e10vk
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 1-11152
INTERDIGITAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Pennsylvania
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23-1882087 |
(State or other jurisdiction of
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(IRS Employer |
incorporation or organization)
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Identification No.) |
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781 Third Avenue
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King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
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19406-1409 |
(Address of principal executive offices)
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(Zip Code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code (610) 878-7800
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Common Stock (par value $.01 per share)
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NASDAQ |
(title of class)
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(name of exchange on which registered) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock Rights
(title of class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule
405 of the Securities Act. Yes
þ No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or
Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for
such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its
corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted
pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months
(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes
o No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§
229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge,
in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form
10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a
non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated
filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
(Check one):
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Large accelerated filer þ
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Accelerated filer o
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Non-accelerated filer o
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Smaller reporting company o |
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(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the
Act). Yes o No þ
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates
computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and
asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrants most recently
completed second fiscal quarter: $1,057,279,801 as of June 30, 2009.
The number of shares outstanding of the registrants common stock was 43,568,450 as of February
22, 2010.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrants definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A in
connection with the registrants 2010 annual meeting of shareholders are incorporated by reference
into Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of this Form 10-K.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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EXHIBIT 10.57 |
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EXHIBIT 10.63 |
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EXHIBIT 21 |
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EXHIBIT 23.1 |
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EXHIBIT 31.1 |
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EXHIBIT 31.2 |
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EXHIBIT 32.1 |
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EXHIBIT 32.2 |
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3
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
1xEV-DO
First Evolution Data Optimized. An evolution of cdma2000.
2G
Second Generation. A generic term usually used in reference to voice-oriented digital wireless
products, primarily mobile handsets, that provide basic voice services.
2.5G
A generic term usually used in reference to fully integrated voice and data digital wireless
devices offering higher data rate services and features compared to 2G.
3G
Third Generation. A generic term usually used in reference to the generation of digital mobile
devices and networks after 2G and 2.5G, which provide high speed data communications capability
along with voice services.
3GPP
3G Partnership Project. A partnership of worldwide accredited Standards organizations the purpose
of which is to draft specifications for Third Generation mobile telephony.
802.11
An IEEE Standard for wireless LAN interoperability. Letter appendages (i.e., 802.11 a/b/g) identify
various amendments to the Standards which denote different features and capabilities.
Air Interface
The wireless interface between a terminal unit and the base station or between wireless devices in
a communication system.
ANSI
American National Standards Institute. The United States national standards accreditation and
policy agency. ANSI monitors and provides oversight of all accredited U.S. Standards Development
Organizations to ensure they follow an open public process.
ATIS
Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions. An ANSI-accredited U.S.-based Standards
association which concentrates on developing and promoting technical/operational standards for the
communications and information technology industries worldwide.
Bandwidth
A range of frequencies that can carry a signal on a transmission medium, measured in Hertz and
computed by subtracting the lower frequency limit from the upper frequency limit.
Base Station
The central radio transmitter/receiver, or group of central radio transmitters/receivers, that
maintains communications with subscriber equipment sets within a given range (typically a cell
site).
4
CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access. A method of digital spread spectrum technology wireless
transmission that allows a large number of users to share access to a single radio channel by
assigning unique code sequences to each user.
cdmaOne
A wireless cellular system application based on 2G narrowband CDMA technologies (e.g., TIA/EIA-95).
cdma2000®
A Standard which evolved from narrowband CDMA technologies (i.e., TIA/EIA-95 and cdmaOne). The
CDMA family includes, without limitation, CDMA2000 1x, CDMA 1xEV-DO, CDMA2000 1xEV-DV and CDMA2000
3x. Although CDMA2000 1x is included under the IMT-2000 family of 3G Standards, its functionality
is similar to 2.5G technologies. CDMA2000
®
and cdma2000 ® are registered
trademarks of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA USA).
Chip
An electronic circuit that consists of many individual circuit elements integrated onto a single
substrate.
Chip Rate
The rate at which information signal bits are transmitted as a sequence of chips. The chip rate is
usually several times the information bit rate.
Circuit
The connection of channels, conductors and equipment between two given points through which an
electric current may be established.
Digital
Information transmission where the data is represented in discrete numerical form.
Digital Cellular
A cellular communications system that uses over-the-air digital transmission.
Duplex
A characteristic of data transmission; either full duplex or half duplex. Full duplex permits
simultaneous transmission in both directions of a communications channel. Half duplex means only
one transmission at a time.
EDGE
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution. Technology designed to deliver data at rates up to 473.6
Kbps, triple the data rate of GSM wireless services, and built on the existing GSM Standard and
core network infrastructure. EDGE systems built in Europe are considered a 2.5G technology.
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute. The Standards organization which drafts
Standards for Europe.
5
FDD
Frequency Division Duplex. A duplex operation using a pair of frequencies, one for transmission
and one for reception.
FDMA
Frequency Division Multiple Access. A technique in which the available transmission bandwidth of
a channel is divided into narrower frequency bands over fixed time intervals resulting in more
efficient voice or data transmissions over a single channel.
Frequency
The rate at which an electrical current or signal alternates, usually measured in Hertz.
GHz
Gigahertz. One gigahertz is equal to one billion cycles per second.
GPRS
General Packet Radio Systems. A packet-based wireless communications service that enables
high-speed wireless Internet and other data communications via GSM networks.
GSM
Global System for Mobile Communications. A digital cellular Standard, based on TDMA technology,
specifically developed to provide system compatibility across country boundaries.
Hertz
The unit of measuring radio frequency (one cycle per second).
HSDPA
High Speed Downlink Packet Access. An enhancement to WCDMA/UMTS technology optimized for high
speed packet-switched data and high-capacity circuit switched capabilities. A 3G technology
enhancement.
HSUPA
High Speed Uplink Packet Access. An enhancement to WCDMA technology that improves the performance
of the radio uplink to increase capacity and throughput, and to reduce delay.
iDEN®
Integrated Dispatch Enhanced Network. A proprietary TDMA Standards-based technology
which allows access to phone calls, paging and data from a single device. iDEN is a registered
trademark of Motorola, Inc.
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. A membership organization of engineers that
among its activities produces data communications standards.
IEEE 802
A Standards body within the IEEE that specifies communications protocols for both wired and
wireless local area and wide area networks (LAN/WAN).
6
IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force.
A large open international community of networks designers, operators, vendors,
and researchers concerned with the evolution
of Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet.
ITU
International Telecommunication Union. An international organization established by the United
Nations with membership from virtually every government in the world. Publishes recommendations for
engineers, designers, OEMs, and service providers through its three main activities: defining and
adoption of telecommunications standards; regulating the use of the radio frequency spectrum; and
furthering telecommunications development globally.
ITC
InterDigital Technology Corporation, one of our wholly-owned Delaware subsidiaries.
Kbps
Kilobits per Second. A measure of information-carrying capacity (i.e., the data transfer rate) of
a circuit, in thousands of bits per second.
Know-How
Technical information, technical data and trade secrets that derive value from the fact that they
are not generally known in the industry. Know-how can include, but is not limited to, designs,
drawings, prints, specifications, semiconductor masks, technical data, software, net lists,
documentation and manufacturing information.
LAN
Local Area Network. A private data communications network linking a variety of data devices
located in the same geographical area and which share files, programs and various devices.
LTE
Long Term Evolution. Generic name for the 3GPP project addressing future improvements to the 3G
Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN).
MAC
Media Access Control. Part of the 802.3 (Ethernet LAN) standard which contains specifications and
rules for accessing the physical portions of the network.
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network. A communication network which covers a geographic area such as a city
or suburb.
Mbps
Megabits per Second. A measure of information carrying capacity of a circuit; millions of bits
per second.
MIMO
Multiple Input Multiple Output. A method of digital wireless transmission where the transmitter
and/or receiver uses multiple antennas to increase the achievable data rate or improve the
reliability of a communication link.
7
Modem
A combination of the words modulator and demodulator, referring to a device that modifies a signal
(such as sound or digital data) to allow it to be carried over a medium such as wire or radio.
Multiple Access
A methodology (e.g., FDMA, TDMA, CDMA) by which multiple users share access to a transmission
channel. Most modern systems accomplish this through demand assignment where the specific
parameter (frequency, time slot or code) is automatically assigned when a subscriber requires it.
ODM
Original Design Manufacturer. Independent contractors that develop and manufacture equipment on
behalf of another Company using another Companys brand name on the product.
OEM
Original Equipment Manufacturer. A manufacturer of equipment (e.g., base stations, terminals)
that sells to operators.
OFDM
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing. A method of digital wireless transmission that
distributes a signal across a large number of closely spaced carrier frequencies.
OFDMA
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access. A method of digital wireless transmission that
allows a multiplicity of users to share access by assigning sets of narrowband carrier frequencies
to each user. It is an extension of OFDM to multiple users.
PCMCIA
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. An international industry group that
promotes standards for credit card-sized memory card hardware that fits into computing devices such
as laptops.
PDC
Personal Digital Cellular. The Standard developed in Japan for TDMA digital cellular mobile radio
communications systems.
PHS
Personal Handyphone System. A digital cordless telephone system and digital network based on
TDMA. This low-mobility microcell Standard was developed in Japan. Commonly known as PAS in China.
PHY
Physical Layer. The wires, cables, and interface hardware that connect devices on a wired or
wireless network. It is the lowest layer of network processing that connects a device to a
transmission medium.
Platform
A combination of hardware and software blocks implementing a complete set of functionalities that
can be optimized to create an end product.
Protocol
A formal set of conventions governing the format and control of interaction among communicating
functional units.
8
Reference Platform
A reference platform consists of the baseband integrated circuit, related software and reference
design.
Smartphone
A wireless handset with an advanced operating system.
Standards
Specifications that reflect agreements on products, practices or operations by nationally or
internationally accredited industrial and professional associations or governmental bodies in order
to allow for interoperability.
TDD
Time Division Duplexing. A duplex operation using a single frequency, divided by time, for
transmission and reception.
TD/FDMA
Time Division/Frequency Division Multiple Access. A technique that combines TDMA and FDMA.
TDMA
Time Division Multiple Access. A method of digital wireless transmission that allows a
multiplicity of users to share access (in a time ordered sequence) to a single channel without
interference by assigning unique time segments to each user within the channel.
TD-SCDMA
Time Division Synchronous CDMA. A form of TDD utilizing a low Chip Rate.
Terminal/Terminal Unit
Equipment at the end of a wireless voice and/or data communications path. Often referred to as an
end-user device or handset. Terminal units include mobile phone handsets, PCMCIA and other form
factors of data cards, personal digital assistants, computer laptops and modules with embedded
wireless communications capability and telephones.
TIA/EIA-54
The original TDMA digital cellular Standard in the United States. Implemented in 1992 and then
upgraded to the TIA/EIA-136 digital Standard in 1996.
TIA/EIA-95
A 2G CDMA Standard.
TIA/EIA-136
A United States Standard for digital TDMA technology.
TIA (USA)
The Telecommunications Industry Association.
9
UMB
UltraMobile Broadband. A generic term used to describe the next evolution of the 3GPP2 cdma2000
air interface standard. It is based on OFDMA technology.
WAN
Wide Area Network. A data network that extends a LAN outside of its coverage area, via telephone
common carrier lines, to link to other LANs.
WCDMA
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access or Wideband CDMA. The next generation of CDMA technology
optimized for high speed packet-switched data and high-capacity circuit switched capabilities. A 3G
technology.
WiMAXTM
A commercial brand associated with products and services using IEEE 802.16 Standard
technologies for wide area networks broadband wireless.
Wireless
Radio-based systems that allow transmission of information without a physical connection, such as
copper wire or optical fiber.
Wireless LAN (WLAN)
Wireless Local Area Network. A collection of devices (computers, networks, portables, mobile
equipment, etc.) linked wirelessly over a limited local area.
In this Form 10-K, the words we, our, us, the Company and InterDigital refer to
InterDigital, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries, individually and/or collectively, unless otherwise
indicated. InterDigital® is a registered trademark and SlimChipTM
is a trademark of InterDigital, Inc. All other trademarks, service marks and/or trade names
appearing in this Form 10-K are the property of their respective holders.
10
PART I
Item 1. BUSINESS
General
We design and develop advanced digital wireless technologies for use in digital cellular and
wireless IEEE 802-related products and networks. We actively participate in and contribute our
technology solutions to worldwide organizations responsible for the development and approval of
Standards to which digital cellular and IEEE 802-compliant products are built and our contributions
are often incorporated into such Standards. In addition, we develop solutions for improving
bandwidth availability and network capacity, wireless security and seamless connectivity and
mobility across networks and devices. We offer licenses to our patents to equipment producers that
manufacture, use and sell digital cellular and IEEE 802-related products. In addition, we offer
for license or sale our mobile broadband modem solutions (modem IP, know-how, and reference
platforms) to mobile device manufacturers, semiconductor companies, and other equipment producers
that manufacture, use and sell digital cellular products. We have built our suite of technology
and patent offerings through independent development, joint development with other companies, and
selected acquisitions. We have also assembled a number of leading technology partners that share
our vision and complement our internal research and development efforts. Currently, we generate
revenues primarily from royalties received under our patent license agreements. We also generate
revenues by licensing our technology solutions and providing related development support.
As an early participant in the digital wireless market, we developed pioneering solutions for
the two primary cellular air interface technologies in use today: TDMA and CDMA technologies. That
early involvement, as well as our continued development of advanced digital wireless technologies,
has enabled us to create our significant worldwide portfolio of patents and patent applications.
Included in that portfolio are a number of patents and patent applications, which we believe are or
may be essential or may become essential to 2G, 3G, and LTE cellular Standards and other wireless
Standards such as IEEE 802. Accordingly, we believe that companies making, using or selling
products compliant with these Standards require a license under our essential patents and will
require licenses under essential patents that may issue from our pending patent applications. In
conjunction with our participation in certain Standards bodies, we have filed declarations stating
that we have patents which we believe are or may be essential or may become essential, and that we
agree to make our essential patents available for use and license on fair, reasonable, and
non-discriminatory terms or similar terms consistent with the requirements of the respective
Standards organizations.
Third party products incorporating our patented inventions include, without limitation:
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Mobile devices, including cellular phones, wireless personal
digital assistants and notebook computers, data cards and
similar products; |
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Base stations and other wireless infrastructure equipment; and |
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Components and modules for wireless devices. |
We also incorporate our inventions into our own IP modem solutions. In addition to conforming
to applicable Standards, our solutions also include proprietary implementations for which we seek
patent protection. Our development areas include adjacent wireless technologies within the
wireless ecosystems and across the broad array of converged devices, networks, and services.
Our investments in the development of advanced digital wireless technologies and related
products and solutions include sustaining a highly specialized engineering team and providing that
team with the equipment and advanced software platforms necessary to support the development of
technologies. Over each of the last three years, cost of development has been our largest expense
category, ranging between $64.0 million and $98.9 million. The largest portion of this cost has
been personnel costs.
InterDigitals predecessor company incorporated in 1972 under the laws of the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania and conducted its initial public offering in November 1981. Following an internal
corporate reorganization in July 2007, InterDigital Communications Corporation converted into a
limited liability company and became the wholly-owned operating subsidiary of InterDigital, Inc.
Our corporate headquarters and administrative offices are located in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania,
USA. Our research and technology development teams are located in the following locations: King of
Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA; Melville, New York, USA; and Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Our Internet address is
www.interdigital.com, where, in the Investor Relations
section, we make available, free of charge, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on
Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, certain other reports required to be filed under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably
practicable after such material is filed with or furnished to the United States Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC). The information contained on or connected to our website is not
incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K.
Wireless Communications Industry Overview
Participants in the wireless communications industry include OEMs, semiconductor
manufacturers, ODMs and a variety of technology suppliers, application developers and network
operators that offer communication services and products to consumers and businesses. To achieve
economies of scale and allow for interoperability, products for the wireless industry have
typically been built to wireless Standards.
11
These Standards have evolved in response to large
demand for services and expanded capabilities of mobile devices. Although the cellular market
initially delivered voice-oriented and basic data services (commonly referred to as Second
Generation, or 2G), over the past five years the industry transitioned to providing voice and
multimedia services that take advantage of the higher speeds offered by the newer
technologies (commonly referred to as Third Generation, or 3G). Concurrently, non-cellular
wireless technologies, such as IEEE 802.11, have emerged as a means to provide wireless Internet
access for fixed and nomadic use. Industry participants anticipate a proliferation of converged
devices that incorporate multiple air interface technologies and functionalities and provide
seamless operation. As an example, many devices incorporate multiple air interface technologies
and such converged devices may provide seamless operation between a variety of networks.
Over the course of the last ten years, the cellular communications industry has experienced
rapid growth worldwide. Total worldwide cellular wireless communications subscriptions rose from
approximately 500 million at the end of 1999 to approximately 4.6 billion at the end of 2009. In
several countries, mobile telephones now outnumber fixed-line telephones. Market analysts expect
that the aggregate number of global wireless subscriptions could exceed 5.6 billion in 2013. In
fourth quarter 2009, iSuppli Corporation forecasted worldwide handset sales would grow
approximately 12% in 2010 after the industry experienced a decline in sales in 2009. The following
table presents iSupplis estimates for worldwide handset sales by air interface technology in 2009
and the related forecast for 2010 through 2013.
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(1) |
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Source: iSuppli Corporation. Mobile Handset Q4 2009
Market Tracker. |
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(2) |
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Includes: LTE and WiMax |
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(3) |
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Includes: WCDMA/HSPA and TD-SCDMA. |
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(4) |
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Includes: cdma2000 and its evolutions, such as
EV-DO. |
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Includes: GSM/GPRS/EDGE and Analog, iDEN, TDMA, PHS
and PDC. |
The growth in new cellular subscribers, combined with existing customers choosing to replace
their mobile phones, helped fuel the growth of mobile phone sales from approximately 278 million
units in 1999 to over 1.1 billion units in 2009. We believe the combination of a broad subscriber
base, continued technological change and the growing dependence on the Internet, e-mail and other
digital media sets the stage for continued growth in the sales of advanced wireless products and
services over the next five years. While recent market forces and a global economic downturn
contributed to a decline in total handset sales for 2009, analysts continue to predict that the
shift to advanced 3G and, in particular, smartphone devices will continue to increase sales in
those categories. For these same reasons, shipments of 3G-enabled phones, which represented
approximately 38% of the market in 2009, are predicted to increase to approximately 60% of the
market by 2013.
Moreover, recent advances in 3G technologies that support devices offering higher data rates have
met with rapid consumer uptake. Similarly, sales of smartphones have grown rapidly, increasing
from less than 1% of handset sales in 1999 to 16% in 2009.
In addition to the advances in digital cellular technologies, the industry has also made
significant advances in non-cellular wireless technologies. In particular, IEEE 802.11 WLAN has
gained momentum in recent years as a wireless broadband solution in the home and office and in
public areas. IEEE 802.11 technology offers high-speed data connectivity through unlicensed spectra
within a relatively modest operating range. Since its introduction in 1998, semiconductor
shipments of products built to the IEEE 802.11 Standard have shipped nearly
12
1.2 billion units
cumulatively through 2009. Analysts forecast that these cumulative shipments may reach 4 billion by
2013. In addition, the IEEE wireless Standards bodies are creating sets of Standards to enable
higher data rates, provide coverage over longer distances, and enable roaming. These Standards are
establishing technical specifications for high data rates, such as IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), as well as
technology specifications to enable seamless handoff between different air interfaces (IEEE
802.21).
Evolution of Wireless Standards
Wireless communications Standards are formal guidelines for engineers, designers,
manufacturers, and service providers that regulate and define the use of the licensed radio
frequency spectrum in conjunction with providing specifications for wireless communications
products. A primary goal of the Standards is to assure interoperability of products, marketed by
multiple companies, built to a common Standard. A number of international and regional wireless
Standards Development Organizations (SDOs), including the ITU, ETSI, TIA (USA), IEEE, ATIS, and
ANSI, have responsibility for the development and administration of wireless communications
Standards. New Standards are typically adopted with each new generation of products, are often
compatible with previous generations of the Standards, and are defined to ensure interoperability.
SDOs typically ask participating companies to declare formally whether they believe they hold
patents or patent applications essential to a particular Standard and whether they are willing to
license those patents on either a royalty-bearing basis on fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory
terms or on a royalty-free basis. To manufacture, have made, sell, offer to sell, or use such
products on a non-infringing basis, a manufacturer or other entity doing so must first obtain a
license from the holder of essential patent rights. The SDOs do not have enforcement authority
against entities that fail to obtain required licenses, nor do they have the ability to protect the
intellectual property rights of holders of essential patents.
Digital Cellular Standards
The defined capabilities of the various technologies continue to evolve within the SDOs.
Deployment of 3G services allows operators to take advantage of additional radio spectrum
allocations and through the use of higher data speeds than 2.5G, deliver additional applications to
their customers. Operators began to deploy 3G services in 2000. The five specifications under the
3G standard (generally regarded as being the ITU IMT-2000 Recommendation) include the following
forms of CDMA technology: FDD and TDD (collectively referred to in the industry as WCDMA) and
Multichannel CDMA (cdma2000 technology). In addition, TD-SCDMA, a Chinese variant of TDD
technology, has been included in the Standards specifications.
The principal Standardized digital cellular wireless products in use today are based on TDMA
and CDMA technologies with 3G capable-products beginning to replace 2G-only products. The
Standardized 2G TDMA-based technologies include GSM, TIA/EIA-54/136 (commonly known as AMPS-D,
United States-based TDMA, which is currently being phased out in conjunction with the U.S.
FCC-mandated conversion from analog-based cellular service), PDC, PHS, DECT and TETRA. Of the TDMA
technologies, GSM is the most prevalent, having been deployed in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle
East, the Americas, and other regions. In 2009, approximately 62% of total mobile device sales
conform to the 2G and 2.5G TDMA-based Standards. WCDMA-enabled devices accounted for an additional
23% of total sales. Thus, the combined sales of GSM-enabled devices and devices with 3G WCDMA
technology accounted for approximately 85% of worldwide handset sales.
Narrowband 2G CDMA-based technologies include TIA/EIA-95 (more commonly known as cdmaOne) and
cdma2000 technologies and serve parts of the United States, Japan, South Korea and several other
countries. Similar to the TDMA-based technologies, the CDMA-based technologies are migrating to 3G.
In 2009, about 15% of worldwide handset sales were based on these 2G/2.5G CDMA technologies plus
its 3G evolution.
The Standards groups continue to advance the performance and capabilities of their respective
air interfaces. Chief among the enhancements are High Speed Downlink Packet Access and High Speed
Uplink Packet Access (HSDPA/HSUPA, often collectively referred to as HSPA), an evolution of WCDMA,
and 1xEV-DO. At year end 2009, over 300 operators had launched HSPA networks.
Further advances to the WCDMA cellular air interface standards are being made under 3GPPs LTE
program. This evolution program is based on OFDM/OFDMA technology, similar to that used in the
IEEE 802.16 Standard. LTE standards were completed in late 2009. Virtually all current mobile
operators have indicated their intention to upgrade their networks to LTE when it is commercially
available. This selection had substantial negative impact on the proposed 3GPP2 UMB standard, which
no current mobile operators indicated an intention to use. This has resulted in 3GPP2 stopping all
work on the proposed UMB specification, thus facilitating a broader market for LTE. 3GPP also
completed preliminary work on a follow-on to LTE, called LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), which is the 3GPP
entry into the worldwide ITU-R IMT-Advanced project, a follow-on to the earlier IMT-2000
Recommendation mentioned above.
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IEEE 802-Based Standards
The wireless Standard, IEEE 802.11 was first ratified in 1997. Since that time, the IEEE
802.11 Working Group has continued to update and expand the basic IEEE 802.11 Standard to achieve
higher data rates, accommodate additional operating frequencies and provide additional capabilities
and features. Equipment conforming to these Standards (i.e., IEEE 802.11a/b/g) is in the
marketplace today. Intended primarily for short range applications, operating in unlicensed
frequency bands and requiring minimal infrastructure, IEEE 802.11 Standards-based equipment has
seen substantial market growth, especially in consumer home networking applications. Similar to 3G,
this Standard also continues to evolve toward higher data rates and improved service capabilities,
most recently with the approval and publication of the final IEEE 802.11n and other related
Standards.
The wide area network community has also established the IEEE 802.16 Working Group to define
air interface Standards for longer distance (2 to 50 kilometers) Metropolitan Area and Wide Area
Networks (MAN/WAN). The first 802.16 Standard was published in 2002. Specifying operating
frequencies from 10 to 66 GHz, it was primarily aimed toward very high-speed wide area point to
multipoint fixed applications. In 2003, an amendment to the 802.16 Standard (802.16a) was published
which added operation in the 2 to 11 GHz frequency bands. This addition made the Standard much more
suitable for providing wireless broadband high-speed Internet access for residential and small
office applications. In 2004, 802.16a and several other amendments to the base 802.16 Standard were
combined into a single document which was published as 802.16-2004 and which was ultimately adopted
by the WiMAX Business Forum for fixed use deployments. Equipment conforming to the 802.16-2004
fixed Standard was initially introduced in 2006. Concurrent with this revision of the fixed
Standard, the 802.16 Working Group embarked on defining a mobile version of the Standard (referred
to as 802.16e). The mobile version of the Standard was completed and published in February 2006 and
initial equipment certification by the WiMAX Forum commenced in late 2007. Since that time, the
Standard has continued to evolve and be improved, with a significant update, IEEE 802.16-2009,
having been approved and published this past year.
The WiMAX Forum adopted a specific form of the 802.16e Standard for development and deployment
as mobile WiMAX. In conjunction with the WiMAX Forum, the 802.16e mobile standard is being
further improved upon as 802.16m to increase its performance and capabilities. IEEE 802.16m is
specifically targeted to meet the ITU-R requirements for IMT-Advanced, the follow-on to the
earlier ITU-R IMT-2000 Recommendation mentioned above and has been submitted to the ITU
IMT-Advanced process, which should conclude in early 2011. It is anticipated that the WiMAX Forum
will also adopt 802.16m when it is completed in 2010.
More recently, the IEEE 802 community has begun to address the questions related to networking
and interoperability between the different IEEE 802 technologies, both wireline and wireless, as
well as handover to external non-802 networks, such as cellular. The primary group addressing these
issues, IEEE 802.21, entitled Media Independent Handover Services, has completed their initial
Standard, and it was approved by the IEEE in 2008. The IEEE 802.21 technology is specifically
oriented towards the future all-IP Next Generation Network that merges existing fixed and mobile
networks into a single homogeneous integrated network capable of supporting all envisioned advanced
fixed and
mobile services including voice, data, and video. Aspects of 802.21 are now being incorporated
into other network Standards, such as the IATF.
InterDigitals Strategy
A core component of our strategy is the ability to develop advanced digital wireless
technologies. We will continue to develop those technologies that shape the future generations of
wireless standards and contribute our ideas to the Standards bodies and bring those technologies to
market, generating revenues from patent licensing as well as licensing and/or sales of our
technology solutions. We seek to derive revenue from every 3G mobile device sold, either in the
form of patent licensing revenues, technology solutions-related revenues or a combination of these
elements. As of December 2009, we had entered into patent license agreements covering over
one-half of all 3G mobile devices sold worldwide. In addition, our development of an array of
technology solutions to address not only the evolution of wireless communications as it evolves to
a network of networks, but also technologies to further improve the capabilities of wireless
networks through
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connectivity, mobility, and advanced intelligent data delivery techniques. These
solutions offer additional means to generate revenues and expand the addressable market for our
innovations from primarily terminal units and infrastructure to a broader set of consumer
electronics and data services.
To execute our strategy, we intend to support the following initiatives:
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Continue to fund significant internal technology development; |
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Explore opportunities to partner to build or acquire related or complementary technologies and capabilities; |
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Maintain substantial involvement in key worldwide Standards bodies,
contributing to the ongoing definition of wireless Standards and incorporating
our inventions into those Standards; |
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License our patented technology to wireless equipment producers worldwide; |
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Defend vigorously our intellectual property and related contractual rights; and |
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Offer technology solutions to semiconductor producers, mobile device
manufacturers, and other participants in the wireless ecosystem. |
InterDigitals Technology Position
Cellular Technologies
We have a long history of developing cellular technologies including those related to CDMA and
TDMA technologies, and more recently, OFDMA and MIMO technologies. A number of our TDMA-based and
CDMA-based inventions are being used in all 2G, 2.5G, and 3G wireless networks and mobile terminal
devices.
We led the industry in establishing TDMA-based TIA/EIA-54 as a digital wireless U.S. Standard in
the 1980s. We developed a substantial portfolio of TDMA-based patented inventions. These
inventions include or relate to fundamental elements of TDMA-based systems in use around the
world. Some of our TDMA inventions include or relate to:
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The fundamental architecture of commercial TD/FDMA systems; |
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Methods of synchronizing TD/FDMA systems; |
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A flexible approach to managing system capacity through the reassignment of online subscriber units to different time slots
and/or frequencies in response to system conditions; |
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The design of a multi-component base station, utilizing distributed intelligence, which allows for more robust performance; and |
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Initializing procedures that enable roaming. |
We also have developed and patented innovative CDMA technology solutions. Today, we hold a
significant worldwide portfolio of CDMA patents and patent applications. Similar to our TDMA
inventions, we believe that a number of our CDMA inventions are or may be essential or may become
essential to the implementation of CDMA systems in use today. Some of our CDMA inventions include
or relate to:
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Global pilot: The use of a common pilot channel to synchronize sub-channels in a multiple access environment; |
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Bandwidth allocation: Techniques including multi-channel and multi-code mechanisms; |
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Power control: Highly efficient schemes for controlling the transmission output power of terminal and base
station devices, a vital feature in a CDMA system; |
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Joint detection and interference cancellation techniques for reducing interference; |
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Soft handover enhancement techniques between designated cells; |
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Various sub-channel access and coding techniques; |
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Packet data; |
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Fast handoff; |
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Geo-location for calculating the position of terminal users; |
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Multi-user detection; |
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High-speed packet data channel coding; and |
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High-speed packet data delivery in a mobile environment, including enhanced uplink. |
The cellular industry has ongoing initiatives aimed at technology improvements. We have
engineering development projects to build and enhance our technology portfolio in many of these
areas, including the LTE project for 3GPP radio technology, further evolution of the 3GPP WCDMA
Standard (including HSPA+), and continuing improvements to the legacy GSM-EDGE Radio Access Network
(GERAN). The common goal is to improve the user experience and reduce the cost to operators via
increased capacity, reduced cost per bit, increased data rates and reduced latency. Of
the above technologies, LTE is the most advanced in that it uses the newer OFDMA/MIMO technologies.
Some of our LTE inventions include or relate to:
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Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) technologies for reducing interference and increasing
data rates; |
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OFDM/OFDMA/SC-FDMA; |
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Power control; |
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Hybrid-ARQ for fast error correction; |
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Discontinuous reception for improved battery life; |
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Control channel structures for efficient signaling; |
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Advanced resource scheduling/allocation (bandwidth on-demand); |
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Security; |
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Enhanced Home Node-B (femto cells); |
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Relay communications for improved cell edge performance; |
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LTE receiver implementations; |
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Carrier aggregation for LTE-Advanced; and |
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Coordinated Multi-Point Communications (CoMP) for LTE-Advanced. |
IEEE 802-based Wireless Technologies
Our strong wireless background includes engineering and corporate development activities that
focus on solutions that apply to other wireless market segments. These segments primarily fall
within the continually expanding scope of the IEEE 802 family of Standards. We are building a
portfolio of technology related to the WLAN, WMAN and digital cellular area that includes, for
example, improvements to the IEEE 802.11 PHY and MAC to increase peak data rates (i.e., IEEE
802.11n), handover among radio access technologies (IEEE 802.21), mesh networks (IEEE 802.11s),
radio resource measurements (IEEE 802.11k), wireless network management (IEEE 802.11v), wireless
network security, and broadband wireless (IEEE 802.16, including WiMAX wireless technology).
Business Activities
Patent Licensing
Our Patent Portfolio
As
of December 31, 2009, our patent portfolio consisted of 1,242
U.S. patents (187 of which
issued in 2009), and 5,996 non-U.S. patents (1,048 of which issued in 2009). We also have numerous
patent applications pending worldwide. As of December 31, 2009 we had 1,340 pending applications in
the U.S. and 8,873 pending non-U.S. patent applications. The patents and applications comprising
our portfolio relate specifically to digital wireless radiotelephony technology (including, without
limitation, TDMA and/or CDMA). Issued patents expire at differing times ranging from 2010 through
2030.
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The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) permits the filing of provisional
applications for, among other reasons, preserving rights to an invention prior to filing a formal
non-provisional application. Typically, the filing of a provisional application is followed with
the filing of a non-provisional application, which may add content, such as claim language, to
the provisional application, or may combine multiple provisional applications. The USPTO, along
with other international patent offices, also permits the filing of continuation or divisional
applications, which are based, in whole or in part, on a previously filed non-provisional patent
application. Most of our foreign patent applications are single treaty application filings, which
can lead to patents in all of the countries that are parties to a particular treaty. During 2009,
we filed 595 U.S. patent applications consisting of 112 first filed, U.S. non-provisional,
non-continuation patent applications, 352 U.S. provisional applications, and 131 U.S. continuation,
continuation-in-part, divisional, reissue or reexamination applications and U.S. applications
claiming priority from PCT or other non-U.S. applications. Typically, each new U.S. non-provisional
application is used as the basis for the later filing of one or more foreign applications.
Patent Licenses
Currently, numerous manufacturers supply digital cellular equipment conforming to 2G, 3G, and
WiMax Standards and are starting to supply digital cellular equipment conforming to LTE Standards.
We believe that any of those companies that use our patented inventions will require licenses from
us. While some companies seek licenses before they commence manufacturing and/or selling devices
that use our patented inventions, most do not. Consequently, we approach companies and seek to
establish license agreements. We expend significant effort identifying potential users of our
inventions and negotiating patent license agreements with companies that may be reluctant to take
licenses. We are in active discussions with a number of companies regarding the licensing of our
patents on a worldwide basis. During negotiations, unlicensed companies may raise varying defenses
and arguments as to their need to enter into a patent license with us, to which we respond. In the
past year, these defenses and arguments have included positions by companies: (i) as to the
essential nature of our patents, (ii) that our royalty rates are not fair, reasonable or
nondiscriminatory, (iii) that their products do not infringe our patents and/or that our patents
are invalid and/or unenforceable, (iv) that their products are already subject to a license, and
(v) concerning the impact of litigation between us and other third parties. If we believe that a
third party is required to take a license to our patents in order to manufacture and sell products,
we might commence legal action against the third party if they refuse to enter into a patent
license agreement.
