,516,672 |
|
|
|
304,131,367 |
|
Statutory reserves |
|
2<22> |
|
|
20,745,422 |
|
|
|
20,745,422 |
|
|
|
2,843,942 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,643,131 |
|
|
|
1,870,306 |
|
Retained earnings |
|
|
|
|
371,584,385 |
|
|
|
550,834,861 |
|
|
|
75,512,689 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders equity |
|
|
|
|
1,336,158,287 |
|
|
|
2,806,090,549 |
|
|
|
384,680,524 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
|
|
|
|
1,624,584,965 |
|
|
|
3,246,101,396 |
|
|
|
445,000,603 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
THE9 LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred |
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary shares |
|
Additional paid-in |
|
stock-based |
|
Statutory |
|
comprehensive |
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders |
|
|
(US$0.01 par value) |
|
capital |
|
compensation |
|
reserves |
|
(loss) income |
|
Retained earnings |
|
equity |
|
|
Number of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
shares |
|
Par value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
|
|
Balance as of
December 31, 2004 |
|
|
24,186,250 |
|
|
|
2,001,781 |
|
|
|
855,797,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
54,172 |
|
|
|
(14,617 |
) |
|
|
7,326,900 |
|
|
|
865,165,236 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
72,471,687 |
|
|
|
72,471,687 |
|
Cumulative
translation
adjustment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
73,963 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
73,963 |
|
Issuance of
ordinary shares
from stock option
exercise |
|
|
27,880 |
|
|
|
2,252 |
|
|
|
3,829,387 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,831,639 |
|
Options granted to
9Webzens employees |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
372,981 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
372,981 |
|
Employee share
based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
214,974 |
|
|
|
(214,974 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of
deferred
stock-based
compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
69,110 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
69,110 |
|
|
|
|
Balance as of
December 31, 2005 |
|
|
24,214,130 |
|
|
|
2,004,033 |
|
|
|
860,214,342 |
|
|
|
(145,864 |
) |
|
|
54,172 |
|
|
|
59,346 |
|
|
|
79,798,587 |
|
|
|
941,984,616 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
312,477,048 |
|
|
|
312,477,048 |
|
Appropriations to
statutory reserves |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,691,250 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(20,691,250 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Cumulative
translation
adjustment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(59,346 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(59,346 |
) |
Adoption of SFAS
123R (Note 2<17>) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(145,864 |
) |
|
|
145,864 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of
ordinary shares
from stock option
exercise (Note 18) |
|
|
473,908 |
|
|
|
37,640 |
|
|
|
63,978,786 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
64,016,426 |
|
Employee share
based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,739,543 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,739,543 |
|
|
|
|
Balance as of
December 31, 2006 |
|
|
24,688,038 |
|
|
|
2,041,673 |
|
|
|
941,786,807 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,745,422 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
371,584,385 |
|
|
|
1,336,158,287 |
|
|
|
|
F-6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary shares |
|
|
Additional paid-in |
|
|
stock-based |
|
|
Statutory |
|
|
comprehensive |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders |
|
|
|
(US$0.01 par value) |
|
|
capital |
|
|
compensation |
|
|
reserves |
|
|
income |
|
|
Retained earnings |
|
|
equity |
|
|
|
Number of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
shares |
|
Par value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RMB |
|
|
RMB |
|
|
RMB |
|
|
RMB |
|
|
RMB |
|
|
RMB |
|
|
RMB |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
240,891,954 |
|
|
|
240,891,954 |
|
Issuance of
ordinary shares to
Electronic Arts
Inc. (EA) (Note 16) |
|
|
4,506,829 |
|
|
|
344,944 |
|
|
|
1,251,501,403 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,251,846,347 |
|
Issuance of
ordinary shares
from stock option
exercise |
|
|
179,436 |
|
|
|
13,785 |
|
|
|
24,136,264 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24,150,049 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase and
retirement of ADSs
(Note 15) |
|
|
(611,115 |
) |
|
|
(49,939 |
) |
|
|
(45,635,968 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(61,641,478 |
) |
|
|
(107,327,385 |
) |
Employee share
based compensation
(Note 18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,728,166 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,728,166 |
|
Unrealized gain on
available-for-sale
investment (Note 8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,643,131 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,643,131 |
|
|
|
|
Balance as of
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
28,763,188 |
|
|
|
2,350,463 |
|
|
|
2,218,516,672 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,745,422 |
|
|
|
13,643,131 |
|
|
|
550,834,861 |
|
|
|
2,806,090,549 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of
December 31, 2007
(US$ except for number of shares, unaudited,
Note 3) |
|
|
28,763,188 |
|
|
|
322,220 |
|
|
|
304,131,367 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,843,942 |
|
|
|
1,870,306 |
|
|
|
75,512,689 |
|
|
|
384,680,524 |
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-7
THE9 LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note |
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
72,471,687 |
|
|
|
312,477,048 |
|
|
|
240,891,954 |
|
|
|
33,023,325 |
|
Adjustments for: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(437,755 |
) |
|
|
(3,286,659 |
) |
|
|
(29,083,755 |
) |
|
|
(3,987,025 |
) |
(Gain) loss on disposal of property and
equipment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(38,280 |
) |
|
|
119,534 |
|
|
|
(275 |
) |
|
|
(38 |
) |
Gain on disposal of investment |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
(6,715,917 |
) |
|
|
(23,409,702 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment of intangible asset |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
5,729,338 |
|
|
|
853,164 |
|
|
|
18,704,416 |
|
|
|
2,564,146 |
|
Impairment on investment |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,401,915 |
|
|
|
627,380 |
|
|
|
86,006 |
|
Depreciation and amortization of
property, equipment and software |
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
39,463,381 |
|
|
|
76,158,886 |
|
|
|
122,658,272 |
|
|
|
16,814,942 |
|
Amortization of land use right |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,440,684 |
|
|
|
197,500 |
|
Amortization of intangible assets |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
33,792,069 |
|
|
|
90,286,523 |
|
|
|
87,865,492 |
|
|
|
12,045,279 |
|
Loss on equity investments, net of taxes |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
49,378,930 |
|
|
|
908,464 |
|
|
|
5,678,682 |
|
|
|
778,478 |
|
Minority interests |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,540,568 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-cash interest expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,057,996 |
|
|
|
803,605 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange loss |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
9,719,514 |
|
|
|
2,480,729 |
|
|
|
51,039,667 |
|
|
|
6,996,911 |
|
Non-cash share-based compensation |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
69,110 |
|
|
|
17,739,543 |
|
|
|
46,728,166 |
|
|
|
6,405,857 |
|
Change in accounts receivable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,092,213 |
|
|
|
419,382 |
|
|
|
(12,029,785 |
) |
|
|
(1,649,136 |
) |
Change in advances to suppliers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,530,002 |
) |
|
|
637,141 |
|
|
|
924,191 |
|
|
|
126,695 |
|
Change in prepayments and other current
assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,756,493 |
|
|
|
(421,071 |
) |
|
|
(14,820,065 |
) |
|
|
(2,031,649 |
) |
Change in prepaid royalties |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(43,013,672 |
) |
|
|
15,437,739 |
|
|
|
(44,379,175 |
) |
|
|
(6,083,839 |
) |
Change in deferred costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(24,075,214 |
) |
|
|
(9,249,728 |
) |
|
|
(14,434,071 |
) |
|
|
(1,978,734 |
) |
Change in long-term deposits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,817,872 |
) |
|
|
3,132,338 |
|
|
|
(454,212 |
) |
|
|
(62,267 |
) |
Change in accounts payable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,488,462 |
|
|
|
(4,773,853 |
) |
|
|
38,986,999 |
|
|
|
5,344,639 |
|
Change in due to related parties |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(123,510,090 |
) |
|
|
(429,690 |
) |
|
|
(255,745 |
) |
|
|
(35,059 |
) |
Change in income tax payable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(607,560 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,329,457 |
|
|
|
319,340 |
|
Change in other taxes payable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,823,675 |
|
|
|
15,466,398 |
|
|
|
31,645,034 |
|
|
|
4,338,145 |
|
Change in advances from customers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
60,162,789 |
|
|
|
26,389,708 |
|
|
|
30,115,182 |
|
|
|
4,128,421 |
|
Change in deferred revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
74,292,656 |
|
|
|
34,787,591 |
|
|
|
55,613,580 |
|
|
|
7,623,938 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in other payables and accruals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,448,761 |
|
|
|
21,981,757 |
|
|
|
(3,195,793 |
) |
|
|
(438,104 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
184,541,280 |
|
|
|
598,910,762 |
|
|
|
616,596,280 |
|
|
|
84,527,771 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for acquisition of C9I minority
interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(209,857,681 |
) |
|
|
(80,025,757 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for investments in equity
investees |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(41,794,726 |
) |
|
|
(7,978,454 |
) |
|
|
(10,000,000 |
) |
|
|
(1,370,877 |
) |
Proceeds from investment disposal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,193,050 |
|
|
|
7,900,977 |
|
|
|
38,691,099 |
|
|
|
5,304,074 |
|
Proceeds
from disposal of property and
equipment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
94,887 |
|
|
|
48,452 |
|
|
|
8,415 |
|
|
|
1,154 |
|
Purchase of property, equipment and
software |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(242,725,812 |
) |
|
|
(78,396,860 |
) |
|
|
(269,214,504 |
) |
|
|
(36,906,000 |
) |
Purchase of land use right |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(85,160,349 |
) |
|
|
(11,674,437 |
) |
Purchase of intangible assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(11,561,284 |
) |
|
|
(46,375,740 |
) |
|
|
(135,910,465 |
) |
|
|
(18,631,654 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(483,651,566 |
) |
|
|
(204,827,382 |
) |
|
|
(461,585,804 |
) |
|
|
(63,277,740 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from stock option exercise |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,831,639 |
|
|
|
58,040,116 |
|
|
|
30,126,359 |
|
|
|
4,129,954 |
|
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares
to EA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,251,846,347 |
|
|
|
171,612,747 |
|
Repurchase of ADSs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(107,327,385 |
) |
|
|
(14,713,265 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,831,639 |
|
|
|
58,040,116 |
|
|
|
1,174,645,321 |
|
|
|
161,029,436 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on
cash |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(9,881,974 |
) |
|
|
(2,522,346 |
) |
|
|
(52,219,757 |
) |
|
|
(7,158,687 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash
equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(305,160,621 |
) |
|
|
449,601,150 |
|
|
|
1,277,436,040 |
|
|
|
175,120,780 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of
year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
793,405,288 |
|
|
|
488,244,667 |
|
|
|
937,845,817 |
|
|
|
128,567,134 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
488,244,667 |
|
|
|
937,845,817 |
|
|
|
2,215,281,857 |
|
|
|
303,687,914 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note |
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 3) |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow
information: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid during the year for income tax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
607,560 |
|
|
|
616,896 |
|
|
|
36,739,365 |
|
|
|
5,036,515 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash
investing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accrual related to purchase of
property, equipment and software |
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,062,091 |
|
|
|
7,451,744 |
|
|
|
1,615,962 |
|
|
|
221,529 |
|
Accrual related to the purchase of
intangible assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,652,300 |
|
|
|
500,685 |
|
Conversion of loan receivable to
investment in affiliated companies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,917,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Settlement of loan receivable upon the
acquisition of minority interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
38,386,260 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash
financing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receivable from stock option exercise |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,976,310 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-9
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
1. ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of The9
Limited (the Company), which was incorporated on December 22, 1999 in the Cayman Islands, its
certain subsidiaries and certain variable interest entities (VIE subsidiaries) as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date of |
|
|
|
|
|
Interest held |
Name of entity |
|
incorporation |
|
Relationship |
|
Direct |
|
Indirect |
|
GameNow.net (Hong Kong) Limited (GameNow
Hong Kong) |
|
January 2000 |
|
Subsidiary |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
City GameNet Limited (City GameNet) |
|
January 2000 |
|
Subsidiary |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
The9 Computer Technology Consulting
(Shanghai) Co., Limited. (The9 Computer) |
|
June 2000 |
|
Subsidiary |
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
% |
China The9 Interactive Limited (C9I) |
|
October 2003 |
|
Subsidiary |
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
% |
Spring Asia Limited(Spring Asia) |
|
June 2004 |
|
Subsidiary * |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
China The9 Interactive (Shanghai) Co.,
Limited (C9I Shanghai) |
|
February 2005 |
|
Subsidiary |
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
% |
Shanghai The9 Information Technology Co.,
Limited. (Shanghai IT) |
|
September 2000 |
|
VIE subsidiary |
|
None (Note 2<2>) |
Shanghai Jiucheng Advertisement Co., Limited. (Shanghai Advertisement) |
|
September 2001 |
|
VIE subsidiary |
|
None (Note 2<2>) |
Shanghai Jiucheng Advertisement Co.,
Limited. (Shanghai Jiucheng
Advertisement) |
|
April 2007 |
|
VIE subsidiary |
|
None (Note 2<2>) |
Well City Limited |
|
November 2005 |
|
Subsidiary |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Global Star International Development
Limited (Global Star) |
|
March 2006 |
|
Subsidiary |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
City Rise Investments Limited (City Rise) |
|
January 2006 |
|
Subsidiary |
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
% |
Jiu Chuang Information
Technology(Beijing), Co., Limited (C9I
Beijing) |
|
March 2007 |
|
Subsidiary |
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
% |
Jiu Jing Information Technology
(Beijing),Co., Limited (Jiu Jing) |
|
April 2007 |
|
Subsidiary |
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
* |
|
Spring Asia Limited was disposed to a third party in December 2006 (note 19). |
F-10
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
The Company changed its name from GameNow.net Limited to The9 Limited effective February 9,
2004.
