Form 10-Q
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
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þ |
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2011
OR
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o |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to .
Commission file number: 1-32381
HERBALIFE LTD.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Cayman Islands
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98-0377871 |
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
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(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.) |
P.O. Box 309GT
Ugland House, South Church Street
Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
(213) 745-0500
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed
by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or
for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its
corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted
pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months
(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes
þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated
filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large
accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the
Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated filer þ
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Accelerated filer o
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Non-accelerated filer o
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Smaller reporting company o |
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(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of
the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
Number
of shares of registrants common shares outstanding as of
April 27, 2011 was 59,618,612
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
HERBALIFE LTD.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
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March 31, |
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December 31, |
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2011 |
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2010 |
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(In thousands, except share amounts) |
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ASSETS |
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CURRENT ASSETS: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
260,766 |
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$ |
190,550 |
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Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,895
(2011) and $3,202 (2010) |
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107,893 |
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85,612 |
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Inventories |
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184,321 |
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182,467 |
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Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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110,400 |
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93,963 |
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Deferred income taxes |
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42,355 |
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42,994 |
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Total current assets |
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705,735 |
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595,586 |
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Property, at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and
amortization of $185,928 (2011) and $166,912 (2010) |
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187,733 |
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177,427 |
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Deferred compensation plan assets |
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18,732 |
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18,536 |
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Deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization of
$65 (2011) and $2,279 (2010) |
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5,451 |
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998 |
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Other assets |
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26,639 |
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25,880 |
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Marketing related intangibles and other intangible assets, net |
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310,815 |
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310,894 |
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Goodwill |
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102,899 |
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102,899 |
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Total assets |
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$ |
1,358,004 |
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$ |
1,232,220 |
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LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
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CURRENT LIABILITIES: |
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Accounts payable |
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$ |
53,725 |
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$ |
43,784 |
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Royalty overrides |
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173,076 |
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162,141 |
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Accrued compensation |
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52,540 |
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69,376 |
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Accrued expenses |
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138,523 |
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141,867 |
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Current portion of long-term debt |
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1,753 |
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3,120 |
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Advance sales deposits |
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56,928 |
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35,145 |
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Income taxes payable |
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18,340 |
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15,383 |
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Total current liabilities |
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494,885 |
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470,816 |
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NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES: |
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Long-term debt, net of current portion |
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181,188 |
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175,046 |
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Deferred compensation plan liability |
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23,197 |
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20,167 |
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Deferred income taxes |
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55,220 |
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55,572 |
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Other non-current liabilities |
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23,216 |
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23,407 |
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Total liabilities |
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777,706 |
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745,008 |
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CONTINGENCIES |
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SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY: |
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Common shares, $0.002 par value, 500.0 million shares
authorized, 59.4 million (2011) and 58.9 million (2010)
shares outstanding |
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119 |
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118 |
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Paid-in-capital in excess of par value |
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262,617 |
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257,375 |
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Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
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(12,074 |
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(27,285 |
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Retained earnings |
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329,636 |
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257,004 |
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Total shareholders equity |
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580,298 |
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487,212 |
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Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
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$ |
1,358,004 |
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$ |
1,232,220 |
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See the accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
HERBALIFE LTD.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
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Three Months Ended |
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March 31, |
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March 31, |
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2011 |
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2010 |
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(In thousands, except per share) |
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Product sales |
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$ |
676,789 |
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$ |
527,222 |
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Shipping & handling revenues |
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118,307 |
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91,411 |
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Net sales |
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795,096 |
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618,633 |
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Cost of sales |
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162,793 |
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140,472 |
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Gross profit |
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632,303 |
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478,161 |
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Royalty overrides |
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264,377 |
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207,319 |
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Selling, general & administrative expenses |
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244,526 |
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206,883 |
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Operating income |
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123,400 |
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63,959 |
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Interest expense, net |
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2,648 |
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1,953 |
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Income before income taxes |
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120,752 |
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62,006 |
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Income taxes |
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33,184 |
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10,135 |
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NET INCOME |
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$ |
87,568 |
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$ |
51,871 |
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Earnings per share: |
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Basic |
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$ |
1.48 |
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$ |
0.86 |
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Diluted |
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$ |
1.41 |
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$ |
0.83 |
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Weighted average shares outstanding: |
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Basic |
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59,103 |
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60,160 |
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Diluted |
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61,908 |
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62,672 |
