Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-Q

For Quarterly Period Ended December 31, 2018

Or

For the Transition Period From               to               

Commission File Number 0-14602

CYANOTECH CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

73-4460 Queen Kaahumanu Hwy. #102, Kailua-Kona, HI 96740

(Address of principal executive offices)

 (808) 326-1353

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes ☒  No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐  No ☒

As of February 12, 2019, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s sole class of common stock, par value $0.02 per share, was 5,836,110.

CYANOTECH CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

INDEX

Cyanotech Corporation (the “Company”), located in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, was incorporated in the state of Nevada on March 3, 1983 and is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “CYAN”. The Company is engaged in the production of natural products derived from microalgae for the nutritional supplements market.

The Company is an agricultural company that produces high value natural products derived from microalgae grown in complex and intricate open-pond agricultural systems on the Kona coast of Hawaii.  The Company's products include Hawaiian Spirulina Pacifica, a superfood with numerous benefits, including boosting the immune system and overall cellular health; and Hawaiian BioAstin, a powerful antioxidant shown to support and maintain the body's natural inflammatory response.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). These interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments and accruals) necessary to present fairly the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the periods presented in accordance with GAAP.

Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2018 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2018, contained in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on June 15, 2018. 

Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cyanotech Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary, Nutrex Hawaii, Inc. (“Nutrex Hawaii” or “Nutrex”, collectively the “Company”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of any contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods reported.  Management reviews these estimates and assumptions periodically and reflects the effect of revisions in the period that they are determined to be necessary.  Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Cash and Restricted Cash

The Company considers only its monetary liquid assets with original maturities of three months or less as cash and cash equivalents. Proceeds from equipment loans are classified as restricted cash until drawn upon. 

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and restricted cash reported within the Company's consolidated balance sheets to the total amount presented in the consolidated statement of cash flows:

Concentration of Accounts Receivable and Revenues

At December 31, 2018, 67% of the Company’s accounts receivable was comprised of two customer balances of 43% and 24%, respectively. At March 31, 2018, 76% of the Company’s accounts receivable was comprised of three customer balances of 45%, 16% and 15%, respectively. Two customers accounted for 66% of total net sales for the three months ended December 31, 2018, comprised of 35% and 31%, respectively. Two customers accounted for 50% of total net sales for the three months ended December 31, 2017, comprised of 26% and 24%, respectively. Two customers accounted for 62% of total net sales for the nine months ended December 31, 2018, comprised of 35% and 27%, respectively. Two customers accounted for 47% of total net sales for the nine months ended December 31, 2017, comprised of 30% and 17%, respectively.

Revenue Recognition

The Company records revenue based on the five-step model which includes: (1) identifying the contract with the customer; (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determining the transaction price; (4) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (5) recognizing revenue when the performance obligations are satisfied. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is generated by fulfilling orders for the purchase of our micro algal nutritional supplements to retailers, wholesalers, or direct to consumers via online channels, with each order considered to be a distinct performance obligation. These orders may be formal purchase orders, verbal phone orders, e-mail orders or orders received online. Shipping and handling activities for which the Company is responsible under the terms and conditions of the order are not accounted for as performance obligations but as fulfillment costs. These activities are required to fulfill the Company’s promise to transfer the goods and are expensed when revenue is recognized. The impact of this policy election is insignificant as it aligns with our current practice.

Revenue is measured as the net amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for fulfilling a performance obligation. The Company has elected to exclude sales, use and similar taxes from the measurement of the transaction price.  The impact of this policy election is insignificant, as it aligns with our current practice. The amount of consideration expected to be received and revenue recognized includes estimates of variable consideration, which includes costs for trade promotion programs, coupons, returns and early payment discounts.  Such estimates are calculated using historical averages adjusted for any expected changes due to current business conditions and experience. The Company reviews and updates these estimates at the end of each reporting period and the impact of any adjustments are recognized in the period the adjustments are identified. In assessing whether collection of consideration from a customer is probable, the Company considers the customer's ability and intent to pay that amount of consideration when it is due. Payment of invoices is due as specified in the underlying customer agreement, typically 30 days from the invoice date, which occurs on the date of transfer of control of the products to the customer. Revenue is recognized at the point in time that control of the ordered products is transferred to the customer. Generally, this occurs when the product is delivered, or in some cases, picked up from one of our distribution centers by the customer.