We offer non-exclusive, royalty-bearing patent licenses to companies that manufacture, import,
use or sell, or intend to manufacture, import, use or sell, equipment that implements the
inventions covered by our portfolio of patents. We have entered into numerous non-exclusive,
non-transferable (with limited exceptions) patent license agreements with companies around the
world. When we enter into a new patent license agreement, the licensee typically agrees to pay
consideration for sales made prior to the effective date of the license agreement and also agrees
to pay royalties or license fees on covered products that it will sell or anticipates selling
during the term of the agreement. We expect that, for the most part, new license agreements will
follow this model. Our patent license agreements are structured on a royalty-bearing basis, paid-up
basis or combination thereof. Most of our patent license agreements are royalty bearing. Almost all
of these agreements provide for the payment of royalties based on sales of covered products built
to particular Standards (convenience based licenses), as opposed to the payment of royalties if the
manufacture, sale or use of the licensed product infringes one of our patents (infringement based
licenses).
Our license agreements typically contain provisions which give us the right to audit our
licensees books and records to ensure compliance with the licensees reporting and payment
obligations under those agreements. From time to time, these audits reveal underreporting or
underpayments under the applicable agreements. In such cases, we might enter into negotiations or
dispute resolution proceedings with the licensee to resolve the discrepancy, either of which might
lead to payment of all or a portion of the amount claimed due under the audit or termination of the
license or to delays or failures to collect royalties and recognize revenues that we believe are
otherwise due.
We recognize the revenue from per-unit royalties in the period when we receive royalty reports
from licensees. In circumstances where we receive consideration for sales made prior to the
effective date of a patent license, we may recognize such payments as revenue in the period in
which the patent license agreement is signed. Some of these patent license agreements provide for
the non-refundable prepayment of royalties which are usually made in exchange for prepayment
discounts. As the licensee reports sales of covered products, the royalties are calculated and
either applied against any prepayment, or become payable in cash or other consideration.
Additionally, royalties on sales of covered products under the license agreement become payable or
applied against prepayments based on the royalty formula applicable to the particular license
agreement. These formulas include flat dollar rates per-unit, a percentage of sales, percentage of
sales with a per-unit cap and other similar measures. The formulas can also vary by other factors
including territory, covered Standards, quantity, and dates sold.
Some of our patent licenses are paid-up, requiring no additional payments relating to
designated sales under agreed upon conditions. Those conditions can include paid-up licenses for a
period of time, for a class of products, under certain patents or patent claims, for sales in
certain countries or a combination thereof. Licenses have become paid-up based on the payment of
fixed amounts or after the payment of royalties for a term. We recognize revenues related to fixed
amounts on a straight-line basis.
2009 Patent License Activity
On January 14, 2009, we entered into a patent license agreement (the 2009 Samsung PLA) with
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. of Korea (Samsung) covering Samsungs affiliates, including Samsung
Electronics America, Inc., superseding the binding term sheet signed in
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November 2008 by such
parties. The 2009 Samsung PLA terminated the 1996 Samsung Agreement. Under the terms of the 2009
Samsung PLA, we granted Samsung a non-exclusive, worldwide, fixed fee royalty-bearing license
covering the sale of single mode terminal units and infrastructure designed to operate in
accordance with TDMA-based 2G Standards that is to become paid-up in 2010 and a non-exclusive,
worldwide, fixed fee royalty-bearing license covering the sale of terminal units and infrastructure
designed to operate in accordance with 3G Standards through 2012. Under the terms of the 2009
Samsung PLA, the parties moved to end all litigation and arbitration proceedings ongoing between
them. Pursuant to the payment option selected by Samsung, Samsung has agreed to pay InterDigital
$400.0 million in four equal installments over an 18-month period. Samsung paid the first two of
four $100.0 million installments in 2009. We received the third $100.0 million installment in
January 2010.
In third quarter 2009, we entered into a non-exclusive, non-transferable, worldwide,
royalty-bearing, convenience-based, patent license agreement with Cinterion Wireless Modules GmbH
covering the sale of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) modules and PC Cards designed to operate in
accordance with 2G and 3G Standards for the period January 1, 2009 through the end of 2012.
In third quarter 2009, we entered into a non-exclusive, non-transferable, worldwide,
royalty-bearing, convenience-based, patent license agreement with Pantech Co., Ltd. (Pantech)
(formally known separately as Pantech Co., Ltd. and Pantech & Curitel Communications, Inc.)
covering the sale of terminal units designed to operate in accordance with 2G, 3G, LTE,
LTE-Advanced, WiMax and WiBro, and certain other current and developing standards through the end
of 2016. Pantech has agreed to pay the license fees and any other royalties under the agreement in
installments over the life of the agreement. Additionally, we acquired a minority equity interest
in Pantech.
Patent Licensees Generating 2009 Revenues Exceeding 10% of Total Revenues
Samsung, LG Electronics, Inc. (LG), and Sharp Corporation of Japan (Sharp) comprised
approximately 33%, 19%, and 10% of our total 2009 revenues, respectively.
We are recognizing revenue associated with the 2009 Samsung PLA on a straight-line basis over
the life of the agreement. During 2009 we recognized $98.5 million of revenue associated with the
2009 Samsung PLA.
We are party to a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-bearing, convenience-based patent license
agreement with LG covering the sale of (i) terminal units designed to operate in accordance with 2G
and 2.5G TDMA-based and 3G Standards, and (ii) infrastructure designed to operate in accordance
with cdma2000 technology and its extensions up to a limited threshold amount. Under the terms of
the patent license agreement, LG paid us $95.0 million in each of the first quarters of 2006, 2007,
and 2008. The agreement expires at the end of 2010, at which time LG will receive a paid-up license
to sell single-mode GSM/GPRS/EDGE terminal units under the patents included under the license, and
become unlicensed as to all other products covered under the agreement. We are recognizing revenue
associated with this agreement on a straight-line basis from the inception of the agreement until
December 31, 2010.
We are party to a worldwide, non-exclusive, generally nontransferable, royalty-bearing,
convenience-based patent license agreement with Sharp (Sharp PHS/PDC Agreement) covering sales of
terminal devices designed to operate in accordance with TDMA-based PHS and PDC Standards. In fourth
quarter 2006, we and Sharp entered into an Amendment which extended the term of the Sharp PHS/PDC
Agreement from April 2008 to April 2011. Sharp is obligated to make royalty payments on sales of
licensed products as covered products are sold. We recognize revenue associated with this agreement
in the periods we receive the related royalty reports.
We and Sharp are also parties to a separate worldwide, non-exclusive, convenience-based,
generally nontransferable, royalty-bearing patent license agreement (Sharp NCDMA/GSM/3G
Agreement) covering sales of GSM, narrowband CDMA, and 3G products that expires upon the last to
expire of the patents licensed under the agreement. Sharp is obligated to make royalty payments on
sales of licensed products as covered products are sold. We recognized revenue associated with this
agreement in the periods that the royalty reports were received. In 2009, we recorded revenues of
$28.8 million from Sharp of which approximately $28.7 million is attributable to the Sharp
NCDMA/GSM/3G Agreement and the balance is attributable to the Sharp PHS/PDC Agreement.
Patent Infringement and Declaratory Judgment Proceedings
From time to time, if we believe any party is required to license our patents in order to
manufacture and sell certain digital cellular products and such party has not done so, we may
institute legal action against them. This legal action typically takes the form of a patent
infringement lawsuit or an administrative proceeding such as a Section 337 proceeding before the
U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC). In a patent infringement lawsuit, we would typically
seek damages for past infringement and an injunction against future infringement. In a USITC
proceeding, we would typically seek an exclusion order to bar infringing goods from entry into the
United States, as well as a cease and desist order to bar further sales of infringing goods that
have already been imported into the United States. The response from the subject party can come in
the form of challenges to the validity, enforceability, essentiality and/or applicability of our
patents to their products. In addition, a party might file a declaratory judgment action to seek a
courts declaration that our patents are invalid, unenforceable, not infringed by the other partys
product, or are not essential. Our response to such a declaratory judgment action may include
claims of infringement. When we include claims of infringement in a patent infringement lawsuit, a
favorable ruling for the Company can result in the payment of damages for past sales, the setting
of a royalty for future sales or issuance by the court of an injunction enjoining the manufacturer
from manufacturing and/or selling the infringing product. As part of a settlement of a patent
infringement lawsuit against a third party, we could typically seek to recover consideration for
past infringement, and grant a license under the patent(s) in suit (as well as other patents) for
future sales. Such a license could take any of the forms discussed above.
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Contractual Arbitration Proceedings
We and our licensees, in the normal course of business, may have disagreements as to the
rights and obligations of the parties under the applicable license agreement. For example, we could
have a disagreement with a licensee as to the amount of reported sales and royalties. Our license
agreements typically provide for audit rights as well as private arbitration as the mechanism for
resolving disputes. Arbitration proceedings can be resolved through an award rendered by the
arbitrators or by settlement between the parties. Parties to arbitration might have the right to
have the Award reviewed in a court of competent jurisdiction. However, based on public policy
favoring the use of arbitration, it is generally difficult to have arbitration awards vacated or
modified. The party securing an arbitration award may seek to have that award converted into a
judgment through an enforcement proceeding. The purpose of such a proceeding is to secure a
judgment that can be used for, if need be, seizing assets of the other party.
Technology Solutions Development
We have designed, developed and placed into operation a variety of advanced digital wireless
technologies, systems, and products since our inception in the early 1970s. Over the course of our
history, our strength has been our ability to explore emerging technologies, identify needs created
by the development of advanced wireless systems, and build technologies for those new requirements.
Today, our technology solutions development efforts support the development of advanced
cellular technologies. This includes further development of WCDMA technologies, including
HSDPA/HSUPA, and 3GPP LTE technology. Our development efforts also include adjacent wireless
technologies within the wireless ecosystems and across the broad array of converged devices,
networks and services. Many of our technologies conform to applicable Standards and may also
include proprietary implementations for which we seek patent protection.
We also develop advanced IEEE 802 wireless technologies, in particular technology related to
WLAN and digital cellular applications that include data rate and latency improvements to IEEE
802.11, handover among radio access technologies (IEEE 802.21) and wireless network management and
security. For example, we have developed a mobility solution based on 802.21 that greatly improves
handover performance between WiBro (a Korean version of mobile WiMAX) and UMTS networks.
We recorded expenses of $64.0 million, $98.9 million, and $85.2 million during 2009, 2008, and
2007, respectively, related to our research and development efforts. These efforts foster
inventions which are the basis for many of our patents. As a result of such patents and related
patent license agreements, in 2009, 2008, and 2007, we recognized $287.6 million, $216.5 million,
and $230.8 million of patent licensing revenue, respectively. In addition, we offer technology
solutions for inclusion into other products and services to support such technologies. In 2009,
2008, and 2007, we recognized technology solutions revenues totaling $9.8 million, $12.0 million,
and $3.4 million, respectively.
Continuing Technology and Standards Development
Recognizing the need continually to improve data rates, coverage and capacity, work is
currently underway within 3GPP on further evolution of the WCDMA Standards, including evolution of
HSPA (HSDPA/HSUPA) to downlink data rates of 80-160 Mbps and uplink data
rates of approximately 20 Mbps. Releases 9 and 10 are expected to address incremental
performance improvements to WCDMA and HSPA (HSDPA/HSUPA) including the incorporation of
multi-carrier operation and other data throughput and latency improvements, power saving and
coverage improvement features.
In addition, work continues on a longer term initiative, Evolved UTRA/UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial
Radio Access/ UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network), also known as LTE (R8 and R9) and
LTE-Advanced (R10 and beyond). The objectives of this initiative are more ambitious, targeting peak
data rates of 1 Gbps in the downlink and 500 Mbps in the uplink, improved spectrum efficiency,
significantly reduced data latency, and scalable bandwidths from as low as 1.25 MHz to as high
as100 MHz.
We are actively participating in the HSDPA/HSUPA and LTE Standards activities and have
launched internal projects to develop the technology necessary to support the new performance
requirements.
We are currently developing technology solutions to solve the industrys challenge of
providing enough bandwidth for smart phones, connected consumer devices and netbooks. We have taken
a broad approach to solve these challenges which includes spectrum optimization and intelligent and
optimized data delivery. We are developing technologies that will enable efficient multimedia
content delivery across heterogeneous devices and networks to enable richer multimedia experience
with optimal data usage. The current air interface evolution from WCDMA to LTE and beyond, address
peak data rate, but the discrepancy in data rate at the edge of the cell and center is growing
rapidly. Our goal in technology development is to provide uniform coverage and peak performance
across the cell. Also, we are developing technologies that will use the current network resources
by dynamically allocating best available combination of network and spectrum resources which
responds to real time changing network conditions to address specific Quality of Service needs of
the application, by aggregating bandwidth across different networks and spectrums. In order to
reduce congestion in mobile networks, our technology will do switching and routing locally using
LIPA and SIPTO protocol standards. For Machine-to-Machine applications, we are developing self
healing and smart energy protocols to enable a large array of sensors in a network of networks
scenario. These technologies are being standardized in IETF, ETSI and 3GPP.
19
Wireless LAN, Mobility, and Security
As part of our broader technology development activities, we are developing solutions
addressing WLAN technology and mobility between WLAN and cellular networks. These projects support
activities within the IEEE 802, ITU and 3GPP network architecture working groups. Technology
development areas include improvements to the 802.11 PHY and MAC to increase peak data rates (i.e.,
IEEE 802.11n),
handover between radio access technologies (i.e., IEEE 802.21), mesh networks, wireless network
management, and wireless network and device security.
3G WCDMA Technology Solutions Customers
Infineon Technologies AG
Between 2001 and 2006, we jointly developed and enhanced a 3G protocol stack with both HSDPA and
HSUPA functionality for use in terminal units under a series of cooperative development, sales and
alliance agreements with Infineon Technologies AG (Infineon). This 3G protocol stack has been
commercially deployed and continues to be offered to mobile phone and semiconductor producers. The
technology is operating on commercial networks around the world. We completed our development
efforts under these agreements in 2008. We began to receive royalties from Infineon under these
agreements in 2007.
ST Ericsson (formerly ST-NXP Ericsson)
In August 2005, we entered into an agreement with Philips Semiconductors (now ST
Ericsson) to deliver our physical layer HSDPA technology solution to ST Ericsson for integration
into its family of Nexperia cellular system chipsets. Under the agreement, we agreed to assist ST
Ericsson with chip design and development, software modification and system integration and testing
to implement our HSDPA technology solution into the ST Ericsson chipset. Subsequent to our delivery
of portions of our HSDPA technology solution, we agreed to provide ST Ericsson support and
maintenance over an aggregate estimated period of approximately two years. We completed our
development efforts under these agreements in 2008. ST Ericsson first reported royalties to us
under this agreement in late 2009.
SK Telecom
As part of our technology development, from time to time we develop technology solutions
for customers that are complementary to our existing development programs. For example, in December
2006 we announced that SK Telecom (SKT), Koreas leading mobile communications Company, had
chosen InterDigital to develop an advanced mobility solution for nationwide session continuity. The
mobility solution, based on IEEE 802.21 Standards, supports nationwide handover for SK Telecoms
customers when moving between WiBro (a Korean version of mobile WiMAX) and UMTS networks throughout
the country. Our solution, based on the IEEE 802.21 Standard for Media Independent Handoff (MIH),
includes both the system design and the software solution for dual mode WiBro/UMTS terminal units.
In January of 2008, the Company and SK Telecom extended the collaboration to develop
additional mobile wireless handover capability adding features to enhance a seamless mobility
between different radio technologies including WiBro, UMTS, and cmda2000.
All of the above programs have provided validation of the technology and access to third
party facilities and resources, and helped to broaden the awareness of the Company as a developer
of advance wireless inventions.
Future Technology Partnerships and Acquisitions
As part of our internal research and development programs, we pursue a number of channels
to investigate, develop, and acquire new architectures and technologies for wireless systems. These
efforts include advanced air interface technologies and new technologies that may support new
network architectures and interoperability techniques such as collaborative communications,
cognitive radio, and seamless connectivity. For example, national and international university
relationships have provided us additional opportunities to explore new technologies and license
intellectual property advancements that we sponsored. Other development areas include efforts to
develop solutions that support more efficient wireless networks, a richer multimedia experience,
and new mobile broadband capabilities. Focused on the supporting the evolving network of
networks, we demonstrated a suite of innovations in spectrum optimization, cross-network
connectivity and mobility, and intelligent data delivery techniques at the Mobile World Congress
trade show in Barcelona, Spain in February 2010. To complement our internal research and
development, we also have assembled a number of relationships with technology leaders within the
wireless ecosystem and across the broadening domain of converged devices, networks, and services
worldwide and several of our partners participated in the technology demonstrations during the
aforementioned trade show.
We maintain an active corporate development program that seeks further investment
opportunities in technologies that can enhance the attractiveness and profitability of our
technology solutions. We have also engaged in selective acquisitions to enhance our intellectual
property portfolio and/or accelerate our time-to-market and expect to continue to do so.
20
Competition
Our patent portfolio is unique. We do not compete in a traditional sense with other
patent holders because other patent holders do not have the same rights to the inventions and
technologies encompassed by our patent portfolio. However, when licensing our patent portfolio, we
compete with other patent holders for a share of royalties that face practical limitations. We
believe that licenses under a number of our patents are required to manufacture and sell 2G and 3G
products. However, numerous companies also claim that they hold essential 2G and 3G patents. To the
extent that multiple parties all seek royalties on the same product, the manufacturers could claim
to have difficulty in meeting the financial requirements of each patent holder. In the past,
certain manufacturers have sought antitrust exemptions to act collectively on a voluntary basis. In
addition, certain manufacturers have sought to limit aggregate 3G licensing fees or rates for
essential patents.
We compete in a wireless communications market characterized by rapid technological
change, frequent product introductions, evolving industry Standards and, in many products, price
erosion. Further, many current and potential competitors might have advantages over us, including
(i) existing royalty-free cross-licenses to competing and emerging technologies; (ii) longer
operating histories and presence in key markets; (iii) greater name recognition; (iv) access to
larger customer bases; (v) economies of scale and cost structure advantages; and (vi) greater
financial, sales and marketing, manufacturing, distribution, technical, and other resources. The
communications industry continues to be dominated by entities with substantial market share. That
share advantage provides pricing advantages, brand strength and technological influence. In
addition, the combination of the market dynamics described above is driving many industry
participants to consolidate. This consolidation may affect the timing or ability of third parties
to purchase products or license technology from us or may affect our licensees obligations under
our patent license agreements. We also
face competition from the in-house development teams at the semiconductor and wireless device
manufacturing companies that could be developing technology that is competitive with our offering.
In addition, new competitors may enter the market. Some manufacturers that develop the technology
for their own products may choose to license that technology to other manufacturers. In addition,
as a greater proportion of wireless 3G cellular devices incorporate traditional computing
applications and IEEE wireless technologies (e.g., 802.11, 802.15, and 802.16), semiconductor
companies that have traditionally focused on providing chipsets to these industries could enter the
3G cellular market with baseband solutions as well.
Employees
As of December 31, 2009, we had 299 employees. None of our employees are represented by
a collective bargaining unit.
Geographic Concentrations
As of December 31, 2009, substantially all of our revenue was derived from a limited
number of customers based outside of the United States, primarily in Asia. These revenues were paid
in U.S. dollars and are not subject to any substantial foreign exchange transaction risk. The
table below lists the countries of the headquarters of our customers and the total revenue derived
from each country for the periods indicated (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Korea |
|
$ |
160,471 |
|
|
$ |
59,164 |
|
|
$ |
58,409 |
|
Japan |
|
|
73,251 |
|
|
|
113,810 |
|
|
|
117,369 |
|
Canada |
|
|
27,366 |
|
|
|
19,018 |
|
|
|
14,614 |
|
Taiwan |
|
|
15,359 |
|
|
|
14,406 |
|
|
|
11,266 |
|
United States |
|
|
10,499 |
|
|
|
10,947 |
|
|
|
6,720 |
|
Germany |
|
|
10,393 |
|
|
|
6,106 |
|
|
|
1,255 |
|
Other Europe |
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
1,628 |
|
|
|
24,599 |
|
Other Asia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,390 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
297,404 |
|
|
$ |
228,469 |
|
|
$ |
234,232 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2009 and 2008, we held $128.8 million, or 99%, and $143.9 million or 98%,
respectively, of our property and equipment, patents and other intangible assets in the United
States of America, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. We also held $0.8 million and
$2.6 million in 2009 and 2008, respectively, of property and equipment, net of accumulated
depreciation, in Canada.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS.
We face a variety of risks that might affect our business, financial condition, operating
results or any combination thereof. Although many of the risks and uncertainties discussed below
are driven by factors that we cannot control or predict, you should carefully consider the
identified risks and uncertainties and other information contained in this Form 10-K in evaluating
our business and prospects and before making an investment decision with respect to our common
stock. If any of the following risks or uncertainties occur or develop, our business, results of
operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. In such an event, the market price
of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The following
discussion addresses those risks that management believes are the most
21
significant and that might
affect our business, financial condition or operating results, although there are other risks that
could arise or might become more significant than anticipated.
Risks Relating to Our Revenues and Cash Flow
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Challenges Relating to Our Ability to Enter into New License Agreements Could Cause Our
Revenues and Cash Flow to Decline. |
We face challenges in entering into new patent license agreements. During discussions
with unlicensed companies, significant negotiation issues arise from
time to time. For example,
manufacturers and sellers of 2G products could be reluctant to enter into a license agreement
because such companies might be required to make significant payments for unlicensed past sales.
Moreover, a significant part of our TDMA patent portfolio expired in 2006. Also, certain of the
inventions we believe will be employed in 3G products and other future technologies are the subject
of our patent applications where no patent has been issued yet by the relevant patent reviewing
authorities. Certain prospective licensees are unwilling to license patent rights prior to a
patents issuance. Additionally, in the ordinary course of negotiations, in response to our demand
that they enter into a license agreement, manufacturers raise different defenses and arguments,
including, but not limited to: (i) claims by third parties challenging the essential nature of our
patents; (ii) claims that their products do not infringe our patents or that our patents are
invalid or unenforceable; (iii) certain patents should be excluded from the license; (iv) our
royalty rates are not fair, reasonable or nondiscriminatory;
(v) that their products are already subject to a license; and
(vi) the potential impact that any
litigation or arbitration in which we are involved might have on such manufacturers. We cannot
assure that all prospective licensees will be persuaded during negotiations to enter into a patent
license agreement with us, either at all or on terms acceptable to us.
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Our Revenue and Cash Flow Are Dependent Upon Our Licensees Sales and Market Conditions. |
A significant portion of our licensing revenues are royalty-based and currently dependent on
sales by our licensees that are outside our control and that could be negatively affected by a
variety of factors, including global and/or country-specific economic conditions, buying patterns
of end users, competition for our licensees products and any decline in the sale prices our
licensees receive for their covered products. In addition, our operating results also could be
affected by general economic and other conditions that cause a downturn in the market for the
customers of our products or technologies. Our revenue and cash flow also could be affected by
(i) the unwillingness of any licensee to satisfy all of their royalty obligations on the terms or
within the timeframe we expect or a decline in the financial condition of any licensee or (ii) the
failure of sales to meet market forecasts due to global economic conditions,
political instability, competitive technologies or otherwise. It is also difficult to predict the
timing and amount of licensing revenue associated with past infringement and new licenses and the
timing, nature or amount of revenues associated with strategic partnerships. The foregoing factors
are difficult to forecast and could adversely affect both our quarterly and annual operating
results and financial condition.
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Royalty Rates Could Decrease for Future License Agreements. |
Certain licensees and others in the wireless industry, individually and collectively, are
demanding that royalty rates for patents be lower than historic royalty rates and, in
some cases, that the aggregate royalty rates for patents
products be capped. There is increasing downward pricing pressure on
certain products that we believe implement our patented inventions.
Also, a number of
companies have made claims as to the essential nature of their patents with respect to products for
the cellular market. The increasing pricing pressure, as well as the number of patent holders of 3G and future technologies and the
efforts, if successful, by certain industry members and groups to reduce and/or place caps on
royalty rates for 3G and future technologies could result in a decrease in the royalty rates we
receive for use of our patented inventions, thereby decreasing future anticipated revenue and cash
flow.
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Our Revenues Are Derived Primarily from a Limited Number of Patent Licensees. |
We earn a significant amount of our revenues from a limited number of licensees, and we
expect that a significant portion of our revenues will continue to come from a limited number of
licensees for the foreseeable future. In the event one or more of these licensees fail to meet
their payment or reporting obligations under their respective license agreements, we lose any of
these licensees or our revenues from these licensees decline, our future revenue and cash flow
could be materially adversely affected.
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It Can Be Difficult for Us to Verify Royalty Amounts Owed to Us Under Our Licensing
Agreements, and This Might Cause Us to Lose Revenues. |
The standard terms of our license agreements require our licensees to document the
sale of licensed products and report this data to us on a
quarterly basis. Although our standard license terms give us the right to audit books and records
of our licensees to verify this information, audits can be expensive, time consuming, incomplete,
subject to dispute and potentially detrimental to our ongoing business relationship with our licensees.
From time to time, we audit certain of our licensees to verify independently the accuracy of the
information contained in their royalty reports in an effort to decrease the likelihood that we will
not receive the royalty
22
revenues to which we are entitled under the terms of our license
agreements, but we cannot give assurances that these random audits will be effective to that end.
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Challenges Relating to Our Existing License Agreements Could Cause Our Revenue and Cash Flow
to Decline. |
Revenue and cash flow from existing and potential licensees might be affected by
challenges to our interpretation of license agreement provisions
and from downward industry pricing pressure on certain products.
Such challenges or difficulties
could result in requests to renegotiate, rejection or modification of license agreements or the termination, reduction and
suspension of payments.
Some of our license agreements have fixed terms. We will need to renew license agreements
with fixed terms prior to the expiration of the license agreements and, based on various factors,
including the technology and business needs and competitive positions of our licensees, we might
not be able to renegotiate the license agreements on similar terms, or at all. In order to maintain
existing relationships with some of our licensees, we might be forced to renegotiate license
agreements on terms that are more favorable to the licensees, which could harm our results of
operations. If we fail to renegotiate our license agreements, we would lose existing licensees, and
our business could be materially adversely affected.
For example, our patent license agreement with LG expires at the end
of 2010. If we are unable to renew this agreement either at all or on
beneficial terms this would adversely affect our revenue.
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Challenges in Defending and Enforcing Our Patent Rights Could Cause Our Revenue and Cash Flow
to Decline. |
Major telecommunications equipment manufacturers have challenged, and we expect will
continue to challenge the infringement, validity and enforceability of our patents. In some
instances, certain of our patent claims could be substantially narrowed or declared invalid,
unenforceable, not essential or not infringed. We cannot assure that the validity and
enforceability of our patents will be maintained or that any of our key patents will be determined
to be applicable to any particular product or Standard. Moreover, third parties could circumvent
certain of our patents through design changes. Any significant adverse finding as to the validity,
enforceability or scope of our key patents could result in the loss of patent licensing revenue
from existing licensees and could substantially impair our ability to secure new patent licensing
arrangements.
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Our Engineering Services Business Could Subject Us to Specific Costs and Risks That We Might
Fail to Manage Adequately. |
We
derive a portion of our revenues from engineering services. Any
mismanagement of, or negative development in, a number of areas, including,
among others, the perceived value of our intellectual property portfolio, our ability to convince
customers of the value of our engineering services and our reputation for performance under our
service contracts, could cause our revenues from engineering services to decline, damage our
reputation and harm our ability to attract future licensees, which would in turn harm our operating
results. If we fail to deliver as required under our service contracts, we could lose revenues and
become subject to liability for breach of contract. We need to monitor these services adequately in
order to ensure that we do not incur significant expenses without generating corresponding
revenues. Our failure to monitor these services adequately may harm our business, financial
position, results of operations or cash flows.
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Our Business and Operations Would Suffer in the Event of a Natural Disaster or Other
Catastrophe. |
Our business and operations depend on our ability to maintain and protect our facilities,
computer systems and personnel. Our locations could be subject to natural disasters or other
catastrophes. Although we have and maintain disaster recovery plans, such plans have limitations. A
natural disaster or other catastrophe could still disable our facilities and/or systems, which
could result in a material disruption to our business. In addition, we could incur additional costs
to remedy the damages caused by these disruptions.
Risks Relating to Our Expenses
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|
Due to the Nature of Our Business, We Could Be Involved in a Number of Litigation, Arbitration
and Administrative Proceedings to Enforce Our Patent Rights. |
While some companies seek licenses before they commence manufacturing and/or selling
devices that use our patented inventions, most do not. Consequently, we approach companies and seek
to establish license agreements for using our inventions. We expend significant effort identifying
potential users of our inventions and negotiating license agreements with companies that might be
reluctant to take licenses. However, if we believe that a third party is required to take a license
to our patents in order to manufacture, sell or use products, we might commence legal or
administrative action against the third party if they refuse to enter into a license agreement. In
turn, we could face counterclaims that challenge the essential nature of our patents, that our
patents are invalid, unenforceable or not infringed or that our royalty rates are not fair,
reasonable or nondiscriminatory. As a result of enforcing our patents, we could be subject to
significant legal fees and costs, including the costs and fees of opposing counsel in certain
jurisdictions if we are unsuccessful. In addition, litigation, arbitration and administrative
proceedings require significant key employee involvement for significant periods of time, which
could divert these employees from other business activities.
In addition, the cost of defending our intellectual property has been and might continue
to be significant. Litigation might be required to enforce our intellectual property rights,
protect our trade secrets, enforce patent license and confidentiality agreements or determine the
validity, enforceability and scope of proprietary rights of others. In addition, third parties
could commence litigation against us seeking to invalidate our patents or to have determined that
our patents are not infringed, or are not essential or invalid or unenforceable. As a result of any
such litigation, we could lose our proprietary rights or incur substantial unexpected operating
costs. Any action we take to protect our
23
intellectual property rights could be costly and could
require significant amounts of time by key members of executive management and other personnel.
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We Might Need to Defend Against Claims by Third Parties that We Infringe Their
Intellectual Property. |
A number of third parties publicly have claimed that they own patents essential to
various wireless Standards. Certain of our technology solutions are designed to comply with these
Standards. If any of our technology solutions are found to infringe the intellectual property
rights of a third party, we could be required to redesign the technology solutions, take a license
from the third party, pay damages to the third party or indemnify a customer or supplier for its
damages or other losses. If we are not able to negotiate a license and/or if we cannot economically
redesign the technology solutions, we could be prohibited from marketing the technology solutions.
In this case, our prospects for realizing future revenue could be adversely affected. If we are
required to obtain licenses and/or pay royalties to one or more patent holders, this could have an
adverse effect on the commercial implementation and profitability of our wireless technology solutions. In addition,
the associated costs to defend such claims could be significant and could divert the attention of
key executive management and other personnel.
Risks Related to Our Business Strategy, Markets and Competition
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We Depend on Key Senior Management, Engineering and Licensing Resources. |
Our future success depends largely upon the continued service of our directors, executive
officers and other key management and technical personnel. Our success also depends on our ability
to continue to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel with specialized licensing,
engineering and other skills. The market for such specialized talent in our industry is extremely
competitive. In particular, competition exists for qualified individuals with expertise in
licensing and with significant engineering experience in cellular and air interface technologies.
Our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel could be affected by any adverse decisions in
any litigation or arbitration and by our ability to offer competitive cash and equity compensation
and work environment conditions. The failure to attract and retain such persons with relevant and
appropriate experience could interfere with our ability to enter into new license agreements and
undertake additional technology and product development efforts, as well as our ability to meet our
strategic objectives.
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We Face Risks from Doing Business in Global Markets. |
A significant portion of our business opportunities exist in a number of international
markets. Accordingly, we could be subject to the effects of a variety of uncontrollable and
changing factors, including, but not limited to: difficulty in protecting our intellectual property
in foreign jurisdictions; enforcing contractual commitments in foreign jurisdictions or against
foreign corporations; government regulations, tariffs and other applicable trade barriers; currency
control regulations and variability in the value of the U.S. dollar against foreign currency;
social, economic and political instability; natural disasters, acts of terrorism, widespread
illness and war; potentially adverse tax consequences; and general delays in remittance of and
difficulties collecting non-U.S. payments. In addition, we also are subject to risks specific to
the individual countries in which we, our customers and our licensees do business.
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Our Industry Is Subject to Rapid Technological Change, Uncertainty and Shifting Market
Opportunities. |
Our market success depends, in part, on our ability to define and keep pace with changes
in industry Standards, technological developments and varying customer requirements. Changes in
industry Standards and needs could adversely affect the development of, and demand for, our
technology, rendering our technology currently under development obsolete and unmarketable. The
patents and applications comprising our portfolio have fixed terms, and, if we fail to anticipate
or respond adequately to these changes through the development or acquisition of new patentable
inventions, patents or other technology, we could miss a critical market opportunity, reducing or
eliminating our ability to capitalize on our patents, technology solutions or both.
Our Technologies Might Not Be Adopted By the Market or Widely Deployed.
We invest significant engineering resources in the development of advanced wireless
technology and related solutions. These investments might not be recoverable or might not result in
meaningful revenue if products based on the technologies in which we invest are not widely
24
deployed. Competing digital wireless technologies could reduce the opportunities for deployment of
technologies we develop. If the technologies in which we invest are not adopted in the mainstream
markets or in time periods we expect, or if we are unable to secure partner support for our
technologies, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
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The Markets for Our Technology Solutions Might Fail to Materialize in the Manner We
Expect. |
We are positioning our current development projects for the evolving advanced digital
wireless markets. Certain of these markets might continue to develop at a slower rate or pace than
we expect and might be of a smaller size than we expect. In addition, there could be fewer
applications for our technology and products than we expect. The development of advanced wireless
markets also could be affected by general economic conditions, customer buying patterns, timeliness
of equipment development, pricing of advanced wireless infrastructure and mobile devices, rate of
growth in telecommunications services and the availability of capital for, and the high cost of,
radio frequency licenses and infrastructure improvements. Failure of the markets for our
technologies and/or our products to materialize to the extent or at the rate we expect could reduce
our opportunities for sales and licensing and could materially adversely affect our long-term
business, financial condition and operating results.
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The High Amount of Capital Required to Obtain Radio Frequency Licenses, Deploy and Expand
Wireless Networks and Obtain New Subscribers Could Slow the Growth of the Wireless Communications
Industry and Adversely Affect Our Business. |
Our growth is dependent upon the increased use of wireless communications services that
utilize our technology. In order to provide wireless communications services, wireless operators
must obtain rights to use specific radio frequencies. The allocation of frequencies is regulated in
the United States and other countries throughout the world, and limited spectrum space is allocated
to wireless communications services. Industry growth might be affected by the amount of capital
required to obtain licenses to use new frequencies, deploy wireless networks to offer voice and
data services, expand wireless networks to grow voice and data services and obtain new subscribers.
The significant cost of licenses, wireless networks and subscriber additions might slow the growth
of the industry if wireless operators are unable to obtain or service the additional capital
necessary to implement or expand advanced wireless networks. Our growth could be adversely affected
if this occurs.