The Company, its subsidiaries and VIE subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the
Group.
The Group is principally engaged in the development and operation of online games, and
Internet and website related businesses in the Peoples Republic of China (the PRC).
On February 3, 2004, Vivendi Universal Games granted C9I an exclusive license to localize and
promote World of Warcraft (WoW), a 3D fantasy massively multiplayer online role-playing game
(MMORPG) in China. The license is non-assignable, non-sublicensable and non-transferable.
Vivendi Universal Games (VUG) retains ownership of all its intellectual property rights,
including those relating to the localized WoW. The WoW game was commercially launched on June 7,
2005.
Pursuant to the license agreement, C9I paid a non-refundable license fee of US$3.0 million
upon execution of the license agreement. In addition, C9I shall pay royalties to Vivendi equal to
22% of the face value of prepaid cards and prepaid online points actually sold and 37.7% or 39% of
the face value of CD-key. C9I agreed to pay recoupable advances against royalties in a total amount
of approximately US$51.3 million. This US$51.3 million recoupable advances consists of quarterly
amounts ranging from US$1.6 million to US$3.7 million over a four-year period commencing from the
commercial launch. As security for each advance payment, C9I will procure a standby letter of
credit or other suitable form of bank guarantee prior to each relevant period. In addition, C9I
agreed to commit no less than US$13 million (approximately RMB94.83million) for the marketing and
promotion of WoW during the license term.
The license term commences on the date of the license agreement and expires on June 6, 2009,
the fourth anniversary of the date of the commercial launch of the localized WoW.
In January 2007, C9I entered into an amendment to the original license and distribution
agreement with Vivendi Games, Inc. and Blizzard Entertainment Inc., to rollout The Burning Crusade,
the expansion pack for WoW. C9I is the exclusive operator of
WoW in mainland China pursuant to the agreement entered into between Vivendi Games, Inc. and C9I in
February 2004 Accordingly, the Group committed to incur marketing expenses on WoW amounting to 5%
WoWs gross sales for the period from January 1, 2007 to June 9, 2009.
In September 2006, the Group commercially launched its first proprietary MMORPG, Joyful
Journey West (JJW). In 2007, the Group also commercially launched two additional MMORPGs, Soul
of the Ultimate Nation (SUN) and Granado Espada (GE).
Beginning October 2002, and prior to the operation of WoW, the Group, through its investment
in an affiliated company, 9Webzen Limited (9Webzen Hong Kong) (Note 7.1<1>), was
principally engaged in the development and operation of an online game, MU.
In December 2005, the Group entered into an agreement with Webzen Inc. to sell a 21% interest
in 9Webzen Hong Kong to Webzen Inc. After the completion of the
F-11
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
transaction, the Groups equity
interest in 9Webzen Hong Kong was reduced from 51% to 30% (Note 7.1<1>).
2. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
<1> Basis of presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (US GAAP). Significant
accounting policies followed by the Company in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated
financial statements are summarized below.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the accompanying financial
statements and related disclosures. Although these estimates are based on managements best
knowledge of current events and actions that the Company may take in the future, actual results
could differ from these estimates.
<2> Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its
subsidiaries and VIE subsidiaries for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All
transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries and VIE subsidiaries have been
eliminated upon consolidation.
The Group adopts Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation No.
46Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of ARB No. 51, as amended,
(FIN 46R). FIN 46R requires certain variable interest entities to be consolidated by the primary
beneficiary of the entity if the equity investors in the entity do not have the characteristics of
a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to
finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.
Shanghai IT is a variable interest entity owned by the Companys executive officers and
shareholders. Shanghai Advertisement was established by Shanghai IT and one of Companys executive
officers. Shanghai Jiucheng Advertisement was established by Shanghai IT in April 2007. The
Company does not have any ownership interest in Shanghai IT, Shanghai Advertisement or Shanghai
Jiucheng Advertisement. The Company is incorporated in the Cayman Islands and is considered a
foreign entity under the PRC laws. Due to the restrictions on foreign ownership on the provision
of online games, the Company, through loans to its executive officers and shareholders,
established Shanghai IT to hold the necessary licenses for the Groups operations. Pursuant
to various agreements entered into between the Company or its wholly owned subsidiaries and
Shanghai IT, the Company generally has economic control in Shanghai
IT, Shanghai Advertisement and
Shanghai Jiucheng Advertisement and is considered the primary beneficiary of all these entities.
Accordingly, the financial positions and results of Shanghai IT, Shanghai Advertisement and
Shanghai Jiucheng Advertisement are consolidated in the financial statements of the Company.
Shanghai Advertisement has been liquidated as of December 31, 2007.
F-12
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
The Company accounts for investments over which the Group has significant influence but not
control, generally accompanying a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights, under
the equity method of accounting (Note 7.1).
<3> Use of estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affected the reported amount of the assets and
liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. Actual results may
differ from those estimates.
<4> Foreign currency translation
The Groups reporting and functional currency is the Renminbi (RMB). Transactions
denominated in currencies other than RMB, i.e., foreign currencies, are translated into RMB at the
exchange rates quoted by the Peoples Bank of China (the PBOC) prevailing at the dates of the
transactions. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in the
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. Monetary assets and liabilities
denominated in foreign currencies are translated into RMB using the applicable exchange rates
quoted by the PBOC at the balance sheet dates. All such exchange gains and losses are included in
the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
<5> Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents represent cash on hand and highly-liquid investments with an
original maturity date of three months or less. At December 31, 2006 and 2007, cash equivalents
were comprised primarily of bank deposits. Included in cash and cash equivalents
as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 are amounts denominated in US Dollars totalling US$13,353,786 and
US$112,534,463, respectively.
<6> Property, equipment and software
Property, equipment and software are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and
amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the
following estimated useful lives:
|
|
|
Leasehold improvements
|
|
Respective term of the leases or the estimated useful
lives of the leasehold improvements |
Computer and equipment
|
|
3 to 4 years |
Software
|
|
5 years |
Office furniture and fixtures
|
|
3 years |
Motor vehicles
|
|
5 years |
Office buildings
|
|
10 to 20 years |
Before
July 2007, the servers used for WoW are depreciated over the
shorter of their estimated useful
lives or WoWs remaining license period; while other servers are depreciated over a period of 3 to 5
years. In the third quarter of 2007, considering the nature of the assets, server specifications of
games to be launched and industry practice, the depreciation lives of all the servers were changed
to a consistent period of four years.
F-13
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
This is accounted for prospectively from July 1, 2007 as a change in accounting estimate. As
a result, the depreciation charge relating to this change in year 2007 is to decrease
depreciation expense by approximately RMB25.9 million, to increase profit from operations and net
income by RMB25.9 million and RMB22.0 million, respectively, and to increase both basic and
diluted EPS by RMB0.8.
<7> Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable
assets and liabilities acquired as a result of the Groups acquisition of interests in its
subsidiary. The Group adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142
"Goodwill and Intangible Assets (SFAS 142). Under SFAS 142, goodwill is no longer amortized, but
tested for impairment upon first adoption and annually thereafter, or more frequently if events or
changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired. The Group assesses goodwill for
impairment in accordance with SFAS 142. In December of each year, the Group tests impairment of
goodwill at the reporting unit level and recognizes impairment in the event that the carrying value
exceeds the fair value of each reporting unit.
<8> Intangible assets
Intangible assets consist primarily of intangible assets from business combination and upfront
licensing fees.
The Group applies the criteria specified in SFAS No. 141 Business Combination (SFAS 141)
to determine whether an intangible asset should be recognized separately from goodwill. Intangible
assets acquired through business acquisitions are recognized as assets separate from goodwill if
they satisfy either the contractual-legal or separability criterion. Intangible assets with
definite lives are amortized over their estimated useful life and reviewed for impairment in
accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 144. Accounting for the Impairment
or Disposal of Long-lived Assets (SFAS 144). Intangible assets, such as purchased technology,
licenses, domain names, partnership, and non-compete agreements, arising from the acquisitions of
subsidiaries and variable interest entities are recognized and measured at fair value upon
acquisition. Intangible assets from such business combination transactions are amortized over the
remaining licensing term of the WoW game of approximately four years (Note 6).
Upfront licensing fees paid to licensors are recognized as intangible assets if the game
software has reached technological feasibility when such payments are made. Technological
feasibility is established upon completion of a working model. Upfront licensing fees are amortized
on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the useful economic life of the relevant online game
or license period, which range from 2 to 4
years. Amortization of upfront licensing fees commences upon the commercial launch of the
related online game.
<9> Equity investments
Equity investments are comprised of investments in privately held companies. The Company
accounts for an equity investment over which it has significantly influence but does not own a
majority equity interest or otherwise control using the equity method.
F-14
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
For equity investments over
which the Company does not have significant influence, the cost method accounting is used.
The Company assesses its equity investments for other-than-temporary impairment by considering
factors as well as all relevant and available information including, but not limited to,
current economic and market conditions, the operating performance of the companies including
current earnings trends and other company-specific information including recent financing rounds.
Impairment provision relating to investment in equity investees of RMB20.4 million and RMB0.6
million (US$0.09 million) were recognized in 2006 and 2007, respectively (Note 7.1).
<10> Available-for-sale investment
Investments in debt and equity securities are, on initial recognition, classified into the
three categories: held-to-maturity securities, trading securities and available-for-sale
securities. Debt securities that the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to
maturity are classified as held-to-maturity securities and reported at amortized cost. Debt and
equity securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near
term are classified as trading securities and reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and
losses included in earnings. Debt and equity securities not classified as either held-to-maturity
securities or trading securities are classified as available-for-sale securities and reported at
fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in equity.
<11> Impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets
Long-lived assets and intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes
in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Group
assesses the recoverability of the long-lived assets and intangible assets (other than goodwill) by
comparing the carrying amount to the estimated future undiscounted cash flow associated with the
related assets. The Group recognizes impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets in the
event that the net book value of such assets exceeds the estimated future undiscounted cash flow
attributed to such assets. The Group uses estimates and judgments in its impairment tests and if
different estimates or judgments are utilized, the timing or the amount of the impairment
charges could be different. Impairment provisions relating to intangible assets amounting RMB0.9
million and RMB18.7 million (US$2.6 million) were recognized in 2006 and 2007, respectively (Note
11).
F-15
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
<12>Revenue recognition
Online game services
The Group earns revenue from sales of its prepaid game cards and prepaid online points for
its online game products sold to distributors who in turn ultimately sell them to end customers.
There are two consumption models for our online game services.
Time consumption model
Both prepaid cards and prepaid online points provide customers with a pre-specified length of
game playing time within a specified period of time. All prepaid fees received from distributors
are initially recognized as advances from customers. Prepaid fees are recognized as deferred
revenue upon the customers online registration and activation of their cards or online points,
and then recognized as revenue based upon the actual usage of the game playing time by end
customers or when the likelihood that it would provide further online game service to those
customers is remote.
Virtual item/service consumption model
Players can access certain games free of charges but may use game points for in-game premium
features. The distribution of points to end users is typically made by sales of prepaid game cards
and prepaid online points. Fees of prepaid game cards and prepaid online points are deferred when
received. Revenue is recognized over the life of the premium features or as the premium features
are consumed.
Future usage patterns may differ from the historical usage patterns on which the virtual
item/service consumption revenue recognition model is based. The Group will continue to monitor
the operational statistics and usage patterns.
Game operating support, website solutions and advertisement
Beginning in January 2004, the Group entered into a master agreement with 9Webzen Shanghai to
share the revenue generated by the operation of MU (Note 1). Pursuant to the master agreement, the
Group recognized its portion of revenue from sales of MU prepaid cards and online points initially
as advances from customers. Prepaid fees are recognized as deferred revenue upon the customers
online registration and activation of their cards or online points, and then recognized as revenue
based upon the actual usage of game playing time by end customers, when the end customers are no
longer entitled to access the 9Webzen Groups online game products, or when the likelihood that it
would provide further online game service to those customers is remote. These revenues are
recognized when delivery of the services has been rendered and the collection of the related fees
is reasonably assured.
Other game operating support, website solutions and advertisement revenue include revenues
generated from providing technical support services, including website development and
construction, hardware and software support, staff training, maintenance and website
advertisements, to other customers. These revenues are recognized when delivery of the website
advertisement has occurred or when services have been rendered and the collection of the related
fees is reasonably assured.
F-16
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
Short message services
The Group contracts with various subsidiaries and affiliates of China Mobile Communication
Corporation and China United Telecommunications Corporation (collectively the Mobile Operators)
for the transmission of wireless short messaging services (SMS). Revenue is recognized in the
period in which services are performed, provided that no significant company obligation remains,
collection of receivables is reasonably assured and the amount can be accurately estimated. The
Group measures its revenues based on the total gross amount paid by its customers, for which the
Mobile Operators bill and collect on the Groups behalf. For these billing and collection
services, the Mobile Operators retain a fixed percentage fee, which is reflected as a cost of
services in the financial statements. In addition, the Mobile Operators charge the Group a
network usage fee based on a fixed per message fee multiplied by the excess of messages sent over
messages received. These network usage fees are likewise retained by the Mobile Operators, and
are reflected as a cost of services in the financial statements. Network usage fees charged to
the Group are reduced for messages received by the Group because the Mobile Operators separately
charge the sender a fee for these transmissions. The Group has assessed its relationship with the
Mobile Operators and the terms of the fee arrangement under Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF)
No.99-19, Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principle versus Net as an Agent and has concluded that
reporting the gross amounts billed to its customers is appropriate as the group is the primary
obligor to the users with respect to the SMS.