Customer contract liabilities consist of customer deposits received in advance of fulfilling an order and are shown separately on the consolidated balance sheets. During the three-month periods ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company recognized $0 and $20,000, respectively, of revenue from deposits that were included in contract liabilities as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, respectively. During the nine-month periods ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company recognized $114,000 and $91,000, respectively, of revenue from deposits that were included in contract liabilities as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, respectively. The Company’s contracts have a duration of one year or less and therefore, the Company has elected the practical expedient of not disclosing revenues allocated to partially unsatisfied performance obligations.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table represents revenue disaggregated by product in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

Reclassification

Certain amounts previously reported in the fiscal 2018 consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform with the fiscal 2019 financial presentation. These reclassifications have no impact on net income.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting ("ASU No. 2017-09"). ASU No. 2017-09 will clarify and reduce both (i) diversity in practice and (ii) cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718, to a change to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment award. This guidance became effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments in ASU No. 2017-09 are applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. The Company adopted this standard as of April 1, 2018 with no impact on its consolidated financial statements. 

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash” (“ASU No. 2016-18”).  This update addresses the fact that diversity exists in the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows under Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows. ASU No. 2016-18 became effective for public companies for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this standard as of April 1, 2018 by using the retrospective method, which required reclassification of restricted cash in the accompanying consolidated statement of cash flows as of the beginning of the period for the nine months ended December 31, 2018. 

In August 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” (“ASU No. 2016-15”). ASU No. 2016-15 clarifies and provides specific guidance on eight cash flow classification issues that are not currently addressed by current GAAP and thereby reduces the current diversity in practice. ASU No. 2016-15 is effective for public business entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this standard as of April 1, 2018 with no impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. 

In May 2014, the FASB issued their converged standard on revenue recognition, Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”("ASU No. 2014-09"), updated in December 2016 with the release of ASU 2016-20. This standard outlines a single comprehensive model for companies to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle of the revenue model is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods and services in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods and services. In addition, the new standard requires that reporting companies disclose the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.  In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No 2015-14 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date," which deferred the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017.

The new revenue standard is required to be applied either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or prospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of the initial application, supplemented with certain disclosures related to the effect of adoption on previously reported amounts, if any (the modified retrospective method). The Company adopted the standard on April 1, 2018 for contracts that were not completed before the adoption date, using the modified retrospective method.  The Company has evaluated the effect of the standard and concluded it is not material to the timing or amount of revenues or expenses recognized in the Company’s historical consolidated financial statements. As a result, the Company has concluded that the application of the standard does not have a material effect that requires a retrospective adjustment to any previously reported amounts in the Company’s historical consolidated financial statements for reporting disclosure purposes.

 Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-18 – Collaborative Arrangements, which clarifies that certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for as revenue when the collaborative arrangement participant is a customer in the context of a unit of account and precludes recognizing as revenue consideration received from a collaborative arrangement participant if the participant is not a customer. This ASU will be effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 with early adoption permitted. This ASU requires retrospective adoption to the date we adopted ASC 606, April 1, 2018, by recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings of the earliest annual period presented. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on its financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract” (“ASU No. 2018-15”), which aligns the capitalization requirements for implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the existing capitalization requirements for implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (Subtopic 350-40). ASU 2018-15 becomes effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and may be adopted either retrospectively or prospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on its financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Framework (Topic 820)” (“ASU No. 2018-13”). The updated guidance improves the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The updated guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures. The Company is currently assessing the timing and impact of adopting the updated provisions.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)” (“ASU No. 2018-07”): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU No. 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from non-employees, and as a result, the accounting for share-based payments to non-employees will be substantially aligned. ASU No. 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of Topic 606. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new guidance will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU No. 2016-02”). The principle objective of ASU No. 2016-02 is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet. ASU No. 2016-02 continues to retain a distinction between finance and operating leases but requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms greater than twelve months. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 is permitted. Entities were required to apply the amendments at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. This guidance is applicable to the Company’s fiscal year beginning April 1, 2019. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10 “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” (“ASU No. 2018-02”).  ASU No. 2018-02 affects narrow aspects of the guidance issued in the amendments in ASU No. 2016-02 including those regarding residual value guarantees, rate implicit in the lease, lessee reassessment of lease classification, lessor reassessment of lease term and purchase option, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, investment tax credits, lease term and purchase option, transition guidance for amounts previously recognized in business combinations, certain transition adjustments, transition guidance for leases previously classified as capital leases under Topic 840, transition guidance for modifications to leases previously classified as direct financing or sales-type leases under Topic 840, transition guidance for sale and leaseback transactions, impairment of net investment in the lease, unguaranteed residual asset, effect of initial direct costs on rate implicit in the lease, and failed sale and leaseback transactions.  In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, "Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements," which provides entities with an additional (and optional) transition method to adopt the new leases standard. Under this method, an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Consequently, the prior comparative period’s financials will remain the same as those previously presented. Entities that elect this optional transition method must provide the disclosures that were previously required. The Company expects it will elect this optional transition method. The Company has selected resources to track and record leases and is starting the assessment and valuation process by evaluating the population of leases under the revised definition of what qualifies as a leased asset, and expects to have the assessment completed by March 2019. The Company is the lessee under various agreements for facilities and equipment that are currently accounted for as operating and capital leases. The Company expects this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated balance sheets due to the recognition of lease rights and obligations as assets and liabilities, respectively. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated results of operations and cash flows. 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out method. Inventories consist of the following:

The Company recognizes abnormal production costs, including fixed cost variances from normal production capacity, as an expense in the period incurred. Abnormal costs related to spirulina production of $0 and $250,000 were charged to cost of sales for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively. There were no abnormal production costs for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017. Non-inventoriable fixed costs related to production of $35,000 (astaxanthin) and $176,000 ($35,000 astaxanthin and $141,000 spirulina) were charged to cost of sales for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively. Non-inventoriable fixed costs related to spirulina production of $4,000 and $88,000 were charged to cost of sales for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, respectively.

Equipment and leasehold improvements consist of the following:

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount to forecasted undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount exceeds its estimated future cash flows, then an impairment charge is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value. Management has determined no asset impairment existed as of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively.

On November 30, 2018 the Company completed the purchase of a six acre production and research facility from Cellana LLC (“Cellana”) under a purchase agreement that was signed August 31, 2018. In accordance with the terms of the third amendment to the asset purchase agreement, the Company acquired the asset for $495,000 with a cash down payment of $100,000 leaving a short-term obligation of $395,000 on the asset purchase.

The short -term obligation is comprised of two separate loans in the principal amount of $180,000 and $215,000. The first loan of $180,000 bears an interest rate of 6.25% and is payable in four monthly installments which includes principal and interest. The loan commenced on December 1, 2018 and matures on March 31, 2019. The principal amount outstanding at December 31, 2018 was $137,000.

The second loan in the amount of $215,000 is a non-interest bearing loan that is payable in twelve monthly installments comprised of two monthly payments of $10,000 and ten monthly payments of $19,543. The loan commenced on December 1, 2018 and matures on October 15, 2019. This contract contains a hold back of $38,000 pending resolution of certain closing items by the seller. The principal amount outstanding at December 31, 2018 was $195,000.