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Consolidation in the Wireless Communications Industry Could Adversely Affect Our
Business. |
The wireless communications industry has experienced consolidation of participants and
sales of participants or their businesses, and these trends might continue. Any concentration or
sale within the wireless industry might reduce the number of licensing opportunities or, in some
instances, result in the loss or elimination of existing royalty obligations. Further, if wireless
carriers consolidate with companies that utilize technologies competitive with our technologies, we
could lose market opportunities.
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Market Projections and Data Are Forward-Looking in Nature. |
Our strategy is based on our own projections and on analyst, industry observer and expert
projections, which are forward-looking in nature and are inherently subject to risks and
uncertainties. The validity of their and our assumptions, the timing and scope of the 3G and future
markets, economic conditions, customer buying patterns, timeliness of equipment development,
pricing of products, growth in wireless telecommunications services that would be delivered on 3G
devices and availability of capital for infrastructure improvements could affect these predictions.
The inaccuracy of any of these projections could adversely affect our operating results and
financial condition. In addition, market data upon which we rely is based on third party reports
that might be inaccurate.
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|
We Face Substantial Competition from Companies with Greater Resources. |
Competition in the wireless telecommunications industry is intense. We face competition
from companies developing other and similar technologies, including existing companies with
in-house development teams and new competitors to the market. Many current and potential
competitors might have advantages over us, including: (i) existing royalty-free cross-licenses to
competing and emerging technologies; (ii) longer operating histories and presence in key markets;
(iii) greater name recognition; (iv) access to larger customer bases; (v) economies of scale and
cost structure advantages; and (vi) greater financial, sales and marketing, manufacturing,
distribution, technical and other resources. In particular, our more limited resources and
capabilities might adversely affect our competitive position if the market were to move toward the
provision of an existing complete technology platform solution that larger equipment manufacturers
have the ability to provide.
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Our Technology and Product Development Activities Might Experience Delays. |
We might experience technical, financial, resource or other difficulties or delays
related to the further development of our technologies and products. Delays might have adverse
financial effects and might allow competitors with comparable technology and/or product offerings
to gain a commercial advantage over us. There can be no assurance that we will continue to have
adequate staffing or that our development efforts will ultimately be successful. Moreover, our
technologies have not been fully tested in commercial use, and it is possible that they might not
perform as expected. In addition, we might experience adverse effects due to potential delays or
denials in obtaining export licenses for the transfer of certain of our technologies, which might
be deemed controlled technology under U.S. export control laws, to certain countries. In such
cases, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected, and our
ability to secure new customers and other business opportunities could be diminished.
25
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We Rely on Relationships with Third Parties to Develop and Deploy Technology Solutions. |
Successful exploitation of our technology solutions is partially dependent on the
establishment and success of relationships with equipment producers and other industry
participants. Delays or failure to enter into licensing or other relationships to facilitate
technology development efforts or delays or failure to enter into technology licensing agreements
to secure integration of additional functionality could impair our ability to introduce into the
market portions of our technology and resulting products, cause us to miss critical market windows
or impair our ability to remain competitive.
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We Might Engage in Acquisitions or Strategic Transactions or Make Investments That Could
Result in Significant Changes or Management Disruption and Fail to Enhance Shareholder Value. |
We continue to evaluate and might acquire businesses, enter into joint ventures or other
strategic transactions and purchase equity and debt securities, including minority interests in
publicly traded and private companies and corporate bonds/notes. Most strategic investments entail
a high degree of risk and will not become liquid until more than one year from the date of
investment, if at all. Acquisitions or strategic investments might not generate financial returns
or result in increased adoption or continued use of our technologies. In addition, other
investments might not generate financial returns or might result in losses due to market
volatility, the general level of interest rates and inflation expectations. We could make strategic
investments in early-stage companies, which require us to consolidate or record our share of the
earnings or losses of those companies. Our share of any such losses would adversely affect our
financial results until we exit from or reduce our exposure to these investments.
Achieving the anticipated benefits of acquisitions depends in part upon our ability to
integrate the acquired businesses in an efficient and effective manner. The integration of
companies that have previously operated independently might result in significant challenges, and
we might be unable to accomplish the integration smoothly or successfully. The difficulties of
integrating companies include, among others:
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retaining key employees; |
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maintenance of important relationships; |
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minimizing the diversion of managements attention from ongoing business matters; |
|
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|
coordinating geographically separate organizations; |
|
|
|
|
consolidating research and development operations; and |
|
|
|
|
consolidating corporate and administrative infrastructures. |
We cannot assure you that the integration of acquired businesses with our business will
result in the realization of the full benefits anticipated by us to result from the acquisition. We
might not derive any commercial value from the acquired technology, products and intellectual
property or from future technologies and products based on the acquired technology and/or
intellectual property, and we might be subject to liabilities that are not covered by the
indemnification protection we might obtain.
Other Risks
|
|
The Outcome of Potential Domestic Patent Legislation, USPTO Rule Changes, International Patent
Rule Changes and Third Party Legal Proceedings Might Affect Our Patent Prosecution, Licensing and
Enforcement Strategies. |
Changes to certain U.S. and international patent laws and regulations might occur in the
future, some or all of which might affect our patent costs, the scope of future patent coverage we
secure and remedies we might be awarded in patent litigation, and might require us to reevaluate
and modify our patent prosecution, licensing and enforcement strategies. In addition, the potential
effect of rulings in legal proceedings among third parties might affect our patent prosecution,
licensing, and enforcement efforts. We continue to monitor and evaluate our prosecution, licensing
and enforcement strategies with regard to these developments.
|
|
The Price of Our Common Stock Could Continue to be Volatile. |
Historically, we have had large fluctuations in the price of our common stock, and such
fluctuations could continue. From January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2009, our common stock has traded
as low as $13.81 per share and as high as $36.91 per share. Factors that might contribute to
fluctuations in our stock price include, but are not limited to: general stock market conditions;
general market conditions for the wireless communications industry; changes in recommendations of
securities analysts; investor perceptions as to the likelihood of achievement of near-term goals;
changes in market share of significant licensees; announcements concerning litigation, arbitration
and other legal proceedings in
which we are involved; announcements concerning licensing and product matters; strategic
transactions, such as spin-offs, acquisitions or divestitures; and our operating results.
26
|
|
Approved Stock Repurchase Programs Might Not Result in a Positive Return of Capital to
Stockholders and Might Expose Us to Counterparty Risk. |
Our approved stock repurchases might not return value to stockholders because the market
price of the stock might decline significantly below the levels at which we repurchased shares of
stock. Stock repurchase programs are intended to deliver stockholder value over the long term, but
stock price fluctuations can reduce the programs effectiveness.
|
|
Changes to Our Tax Assets or Liabilities Could Have an Adverse Effect on Our
Consolidated Financial Condition or Results of Operations. |
The calculation of tax assets and liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating the impact
of uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. We are subject to examinations by the
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and other taxing jurisdictions on various tax matters, including
challenges to various positions we assert in our filings and foreign tax liability and withholding.
With our January 1, 2007 adoption of the guidance for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes,
certain tax contingencies are recognized when they are determined to be more likely than not to
occur. Although we believe we have adequately recorded tax assets and accrued for tax contingencies that meet this
criterion, we may not fully recover our tax assets or might be required to pay taxes in excess of the amounts we have accrued. As of
December 31, 2009 and 2008, there were certain tax contingencies that did not meet the applicable
criteria to record an accrual. In the event that the IRS or another taxing jurisdiction levies an
assessment in the future, it is possible the assessment could have an adverse effect on our
consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
|
|
Currency Fluctuations Could Negatively Affect Future Product Sales or Royalty Revenues or
Increase the U.S. Dollar Cost of Our Activities and International Strategic Investments. |
We are exposed to risk from fluctuations in currencies, which might change over time as
our business practices evolve, that could impact our operating results, liquidity and financial
condition. We operate and invest globally. Adverse movements in currency exchange rates might
negatively affect our business due to a number of situations, including the following:
|
|
|
If the effective price of products sold by our customers
were to increase as a result of fluctuations in the
exchange rate of the relevant currencies, demand for the
products could fall, which in turn would reduce our
royalty revenues. |
|
|
|
|
Assets or liabilities of our consolidated subsidiaries
might be subject to the effects of currency fluctuations,
which might affect our reported earnings. Our exposure to
foreign currencies might increase as we expand into new
markets. |
|
|
|
|
Certain of our operating and investing costs, such as
foreign patent prosecution, are based in foreign
currencies. If these costs are not subject to foreign
exchange hedging transactions, strengthening currency
values in selected regions could adversely affect our
near-term operating expenses, investment costs and cash
flows. In addition, continued strengthening of currency
values in selected regions over an extended period of time
could adversely affect our future operating expenses,
investment costs and cash flows. |
|
|
Unauthorized Use or Disclosure of Our Confidential Information Could Adversely Affect Our
Business. |
We enter into contractual relationships governing the protection of our confidential and
proprietary information with our employees, consultants and prospective and existing customers and
strategic partners. If we are unable to detect in a timely manner the unauthorized use or
disclosure of our proprietary or other confidential information or if we are unable to enforce our
rights under such agreements, the misappropriation of such information could harm our business.
|
|
If Wireless Handsets Are Perceived to Pose Health and Safety Risks, Demand for Products of
Our Licensees and Customers Could Decrease. |
Media reports and certain studies have suggested that radio frequency emissions from
wireless handsets might be linked to health concerns, such as brain tumors, other malignancies and
genetic damage to blood, and might interfere with electronic medical devices, such as pacemakers,
telemetry and delicate medical equipment. Growing concerns over radio frequency emissions, even if
unfounded, could discourage the use of wireless handsets and cause a decrease in demand for the
products of our licensees and customers. In addition, concerns over safety risks posed by the use
of wireless handsets while driving and the effect of any resulting legislation could reduce demand
for the products of our licensees and customers.
Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
None.
Item 2. PROPERTIES.
We own, subject to a mortgage, our corporate headquarters, which is located in King of
Prussia, Pennsylvania and consists of approximately 52,000 square feet of administrative office and
research space. We are also a party to a lease, extended during 2006, to expire in November 2012,
for approximately 56,125 square feet of administrative office and research space in Melville, New
York. In addition, we are a party to a lease, expanded during 2006 from approximately 11,918 square
feet to approximately 20,312 square feet of administrative office and
27
research space, in Montreal,
Quebec, Canada, and expiring in June 2011. These facilities are the principal locations for our
technology development activities.
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
Nokia USITC
In August 2007, InterDigital filed a USITC Complaint against Nokia Corporation and Nokia,
Inc. (collectively, Nokia) alleging that Nokia engaged in an unfair trade practice by selling for
importation into the United States, importing into the United States, and selling after importation
into the United States, certain 3G mobile handsets and components that infringe two of
InterDigitals patents. In November and December 2007, a third patent and fourth patent,
respectively, were added to our Complaint against Nokia. The Complaint seeks an exclusion order
barring from entry into the United States infringing 3G mobile handsets and components that are
imported by or on behalf of Nokia. Our Complaint also seeks a cease-and-desist order to bar further
sales of infringing Nokia products that have already been imported into the United States.
Nokia then unsuccessfully sought to terminate or stay the USITC investigation against it
on the ground that Nokia and we must first arbitrate an alleged dispute as to whether Nokia is
licensed under the patents asserted by InterDigital against Nokia in the USITC investigation. After
that effort failed, Nokia sought and obtained a preliminary injunction in the U.S. District Court
for the Southern District of New York preventing us from proceeding in the USITC against Nokia.
Shortly after the issuance of the preliminary injunction, the Nokia USITC investigation was stayed,
and the Nokia investigation was de-consolidated from an investigation we had earlier initiated
against Samsung in the USITC, which permitted the Samsung USITC investigation to move forward.
In July 2008, the Second Circuit reversed the preliminary injunction obtained by Nokia.
In September 2008, the Administrative Law Judge lifted the stay in the Nokia USITC investigation.
In March 2009, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York dismissed Nokias
claims relating to its alleged license dispute.
The evidentiary hearing in the Nokia USITC investigation was held from May 26, 2009
through June 2, 2009. On August 14, 2009, the Administrative Law Judge issued an Initial
Determination finding no violation of Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. The Initial
Determination found that our patents were valid and enforceable, but that Nokia did not infringe
these patents. In the event that a Section 337 violation were to be found by the Commission, the
Administrative Law Judge recommended the issuance of a limited exclusion order barring entry into
the United States of infringing Nokia 3G WCDMA handsets and components as well as the issuance of
appropriate cease and desist orders. On August 31, 2009, we filed a petition for review of certain
issues raised in the August 14, 2009 Initial Determination. On that same date, Nokia also filed a
contingent petition for review of certain issues in the Initial Determination. Responses to both
petitions were filed on September 8, 2009.
On October 16, 2009, the Commission issued a notice that it had determined to review in
part the Initial Determination, and that it affirmed the Administrative Law Judges determination
of no violation and terminated the investigation.
On November 30, 2009, InterDigital filed with the United States Court of Appeals for the
Federal Circuit a petition for review of certain rulings by the Commission. In the appeal, we can
raise any of the issues raised in our August 31, 2009 petition, except for the construction of the
term synchronize, on which the Commission took no position. The issue of validity, on which the
Commission also took no position, likewise cannot be raised in this
appeal. Refer to Note 8 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for
further discussion regarding the Nokia proceedings.
Item 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.
During fourth quarter 2009, no matters were submitted to a vote of our shareholders.
PART II
Item 5. |
|
|
MARKET FOR COMPANYS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES. |
Market Information.
The following table set forth the range of the high and low sales prices of our common stock for
the years 2009 and 2008, as reported by The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC.
28
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High |
|
Low |
2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First quarter |
|
$ |
33.69 |
|
|
$ |
20.43 |
|
Second quarter |
|
|
29.75 |
|
|
|
23.22 |
|
Third quarter |
|
|
31.79 |
|
|
|
20.64 |
|
Fourth quarter |
|
|
27.20 |
|
|
|
18.41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High |
|
Low |
2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First quarter |
|
$ |
23.49 |
|
|
$ |
16.53 |
|
Second quarter |
|
|
27.89 |
|
|
|
17.65 |
|
Third quarter |
|
|
28.00 |
|
|
|
18.01 |
|
Fourth quarter |
|
|
28.98 |
|
|
|
16.20 |
|
As of February 22, 2010, there were approximately 1,191
holders of record of our common stock. |
We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock. It is anticipated that in
the foreseeable future, without regard to any cash proceeds we may receive from any new
agreements or resolutions of outstanding arbitrations or litigations, no cash dividends will be
paid on our common stock and any cash otherwise available for such dividends will be reinvested
in our business or used to repurchase our common stock. When considering whether or not to pay
cash dividends, our Board of Directors assesses our earnings, any dividend requirements on
preferred stock, if issued in the future, our capital requirements and other relevant factors. |
29
COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN
Among InterDigital Inc., The NASDAQ Composite Index
And The NASDAQ Telecommunications Index
The following graph compares five-year cumulative total returns of the Company, the NASDAQ
Composite Index and the NASDAQ Telecommunications Stock Index. The graph assumes $100 was
invested in the common stock of InterDigital and each index as of December 31, 2004 and that all
dividends were reinvested. During this period, InterDigital has not declared or paid any
dividends on its common stock. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12/04 |
|
12/05 |
|
12/06 |
|
12/07 |
|
12/08 |
|
12/09 |
InterDigital Inc. |
|
|
100.00 |
|
|
|
82.90 |
|
|
|
151.81 |
|
|
|
105.57 |
|
|
|
124.43 |
|
|
|
120.18 |
|
NASDAQ Composite |
|
|
100.00 |
|
|
|
101.41 |
|
|
|
114.05 |
|
|
|
123.94 |
|
|
|
73.43 |
|
|
|
105.89 |
|
NASDAQ
Telecommunications |
|
|
100.00 |
|
|
|
91.66 |
|
|
|
119.67 |
|
|
|
132.55 |
|
|
|
77.09 |
|
|
|
107.17 |
|
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Repurchase of Common Stock
There were no repurchases of common stock during fourth quarter 2009.
30
Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.
(in thousands except per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
Consolidated statements of operations data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues (a) |
|
$ |
297,404 |
|
|
$ |
228,469 |
|
|
$ |
234,232 |
|
|
$ |
480,466 |
|
|
$ |
163,125 |
|
Income from operations (b) |
|
$ |
113,889 |
|
|
$ |
36,533 |
|
|
$ |
23,054 |
|
|
$ |
336,416 |
|
|
$ |
17,087 |
|
Income tax (provision) benefit (c ) |
|
$ |
(25,447 |
) |
|
$ |
(13,755 |
) |
|
$ |
(11,999 |
) |
|
$ |
(124,389 |
) |
|
$ |
34,434 |
|
Net income applicable
to common shareholders |
|
$ |
87,256 |
|
|
$ |
26,207 |
|
|
$ |
20,004 |
|
|
$ |
225,222 |
|
|
$ |
54,685 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per common
share basic (d) |
|
$ |
1.98 |
|
|
$ |
0.58 |
|
|
$ |
0.41 |
|
|
$ |
4.16 |
|
|
$ |
.99 |
|
Net income per common
share diluted (d) |
|
$ |
1.95 |
|
|
$ |
0.57 |
|
|
$ |
0.40 |
|
|
$ |
4.00 |
|
|
$ |
.95 |
|
Weighted average number
of common shares outstanding basic (d) |
|
|
43,295 |
|
|
|
44,928 |
|
|
|
47,766 |
|
|
|
53,426 |
|
|
|
54,048 |
|
Weighted average number
of common shares outstanding diluted (d) |
|
|
44,080 |
|
|
|
45,794 |
|
|
|
49,078 |
|
|
|
55,623 |
|
|
|
56,691 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated balance sheet data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
210,863 |
|
|
$ |
100,144 |
|
|
$ |
92,018 |
|
|
$ |
166,385 |
|
|
$ |
27,877 |
|
Short-term investments |
|
|
198,943 |
|
|
|
41,516 |
|
|
|
85,449 |
|
|
|
97,581 |
|
|
|
77,831 |
|
Working capital |
|
|
449,762 |
|
|
|
114,484 |
|
|
|
214,229 |
|
|
|
332,574 |
|
|
|
125,181 |
|
Total assets |
|
|
905,785 |
|
|
|
405,768 |
|
|
|
534,885 |
|
|
|
564,076 |
|
|
|
299,537 |
|
Total debt |
|
|
1,052 |
|
|
|
2,929 |
|
|
|
3,717 |
|
|
|
1,572 |
|
|
|
1,922 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders equity |
|
$ |
169,537 |
|
|
$ |
87,660 |
|
|
$ |
137,067 |
|
|
$ |
275,476 |
|
|
$ |
174,314 |
|
|
|
|
(a) |
|
In 2006, we recognized $253.0 million of revenue related to the resolution of disputes
with Nokia regarding our 1999 Patent License Agreement. |
|
(b) |
|
In 2009, our income from operations included charges of $38.6 million associated with
actions to reposition the Companys operations.
In 2008, the Company recognized a $3.9 million
non-recurring benefit associated with a reduction in a contingent liability, and in
2007, the Company recognized non-recurring charges totaling $24.4 million associated
with increases to contingent liabilities. In 2005, our income from operations included
charges of $1.5 million associated with actions to reposition the Companys
operations. |
|
(c) |
|
In 2009, our income tax provision included a benefit of approximately $16.4 million, related to the recognition of foreign tax credits. See Note
13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further
discussion on these foreign tax credits. |
|
(d) |
|
We adopted the guidance related to the determination as to whether instruments granted
in share-based payment transactions are participating securities. We have restated all
prior years in accordance with the Standard. See Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion on
the adoption of this guidance. |
Item 7. MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS.
OVERVIEW
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Selected Financial Data,
the Consolidated Financial Statements, and the notes thereto contained in this document. Please
refer to the Glossary of Terms immediately following the Table of Contents for a listing and
detailed description of the various technical, industry, and other defined terms that are used in
this Form 10-K.
Business
We design and develop advanced digital wireless technologies for use in digital cellular
and wireless IEEE 802-related products and networks. We actively participate in and contribute our
technology solutions to worldwide organizations responsible for the development and approval of
Standards to which digital cellular and IEEE 802-compliant products are built, and our
contributions are regularly incorporated into such Standards. In addition, we develop solutions
for improving bandwidth availability and network capacity, wireless security and seamless
connectivity and mobility across networks and devices. We offer licenses to our patents to
equipment producers that manufacture, use and sell digital cellular and IEEE 802-related products.
In addition, we offer for license or sale our mobile broadband modem solutions (modem IP, know-how,
and reference platforms) to mobile device manufacturers, semiconductor companies and other
equipment producers that
31
manufacture, use and sell digital cellular products. We have built our suite of technology and
patent offerings through independent development, joint development with other companies and
selected acquisitions. We have also assembled a number of leading technology partners that share
our vision and complement our internal research and development efforts. Currently, we generate
revenues primarily from royalties received under our patent license agreements. We also generate
revenues by licensing our technology solutions and providing related development support.
Our goal is to derive revenue from every 3G mobile device sold, either in the form of patent
licensing revenues, technology solutions-related revenues or a combination of these elements. As of
December 2009, we had entered into patent license agreements covering over one-half of all 3G
mobile devices sold worldwide. In recent years, our patent license agreements have contributed the
majority of our cash flow and revenues. In addition, our technology solutions offer an additional
means to generate revenue from 3G mobile devices and we continue to develop an array of technology
solutions to address the evolution of wireless communications to a network of networks and to
further improve the capabilities of wireless networks through connectivity, mobility and advanced
intelligent data delivery techniques.
In 2009, 2008, and 2007 our total revenues were $297.4 million, $228.5 million, and $234.2
million, respectively, and our patent licensing revenues were $287.6 million, $216.5 million, and
$230.8 million, respectively. Patent licensing revenue made up at least 95% of our total revenues
in each period.
In 2009, the amortization of fixed fee royalty payments accounted for approximately 63% of our
patent licensing revenues. Due to the nature of the revenue recognition, these fixed fee revenues
are not affected by the related licensees success in the market or the general economic climate.
The majority of the remaining portion of our patent licensing revenue is variable in nature due to
the per unit nature of the related license agreements. Approximately 60% of this per-unit variable
portion for 2009 related to sales of product by Japanese licensees for whom the majority of the
sales are within Japan. As a result, our per-unit variable patent license royalties have been, and
will continue to be, largely influenced by sales within the Japanese market.
Patent Licensing
Samsung Settlement and Patent License
On January 14, 2009, we entered into
the 2009 Samsung PLA.
Under the terms of the agreement, Samsung agreed to pay $400.0 million in
four equal installments over an 18-month period.
We recognized $98.5 million of fixed fee revenue related to our agreement with Samsung during
2009. During 2009, we received the first two of four installments of $100.0 million from Samsung
under the 2009 Samsung PLA. As of December 31, 2009, $200.0 million of accrued accounts receivable
was recorded for the remaining two $100.0 million installments, of which we received a scheduled
$100.0 million payment in January 2010.
Other License Agreements
During third quarter 2009, we signed two additional patent license agreements, including our
first agreement to specifically cover terminal units designed to operate in accordance with WiMax,
WiBro, LTE, and LTE-Advanced standards and an agreement that covers the sale of Machine-to-Machine
(M2M) modules. In connection with these agreements and a related stock purchase agreement, we
have received or will be due $90.0 million of fixed cash payments and common stock of one of our
licensees valued at $21.7 million, and variable royalties based on the sale of one of our
licensees M2M modules.
Patent Licensing Royalties
Patent license royalties in 2009 of $287.6 million increased 33% from the prior year and
represented the most significant portion of our total revenue of $297.4 million. This $71.1 million
year-over-year increase in patent license royalties resulted from the 2009 Samsung PLA and the two
additional patent license agreements signed in third quarter 2009. These new agreements more than
offset the loss of revenue related to the expiration of our license agreements with certain
licensees and a 15% decline in per-unit royalties resulting primarily from an overall decline in
unit volume from our Japanese licenses.
Expiration of the LG License
In December 2010, we will complete our amortization of $285.0 million of royalty revenue
associated with our patent license agreement with LG. LG contributed approximately $57.5 million
or 19% of our revenue in 2009. This license covers the sale of (i) terminal units designed to
operate in accordance with 2G and 2.5G TDMA-based and 3G standards, and (ii) infrastructure
designed to operate in accordance with cdma2000 technology and its extensions up to a limited
threshold amount. Under the terms of the agreement, LG paid $285.0 million in three equal
installments from 2006 through 2008. Upon expiration of the agreement, LG will receive a paid-up
license to sell single-mode GSM/GPRS/EDGE terminal units under the patents included under the
license, and become unlicensed as to all other products covered under the agreement.
32
We continue to place substantial focus on renewing agreements that have or will expire and
expanding our patent licensee base, both with the top tier handset manufacturers and other market
participants.
Nokia United States International Trade Commission Decision
On October 16, 2009, it was announced that in the U.S. International Trade Commission
(USITC) investigation initiated by us against Nokia, the USITC issued a notice that it reviewed
in part the Initial Determination (ID) by the Chief Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) and found no
violation of Section 337 and has terminated the investigation. In the ID, the ALJ found
InterDigitals patents valid and enforceable, but also determined that the patents were not
infringed by Nokias 3G products. The USITC action originated in August 2007, when we filed a
complaint with the USITC alleging that Nokia engaged in unfair trade practices by selling for
importation into the United States, importing, and selling after importation, certain 3G handsets
and components that infringe four of our U.S. patents.
During December 2009, we filed an appeal of the USITCs decision to the United States Court of
Appeals for the Federal Circuit. In such an appeal, we can raise any of the issues raised in its
August 31, 2009 petition, except for the construction of the term synchronize, on which the
Commission took no position. The issue of validity, on which the Commission also took no position,
likewise cannot be raised in such an appeal.
Cash and Short-Term Investments
At December 31, 2009, we had $409.8 million of cash and short-term investments. A substantial
portion of this balance relates to fixed and prepaid royalty payments we have received that relate
to future sales of our licensees products. As a result, our cash receipts from existing licenses
subject to fixed and prepaid royalties will be reduced in future periods. We currently plan to
preserve a significant portion of our cash and short-term investments to finance our business in
the near future and will review our cash and short-term investment position if and when we receive
new prepaid royalty payments or sign new patent license agreements.
During 2009, we recorded $506.5 million of cash receipts related to patent licensing and
technology solutions agreements as follows
(in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
Current royalties |
|
$ |
63,643 |
|
Prepaid royalties and past sales |
|
|
191,840 |
|
Fixed royalty payments |
|
|
237,750 |
|
Technology solutions |
|
|
13,267 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
506,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
These
cash receipts contributed to a $268.1 million increase in our cash and short-term
investments and, together with a $179.0 million increase in accounts receivable, resulted in a
$408.6 million increase in deferred revenue to $668.3 million at December 31, 2009. Approximately
$461.0 million of our $668.3 million deferred revenue balance relates to fixed royalty payments
that are scheduled to amortize as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
$ |
193,296 |
|
2011 |
|
|
110,094 |
|
2012 |
|
|
117,770 |
|
2013 |
|
|
15,026 |
|
2014 |
|
|
10,747 |
|
Thereafter |
|
|
14,022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
460,955 |
|
|
|
|
|
The remaining $207.3 million of deferred revenue relates to prepaid royalties which will be
recorded as revenue as our licensees report their sales of covered products. Based on information
provided by the related licensees, we expect the prepaid royalty balance will cover sales of
related products for several years.
We continue to place substantial focus on renewing agreements that have or will expire and
expanding our patent licensee base, both with the top tier handset manufacturers and other market
participants.
Repositioning
On March 30, 2009, we announced a repositioning plan that includes the expansion of the
technology development and licensing business, the cessation of further product development of the
SlimChip modem technology, and efforts to monetize the technology investment through IP
33
licensing and technology sales. In connection with the repositioning, the Company incurred a charge
of $38.6 million during 2009. Of this amount, approximately $30.6 million represents non-cash asset
impairments that relate to assets used in the product and product development, including $21.2
million of acquired intangible assets and $9.4 million of property, equipment, and other assets.
In addition, the repositioning resulted in a reduction in force of approximately 100 employees
across the Companys three locations, the majority of which were terminated effective April 3,
2009. Approximately $8.0 million of the repositioning charge represents cash obligations associated
with severance and contract termination costs.
We do not expect to incur any additional cost related to this repositioning.
Repurchase of Common Stock
In 2006, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $350.0 million of our
outstanding common stock (the 2006 Repurchase Program). In October 2007, our Board of Directors
authorized a $100.0 million share repurchase program (the 2007 Repurchase Program).
In March 2009, our Board of Directors authorized another $100.0 million share repurchase program (the
2009 Repurchase Program).
The Company
could repurchase shares under the programs through open market purchases, pre-arranged trading
plans, or privately negotiated purchases.
We completed the 2006 Repurchase Program in first half
2007, under which we repurchased a cumulative total of 11.3 million shares of common stock for
$350.0 million, including 4.8 million shares of common stock for $157.6 million repurchased during
2007. Under the 2007 Repurchase Program, we repurchased approximately 1.0 million shares of common stock for $18.5 million in 2007. During 2008 we completed the 2007 Repurchase Program, under which we repurchased a cumulative
total of 4.8 million shares for $100.0 million, including 3.8 million shares we repurchased for
$81.5 million in 2008. During 2009, we repurchased approximately
1.0 million shares for $25.0 million under the 2009 Repurchase Program.
From
January 1, 2010 through February 26, 2010, no repurchases were made under the 2009
Repurchase Program.
Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement
From time to time, if we believe any party is required to license our patents in order to
manufacture and sell certain digital cellular products and such party has not done so, we may
institute legal action against them. This legal action typically takes the form of a patent
infringement lawsuit or an administrative proceeding such as a Section 337 proceeding before the
U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC). In addition, we and our licensees, in the normal
course of business, might seek to resolve disagreements between the parties with respect to the
rights and obligations of the parties under the applicable license agreement through arbitration or
litigation.
In 2009, our patent litigation and arbitration costs decreased to $16.3 million from $34.0
million and $38.6 million in 2008 and 2007, respectively. This represented 29% of our 2009 total
patent administration and licensing costs of $56.1 million. Patent litigation and arbitration costs
will vary depending upon activity levels and it is likely they will continue to be a significant
expense for us in the future.
Comparability of Financial Results
When comparing 2009 financial results against other periods, the following item should be taken
into consideration:
|
|
|
Our 2009 revenue included $3.0 million of royalties related to past sales recognized in
connection with a new licensee and the resolution of an audit of one
of our licensees. |
|
|
|
|
Our 2009 operating expense included a $38.6 million repositioning charge in connection
with our first quarter 2009 decision to cease further product development of our
SlimChip modern technology. |
|
|
|
|
Our 2009 operating expenses are net of the reversal of $2.3 million of compensation
expense that was originally recorded in 2008. The adjustment was based on our revised
expectations for the anticipated payout associated with a long-term performance-based
incentive program. This adjustment reduced 2009 development expense, selling, general and
administrative expense, and patent licensing and arbitration costs by
$1.4 million, $0.6
million, and $0.3 million, respectively. |
|
|
|
|
Our 2009 selling, general and administrative expense is net of the reversal of $1.5
million of bad debt expense. The reversal related to the collection of $1.5 million
accounts receivable for which we had established a full reserve in prior periods. |
|
|
|
|
Our 2009 income tax expense is net of a $16.4 million tax benefit that relates to our
plan to amend our U.S. federal income tax returns for prior years to switch the foreign tax
payments we made during those years from deductions to foreign tax credits. Our
recognition of this tax benefit is based upon the benefit being more likely than not to be
sustainable upon audit by the relevant tax authority. The process to amend these returns
is complicated and involves tax treaty procedures for both U.S. and foreign tax authorities.
It is possible that at the conclusion of this process, the $16.4 million benefit may not be
realized in full or in part, or that we may realize a benefit of up to $19.1 million. |
34
|
|
|
Our 2009 Interest and investment (loss ) income includes a $3.9 million charge to reduce
the carrying value of our investment in Kineto Wireless to approximately $1.0 million. |
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are based on the selection and application of accounting
principles, generally accepted in the United States of America, which require us to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in both our consolidated financial statements and
the accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with absolute
certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual
results could differ from these estimates and any such differences may be material to the financial
statements. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to our Consolidated
Financial Statements and are included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. We believe the accounting
policies that are of particular importance to the portrayal of our financial condition and results
and that may involve a higher degree of complexity and judgment in their application compared to
others are those relating to revenue recognition, compensation, and income taxes. If
different assumptions were made or different conditions existed, our financial results could have
been materially different.
Revenue Recognition
We derive the majority of our revenue from patent licensing. The timing and amount of revenue
recognized from each licensee depends upon a variety of factors, including the specific terms of
each agreement and the nature of the deliverables and obligations. Such agreements are often
complex and include multiple elements. These agreements can include, without limitation, elements
related to the settlement of past patent infringement liabilities, up-front and non-refundable
license fees for the use of patents and/or know-how, patent and/or know-how licensing royalties on
covered products sold by licensees, cross-licensing terms between us and other parties, the
compensation structure and ownership of intellectual property rights associated with contractual
technology development arrangements, advanced payments and fees for service arrangements, and
settlement of outstanding patent litigation. Due to the inherent difficulty in establishing
reliable, verifiable, and objectively determinable evidence of the fair value of the separate
elements of these agreements, the total revenue resulting from such agreements may often be
recognized over the performance period. In other circumstances, such as those agreements involving
consideration for past and expected future patent royalty obligations, after consideration of the
particular facts and circumstances, the appropriate recording of revenue between periods may
require the use of judgment. In all cases, revenue is only recognized after all of the following
criteria are met: (1) written agreements have been executed; (2) delivery of technology or
intellectual property rights has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) fees are fixed or
determinable; and (4) collectability of fees is reasonably assured.
We establish a receivable for payments expected to be received within twelve months from the
balance sheet date based on the terms in the license. Our reporting of such payments often results
in an increase to both accounts receivable and deferred revenue. Deferred revenue associated with
fixed fee royalty payments is classified on the balance sheet as short-term when it is scheduled to
be amortized within twelve months from the balance sheet date. All other deferred revenue is
classified as long-term, as amounts to be recognized over the next twelve months are not known.
Patent License Agreements
Upon signing a patent license agreement, we provide the licensee permission to use our
patented inventions in specific applications. We account for patent license agreements in
accordance with the guidance for revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables and the guidance
for revenue recognition. We have elected to utilize the leased-based model for revenue recognition,
with revenue being recognized over the expected period of benefit to the licensee. Under our patent
license agreements, we typically receive one or a combination of the following forms of payment as
consideration for permitting our licensees to use our patented inventions in their applications and
products:
Consideration for Prior Sales: Consideration related to a licensees product sales from
prior periods may result from a negotiated agreement with a licensee that utilized our patented
inventions prior to signing a patent license agreement with us or from the resolution of a
35
disagreement or arbitration with a licensee over the specific terms of an existing license
agreement. We may also receive consideration for prior sales in connection with the settlement of
patent litigation where there was no prior patent license agreement. In each of these cases, we
record the consideration as revenue when we have obtained a signed agreement, identified a fixed
or determinable price, and determined that collectability is reasonably assured.