Other revenues
Other revenues mainly represent sales of certain online game related software packages and
accessory merchandises, and licensing revenue from the Groups self-developed game. Revenue is
recognized when the products and services are delivered and the collection of the related fees is
reasonably assured. Licensing revenue is recognized over the license period.
Sales tax
The Group is subject to sales tax at a rate of 5% and related surcharges on revenues earned
for online game, game operating support, website solution and advertisement services provided in
the PRC. Sales tax and related charges for revenues earned from the sale of online points are
recognized as sales tax in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income and
are deducted from gross revenues to arrive at net revenues. In addition, The9 computer, C9I
Shanghai and C9I Beijing pay sales tax at a rate of 5% and related surcharges on the gross revenue
derived from its contractual arrangements with Shanghai IT, and these taxes are primarily recorded
in operating expenses in accordance with our accounting policy.
<13>Advances from customers, deferred revenue and deferred costs
Online points that have been sold but not activated are recognized as advances from
customers. Online points that have been activated but for which online game services will be
rendered in the future are recognized as deferred revenue. Deferred revenue is recognized as
income based upon the actual usage of the playing time by end customers when the likelihood that
the Group would provide further online game
F-17
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
service to those customers is remote. Direct service costs related to deferred revenue and
advances from customers are also deferred. The deferred service costs are recognized in the
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income in the period in which the related
online games prepaid fees are recognized as revenue.
As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, deferred revenue of RMB110,103,769 and RMB156,374,469
(US$21,437,018), deferred costs of RMB33,305,055 and RMB45,624,987 (US$6,254,625), respectively,
related to the operation of WoW.
<14>Cost of services
Cost of services consists primarily of online game royalties, payroll, depreciation,
maintenance and rental of operation places, computer equipment and amortization of software,
production costs for prepaid game cards, intangible assets amortisation and other overhead
expenses directly attributable to the services discussed in
Note 2 <12>.
<15>Product development
The Group recognizes software development costs for development of software, including online
games, to be sold or marketed to customers in accordance with SFAS No. 86, Accounting for Costs
of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed (SFAS 86). As such, the Group
expenses software development costs incurred prior to technological feasibility. Once a software
product has reached technological feasibility, all subsequent software costs for that product are
capitalized until that product is released for marketing. After an online game is released, the
capitalized product development costs are amortized over the estimated product life.
The Group recognizes website and internally used software development costs in accordance
with Statement of Position (SOP) No. 98-1, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software
Developed or Obtained for Internal Use, and EITF No. 00-02, Accounting for Website Development
Costs, where applicable. As such, the Group expenses all costs that are incurred in connection
with the planning and implementation phases of development and costs that are associated with
repair or maintenance of the existing websites and software. Costs incurred in the development
phase are capitalized and amortized over the estimated product life. Since the inception of the
Group, the amount of costs qualifying for capitalization has been immaterial and, as a result, all
website and internally used software development costs have been expensed as incurred.
Product development costs consist primarily of outsourced research and development expenses,
payroll, depreciation charge and other overhead expenses for the development of online games.
Other overhead product development costs include costs incurred by the Group to develop, maintain,
monitor, and manage its websites.
<16>Sales and marketing costs
Sales and marketing costs consist primarily of costs of advertising and promotional expenses,
payroll and other overhead expenses incurred by the Groups sales and marketing personnel.
Advertising expenses in the amount of RMB27,259,755, RMB13,140,478 and RMB41,507,255 for the years
ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively, were expensed as incurred.
F-18
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
<17>Share-based compensation
Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted FASB Statement No.123 (revised 2004),
Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123R), which revises FASB Statement No.123, Accounting-Based
Compensation (SFAS 123) and supersedes Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No.25,
Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25). Under the fair value recognition provisions
of SFAS 123R, the Company is required to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange
for stock-based compensation measured at the grant date fair value of the award. The Company
recognizes the compensation costs, net of the estimated forfeiture, on a straight-line basis over
the vesting period of the award, which generally ranges from 2 to 4 years. In March 2005, the
Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No.107 (SAB 107) relating to
SFAS 123R. The Company has applied the provisions of SAB 107 in its adoption of SFAS 123R.
The Company elected the modified prospective method and therefore has not restated results for
prior periods. The valuation provisions of SFAS 123R apply to new grants and grants that were not
yet vested as of the effective date of SFAS 123R. Estimated compensation for grants that were
outstanding as of the effective date are recognized over the remaining service period using the
compensation cost estimated for the SFAS 123 pro forma disclosures.
SFAS 123R requires that deferred share-based compensation on the consolidated balance sheet on
the date of adoption be applied against additional paid-in capital which amounted to RMB145,864 as
at January 1, 2006.
SFAS 123R requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised in subsequent
periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Compensation cost estimated in
accordance with the SFAS 123 pro forma disclosures accounted for forfeitures as they occur.
Prior to 2006, the Company accounted for share-based compensation arrangements with employees
in accordance with APB 25, and complies with the disclosure provisions of SFAS 123. In general,
compensation cost under APB 25 is recognized based on the difference, if any, between the estimated
fair value of the Companys ordinary shares and the amount an employee is required to pay to
acquire the ordinary shares, as determined on the date the option is granted. Compensation cost,
if any, is recorded in shareholders equity as additional paid-in capital with an offsetting entry
recorded to deferred share-based compensation. Deferred share-based compensation is amortized and
charged to expense based on the vesting terms of the underlying options.
If the compensation cost for the Companys share-based compensation plan with its employees
had been determined based on the estimated fair value on the grant dates for the share option
awards as prescribed by SFAS 123, the Companys net income and earnings per share would have
resulted in the pro forma amounts for the year ended December 31, 2005 as disclosed below:
F-19
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year |
|
|
ended |
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
|
RMB |
|
|
|
|
|
Net income attributable to ordinary shareholders as reported |
|
|
72,471,687 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Add: share-based compensation expense under APB No. 25 |
|
|
69,110 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: share-based compensation expense under SFAS 123 |
|
|
(16,799,570 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma net income attributable to ordinary shareholders |
|
|
55,741,227 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic earnings per share |
|
|
|
|
As reported |
|
|
3.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma |
|
|
2.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted earnings per share |
|
|
|
|
As reported |
|
|
2.92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma |
|
|
2.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The effects of applying SFAS 123 methodologies in this pro forma disclosure are not indicative
of future earnings or earnings per share.
The fair value of the share option under SFAS 123 and SFAS 123R were measured on the
respective grant dates based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following
assumptions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year |
|
|
For the year |
|
|
For the year |
|
|
|
ended |
|
|
ended |
|
|
ended |
|
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Risk-free interest rate |
|
|
4.5 |
% |
|
|
4.55 |
% |
|
|
4.52%-4.88 |
% |
Expected life (years) |
|
|
2.67 |
|
|
|
2.71 |
|
|
|
2.42-3.33 |
|
Expected dividend yield |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Volatility |
|
|
55 |
% |
|
|
55 |
% |
|
|
50 |
% |
Fair value of options
at grant date |
|
US$ |
6.30 |
|
|
US$ |
7.78 |
|
|
US$ |
11.71-US$18.15 |
|
Under SFAS 123R, expected life represents the period of time that stock-based awards granted
are expected to be outstanding. The expected term of options granted is determined based on
historical data on employee exercise and post-vesting employment termination behavior or
simplified method for stock option awards with the characteristics of plain vanilla option
according to SAB 107 for both 2006 and 2007. Expected volatilities are based on historical
volatilities of the Companys ordinary shares and with consideration of historical volatilities of
comparable companies. Risk-free interest rate is based on US government bonds issued with maturity
terms similar to the expected term of the stock-based awards. The Company does not anticipate
paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The Company recognizes compensation expense on
all share-based awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is
generally a 2-4 year vesting period. Forfeiture rate is estimated based on historical forfeiture
patterns and adjusted to reflect future change in
F-20
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
circumstances and facts, if any. If actual forfeitures differ from those estimates, the
estimates may need to be revised in subsequent periods. The Company uses historical data to
estimate pre-vesting option forfeitures and record stock-based compensation expense only for those
awards that are expected to vest.
<18>Leases
Leases for which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of assets remain with
the leasing company are accounted for as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases
net of any incentives received by the Company from the leasing company are charged to the
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income on a straight-line basis over the
lease periods.
<19>Taxation
The Group accounts for income taxes under the provisions of SFAS No. 109, Accounting for
Income Taxes. Under SFAS No. 109, income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability
method. Deferred taxes are determined based upon differences between the financial reporting and
tax bases of assets and liabilities at currently enacted statutory tax rates for the years in
which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax
rates is recognized in income in the period of change.
A valuation allowance is provided on deferred tax assets to the extent that it is more likely
than not that such deferred tax assets will not be realized. The total income tax provision
includes current tax expenses under applicable tax regulations and the change in the balance of
deferred tax assets and liabilities.
Effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for
Uncertainty in Income Taxes an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48). FIN 48
clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the Companys financial
statements in accordance with FASB Statement 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, and prescribes a
more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax
position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This Interpretation also provides guidance
on derecognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred
income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax
positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods, and income tax disclosures.
The Company did not have any adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of
January 1, 2007 as a result of the implementation of FIN 48. As of December 31, 2007, the Company
did not have any material liability for uncertain tax positions. The Companys policy is to
recognize, if any, tax related interest as interest expenses and penalties as general and
administrative expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company did not have any
interest and penalties associated with tax positions.
<20>Employee benefits
Full-time employees of the Group are entitled to staff welfare benefits including medical
care, welfare subsidies, unemployment insurance and pension benefits through a PRC
government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan. The Group is required to accrue for
these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees
F-21
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
salaries. The Group is required to make contributions to the plans out of the amounts
accrued. The Chinese government is responsible for the medical benefits and the pension liability
to be paid to these employees and the Companys obligations are limited to the amounts
contributed.
<21>Repurchase of shares
When the Companys shares are retired, or purchased for constructive retirement (with or
without an intention to retire the stock formally in accordance with applicable laws), an excess of
purchase price over par or stated value is allocated between additional paid-in capital and
retained earnings.
As of December 31, 2007, approximately 0.6 million of outstanding ADSs were repurchased for
full retirement with a total consideration of US$14.6 million. Additional paid-in capital and
retained earnings was reduced by US$6.2 million and US$8.4 million, respectively.
<22>Statutory reserves
In accordance with the regulations in the PRC and their respective articles of association,
The9 Computer, C9I Shanghai, C9I Beijing, Jiu Jing (as foreign invested enterprises) and the
Companys VIE subsidiaries (as domestic companies incorporated in the PRC) are required to make an
appropriation of retained earnings equal to at least 10% of their respective after-tax profits,
calculated in accordance with the PRC accounting standards and regulations. Appropriations are
classified in the consolidated balance sheet as statutory reserves
and are recorded upon the board resolution on the appropriations.
Appropriations to these reserves are not required after these reserves have reached 50% of the
registered capitals of the respective companies.
In addition, at the discretion of the respective boards of directors: (1) The9 Computer, C9I
Shanghai, C9I Beijing and Jiu Jing may allocate a portion of their after-tax profit to the
enterprise expansion fund or staff welfare and bonus reserve, and (2) the above VIE subsidiaries
may allocate a portion of their respective after-tax profits to discretionary surplus reserve. The
use of staff welfare and bonus reserve is restricted to employee welfare benefits and is not
available for distribution to equity owners except in liquidation. Appropriations to the staff
welfare and bonus reserve are charged to income as general and administrative expense, and any
unutilised balance is included in current liabilities.
These statutory reserves are not transferable to the Company in the form of dividends,
advances, or loans. There are no legal requirements in the PRC to fund these reserves by transfer
of cash to any restricted accounts, and the Group does not do so.
In
March 2006, RMB20,691,250 reserve fund has been made for C9I
Shanghai upon the board resolutions.
In May 2008, the Board of Directors of C9I Beijing approved the appropriation of statutory
reserve at total amount of RMB 3,836,475.
In June 2008, the Board of
Directors of Shanghai Jiucheng Advertisement approved the
appropriation of statutory reserves of RMB254,457.
As
of December 31, 2007, the Board has not made resolution to make
appropriations of after-tax profit for our PRC subsidiaries and VIE
subsidiaries. Had the resolutions been made for all the PRC
subsidiaries and VIE as of December 31, 2007, a minimum of
approximately RMB4.1 million would have been set aside for
statutory reserve.
F-22
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
<23>Earnings per share
In accordance with SFAS No. 128, Computation of Earnings Per Share (SFAS No. 128) and EITF
Issue 03-6, Participating Securities and the Two-Class Method under FABS Statement No. 128, basic
earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to ordinary shareholders by the
weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year using the two-class method.