On August 30, 2016, the Revolving Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), which the Company and First Foundation Bank (“the Bank”) entered into on June 3, 2016, became effective after the Company and the Bank received the necessary approvals from the State of Hawaii to secure the lien on the Company’s leasehold property in Kona, Hawaii. The Credit Agreement allows the Company to borrow up to $2,000,000 on a revolving basis. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at the Wall Street Journal prime rate (5.50% at December 31, 2018) plus 2%, floating. The Credit Agreement includes various covenants as defined in the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement also contains standard acceleration provisions in the event of a default by the Company. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had borrowed $1,750,000 and had $250,000 available on the line. The line of credit is subject to annual renewal and was renewed on August 30, 2018 and will be subject to renewal upon expiration on August 30, 2019. Pursuant to the August 30, 2018 renewal, the current ratio covenant was changed from 2.10:1 to 1.50:1 and is applicable to both the Line of Credit and Long-Term Debt with the Bank.

The Credit Agreement grants the Bank the following security interests in the Company’s property: (a) a lien on the Company’s leasehold interest in its Kona facility; (b) an assignment of the Company’s interest in leases and rents on its Kona facility; and (c) a security interest in all fixtures, furnishings and equipment related to or used by the Company at the Kona facility. Each security interest is further subject to the terms of the Credit Agreement.

Accrued expenses consist of the following:

Long-term debt consists of the following:

Term Loans

On August 14, 2012, the Company entered into a loan agreement (the “August 2012 Loan Agreement”) that provides a term loan in an aggregate principal amount of $5,500,000 which is secured by substantially all the Company’s assets, including a mortgage on the Company's interest in its lease at the National Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority. The August 2012 Loan Agreement is partially guaranteed under the provisions of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) Rural Development Guarantee program.

In accordance with terms of the August 2012 Loan Agreement, monthly payments of principal and interest are required until the loan’s maturity on August 14, 2032. Interest on the loan accrues on the outstanding principal balance at an annual variable rate equal to the published Wall Street Journal prime rate (5.50% at December 31, 2018) plus 1.0% and is adjustable on the first day of each calendar quarter and fixed for that quarter. At no time shall the annual interest rate be less than 5.50%. The balance under the August 2012 Loan Agreement was $4,492,000 and $4,648,000 at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively.

The Loan includes a one-time origination and guaranty fees totaling $214,500 and an annual renewal fee payable in the amount of 0.25% of the USDA guaranteed portion of the outstanding principal balance as of December 31 of each year, beginning December 31, 2012. The USDA has guaranteed 80% of all amounts owing under the August 2012 Loan Agreement. The Company is subject to financial covenants and customary affirmative and negative covenants.  

On July 30, 2015, the Company entered into a loan agreement (the “2015 Loan Agreement”) that provides a term loan in an aggregate principal amount of $2,500,000 and is secured by all the Company’s assets. The 2015 Loan Agreement is partially guaranteed under the provisions of the USDA Rural Development Guarantee program.

In accordance with terms in the 2015 Loan Agreement, payment of principal and interest are required until its maturity on September 1, 2022. Interest on the loan accrues on the outstanding principal balance at an annual variable rate equal to the published Wall Street Journal prime rate (5.50% at December 31, 2018) plus 2.0% and is adjustable on the first day of each calendar quarter and fixed for that quarter.

 The 2015 Loan includes a one-time origination and guaranty fee totaling $113,900 and an annual renewal fee payable in the amount of 0.50% of the USDA guaranteed portion of the outstanding principal balance as of December 31 of each year, beginning December 31, 2015. The USDA has guaranteed 80% of all amounts owing under the 2015 Loan. The Company is subject to financial covenants and customary affirmative and negative covenants.

At no time shall the annual interest rate be less than 6.00%. The 2015 Loan Agreement has a prepayment penalty of 5% for any prepayment made prior to the first anniversary of the date of the loan and each year thereafter the penalty is reduced by 1% each year until the fifth anniversary of such date when there will no longer be a prepayment penalty. The balance under the 2015 Loan Agreement was $1,475,000 and $1,726,000 at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively.