Fixed Fee Royalty Payments: These are up-front, non-refundable royalty payments that
fulfill the licensees obligations to us under a patent license agreement for a specified time
period or for the term of the agreement for specified products, under certain patents or patent
claims, for sales in certain countries, or a combination thereof in each case for a specified
time period (including for the life of the patents licensed under the agreement). We recognize
revenues related to Fixed Fee Royalty Payments on a straight-line basis over the effective term of
the license. We utilize the straight-line method because we cannot reliably predict in which
periods, within the term of a license, the licensee will benefit from the use of our patented
inventions.
Prepayments: These are up-front, non-refundable royalty payments towards a licensees
future obligations to us related to its expected sales of covered products in future periods. Our
licensees obligations to pay royalties typically extend beyond the exhaustion of their Prepayment
balance. Once a licensee exhausts its Prepayment balance, we may provide them with the opportunity
to make another Prepayment toward future sales or it will be required to make Current Royalty
Payments.
Current Royalty Payments: These are royalty payments covering a licensees obligations to
us related to its sales of covered products in the current contractual reporting period.
Licensees
that either owe us Current Royalty Payments or have Prepayment
balances are obligated to provide us
with quarterly or semi-annual royalty reports that summarize their sales of covered products and
their related royalty obligations to us. We typically receive these royalty reports subsequent to
the period in which our licensees underlying sales occurred. We recognize revenue in the period in
which the royalty report is received and other revenue recognition criteria are met due to the fact
that without royalty reports from our licensees, our visibility into our licensees sales is very
limited.
The exhaustion of Prepayments and Current Royalty Payments are often calculated based on
related per-unit sales of covered products. From time-to-time, licensees will not report revenues
in the proper period, most often due to legal disputes. When this occurs, the timing and
comparability of royalty revenue could be affected.
In cases where we receive objective, verifiable evidence that a licensee has discontinued
sales of products covered under a patent license agreement with us, we recognize any related
deferred revenue balance in the period that we receive such evidence.
During 2007, we recognized revenue of $5.2 million related to unpaid patent licensee
royalties. We based our recognition of this revenue on royalty reports received, despite the fact
that the licensee had expressed its belief that it did not have a current payment obligation. We
believed that we were entitled to these royalty payments and the eventual collection of these
amounts was reasonably assured; we subsequently collected these amounts in 2008.
Technology Solutions Revenue
Technology solutions revenue consists primarily of revenue from software licenses and
engineering services. Software license revenues are recognized in accordance with the original and
revised guidance for software revenue recognition. When the arrangement with a customer includes
significant production, modification, or customization of the software, we recognize the related
revenue using the percentage-of-completion method in accordance with the accounting guidance for
construction-type and certain production-type contracts. Under this method, revenue and profit are
recognized throughout the term of the contract, based on actual labor costs incurred to date as a
percentage of the total estimated labor costs related to the contract. Changes in estimates for
revenues, costs, and profits are recognized in the period in which they are determinable. When such
estimates indicate that costs will exceed future revenues and a loss on the contract exists, a
provision for the entire loss is recognized at that time.
We recognize revenues associated with engineering service arrangements that are outside the
scope of the accounting guidance for construction-type and certain production-type contracts on a
straight-line basis, unless evidence suggests that the revenue is earned in a different pattern,
over the contractual term of the arrangement or the expected period during which those specified
services will be performed, whichever is longer. In such cases we often recognize revenue using
proportional performance and measure the progress of our performance based on the relationship
between incurred labor hours and total estimated labor hours or other measures of progress, if
available. Our most significant cost has been labor and we believe both labor hours and labor cost
provide a measure of the progress of our services. The effect of changes to total estimated
contract costs is recognized in the period such changes are determined.
When technology solutions agreements include royalty payments, we recognize revenue from the
royalty payments using the same methods described above under our policy for recognizing revenue
from patent license agreements.
Compensation Programs
We use a variety of compensation programs to both attract and retain employees and more
closely align employee compensation with Company performance. These programs include, but are not
limited to, an annual bonus tied to performance goals, cash awards to inventors for
36
filed patent applications and patent issuances, restricted stock unit (RSU) awards for
non-managers and a long-term compensation program (LTCP) for managers that includes both
time-based and performance-based RSUs and a performance-based cash incentive component. The LTCP is
designed to alternate between RSU and cash cycles, each of which cover a three-year period and can
overlap with another cycle by as many as two years. The cycles
relevant to the 2007 2009
reporting period are:
|
|
|
Cash Cycle 2a: A long-term performance cash incentive covering the period July 1, 2005
through December 31, 2008; |
|
|
|
|
RSU Cycle 2: RSUs granted on January 1, 2005, which vest on or before January 1, 2008; |
|
|
|
|
RSU Cycle 3: RSUs granted on January 1, 2007, which vest on or before January 1, 2010; |
|
|
|
|
Cash Cycle 3: A long-term performance cash incentive covering the period January 1,
2008 through December 31, 2010; and |
|
|
|
|
RSU Cycle 4: RSUs granted on January 1, 2009, which vest on or before January 1, 2012. |
We recognized share-based compensation expense of $9.8 million, $5.1 million, and $9.8 million
in 2009, 2008, and 2007, respectively. The majority of the share-based compensation expense, for
all years, related to RSU awards granted to managers under our LTCP. We also recognized $(0.1)
million, $17.2 million, and $3.9 million of compensation expense in 2009, 2008, and 2007,
respectively, related to the performance-based cash incentive under
our LTCP. The 2009 amount includes a credit of $2.3 million to reduce
the accrual rate for Cash Cycle 3 of our LTCP from 100% to 50% based
on revised expectations for a lower payout. This $2.3 million
adjustment related to the reduction of our accrual established in the
prior year. The 2008
amount includes a fourth quarter charge of $9.4 million to increase our accrual for Cash Cycle 2a
from the previously estimated payout of 100% to the actual payout of 175%. The increase in the
incentive payout was driven by the Companys success in achieving a number of key goals, including
signing LG and Samsung, two of the top five cellular handset OEMs, to 3G licensing agreements.
These licenses helped increase our share of the 3G market under license from approximately 20% to
approximately 50%, and drove substantial positive operating cash flow over the period. Due to the
2009 credit to adjust the accrual rate on Cash Cycle 3 and the structure of the different cycles in
the LTCP, we expect that 2010 expenses associated with the performance-based cash incentive and
RSUs will be approximately $4.8 million more than 2009. However, the amount recorded could either
increase or decrease dependent upon both the number of employees that qualify for the LTCP and our
future assessment of the expected attainment of pre-established performance goals.
At December 31, 2009, accrued compensation expense associated with the LTCPs
performance-based cash incentive was based on an estimated payout of 50% for Cash Cycle 3. Under
the program, 100% achievement of the goals set by the Compensation Committee of the Board of
Directors results in a 100% payout of the performance-based cash incentive target amounts. For each
1% change above or below 100% achievement, the payout is adjusted by 2.5 percentage points with a
maximum payout of 225% and no payout for performance that falls below 80% of target results. The
following table provides examples of the performance-based cash incentive payout that would be
earned based on various levels of goal achievement:
|
|
|
|
|
Goal |
|
|
|
Achievement |
|
Payout |
|
less than 80% |
|
|
0 |
% |
80% |
|
|
50 |
% |
100% |
|
|
100 |
% |
120% |
|
|
150 |
% |
150% or greater |
|
|
225 |
% |
If we had assumed that goal achievement for Cash Cycle 3 was 100%, we would have accrued $9.2
million of related compensation expense through December 31, 2009. If we had assumed that goal
achievement for Cash Cycle 3 would be either 120% or 80%, we would have accrued either $4.6 million
more or less, respectively, of related compensation expense through December 31, 2009. However, our
estimated accrual could either increase or decrease in the future dependent upon our assessment of
the expected attainment against pre-established performance goals.
During 2006, the equity component of the LTCP was amended such that, beginning with the
January 1, 2007 grant, executives now receive 50% of their RSU grant as performance-based RSUs and
50% as time-based. Under the amendment, the Companys managers now receive 25% of their RSU grant as performance-based RSUs and 75% as time-based.
Under the program, 100% achievement of the goals set by the Compensation Committee of the
Board of Directors results in a 100% payout of the performance-based RSU incentive target amounts.
For each 1% change above or below 100% achievement, the payout is adjusted by
37
4 percentage points with a maximum payout of 300%. For performance that falls below 80% of target, no share payout
would occur. The following table provides examples of the performance-based RSU payout that would
be earned based on various levels of goal achievement:
|
|
|
|
|
Goal |
|
|
|
Achievement |
|
Payout |
|
less than 80% |
|
|
0 |
% |
80% |
|
|
20 |
% |
100% |
|
|
100 |
% |
120% |
|
|
180 |
% |
150% or greater |
|
|
300 |
% |
At December 31, 2009, we did not meet the criteria specified by the accounting guidance for
stock-based compensation to accrue performance-based equity compensation associated with either the
RSU Cycle 3 or RSU Cycle 4 grants. If we had met the criteria with 100% goal achievement, we would
have accrued $5.0 million of related compensation expense through December 31, 2009. We will
establish an accrual for the performance-based RSUs under RSU Cycle 4 in the future if our future
assessment of the expected attainment against pre-established performance goals meets certain
criteria for performance-based share compensation. RSU Cycle 3 ended on January 1, 2010 with less
than 80% goal achievement.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under this method,
deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences
attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and
liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in
which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred
tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of
Income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce
the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets if management has determined that it is more likely
than not that such assets will not be realized.
In addition, the calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating
the impact of uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. We are subject to examinations
by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and other taxing jurisdictions on various tax matters,
including challenges to various positions we assert in our filings. In the event that the IRS or
another taxing jurisdiction levies an assessment in the future, it is possible the assessment could
have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
The financial statement recognition of the benefit for a tax position is dependent upon the
benefit being more likely than not to be sustainable upon audit by the applicable tax authority. If
this threshold is met, the tax benefit is then measured and recognized at the largest amount that
is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. In the event that
the IRS or another taxing jurisdiction levies an assessment in the future, it is possible the
assessment could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results
of operations.
During fourth quarter 2009, we completed a study to assess the Companys ability to utilize
foreign tax credit carryovers into the tax year 2006. As a result of the study, we are currently
planning to amend our United States federal income tax returns for the periods 1999 2005 to
reclaim the foreign tax payments we made during those periods from deductions to foreign tax
credits. We have established a basis to support amending the returns and estimate that the maximum
incremental benefit will be approximately $19.1 million. We recorded a net benefit of $16.4
million after establishing a $2.7 million reserve for related tax contingencies. The process to
amend these returns is complicated involving tax treaty proceedings including both U.S. and foreign
tax jurisdictions. It is possible that at the conclusion of this process the $16.4 million benefit
we recognized may not be realized in full or in part or that we may realize the maximum benefit of
$19.1 million.
Between 2006 and 2009, we paid approximately
$101.1 million in foreign taxes for which we have
claimed foreign tax credits against our U.S. tax obligations. It is possible that as a result of
tax treaty procedures, the U.S. government may reach an agreement with the related foreign
governments that will result in a partial refund of foreign taxes paid with a related reduction in
our foreign tax credits. Due to both foreign currency fluctuations and differences in the interest
rate charged by the U.S. government compared to the interest rates, if any, used by the foreign
governments, any such agreement could result in interest expense and/or foreign currency gain or
loss.
New Accounting Guidance
Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions are Participating
Securities
In June 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued guidance related to the
determination as to whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions are
participating securities. Under this guidance, unvested share-based payment awards that contain
non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are
participating securities and shall be included in the earnings
allocation in computing earnings per share
computation pursuant to the two class method. We adopted this guidance on January 1, 2009 and, in
38
accordance with this guidance, have retrospectively adjusted prior-period earnings per share data.
The table below displays the as previously reported and as adjusted basic and diluted earnings
per share for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007. Refer to the most recent form 10-Q
quarterly filing for the quarterly basic and diluted earnings per share.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
2008 |
|
2007 |
As previously reported: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share basic |
|
$ |
0.58 |
|
|
$ |
0.42 |
|
Net income per share diluted |
|
$ |
0.57 |
|
|
$ |
0.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As adjusted: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share basic |
|
$ |
0.58 |
|
|
$ |
0.41 |
|
Net income per share diluted |
|
$ |
0.57 |
|
|
$ |
0.40 |
|
Accounting Standards Updates: Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables
In September 2009, the FASB finalized revenue recognition guidance for Revenue Arrangements
with Multiple Deliverables. By providing another alternative for determining the selling price of
deliverables, the Accounting Standard Update related to revenue arrangements with multiple
deliverables will allow companies to allocate arrangement consideration in multiple deliverable
arrangements in a manner that better reflects the transactions economics and will often result in
earlier revenue recognition. In addition, the residual method of allocating arrangement
consideration is no longer permitted under this new guidance. This guidance is effective for fiscal
years beginning on or after June 15, 2010. However, adoption was permitted as early as interim
period ended September 30, 2009. The guidance may be applied either prospectively from the
beginning of the fiscal year for new or materially modified arrangements or retrospectively. We
have not yet adopted this guidance. Based upon our preliminary assessment of the impact of this
guidance, we believe that revenue recognition may be accelerated in the future. We will continue
to evaluate this guidance so that we can determine the impact on the Companys financial condition
and results of operations upon adoption.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are routinely involved in disputes associated with enforcement and licensing activities
regarding our intellectual property, including litigations and other proceedings. These litigations
and other proceedings are important means to enforce our intellectual property rights. A January
2009 settlement of various litigations and other proceedings with Samsung resulted in a $400.0
million patent license agreement. We are a party to other disputes and legal actions not related to
our intellectual property, but also arising in the ordinary course of our business. Refer to Item 3
of Part I of this Form 10-K for a complete description of our material legal proceedings.
FINANCIAL POSITION, LIQUIDITY, AND CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, as
well as cash generated from operations. We have the ability to obtain additional liquidity through
debt and equity financings, but have not had a significant debt or equity financing in over 10
years. Based on our past performance and current expectations, we believe our available sources of
funds, including cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments and cash generated from our
operations will be sufficient to finance our operations, capital requirements, and any stock
repurchase programs that we may initiate in the next twelve months. Although our existing revenue
streams have been affected by the recent global economic downturn, our near-term revenues are
partially insulated from market swings since approximately 63% of our patent license revenues were
based on fixed payments in 2009.
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments
At December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, we had the following amounts of
cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments (in thousands):
39
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase/ |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
(Decrease) |
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
210,863 |
|
|
$ |
100,144 |
|
|
$ |
110,719 |
|
Short-term investments |
|
|
198,943 |
|
|
|
41,516 |
|
|
|
157,427 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments |
|
$ |
409,806 |
|
|
$ |
141,660 |
|
|
$ |
268,146 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The increase in our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments was
primarily due to our receipts of the first two of four $100.0 million installments from Samsung
under our recently signed patent license agreement and new prepayments from two existing licensees
totaling $182.4 million. After using these and other receipts to fund our operations, working
capital requirements, and share repurchases in 2009, we invested the excess in short-term
investments.
Cash flows from operations
We generated the following cash flows from our operating activities in 2009 and 2008 (in
thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase/ |
|
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
|
(Decrease) |
Cash flows from operating activities |
|
$ |
320,694 |
|
|
$ |
85,811 |
|
|
$ |
234,883 |
|
The positive operating cash flow in 2009 arose principally from receipts of
approximately $506.5 million related to patent licensing and technology solutions agreements. These
receipts included the first two of four installments of $100.0 million from Samsung under our
January 2009 license agreement. We also received prepayments of $182.4 million from two existing
licensees, per-unit royalty payments of $73.0 million from other existing or new licensees, other
fixed fee payments of $37.8 million, and cash receipts from our technology solutions customers
totaling $13.3 million, primarily related to royalties associated with our SlimChip modem IP.
These receipts, along with a $1.1 million increase in net working capital, were partially offset by
cash operating expenses (operating expenses less depreciation of fixed assets, amortization of
intangible assets, non-cash repositioning charges, and non-cash compensation) of $120.3 million,
cash payments for foreign source withholding taxes of $40.9 million primarily related to Samsung
and Pantech cash receipts, an estimated federal tax payment of $4.0 million, and a $21.8 million
payment on long-term cash incentive plans.
The positive operating cash flow in 2008 arose principally from receipts of approximately
$275.3 million related to patent licensing and technology solution agreements. These receipts
included the final $95.0 million payment from LG, a new prepayment of $29.6 million from an
existing licensee, per-unit royalty payments of $83.2 million from other existing licensees, other
fixed fee payments of $64.3 million, and cash receipts from our technology solutions totaling $3.2
million, primarily related to royalties associated with our SlimChip modem IP. These receipts were
partially offset by cash operating expenses (operating expenses less depreciation of fixed assets,
amortization of intangible assets and non-cash compensation) of $158.0 million, cash payments for
foreign source withholding taxes of $16.0 million, estimated federal income tax payments of $7.2
million, and $8.3 million of other changes in working capital during 2008.
Working capital
We believe that working capital, adjusted to exclude cash and cash equivalents, short-term
investments, current maturities of debt, and current deferred revenue provides additional
information about assets and liabilities that may affect our near-term liquidity. Our adjusted
working capital, a non-GAAP financial measure, reconciles to working capital, the most directly
comparable GAAP financial measure, at December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008 (in thousands):
40
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase/ |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
(Decrease) |
|
Current assets |
|
$ |
702,322 |
|
|
$ |
241,021 |
|
|
$ |
461,301 |
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
(252,560 |
) |
|
|
(126,537 |
) |
|
|
(126,023 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Working capital |
|
|
449,762 |
|
|
|
114,484 |
|
|
|
335,278 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Subtract) Add |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
(210,863 |
) |
|
|
(100,144 |
) |
|
|
(110,719 |
) |
Short-term investments |
|
|
(198,943 |
) |
|
|
(41,516 |
) |
|
|
(157,427 |
) |
Current portion of long-term debt |
|
|
584 |
|
|
|
1,608 |
|
|
|
(1,024 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current deferred revenue |
|
|
193,409 |
|
|
|
78,646 |
|
|
|
114,763 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted working capital |
|
$ |
233,949 |
|
|
$ |
53,078 |
|
|
$ |
180,871 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The $180.9 million increase in adjusted working capital from 2008 to 2009 is
primarily due to our recently signed patent license agreement with Samsung. Our recognition of the
last two installment payments under this agreement, one of which we received during first
quarter 2010 and the other which is due from Samsung within the next twelve months, increased
accounts receivable by $200.0 million. Deferred tax assets increased $19.5 million, primarily
related to a timing difference in the recognition of deferred revenue for book and tax purposes. The
decrease in accrued compensation related to first quarter 2009 payments against our long-term
cash-incentive plan further contributed to the increase in adjusted working capital. These items were
partially offset by an increase of $33.8 million in foreign taxes payable associated with the
Samsung and Pantech license agreements and the increase of $3.7 million in other accrued expenses
primarily attributable to accrued legal fees and accrued repositioning charges.
Cash Used in Investing and Financing Activities
We used net cash from investing activities of $194.6 million in 2009 and we obtained net cash
from investing activities of $2.6 million in 2008. We purchased $157.5 million of short-term
marketable securities, net of sales, in 2009 and we sold $44.0 million of short-term marketable
securities, net of purchases, in 2008. This increase in purchases was driven by higher cash
receipts, as discussed above, and lower cash requirements due to our repositioning during 2009.
Purchases of property and equipment and capitalized technology costs decreased to $5.1 million in
2009 from $12.6 million in 2008 due to the lower levels of
development tools and engineering equipment needed
in 2009 due to our cessation of further SlimChip product development. Investment costs associated
with patents increased from $28.2 million in 2008 to $31.3 million in 2009 in connection with the
continued growth of our patent portfolio.
Net
cash used in financing activities decreased $64.9 million primarily due to our reduced
levels of stock repurchase activity in 2009. We also received $5.5 million and $2.4 million more in
respective contributions from option exercises and tax benefits from share-based compensation as
compared to the prior year.
Other
Our combined short-term and long-term deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2009 was
approximately $668.3 million, an increase of $408.6 million from December 31, 2008. We have no
material obligations associated with such deferred revenue. In 2009, we recorded gross increases in
deferred revenue of $633.7 million primarily related to the $400.0 million received or due from
Samsung under the 2009 Samsung PLA license agreement signed in January 2009, $182.4 million in
prepayments from two existing licensees, and $41.7 million of cash received or due and stock
received from a new licensee. Prepayments are non-refundable payments towards a licensees future
obligations to pay royalties, and typically cover 3 to 5 year periods. The gross increases in
deferred revenue were partially offset by 2009 deferred revenue recognition of $181.7 million
related to the amortization of fixed fee royalty payments, $43.4 million related to per-unit
exhaustion of prepaid royalties (based upon royalty reports provided by our licensees), and the
recognition of deferred revenue related to technology solutions agreements.
Based on current license agreements, we expect the amortization of fixed fee royalty payments
to reduce the December 31, 2009 deferred revenue balance of $668.3 million by $193.3 million over
the next twelve months. Additional reductions to deferred revenue will be dependent upon the level
of per-unit royalties our licensees report against prepaid balances.
At December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, we had approximately 2.1 million and 2.9 million
stock options outstanding, respectively, that had exercise prices less than the fair market value
of our stock at each balance sheet date. These stock options would generate $30.4 million and $38.9
million of cash proceeds to the Company if they were fully exercised.
41
Credit Facility
In December 2005, we entered into a two year $60.0 million unsecured revolving
credit facility (Credit Agreement). We did not borrow against the Credit Agreement during the
initial two year term. In December 2007, we entered into an Amendment to Credit Agreement
resulting in the continuation of our two year $60.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility
through December 2009. In light of our current financial position and in connection with the
reduction of recurring operating expenses expected to result from our repositioning plan, we
elected to terminate our $60.0 million unsecured revolving credit agreement on April 2, 2009.
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31,
2009 (in millions):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments Due by Period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less Than |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
1 year |
|
|
1-3 Years |
|
|
4-5 Years |
|
|
Thereafter |
|
Debt |
|
$ |
0.7 |
|
|
$ |
0.2 |
|
|
$ |
0.5 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Capital lease obligations |
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating lease obligations |
|
|
6.6 |
|
|
|
2.4 |
|
|
|
3.9 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase obligations (a) |
|
|
6.6 |
|
|
|
6.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total contractual obligations |
|
$ |
14.2 |
|
|
$ |
9.5 |
|
|
$ |
4.4 |
|
|
$ |
0.3 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(a) |
|
Purchase obligations consist of agreements to purchase goods and services that are
legally binding on us, as well as accounts payable. |
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined by regulation S-K 303(a)(4)
promulgated under the Securities Act of 1934.
Results of Operations
2009 Compared With 2008
Revenues
The following table compares 2009 revenues to 2008 revenues (in millions):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended |
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
Increase/ (Decrease) |
Per-unit royalty revenue |
|
$ |
102.9 |
|
|
$ |
120.6 |
|
|
$ |
(17.7 |
) |
|
|
(15 |
%) |
Fixed fee amortized royalty revenue |
|
|
181.7 |
|
|
|
86.5 |
|
|
|
95.2 |
|
|
|
110 |
% |
Past infringement and other royalties |
|
|
3.0 |
|
|
|
9.4 |
|
|
|
(6.4 |
) |
|
|
(68 |
%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total patent licensing royalties |
|
|
287.6 |
|
|
|
216.5 |
|
|
|
71.1 |
|
|
|
33 |
% |
Technology solutions revenue |
|
|
9.8 |
|
|
|
12.0 |
|
|
|
(2.2 |
) |
|
|
(18 |
%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenue |
|
$ |
297.4 |
|
|
$ |
228.5 |
|
|
$ |
68.9 |
|
|
|
30 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The $68.9 million increase in revenue in 2009 was primarily attributable to increased patent
licensing royalties in 2009 compared to 2008. Patent licensing royalties increased $71.1 million
in 2009, due to the addition of $102.9 million in fixed fee amortized royalty revenue from patent
license agreements we signed with Samsung and Pantech in 2009. This increase was partially offset
by a decrease in fixed fee revenues related to the expiration of certain smaller license
agreements in 2009. Per-unit royalty revenues decreased $17.7 million, as a result of a decrease
in per-unit royalty revenues which was primarily attributable to industry-wide declines in handset
sales, specifically the softening market in Japan. Despite the overall decline in per-unit
royalties, certain licensees with concentrations in the smartphone market reported increased
royalties in 2009.
The decrease in technology solutions revenue in 2009 was primarily attributable to engineering
service fees earned in 2008 associated with our SlimChip modem IP, which did not recur during 2009.
This decrease was partially offset by an increase in royalties earned on our SlimChip modem IP
relating to our licensees product sales.
42
In 2009 and 2008, 62% and 53% of our total revenues for the respective years were attributable
to companies that individually accounted for 10% or more of these amounts. During 2009 or 2008 the
following customers accounted for 10% or more of total revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
Samsung Electronics Company, Ltd. |
|
|
33 |
% |
|
|
<10 |
% |
LG Electronics |
|
|
19 |
% |
|
|
25 |
% |
Sharp Corporation |
|
|
10 |
% |
|
|
16 |
% |
NEC Corporation |
|
|
<10 |
% |
|
|
12 |
% |
Operating Expenses
The following table summarizes the change in operating expenses by category (in millions):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended |
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
(Decrease)/Increase |
|
Selling, general and administrative |
|
$ |
24.8 |
|
|
$ |
33.4 |
|
|
$ |
(8.6 |
) |
|
|
(26% |
) |
Patent administration and licensing |
|
|
56.1 |
|
|
|
63.5 |
|
|
|
(7.4 |
) |
|
|
(12% |
) |
Development |
|
|
64.0 |
|
|
|
98.9 |
|
|
|
(34.9 |
) |
|
|
(35% |
) |
Repositioning |
|
|
38.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38.6 |
|
|
|
100% |
|
Arbitration and litigation contingencies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3.9 |
) |
|
|
3.9 |
|
|
|
(100% |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses |
|
$ |
183.5 |
|
|
$ |
191.9 |
|
|
$ |
(8.4 |
) |
|
|
(4% |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Excluding $38.6 million repositioning charges in 2009 and $3.9 million non-recurring
adjustments to arbitration and litigation contingencies in 2008, operating expenses decreased 26%
to $144.9 million in 2009 from $195.8 million in 2008. The $50.9 million decrease was primarily due
to (decreases)/increases in the following items (in millions):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Decrease)/ |
|
2009 |
|
Increase |
|
Patent litigation and arbitration |
|
$ |
(17.6 |
) |
Long-term cash incentives |
|
|
(17.3 |
) |
Personnel-related costs |
|
|
(8.5 |
) |
Consulting services |
|
|
(6.2 |
) |
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
(6.1 |
) |
Reserve for uncollectible accounts |
|
|
(4.5 |
) |
Engineering software and equipment maintenance |
|
|
(2.3 |
) |
Other |
|
|
(0.3 |
) |
Share-based compensation |
|
|
4.7 |
|
Insurance reimbursement |
|
|
7.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total decrease in operating expenses excluding
repositioning charges and arbitration and
litigation contingencies |
|
|
(50.9 |
) |
Repositioning charge |
|
|
38.6 |
|
Arbitration and litigation contingencies |
|
|
3.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total decrease in operating expenses |
|
$ |
(8.4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Patent litigation and arbitration decreased primarily due to the resolution of our various
disputes with Samsung and the third quarter 2008 resolution of the Nokia UK disputes. The decrease
in long-term cash incentive cost resulted primarily from a 2008 charge of $9.4 million to increase
our accrual for Cash Cycle 2a of our LTCP from the previously estimated payout of 100% to the
actual payout of 175%. The decrease also resulted from our decision in 2009 to reduce the accrual
rate for Cash Cycle 3 of our LTCP from 100% to 50%, based on our revised expectations for a lower
payout. This $2.3 million adjustment
related to the reduction of our accrual established in the prior
year, reduced our 2009 development expense, selling, general and
administrative expense and patent administration and licensing
expense by $1.4 million, $0.6
million and $0.3 million, respectively. The balance of the
43
decrease in long-term cash incentives
and the increase in share-based compensation was due to the structure of our LTCP, which includes
overlapping long-term cash incentive cycles in 2008 and overlapping RSU cycles in 2009. Due to the
repositioning announced on March 30, 2009, we wrote-off a number of our fixed assets and associated
accumulated depreciation used in the product business and decreased headcount by approximately 100
employees. As of result of these actions, depreciation and amortization, personnel-related costs,
consulting services, and engineering software and equipment maintenance decreased approximately
$23.1 million from the prior year. The decrease in bad debt expense was related to our partial
collection of an overdue account receivable associated with our SlimChip modem IP. The related
customer has agreed to a new payment schedule, and we may further reduce this reserve in future
periods as the related payments are collected. The increase for the insurance reimbursement
includes $7.2 million insurance receipts during 2008 to reimburse us for a portion of our defense
costs in certain litigation with Nokia; there were no such receipts in 2009.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense: The decrease in selling, general and administrative
expense was primarily attributable to the reduction of personnel-related costs ($1.1 million) due
to the repositioning announced on March 30, 2009, the reduction in bad debt expense ($4.5 million)
and the adjustment to the long-term cash incentive accrual.
Patent Administration and Licensing Expense: The decrease in patent administration and licensing
expense primarily resulted from the decrease in patent litigation and arbitration ($17.6 million)
and the adjustment recorded to the long-term cash incentive accrual. These decreases were partially
offset by the above-noted increase in insurance reimbursement ($7.2 million) and increased patent
amortization and maintenance expense ($4.3 million).
Development Expense: The decrease in development expense was primarily due to the repositioning
announced on March 30, 2009, and the adjustment to the long-term cash incentive accrual.
Repositioning Expense: On March 30, 2009, we announced a repositioning plan under which we (i) have
begun to expand our technology development and licensing business and (ii) ceased further product
development of our SlimChip HSPA technology and have sought to monetize the product investment
through technology licensing. In connection with the repositioning plan, we incurred certain costs
associated with exit or disposal activities. The repositioning resulted in a reduction in force of
approximately 100 employees across our three locations. We incurred a repositioning charge of $38.6
million in 2009.
Arbitration and Litigation Contingencies: In 2008, we recognized a non-recurring credit of $3.9
million associated with the reduction of a previously established accrual associated with our
contingent obligation to reimburse Nokia for a portion of its attorneys fees associated with the
resolution of the UK matters.
Interest and Investment (Loss) Income, Net
Net interest and investment (loss) income decreased $4.6 million or 135% from $3.4 million in
2008 to ($1.2) million in 2009. The decrease primarily resulted from a $3.9 million write-down in
2009 of our investment in Kineto Wireless (Kineto), as well as lower rates of return in 2009 as
compared to 2008. This was partially offset by $0.6 million of interest income related to our 2009
settlement of litigation with the Federal Insurance Company during 2009.
Income Taxes
Excluding our fourth quarter recognition of $16.4 million in foreign tax credits, our
effective tax rate for 2009 was approximately 37.2% compared to 34.5% for 2008. This increase was
driven by non-deductible impairment charges recognized in fourth quarter 2009 and the absence of a
research and development credit for 2009.
2008 Compared With 2007
Revenues
The following table compares 2008 revenues to 2007 revenues (in millions):
44
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended |
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
Increase/ (Decrease) |
Per-unit royalty revenue |
|
$ |
120.6 |
|
|
$ |
136.9 |
|
|
$ |
(16.3 |
) |
|
|
(12 |
%) |
Fixed fee amortized royalty revenue |
|
|
86.5 |
|
|
|
79.2 |
|
|
|
7.3 |
|
|
|
9 |
% |
Past infringement and other royalties |
|
|
9.4 |
|
|
|
14.7 |
|
|
|
(5.3 |
) |
|
|
(36 |
%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total patent licensing royalties |
|
|
216.5 |
|
|
|
230.8 |
|
|
|
(14.3 |
) |
|
|
(6 |
%) |
Technology solutions revenue |
|
|
12.0 |
|
|
|
3.4 |
|
|
|
8.6 |
|
|
|
253 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenue |
|
$ |
228.5 |
|
|
$ |
234.2 |
|
|
$ |
(5.7 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The $5.7 million decrease in revenue in 2008 was primarily attributable to decreased patent
licensing royalties in 2008 compared to 2007. The decline in patent licensing royalties was
primarily due to the absence of 2G revenues from Sony Ericsson, along with the softening market in
Japan. These decreases were partially offset by a $14.2 million increase from all other new and
existing licensees.
The $8.6 million increase in technology solutions revenue was primarily attributable to
royalties and license fees associated with our SlimChip modem IP.
In 2008 and 2007, 53% and 58% of our total revenue for the respective years, were attributable
to companies that individually accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue. During 2008 and
2007, the following customers accounted for 10% or more of total revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
2008 |
|
2007 |
LG Electronics |
|
|
25 |
% |
|
|
25 |
% |
Sharp Corporation |
|
|
16 |
% |
|
|
19 |
% |
NEC Corporation |
|
|
12 |
% |
|
|
14 |
% |
Operating Expenses
The following table summarizes the change in operating expenses by category (in millions):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
(Decrease)/Increase |
Selling, general and administration |
|
$ |
33.4 |
|
|
$ |
30.1 |
|
|
$ |
3.3 |
|
|
|
11 |
% |
Patent administration and licensing |
|
|
63.5 |
|
|
|
71.5 |
|
|
|
(8.0 |
) |
|
|
(11 |
%) |
Development |
|
|
98.9 |
|
|
|
85.2 |
|
|
|
13.7 |
|
|
|
16 |
% |
Arbitration and litigation contingencies |
|
|
(3.9 |
) |
|
|
24.4 |
|
|
|
(28.3 |
) |
|
|
(116 |
%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses |
|
$ |
191.9 |
|
|
$ |
211.2 |
|
|
$ |
(19.3 |
) |
|
|
(9 |
%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Excluding changes of $28.3 million of non-recurring adjustments to arbitration and litigation
contingencies, operating expenses increased from $186.8 million in 2007 to $195.8 million in 2008.