Under the two-class method, net income is allocated between ordinary shares and other participating
securities based on their participating rights. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by
dividing net income attributable to ordinary shareholders as adjusted for the effect of dilutive
common equivalent shares, if any, by the weighted average number of common and dilutive common
equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Common equivalent shares consist of the ordinary
shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options (using the treasury stock method) and the
conversion of the convertible preference shares and convertible loans (using the if-converted
method).
However, ordinary share equivalents are not included in the denominator of the diluted
earnings per share calculation when inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive, such as in a
period in which a net loss is recorded.
<24>Segment reporting
The Group conducts its business within one industry segment the business of developing and
operating online games and related services. As the Group primarily generates its revenues from
customers in the PRC, no geographical segments are presented.
<25>Comprehensive income
Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity of the Group during a period from
transactions and other events and circumstances excluding those resulting from investments by
shareholders and distributions to shareholders. The Company has recognized the translation
adjustments as comprehensive loss and increase in fair value of available-for-sale investment as
income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
<26>Dividends
Dividends are recognized when declared.
PRC regulations currently permit payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as
determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. The9 Computer, C9I
Shanghai, C9I Beijing and Jiu Jing and the Companys VIE subsidiaries can only distribute dividends
after they have met the PRC requirements for appropriation to statutory reserves (Note
2<22>). Additionally, as the Company does not have any direct ownership in the VIE
subsidiaries, the VIE subsidiaries cannot directly distribute dividends to the Company.
Aggregate net assets of all of the Groups PRC subsidiaries and VIE subsidiaries not
distributable in the form of advances, loans, or dividends to the parent as a result of the
aforesaid PRC regulations and the Companys organizational structure were RMB47.1 million and
RMB100.3 million, 3.5% and 3.6% of total consolidated net assets,
F-23
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. However, the Groups PRC subsidiaries and VIE
subsidiaries may transfer such net assets to the Company or its shareholders by other means,
including through management fees, trademark license agreements or certain other contractual
arrangements, at the discretion of the Company without third party consent. The Company has not
currently entered into any such arrangements with the PRC subsidiaries or VIE subsidiaries.
<27>Business combination
The Group accounts for its business combinations using the purchase method of accounting in
accordance with SFAS 141. This method requires that the acquisition cost to be allocated to the
assets, including separate identifiable intangible assets, and liabilities the Group acquired based
on their estimated fair values. The Group makes estimates and judgments in determining the fair
value of the acquired assets and liabilities based on independent appraisal reports as well as its
experience with similar assets and liabilities in similar industries. If different judgment or
assumptions were used, the amounts assigned to the individual acquired assets or liabilities could
be materially affected.
3. CONVENIENCE TRANSLATION
The Group maintains its accounting records and prepares its financial statements in RMB. The
unaudited United States dollar (US dollar or US$) amounts disclosed in the accompanying
financial statements are presented solely for the convenience of the readers at the rate of
US$1.00 = RMB7.2946, representing the noon buying rate in the City of New York for cable transfers
of RMB, as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, on December 31,
2007. Such translations should not be construed as representations that the RMB amounts
represent, or have been or could be converted into, United States dollars at that or any other
rate.
4. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
The Group is the primary beneficiary of three variable interest entities, Shanghai IT and its
subsidiaries, Shanghai Advertisement and Shanghai Jiucheng Advertisement. Shanghai
Advertisements operations, which generally relate to website advertisement, have been limited
since incorporation. Shanghai Advertisement was liquidated in 2007. Shanghai Jiucheng
Advertisement was incorporated in April 2007, and its operations also generally relate to website
advertisement. Shanghai IT holds an Internet Content Provider license and other licenses for
online game provision and collects revenue on behalf of the Group for its online games. Shanghai
IT also provides other game operating support services and website solutions. The registered
capital of Shanghai IT and Shanghai Jiucheng Advertisement is RMB23 million and RMB20 million as
of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
The
Group conducts its business principally through C9I Shanghai, C9I Beijing, The9
Computer and VIE subsidiaries in the PRC. The Company is incorporated in the Cayman Islands and
considered as a foreign entity under the PRC laws. Due to the restrictions on foreign ownership
on the provision of online games, C9I Shanghai, C9I Beijing and The9 Computer, being the wholly
foreign owned entities, are dependent on the licenses held by Shanghai IT to conduct their online
games business in the PRC. C9I Shanghai,
F-24
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
C9I Beijing and The9 Computer have entered into contractual arrangements with Shanghai IT for
use of its relevant licenses as set forth below.
9Webzen Hong Kong, the Groups affiliated company, through 9Webzen Shanghai, operates an
online game MU in China. 9Webzen Hong Kong is incorporated in Hong Kong and is considered a
foreign entity under the PRC laws. Accordingly, 9Webzen Hong Kong is subject to the same
restrictions on foreign ownership as related to the provision of online games. 9Webzen Shanghai
has entered into contractual arrangements with Shanghai IT for use of its relevant licenses and
websites as set forth below.
Pursuant to various agreements entered into between certain companies in the Group and
Shanghai IT, the Group has exclusive rights to benefit from their licenses and approvals and
generally has control of Shanghai IT. In March 2004, The9 Computer restructured its agreements to
further enhance its control over Shanghai IT. Details of certain key agreements with Shanghai IT
are as follows:
Master Agreements. The9 Computer, 9Webzen Shanghai and Shanghai IT have entered into a master
agreement in connection with operating MU in China and providing services to customers jointly.
Under the agreement, The9 Computer acts as the technical service provider of Pass9, which is the
membership management and payment system used in online game operation; 9Webzen Shanghai acts as
the exclusive licensee of MU in China and the technical service provider for the operation of MU;
and Shanghai IT acts as the provider of a domain name and Internet content provider. The parties
share the revenue generated by MU in China pursuant to the revenue-sharing provisions set forth in
the agreement, which are (i) Shanghai IT is entitled to the amounts being RMB10 per user per month
but in any case no more than 5.5% of the net revenue; (ii) The9 Computer is entitled to 5% of net
revenue; and (iii) 9Webzen Shanghai is entitled to the rest of the revenue after deducting the
portions allocated to Shanghai IT and The9 Computer. Each party is then subject to sales tax at a
rate of 5% and related surcharges on their respective revenue entitlements. In October 2006, The9
Computer, 9Webzen Shanghai and Shanghai IT have entered into a supplementary agreement. Under the
supplementary agreement, The9 Computer has ceased being the technical service provider of Pass9
for 9Webzen and no longer shares in the revenue generated from the operation of MU since October
1, 2006.
In June 2005, The9 Computer, C9I Shanghai and Shanghai IT entered into a master agreement in
connection with operating the WoW game, a massively multiplayer online role-playing game, in China
and providing services to customers jointly. Under the agreement, C9I Shanghai acts as the
exclusive licensee of WoW in China and the technical service provider for the operation of WoW;
The9 Computer acts as the technical service provider of Pass9, which is the membership management
and payment system used in our online game operation; and Shanghai IT acts as the provider of a
domain name and Internet content provider. The Company granted Shanghai IT the right to use a
domain name for its operation and provision of Internet content in China for a license fee of
RMB10,000 per year base on a Domain Name License Agreement. The parties share the revenue
generated by WoW in China pursuant to the revenue-sharing provisions set forth in the agreement,
which are (i) Shanghai IT is entitled to the amounts being RMB 120,000 per year of the WoW
revenue; (ii) The9 Computer is entitled to 5% of the residual WoW revenue after Shanghai IT
shares the relevant revenue; and (iii) C9I Shanghai is entitled to the rest of the revenue after
deducting the portions allocated to Shanghai IT and The9
F-25
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
Computer. Each party is then subject to sales tax at a rate of 5% and related surcharges on
their respective revenue entitlements.
Since February 2007, the Domain Name License Agreement terminated and The9 Computer, C9I
Shanghai and Shanghai IT amended the Master Agreement for WoW to add China The9 Interactive
(Beijing) (C9I Beijing) as a party to the Master
Agreement, which was updated in May 2007.
Pursuant to this amendment, the revenue-sharing arrangements were revised so that all revenue is
recognized by Shanghai IT first, and revenue recognized by the other parties based on fair-market
value.
Exclusive Technical Service Agreement. The9 Computer provides Shanghai IT with technical
services for the operation of computer software and related business, including the provision of
systematic solutions to the operation of Internet websites, the rental of computer and Internet
facilities, daily maintenance of Internet servers and databases, the development and update of
relevant computer software, and all other related technical and consulting services. Shanghai IT
pays quarterly service fees to The9 Computer. The9 Computer is the exclusive provider of these
services.
Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreements. The shareholders of Shanghai IT entered into a
Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, under which each shareholder irrevocably granted The9
Computer the power to exercise all voting rights to which they were entitled as shareholders of
Shanghai IT.
Call Option Agreements. The9 Computer entered into a call option agreement with each of the
shareholders of Shanghai IT, under which the parties irrevocably agreed that, at The9 Computers
sole discretion, The9 Computer and/or any third parties designated will be entitled to acquire all
or part of the equity interests in Shanghai IT, to the extent as permitted by the then-effective
PRC laws and regulations. The consideration for such acquisition will be the minimum amount as
permitted by PRC law. Under this agreement, the shareholders of Shanghai IT have also agreed that
they will not enter into any transaction, or fail to take any action, that would substantially
affect the assets, liabilities, equity or operations of Shanghai IT without The9 Computers prior
written consent.
Loan Agreement. During the years presented, The9 Computer loaned a total of RMB23 million to
two of the shareholders of Shanghai IT, solely for the purpose of capitalizing Shanghai IT. Such
loans would become due immediately when The9 Computer issues a written notice to the borrowers
requiring repayment.
Equity Pledge Agreements. To secure the full performance of their respective obligations
under the Exclusive Technical Service Agreement, the Shareholder Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, the
Call Option Agreement and the Loan Agreement, the shareholders of Shanghai IT have pledged all of
their equity interests in Shanghai IT in favour of The9 Computer under an equity pledge agreement.
In the event of a breach of any term in the above agreements by either shareholder of Shanghai IT,
The9 Computer will be entitled to enforce its pledge rights over such pledged equity interests to
compensate for any and all losses suffered from such breach.
F-26
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
5. OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES), NET
During the years ended December 31, 2005, the Group sold its proprietary integrated
membership management and payment system, Pass9, to two independent third-party companies for
US$1,430,000. As at December 31, 2005, Pass9 has been delivered to the buyers, the buyers have
accepted such delivery, and the Group does not have any future obligations with regard to the
aforementioned sales of Pass9 beyond December 31, 2005.
During the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, the Group received financial
subsidies from the local government amounting to RMB13,417,120, RMB30,999,000 and RMB21,127,000
(US$2,896,252), respectively.
During the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, the Group recognised foreign
exchange losses due to the appreciation of RMB against USD, amounting to RMB9,719,514,
RMB2,480,729 and RMB51,039,667 (US$6,996,911), respectively.
6. GOODWILL
In October 2003, the Company formed C9I in Hong Kong with China Interactive (Singapore) Pte.
Ltd. (China Interactive), a Singapore online game company, to operate WoW, a massively
multiplayer online role-playing game. The Company invested US$2,700,000 in cash for 54% of the
equity interest in the joint venture. China Interactive invested US$2.3 million in cash (US$2
million contributed in February 2004, and US$0.3 million in April 2004) for a 46% interest in the
joint venture. As the Company has a controlling financial interest in C9I, the Company has
consolidated the results of the joint venture.
On February 3, 2004, Vivendi Universal Games granted C9I an exclusive license to localize and
promote WoW in China. The license is non-assignable, non-sublicensable and non-transferable.
Vivendi Universal Games retains ownership of all its intellectual property rights, including those
relating to the localized WoW. The WoW game was commercially launched on June 7, 2005.
In March 2004, GameNow Hong Kong entered into a term sheet with China Interactive, the
minority shareholder of C9I. Pursuant to the term sheet:
|
|
|
GameNow Hong Kong extended a loan of US$600,000 to China Interactive, active
immediately upon the signing of the term sheet. |
|
|
|
|
China Interactive will be required to transfer 14.9% of the total issued shares of
C9I held by China Interactive to GameNow Hong Kong at the per share price equal to the
aggregate invested amount per share, or approximately US$745,000 in total. |
|
|
|
|
GameNow Hong Kong will be required to lend a further US$4,000,000 upon
completion of the transfer of 14.9% of the total issued shares of C9I held by China
Interactive to GameNow Hong Kong. |
In December 2004, pursuant to the above-described term sheet:
F-27
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
|
|
|
GameNow Hong Kong entered into a loan agreement with China Interactive. Pursuant to
the agreement, an additional loan of US$4,000,000 was extended to China Interactive. |
In January 2005, GameNow Hong Kong entered into a share purchase agreement
with China Interactive, the minority shareholder of C9I. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement,
GameNow Hong Kong purchased 14.9% of the equity interest in China Interactive for US$745,000 in
cash. In April 2005, GameNow Hong Kong entered into a loan agreement with China Interactive.
Pursuant to the agreement, an additional loan of US$6,000,000 was extended to China Interactive.