On October 6, 2017, the Company entered into an Equipment Finance Agreement (the “Equipment Agreement”), which provides up to $175,000 of financing for equipment. The interest rate on this loan is 4.75%. In accordance with terms in the Equipment Agreement, payment of principle and interest are required until its maturity on October 31, 2022. The balance under this loan was $134,000 and $156,000 at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively. 

Capital Leases 

The Company has three capital leases providing for $278,000 in equipment, secured by the equipment financed. The capital leases mature at various dates between May 2019 and March 2021 and are payable in 60 equal monthly payments, except for one which is payable in 36 equal monthly payments. The interest rates under these capital leases range from 4.18% to 12.90%. The aggregate balances under these leases were $98,000 and $148,000 at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively.

From time to time, the Company may be involved in litigation and investigations relating to claims and matters arising out of its operations in the normal course of business. The Company believes that it currently is not a party to any legal proceedings or claims which, individually or in aggregate, would have a material effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. 

The Company has share-based compensation plans, which are more fully described in Note 9, Share-Based Compensation, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on June 15, 2018.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had two equity-based compensation plans: the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) and the 2014 Independent Director Stock Option and Restricted Stock Grant Plan (the “2014 Directors Plan”). The Company has also issued stock options, which remain outstanding as of December 31, 2018, under two equity-based compensation plans which have expired according to their terms: the 2005 Stock Option Plan (the “2005 Plan”) and the 2004 Independent Director Stock Option and Stock Grant Plan (the “2004 Directors Plan”). These plans allowed the Company to award stock options and shares of restricted common stock to eligible employees, certain outside consultants and independent directors. No additional awards will be issued under the 2005 Plan or the 2004 Directors Plan. 

The following table presents shares authorized, available for future grant and outstanding under each of the Company’s plans:

Stock Options

All stock option grants made under the equity-based compensation plans were issued at exercise prices no less than the Company’s closing stock price on the date of grant, determined by the Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors in accordance with the provisions of the respective plans.  The terms of each option grant include vesting, exercise, and other conditions set forth in a Stock Option Agreement evidencing each grant. No option can have a life in excess of ten (10) years. The Company records compensation expense for employee stock options based on the estimated fair value of the options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The model requires various assumptions, including a risk-free interest rate, the expected term of the options, the expected stock price volatility over the expected term of the options, and the expected dividend yield. Compensation expense for employee stock options is recognized ratably over the vesting term. Compensation expense recognized for options issued under all Plans was $18,000 and $54,000 for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively. Compensation expense recognized for options issued under all Plans was $13,000 and $47,000 for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, respectively. All stock-based compensation has been classified as general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

A summary of option activity under the Company’s stock plans for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 is presented below: 

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above is before applicable income taxes and represents the excess amount over the exercise price optionees would have received if all options had been exercised on the last business day of the period indicated, based on the Company’s closing stock price of $3.02 for such day.

A summary of the Company’s non-vested options for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 is presented below:

As of December 31, 2018, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to all unvested stock options was $127,000, which is expected to be expensed over a weighted average period of 1.6 years.

Subsequent to December 31, 2018, 50,000 stock options were granted from the 2016 Plan at an exercise price of $3.00 per share.

Restricted Stock

There were no grants of fully vested restricted stock issued to Non-Employee Directors for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Grants of fully vested restricted stock issued to Non-Employee Directors was 47,223 shares and 57,501 shares for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Compensation expense recognized for fully vested restricted stock was $0 and $170,000 for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively. Compensation expense recognized for fully vested restricted stock was $0 and $276,000 for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, respectively.

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) 

RSUs are service-based awards granted to eligible employees under the 2016 Plan. Compensation expense recognized for RSUs issued under the 2016 Plan was $20,000 and $58,000 for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively. Compensation expense recognized for RSUs issued under the 2016 Plan was $15,000 and $48,000 for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, respectively.