The $9.0 million increase was primarily due to increases/(decreases) in the following items (in
millions):
45
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term cash incentives |
|
$ |
13.3 |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
6.2 |
|
Personnel-related costs |
|
|
4.2 |
|
Reserve for uncollectible accounts |
|
|
3.0 |
|
Insurance reimbursement |
|
|
(5.5 |
) |
Patent litigation and arbitration |
|
|
(4.6 |
) |
Share-based compensation |
|
|
(4.3 |
) |
Patent maintenance |
|
|
(1.3 |
) |
Other |
|
|
(2.0 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Total increase in operating expenses excluding arbitration & litigation contingencies |
|
|
9.0 |
|
Decrease in arbitration and litigation contingencies |
|
|
(28.3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Total decrease in operating expenses |
|
$ |
(19.3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
The increase in long-term cash incentive cost resulted from a charge of $9.4 million to
increase our accrual for Cycle 2a of our LTCP from the previously estimated payout of 100% to the
actual payout of 175%. The balance of this increase and the decrease in share-based compensation
were both due to the structure of our LTCP which resulted in overlapping RSU cycles in 2007 and
overlapping performance-based cash incentive cycles in 2008. Patent amortization increased due to
increased levels of internal inventive activity in recent years resulting in the expansion of our
patent portfolio. Other depreciation and amortization increased primarily due to acquisitions of
tools and technology licenses over the last two years associated with our SlimChip product family.
Personnel-related costs increased in 2008 primarily due to the addition of internal resources
throughout 2007 for the development of our SlimChip product family and annual wage increases. The
increase in the reserve for uncollectible accounts related to the establishment of a reserve
against an account receivable associated with our SlimChip modem IP. The decrease for the insurance
reimbursement includes $7.2 million insurance receipts during 2008 to reimburse us for a portion of
our defense costs in certain litigation with Nokia. This reimbursement was $5.5 million greater
than a related reimbursement recorded in 2007. Patent litigation and arbitration expenses decreased
primarily due to the stay of the Nokia Delaware proceedings which was issued in December 2007 and
the resolution of the Nokia UK disputes in July 2008. This decrease was partially offset by
increased activity related to our USITC proceedings against Samsung and Nokia in 2008. The decrease
in patent maintenance costs was due to a decline from the high level of patent reviews performed in
2007.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense: The increase in selling, general and
administrative expense in 2008 was primarily due to the reserve for uncollectable accounts ($3.0
million), long-term cash incentives ($4.0 million) and personnel related costs ($0.7 million).
These increases were partially offset by a decrease in share-based compensation ($1.5 million) and
reductions in the high levels of legal and consulting costs required to assist with our legal
entity reorganization and strategic planning in 2007 ($1.0 million).
Patents Administration and Licensing Expense: The decrease in patent administration and licensing
expense resulted from the insurance reimbursement ($5.5 million) and decreases in patent litigation
and arbitration ($4.6 million) and patent maintenance ($1.3 million). These decreases were
partially offset by an increase in patent amortization expense ($2.6 million) and long-term cash
incentives ($0.7 million).
Development Expense: The increase in development expense was due to increases in long-term cash
incentives ($8.6 million), depreciation and amortization ($4.5 million) and personnel-related costs
($3.0 million). These increases were partially offset by the decrease in share-based compensation
($3.1 million).
Arbitration and Litigation Contingencies: In 2008, we recognized a non-recurring credit of $3.9
million associated with the reduction of a previously established accrual related to our contingent
obligation to reimburse Nokia for a portion of its attorneys fees incurred in connection with the
recently resolved UK matters. In 2007, we accrued non-recurring charges of $16.6 million and $7.8
million related to our contingent obligations to reimburse Federal under an insurance reimbursement
agreement and to reimburse Nokia for a portion of their legal fees associated with the UK II case,
respectively.
Interest and Investment Income (Loss), Net
Net interest and investment income (loss) of $3.4 million in 2008 decreased $5.5 million or
62% from $8.9 million in 2007. The decrease primarily resulted from lower rates of return and lower
investment balances in 2008 as compared to 2007, as well as a $0.7 million write-down of our
investment in Kineto during 2008.
Income Taxes
Our income tax provision for both 2008 and 2007 consisted of the statutory federal tax rate
plus book-tax permanent differences related to the companys research and development credits.
46
Expected Trends
In
first quarter 2010, we expect to report recurring revenues from existing agreements in
the range of $78.0 million to $79.0 million. The expected range does not
include any potential impact from additional new agreements that might be signed during
first quarter 2010 or additional royalties identified in regularly conducted audits.
We expect our effective tax rate in 2010 to return to levels slightly above
the federal statutory rate of 35%. However, our effective tax rate could be affected by
further adjustments to the carrying value of our foreign tax credits until the resolution of
the related tax treaty proceedings. Such adjustments would be dictated by changes in
facts and circumstances and are very difficult to predict.
We
continue to place substantial focus on renewing agreements that have
or will expire
and expanding our patent licensee base, both with the top tier handset manufactures and
other market participants. In addition we are pursuing opportunities to license our modem
IP which, if successful, could add incremental technology services revenue.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Form 10-K, including Items 1 and 7, contains forward-looking statements. Words such as
expect, will, believe, could, would, should, if, may, might, anticipate,
future, target, goal, trend, seek to, seeking, will continue, outcome, predict,
estimate, likely, in the event or similar expressions contained herein are intended to
identify such forward-looking statements. Although forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K
reflect the good faith judgment of our management, such statements can only be based on facts and
factors currently known by us. These statements reflect, among other things, our current beliefs,
plans and expectations as to:
(i) Our strategy for achieving our goal of deriving revenue from every 3G mobile device sold.
(ii) Our belief that:
(a) a number of our patented inventions are or may be essential, or may become essential, to
products built to 2G and 3G cellular Standards and other Standards such as IEEE 802 and that
companies making, using or selling products designed to operate in accordance with these Standards
are required to take a license under our essential patents;
(b) our patent enforcement costs could continue to be a significant expense for us;
(c) if a party successfully asserted that some of our patents are not valid, should be
revoked, do not cover their products or are not infringed, there would not be any material adverse
impact on our ongoing revenues under existing patent license agreements, but there could be an
impact on our ability to generate new royalty streams; and
(d) the loss of revenues or cash payments from our licensees generating revenues exceeding 10%
of our total revenues would adversely affect either our cash flow or results of operations and
could affect our ability to achieve or sustain acceptable levels of profitability.
(iii) The anticipated proliferation of converged devices and growth in global wireless
subscriptions.
(iv) Factors driving the continued growth of wireless product and services sales over the next five
years.
(v) The types of licensing arrangements and various royalty structure models that we anticipate
using under our future license agreements, including the impact of current trends in the industry
that could result in reductions in and/or caps on royalty rates under new license agreements.
(vi) The possible outcome of audits of our license agreements when underreporting or underpayment
is revealed.
(vii) The timing, outcome and/or impact of our various litigation, arbitration or administrative
proceedings with respect to our costs, future license agreements and accounting recognition.
(viii) The impact of potential domestic patent legislation, USPTO rule changes and international
patent rule changes on our patent prosecution and licensing strategies.
(ix) Our competition and factors necessary for us to remain successful in light of such
competition.
(x) Our
plans to reinvest cash proceeds in our business or repurchase our
common stock in lieu of paying cash dividends on our common stock.
(xi) Our
effective tax rate in 2010 returning to levels slightly above the
federal statutory rate of 35%.
Consequently, forward-looking statements concerning our business, results of operations and
financial condition are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties. We caution readers that
actual results and outcomes could differ materially from those expressed in or anticipated by such
forward-looking statements. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties outlined in
greater detail in this Form 10-K, including Item 1A, before making any investment decision with
respect to our common stock. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking
statements, which are made only as of the date of this Form 10-K. We undertake no obligation to
revise or update publicly any forward-looking statement for any reason, except as otherwise
required by law.
Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Cash Equivalents and Investments
The primary objectives of our investment activities are to preserve principal and maintain
liquidity while at the same time capturing a market rate of return. To achieve these objectives, we
maintain our portfolio of cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments in a
variety of securities, including government obligations, corporate bonds, and commercial paper.
Interest Rate Risk We invest our cash in a number of diversified high quality
investment-grade fixed and floating rate securities with a fair value of $409.8 million at December
31, 2009. Our exposure to interest rate risks is not significant due to the short average maturity,
quality, and diversification of our holdings. We do not hold any derivative, derivative commodity
instruments or other similar financial
47
instruments in our portfolio. The risk associated with
fluctuating interest rates is generally limited to our investment portfolio. We believe that a
hypothetical 10% change in period-end interest rates would not have a significant impact on our
results of operations or cash flows.
The following table provides information about our interest-bearing securities that are
sensitive to changes in interest rates as of December 31, 2009. The table presents principal cash
flows, weighted-average yield at cost and contractual maturity dates. Additionally, we have assumed
that these securities are similar enough within the specified categories to aggregate these
securities for presentation purposes.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Principal Amount by Expected Maturity
Average Interest Rates
(in millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
2011 |
|
2012 |
|
2013 |
|
2014 |
|
Thereafter |
|
Total |
Money market and
demand accounts |
|
$ |
133.0 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
133.0 |
|
Cash equivalents |
|
$ |
77.9 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
77.9 |
|
Short-term investments |
|
$ |
155.7 |
|
|
$ |
26.9 |
|
|
$ |
15.1 |
|
|
$ |
0.6 |
|
|
$ |
0.3 |
|
|
$ |
0.3 |
|
|
$ |
198.9 |
|
Interest rate |
|
|
0.9% |
|
|
|
0.3% |
|
|
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
0.0% |
|
|
|
0.0% |
|
|
|
0.0% |
|
|
|
0.6% |
|
Cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value.
Bank Liquidity Risk As of December 31, 2009, we have approximately $133.0 million in
operating accounts that are held with domestic and international financial institutions. The
majority of these balances are held with domestic financial institutions. While we monitor daily
cash balances in our operating accounts and adjust the cash balances as appropriate, these cash
balances could be lost or become inaccessible if the underlying financial institutions fail or if
they are unable to meet the liquidity requirements of their depositors. Notwithstanding, we have
not incurred any losses and have had full access to our operating accounts to date. We believe any
failures of our domestic financial institutions could significantly impact our ability to fund our
operations in the short-term.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk We are exposed to risk from fluctuations in currencies,
which might change over time as our business practices evolve, that could impact our operating
results, liquidity and financial condition. We operate and invest globally. Adverse movements in
currency exchange rates might negatively affect our business due to a number of situations.
Currently, our international licensing agreements are typically made in U.S. dollars and are
generally not subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk. We do not engage in foreign exchange
hedging transactions at this time.
Investment Risk We are exposed to market risk as it relates to changes in the market value
of our short-term and long-term investments in addition to the liquidity and credit worthiness of
the underlying issuers of our investments. We place our investments in instruments that meet high
credit quality standards, as specified in our investment policy guidelines. This policy also limits
our amount of credit exposure to any one issue, issuer and type of instrument. Given that the
guidelines of our investment policy prohibit us from investing in anything but highly rated
instruments, our investments are not subject to significant fluctuations in fair value due to the
volatility of the credit markets and prevailing interest rates for such securities. Our marketable
securities, consisting of government obligations, corporate bonds, and commercial paper, are
classified as available-for-sale with fair values of $198.9 million as of December 31, 2009.
Credit Market Risk Since September 2007, there has been a prolonged disruption in global
financial markets that has led to a major crisis in debt and equity capital markets and a global
economic recession. This period of economic weakness has impacted the value of most types of
investment- and non-investment-grade bonds and debt obligations and
mortgage and asset-backed
securities. At December 31, 2009, we held a significant portion of our corporate cash in
diversified portfolios of fixed and floating-rate, investment-grade marketable securities,
mortgage and asset-backed securities, U.S. government and other securities that have been affected
by these credit market concerns, but we have not had significant losses to date.
Long-Term Debt
The table below sets forth information about our long-term debt obligation, by expected
maturity dates.
48
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expected Maturity Date |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
(in millions) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014 |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and |
|
Fair |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
|
2012 |
|
|
|
2013 |
|
|
Beyond |
|
Value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debt obligation |
|
$ |
0.6 |
|
|
$ |
0.3 |
|
|
$ |
0.2 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
1.1 |
|
Interest rate |
|
|
6.71 |
% |
|
|
8.28 |
% |
|
|
8.28 |
% |
|
|
0.00 |
% |
|
|
0.00 |
% |
|
|
7.41 |
% |
49
Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PAGE |
|
|
|
NUMBER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SCHEDULES: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts |
|
|
83 |
|
All other schedules are omitted because they are either not required or applicable or
equivalent information has been included in the financial statements and notes thereto.
50
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of InterDigital, Inc.:
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying index present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of InterDigital, Inc. and its subsidiaries
at December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of
the three years in the period ended December 31, 2009 in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial
statement schedule listed in the accompanying index presents fairly, in all material respects, the
information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial
statements. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective
internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in
Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission (COSO). The Companys management is responsible for these financial statements
and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial
reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting,
included in Managements Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing
under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the
financial statement schedule, and on the Companys internal control over financial reporting based
on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and
perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free
of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was
maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on
a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over
financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial
reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the
design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also
included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable
assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial
statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A
companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i)
pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the
transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that
transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company
are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company;
and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized
acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the
financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or
detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are
subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that
the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
February 26, 2010
51
INTERDIGITAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per-share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DECEMBER 31, |
|
|
DECEMBER 31, |
|
ASSETS |
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
CURRENT ASSETS: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
210,863 |
|
|
$ |
100,144 |
|
Short-term investments |
|
|
198,943 |
|
|
|
41,516 |
|
Accounts receivable, less allowances of $1,500 and $3,000 |
|
|
212,905 |
|
|
|
33,892 |
|
Deferred tax assets |
|
|
68,500 |
|
|
|
49,002 |
|
Prepaid and other current assets |
|
|
11,111 |
|
|
|
16,467 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets |
|
|
702,322 |
|
|
|
241,021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET |
|
|
10,399 |
|
|
|
20,974 |
|
PATENTS, NET |
|
|
119,170 |
|
|
|
102,808 |
|
INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET |
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,731 |
|
DEFERRED TAX ASSETS |
|
|
31,652 |
|
|
|
7,724 |
|
OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS, NET |
|
|
42,242 |
|
|
|
10,510 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
203,463 |
|
|
|
164,747 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL ASSETS |
|
$ |
905,785 |
|
|
$ |
405,768 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CURRENT LIABILITIES: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current portion of long-term debt |
|
$ |
584 |
|
|
$ |
1,608 |
|
Accounts payable |
|
|
6,284 |
|
|
|
9,127 |
|
Accrued compensation and related expenses |
|
|
10,592 |
|
|
|
33,038 |
|
Deferred revenue |
|
|
193,409 |
|
|
|
78,646 |
|
Taxes payable |
|
|
33,825 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other accrued expenses |
|
|
7,866 |
|
|
|
4,118 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities |
|
|
252,560 |
|
|
|
126,537 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LONG-TERM DEBT |
|
|
468 |
|
|
|
1,321 |
|
LONG-TERM DEFERRED REVENUE |
|
|
474,844 |
|
|
|
181,056 |
|
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES |
|
|
8,376 |
|
|
|
9,194 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES |
|
|
736,248 |
|
|
|
318,108 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred Stock, $0.10 par value, 14,399 shares authorized
0 shares issued and outstanding |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000 shares authorized,
66,831 and 65,883 shares issued and 43,261 and 43,324
shares outstanding |
|
|
668 |
|
|
|
659 |
|
Additional paid-in capital |
|
|
491,068 |
|
|
|
471,468 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retained Earnings |
|
|
246,771 |
|
|
|
159,515 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
|
|
277 |
|
|
|
245 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
738,784 |
|
|
|
631,887 |
|
Treasury
stock, 23,570 and 22,559 shares of common held at cost |
|
|
569,247 |
|
|
|
544,227 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders equity |
|
|
169,537 |
|
|
|
87,660 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
|
$ |
905,785 |
|
|
$ |
405,768 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements
52
INTERDIGITAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in thousands, except per-share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REVENUES |
|
$ |
297,404 |
|
|
$ |
228,469 |
|
|
$ |
234,232 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OPERATING EXPENSES: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative |
|
|
24,777 |
|
|
|
33,452 |
|
|
|
30,052 |
|
Patent administration and licensing |
|
|
56,127 |
|
|
|
63,492 |
|
|
|
71,475 |
|
Development |
|
|
64,007 |
|
|
|
98,932 |
|
|
|
85,239 |
|
Repositioning |
|
|
38,604 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arbitration and litigation contingencies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,940 |
) |
|
|
24,412 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
183,515 |
|
|
|
191,936 |
|
|
|
211,178 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from operations |
|
|
113,889 |
|
|
|
36,533 |
|
|
|
23,054 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER (LOSS) INCOME: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest and investment (loss) income, net |
|
|
(1,186 |
) |
|
|
3,429 |
|
|
|
8,949 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income taxes |
|
|
112,703 |
|
|
|
39,962 |
|
|
|
32,003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INCOME TAX PROVISION |
|
|
(25,447 |
) |
|
|
(13,755 |
) |
|
|
(11,999 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET INCOME |
|
$ |
87,256 |
|
|
$ |
26,207 |
|
|
$ |
20,004 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE BASIC |
|
$ |
1.98 |
|
|
$ |
0.58 |
|
|
$ |
0.41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON
SHARES OUTSTANDING BASIC |
|
|
43,295 |
|
|
|
44,928 |
|
|
|
47,766 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE DILUTED |
|
$ |
1.95 |
|
|
$ |
0.57 |
|
|
$ |
0.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON
SHARES OUTSTANDING DILUTED |
|
|
44,080 |
|
|
|
45,794 |
|
|
|
49,078 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements
53
INTERDIGITAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands, except per-share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
Common Stock |
|
|
Paid-In |
|
|
Retained |
|
|
Comprehensive |
|
|
Treasury Stock |
|
|
Shareholders |
|
|
Comprehensive |
|
|
|
Shares |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Capital |
|
|
Earnings |
|
|
Income(Loss) |
|
|
Shares |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Equity |
|
|
Income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2006 |
|
|
64,393 |
|
|
$ |
644 |
|
|
$ |
445,930 |
|
|
$ |
115,383 |
|
|
$ |
(46 |
) |
|
|
13,046 |
|
|
$ |
(286,435 |
) |
|
$ |
275,476 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,004 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,004 |
|
|
$ |
20,004 |
|
Net change in unrealized gain on short-term
investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
252 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
252 |
|
|
|
252 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Comprehensive Income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
20,256 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative effect of adoption of FIN48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,079 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,079 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Exercise of Common Stock options |
|
|
737 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
6,456 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,463 |
|
|
|
|
|
Sale of Common Stock under Employee
Stock Purchase Plan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of Common Stock under Profit
Sharing Plan |
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
469 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
469 |
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of Restricted Common Stock, net |
|
|
148 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
395 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
397 |
|
|
|
|
|
Withheld for taxes on issuance of Restricted
Common Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,865 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,865 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Tax benefit from exercise of stock options |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,123 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,123 |
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of unearned compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,083 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,083 |
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase of Common Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,749 |
|
|
|
(176,264 |
) |
|
|
(176,264 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2007 |
|
|
65,292 |
|
|
|
653 |
|
|
|
465,599 |
|
|
|
133,308 |
|
|
|
206 |
|
|
|
18,795 |
|
|
|
(462,699 |
) |
|
|
137,067 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26,207 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26,207 |
|
|
$ |
26,207 |
|
Net change in unrealized gain on short-term
investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Comprehensive Income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
26,246 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise of Common Stock options |
|
|
296 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
2,180 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,183 |
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of Common Stock under Profit
Sharing Plan |
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
341 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
341 |
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of Restricted Common Stock, net |
|
|
280 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
527 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
530 |
|
|
|
|
|
Withheld for taxes on issuance of Restricted
Common Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,155 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,155 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Tax benefit from exercise of stock options |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,502 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,502 |
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of unearned compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,474 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,474 |
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase of Common Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,764 |
|
|
|
(81,528 |
) |
|
|
(81,528 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2008 |
|
|
65,883 |
|
|
|
659 |
|
|
|
471,468 |
|
|
|
159,515 |
|
|
|
245 |
|
|
|
22,559 |
|
|
|
(544,227 |
) |
|
|
87,660 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
87,256 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
87,256 |
|
|
$ |
87,256 |
|
Net change in unrealized gain on short-term
investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Comprehensive Income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
87,288 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise of Common Stock options |
|
|
730 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
7,628 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,635 |
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of Common Stock under Profit
Sharing Plan |
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
545 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
545 |
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of Restricted Common Stock, net |
|
|
192 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Withheld for taxes on issuance of Restricted
Common Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,725 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,725 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Tax benefit from exercise of stock options |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,881 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,881 |
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of unearned compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,273 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,273 |
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase of Common Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,011 |
|
|
|
(25,020 |
) |
|
|
(25,020 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2009 |
|
|
66,831 |
|
|
$ |
668 |
|
|
$ |
491,068 |
|
|
$ |
246,771 |
|
|
$ |
277 |
|
|
|
23,570 |
|
|
$ |
(569,247 |
) |
|
$ |
169,537 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements
54
INTERDIGITAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
$ |
87,256 |
|
|
$ |
26,207 |
|
|
$ |
20,004 |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by
operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
22,874 |
|
|
|
28,851 |
|
|
|
21,990 |
|
Deferred revenue recognized |
|
|
(225,159 |
) |
|
|
(127,949 |
) |
|
|
(119,596 |
) |
Increase in deferred revenue |
|
|
611,991 |
|
|
|
84,207 |
|
|
|
191,436 |
|
Deferred income taxes |
|
|
(43,426 |
) |
|
|
1,842 |
|
|
|
(8,630 |
) |
Share-based compensation |
|
|
9,789 |
|
|
|
5,101 |
|
|
|
9,820 |
|
Recognition of foreign tax credits |
|
|
(16,400 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment of long-term investment |
|
|
3,926 |
|
|
|
745 |
|
|
|
|
|
Non-cash repositioning charges |
|
|
30,568 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
(155 |
) |
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
179 |
|
(Increase) decrease
in assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receivables |
|
|
(179,013 |
) |
|
|
96,988 |
|
|
|
972 |
|
Deferred charges |
|
|
4,371 |
|
|
|
3,077 |
|
|
|
3,299 |
|
Other current assets |
|
|
2,965 |
|
|
|
3,198 |
|
|
|
(5,354 |
) |
(Decrease) increase in liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable |
|
|
(1,506 |
) |
|
|
(30,121 |
) |
|
|
26,127 |
|
Accrued compensation |
|
|
(24,140 |
) |
|
|
14,998 |
|
|
|
3,018 |
|
Accrued taxes payable |
|
|
33,005 |
|
|
|
(15,510 |
) |
|
|
8,632 |
|
Other accrued
expenses |
|
|
3,748 |
|
|
|
(5,855 |
) |
|
|
830 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities |
|
|
320,694 |
|
|
|
85,811 |
|
|
|
152,727 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of short-term investments |
|
|
(314,128 |
) |
|
|
(126,390 |
) |
|
|
(133,787 |
) |
Sales of short-term investments |
|
|
156,608 |
|
|
|
170,417 |
|
|
|
146,581 |
|
Purchases of property and equipment |
|
|
(4,024 |
) |
|
|
(5,651 |
) |
|
|
(13,826 |
) |
Capitalized patent costs |
|
|
(31,285 |
) |
|
|
(28,217 |
) |
|
|
(23,852 |
) |
Capitalized technology license costs |
|
|
(1,115 |
) |
|
|
(6,957 |
) |
|
|
(24,440 |
) |
Long-term investments |
|
|
(650 |
) |
|
|
(651 |
) |
|
|
(5,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash (used) provided by investing activities |
|
|
(194,594 |
) |
|
|
2,551 |
|
|
|
(54,324 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and employee stock purchase plan |
|
|
7,635 |
|
|
|
2,182 |
|
|
|
6,472 |
|
Payments on long-term debt, including capital lease obligations |
|
|
(1,877 |
) |
|
|
(1,589 |
) |
|
|
(1,247 |
) |
Repurchase of common stock |
|
|
(25,020 |
) |
|
|
(82,331 |
) |
|
|
(183,118 |
) |
Tax benefit from share-based compensation |
|
|
3,881 |
|
|
|
1,502 |
|
|
|
5,123 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used by financing activities |
|
|
(15,381 |
) |
|
|
(80,236 |
) |
|
|
(172,770 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS |
|
|
110,719 |
|
|
|
8,126 |
|
|
|
(74,367 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD |
|
|
100,144 |
|
|
|
92,018 |
|
|
|
166,385 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD |
|
$ |
210,863 |
|
|
$ |
100,144 |
|
|
$ |
92,018 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest paid |
|
$ |
198 |
|
|
$ |
2,449 |
|
|
$ |
357 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes paid, including foreign withholding taxes |
|
$ |
44,853 |
|
|
$ |
23,125 |
|
|
$ |
16,099 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-cash investing and financing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of restricted common stock |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
530 |
|
|
$ |
397 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of common stock for profit sharing |
|
$ |
545 |
|
|
$ |
341 |
|
|
$ |
469 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued purchase of treasury stock |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
803 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Leased asset additions and related obligation |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
801 |
|
|
$ |
3,392 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements
55
INTERDIGITAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2009
1. BACKGROUND
InterDigital, Inc. (individually and/or collectively with its subsidiaries referred to as
InterDigital, the Company, we, us, or our) designs and develops advanced digital wireless
technology solutions. We are developing technologies that may be utilized to extend the life of the
current generation of products, may be applicable to multiple generational standards such as 3G,
LTE, and LTE-A cellular standards, as well as IEEE 802 wireless standards, and may have
applicability across multiple air interfaces. In conjunction with our technology development, we
have assembled an extensive body of technical know-how, related intangible products, and a broad
patent portfolio. We offer our products and solutions for license or sale to producers of wireless
equipment and components and semiconductor companies.
Legal Entity Reorganization
On July 2, 2007, for the purpose of reorganizing into a holding Company structure,
InterDigital Communications Corporation executed a Plan of Reorganization and an Agreement and Plan
of Merger (Merger) with InterDigital, Inc., a newly formed Pennsylvania corporation and another
newly formed Pennsylvania corporation owned 100% by InterDigital, Inc. As a result of the Merger,
InterDigital Communications Corporation became a wholly-owned subsidiary of InterDigital, Inc.
These transactions are herein referred to collectively as the Reorganization. As a result of the
Reorganization, neither the business conducted by InterDigital, Inc. and InterDigital
Communications Corporation in the aggregate, nor the consolidated assets and liabilities of
InterDigital, Inc. and InterDigital Communications Corporation, in the aggregate, has changed.
By virtue of the Merger, each share of InterDigital Communications Corporations outstanding
common stock has been converted, on a share-for-share basis, into a share of common stock of
InterDigital, Inc. As a result, each shareholder of InterDigital Communications Corporation has
become the owner of an identical number of shares of common stock of InterDigital, Inc.
Further, each outstanding stock option and restricted stock unit (RSU) with respect to the
acquisition of shares of InterDigital Communications Corporations common stock now represents a
stock option or RSU, as the case may be, with respect to the acquisition of an identical number of
shares of InterDigital, Inc.s common stock, upon the same terms and conditions as the original
stock option or RSU.
Immediately following the Merger, the provisions of the articles of incorporation and bylaws
of InterDigital, Inc. were the same as those of InterDigital Communications Corporation prior to
the Merger. Immediately following the Merger, the authorized capital stock of InterDigital, Inc.,
the designations, rights, powers and preferences of such capital stock and the qualifications,
limitations and restrictions thereof were also the same as the capital stock of InterDigital
Communications Corporation immediately prior to the Merger. Immediately following the Merger, the
directors and executive officers of InterDigital, Inc., were the same individuals who were
directors and executive officers, respectively, of InterDigital Communications Corporation
immediately prior to the Merger.
Repositioning
On March 30, 2009, we announced a repositioning plan that includes the expansion of our
technology development and licensing business, the cessation of further product development of the
SlimChip modem technology, and efforts to monetize the SlimChip technology investment through IP
licensing and technology sales. In connection with the repositioning, the Company incurred a charge
of $38.6 million during 2009. Of this amount, approximately $30.6 million represents long-lived
asset impairments for assets used in the product and product development, including $21.2 million
of acquired intangible assets and $9.4 million of property, equipment and other assets.
In addition, the repositioning resulted in a reduction in force of approximately 100 employees
across the Companys three locations, the majority of which were terminated effective April 3,
2009. Approximately $8.0 million of the repositioning charge represents cash obligations associated
with severance and contract termination costs. Substantially all of the severance and related costs
are scheduled to be paid within twelve months of the balance sheet date.
We do not expect to incur any additional repositioning costs in conjunction with the wind-down
activities related to our SlimChip product development.
56
The following table provides information related to our 2009 repositioning charge and the
related accrued liability for repositioning costs through December 31, 2009, which is included on
our Balance Sheet within Other accrued expenses (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset |
|
|
Severance and |
|
|
Contract |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impairments |
|
|
Related Costs |
|
|
Termination Costs |
|
|
Total |
|
Expected repositioning charge |
|
$ |
30,568 |
|
|
$ |
3,893 |
|
|
$ |
4,143 |
|
|
$ |
38,604 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repositioning Charge Recognized |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repositioning charge recognized during 2009 |
|
$ |
30,568 |
|
|
$ |
3,893 |
|
|
$ |
4,236 |
|
|
$ |
38,697 |
|
Adjustments recognized during 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(93 |
) |
|
|
(93 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repositioning charge recognized through December 31, 2009 |
|
|
30,568 |
|
|
|
3,893 |
|
|
|
4,143 |
|
|
|
38,604 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued Liability for Repositioning Costs: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 1, 2009 |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Amounts Accrued |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,893 |
|
|
|
4,143 |
|
|
|
8,036 |
|
Payments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,692 |
) |
|
|
(3,651 |
) |
|
|
(7,343 |
) |
Adjustments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(93 |
) |
|
|
(93 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2009 |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
201 |
|
|
$ |
399 |
|
|
$ |
600 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications
Due to our repositioning announced on March 30, 2009, we reclassified our income statement
presentation in order to align our operating expense classifications with our ongoing activities.
We eliminated the General and administrative and Sales and marketing classifications within
Operating Expenses and created the Selling, general and administrative classification. All costs
previously reported under General and administrative have been reclassified to Selling, general and
administrative, while Sales and marketing costs have been reclassified between Selling, general and
administrative and Patent administration and licensing. Additionally, we have reclassified portions
of our Development costs to Patent administration and licensing. The table below displays the as
previously reported and as reclassified operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2008
and 2007. Refer to the most recent form 10-Q quarterly filing for the quarterly operating expense
reclassification table.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Full Year |
|
|
Full Year |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
As previously reported: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales and marketing |
|
$ |
9,161 |
|
|
$ |
7,828 |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
26,576 |
|
|
|
24,210 |
|
Patent administration and licensing |
|
|
58,885 |
|
|
|
67,587 |
|
Development |
|
|
101,254 |
|
|
|
87,141 |
|
Arbitration and litigation contingencies |
|
|
(3,940 |
) |
|
|
24,412 |
|
Repositioning |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expense |
|
$ |
191,936 |
|
|
$ |
211,178 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As reclassified: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative |
|
$ |
33,452 |
|
|
$ |
30,052 |
|
Patent administration and licensing |
|
|
63,492 |
|
|
|
71,475 |
|
Development |
|
|
98,932 |
|
|
|
85,239 |
|
Arbitration and litigation contingencies |
|
|
(3,940 |
) |
|
|
24,412 |
|
Repositioning |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expense |
|
$ |
191,936 |
|
|
$ |
211,178 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
57
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include all of our accounts and all
entities which we have a controlling interest, which are required to be consolidated in accordance
with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States (GAAP). All significant
intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the
reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ
from these estimates. We believe the accounting policies that are of particular importance to the
portrayal of our financial condition and results, and that may involve a higher degree of
complexity and judgment in their application compared to others, are those relating to patents,
contingencies, revenue recognition, compensation, and income taxes. If different assumptions were
made or different conditions had existed, our financial results could have been materially
different.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments
We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with initial maturities of three months or
less to be cash equivalents. Management determines the appropriate classification of our
investments at the time of acquisition and re-evaluates such determination at each balance sheet
date. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, all of our short-term investments were classified as
available-for-sale and carried at fair value. We determine the cost of securities by specific
identification and report unrealized gains and losses on our available-for-sale securities as a
separate component of equity. Net unrealized gains on short-term investments were $0.3 million at
December 31, 2009. Realized gains and losses for 2009, 2008, and 2007 were as follows (in
thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year |
|
Gains |
|
Losses |
|
Net |
2009 |
|
$ |
181 |
|
|
$ |
(104 |
) |
|
$ |
77 |
|
2008 |
|
$ |
132 |
|
|
$ |
(222 |
) |
|
$ |
(90 |
) |
2007 |
|
$ |
112 |
|
|
$ |
(366 |
) |
|
$ |
(254 |
) |
Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2009 and 2008 consisted of the
following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
Money market and demand accounts |
|
$ |
132,968 |
|
|
$ |
66,512 |
|
Commercial paper |
|
|
77,895 |
|
|
|
20,224 |
|
U.S. government agency instruments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,997 |
|
Repurchase agreements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,411 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
210,863 |
|
|
$ |
100,144 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Short-term investments as of December 31, 2009 and 2008 consisted of the
following (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
Commercial Paper |
|
$ |
60,993 |
|
|
$ |
4,450 |
|
U.S. government agency instruments |
|
|
118,055 |
|
|
|
25,898 |
|
Corporate bonds |
|
|
19,895 |
|
|
|
11,168 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
198,943 |
|
|
$ |
41,516 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2009 and 2008, $155.7 million, and $17.0 million, respectively,
of our short-term investments had contractual maturities within one year. The remaining portions of
our short-term investments had contractual maturities within two to five years.
Fair Value of Financial Assets
Effective January 1, 2008, we adopted the provisions of the FASBs fair value measurement
guidance that relate to our financial assets and financial liabilities. We adopted the guidance
related to non-financial assets and liabilities as of January 1, 2009. We use various valuation
techniques and assumptions when measuring fair value of our assets and liabilities. We utilize
market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability,
including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation
58
technique.
This guidance established a hierarchy that prioritizes fair value measurements based on the types
of input used for the various valuation techniques (market approach, income approach and cost
approach). The levels of the hierarchy are described below:
Level 1 Inputs Level 1 includes financial instruments for which quoted market prices for
identical instruments are available in active markets.
Level 2 Inputs Level 2 includes financial instruments for which there are inputs other
than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the instrument such as
quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or
similar instruments in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less
active markets) or model-driven valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can
be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data, including market
interest rate curves, referenced credit spreads and pre-payment rates.
Level 3 Inputs Level 3 includes financial instruments for which fair value is derived from
valuation techniques including pricing models and discounted cash flow models in which one or
more significant inputs are unobservable, including the Companys own assumptions. The
pricing models incorporate transaction details such as contractual terms, maturity and, in
certain instances, timing and amount of future cash flows, as well as assumptions related to
liquidity and credit valuation adjustments of marketplace participants.
Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement
requires judgment and may affect the valuation of financial assets and financial liabilities and
their placement within the fair value hierarchy. We use quoted market prices for similar assets to
estimate the fair value of our Level 2 investments. Our financial assets that are accounted for at
fair value on a recurring basis are presented in the table below (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value as of December 31, 2009 |
|
|
|
Level 1 |
|
|
Level 2 |
|
|
Level 3 |
|
|
Total |
|
Assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Money market and demand accounts (a) |
|
$ |
132,968 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
132,968 |
|
Commercial paper (b) |
|
|
11,065 |
|
|
|
127,823 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
138,888 |
|
U.S. government agencies |
|
|
27,095 |
|
|
|
90,960 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
118,055 |
|
Corporate bonds |
|
|
7,026 |
|
|
|
12,869 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19,895 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
178,154 |
|
|
$ |
231,652 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
409,806 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(a) |
|
Included within cash and cash equivalents. |
|
(b) |
|
Includes $77.9 million of commercial paper that is included within cash and cash equivalents. |
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization of property and
equipment are provided using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives for computer
equipment, computer software, engineering and test equipment, and furniture and fixtures are
generally three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of their
estimated useful lives or their respective lease terms, which are generally five to ten years.
Buildings are being depreciated over twenty-five years. Expenditures for major improvements and
betterments are capitalized while minor repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred.
Leases meeting certain capital lease criteria are capitalized and the net present value of the
related lease payments is recorded as a liability. Amortization of capital leased assets is
recorded using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives or the lease
terms.
Upon the retirement or disposition of property, plant and equipment, the related cost and
accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed, and a gain or loss is recorded.
Internal-Use Software Costs
We capitalize costs associated with software developed for internal-use that are incurred
during the software development stage. Such costs are limited to expenses incurred after
management authorizes and commits to a computer software project, believes that it is more likely
than not that the project will be completed, the software will be used to perform the intended
function with an estimated service life of 2 years or more, and the completion of conceptual
formulation, design, and testing of possible software project alternatives (the preliminary design
stage). Costs incurred after final acceptance testing has been successfully completed are
expensed. Capitalized computer software costs are amortized over their estimated useful life of
three years.
59
All computer software costs capitalized to date relate to the purchase, development, and
implementation of engineering, accounting, and other enterprise software.
Other-than-Temporary Impairments
We review our investment portfolio during each reporting period to determine whether there are
identified events or circumstances that would indicate there is a decline in the fair value that is
considered to be other-than-temporary. For non-public investments, if there are no identified
events or circumstances that would have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the
investment, then the fair value is not estimated. If an investment is deemed to have experienced
an other-than-temporary decline below its cost basis, we reduce the carrying amount of the
investment to its quoted or estimated fair value, as applicable, and establish a new cost basis for
the investment. For our cost method investments we charge the impairment to Interest and
investment (loss) income, net.
Investments in Other Entities
We may make strategic investments in companies that have developed or are developing
technologies that are complementary to our business. We account for our investments using either
the cost or equity method of accounting. Under the cost method, we do not adjust our investment
balance when the investee reports profit or loss but monitor the investment for an
other-than-temporary decline in value. On a quarterly basis we monitor our investments financial
position and performance to assess whether there are any triggering events or indicators present
that would be indicative of an other-than-temporary impairment of our investment. When assessing
whether an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred, we consider such factors as the
valuation placed on the investee in subsequent rounds of financing, the performance of the investee
relative to its own performance targets and business plan, and the investees revenue and cost
trends, liquidity and cash position, including its cash burn rate, and updated forecasts. Under
the equity method of accounting we initially record our investment in the stock of an investee at
cost, and adjust the carrying amount of the investment to recognize our share of the earnings or
losses of the investee after the date of acquisition. The amount of the adjustment is included in
the determination of net income, and such amount reflects adjustments similar to those made in
preparing consolidated statements including adjustments to eliminate intercompany gains and losses,
and to amortize, if appropriate, any difference between our cost and underlying equity in net
assets of the investee at the date of investment. The investment is also adjusted to reflect our
share of changes in the investees capital. Dividends received from an investee reduce the carrying
amount of the investment. When there are a series of operating losses by the investee or when
other factors indicate that a decrease in value of the investment has occurred which is other than
temporary, we recognize an impairment equal to the difference between the fair value and the
carrying amount of our investment. The carrying costs of our investments are included within
Other Non-Current Assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
During 2007, we made a $5.0 million investment for a non-controlling interest in
Kineto Wireless (Kineto). In first quarter 2008, we wrote-down this investment $0.7 million based
on a lower valuation of Kineto. Early in second quarter 2008, we participated in a new round of
financing that included several other investors, investing an additional $0.7 million in Kineto.
This second investment both maintained our ownership position and preserved certain liquidation
preferences. During 2009 we reassessed our investment in Kineto, and concluded that given their
current financial position it was necessary to record an impairment of $3.9 million, which wrote
down our carrying amount of our investment in Kineto to approximately $1.0 million at December 31,
2009. Due to the fact that we do not have significant influence over Kineto, we are accounting for
this investment using the cost method of accounting.
In September 2009, we entered into a worldwide patent licensing agreement with Pantech Co.,
Ltd. (Pantech) (formally known separately as Pantech Co., Ltd. and Pantech & Curitel
Communications, Inc.). In exchange for granting Pantech the license, we received cash
consideration and a minority equity interest in both Pantech Co., Ltd. and Pantech & Curitel
Communications, Inc. Simultaneous with the execution of the patent license agreement, we executed a
stock agreement to acquire a minority stake in Pantech using the Korean Won provided by Pantech
with no participation at the board level or in management. Given that there are no observable
inputs relevant to our investment in Pantech, we assessed pertinent risk factors, and reviewed a
third-party valuation that used the discounted cash flow method, and incorporated illiquidity
discounts in order to assign a fair market value to our investment. After consideration of the
aforementioned factors, we valued our non-controlling equity interest in Pantech at $21.7 million.
We are accounting for this investment using the cost method of accounting. As of December 31, 2009
there were no events which occurred or indicators present that would indicate that our investment
described above was impaired.
On December 17, 2009 we announced a multi-faceted collaboration agreement with Attila
Technologies LLC. We will collaborate on the development and marketing of bandwidth aggregation
technologies and related multi-network innovations. In addition, we paid approximately $0.7
million to acquire a 7% minority stake. No other amounts were paid or are payable to Attila for
the period ended December 31, 2009. Certain terms of the agreement afford us the ability to
exercise significant influence over Attila; therefore we are accounting for this investment using
the equity method of accounting.
Patents
We capitalize external costs, such as filing fees and associated attorney fees, incurred to
obtain issued patents and patent license rights. We expense costs associated with maintaining and
defending patents subsequent to their issuance in the period incurred. We amortize capitalized
patent costs for internally generated patents on a straight-line basis over ten years, which
represents the estimated useful lives of the patents.
60
The ten year estimated useful life for
internally generated patents is based on our assessment of such factors as: the integrated nature
of the portfolios being licensed, the overall makeup of the portfolio over time, and the length of
license agreements for such patents. The estimated useful lives of acquired patents and patent
rights, however, have been and will continue to be based on separate analyses related to each
acquisition and may differ from the estimated useful lives of internally generated patents. The
average estimated useful life of acquired patents thus far has been 15 years. We assess the
potential impairment to all capitalized net patent costs when events or changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying amount of our patent portfolio may not be recoverable.
Patents
consisted of the following (in thousands, except for useful life data):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
Weighted
Average Estimated Useful Life (years) |
|
|
10.8 |
|
|
|
10.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross Patents |
|
$ |
190,370 |
|
|
$ |
159,656 |
|
Accumulated amortization |
|
|
(71,200 |
) |
|
|
(56,848 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Patents, net |
|
$ |
119,170 |
|
|
$ |
102,808 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization expense related to capitalized patent costs was $14.4 million, $11.9
million, and $9.3 million in 2009, 2008, and 2007, respectively. These amounts are recorded within
Patent administration and licensing on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
The estimated aggregate amortization expense for the next 5 years related to our patents
balance as of December 31, 2009 is as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
$ |
15,906 |
|
2011 |
|
|
15,646 |
|
2012 |
|
|
15,313 |
|
2013 |
|
|
14,699 |
|
2014 |
|
|
13,720 |
|
Intangible Assets
We capitalize the cost of technology solutions and platforms we acquire or license from third
parties when they have a future benefit and the development of these solutions and platforms is
substantially complete at the time they are acquired or licensed.
During 2009, in connection with our cessation of further product development of the SlimChip
modem technology, we fully impaired our acquired intangible assets. In connection with this full
impairment of our acquired intangible assets, the related cost and accumulated amortization were
removed from our Balance Sheet. For further discussion of our 2009 Repositioning refer to the
Repositioning section of Note 1, Background", within the Notes to the Consolidated Financial
Statements. At December 31, 2008, our intangible assets were offset by accumulated amortization of
$11.6 million, and had a weighted average useful life of approximately 5 years. Our amortization
expense related to these intangible assets was $2.3 million, $7.1 million, and $3.7 million in
2009, 2008, and 2007, respectively.
Contingencies
We recognize contingent assets and liabilities in accordance with the guidance for
contingencies. We do not include expected legal fees to defend ourselves in our accruals for
contingent liabilities, as we expense legal fees in the periods in which the legal services are
provided.
In second quarter 2007, we recorded a $16.6 million charge to increase a $3.4 million
contingent liability to $20.0 million. Subsequently, we had accrued post judgment interest expense
totaling $0.7 million and $1.1 million during 2007 and 2008, respectively, and reported such
interest expense within the Interest and investment (loss) income, net, line within our
Consolidated Statements of Income. This contingency related to an arbitration with the Federal
Insurance Company (Federal) over an insurance reimbursement agreement. In second quarter 2008,
InterDigital deposited $23.0 million with the Clerk of the Court, an amount sufficient to secure
Federals judgment and anticipated interest until decision by the Court of Appeals. The Federal
dispute was settled and brought to an end on April 22, 2009, pursuant to a confidential agreement
between the parties. In connection with the settlement, approximately $21.1 million of the bond
was paid to Federal, and the balance of approximately $2.0 million, including interest, was
reimbursed to InterDigital. In first quarter 2009, InterDigital recognized $0.6 million of
interest income to adjust accrued interest expense in connection with the settlement.
In fourth quarter 2007, we accrued $7.8 million for the potential reimbursement of legal fees
associated with our UKII matter with Nokia. During 2008, we recognized a credit of $3.9 million
associated with the reduction of this accrual in connection with the resolution of the Nokia UK
matters.
61
Revenue Recognition
We derive the majority of our revenue from patent licensing. The timing and amount of revenue
recognized from each licensee depends upon a variety of factors, including the specific terms of
each agreement and the nature of the deliverables and obligations. Such agreements are often
complex and include multiple elements. These agreements can include, without limitation, elements
related to the settlement of past patent infringement liabilities, up-front and non-refundable
license fees for the use of patents and/or know-how, patent and/or know-how licensing royalties on
covered products sold by licensees, cross licensing terms between us and other parties, the
compensation structure and ownership of intellectual property rights associated with contractual
technology development arrangements, advanced payments and fees for service arrangements, and
settlement of outstanding patent litigation. Due to the inherent difficulty in establishing
reliable, verifiable and objectively determinable evidence of the fair value of the separate
elements of these agreements, the total revenue resulting from such agreements may sometimes be
recognized over the performance period. In other circumstances, such as those agreements involving
consideration for past and expected future patent royalty obligations, after consideration of the
particular facts and circumstances, the appropriate recording of revenue between periods may
require the use of judgment. In all cases, revenue is only recognized after all of the following
criteria are met: (1) written agreements have been executed; (2) delivery of technology or
intellectual property rights has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) fees are fixed or
determinable; and (4) collectability of fees is reasonably assured.
We establish a receivable for payments expected to be received within twelve months from the
balance sheet date based on the terms in the license. Our reporting of such payments often results
in an increase to both accounts receivable and deferred revenue. Deferred revenue associated with
fixed fee royalty payments is classified on the balance sheet as short-term when it is scheduled to
be amortized within twelve months from the balance sheet date. All other deferred revenue is
classified as long-term, as amounts to be recognized over the next twelve months are not known.
Patent License Agreements
Upon signing a patent license agreement, we provide the licensee permission to use our
patented inventions in specific applications. We account for patent license agreements in
accordance with the guidance for revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables and revenue
recognition. We have elected to utilize the leased-based model for revenue recognition, with
revenue being recognized over the expected period of benefit to the licensee. Under our patent
license agreements, we typically receive one or a combination of the following forms of payment as
consideration for permitting our licensees to use our patented inventions in their applications and
products:
Consideration
for Prior Sales: Consideration related to a licensees product sales from
prior periods may result from a negotiated agreement with a licensee that utilized our patented
inventions prior to signing a patent license agreement with us or from the resolution of a
disagreement or arbitration with a licensee over the specific terms of an existing license
agreement. We may also receive consideration for prior sales in connection with the settlement of
patent litigation where there was no prior patent license agreement. In each of these cases, we
record the consideration as revenue when we have obtained a signed agreement, identified a fixed or
determinable price and determined that collectability is reasonably assured.
Fixed
Fee Royalty Payments: These are up-front, non-refundable royalty payments that
fulfill the licensees obligations to us under a patent license agreement, for a specified time
period or for the term of the agreement for specified products, under certain patents or patent
claims, for sales in certain countries, or a combination thereof in each case for a specified
time period (including for the life of the patents licensed under the agreement). We recognize
revenues related to Fixed Fee Royalty Payments on a straight-line basis over the effective term of
the license. We utilize the straight-line method because we cannot reliably predict in which
periods, within the term of a license, the licensee will benefit from the use of our patented
inventions.
Prepayments:
Up-front, non-refundable royalty payments towards a licensees future
obligations to us related to its expected sales of covered products in future periods. Our
licensees obligations to pay royalties typically extend beyond the exhaustion of their Prepayment
balance. Once a licensee exhausts its Prepayment balance, we may provide them with the opportunity to make
another Prepayment toward future sales or it will be required to make Current Royalty Payments.
Current
Royalty Payments: Royalty payments covering a licensees obligations to us related
to its sales of covered products in the current contractual reporting period.
Licensees that either owe us Current Royalty Payments or have Prepayment balances
are obligated to provide us
with quarterly or semi-annual royalty reports that summarize their sales of covered products and
their related royalty obligations to us. We typically receive these royalty reports subsequent to
the period in which our licensees underlying sales occurred. We recognize revenue in the period in
which the royalty report is received and other revenue recognition criteria are met due to the fact
that without royalty reports from our licensees, our visibility into
our licensees sales is very
limited.
The exhaustion of Prepayments and Current Royalty Payments are often calculated based on
related per-unit sales of covered products. From time-to-time, licensees will not report revenues
in the proper period, most often due to legal disputes. When this occurs, the timing and
comparability of royalty revenue could be affected.
62
In cases where we receive objective, verifiable evidence that a licensee has discontinued
sales of products covered under a patent license agreement with us, we recognize any related
deferred revenue balance in the period that we receive such evidence.
During 2007, we recognized revenue of $5.2 million related to unpaid patent licensee
royalties. We based our recognition of this revenue on royalty reports received, despite the fact
that the licensee had expressed its belief that it did not have a current payment obligation. We
believed that we were entitled to these royalty payments and the eventual collection of these
amounts was reasonably assured; we subsequently collected these amounts in 2008.
Technology Solutions Revenue
Technology solutions revenue consists primarily of revenue from software licenses and
engineering services. Software license revenues are recognized in accordance with the guidance on
software revenue recognition. When the arrangement with a customer includes significant
production, modification, or customization of the software, we recognize the related revenue using
the percentage-of-completion method in accordance with the accounting guidance for
construction-type and certain production-type contracts. Under this method, revenue and profit are
recognized throughout the term of the contract, based on actual labor costs incurred to date as a
percentage of the total estimated labor costs related to the contract. Changes in estimates for
revenues, costs and profits are recognized in the period in which they are determinable. When such
estimates indicate that costs will exceed future revenues and a loss on the contract exists, a
provision for the entire loss is recognized at that time.
We recognize revenues associated with engineering service arrangements that are outside the
scope of the accounting guidance for construction-type and certain production-type contracts on a
straight-line basis, unless evidence suggests that the revenue is earned in a different pattern,
over the contractual term of the arrangement or the expected period during which those specified
services will be performed, whichever is longer. In such cases we often recognize revenue using
proportional performance and measure the progress of our performance based on the relationship
between incurred labor hours and total estimated labor hours or other measures of progress, if
available. Our most significant cost has been labor and we believe both labor hours and labor cost
provide a measure of the progress of our services. The effect of changes to total estimated
contract costs is recognized in the period such changes are determined.
When technology solutions agreements include royalty payments, we recognize revenue from the
royalty payments using the same methods described above under our policy for recognizing revenue
from patent license agreements.
Deferred Charges
From time to time, we use sales agents to assist us in our licensing activities. In such
cases, we may pay a commission. The commission rate varies from agreement to agreement. Commissions
are normally paid shortly after our receipt of cash payments associated with the patent license
agreements. We defer recognition of commission expense related to both prepayments and fixed fee
royalty payments and amortize these expenses in proportion to our recognition of the related
revenue. In 2009, 2008, and 2007 we paid cash commissions of approximately less than $0.1 million,
$0.1 million, and $1.7 million.
Incremental direct costs incurred related to acquisition or origination of a customer contract
in a transaction that results in the deferral of revenue may be either expensed as incurred or
capitalized. The only eligible costs for deferral are those costs directly related to a particular
revenue arrangement. We capitalize those direct costs incurred for the acquisition of a contract
through the date of signing, and amortize them on a straight-line basis over the life of the patent
license agreement. We paid approximately $0.6 million of direct contract origination costs in 2009
in relation to our patent licensing agreement with Pantech. There were no direct contract
origination costs incurred during 2008 or 2007.
Deferred charges are recorded in our Balance Sheet within the following captions (in
millions):
63
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
Prepaid and other current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred commission expense |
|
$ |
3.3 |
|
|
$ |
3.4 |
|
Deferred contract origination costs |
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other non-current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred commission expense |
|
|
1.7 |
|
|
|
4.9 |
|
Deferred contract origination costs |
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Commission expense was approximately $3.4 million, $4.7 million, and $4.7 million in
2009, 2008, and 2007 respectively. Commission expense is included within the Patent administration
and licensing expense. Deferred contract origination expense recognized in 2009 was less than $0.1
million and is included in Patent administration and licensing expense. There was no direct
contract origination expense recognized during 2008 or 2007.
Research and Development
Research and development expenditures are expensed in the period incurred, except certain
software development costs which are capitalized between the point in time that technological
feasibility of the software is established and the product is available for general release to
customers. We did not have any such capitalized software costs in any period presented. Research,
development and other related costs were approximately $64.0 million, $98.9 million, and $85.2
million in 2009, 2008, and 2007 respectively.
Compensation Programs
We account for the compensation cost related to share-based transactions based on the fair
values of the instruments issued and the estimated forfeitures of stock-based compensation awards.
At December 31, 2009 and 2008, we have estimated the forfeiture rates for outstanding Restricted
Stock Units (RSUs) to be between 0% and 23% over their lives of one to three years, depending
upon the group receiving the grant and the specific terms of the award issued.
In 2006, we adopted the short-cut method to establish the historical additional
paid-in-capital pool (APIC Pool) related to the tax effects of employee share-based compensation.
Any positive balance would be available to absorb tax shortfalls (which occur when the tax
deductions resulting from share-based compensation are less than the related book expense)
recognized subsequent to the adoption of the stock-based compensation guidance. We did not incur
any net tax shortfalls in either 2009 or 2008.
In all periods, our policy has been to set the value of RSU and restricted stock awards equal
to the value of our underlying common stock on the date of measurement. We amortize expense for all
such awards using an accelerated method.
Concentration of Credit Risk and Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentration of credit risk consist
primarily of cash equivalents, short-term investments, and accounts receivable. We place our cash
equivalents and short-term investments only in highly rated financial instruments and in United
States Government instruments.
Our net accounts receivable are derived principally from patent license agreements and
technology solutions. At December 31, 2009, one customer represented 94% of our net accounts
receivable balance. At December 31, 2008, four customers represented 59%, 17%, 10%, and 10%,
respectively, of our net accounts receivable balance. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our
customers who generally include large, multi-national, wireless telecommunications equipment
manufacturers. We believe that the book value of our financial instruments approximate their fair
values.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We evaluate long-lived and intangible assets for impairment when factors indicate that the
carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. When factors indicate that such assets should be
evaluated for possible impairment, we review whether we will be able to realize our long-lived
assets by analyzing the projected undiscounted cash flows in measuring whether the asset is
recoverable. We recorded an impairment of $30.6 million in 2009 related to the write-off of assets
used in the product and product development, including $21.2 million of acquired intangible assets
and $9.4 million of property, equipment and other assets. We did not have any long-lived asset
impairments in 2008 or 2007. Refer to the Repositioning section of Note 1 for further
information related to the 2009 impairment incurred as a result of the cessation of further product
development of the SlimChip modem technology.
64
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under this method,
deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences
attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and
liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in
which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred
tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of
Income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce
the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets if management has determined that it is more likely
than not that such assets will not be realized.
In addition, the calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating
the impact of uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. We are subject to examinations
by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and other taxing jurisdictions on various tax matters,
including challenges to various positions we assert in our filings. In the event that the IRS or
another taxing jurisdiction levies an assessment in the future, it is possible the assessment could
have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
The financial statement recognition of the benefit for a tax position is dependent upon the
benefit being more likely than not to be sustainable upon audit by the applicable tax authority. If
this threshold is met, the tax benefit is then measured and recognized at the largest amount that
is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. In the event that
the IRS or another taxing jurisdiction levies an assessment in the future, it is possible the
assessment could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results
of operations.
During fourth quarter 2009, we completed a study to assess the Companys ability to utilize
foreign tax credit carryovers into the tax year 2006. As a result of the study, we are currently
planning to amend our United States federal income tax returns for the periods 1999 2005 to
reclaim the foreign tax payments we made during those periods from
deductions to foreign tax
credits. We have established a basis to support amending the returns and estimate that the maximum
incremental benefit will be approximately $19.1 million. We recorded a net benefit of $16.4
million after establishing a $2.7 million reserve for related tax contingencies. The process to
amend these returns is complicated involving tax treaty proceedings including both U.S. and foreign
tax jurisdictions. It is possible that at the conclusion of this process the $16.4 million benefit
we recognized may not be realized in full or in part or that we may realize the maximum benefit of
$19.1 million.
Between
2006 and 2009, we paid approximately $101.1 million in foreign taxes for which we have
claimed foreign tax credits against our U.S. tax obligations. It is possible that as a result of
tax treaty procedures, the U.S. government may reach an agreement with the related foreign
governments that will result in a partial refund of foreign taxes paid with a related reduction in
our foreign tax credits. Due to both foreign currency fluctuations and differences in the interest
rate charged by the U.S. government compared to the interest rates, if any, used by the foreign
governments, any such agreement could result in interest expense and/or foreign currency gain or
loss.
Net Income Per Common Share
Basic earnings per share (EPS) is calculated by dividing net income available to common
shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted
EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if options or other securities with features
that could result in the issuance of common stock were exercised or converted to common stock. The
following tables reconcile the numerator and the denominator of the basic and diluted net income
per share computation (in thousands, except for per share data):
65
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
Basic |
|
|
Diluted |
|
|
Basic |
|
|
Diluted |
|
|
Basic |
|
|
Diluted |
|
Numerator: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
$ |
87,256 |
|
|
$ |
87,256 |
|
|
$ |
26,207 |
|
|
$ |
26,207 |
|
|
$ |
20,004 |
|
|
$ |
20,004 |
|
Less: income applicable to participating securities |
|
|
(1,338 |
) |
|
|
(1,315 |
) |
|
|
(226 |
) |
|
|
(222 |
) |
|
|
(307 |
) |
|
|
(299 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income applicable to common shareholders |
|
$ |
85,918 |
|
|
$ |
85,941 |
|
|
$ |
25,981 |
|
|
$ |
25,985 |
|
|
$ |
19,697 |
|
|
$ |
19,705 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denominator: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average shares outstanding: Basic |
|
|
43,295 |
|
|
|
43,295 |
|
|
|
44,928 |
|
|
|
44,928 |
|
|
|
47,766 |
|
|
|
47,766 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dilutive effect of stock options |
|
|
|
|
|
|
785 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
866 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,312 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average shares outstanding: Diluted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
44,080 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45,794 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
49,078 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings Per Share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income: Basic |
|
$ |
1.98 |
|
|
$ |
1.98 |
|
|
$ |
0.58 |
|
|
$ |
0.58 |
|
|
$ |
0.41 |
|
|
$ |
0.41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dilutive effect of stock options |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.03 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.01 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.01 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income: Diluted |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
1.95 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
0.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007, stock options to purchase approximately
0.6 million, 0.8 million and 0.5 million shares, respectively, of common stock were excluded from
the computation of diluted EPS because the exercise prices of the options were greater than the
weighted-average market price of our common stock during the respective periods and, therefore,
their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
New Accounting Guidance
Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions are Participating
Securities
In June 2008, the FASB issued guidance related to the determination as to whether instruments
granted in share-based payment transactions are participating securities. This guidance addresses
whether such instruments are participating securities prior to vesting, which therefore would need
to be included in the earnings allocation in computing earnings per share under the two-class method.
Under this guidance, unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to
dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and shall
be included in the earnings allocation in computing earnings per share pursuant to the two class
method. We adopted this guidance on January 1, 2009 and, in accordance with this guidance, have
retrospectively adjusted prior-period earnings per share data. The table below displays the as
previously reported and as adjusted basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended
December 31, 2008 and 2007. Refer to the most recent form 10-Q quarterly filing for the quarterly
basic and diluted earnings per share.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
2008 |
|
2007 |
As previously reported: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share basic |
|
$ |
0.58 |
|
|
$ |
0.42 |
|
Net income per share diluted |
|
$ |
0.57 |
|
|
$ |
0.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As adjusted: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income per share basic |
|
$ |
0.58 |
|
|
$ |
0.41 |
|
Net income per share diluted |
|
$ |
0.57 |
|
|
$ |
0.40 |
|
Accounting Standards Updates: Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables
In September 2009, the FASB finalized revenue recognition guidance for Revenue Arrangements
with Multiple Deliverables. By providing another alternative for determining the selling price of
deliverables, the Accounting Standard Update related to revenue arrangements with multiple
deliverables will allow companies to allocate arrangement consideration in multiple deliverable
arrangements in a manner that better reflects the transactions economics and will often result in
earlier revenue recognition. In addition, the residual method of allocating arrangement
consideration is no longer permitted under this new guidance. This guidance is effective for fiscal
years beginning on or after June 15, 2010. However, adoption was permitted as early as interim
period ended September 30, 2009. The guidance may be applied either
66
prospectively from the
beginning of the fiscal year for new or materially modified arrangements or retrospectively. We
have not yet adopted this guidance. Based upon our preliminary assessment of the impact of this
guidance, we believe that revenue recognition may be accelerated in the future. We will continue
to evaluate this guidance so that we can determine the impact on the Companys financial condition
and results of operations upon adoption.
3. GEOGRAPHIC/CUSTOMER CONCENTRATION
We have one reportable segment. As of December 31, 2009, substantially all of our revenue was
derived from a limited number of customers based outside of the
United States, primarily in Asia.
These revenues were paid in U.S. dollars and not subject to any substantial foreign exchange
transaction risk. The table below lists the countries of the headquarters of our customers and the
total revenue derived from each country for the periods indicated (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Korea |
|
$ |
160,471 |
|
|
$ |
59,164 |
|
|
$ |
58,409 |
|
Japan |
|
|
73,251 |
|
|
|
113,810 |
|
|
|
117,369 |
|
Canada |
|
|
27,366 |
|
|
|
19,018 |
|
|
|
14,614 |
|
Taiwan |
|
|
15,359 |
|
|
|
14,406 |
|
|
|
11,266 |
|
United States |
|
|
10,499 |
|
|
|
10,947 |
|
|
|
6,720 |
|
Germany |
|
|
10,393 |
|
|
|
6,106 |
|
|
|
1,255 |
|
Other Europe |
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
1,628 |
|
|
|
24,599 |
|
Other Asia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,390 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
297,404 |
|
|
$ |
228,469 |
|
|
$ |
234,232 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
During 2009, 2008, and 2007, the following customers accounted for 10% or more of total
revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
|
2007 |
Samsung
Electronics Company, Ltd. |
|
|
33 |
% |
|
|
< 10 |
% |
|
|
< 10 |
% |
LG Electronics |
|
|
19 |
% |
|
|
25 |
% |
|
|
25 |
% |
Sharp Corporation |
|
|
10 |
% |
|
|
16 |
% |
|
|
19 |
% |
NEC Corporation |
|
|
< 10 |
% |
|
|
12 |
% |
|
|
14 |
% |
At December 31, 2009 and 2008, we held $9.6 million, or 92%, and $18.4 million or 88%,
respectively, of our property and equipment in the United States net of accumulated
depreciation. We also held $0.8 million and $2.6 million, respectively, of property and equipment,
net of accumulated depreciation, in Canada.
4. SIGNIFICANT AGREEMENTS:
Samsung Settlement
On January 14, 2009, we entered into a patent license agreement (the 2009 Samsung PLA) with
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. of Korea (Samsung) covering Samsungs affiliates, including Samsung
Electronics America, Inc. The agreement supersedes the terms of the binding term sheet signed in
November 2008 by such parties and provides for the termination of the 1996 patent license agreement
between us. Under the terms of the agreement, Samsung has agreed to pay us $400.0 million in four
equal installments over an 18-month period to resolve the outstanding arbitration disputes
involving Samsungs sale of 2G products, as well as the patent disputes over Samsungs sales of 3G
products. Following our January 30, 2009 receipt of Samsungs first payment, the parties moved to
end all litigation and arbitration proceedings ongoing between them as more fully discussed in the
Note 8 Litigation and Legal Proceedings.
Under the terms of the agreement, we have granted Samsung a royalty-bearing license covering
Samsungs sale of 3G products (including products built under both the WCDMA and cdma2000 standards
and certain of their related extensions) through 2012, and a license covering Samsungs sale of 2G
single-mode TDMA-based products that will become paid-up in 2010.
We recognize the revenue associated with the agreement on a straight-line basis from January
14, 2009 through the expiration of the agreement on December 31, 2012. The total amount of revenue
recognized will include approximately $7.0 million of deferred revenue from our 1996 patent license
agreement. During 2009, we received the first two of four $100.0 million installments from
Samsung. The remaining two $100.0 million installments are due to us within the next twelve months
and have been recorded in our accounts receivable as of December 31, 2009. We received the third
$100.0 million installment in January 2010.
67
Pantech Agreement
On September 21, 2009, we entered into a worldwide patent licensing agreement with Pantech
Co., Ltd. (Pantech) (formally known separately as Pantech Co., Ltd. and Pantech & Curitel
Communications, Inc.). In consideration for the license, Pantech agreed to pay royalties in the
amount of $90.0 million plus the amount of Korean Won required to buy a predetermined amount of
equity in the company. Due to currency exchange rate fluctuations, the amount of Korean Won that we
ultimately received for the equity purchase translated to approximately $31.7 million on September
25, 2009, the date of payment, for a total of $121.7 million received or to be received from
Pantech pursuant to the licensing agreement. In addition, Pantech will pay us additional royalties
if designated sales thresholds are exceeded.
Simultaneous with the execution of the patent license agreement, we executed a stock purchase
agreement to acquire a minority stake in Pantech using the Korean Won provided by Pantech. In
accordance with established fair value accounting guidance, we valued this equity investment at
$21.7 million based on a third-party valuation of Pantech that used the discounted cash flow method
and incorporated an illiquidity discount. As a result, this equity investment increased deferred
revenue by $21.7 million.
Due to the investment valuation, the minimum amount of revenue we expect to recognize over the
life of this patent license agreement is $111.7 million. We will recognize this revenue on a
straight-line basis from the inception of the agreement through December 31, 2016. See Note 2
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information regarding our accounting
for our equity investment in Pantech.
5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
Land |
|
$ |
695 |
|
|
$ |
695 |
|
Building and improvements |
|
|
7,402 |
|
|
|
7,264 |
|
Engineering and test equipment |
|
|
7,651 |
|
|
|
29,409 |
|
Computer equipment |
|
|
8,477 |
|
|
|
20,508 |
|
Computer software |
|
|
14,789 |
|
|
|
26,013 |
|
Furniture and fixtures |
|
|
1,175 |
|
|
|
4,543 |
|
Leasehold improvements |
|
|
4,224 |
|
|
|
4,221 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
44,413 |
|
|
|
92,653 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: accumulated depreciation |
|
|
(34,014 |
) |
|
|
(71,679 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
10,399 |
|
|
$ |
20,974 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation expense was $6.1 million, $9.9 million, and $8.9 million in 2009, 2008, and 2007,
respectively. Depreciation expense included depreciation of computer software costs of $2.3
million, $3.2 million, and $2.5 million in 2009, 2008, and 2007, respectively. Accumulated
depreciation related to computer software costs was $11.6 million and $20.8 million at December 31,
2009 and 2008, respectively.
6. OBLIGATIONS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
Credit facility |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Mortgage debt |
|
|
733 |
|
|
|
977 |
|
Capital leases |
|
|
319 |
|
|
|
1,952 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total debt obligations |
|
$ |
1,052 |
|
|
$ |
2,929 |
|
Less: Current portion |
|
|
(584 |
) |
|
|
(1,608 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt obligations |
|
$ |
468 |
|
|
$ |
1,321 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In December 2005, we entered into a two-year $60.0 million unsecured revolving
credit facility (Credit Agreement). We did not borrow against the Credit Agreement during the
initial two-year term. In December 2007, we entered into an Amendment to Credit Agreement
resulting in the continuation of our two year $60.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility
through December 2009. In light of our
68
financial position and in connection with the
reduction of recurring operating expenses expected to result from our repositioning plan, we
terminated our $60.0 million unsecured revolving credit agreement on April 2, 2009.
During 1996, we purchased our King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, facility for $3.7
million, including cash of $0.9 million and a 16-year mortgage of $2.8 million with interest
payable at a rate of 8.28% per annum. The carrying amount of the land and office building in King
of Prussia was $1.5 million as of December 31, 2009.
One capital software lease obligation is payable annually. All other capital
lease obligations are payable in monthly installments. As of December 31, 2009, all capital leases
had a weighted average interest rate of 5.41%. The net book value of software and equipment under
capitalized lease obligations was $0.6 million at December 31, 2009 and $1.9 million at December
31, 2008.