In August 2005, GameNow Hong Kong entered into a share purchase agreement with China
Interactive. Pursuant to the share purchase agreement, GameNow Hong Kong purchased the remaining
31.1% equity interest in C9I for US$40,000,000 and increased its interest in C9I to 100%. In
accordance with the share purchase agreement, the Company paid US$30,000,000 in 2005 and
US$10,000,000 in 2006. In connection with this transaction, the Company recognized goodwill of
RMB30,199,751 and intangible assets of RMB283,701,360, which is amortized over the remaining
license period of approximately 4 years.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and
liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At August 26, 2005 |
|
|
US$000 |
Net working capital |
|
|
(6,570 |
) |
Net fixed assets |
|
|
6,807 |
|
Other non-current assets |
|
|
523 |
|
Intangible assets |
|
|
35,040 |
|
Goodwill |
|
|
4,200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consideration given |
|
|
40,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7. INVESTMENTS IN EQUITY INVESTEES
The Groups investments in equity investees comprise direct investments in 9Webzen Hong Kong, a
joint venture with Webzen Inc., a Korea based company, Object Software Limited (Object
Software), an established game developer in China, GFD Inc. (GFD), a joint venture with
Softworld Ltd., a Taiwan based company, Beijing Wanwei Sky Technology Co. Ltd. (Beijing
Wanwei), a start-up online game portal, Sunmi Rise Company Limited (Sunmi Rise), a
start-up online game operator and Shanghai Institute of Visual Art of Fudan University
(SIVA), a college in Shanghai. The Group accounted for the investment in equity investees
using the equity method of accounting (Note 7.1), except for SIVA, which the Group adopted cost
method (Note 7.2).
F-28
7.1 Investments accounted for under the equity method
The following sets forth the movements of the Groups investments accounted for under the equity
method.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9Webzen |
|
Object |
|
|
|
|
|
Beijing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hong Kong |
|
Software |
|
GFD |
|
Wanwei |
|
Sunmi Rise |
|
|
|
|
<1> |
|
<2> |
|
<3> |
|
<4> |
|
<5> |
|
Total |
Balance at December
31, 2005 (RMB) |
|
|
7,574,259 |
|
|
|
28,433,275 |
|
|
|
9,466,732 |
|
|
|
1,361,727 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,835,993 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,932,804 |
|
|
|
7,932,804 |
|
Sale of investment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(19,257,813 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(19,257,813 |
) |
Share of (loss)
income on equity
investments |
|
|
(4,731,579 |
) |
|
|
(2,068,745 |
) |
|
|
9,791,081 |
|
|
|
(1,361,727 |
) |
|
|
(2,195,763 |
) |
|
|
(566,733 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(20,401,915 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(20,401,915 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December
31, 2006 (RMB) |
|
|
2,842,680 |
|
|
|
5,962,615 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,737,041 |
|
|
|
14,542,336 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share of (loss)
income on equity
investments |
|
|
(883,108 |
) |
|
|
314,087 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,109,661 |
) |
|
|
(5,678,682 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(627,380 |
) |
|
|
(627,380 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December
31, 2007 (RMB) |
|
|
1,959,572 |
|
|
|
6,276,702 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,236,274 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December
31, 2007 (US$,
unaudited, Note 3) |
|
|
268,633 |
|
|
|
860,459 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,129,092 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-29
<1> Investment in 9Webzen Hong Kong
The Group, through GameNow Hong Kong, and Webzen Inc. entered into a joint venture agreement
in September 2002 (the JV Agreement) and established 9Webzen Hong Kong. The Group and Webzen
Inc. owned 51% and 49% economic interest of 9Webzen Hong Kong, respectively until the Group
disposed of a 21% interest in December 2005. Webzen Inc. held 49% ownership interest in 9Webzen
Hong Kong and had substantial rights under the JV Agreement to effectively participate in
significant decisions made in the ordinary course of 9Webzen Hong Kongs business operations. In
accordance with EITF No.96-16 Investors Accounting for an Investee When the Investor Has a
Majority of the Voting Interest but the Minority Shareholder or Shareholders Have Certain Approval
or Veto Rights, the Company accounted for its 51% interest in 9Webzen Hong Kong under the equity
method of accounting, as prescribed in APB Opinion No.18, The Equity Method of Accounting for
Investment in Common Stock, as the minority shareholder had substantive participating rights that
provided the minority shareholder the ability to block significant decisions proposed by the
majority shareholder.
9Webzen Hong Kong established a wholly-owned subsidiary, 9Webzen Limited (Shanghai) (9Webzen
Shanghai) in Shanghai in January 2003. Both 9Webzen Hong Kong and 9Webzen Shanghai are
principally engaged in the development and operation of the online game, MU, a massively
multiplayer online role-playing game that allows multiple players to play at the same time and
interact with each other. MU was developed by Webzen Inc., and 9Webzen Hong Kong has an exclusive
license from Webzen Inc. to operate MU in the PRC. MU is operated in the PRC through 9Webzen
Shanghai and was launched commercially in February 2003.
In December 2005, the Group entered into an agreement with Webzen Inc., to sell its 21%
interest in 9Webzen Hong Kong to Webzen Inc. for a total consideration of US$2,750,000. After the
completion of the transaction, the Groups equity interest in 9Webzen Hong Kong was reduced from
51% to 30%. The Company recognized gain of approximately RMB6.7 million from the disposal of the
21% interest in 9Webzen Hong Kong.
Summarized consolidated balance sheet information of 9Webzen Hong Kong is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
(Unaudited) |
|
(Unaudited) |
|
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets |
|
|
16,991,436 |
|
|
|
18,781,199 |
|
|
|
2,574,672 |
|
Non-current assets |
|
|
4,597,084 |
|
|
|
2,523,446 |
|
|
|
345,933 |
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
12,112,917 |
|
|
|
14,772,728 |
|
|
|
2,025,159 |
|
Shareholders equity |
|
|
9,475,603 |
|
|
|
6,531,917 |
|
|
|
895,446 |
|
Summarized consolidated statement of operations information of 9Webzen Hong Kong is as
follows:
F-30
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
(Unaudited) |
|
(Unaudited) |
|
(Unaudited) |
|
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net revenues |
|
|
46,602,500 |
|
|
|
9,941,497 |
|
|
|
14,224,327 |
|
|
|
1,949,980 |
|
Gross (loss) profit |
|
|
(2,197,925 |
) |
|
|
(4,696,730 |
) |
|
|
4,064,880 |
|
|
|
557,245 |
|
Net loss |
|
|
(12,237,316 |
) |
|
|
(15,803,830 |
) |
|
|
(2,943,686 |
) |
|
|
(403,543 |
) |
9Webzen Shanghai is incorporated in the Pudong New District of Shanghai and therefore subject
to a 15% preferential Enterprises Income tax (EIT) rate. In May 2003, 9Webzen Shanghai received
approval from certain government authorities to be classified as a Software Enterprise. This
classification, subject to annual inspection, entitles 9Webzen Shanghai to enjoy EIT exemption for
2003 and 2004, and 50% reduction in applicable EIT rate in the three years thereafter for which the
Shanghai tax authorities have granted approval. 9Webzen Shanghai had passed annual inspection for
2005. Total tax savings to 9Webzen Shanghai from the EIT exemption amounted to approximately
RMB426,000 for the year ended 2005. This tax saving contributed an additional approximately
RMB217,000 to the Groups equity in profit of affiliated company, net of taxes in 2005. There were
no contribution in 2006 and 2007 because 9Webzen Shanghai has no taxable income in 2006 and 2007.
<2> Investment in Object Software
On April 16, 2004, the Group invested US$4.0 million, comprising US$1.0 million to
shareholders of Object Software for existing share and US$3.0 million to Object Software for the
issuance of new ordinary shares, for a 20% stake in Object Software. The Group has the right to
effectively participate in significant decisions that are expected to be made in the ordinary
course of business of Object Software and has significant influence on but not control over Object
Softwares operations. Therefore, the investment in Object Software is accounted under the equity
method of accounting.
Summarized consolidated balance sheet information of Object Software is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
(Unaudited) |
|
(Unaudited) |
|
(Unaudited, Note3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets |
|
|
1,205,023 |
|
|
|
9,802,206 |
|
|
|
1,343,762 |
|
Non-current assets |
|
|
5,705,882 |
|
|
|
4,446,547 |
|
|
|
609,567 |
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
21,081,145 |
|
|
|
26,064,569 |
|
|
|
3,573,132 |
|
Shareholders deficits |
|
|
(14,170,240 |
) |
|
|
(11,815,816 |
) |
|
|
(1,619,803 |
) |
Summarized consolidated statement of operations information of Object Software is as follows:
F-31
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
(Unaudited) |
|
(Unaudited) |
|
(Unaudited) |
|
(Unaudited, Note3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net revenues |
|
|
13,229,213 |
|
|
|
13,528,478 |
|
|
|
27,562,610 |
|
|
|
3,778,495 |
|
Operating loss |
|
|
(22,198,691 |
) |
|
|
(12,731,000 |
) |
|
|
(1,874,574 |
) |
|
|
(256,981 |
) |
Net (loss) income |
|
|
(18,012,160 |
) |
|
|
(10,144,230 |
) |
|
|
1,535,076 |
|
|
|
210,440 |
|
The Group assessed the recoverability of its long term investment in Object Software, and
recognized impairment provision amounting to RMB20.4 million in 2006, representing the excess of
the carrying value over the estimated fair value of the Companys 20% interest in Object Software.
<3>Investment in GFD
The Group, through Spring Asia and Softworld Ltd., entered into a joint venture agreement in
June 2005 (the JV Agreement) and established GFD. The Groups total investment in GFD was US$1.5
million. GFD is principally engaged in the operation of the online game, WoW. GFD has the
exclusive license to operate WoW in certain regions outside of Mainland China. The Group and
Softworld Ltd. owned 30% and 70% economic interest of GFD, respectively. The Group accounted for
its 30% interest in GFD under the equity method of accounting.
In December 2006, the Group entered into an agreement with a third party to sell its 100%
interest in Spring Asia which mainly includes US$1.5 million equity investment in GFD and US$1.5
million receivable from GFD for a total consideration of US$6,965,825 and recognized gain of
approximately RMB23.4 million from the disposal of its 100% interest in Spring Asia.
Summarized statement of operations information of GFD is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the period from |
|
For the year |
|
|
July 25, 2005 to |
|
ended |
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
Decmeber 31, 2006 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
|
(Unaudited) |
|
(Unaudited) |
Net revenues |
|
|
45,185,978 |
|
|
|
163,773,963 |
|
Operating
(loss) profit |
|
|
(8,578,897 |
) |
|
|
40,712,538 |
|
Net (loss) income |
|
|
(8,907,643 |
) |
|
|
38,546,541 |
|
<4> Investment in Beijing Wanwei
In October 2004, Shanghai IT entered into a Capital Subscription Agreement with Beijing
Wanwei. Pursuant to the agreement, Shanghai IT acquired a 40% stake in Beijing Wanwei for
consideration of RMB2.4 million. The acquisition of the 40% stake in Beijing Wanwei was completed
in January 2005.
F-32
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
In December 2005, the Group and other investors of Beijing Wanwei entered into an agreement
with a third party investor to establish TK Game Corporation (TK Game), a Cayman Islands holding
company. The Group and Beijing Wanweis original shareholders contributed their respective 40% and
60% equity interests in Beijing Wanwei to TK Game and the third party investor invested US$2
million into TK Game in the form of preference shares. Upon completion of the transaction, the
Group, Beijing Wanweis original shareholders, and the third party investor owned 33.5%, 33.5%, and
33% of TK Game, respectively, on a fully diluted basis. The preference shares have various
preferences and rights over dividend, liquidation, conversion and redemption.
The carrying amount of the investment in Beijing Wanwei was decreased to nil as December 31,
2006 as a result of the Companys share of equity in loss of Beijing Wanwei.
<5> Investment in Sunmi Rise
The Group, through City Rise, invested US$1.0 million in Sunmi Rise in August 2006 for a 30%
interest. Sunmi Rise has the exclusive license to operate the online
causal dancing game Groove
Party in Mainland China. The Group accounts for its 30% interest in Sunmi Rise under the equity
method of accounting.
Summarized balance sheet information of Sunmi Rise is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
December 31, |
|
December 31, |
|
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
(Unaudited) |
|
(Unaudited ) |
|
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
Current assets |
|
|
5,261,126 |
|
|
|
4,455,386 |
|
|
|
610,779 |
|
Non-current assets |
|
|
4,244,668 |
|
|
|
6,205,314 |
|
|
|
850,672 |
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
8,983,693 |
|
|
|
27,245,560 |
|
|
|
3,735,031 |
|
Shareholders
equity (deficit) |
|
|
522,101 |
|
|
|
(16,584,860 |
) |
|
|
(2,273,580 |
) |
Summarized statement of operations information of Sunmi Rise is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the period from |
|
|
|
|
|
|
August 1, 2006 to |
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
(Unaudited) |
|
(Unaudited) |
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
Net revenues |
|
|
306,282 |
|
|
|
472,370 |
|
|
|
64,756 |
|
Operating loss |
|
|
(8,340,733 |
) |
|
|
(16,961,741 |
) |
|
|
(2,325,246 |
) |
Net loss |
|
|
(8,458,313 |
) |
|
|
(17,033,300 |
) |
|
|
(2,335,056 |
) |
The Group assessed the recoverability of its long term investment in Sunmi Rise, and
recognized impairment provision amounting to RMB0.6 million in 2007, representing the excess of the
carrying value over the estimated fair value of the Companys 30% interest in Sunmi Rise.