On July 13, 2018, 22,449 RSUs were awarded to employees of the Company. This award is valued at $4.0252 per share, the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date, and vests over a period of two years. 

The following table summarizes information related to awarded RSUs: 

As of December 31, 2018, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock units was $140,000, which is expected to be expensed over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.

On December 22, 2017 H.R. 1, originally known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, (the “Tax Act”) was enacted. Among the significant changes to the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, the Tax Act lowers the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate (“Federal Tax Rate”) from 34% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The Company will compute its income tax expense for the March 31, 2019 fiscal year using a Federal Tax Rate of 21%. The 21% Federal Tax Rate will apply to fiscal years ending March 31, 2019 and each year thereafter. The Company completed the accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Act as of March 31, 2018 and determined that the amount identified as provisional in the quarter ended December 31, 2017 was a materially correct amount. As a result, no measurement period adjustments have been recorded.

We utilize our estimated annual effective tax rate to determine our provision (benefit) for income taxes for interim periods. The income tax provision (benefit) is computed by multiplying the estimated annual effective tax rate by the year to date pre-tax book income (loss). We recorded an income tax expense of $73,000 and ($127,000) for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We recorded an income tax expense of $33,000 and income tax benefit of ($105,000) for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Our effective tax rate was 20.2% and (1.6%) for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively, and (13.0%) and (5.3%) for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 differs from the statutory rate of 21% as a result of state taxes (net of federal benefit) and the net change in valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset the Company believes is not more likely than not to be realized.

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and six state jurisdictions. The preparation of tax returns requires management to interpret the applicable tax laws and regulations in effect in such jurisdictions, which could affect the amount of tax paid by the Company. Management, in consultation with its tax advisors, files its tax returns based on interpretations that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The income tax returns, however, are subject to routine reviews by the various taxing authorities.  As part of these reviews, a taxing authority may disagree with respect to the tax positions taken by management (“uncertain tax positions”) and therefore may require the Company to pay additional taxes. Management evaluates the requirement for additional tax accruals, including interest and penalties, which the Company could incur as a result of the ultimate resolution of its uncertain tax positions. Management reviews and updates the accrual for uncertain tax positions as more definitive information becomes available from taxing authorities, completion of tax audits, expiration of statute of limitations, or upon occurrence of other events.

As of December 31, 2018, there was no liability for income tax associated with unrecognized tax benefits. The Company recognizes accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as well as any related penalties in interest income or expense in its consolidated condensed statements of operations, which is consistent with the recognition of these items in prior reporting periods.

With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, local, and non-U.S. income tax examination by tax authorities for tax years before 2013.

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the potentially dilutive effect of outstanding stock options using the “treasury stock” method.

Reconciliations between the numerator and the denominator of the basic and diluted earnings per share computations for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

Reconciliations between the numerator and the denominator of the basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share computations for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

Potentially dilutive securities include 75,000 outstanding options to purchase common stock for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 20,991 restricted stock units for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018. Diluted earnings per share does not include the impact of 75,000 options to purchase common stock for the three month period ended December 31, 2018, as the effect of their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. As a result of the net loss for the nine month period ended December 31, 2018, no potentially dilutive securities are included in the calculation of diluted loss per share because such effect would be anti-dilutive. Diluted earnings per share does not include the impact of 75,000 options to purchase common stock for the three and nine month period ended December 31, 2017, as the effect of their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. Restricted stock units become dilutive within the period granted and remain dilutive until the units vest and are issued as common stock.

During the nine months ended December 31, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with an effective date of May 5, 2018 with a vendor that employs one of our independent directors.  The Company’s independent director is not named in or involved in the performance of the consulting agreement. The contract amount of $120,000 is reflected in general and administrative expense during the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and $120,000 in payments have been made against the contract during the nine months ended December 31, 2018.