Maturities of principal of the long-term debt obligations as of December 31,
2009 are as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
$ |
584 |
|
2011 |
|
|
288 |
|
2012 |
|
|
180 |
|
Thereafter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
1,052 |
|
|
|
|
|
7. COMMITMENTS
Leases
We have entered into various operating lease agreements. Total rent expense, primarily for
office space, was $2.7 million, $3.1 million, and $4.0 million in 2009, 2008, and 2007,
respectively. Minimum future rental payments for operating leases as of December 31, 2009 are as
follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
$ |
2,393 |
|
2011 |
|
|
2,122 |
|
2012 |
|
|
1,569 |
|
2013 |
|
|
242 |
|
2014 |
|
|
252 |
|
Thereafter |
|
|
|
|
8. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Nokia United States International Trade Commission (USITC or the Commission) Proceeding and
Related Delaware District Court and Southern District of New York Proceedings
In August 2007, InterDigital filed a USITC Complaint against Nokia Corporation and Nokia, Inc.
(collectively, Nokia) alleging that Nokia engaged in an unfair trade practice by selling for
importation into the United States, importing into the United States, and selling after importation
into the United States, certain 3G mobile handsets and components that infringe two of
InterDigitals patents. In November and December 2007, a third patent and fourth patent,
respectively, were added to our Complaint against Nokia. The Complaint seeks an exclusion order
barring from entry into the United States infringing 3G mobile handsets and components that are
imported by or on behalf of Nokia. Our Complaint also seeks a cease-and-desist order to bar further
sales of infringing Nokia products that have already been imported into the United States.
In addition, on the same date as our filing of the USITC action referenced above, we also
filed a Complaint in the Delaware District Court alleging that Nokias 3G mobile handsets and
components infringe the same two InterDigital patents identified in the original USITC Complaint.
This Delaware action was stayed on January 10, 2008, pursuant to the mandatory, statutory stay of
parallel district court proceedings at the request of a respondent in a USITC investigation. Thus,
this Delaware action is stayed with respect to the patents in this case until the USITCs
determination on these patents becomes final, including any appeals. The Delaware District Court
permitted InterDigital to add to the stayed Delaware action the third and fourth patents
InterDigital asserted against Nokia in the USITC action.
Nokia, joined by Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (Samsung), moved to consolidate the Nokia
USITC proceeding with an investigation we had earlier initiated against Samsung in the USITC. On
October 24, 2007, the Honorable Paul J. Luckern, the Administrative Law Judge
69
overseeing the two
USITC proceedings against Samsung and Nokia, respectively, issued an Order to consolidate the two
pending investigations. Pursuant to the Order, the schedules for both investigations were revised
to consolidate proceedings and set a unified evidentiary hearing on April 21-28, 2008, the filing
of a single initial determination by Judge Luckern by July 11, 2008, and a target date for the
consolidated investigations of November 12, 2008, by which date the USITC would issue its final
determination (the Target Date).
On December 4, 2007, Nokia moved for an order terminating or, alternatively, staying the USITC
investigation as to Nokia, on the ground that Nokia and InterDigital must first arbitrate a dispute
as to whether Nokia is licensed under the patents asserted by InterDigital against Nokia in the
USITC investigation. On January 8, 2008, Judge Luckern issued an order denying Nokias motion and
holding that Nokia has waived its arbitration defense by instituting and participating in the
investigation and other legal proceedings. On February 13, 2008, Nokia filed an action in the U.S.
District Court for the Southern District of New York (the Southern District Action), seeking to
preliminarily enjoin InterDigital from proceeding with the USITC investigation with respect to
Nokia, in spite of Judge Luckerns ruling denying Nokias motion to terminate the USITC
investigation. Nokia raised in this preliminary injunction action the same arguments it raised in
its motion to terminate the USITC investigation, namely that InterDigital allegedly must first
arbitrate its alleged license dispute with Nokia and that Nokia has not waived arbitration of this
defense. In the Southern District Action, Nokia also sought to compel InterDigital to arbitrate its
alleged license dispute with Nokia and, in the alternative, sought a determination by the District
Court that Nokia is licensed under the patents asserted by InterDigital against Nokia in the USITC
investigation. On March 7, 2008, InterDigital filed a motion to dismiss Nokias claim in the
alternative that Nokia is licensed under the patents asserted by InterDigital against Nokia in the
USITC investigation.
On February 8, 2008, Nokia filed a motion for summary determination in the USITC that
InterDigital cannot show that a domestic industry exists in the United States as required to obtain
relief. Samsung joined this motion. InterDigital opposed this motion. On February 14, 2008,
InterDigital filed a motion for summary determination that InterDigital satisfies the domestic
industry requirement based on its licensing activities. On February 26, 2008, InterDigital filed a
motion for summary determination that it has separately satisfied the so-called economic prong
for establishing that a domestic industry exists based on InterDigitals chipset product that
practices the asserted patents. Samsung and Nokia opposed these motions. On March 17, 2008, Samsung
and Nokia filed a motion to strike any evidence concerning InterDigitals product and to preclude
InterDigital from introducing any such evidence in relation to domestic industry at the evidentiary
hearing. On March 26, 2008, the Administrative Law Judge granted InterDigitals motion for summary
determination that it has satisfied the so-called economic prong for establishing that a domestic
industry exists based on InterDigitals chipset product that practices the asserted patents and
denied Samsungs motion to strike and preclude introduction of evidence concerning InterDigitals
domestic industry product.
On March 17, 2008, Nokia and Samsung jointly moved for summary determination that U.S. Patent
No. 6,693,579, which was asserted against both Samsung and Nokia, is invalid. InterDigital opposed
this motion. On April 14, 2008, the Administrative Law Judge denied Nokias and Samsungs joint
motion for summary determination that the 579 patent is invalid.
On March 20, 2008, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, ruling from
the bench, decided that Nokia is likely to prevail on the issue of whether Nokias alleged
entitlement to a license is arbitrable. The Court did not consider or rule on whether Nokia is
entitled to such a license. As a result, the Court entered a preliminary injunction requiring
InterDigital to participate in arbitration of the license
issue and requiring InterDigital to cease participation in the USITC proceeding by April 11, 2008,
but only with respect to Nokia. The Court further ordered Nokia to post a $500,000 bond by March
28, 2008, which Nokia did. InterDigital promptly filed a request for a stay of the preliminary
injunction and for an expedited appeal with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit,
which transferred the appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. The preliminary
injunction became effective on April 11, 2008, and, in accordance with the Courts order,
InterDigital filed a motion with the Administrative Law Judge to stay the USITC proceeding against
Nokia pending InterDigitals appeal of the District Courts decision or, if that appeal were
unsuccessful, pending the Nokia TDD Arbitration (described below). On April 14, 2008, the
Administrative Law Judge ordered that the date for the commencement of the evidentiary hearing,
originally scheduled for April 21, 2008, be suspended until further notice from the Administrative
Law Judge. The Administrative Law Judge did not at that point change the scheduled date of July 11,
2008 for his initial determination in the investigation or the scheduled Target Date of November
12, 2008 for a decision by the USITC. InterDigitals motion for a stay of the preliminary
injunction and for an expedited appeal was considered by a panel of the Second Circuit on April 15,
2008. On April 16, 2008, the Second Circuit denied the motion for stay but set an expedited
briefing schedule for resolving InterDigitals appeal on the merits of whether the District Courts
order granting the preliminary injunction should be reversed.
On April 17, 2008, InterDigital filed a motion with the USITC to separate the consolidated
investigations against Nokia and Samsung in order for the investigation to continue against Samsung
pending the expedited appeal or, if the appeal is unsuccessful, pending the Nokia TDD Arbitration.
Samsung and Nokia opposed InterDigitals motion. On May 16, 2008, the Administrative Law Judge
deconsolidated the investigations against Samsung and Nokia and set an evidentiary hearing date in
the investigation against Samsung (337-TA-601) to begin on July 8, 2008.
On May 20, 2008, the Administrative Law Judge denied without prejudice all pending motions in
the consolidated investigation (337-TA-613).
On June 17, 2008, a panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit heard oral
argument on InterDigitals appeal from the Order of the U.S. District Court for the Southern
District of New York preliminarily enjoining InterDigital from proceeding against Nokia in the
consolidated investigation. On July 31, 2008, the Second Circuit reversed the preliminary
injunction, finding that Nokias litigation conduct resulted in a waiver of any right to arbitrate
its license dispute. InterDigital promptly notified the Administrative Law Judge in the Nokia
investigation (337-TA-613) of the Second Circuits decision. On August 14, 2008, Nokia filed a
petition for rehearing and petition for
70
rehearing en banc of the Second Circuits decision, and on
September 15, 2008, the Second Circuit denied Nokias petitions. The mandate from the Second
Circuit issued to the Southern District of New York on September 22, 2008. Notwithstanding the
Second Circuits decision, on October 17, 2008 Nokia filed a request for a status conference with
the District Court to establish a procedural schedule for Nokia to pursue a permanent injunction
requiring InterDigital to arbitrate Nokias alleged license defense, and arguing that the Second
Circuits decision does not bar such an action. On October 23, 2008, InterDigital filed a response
with the District Court asserting that the Second Circuits waiver finding was dispositive, and
seeking the dismissal of Nokias complaint in its entirety. On March 5, 2009, the Court in the
Southern District Action granted InterDigitals request and dismissed all of Nokias claims in the
Southern District Action, but delayed issuing a final judgment pending a request by InterDigital
seeking to collect against the $500,000 preliminary injunction bond posted by Nokia. On April 3,
2009, InterDigital filed a motion to collect against the preliminary injunction bond, contending
that InterDigital was damaged by at least $500,000 as a result of the wrongfully obtained
preliminary injunction. Briefing on InterDigitals motion has been completed, but the Court has not
yet ruled on this motion.
On September 24, 2008, InterDigital filed a motion to lift the stay of the Nokia investigation
(337-TA-613) based on the issuance of the Second Circuits mandate reversing the preliminary
injunction granted to Nokia. The Administrative Law Judge granted InterDigitals motion on
September 25, 2008 and lifted the stay. On October 7, 2008, the Administrative Law Judge issued an
Order in the Nokia investigation setting the evidentiary hearing for May 26-29, 2009. On October
10, 2008, the Administrative Law Judge issued an Order resetting the Target Date for the USITCs
Final Determination in the Nokia investigation to December 14, 2009, and requiring a final Initial
Determination by the Administrative Law Judge to be entered no later than August 14, 2009.
On January 21, 2009, Nokia filed a motion to schedule a claim construction hearing in the
USITC proceeding in early February 2009, and on January 29, 2009, InterDigital filed an opposition
to the motion for a claim construction hearing. On February 9, 2009, the Administrative Law Judge
denied Nokias motion for a claim construction hearing.
On February 13, 2009, InterDigital filed a renewed motion for summary determination that
InterDigital has satisfied the domestic industry requirement based on its licensing activities, and
on February 27, 2009, Nokia filed an opposition to the motion. On March 10, 2009, the
Administrative Law Judge granted InterDigitals motion, finding that InterDigital has established,
through its licensing activities, that a domestic industry exists in the United States as required
to obtain relief before the USITC. On April 9, 2009, the Commission issued a notice that it would
not review the Administrative Law Judges Order granting summary determination of a licensing-based
domestic industry, thereby adopting the Administrative Law Judges decision.
The evidentiary hearing for the USITC investigation with respect to Nokia was held from May
26, 2009 through June 2, 2009.
On August 14, 2009, the Administrative Law Judge issued an Initial Determination finding no
violation of Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. The Initial Determination found that
InterDigitals patents were valid and enforceable, but that Nokia did not infringe these patents.
In the event that a Section 337 violation were to be found by the Commission, the Administrative
Law Judge recommended the issuance of a
limited exclusion order barring entry into the United States of infringing Nokia 3G WCDMA handsets
and components as well as the issuance of appropriate cease and desist orders.
On August 31, 2009, InterDigital filed a petition for review of certain issues raised in the
August 14, 2009 Initial Determination. On that same date, Nokia also filed a contingent petition
for review of certain issues in the Initial Determination. Responses to both petitions were filed
on September 8, 2009.
On October 16, 2009, the Commission issued a notice that it had determined to review in part
the Initial Determination, and that it affirmed the Administrative Law Judges determination of no
violation and terminated the investigation. The Commission determined to review the claim
construction of the patent claim terms synchronize and access signal and also determined to
review the Administrative Law Judges validity determinations. On review, the Commission modified
the ALJs claim construction of access signal and took no position with regard to the claim term
synchronize or the validity determinations. The Commission determined not to review the remaining
issues decided in the Initial Determination.
On November 30, 2009, InterDigital filed with the United States Court of Appeals for the
Federal Circuit a petition for review of certain rulings by the Commission. In the appeal,
InterDigital can raise any of the issues raised in its August 31, 2009 petition, except for the
construction of the term synchronize, on which the Commission took no position. The issue of
validity, on which the Commission also took no position, likewise cannot be raised in this appeal.
On December 17, 2009, Nokia filed a motion to intervene in the appeal, which was granted by the
Court on January 4, 2010. InterDigitals opening brief is due to be filed by March 12, 2010.
Under the Federal Circuits rules, briefs by Nokia and the Commission must be filed within 40 days
after service of InterDigitals opening brief, absent any extension. InterDigital may then file a
reply brief within 14 days after the last to be served of Nokias and the Commissions briefs,
absent any extension. The Court has not yet entered a schedule for oral argument.
InterDigital has no obligation as a result of the above matter and we have not recorded a
related liability in our financial statements.
Nokia TDD Arbitration
On April 1, 2008, Nokia Corporation filed a Request for Arbitration with the International
Chamber of Commerce against InterDigital, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries InterDigital
Communications, LLC, and InterDigital Technology Corporation, seeking a declaration that
71
Nokia is
licensed under the patents asserted by InterDigital against Nokia in the USITC investigation
pursuant to the parties TDD Development Agreement.
On May 9, 2008, InterDigital filed an Answer to Nokias Request for Arbitration, requesting,
inter alia: (i) that the arbitration be dismissed because the dispute is not arbitrable and, even
if arbitrable, Nokia waived its right to arbitration; and, in the alternative, (ii) a declaration
that Nokia is not licensed to the patents at issue in the USITC investigation pursuant to the
parties TDD Development Agreement.
On July 17, 2008, the arbitral tribunal was constituted.
On July 31, 2008, as discussed above, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second
Circuit reversed the district courts grant of an order requiring InterDigital to submit the TDD
issue to arbitration, finding that Nokia waived any right to arbitrate the issue. InterDigital
believed that Nokia should not be permitted to continue to pursue this arbitration in light of the
Second Circuits finding of waiver and requested that the arbitration be dismissed. Nokia asserted
that the Second Circuits decision was not a final decision on the issue of waiver, and has
contended that Nokia may submit the waiver issue to the arbitral tribunal or, as indicated above,
to the District Court on remand. However, as discussed above (see Nokia USITC Proceeding and
Related Delaware District Court and Southern District of New York Proceedings above), on March 5,
2009, the Court in the Southern District Action issued an order dismissing Nokias complaint in its
entirety, agreeing with InterDigital that the Second Circuits decision on waiver was final. In
light of the above, on June 4, 2009, Nokia informed the Tribunal that Nokia was withdrawing its
Request for Arbitration. On June 25, 2009, the International Chamber of Commerce informed the
parties that it was closing the file for this arbitration.
InterDigital has no obligation as a result of the above matter and we have not recorded a
related liability in our financial statements.
Nokia Delaware Proceeding
In January 2005, Nokia filed a Complaint in the United States District Court for the District
of Delaware (Delaware District Court) against InterDigital Communications Corporation (now IDC)
and ITC (for purposes of the Nokia Delaware Proceeding described herein, IDC and ITC are
collectively referred to as InterDigital, we, or our), alleging that we have used false or
misleading descriptions or representations regarding our patents scope, validity, and
applicability to products built to comply with 3G wireless phone Standards (Nokia Delaware
Proceeding). We subsequently filed counterclaims based on Nokias licensing activities as well as
Nokias false or misleading descriptions or representations regarding Nokias 3G patents and
Nokias undisclosed funding and direction of an allegedly independent study of the essentiality of
3G patents.
On December 10, 2007, pursuant to a joint request by the parties, the Delaware District Court
entered an Order staying the proceedings pending the full and final resolution of the Companys
USITC investigation against Nokia. Specifically, the full and final resolution of the USITC
investigation includes any initial or final determinations of the Administrative Law Judge
overseeing the proceeding, the USITC, and any appeals there from. Pursuant to the Order, the
parties and their affiliates are generally prohibited from initiating against the other parties, in
any forum, any claims or counterclaims that are the same as the claims and counterclaims pending in
the Nokia Delaware Proceeding, and should any of the same or similar claims or counterclaims be
initiated by a party, the other parties may seek dissolution of the stay.
Except for the Nokia Delaware Proceeding and the Nokia Arbitration Concerning Presentations
(described below), the Order does not affect any of the other legal proceedings between the
parties, including the Nokia USITC Proceeding and Related Delaware District Court Proceeding.
Nokia Arbitration Concerning Presentations
In November 2006, InterDigital Communications Corporation (now IDC) and ITC filed a Request
for Arbitration with the International Chamber of Commerce against Nokia (Nokia Arbitration
Concerning Presentations), claiming that certain presentations Nokia has attempted to use in
support of its claims in the Nokia Delaware Proceeding are confidential and, as a result, may not
be used in the Nokia Delaware Proceeding pursuant to the parties agreement.
The December 10, 2007 Order entered by the Delaware District Court to stay the Nokia Delaware
Proceeding (described above) also stayed the Nokia Arbitration Concerning Presentations pending the
full and final resolution of the USITC investigation against Nokia as described above.
Other
We are party to certain other disputes and legal actions in the ordinary course of business.
We do not believe that these matters, even if adversely adjudicated or settled, would have a
material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
9. INSURANCE REIMBURSEMENTS
We did not receive any insurance reimbursements during 2009. However, during 2008 and 2007, we
received payments from insurance providers of $7.2 million and $1.7 million, respectively, to
reimburse us for portions of our defense costs in certain litigation with Nokia. These amounts
reduced our Patent administration and licensing expenses in 2008 and 2007.
72
10. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A member of our board of directors is Chairman of the Advisory Board to a firm that provides
us with consulting services. We paid this firm approximately $0.1 million, less than $0.1 million,
and $0.3 million in 2009, 2008, and 2007 respectively. Our board member did not receive any direct
compensation or commissions related to these engagements.
On December 17, 2009 we announced a multi-faceted collaboration agreement with Attila
Technologies LLC, a company in which we have a direct investment. We will collaborate on
the development and marketing of bandwidth aggregation technologies and related multi-network
innovations. In addition, we paid approximately $0.7 million to acquire a 7% minority stake in
Attila. No other amounts were paid or are payable to Attila for the period ended December 31,
2009.
11. COMPENSATION PLANS AND PROGRAMS
Equity Compensation Plans
On June 4, 2009, the Companys shareholders adopted and approved the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2009 Plan),
under which current or prospective officers and employees and non-employee directors, consultants
and advisors can receive share-based awards such as RSUs, restricted stock, stock options and other
stock awards. As of this date, no further grants were permitted under any previously existing stock plans (the Pre-existing Plans). We issue the share-based awards authorized under the 2009 Plan through a variety of
compensation programs.
The following table summarizes changes in the number of equity instruments available for grant
under the Companys stock plan(s) for the current year:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Available
for Grant |
|
Balance
at December 31, 2008 |
|
|
1,816 |
|
RSUs granted (a) |
|
|
(1,028 |
) |
Options and RSUs canceled |
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at June 3, 2009 |
|
|
993 |
|
June 4, 2009 Authorization (b) |
|
|
2,114 |
|
RSUs granted (a) |
|
|
(76 |
) |
Options and RSUs canceled |
|
|
374 |
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
at December 31, 2009 |
|
|
3,405 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(a) |
|
Includes performance-based RSUs. |
|
(b) |
|
On June 4, 2009, the Companys shareholders adopted and approved the 2009 Plan. As of this date, no further
grants were permitted under the Pre-Existing Plans, and all remaining equity instruments
available for grant under the Pre-existing Plans became available for grant under the 2009 Plan. |
Stock Options
We have outstanding non-qualified stock options that were granted under the Pre-existing Plans to non-employee directors, officers and employees of the Company
and other specified groups, depending on the plan. No further grants are allowed under the
Pre-existing Plans. In 2009, our shareholders approved the 2009 Plan, which allows for the granting
of incentive and non-qualified stock options, as well as other securities. The 2009 Plan authorizes
the issuance of up to approximately 3.0 million shares of common stock. The administrator of the
2009 Plan, initially the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, determines the number of
options to be granted. Under the terms of the 2009 Plan, the exercise price per share of each
option, other than in the event of options granted in connection with a merger or other
acquisition, cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share of common stock on the
date of grant. Under all of the plans, options are generally exercisable for a period of 10 years
from the date of grant and may vest on the grant date, another specified date or over a period of
time.
Information with respect to current year stock options activity under the above plans is
summarized as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
|
|
|
Outstanding Options |
|
|
Exercise |
|
|
|
|
Number |
|
|
Price Range |
|
|
Price |
|
Balance at
December 31,
2008 |
|
|
|
3,427 |
|
|
$ |
0.0139.00 |
|
|
$ |
17.16 |
|
Canceled |
|
|
|
(82 |
) |
|
|
27.2639.00 |
|
|
|
37.89 |
|
Exercised |
|
|
|
(730 |
) |
|
|
4.8125.81 |
|
|
|
10.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at
December 31,
2009 |
|
|
|
2,615 |
|
|
$ |
0.0139.00 |
|
|
$ |
18.39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following table summarizes information regarding the stock options outstanding at December
31, 2009 (in thousands, except for per share amounts):
73
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
Number |
|
Average |
|
Weighted |
|
|
Outstanding |
|
Remaining |
|
Average |
|
|
and |
|
Contractual |
|
Exercise |
Range of Exercise Prices |
|
Exercisable |
|
Life (years)* |
|
Price |
|
|
|
$0.01 $9.00 |
|
|
285 |
|
|
|
11.66 |
|
|
$ |
7.20 |
|
$9.03 $9.60 |
|
|
298 |
|
|
|
1.99 |
|
|
|
9.59 |
|
$9.77 $11.63 |
|
|
303 |
|
|
|
14.64 |
|
|
|
11.04 |
|
$11.69 $13.19 |
|
|
385 |
|
|
|
1.43 |
|
|
|
12.45 |
|
$13.53 $17.00 |
|
|
277 |
|
|
|
1.94 |
|
|
|
15.38 |
|
$17.08 $20.19 |
|
|
264 |
|
|
|
2.44 |
|
|
|
18.51 |
|
$20.38 $25.25 |
|
|
284 |
|
|
|
2.17 |
|
|
|
24.12 |
|
$25.34 $31.81 |
|
|
97 |
|
|
|
2.8 |
|
|
|
27.24 |
|
$34.13 $34.13 |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
0.18 |
|
|
|
34.13 |
|
$39.00 $39.00 |
|
|
409 |
|
|
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$0.01 $39.00 |
|
|
2,615 |
|
|
|
4.2 |
|
|
$ |
18.39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
We currently have approximately 213,000 options outstanding that have an indefinite
contractual life. These options were granted between 1983 and 1986 under a Pre-existing Plan. For
purposes of this table, these options were assigned an original life in excess of 50 years. The
majority of these options have an exercise price between $8.25 and $11.63. |
The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2009,
2008, and 2007 was $11.2 million, $4.9 million, and $14.2 million, respectively. The total
intrinsic value of our options outstanding at December 31, 2009 was $26.7 million. In 2009, we
recorded cash received from the exercise of options of $7.6 million and tax benefits from option
exercises and RSU vestings of $3.9 million. Upon option exercise, we issued new shares of stock.
At
December 31, 2009 and 2008, we had, respectively, approximately
2.1 million and 2.9 million options
outstanding that had exercise prices less than the fair market value of our stock at each balance
sheet date. These options would have generated cash proceeds to the Company of $30.4 million and
$38.9 million, respectively, if they had been fully exercised on those dates.
RSUs
and Restricted Stock
Under
the 2009 Plan, we may issue up to approximately 3.0 million
RSUs and/or shares of restricted stock to current or
prospective officers and employees and non-employee directors, consultants and advisors. The RSUs
vest over periods generally ranging from 0 to 3 years from the date of the grant. As of December
31, 2009 and 2008, we had issued approximately 3.8 million and 2.7 million RSUs, respectively,
under the 2009 Plan and/or certain Pre-existing Plans. No further grants are allowed under the
Pre-existing Plans. The related compensation expense is amortized over vesting periods that are
generally from 0 to 3 years. As of December 31, 2009 and 2008, we had issued
approximately 0.5 million and 0.5 million shares of restricted stock,
respectively. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, we had unrecognized compensation cost
related to share-based
awards of $6.4 million and $2.8 million, respectively. We expect to amortize the unrecognized
compensation cost at December 31, 2009 over a weighted average period of less than one year using
an accelerated method.
We grant RSUs as an
element of compensation to all of our employees. RSU awards to our
management personnel are primarily granted under our Long-Term
Compensation Program (LTCP). The RSU awards vest over
three years according to the following schedules:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year 1 |
|
Year 2 |
|
Year 3 |
Time-Based Awards |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Employees below manager level (represents 100% of the total award) |
|
|
33 |
% |
|
|
33 |
% |
|
|
34 |
% |
- Managers and technical equivalents (represents 75% of the total award) |
|
|
25 |
% |
|
|
25 |
% |
|
|
25 |
% |
- Senior officers (represents 50% of the total award) |
|
|
0 |
% |
|
|
0 |
% |
|
|
50 |
% |
Performance-Based Awards |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Managers and technical equivalents (remaining 25% of the total award) |
|
|
0 |
% |
|
|
0 |
% |
|
|
25 |
% |
- Senior officers (remaining 50% of the total award) |
|
|
0 |
% |
|
|
0 |
% |
|
|
50 |
% |
Vesting of performance-based RSU awards is subject to attainment of specific goals previously
established by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Depending upon performance
against these goals, the payout range could be anywhere from 0 to 3 times the values shown under
Year 3 of the performance-based awards section above.
Information with respect to
current RSU activity is summarized as follows (in
thousands, except per share amounts):
74
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
Number of |
|
|
Average |
|
|
|
Unvested |
|
|
Grant Date |
|
|
|
RSUs |
|
|
Fair Value |
|
Balance at December 31, 2008 |
|
|
695 |
|
|
$ |
30.09 |
|
Granted** |
|
|
1,104 |
|
|
|
26.91 |
|
Forfeited |
|
|
(495 |
) |
|
|
30.8 |
|
Vested |
|
|
(244 |
) |
|
|
23.17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2009 |
|
|
1,060 |
|
|
$ |
28.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
** |
|
The number of RSUs presented as granted in 2009 includes approximately 0.5
million performance-based RSUs that may be satisfied with between 0 and 0.5 million shares of
common stock on January 1, 2012, depending upon the companys performance against previously
established operating measures between the grant and end date for RSU Cycle 4. |
The total vest date fair value of our RSUs that vested in 2009, 2008, and 2007 was $6.3
million, $9.1 million, and $6.4 million, respectively.
Other RSU Grants
We also grant RSUs to all non-employee board members and, in special circumstances, management
personnel outside of the LTCP. Grants of this type are supplemental to any awards granted to
management personnel through the LTCP.
Compensation Programs
We use a variety of compensation programs to both attract and retain employees and more
closely align employee compensation with Company performance. These programs include both cash
components and share-based components. We issue new shares of our common stock to satisfy our
obligations under the share-based components of these programs from the 2009 Plan discussed above.
However, our board of directors has the right to authorize the issuance of treasury shares to
satisfy such obligations in the future. We recognized $(0.1) million, $17.2 million, and $3.9
million of compensation expense in 2009, 2008, and 2007, respectively, related to the
performance-based cash incentive component of our LTCP, discussed
in greater detail below. During 2009, we adjusted our accrual rate from
100% to 50%, for the incentive period from
January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2010, which resulted
in a $2.3 million reduction of our accrual established in the prior
year.
This reduction was based on our revised expectations for the payout that will become due under this
performance-based cash compensation
program. The 2008 amount includes a fourth quarter 2008 charge of $9.4 million to increase our
accrual for Cycle 2a from the previously estimated payout of 100% to the actual payout of 175%. The
increase in the incentive payout was driven by the Companys success in a number of key goals,
including signing LG and Samsung, two of the top five cellular handset OEMs, to 3G licensing
agreements. These licenses helped increase our share of the 3G market under license from
approximately 20% to approximately 50%, and drove substantial positive operating cash flow over the
period. We also recognized share-based compensation expense of $9.8 million, $5.1 million, and $9.8
million in 2009, 2008, and 2007, respectively. The majority of the share-based compensation
expense, for all years, relate to RSU awards granted to managers under our LTCP.
LTCP
The LTCP applies to all management personnel and includes a time-based RSU component, a
performance-based RSU component and a performance-based cash incentive component. The LTCP was
originally designed to alternate between RSU and cash cycles, each of which cover a three-year
period and can overlap with another cycle by as many as two years. However, the first cycle under
the program covered the period from April 1, 2004 through January 1, 2006 (Cycle 1). The second
cycle originally covered the period from January 1, 2005 through January 1, 2008 (Cycle 2). In
second quarter 2005, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors amended the LTCP to
revise the performance-based cash award portion of Cycle 2 to cover a 3 1 /
2 year period from July 1, 2005 through January 1, 2009 (Cycle 2a), and authorized a
prorated interim payment of approximately $0.9 million related to first half 2005. The third RSU
cycle (RSU Cycle 3) began on January 1, 2007 and ran through January 1, 2010. The third
performance-based cash award cycle (Cash Cycle 3) began on January 1, 2008 and runs through January
1, 2011. The fourth RSU cycle (RSU Cycle 4) began on January 1, 2009 and runs through January 1,
2012.
During 2006, the LTCP was amended such that, beginning with the January 1, 2007 grant,
executives now receive 50% of their RSU grant as performance-based RSUs and 50% as time-based.
Under the amendment, the Companys managers now receive 25% of their RSU grant as performance-based
RSUs and 75% as time-based. In 2009, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors further
amended the LTCP so that the Committee may pay up to 100% of any award under a cash cycle of the
LTCP to any member of senior management in shares of
75
restricted stock, at the Committees
discretion and on an individual basis, as a means to increase the senior management members equity
ownership in the Company.
Other RSU Grants
We also grant RSUs to all non-management employees, all non-employee board members and, in
special circumstances, management personnel outside of the LTCP. Grants of this type are
supplemental to any awards granted to management personnel through the LTCP.
401(k) and Profit Sharing
We have a 401(k) plan (Savings Plan) wherein employees can elect to defer compensation
within federal limits. The Company matches a portion of employee contributions. At its discretion,
the Company may also make a profit-sharing contribution to our employees 401(k) accounts. In 2009,
2008, and 2007, we issued 25,563, 14,673, and 13,963 shares of common stock to satisfy our accrued
obligations from the prior years of $0.6 million, $0.4 million, and $0.5 million related to our
profit-sharing contributions to eligible employees under our Savings Plan.
Annual Bonus
We have a performance-based annual bonus plan that is applicable to all employees. For awards
earned in the years 1999 through 2007, members of senior management were paid 30% of their bonus in
shares of restricted stock. Receiving a portion of their annual bonus in the form of equity served
to align more closely senior managements interests with those of our shareholders. These shares
had full voting power, the right to receive dividends and were not forfeitable, but were restricted
as to their transferability for a two-year period. We issued zero, 27,166, and 11,765 shares of
restricted stock in 2009, 2008, and 2007, respectively, to satisfy our accrued obligations from the
prior years of $0.0 million, $0.5 million, and $0.4 million, respectively, under the limited
restricted stock program of the annual bonus plan.
During 2008, as part of its annual review of executive compensation, the Compensation
Committee of the Board of Directors determined that the LTCP, which was introduced in 2004,
provides an effective method for all management-level employees to increase their equity ownership
in the Company. As a result, the Compensation Committee elected to amend the annual bonus plan as
it relates to members of senior management, so that, with respect to the annual bonus awards earned in 2008,
payouts would be 100% in cash. In 2009, the Compensation Committee further amended the annual bonus
plan so that the Committee may pay up to 100% of the annual bonus of any member of senior
management in shares of restricted stock, at the Committees discretion and on an individual basis,
as a means to increase the senior management members equity ownership in the Company.
12. SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN
In December 1996, our Board of Directors (Board) declared a distribution under our Shareholder
Rights Plan (Rights Plan) of one Right (as defined in the Rights Plan) for each outstanding common
share of the Company to shareholders of record as of the close of business on January 3, 1997. In
addition, all new common shares issued after January 3, 1997 are accompanied by one Right for each
common share issued. On December 15, 2006, the Company entered into the Amended and Restated Rights Agreement (Amended
Agreement) dated as of December 15, 2006, between the Company and American Stock Transfer and Trust
Company as Rights Agent, amending and restating the Rights Plan.
In addition to continuing the provisions of the Rights Plan as previously in effect, the
Amended Agreement (i) implemented a regular evaluation thereof by a committee composed of
non-management members of the Board who have been determined by the Board to be Independent
Directors, (ii) extended the term of the Rights Plan to December 15, 2016, (iii) simplified the
determination of the Stock Acquisition Date under the Amended Agreement, (iv) changed the Purchase
Price (as defined in the Amended Agreement) from $250 to $200, (v) changed the redemption price of
a Right from $.01 to $.001, and (vi) made certain other minor or conforming changes and other
changes to reflect current requirements under the federal securities laws.
Pursuant to the Rights Plan, as amended and restated by the Amended Agreement, each Right
entitles shareholders to buy one-thousandth of a share of Series B Junior Participating Preferred
Stock (Preferred Stock) at the Purchase Price of $200 per 1/1000th of a share, subject to
adjustment. Ordinarily, the Rights will not be exercisable until (i) 10 business days after the
earliest of any of the following events: (A) a person, entity or group other than certain
categories of shareholders exempted under the Rights Plan (collectively, a Person) acquires
beneficial ownership of 10% or more of the Companys outstanding common shares, (B) a Person
publicly commences a tender or exchange offer for 10% or more of the Companys outstanding common
shares, or (C) a Person publicly announces an intention to acquire control over the Company and
proposes to elect through a proxy or consent solicitation such a number of directors who, if
elected, would outnumber the Independent Directors (as defined in the Rights Plan) on the Board, or
(ii) such later date as may be determined by action of a majority of the Independent Directors
prior to the occurrence of any event specified in (i) above (Distribution Date). In general,
following the Distribution Date and in the event that the Company enters into a merger or other
business combination with an Acquiring Person (as defined in the Rights Plan) and the Company is
the surviving entity, each holder of a Right will have the right to receive, upon exercise, units
of Preferred Stock (or, in certain circumstances, Company common shares, cash, property, or other
securities of the Company) having a value equal to twice the exercise price of the Right, or if the
Company is acquired in such a merger or other business combination, each holder of a Right will
have the
76
right to receive stock of the acquiring entity having a value equal to twice the exercise
price of the Right. The Company reserves the right to redeem the Rights by majority action of its
Independent Directors at any time prior to the date such Rights become exercisable.