The Group records its investment in 9Webzen Hong Kong, Object Software, Beijing Wanwei, GFD
and Sunmi Rise on the balance sheet as Investment in equity investees and its share of 9Webzen
Hong Kong, Object Software, GFD, Beijing
F-33
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
Wanwei and Sunmi Rises profit or loss as Loss on equity
investments on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
7.2 Investment accounted for under the cost method
In April 2007, the Group, through Shanghai IT, acquired a 1.5% stake in Shanghai Institute of
Visual of Art of Fudan University (SIVA), a college in Shanghai, China, for a consideration of
RMB10 million. The Group accounted for the RMB10 million using the cost method of accounting.
8. AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE INVESTMENT
The Group, through its subsidiary, acquired 2,000,000 redeemable and convertible preferred
shares of Infocomm Asia Holdings Pte Ltd. (IAH), a Singapore Company, in July 2006 with a
consideration of US$2.0 million. IAH has the exclusive rights to operate Granado Espada and
Hellgate: London in eight Southeast Asian countries. As of December 31, 2007, the Groups investment
represents IAHs 11.4% equity interest, on an as converted basis. The Group is entitled to convert
the preferred shares, at its option, to IAHs ordinary shares. In addition, the Group has a right
to require IAH to redeem the preferred shares after the 4th anniversary of the Groups acquisition
of the preferred shares.
In accordance with SFAS No. 115 Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity
securities (SFAS 115), the convertible and redeemable preferred shares are in the nature of debt
securities, which the Group recorded as an available-for-sale investment. Subsequent to initial
recognition, available-for-sale investment is measured at fair value with changes in fair value
recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income included in shareholders equity. When there
is objective evidence that the investment is impaired, the cumulative losses from declines in fair
value that had been recognized directly in other comprehensive income are removed from equity and
recognized in the income statement. When the available-for-sale investment is sold, the cumulative
fair value adjustments previously recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income included are
transferred to the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income.
As of December 31, 2007, the Company recorded the investment in IAH at fair value of RMB29.2
million (US$4.0 million), with RMB13.6 million (US$1.9 million) increase in fair value of the
investment credited to other comprehensive income.
F-34
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
9. PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE
Property, equipment and software and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December |
|
December |
|
December |
|
|
31, 2006 |
|
31, 2007 |
|
31, 2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
Office buildings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
57,563,875 |
|
|
|
7,891,300 |
|
Computer and equipment |
|
|
313,125,239 |
|
|
|
504,237,692 |
|
|
|
69,124,790 |
|
Leasehold improvements |
|
|
29,053,716 |
|
|
|
5,287,322 |
|
|
|
724,827 |
|
Office furniture and fixtures |
|
|
4,684,950 |
|
|
|
6,005,927 |
|
|
|
823,339 |
|
Motor vehicles |
|
|
6,054,354 |
|
|
|
8,331,715 |
|
|
|
1,142,176 |
|
Software |
|
|
2,729,911 |
|
|
|
10,684,451 |
|
|
|
1,464,707 |
|
Less: accumulated
depreciation and
amortization |
|
|
(128,136,164 |
) |
|
|
(247,717,510 |
) |
|
|
(33,959,027 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net book value |
|
|
227,512,006 |
|
|
|
344,393,472 |
|
|
|
47,212,112 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization charges for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007
amounted to RMB39,463,381, RMB76,158,886 and RMB122,658,272 (US$16,814,941) respectively.
In
April, 2007, the Group purchased its office building, previously held
under an operating lease, as
a result of which leasehold improvements amounting to approximately RMB28.4 million were
reclassified to office buildings.
10. LAND USE RIGHT
Land use right represent the payment for usage of the parcel of land where the office
building is located. Land use right is recorded at cost, and are amortized over the remaining
useful life of 44 years.
Gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization and net book value of the intangible assets
as of December 31, 2007 are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December |
|
December |
|
|
31, 2007 |
|
31, 2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
Land use right |
|
|
85,160,349 |
|
|
|
11,674,437 |
|
Less: accumulated amortization |
|
|
(1,440,684 |
) |
|
|
(197,500 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net book value |
|
|
83,719,665 |
|
|
|
11,476,937 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization charge at amounts of RMB1,440,684 (US$197,500) were recognized in 2007.
F-35
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
11. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization and net book value of the intangible assets
as of December 31 are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Upfront licensing fees |
|
|
91,399,808 |
|
|
|
230,962,573 |
|
|
|
31,662,130 |
|
Less: Accumulated amortization |
|
|
(20,854,002 |
) |
|
|
(32,015,053 |
) |
|
|
(4,388,870 |
) |
Impairment provision |
|
|
(6,582,503 |
) |
|
|
(25,286,919 |
) |
|
|
(3,466,526 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
63,963,303 |
|
|
|
173,660,601 |
|
|
|
23,806,734 |
|
Intangible assets from
business combination relating
to C9I (Note 6) |
|
|
283,701,360 |
|
|
|
283,701,360 |
|
|
|
38,891,969 |
|
Less: Accumulated amortization |
|
|
(103,393,384 |
) |
|
|
(180,097,825 |
) |
|
|
(24,689,198 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
180,307,976 |
|
|
|
103,603,535 |
|
|
|
14,202,771 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net book value |
|
|
244,271,279 |
|
|
|
277,264,136 |
|
|
|
38,009,505 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At each balance sheet date, the Group determines whether there is any indication of
impairment. If any indications exist, impairment is assessed and the Group recognizes impairment
in the event that the net book value exceeds the future undiscounted cash flows attributable to
the intangible assets.
Impairment provisions relating to upfront licensing fees at amounts of RMB5.7 million, RMB0.9
million, RMB18.7 million (US$2.6 million) were recognized in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
The RMB18.7 million impairment charge for the year 2007 represents impairment provision on prepaid
license fee for Guild Wars game which was ceased operation in early 2008.
Amortization expense related to intangible assets was RMB33,792,069 RMB90,286,523 and
RMB87,865,492 (US$12,045,279) for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
As of December 31, 2007, the estimated aggregate amortization expense from existing intangible
assets for each of the five succeeding fiscal year is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
2008 |
|
|
95,422,430 |
|
|
|
13,081,242 |
|
2009 |
|
|
68,782,988 |
|
|
|
9,429,302 |
|
2010 |
|
|
38,243,048 |
|
|
|
5,242,652 |
|
2011 |
|
|
30,686,110 |
|
|
|
4,206,689 |
|
2012 |
|
|
12,144,233 |
|
|
|
1,664,825 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
245,278,809 |
|
|
|
33,624,710 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-36
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
12. PREPAID ROYALTIES & DEFERRED COSTS
On February 3, 2004, Vivendi Universal Games (VUG) granted C9I an exclusive license to
localize, promote and operate WoW in the PRC (Note 1). Pursuant to the license agreement, C9I
shall pay royalties to VUG equal to 22% of the face value of prepaid cards and online points sold
and 37.7% or 39% of the face value of CD-key.
On September 20, 2004, Hanbitsoft Inc. (Hanbitsoft) and IMC Games Co., Ltd. (IMC) granted
GameNow Hong Kong an exclusive license to localize, promote and operate GE in the PRC. Pursuant
to the license agreement, GameNow Hong Kong shall pay royalties to Hanbitsoft equal to 21% of the
face value of prepaid cards and online points sold.
On December 13, 2005, Webzen Inc. (Webzen) granted GameNow Hong Kong an exclusive license
to localize, promote and operate SUN in the PRC. Pursuant to the license agreement, GameNow Hong
Kong shall pay royalties to Webzen equal to 22% of the face value of prepaid cards and online
points sold less related sales taxes.
For WoW and GE, royalties of each game paid to above respective licensors of the games are
initially recognized as prepaid royalties when paid and subsequently
recognized as deferred costs
upon the customers online registration and activation of their cards or online points, and then
ultimately recognized as costs in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive
income based upon the actual usage of the game playing time by the customers or when the
likelihood that the Group would provide further services to them is remote.
For
SUN, royalties paid to Hanbitsoft are initially recorded as deferred costs upon the
customers online registration and activation of their cards or
online points, and recognized as an account payable. Deferred cost is recognized as costs of services in the consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive income based upon the actual usage of the game points
by end customers subsequently.
13. TAXATION
Cayman Islands and British Virgin Islands
Under the current tax laws of the Cayman Islands and British Virgin Islands, the Company and
its subsidiaries are not subject to tax on their income or capital gains. In addition, upon payment
of dividends by the Company to its shareholders, no Cayman Islands withholding tax will be imposed.
Hong Kong
The Groups subsidiaries in Hong Kong did not have assessable profits that were from Hong Kong
during the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007. Therefore, no Hong Kong profit tax had
been provided for in the years presented.
China
The Groups subsidiaries and VIE subsidiaries in the PRC are subject to Enterprise Income Tax
(EIT) on the taxable income as reported in their respective statutory financial statements
adjusted in accordance with the Income Tax Law of the Peoples
F-37
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
Republic of China concerning Foreign Investment Enterprise and Foreign Enterprises and the
Enterprise Income Tax Law (collectively the PRC Income Tax Laws), respectively. Pursuant to the
PRC Income Tax Laws, the Groups subsidiaries and VIE subsidiaries in the PRC are generally subject
to EIT at a statutory rate of 33%. However, the subsidiaries that are located in the Pudong New
District of Shanghai are subject to a 15% preferential EIT rate, and the subsidiaries that are
located in Zhongguancun Hi-tech Park of Haidian District of Beijing and hold a High and New
Technology Enterprise qualification simultaneously are subject to a 15% preferential EIT rate.
In September 2005, C9I Shanghai received approval from certain government authorities to be
classified as a High and New Technology Enterprise. This classification, subject to annual
inspection, entitles C9I Shanghai to enjoy EIT exemption for the years ended December 31, 2005 and
December 31, 2006 for which the Shanghai tax authorities have granted approval. Total tax savings
to C9I Shanghai from the EIT exemption are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aggregate effect |
|
|
48,947,051 |
|
|
|
120,330,643 |
|
Per share effect basic |
|
|
2.02 |
|
|
|
4.92 |
|
Per share effect diluted |
|
|
1.97 |
|
|
|
4.90 |
|
In April 2007, C9I Beijing received approval from certain government authorities to be
classified as a High and New Technology Enterprise. This classification, subject to annual
inspection, entitles C9I Beijing to enjoy EIT exemption for 2007, 2008 and 2009, and a 50%
reduction in the applicable EIT rate in the three years thereafter for which the Beijing tax
authorities have granted approval. C9I Beijing did not provide for EIT for the year ended December
31, 2007. Total tax savings to C9I Beijing from the EIT exemption are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
US$ (Unaudited, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aggregate effect |
|
|
52,602,187 |
|
|
|
7,211,113 |
|
Per share effect basic |
|
|
1.92 |
|
|
|
0.26 |
|
Per share effect diluted |
|
|
1.90 |
|
|
|
0.26 |
|
F-38
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
Composition of income tax (expense) benefit
The current and deferred portions of income tax expense included in the consolidated
statements of operations and comprehensive income are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current income tax expense |
|
|
(606,010 |
) |
|
|
(616,896 |
) |
|
|
(38,352,387 |
) |
|
|
(5,257,641 |
) |
Deferred taxation |
|
|
6,838,895 |
|
|
|
12,861,712 |
|
|
|
19,288,424 |
|
|
|
2,644,206 |
|
Change in valuation allowance |
|
|
(6,401,140 |
) |
|
|
(9,575,053 |
) |
|
|
9,795,331 |
|
|
|
1,342,819 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax (expense) benefit |
|
|
(168,255 |
) |
|
|
2,669,763 |
|
|
|
(9,268,632 |
) |
|
|
(1,270,616 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation of the differences between statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate
Reconciliation between the statutory EIT rate and the Groups effective tax rate is as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Statutory EIT rate |
|
|
33% |
|
|
|
33% |
|
|
|
33% |
|
Effect of tax rates
differential from statutory
rate |
|
|
12% |
|
|
|
1% |
|
|
|
(1%) |
|
Change of valuation allowance |
|
|
8% |
|
|
|
3% |
|
|
|
(4%) |
|
(Income) not subject to tax
and non-deductible expenses,
net |
|
|
(4%) |
|
|
|
(2%) |
|
|
|
0% |
|
Effect of tax holidays |
|
|
(49%) |
|
|
|
(36%) |
|
|
|
(19%) |
|
Enacted EIT rate change |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effective EIT rate |
|
|
0% |
|
|
|
(1%) |
|
|
|
4% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-39
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
Significant components of deferred tax assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Temporary differences related to revenues
and expenses |
|
|
109,701 |
|
|
|
470,335 |
|
|
|
64,477 |
|
Net operating loss carry-forwards * |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,830,845 |
|
|
|
662,249 |
|
Less: Valuation allowance |
|
|
(109,701 |
) |
|
|
(182,835 |
) |
|
|
(25,064 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net current deferred tax assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,118,345 |
|
|
|
701,662 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Temporary differences related to
depreciation and amortisation |
|
|
6,872,917 |
|
|
|
17,250,101 |
|
|
|
2,364,777 |
|
Net operating loss carry-forwards* |
|
|
14,384,698 |
|
|
|
18,104,459 |
|
|
|
2,481,899 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total non-current deferred tax assets |
|
|
21,257,615 |
|
|
|
35,354,560 |
|
|
|
4,846,676 |
|
Less: Valuation allowance |
|
|
(15,866,492 |
) |
|
|
(5,998,027 |
) |
|
|
(822,256 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net non-current deferred tax assets |
|
|
5,391,123 |
|
|
|
29,356,533 |
|
|
|
4,024,420 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total deferred tax assets |
|
|
5,391,123 |
|
|
|
34,474,878 |
|
|
|
4,726,082 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
The net operating loss carry-forwards will expire, if unused, in the years ending December
31, 2010 through 2011. |
Movement of valuation allowance on deferred tax assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ (Note 3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1 |
|
|
6,401,140 |
|
|
|
15,976,193 |
|
|
|
2,190,140 |
|
Increase in
valuation allowance |
|
|
9,575,053 |
|
|
|
3,193,583 |
|
|
|
437,801 |
|
Reversal of
valuation allowance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(12,988,914 |
) |
|
|
(1,780,620 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31 |
|
|
15,976,193 |
|
|
|
6,180,862 |
|
|
|
847,321 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2006, valuation allowance of approximately RMB16.0 million was provided,
as it was considered more likely than not that the deferred tax assets would not be recognized by
the Company. Given the changes in business circumstances, including changes in legal requirements, that occurred in 2007, management considered the expected future taxable income/loss
for each of the group entities and has concluded that The9 Computer and Shanghai IT will be able to
utilize their loss carryforwards, the recognition of the deferred tax assets became more likely
than not and the valuation allowance of RMB9.8 million was reversed.
On March 16, 2007, the National Peoples Congress approved the Corporate Income Tax Law of the
Peoples Republic of China (the new CIT Law). The new CIT Law went into effect as of January 1,
2008 which unified the tax rate generally applicable to both domestic and foreign-invested
enterprises in China. Under the new CIT Law, whether the Groups entities registered in Shanghai Pudong
New District are
F-40
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
entitled
to enjoy the preferential CIT rate of 15% is uncertain. In accordance
with SFAS No. 109 Accounting for Income Taxes, these entities used
25%, the new statutory income tax rate, to calculate their deferred
tax assets as of December 31, 2007. The reporting of deferred
tax assets at the new statutory income tax rate as opposed to current
preferential tax rate resulted in
a tax benefit of approximately RMB13.4 million (US$ 1.8 million) for the year 2007. When detailed
regulations on the applicable requirements and procedures to apply for the preferential tax
treatment are signed into law or announced by local authorities and if the Company has obtained
confirmation from the Chinese tax authorities on its qualification for such preferential tax
treatment, there is a possibility that the Company will report a higher tax charge in the future
periods, resulting from a reduction to the deferred tax assets to
reflect lower preferred tax rates. Under the new CIT Law and related
detailed implementation guidance enacted so far, C9I Beijing is
entitle to continue its tax holidays of 6 years (including 3 years
exemption from CIT followed by 3 years of 50% reduction in CIT rate
since 2007); however, its CIT rate will increase gradually from 15%
in 2007 to 25% in 2012 and future years. The gradual increase in C9I
Beijings future CIT rates did not result in a significant change in
the Groups deferred taxation.
The Company will assess the implications, if any, when the State Council announces additional
regulations and guidance.
In accordance with the new CIT Law, dividends declared in 2008 and then on, by foreign
invested enterprises (FIEs) to its foreign investors, are subject to 10% withholding income tax.
Subsequent to December 31, 2007, on February 22, 2008, the Ministry of Finance and the State
Administration of Taxation jointly issued detailed guidance, which clarified that dividend
appropriated from accumulated profits as at December 31, 2007, was exempted from withholding tax.
In addition, under certain tax treaty between the PRC and Hong Kong, if the foreign investor is
incorporated in Hong Kong, the applicable withholding tax rate was reduced to 5%, if the investor
holds at least 25% in the FIE; or 10%, if the investor holds less than 25% in the FIE. Pursuant
to APB Opinion No.23, Accounting for Income TaxesSpecial
Areas, a deferred tax liability should be recognized for the undistributed profits of PRC
companies unless the Company has sufficient evidence to
demonstrate that the undistributed dividends will be re-invested and the remittance of the
dividends will be postponed indefinitely. The Group plans to
indefinitely reinvest undistributed profits of its China subsidiaries and VIEs in its
operations in PRC. Therefore, no withholding income taxes for undistributed
profits of the Companys subsidiaries and VIEs have been provided as of
December 31, 2007.
14. OTHER PAYABLES AND ACCRUALS
Other payables and accruals are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December |
|
December |
|
December |
|
|
31, 2006 |
|
31, 2007 |
|
31, 2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Staff cost related payables |
|
|
19,794,416 |
|
|
|
21,689,586 |
|
|
|
2,973,376 |
|
Professional services |
|
|
7,580,002 |
|
|
|
12,633,520 |
|
|
|
1,731,900 |
|
Internet data centers |
|
|
6,932,637 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R&D services |
|
|
3,095,366 |
|
|
|
2,695,366 |
|
|
|
369,502 |
|
Marketing and promotion |
|
|
2,905,467 |
|
|
|
4,306,173 |
|
|
|
590,323 |
|
Others |
|
|
12,159,755 |
|
|
|
7,026,575 |
|
|
|
963,257 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
52,467,643 |
|
|
|
48,351,220 |
|
|
|
6,628,358 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-41
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
15. SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAM
In November 2007, the Companys Board approved a buy-back of up to US$50 million of its
American Depositary Shares, each of which represents one share of the Companys ordinary shares. As
of December 31, 2007, the Company had spent an aggregate purchase consideration of approximately
US$14.6 million (including transaction costs), and had repurchased approximately 0.6 million of
outstanding ADSs which were retired by the Company. The share repurchase program ended on June 23,
2008.
16. INVESTMENT BY EA
In May 2007, Electronic Arts Inc. (EA) made an equity investment in the Company to subscribe
and purchase the Companys ordinary shares with an aggregate purchase price of US$167 million.
Proceeds amounting to US$164 million, net of transaction costs of US$3.0 million, were recorded
into ordinary share capital and additional paid-in capital. After the investment by EA, EA owns
approximately 15% of the ordinary shares of the Company.
17. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
The full-time employees of the Companys subsidiaries and VIE subsidiaries that are
incorporated in the PRC are entitled to staff welfare benefits, including medical care, welfare
subsidies, unemployment insurance and pension benefits. These companies are required to accrue for
these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees salaries in accordance with the
relevant regulations, and to make contributions to the state-sponsored pension and medical plans
out of the amounts accrued for medical and pension benefits. The total amounts charged to the
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for such employee benefits amounted
to RMB7,004,595, RMB10,910,018 and RMB17,729,141 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and
2007, respectively. The PRC government is responsible for the medical benefits and ultimate
pension liability to these employees.
18. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
On December 15, 2004, in connection with its initial public offering, the Company adopted a
share option plan that provides for the issuance of up to 1,345,430 ordinary shares. The share
option plan has a term of 5 years unless sooner terminated by shareholders and Board of Directors.
Under the share option plan, the directors may, at their discretion, grant any senior executives
(including directors) and employees of the Company, its subsidiaries and affiliated companies to
take up share options to subscribe for shares.
On December 15, 2004, the Company granted options to its employees and employees of 9Webzen
Shanghai that may be converted to 1,114,739 ordinary shares, of which 252,945 options vest immediately and the remaining options vest over periods ranging
from 2 to 4 years, at the exercise price of US$ 17.00 per share, the market price on the date of
grant. Those options can be exercised no later than November 25, 2009.
F-42
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
On June 13, 2005 and October 5, 2005, the Company granted options to its employees and
directors that may be converted to 64,000 and 28,600 ordinary shares at the exercise price of
US$20.49 and US$17.50 per share, respectively, the market prices on the dates of grant. Those
options can be exercised no later than November 25, 2009. The options granted in 2005 will vest
over periods ranging from 2 to 4 years.
On February 20, 2006, the Company granted options to its employees that may be converted to
212,352 ordinary shares at the exercise price of US$19.96 per share, the market price on the date
of grant. Those options can be exercised no later than November 25, 2009. The options granted in
2006 will vest over 3 years.
On March 6, 2007 and May 31, 2007, the Company granted options to certain of our employees and
directors under the 2004 option plan to purchase 187,500 and 1,010,000 of its ordinary shares at
the exercise price of US$30.90 and US$38.54 per share, respectively. Those options granted on March
6, 2007 can be exercised no later than March 6, 2012 and those options granted on May 6, 2007 can
be exercised no later than May 31, 2012 respectively. The options granted in 2007 will vest over 2
to 3 years.
In December 2006, the Company increased the ordinary shares reserved under the 2004 option
plan to 2,449,614 shares, and extended the term of the plan from five years to ten years.
The following table summarizes the Companys share option activities with its employees and
directors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-Average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remaining |
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year ended |
|
|
Weighted-Average |
|
|
Contractual Term |
|
|
Aggregate Intrinsic |
|
|
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
Exercise Price |
|
|
(years) |
|
|
value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at
January 1, 2007 |
|
|
672,186 |
|
|
|
US$ 17.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted |
|
|
1,197,500 |
|
|
|
US$ 37.34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised |
|
|
(179,436 |
) |
|
|
US$ 17.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited |
|
|
(55,547 |
) |
|
|
US$ 29.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
1,634,703 |
|
|
|
US$ 31.73 |
|
|
|
3.7 |
|
|
US$ |
1,668,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vested and
expected to vest
at December 31,
2007 |
|
|
1,600,526 |
|
|
|
US$ 31.78 |
|
|
|
3.7 |
|
|
US$ |
1,657,429 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable at
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
414,779 |
|
|
|
US$ 17.51 |
|
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
US$ |
1,579,371 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The options expected to vest are estimated by applying the pre-vesting forfeiture rate
assumptions to total unvested options.
The total intrinsic value of options exercised for the year ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and
2007 was nil, RMB56.3 million and RMB5.0 million
(US$0.7 million). The intrinsic value as of December 31, 2007 is calculated as the difference between the market
value at December 31, 2007 and the exercise price of the shares.
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the years 2005, 2006 and
2007 was US$6.30, US$7.78 and US$17.08, respectively.
F-43
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
A summary of the status of the Companys non-vested shares as of December 31, 2007, and
changes during the year ended December 31, 2007, are presented below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-Average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grant-Date Fair |
|
Non-vested Shares |
|
Number of shares |
|
|
Value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-vested at January 1, 2007 |
|
|
400,570 |
|
|
US$ |
7.73 |
|
Granted |
|
|
1,197,500 |
|
|
US$ |
17.08 |
|
Vested |
|
|
(324,703 |
) |
|
US$ |
7.71 |
|
Forfeited |
|
|
(53,443 |
) |
|
US$ |
12.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-vested at December 31,2007 |
|
|
1,219,924 |
|
|
US$ |
16.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No share-based compensation expense or deferred compensation was recognized for the year ended
December 31, 2005 for options granted to the Companys employees under APB 25 as the exercise
prices equal the fair value of the shares on the dates of grant.
For the year ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, the Company recorded share-based compensation
of RMB17,739,543, RMB46,728,166 (US$6,405,857) for options granted to the Companys employees and
directors under SFAS 123R. There were no capitalized share-based compensation costs during the
year ended December 31, 2006. As a result of adopting SFAS 123R, the Companys income from
operations and net income was RMB17,739,543 and RMB41,468,719 (US$5,684,852) lower for the year
ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, than if the Company had continued to account for share-based
compensation under APB 25. The implementation of SFAS 123R reduced basic and diluted earnings per
share by RMB0.73 and RMB0.72, RMB1.51 and RMB1.50, respectively, for the year ended December 31,
2006 and 2007. During the year ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, the adoption of SFAS 123R did not
result in any impact on the cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and
financing activities.
As of December 31, 2007, there was approximately RMB116.2 million (US$15.9 million) of
unrecognized compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, related to non-vested
stock-based awards granted to the Companys employees. This cost is expected to be recognized over
a weighted-average period of 2.32 years. Total unrecognized compensation cost may be adjusted for
future changes in estimated forfeitures.
19. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES
During the years presented, the Group entered into various transactions with its affiliated
company, 9Webzen Hong Kong as follows:
Master Agreements. The9 Computer, 9Webzen Shanghai and Shanghai IT have entered into a
master agreement in connection with operating MU in China and providing services to customers
jointly. Under the agreement, The9 Computer acts as the technical service provider of Pass9,
which is the membership management and payment system used in online game operation; 9Webzen
Shanghai acts as the exclusive licensee of MU in China and the technical service provider for the
operation of
F-44
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
MU; and Shanghai IT acts as the provider of a domain name and Internet content provider. The parties share the revenue generated by MU in China pursuant to the
revenue-sharing provisions set forth in the agreement, which are (i) Shanghai IT is entitled to
the amounts being RMB10 per user per month but in any case no more than 5.5% of the net revenue;
(ii) The9 Computer is entitled to 5% of net revenue; and (iii) 9Webzen Shanghai is entitled to the
rest of the revenue after deducting the portions allocated to Shanghai IT and The9 Computer. Each
party is then subject to sales tax at a rate of 5% and related surcharges on their respective
revenue entitlements. In October 2006, The9 Computer, 9Webzen Shanghai and Shanghai IT have
entered into a supplementary agreement. Under the supplementary agreement, The9 Computer has
ceased being the technical service provider of Pass9 for 9Webzen and no longer shares in the
revenue generated from the operation of MU since October 1, 2006.