13. TAXES
Our income tax (benefit) provision consists of the following components for 2009, 2008, and
2007 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal |
|
$ |
(5,839 |
) |
|
$ |
(4,012 |
) |
|
$ |
4,797 |
|
State |
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative minimum tax (AMT) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign
incomel tax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign source withholding tax |
|
|
40,997 |
|
|
|
15,925 |
|
|
|
15,832 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35,195 |
|
|
|
11,913 |
|
|
|
20,629 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal |
|
|
909 |
|
|
|
8,267 |
|
|
|
(2,448 |
) |
Foreign source withholding tax |
|
|
(12,316 |
) |
|
|
(6,182 |
) |
|
|
(6,182 |
) |
Reversal of valuation allowance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(243 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Increase in valuation
allowance Federal |
|
|
1,659 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(9,748 |
) |
|
|
1,842 |
|
|
|
(8,630 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
25,447 |
|
|
$ |
13,755 |
|
|
$ |
11,999 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The deferred tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the following components at December 31,
2009 and 2008 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
Federal |
|
|
State |
|
|
Foreign |
|
|
Total |
|
Net operating losses |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
50,717 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
50,717 |
|
Deferred revenue, net |
|
|
15,774 |
|
|
|
7,337 |
|
|
|
32,609 |
|
|
|
55,720 |
|
Foreign tax credits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock compensation |
|
|
4,718 |
|
|
|
728 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,446 |
|
Patent amortization |
|
|
7,740 |
|
|
|
1,195 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,935 |
|
Depreciation |
|
|
1,535 |
|
|
|
237 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,772 |
|
Other accrued liabilities |
|
|
4,544 |
|
|
|
701 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,245 |
|
Other employee benefits |
|
|
972 |
|
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,122 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35,283 |
|
|
|
61,065 |
|
|
|
32,609 |
|
|
|
128,957 |
|
Less: valuation allowance |
|
|
(1,659 |
) |
|
|
(60,821 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(62,480 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred tax asset |
|
$ |
33,624 |
|
|
$ |
244 |
|
|
$ |
32,609 |
|
|
$ |
66,477 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
77
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
Federal |
|
|
State |
|
|
Foreign |
|
|
Total |
|
Net operating losses |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
56,690 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
56,690 |
|
Deferred revenue, net |
|
|
13,211 |
|
|
|
5,176 |
|
|
|
20,294 |
|
|
|
38,681 |
|
Foreign tax credits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock compensation |
|
|
5,757 |
|
|
|
920 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,677 |
|
Patent amortization |
|
|
6,177 |
|
|
|
987 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,164 |
|
Depreciation |
|
|
1,526 |
|
|
|
244 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,770 |
|
Other accrued liabilities |
|
|
8,390 |
|
|
|
1,341 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,731 |
|
Other employee benefits |
|
|
1,128 |
|
|
|
180 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,308 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36,189 |
|
|
|
65,538 |
|
|
|
20,294 |
|
|
|
122,021 |
|
Less: valuation allowance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(65,295 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(65,295 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred tax asset |
|
$ |
36,189 |
|
|
$ |
243 |
|
|
$ |
20,294 |
|
|
$ |
56,726 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following is a reconciliation of income taxes at the federal statutory rate with income taxes
recorded by the Company for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Tax at U.S. statutory rate |
|
$ |
39,446 |
|
|
$ |
13,987 |
|
|
$ |
11,201 |
|
Foreign withholding tax, with no U.S.
foreign tax credit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
State tax provision |
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
(243 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Change in federal and state valuation
allowance |
|
|
1,659 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjustment to tax credits |
|
|
(16,400 |
) |
|
|
(600 |
) |
|
|
728 |
|
Other |
|
|
718 |
|
|
|
611 |
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total tax provision |
|
$ |
25,447 |
|
|
$ |
13,755 |
|
|
$ |
11,999 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valuation Allowances and Net Operating Losses
We establish a valuation allowance for any portion of our deferred tax assets for which
management believes it is more likely than not that we will be unable to utilize the asset to
offset future taxes. We believe it is more likely than not that the vast majority of our state
deferred tax assets will not be utilized; therefore and we have maintained a near full valuation
allowance against our state deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2009.
Under
Internal Revenue Code Section 382, the utilization of a
corporations net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards
is limited following a change in ownership (as defined by the Internal Revenue Code) of greater
than 50% within a three-year Loss NOL period. If it is determined that prior equity transactions limit our
NOL carryforwards, the annual limitation will be determined by multiplying the market value of the
Company on the date of the ownership change by the federal long-term tax-exempt rate. Any amount
exceeding the annual limitation may be carried forward to future years for the balance of the NOL
carryforward period.
Uncertain Income Tax Positions
We adopted the uncertain income tax position guidance on January 1, 2007. As a result of the
implementation of this guidance, we recognized a $2.1 million increase to reserves for uncertain
tax positions. This increase, related to federal tax credits, was accounted for as a reduction to
retained earnings on the balance sheet. Including the effect of this cumulative adjustment, the
gross amount of the Companys unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007 was
$6.5 million, $4.4 million, and $4.4 million, respectively, that if recognized, would reduce the
Companys effective income tax rate in the period of recognition. The total amount of unrecognized
tax benefits could increase or decrease within the next twelve months for a number of reasons
including the expiration of statutes of limitations, audit settlements, tax examination activities,
and the recognition and measurement considerations under this guidance.
During 2007, we completed a tax study related to our research and development tax credits. As
a result of this study, we reduced the gross amount of the related research and development tax
credits by $3.0 million in third quarter 2007 when we filed our 2006 tax return. This reduction
resulted in additional income tax expense of approximately $1.5 million and reduced our related
reserve by $1.5 million. During 2007, we also filed our 2006 tax return which resulted in a
reduction in certain other gross tax benefits of $0.3 million with an equal reduction to our
reserve. During 2009, the company received a settlement offer from the Internal Revenue Service
related to their 2006 Internal Revenue Service audit. The company has reclassified $0.6 million
from the reserve to offset our current receivable, since we expect to pay this amount to the
Internal Revenue Service. Additionally, during 2009 we increased our reserve by $2.7 million
related to the recognition of a $19.1
78
million gross benefit for amending tax returns for the periods 1999 2005 to switch foreign tax
payments made during that period from a deduction to a foreign tax credits. As of December 31,
2009, our reserve is $6.5 million, excluding accrued interest. We do not expect a material change
in this estimate in the next twelve months, although a change is possible.
The following is a roll forward of our total gross unrecognized tax benefits for the fiscal years
2007 through 2009 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Balance as of January 1 |
|
$ |
4,404 |
|
|
$ |
4,404 |
|
|
$ |
6,220 |
|
Tax positions related to current year: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reductions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax positions related to prior years: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additions |
|
|
2,655 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reductions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,816 |
) |
Settlements |
|
|
(600 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lapses in statues of limitations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31 |
|
$ |
6,459 |
|
|
$ |
4,404 |
|
|
$ |
4,404 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Our policy is to
recognize interest and or penalties related to income tax matters in income
tax expense. In addition to the balance of unrecognized tax benefits in the above table, we have
accrued related interest of $0.0 million and $0.2 million as of December 31, 2009 and 2008,
respectively.
Additionally in 2009, the company reversed into income $0.2 million of interest expense associated with
uncertain tax positions. The accrued interest was not included in the reserve balances listed
above.
The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to United States federal income tax, foreign
income and withholding taxes, and income taxes from multiple state jurisdictions. The majority of
our federal and state tax returns from 1990 through 2006 are currently open and will not close
until the respective statutes of limitations have expired. The statutes of limitations generally
expire three years following the filing of the return or in some cases three years following the
utilization or expiration of net operating loss carry forwards. The statute of limitations
applicable to our open federal returns will expire between the current year and 2012.
Currently the Company is under audit by the State of New York for tax years 2002 to 2005. The
State is indicating the Company should have reported the prior year returns (and 2006 return) as a
combined report instead of separate entity as the Company had filed. The Company has reviewed the
findings of the State and believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will
successfully sustain its separate company reporting and thus has not accrued any tax, interest or
penalty exposure under the accounting for uncertain income tax position guidance.
Foreign Taxes
We pay foreign source withholding taxes on patent license royalties and state taxes when
applicable. We apply foreign source withholding tax payments against our United States federal
income tax obligations to the extent we have foreign source income to support these credits. In
2009, 2008, and 2007, we paid $40.9 million, $15.7 million, and $15.8 million in foreign source
withholding taxes, respectively, and applied these payments as credits against our United States
federal tax obligation. At December 31, 2009, we accrued $33.8 million of foreign source
withholding taxes payable associated with expected royalty payments
from licensees and recorded
corresponding deferred tax assets related to the expected foreign tax credits that will result from
these payments.
Between 1999 and 2005 we paid approximately $29.3 million of foreign taxes. During this period
we were in a net operating loss position for U.S. federal income tax purposes and elected to deduct
these foreign tax payments as expenses on our United States federal income tax returns rather than
take them as foreign tax credits. We elected this strategy because: a) we had no United States cash
tax obligations at the time and b) net operating losses can be carried forward significantly longer
than foreign tax credits. We utilized most of our net operating losses in 2006 and began to
generate United States cash tax obligations. At that time, we began to treat our foreign tax
payments as foreign tax credits on our United States federal income tax return.
During fourth quarter 2009, we completed a study to assess the Companys ability to utilize
foreign tax credit carryovers into the tax year 2006. As a result of the study, we are currently
planning to amend our United States federal income tax returns for the periods 1999 2005 to
reclaim the foreign tax payments we made during those periods from
deductions to foreign tax
credits. We have established a basis to support
amending the returns and estimate that the maximum incremental benefit will be approximately $19.1
million. We recorded a net benefit of $16.4 million after establishing a $2.7 million reserve for
related tax contingencies. The process to amend these returns is
complicated,
79
involving tax treaty proceedings including both U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions. It is possible
that at the conclusion of this process the $16.4 million benefit we recognized may not be realized
in full or in part or that we may realize the maximum benefit of $19.1 million.
Between
2006 and 2009, we paid approximately $101.1 million in foreign taxes for which we have
claimed foreign tax credits against our U.S. tax obligations. It is possible that as a result of
tax treaty procedures, the U.S. government may reach an agreement with the related foreign
governments that will result in a partial refund of foreign taxes paid with a related reduction in
our foreign tax credits. Due to both foreign currency fluctuations and differences in the interest
rate charged by the U.S. government compared to the interest rates, if any, used by the foreign
governments, any such agreement could result in interest expense and/or foreign currency gain or
loss.
14. EQUITY TRANSACTIONS
Repurchase of Common Stock
In 2006, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $350.0 million of our
outstanding common stock (the 2006 Repurchase Program). In October 2007, our Board of Directors
authorized a $100.0 million share repurchase program (the 2007 Repurchase Program). In March
2009, our Board of Directors authorized another $100.0 million share repurchase program (the 2009
Repurchase Program). The Company could repurchase shares under the programs through open market
purchases, pre-arranged trading plans or privately negotiated purchases.
We completed the 2006 Repurchase Program in first half 2007, under which we repurchased a
cumulative total of 11.3 million shares of common stock for $350.0 million, including 4.8 million
shares of common stock for $157.6 million repurchased during 2007. Under the 2007 Repurchase
Program, we repurchased approximately 1.0 million shares of common stock for $18.5 million in 2007.
During 2008 we completed the 2007 Repurchase Program, under which we repurchased a cumulative total
of 4.8 million shares for $100.0 million, including 3.8 million shares we repurchased for $81.5
million in 2008. During 2009, we repurchased approximately 1.0 million shares for $25.0 million
under the 2009 Repurchase Program.
From
January 1, 2010 through February 26, 2010, no repurchases were made under the 2009
Repurchase Program.
Common Stock Warrants
As of December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008 we had no warrants outstanding.
15. SELECTED QUARTERLY RESULTS (Unaudited)
The table below presents quarterly data for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008:
80
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in thousands, except per share amounts, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
unaudited) |
|
First |
|
|
Second |
|
|
Third |
|
|
Fourth |
|
2009: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
|
$ |
70,561 |
|
|
$ |
74,928 |
|
|
$ |
75,486 |
|
|
$ |
76,429 |
|
Net (loss) income applicable to common shareholders (a) |
|
$ |
(8,686 |
) |
|
$ |
26,445 |
|
|
$ |
30,621 |
|
|
$ |
38,876 |
|
Net (loss) income per common share basic (d) |
|
$ |
(0.20 |
) |
|
$ |
0.60 |
|
|
$ |
0.70 |
|
|
$ |
0.89 |
|
Net (loss) income per common share diluted
(d) |
|
$ |
(0.20 |
) |
|
$ |
0.59 |
|
|
$ |
0.69 |
|
|
$ |
0.88 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues (b) |
|
$ |
56,027 |
|
|
$ |
58,706 |
|
|
$ |
55,059 |
|
|
$ |
58,677 |
|
Net income applicable to common shareholders (c) |
|
$ |
7,317 |
|
|
$ |
5,852 |
|
|
$ |
9,209 |
|
|
$ |
3,829 |
|
Net income per common share basic (d) |
|
$ |
0.16 |
|
|
$ |
0.13 |
|
|
$ |
0.21 |
|
|
$ |
0.09 |
|
Net income per common share diluted (d) |
|
$ |
0.15 |
|
|
$ |
0.13 |
|
|
$ |
0.20 |
|
|
$ |
0.09 |
|
|
|
|
(a) |
|
In 2009, our income from operations included charges of $38.6 million associated with
actions to reposition the Companys operations. In fourth quarter 2009, our income tax provision included a
benefit of approximately $16.4 million, primarily related to the fourth quarter recognition of
foreign tax credits related to our 1999 2005 recognized revenue from our Japanese licensees. |
|
(b) |
|
During fourth quarter 2008, the company recognized $6.4 million of non-recurring revenue
associated with a non-refundable prepayment, made in a prior period, by a licensee who has exited
the handset business. |
|
(c) |
|
During first quarter 2008, the company recognized, on a pre-tax basis, a $6.9 million insurance
reimbursement for portions of our defense costs in certain litigation with Nokia and a $1.2 million
reduction in contingent liabilities associated with our U.K. II litigation. During third quarter
2008, the company recognized, on a pre-tax $2.7 million reduction in contingent liabilities also
associated with our U.K. II litigation. During fourth quarter 2008, the company recognized, on a
pre-tax basis, a $3.0 million charge to establish a reserve for uncollectable accounts and $9.4
million charge to adjust the accrual rate on its LTCP. |
|
(d) |
|
We adopted the guidance related to the determination as to whether instruments granted in
share-based payment transactions are participating securities. We
have restated all prior periods in
accordance with the Standard. See Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial
Statements for a further discussion on the adoption of this guidance. |
|
|
|
Item 9. |
|
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
None.
Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Companys Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, with the assistance of
other members of management, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and
procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934)
as of December 31, 2009. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in their design
to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within
the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms and to ensure that the information required
to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities and Exchange Act
of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer
and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required
disclosure.
Managements Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over
financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934. The Companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America. Internal control over financial reporting includes those
policies and procedures that:
81
|
|
Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable
detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and
dispositions of the assets of the Company; |
|
|
|
Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded
as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements
in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted
in the United States of America, and that receipts and
expenditures of the Company are being made only in
accordance with authorization of management and directors
of the Company; and |
|
|
|
Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition
of the Companys assets that could have a material effect
on the consolidated financial statements. |
Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009. Management
based this assessment on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described
in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of
the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management determined that, as of December 31,
2009, the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting at a reasonable
assurance level.
The effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting as of December
31, 2009 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public
accounting firm, as stated in their report that appears under Item 8 in this Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during fourth quarter
2009 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal
control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information
following the captions Election of Director, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, Section 16(a) Beneficial
Ownership Reporting Compliance, Code of Ethics, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
and Audit Committee in the definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A in
connection with our 2010 annual meeting of shareholders (Proxy Statement).
Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information
following the captions EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION, DIRECTOR COMPENSATION, Compensation Committee
Interlocks and Insider Participation and Compensation Committee Report in the Proxy Statement.
Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information
following the captions EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION and SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN
BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT in the Proxy Statement.
Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information
following the captions CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS and Director Independence
in the Proxy Statement.
Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information
following the captions Fees Paid to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and Audit
Committee Pre-Approval Policy for Audit and Non-Audit Services of Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm in the Proxy Statement.
PART IV
82
Valuation Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets
Item 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) The following documents are filed as a part of this Form 10-K:
|
(1) |
|
Financial Statements. |
|
|
|
|
The information required by this item begins on Page 50. |
|
|
(2) |
|
Financial Statement Schedules. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at Beginning |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of Period |
|
|
Additions |
|
|
Deductions |
|
|
Balance at End of Period |
|
Valuation Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
$ |
65,295 |
|
|
$ |
1,659 |
(d) |
|
$ |
(4,474 |
)(e) |
|
$ |
62,480 |
|
2008 |
|
$ |
42,456 |
|
|
$ |
23,082 |
(a) |
|
$ |
(243 |
) |
|
$ |
65,295 |
|
2007 |
|
$ |
34,110 |
|
|
$ |
8,346 |
(a) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
42,456 |
|
|
Reserve for
Uncollectible Accounts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
$ |
3,000 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
(1,500 |
)(c) |
|
$ |
1,500 |
|
2008 |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
3,000 |
(b) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
3,000 |
|
2007 |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
(a) |
|
The increase was necessary to maintain a full, or near
full, valuation allowance against our state deferred tax
assets and did not result in additional tax expense. |
|
(b) |
|
The increase relates to the establishment of reserves against
an account receivable associated with our SlimChip modem
IP. |
|
(c) |
|
The decrease relates to the receipt of a payment
against an account receivable associated with our SlimChip
modem IP. |
|
(d) |
|
The increase was necessary to expense the tax benefit from
capital losses incurred that are not expected to be utilized in the
future. |
|
(e) |
|
The decrease was a reclassification to reduce the valuation
allowance and the deferred tax assets for temporary differences in
book and tax.
|
83
(3) Exhibits.
See Item 15(b) below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
(b) |
|
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
|
|
|
*2.1 |
|
|
Plan of Reorganization by and among InterDigital Communications Corporation, InterDigital, Inc.
and ID Merger Company dated July 2, 2007 (Exhibit 2.1 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q dated August 9, 2007). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*2.2 |
|
|
Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among InterDigital Communications Corporation, InterDigital,
Inc. and ID Merger Company dated July 2, 2007 (Exhibit 2.2 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q dated August 9, 2007). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*3.1 |
|
|
Articles of Incorporation of InterDigital, Inc. (Exhibit 3.1 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q dated August 9, 2007). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*3.2 |
|
|
Bylaws of InterDigital, Inc. (Exhibit 3.1 to InterDigitals Current Report on Form 8-K dated
December 24, 2008). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*4.1 |
|
|
Rights Agreement between InterDigital, Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Co., dated July 2,
2007. (Exhibit 4.1 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 9, 2007). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Technology-Related Contracts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.1 |
|
|
The TDD Development Agreement between and among InterDigital, ITC and Nokia (Exhibit 10.55 to
InterDigitals Current Report on Form 8-K/A dated July 2, 2003). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.2 |
|
|
Amendment No. 1 to the TDD Development Agreement dated September 30, 2001 between and among
InterDigital, ITC and Nokia (Exhibit 10.56 to InterDigitals Current Report on Form 8-K/A dated
July 2, 2003). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.3 |
|
|
Amendment to the Patent License Agreement of May 8, 1995 between ITC and NEC (Exhibit 10.52 to
InterDigitals Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 21, 2003). (Confidential treatment has
been requested for portions of this agreement.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.4 |
|
|
PHS and PDC Subscriber Unit Patent License Agreement dated March 19, 1998 between ITC and Sharp
Corporation of Japan (Sharp) (Exhibit 10.57 to InterDigitals Current Report on Form 8-K dated
February 21, 2003). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.5 |
|
|
Amendment No. 1 dated March 23, 2000 and Amendment No. 2 dated May 30, 2003 to PHS and PDC
Subscriber Unit Patent License Agreement dated March 19, 1998 between ITC and Sharp (Exhibit 10.58
to InterDigitals Amendment No. 1 to Current Report on Form 8-K/A dated July 2, 2003). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.6 |
|
|
Narrowband CDMA and Third Generation Patent License Agreement dated January 15, 2002 between ITC
and NEC (Exhibit 10.53 to InterDigitals Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 21, 2003).
(Confidential treatment has been requested for portions of this agreement.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.7 |
|
|
Settlement Agreement dated January 15, 2002 between ITC and NEC (Exhibit 10.54 to InterDigitals
Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 21, 2003). (Confidential treatment has been requested
for portions of this agreement.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.8 |
|
|
Amendment to Patent License Agreement effective January 1, 2007, by and between ITC and NEC
Corporation (Exhibit 10.92 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 9, 2007).
(Confidential treatment has been requested for portions of this agreement.) |
84
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
(b) |
|
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
|
|
|
*10.9 |
|
|
Wireless Patent License Agreement by and between InterDigital Group and LG Electronics, Inc. dated
January 1, 2006 (Exhibit 10.82 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated May 10,
2006). (Confidential treatment has been requested for portions of this agreement.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.10 |
|
|
Arbitration Settlement Agreement by and between InterDigital Communications Corporation,
InterDigital Technology Corporation and Nokia Corporation dated April 26, 2006 (Exhibit 10.83 to
InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 7, 2006). (Confidential treatment has
been requested for portions of this agreement.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.11 |
|
|
Patent License and Settlement Agreement by and between InterDigital Technology Corporation,
Tantivy Communications, Inc., IP Licensing, Inc. and InterDigital Patent Holdings, Inc. and
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. effective as of November 24, 2008 (Exhibit 10.18 to InterDigitals
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008). (Confidential treatment has been
requested for portions of this agreement.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real Estate Leases |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.12 |
|
|
Agreement of Lease dated November 25, 1996 by and between InterDigital and Were Associates
Company (Exhibit 10.42 to InterDigitals Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December
31, 2000). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.13 |
|
|
Third Modification to Lease Agreement effective June 1, 2006 by and between InterDigital and
Huntington Quadrangle 2 (successor to Were Associates Company). (Exhibit 10.18 to InterDigitals
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefit Plans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.14 |
|
|
Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan, as amended (Exhibit 10.4 to InterDigitals Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 1991). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.15 |
|
|
Amendment to Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan (Exhibit 10.31 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q dated August 14, 2000). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.16 |
|
|
Amendment to Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan, effective October 24, 2001 (Exhibit 10.6 to
InterDigitals Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.17 |
|
|
1992 Employee Stock Option Plan (Exhibit 10.71 to InterDigitals Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 1992). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.18 |
|
|
Amendment to 1992 Employee Stock Option Plan (Exhibit 10.29 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q dated August 14, 2000). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.19 |
|
|
Amendment to 1992 Employee Stock Option Plan, effective October 24, 2001 (Exhibit 10.11 to
InterDigitals Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.20 |
|
|
1995 Stock Option Plan for Employees and Outside Directors, as amended (Exhibit 10.7 to
InterDigitals Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.21 |
|
|
Amendment to the 1995 Stock Option Plan for Employees and Outside Directors (Exhibit 10.25 to
InterDigitals Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.22 |
|
|
Amendment to 1995 Stock Option Plan for Employees and Outside Directors (Exhibit 10.33 to
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 14, 2000). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.23 |
|
|
Amendment to 1995 Stock Option Plan for Employees and Outside Directors, effective October 24,
2001 (Exhibit 10.15 to InterDigitals Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2001). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.24 |
|
|
1997 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors (Exhibit 10.34 to InterDigitals Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1997). |
85
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
(b) |
|
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
|
|
|
*10.25 |
|
|
Amendment to 1997 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors (Exhibit 10.34 to InterDigitals
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 14, 2000). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.26 |
|
|
1997 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors, as amended March 30, 2000 (Exhibit 10.42 to
InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 14, 2000). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.27 |
|
|
Amendment to 1997 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors, effective October 24, 2001
(Exhibit 10.19 to InterDigitals Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.28 |
|
|
1999 Restricted Stock Plan, as amended April 13, 2000 (Exhibit 10.43 to InterDigitals Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q dated August 14, 2000). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.29 |
|
|
1999 Restricted Stock Plan, Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement [Awarded to Independent
Directors Upon Re-Election] (Exhibit 10.62 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated
November 9, 2004). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.30 |
|
|
1999 Restricted Stock Plan, Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement [Annual Award to Independent
Directors] (Exhibit 10.63 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated November 9, 2004). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.31 |
|
|
1999 Restricted Stock Plan, Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement [Periodically Awarded to
Members of the Board of Directors] (Exhibit 10.64 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
dated November 9, 2004). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.32 |
|
|
1999 Restricted Stock Plan, Form of Restricted Stock Agreement [Awarded to Executives and
Management as Part of Annual Bonus] (Exhibit 10.65 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
dated November 9, 2004). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.33 |
|
|
1999 Restricted Stock Plan, Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement [Awarded to Independent
Directors Upon Re-Election] (Exhibit 10.62 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated
August 9, 2005). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.34 |
|
|
1999 Restricted Stock Plan, Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement [Annual Award to Independent
Directors] (Exhibit 10.63 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 9, 2005). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.35 |
|
|
1999 Restricted Stock Plan, Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Exhibit 10.86 to
InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated November 9, 2006). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.36 |
|
|
1999 Restricted Stock Plan, Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, as amended December 14,
2006 (Exhibit 10.58 to Inter Digitals Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2006). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.37 |
|
|
2000 Stock Award and Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.28 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
dated August 14, 2000). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.38 |
|
|
2000 Stock Award and Incentive Plan, as amended June 1, 2005 (Exhibit 10.74 to InterDigitals
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 9, 2005). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.39 |
|
|
2000 Stock Award and Incentive Plan, Form of Option Agreement [Director Awards] (Exhibit 10.66 to
InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated November 9, 2004). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.40 |
|
|
2000 Stock Award and Incentive Plan, Form of Option Agreement [Executive Awards] (Exhibit 10.67 to
InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated November 9, 2004). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.41 |
|
|
2000 Stock Award and Incentive Plan, Form of Option Agreement [Inventor Awards] (Exhibit 10.68 to
InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated November 9, 2004). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.42 |
|
|
2002 Stock Award and Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.50 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
dated May 15, 2002). |
86
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
(b) |
|
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
|
|
|
*10.43 |
|
|
2002 Stock Award and Incentive Plan, as amended through June 4, 2003 (Exhibit 10.52 to
InterDigitals Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.44 |
|
|
2002 Stock Award and Incentive Plan, as amended June 1, 2005 (Exhibit 10.87 to InterDigitals
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated November 9, 2006). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.45 |
|
|
2002 Stock Award and Incentive Plan, Form of Option Agreement [Inventor Awards] (Exhibit 10.69 to
InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated November 9, 2004). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.46 |
|
|
2009 Stock Incentive Plan (Exhibit 99.1 to InterDigitals Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed
with the SEC on June 4, 2009). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.47 |
|
|
2009 Stock Incentive Plan, Term Sheet for Restricted Stock Units (Discretionary Award) (Exhibit
10.2 to InterDigitals Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 9, 2009). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.48 |
|
|
2009 Stock Incentive Plan, Standard Terms and Conditions for Restricted Stock Units (Discretionary
Award) (Exhibit 10.3 to InterDigitals Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 9, 2009). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.49 |
|
|
2009 Stock Incentive Plan, Term Sheet for Restricted Stock Units (Nonemployee Directors Annual
Award) (Exhibit 10.4 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated July 30, 2009). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.50 |
|
|
2009 Stock Incentive Plan, Term Sheet for Restricted Stock Units (Nonemployee Directors
Election Award) (Exhibit 10.5 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated July 30,
2009). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.51 |
|
|
2009 Stock Incentive Plan, Standard Terms and Conditions for Restricted Stock Units (Nonemployee
Directors) (Exhibit 10.6 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated July 30, 2009). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.52 |
|
|
2009 Stock Incentive Plan, Term Sheet for Restricted Stock (Supplemental Award) (Exhibit 10.1 to
InterDigitals Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 22, 2010). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.53 |
|
|
2009 Stock Incentive Plan, Standard Terms and Conditions for Restricted Stock (Supplemental Award)
(Exhibit 10.2 to InterDigitals Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 22, 2010). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.54 |
|
|
Annual Employee Bonus Plan, as amended December 15, 2006 (Exhibit 10.57 to Inter Digitals Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.55 |
|
|
Annual Employee Bonus Plan, as amended June 2009 (Exhibit 10.2 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report
on Form 10-Q dated July 30, 2009). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.56 |
|
|
Annual Employee Bonus Plan, as amended September 2009 (Exhibit 10.1 to InterDigitals Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q dated November 2, 2009). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.57 |
|
|
Annual Employee Bonus Plan, as amended December 31, 2009 (filed herewith). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.58 |
|
|
Long-Term Compensation Program, as amended December 2004 (Exhibit 10.55 to InterDigitals Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.59 |
|
|
Long-Term Compensation Program, as amended April 2005 (Exhibit 10.70 to InterDigitals Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q dated May 9, 2005). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.60 |
|
|
Long-Term Compensation Program, as amended June 2005 (Exhibit 10.70 to InterDigitals Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q dated August 9, 2005). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.61 |
|
|
Long-Term Compensation Program, as amended September 2008 (Exhibit 10.1 to InterDigitals
Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q dated November 4, 2008). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.62 |
|
|
Long-Term Compensation Program, as amended June 2009 (Exhibit 10.1 to InterDigitals Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q dated July 30, 2009). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.63 |
|
|
Long-Term Compensation Program, as amended December 2009 (filed herewith). |
87
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
(b) |
|
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
|
|
|
*10.64 |
|
|
Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement with Harry G. Campagna dated February 4, 2005 (Exhibit 10.73
to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated May 9, 2005). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.65 |
|
|
Compensation Program for Outside Directors, as amended January 2006 (Incorporated from Item 1.01
of InterDigitals Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 18, 2006). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.66 |
|
|
Compensation Program for Outside Directors, as amended June 2009 (Exhibit 10.3 to InterDigitals
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated July 30, 2009). |
|
|
|
|
*10.67 |
|
|
Compensation Program for Outside
Directors, as amended January 2010 (filed herewith).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employment-Related Agreements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.68 |
|
|
Indemnity Agreement dated as of March 19, 2003 by and between the Company and Howard E. Goldberg
(pursuant to Instruction 2 to Item 601 of Regulation S-K, the Indemnity Agreements, which are
substantially identical in all material respects, except as to the parties thereto and the dates,
between the Company and the following individuals, were not filed: Steven T. Clontz, Edward B.
Kamins, John A. Kritzmacher, Mark A. Lemmo, Scott A. McQuilkin, William J. Merritt, William C.
Miller, Robert S. Roath and Lawrence F. Shay) (Exhibit 10.47 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q dated May 15, 2003). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.69 |
|
|
Employment Agreement dated May 7, 1997 by and between InterDigital and Mark A. Lemmo (Exhibit
10.32 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1997). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.70 |
|
|
Amendment dated as of April 6, 2000 by and between InterDigital and Mark A. Lemmo (Exhibit 10.37
to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 14, 2000). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.71 |
|
|
Employment Agreement dated as of November 12, 2001 by and between InterDigital and Lawrence F.
Shay (Exhibit 10.38 to InterDigitals Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2001). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.72 |
|
|
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated May 16, 2005, by and between William J. Merritt
and InterDigital (Exhibit 10.1 to InterDigitals Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 16, 2005). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.73 |
|
|
Amendment and Assignment of Employment Agreement dated as of July 2, 2007 by and among
InterDigital Communications Corporation, InterDigital, Inc. and Bruce G. Bernstein (pursuant to
Instruction 2 to Item 601 of Regulation S-K, the Amendment and Assignment of Employment Agreements
dated as of July 2, 2007 which are substantially identical in all material respects, except as to
the parties thereto, between InterDigital Communications Corporation, InterDigital, Inc. and the
following individuals, were not filed: William J. Merritt, William C. Miller, Mark A. Lemmo and
Lawrence F. Shay, respectively) (Exhibit 10.89 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
dated August 9, 2007). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.74 |
|
|
Assignment and Assumption of Indemnity Agreement dated as of July 2, 2007, by and InterDigital
Communications Corporation, InterDigital, Inc. and Bruce G. Bernstein (pursuant to Instruction 2
to Item 601 of Regulation S-K, the Indemnity Agreements, which are substantially identical in all
material respects, except as to the parties thereto, between InterDigital Communications
Corporation, InterDigital, Inc. and the following individuals, were not filed: Steven T. Clontz,
Edward B. Kamins, Mark A. Lemmo, William J. Merritt, William C. Miller, Robert S. Roath and
Lawrence F. Shay) (Exhibit 10.90 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 9,
2007). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.75 |
|
|
Employment Agreement dated July 9, 2007 by and between InterDigital, Inc. and Scott A. McQuilkin
(Exhibit 10.91 to InterDigitals Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated August 9, 2007). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*10.76 |
|
|
Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of November 17, 2008 by and
between InterDigital, Inc. and William J. Merritt (pursuant to Instruction 2 to Item 601 of
Regulation S-K, the Amendments to Employment Agreement dated as of November 17, 2008, which are
substantially identical in all material respects, except as to the parties thereto, by and between
InterDigital, Inc. and the following individuals, were not filed: Mark A. Lemmo, Scott A.
McQuilkin, William C. Miller and Lawrence F. Shay) (Exhibit 10.70 to InterDigitals Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008). |
88
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
(b) |
|
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
Subsidiaries of InterDigital. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23.1 |
|
|
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31.1 |
|
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31.2 |
|
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32.1 |
|
|
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for William J. Merritt. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32.2 |
|
|
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for Scott A. McQuilkin. |
|
|
|
* |
|
Incorporated by reference to the previous filing indicated.
|
|
|
|
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. |
(c) None.
89
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly authorized.
|
|
|
|
|
|
INTERDIGITAL, INC.
|
|
Date: February 26, 2010 |
By: |
/s/ William J. Merritt
|
|
|
|
William J. Merritt |
|
|
|
President and Chief Executive Officer |
|
|
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been
signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the
dates indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date: February 26, 2010 |
/s/ Steven T. Clontz
|
|
|
Steven T. Clontz, Chairman of the Board of Directors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date: February 26, 2010 |
/s/ Edward B. Kamins |
|
|
Edward B. Kamins, Director |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date: February 26, 2010 |
/s/ John A. Kritzmacher |
|
|
John A. Kritzmacher, Director |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date: February 26, 2010 |
/s/ Robert S. Roath |
|
|
Robert S. Roath, Director |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date: February 26, 2010 |
/s/ William J. Merritt |
|
|
William J. Merritt, Director, President and Chief Executive Officer |
|
|
(Principal Executive Officer) |
|
|
|
|
|
Date: February 26, 2010 |
/s/ Scott A. McQuilkin
|
|
|
Scott A. McQuilkin, Chief Financial Officer |
|
|
(Principal Financial Officer) |
|
|
|
|
|
Date: February 26, 2010 |
/s/ Richard J. Brezski |
|
|
Richard J. Brezski, Chief Accounting Officer |
|
|
|
|
|
90