In the year ended December 31, 2003, the Group purchased certain computers and equipment from
Shanghai SMEC Development Corporation (SMEC) on behalf of 9Webzen Hong Kong and 9Webzen
Shanghai. SMEC was partially owned by a shareholder of Shanghai IT. The then-owner disposed of
his interest in SMEC in January 2004 to a party not related to the Group. Thereafter, the balance
and transactions with SMEC are no longer treated as related party balances and transactions.
In December 2005, the Group entered into an agreement with Webzen Inc., to sell 21% interest
in 9Webzen Hong Kong to Webzen Inc. (Note 7.1<1>). The Group recognized gain of approximately
RMB6.7 million from the disposal of the 21% equity interest.
In 2005 and 2006, the Group purchased some equipments and vehicles from 9Webzen Shanghai.
In connection with the investment in GFD, Spring Asia, as a 30% shareholder, was to provide a
12-month interest-free loan amounted to US$1.5 million to GFD and Spring Asia is entitled to 1% of
the WoW-related revenue of GFD as technical support fees. Spring Asia has extended a US$1.5
million shareholder loan to GFD at December 31, 2005 and has recognized revenue of RMB289,825 and
RMB1,721,816 in relation to the 1% technical support fees in 2005 and 2006, respectively.
In December 2006, the Group has entered into an agreement with a third party to sell 100%
interest in Spring Asia which mainly includes US$1.5 million equity investment in GFD and US$1.5
million receivable from GFD for a total consideration of
US$6,965,825. The payment was guaranteed
by IAH, one of the Companys equity investee. US$1 million was received in December 2006 and US$5
million was received in 2007.
Significant outstanding amounts due to related parties as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 were
as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
December 31, |
|
December 31, |
|
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts due to
9Webzen Hong Kong
and 9Webzen
Shanghai |
|
|
332,797 |
|
|
|
77,052 |
|
|
|
10,563 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-45
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
Significant related party transactions for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006, and 2007
were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loan to GFD |
|
|
12,105,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share revenue from 9Webzen |
|
|
5,868,266 |
|
|
|
1,078,202 |
|
|
|
782,340 |
|
|
|
107,249 |
|
Game technical support
fee income from GFD |
|
|
289,825 |
|
|
|
1,721,816 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed assets purchased
from 9Webzen Shanghai |
|
|
10,333,945 |
|
|
|
989,411 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sale of 21% equity
interest in 9Webzen Hong
Kong to Webzen Inc. |
|
|
22,193,050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share have been calculated in accordance
with SFAS 128 as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
For the year ended |
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
Numerator: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
72,471,687 |
|
|
|
312,477,048 |
|
|
|
240,891,954 |
|
|
|
33,023,325 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator for basic earnings per share
weighted-average shares outstanding |
|
|
24,192,113 |
|
|
|
24,456,507 |
|
|
|
27,406,263 |
|
|
|
27,406,263 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dilutive effect of share options |
|
|
612,884 |
|
|
|
109,440 |
|
|
|
234,363 |
|
|
|
234,363 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator for diluted earnings per share |
|
|
24,804,997 |
|
|
|
24,565,947 |
|
|
|
27,640,626 |
|
|
|
27,640,626 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings per share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Basic |
|
|
3.00 |
|
|
|
12.78 |
|
|
|
8.79 |
|
|
|
1.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Diluted |
|
|
2.92 |
|
|
|
12.72 |
|
|
|
8.72 |
|
|
|
1.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-46
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
21. CERTAIN RISKS AND CONCENTRATION
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Group to significant concentrations of
credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and prepayments
and other current assets. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, substantially all of the Groups cash
and cash equivalents were held by major financial institutions, which management believes are of
high credit quality.
In the year ended December 31, 2007, total revenue from WoW operations of RMB1,243,630,836 for
online game services and WoW-related product sales represented
approximately 92% of total revenues. In
the year ended December 31, 2006, total revenue from WoW operations of RMB1,028,989,688 for online
game services and WoW-related product sales represented approximately
99% of total revenues. In the
year ended December 31, 2005, total revenue from WoW operations of RMB478,748,763 for online game
services and WoW-related product sales represented approximately 98% total revenues.
22. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Operating lease commitments
The Group has entered into operating lease arrangements relating to the use of certain
premises and internet data centres. Future minimum lease payments for non-cancellable operating
leases as of December 31, 2007 are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than 1 year |
|
|
43,660,623 |
|
|
|
5,985,335 |
|
Between 1 and 2 years |
|
|
6,043,951 |
|
|
|
828,551 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
49,704,574 |
|
|
|
6,813,886 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total rental expenses amounted to RMB36,424,898, RMB61,457,636 and RMB85,323,798 for the years
ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Other contractual obligations
In addition to the leasing and contractual obligations set forth above, the Group has
contractual obligations under various license agreements to pay the licensors license fees and
royalties based on the face value of the online game cards and online points sold by the Group.
The following table sets forth our committed advance payments of minimum royalties from sales of
WoW playing time in China as of December 31, 2007.
(a) WoW
minimum royalty fees (fixed amount)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than 1 year |
|
|
37,612,687 |
|
|
|
5,156,237 |
|
F-47
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RMB |
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited, Note 3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Between 1 and 2 years |
|
|
37,612,687 |
|
|
|
5,156,237 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
75,225,374 |
|
|
|
10,312,474 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(b) License
fees, minimum royalty fees and guaranteed marketing expenses
commitment (with fixed amount, games other than WoW)
Other than WoW-related royalty payment obligations, as of December 31, 2007, the total
outstanding license fees, guaranteed minimum royalty fees and marketing expenses the Group was
required to pay within the next five years under other license agreements were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
US$ |
|
|
|
|
|
License fees |
|
|
10,900,000 |
|
Minimum royalty fees |
|
|
69,948,134 |
|
Guaranteed marketing expenses |
|
|
20,000,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100,848,134 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(c) Marketing
expense, licenses fees and minimum royalties (with variable amount, WoW and other games)
In
addition to the above guaranteed marketing expenses, the Group has committed to incur marketing
expenses on WOW amounting to 5% of WOWs gross sales for the period from January 1, 2007 to June 9,
2009.
The
Group has agreed with G10 Entertainment Korea Corp. to pay a license fee of US$1 million for
every US$10 million of Audition 2s gross sales revenue accumulated, subject to the maximum that
the accumulative amount shall not exceed US$8 million.
The
Group has agreed with Webzen Inc. to pay a minimum royalty guarantee of US$10 million per
year for Huxley if certain criteria are met. The Group has also agreed with Webzen Inc. to incur
marketing expenses related to Huxley of an amount which is within the range of US$1.5 million to
US$3 million for the first year after the execution of the license agreement with Webzen Inc., and
similar amounts to be agreed upon between Webzen Inc. and the Group for each of the two years
thereafter.
Contingencies
The PRC laws and regulations currently limit foreign ownership of companies that provide
Internet content services, which include operating online games. In addition, foreign invested
enterprises are currently not eligible to apply for the required licenses for operating online
games in the PRC. The Company is incorporated in the Cayman Islands and considered as a foreign
entity under the PRC laws. Due to the restrictions on foreign ownership on the provision of online
games, the Company is dependent on the licenses held by Shanghai IT to conduct its online games
business through its subsidiary in the PRC. Shanghai IT holds the necessary licenses and approvals
that are essential for the online game business. The9 Computer has entered into contractual
arrangements with Shanghai IT for use of its relevant licenses and websites. Shanghai IT is
principally owned by certain same shareholders as the Company. Pursuant to certain other
agreements and undertakings, the Company in substance controls Shanghai IT. In the opinion of the
Companys directors, the Companys current ownership structures and its contractual arrangements
with Shanghai IT, and its equity owners as well as its operations, are in compliance with all
existing PRC laws and regulations. However, there may be changes and other developments in the PRC
laws and regulations or their interpretation. Accordingly, the Company cannot be assured that the
PRC government authorities will not take a view in the future contrary to the
F-48
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
opinion of the Companys directors. If the current ownership structures of the Group and its
contractual arrangements with Shanghai IT were found to be in violation of any existing or future
PRC laws or regulations, the Group may be required to restructure its ownership structure and
operations in the PRC to comply with changing or new PRC laws and regulations.
On June 18, 2007, Beijing Beida Founder Electronics Company (Founder) filed a lawsuit in the
Beijing High Court against two other companies and two of wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Group,
alleging that the defendants had, through a game that the two subsidiaries licensed and are
operating, infringed on its intellectual property rights with respect to certain of its copyrighted
fonts. The plaintiff in the case demanded, among others, that the defendants cease such alleged
infringing use and pay RMB100 million for its alleged losses.
The Group intends to assert its rights
in the court of law. Based on the on-going assessment by the Groups management and external legal
counsel, the management believes that the likelihood for the Companies to pay compensation is
probable and amount of compensation estimated by the external legal counsel and management is
measurable. As a result, the management considers that this has met the criteria set forth under
FASB Statement No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies to record an accrual for this litigation. The
Group accrued RMB1.15 million in 2007 pursuant to the Companys estimate, which is based on advice
from its external legal counsel. The amount of compensation to Founder is subject to the final
result of the litigation, which is still in process.
23. Recent accounting pronouncements
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets
and Financial Liabilities (SFAS 159) which permits entities to choose to measure many financial
instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at
fair value. SFAS 159 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2008. The Group is currently
evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS 159 on its financial position, cash flows, and results of
operations.
In December 2007, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in
Consolidated Financial Statementsan amendment of ARB No. 51 (SFAS 160). SFAS 160 amends ARB No.
51 to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary
and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. This Statement is effective for fiscal years and
interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Group will
adopt this statement in the fiscal year 2009 and its effect on future periods will depend on the
nature and significance of any new equity investments subject to this statement.
In December 2007, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 141 (Revised 2007), Business Combinations
(SFAS 141R). SFAS 141R provides additional guidance on improving the relevance, representational
faithfulness, and comparability of the financial information that a reporting entity provides in
its financial reports about a business combination and its effects. This statement applies
prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning
of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Group will adopt
this statement in the fiscal year 2009 and its effect on future periods will depend on the nature
and significance of any new equity investments subject to this statement.
F-49
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
In December 2007, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 110, codified as SAB
Topic 14, Share-based payment. SAB No. 110 states that the SEC staff will continue to accept,
under certain circumstances, the use of the simplified method in developing an estimate of expected
term of plain vanilla share options in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard
No. 123 (revised 2004) and SAB No. 107 beyond December 31, 2007. The adoption of SAB No. 110 did
not require any adjustments to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended 2007.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS 157, Fair Value Measurement. SFAS 157 defines fair
value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and enhances disclosures about fair value
measurements. The adoption of SFAS 157 will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal
years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Group
is evaluating the impact adopting SFAS 157 will have on its financial statements. In February
2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157.
FSP 157-2 provides a one-year deferral of the effective date of FASB Statement 157, Fair Value
Measurements, for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are
recognised or disclosed in financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis. The deferral
is not available, however, to entities that issued interim or annual financial statements
reflecting the measurement and disclosure provisions of Statement 157 before February 12, 2008.
In March 2008, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 161, or FASB 161, Disclosures about
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. FASB 161 is intended to improve financial reporting
about derivative instruments and hedging activities by requiring enhanced disclosures to enable
investors to better understand their effects on an entitys financial position, financial
performance and cash flows. It is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and
interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early application encouraged. The Group has
not yet begun the process of assessing the potential impact the adoption of FASB 161 may have on
the consolidated financial position or results of operations.
In April 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) FAS 142-3, Determination of the
Useful Life of Intangible Assets. This statement states that in developing assumptions about
renewal or extension used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset, an entity
shall consider its own historical experience in renewing or extending similar arrangements;
however, these assumptions should be adjusted for the entity-specific factors. This FSP will be
effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and
interim periods within those fiscal years. The Group is currently assessing the impact of adopting
FSP No.142-3.
In May 2008, the FASB issued FAS No. 162 The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles (FAS 162). FAS 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework
for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of
nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles in the United States. FAS 162 is effective sixty days following the SECs approval of
PCAOB amendments to AU Section 411, The Meaning of Present fairly in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles. The Company does not expect the adoption of FAS 162 will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.
F-50
THE9 LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005, 2006 AND 2007
24. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
<1>Investment in Ideas Corporation (Ideas)
In January 2008, the Group, through its subsidiary, acquired 17% redeemable and convertible
preferred shares and 17% ordinary shares in Ideas, a Korea company in game developing industry, for
US$3.5 million (including transaction cost). The Group also obtained
a license agreement from Ideas for a game titled Burn the Floor.
<2>Investment in G10 Entertainment Corp.(G10)
In April 2008, the Group, acquired the minority equity of G10, a Korea company, in game
developing industry by approximately US$38 million.
<3>Licensing of Atlantica
In April 2008, the Group entered into an agreement with NDOORS Corporation (Ndoors),
pursuant to which the Group has obtained an exclusive license from Ndoors to operate the Atlantica
game, a 3D massive multiplayer online role-playing game in mainland China.
<4>Share Repurchase Programs
On November 20, 2007, The9 announced its Board of Directors has authorized a buy-back of up to
US$50 million of its American Depositary Shares (ADSs). For the period from January 1 to June
23, 2008, the end of the share repurchase program, the Group spent a total purchase consideration
of approximately US$24.7 million (including transaction costs) to repurchase approximately 1.2
million ADSs. The share repurchase program ended on June 23, 2008.
F-51