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Dividends declared per share |
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$ |
0.25 |
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$ |
0.20 |
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See the accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
HERBALIFE LTD.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
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Three Months Ended |
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March 31, |
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March 31, |
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2011 |
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2010 |
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(In thousands) |
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CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |
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Net income |
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$ |
87,568 |
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$ |
51,871 |
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Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |
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Depreciation and amortization |
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18,562 |
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17,262 |
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(Excess) Deficiency in tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements |
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(6,794 |
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(2,606 |
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Share-based compensation expenses |
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5,604 |
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5,295 |
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Amortization of discount and deferred financing costs |
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149 |
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124 |
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Deferred income taxes |
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921 |
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(13,671 |
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Unrealized foreign exchange transaction (gain) loss |
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1,383 |
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(2,608 |
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Write-off of deferred financing costs |
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914 |
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Foreign exchange loss from adoption of highly inflationary accounting in Venezuela |
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15,131 |
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Other |
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751 |
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1,078 |
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Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
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Receivables |
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(20,493 |
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(12,048 |
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Inventories |
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4,184 |
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474 |
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Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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(13,582 |
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(4,357 |
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Other assets |
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(251 |
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(71 |
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Accounts payable |
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8,861 |
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19,311 |
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Royalty overrides |
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7,340 |
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(7,081 |
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Accrued expenses and accrued compensation |
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(21,122 |
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(14,022 |
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Advance sales deposits |
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20,998 |
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26,741 |
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Income taxes payable |
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9,494 |
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5,566 |
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Deferred compensation plan liability |
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3,030 |
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1,044 |
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NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES |
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107,517 |
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87,433 |
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CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |
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Purchases of property |
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(28,325 |
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(11,623 |
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Proceeds from sale of property |
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2 |
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3 |
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Deferred compensation plan assets |
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(197 |
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(79 |
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NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES |
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(28,520 |
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(11,699 |
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CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |
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Dividends paid |
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(14,819 |
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(12,065 |
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Borrowings from long-term debt |
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289,700 |
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102,000 |
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Principal payments on long-term debt |
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(284,924 |
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(104,951 |
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Deferred financing costs |
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(5,516 |
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Share repurchases |
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(8,965 |
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(28,010 |
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Excess (Deficiency in) tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements |
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6,794 |
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2,606 |
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Proceeds from exercise of stock options and sale of stock under employee stock purchase plan |
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1,689 |
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1,888 |
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NET CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES |
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(16,041 |
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(38,532 |
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EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH |
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7,260 |
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(22,732 |
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NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS |
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70,216 |
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14,470 |
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CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD |
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190,550 |
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150,801 |
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CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD |
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$ |
260,766 |
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$ |
165,271 |
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CASH PAID DURING THE PERIOD |
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Interest paid |
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$ |
2,093 |
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$ |
2,691 |
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Income taxes paid |
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$ |
21,874 |
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$ |
13,430 |
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See the accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
HERBALIFE LTD.
NOTES
TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Organization
Herbalife Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempt limited liability company, or Herbalife, was
incorporated on April 4, 2002. Herbalife Ltd. (and together with its subsidiaries, the Company)
is a leading global network marketing company that sells weight management, nutritional
supplements, energy, sports & fitness products and personal care products through a network of
approximately 2.3 million independent distributors, except in China, where the Company currently
sells its products through retail stores, sales representatives, sales employees and licensed
business providers. The Company reports revenue in six geographic regions: North America, which
consists of the U.S., Canada and Jamaica; Mexico; South and Central America; EMEA, which consists
of Europe, the Middle East and Africa; Asia Pacific (excluding China) which consists of Asia, New
Zealand and Australia; and China.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited interim financial information of the Company has been prepared in accordance
with Article 10 of the Securities and Exchange Commissions, or the SEC, Regulation S-X.
Accordingly, it does not include all of the information required by generally accepted accounting
principles in the U.S., or U.S. GAAP, for complete financial
statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31,
2010 was derived from the audited financial statements at that date
and does not include all the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The Companys unaudited
condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2011, and for the three months ended March 31,
2011 and 2010, include Herbalife and all of its direct and indirect subsidiaries. In the opinion of
management, the accompanying financial information contains all adjustments, consisting of normal
recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the Companys
unaudited condensed consolidated financial
statements as of March 31, 2011, and for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010. These
unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Companys Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, or the 2010 10-K. Operating results for
the three months ended March 31, 2011, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be
expected for the year ending December 31, 2011.
Venezuela
In February 2011, Herbalife Venezuela purchased U.S. dollar denominated bonds with a face
value of $20 million U.S. dollars in a bond offering from Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A., a
Venezuelan state-owned petroleum company, for 86 million Bolivars and then immediately sold the
bonds for $15 million U.S. dollars, resulting in an average effective conversion rate of 5.7
Bolivars per U.S. dollar. The 86 million Bolivars were previously remeasured at the regulated
system rate, or SITME rate, of 5.3 Bolivars per U.S. dollar and recorded as cash and cash
equivalents of $16.3 million on the Companys consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2010.
This Bolivar to U.S. dollar conversion resulted in the Company recording a net pre-tax loss of $1.3
million U.S. dollars in its condensed consolidated statement of income for the three months ended March 31,
2011.
As of March 31, 2011, Herbalife Venezuelas net monetary Bolivar denominated assets and
liabilities was approximately $9.0 million, and included approximately $13.1 million in Bolivar
denominated cash and cash equivalents and approximately $4.8 million in U.S. dollar denominated
cash. The majority of these Bolivar denominated assets and liabilities were remeasured at the
SITME rate. Although Venezuela is an important market in the Companys South and Central
America Region, Herbalife Venezuelas net sales represented less
than 2% of the
Companys consolidated net sales for both the three months ended
March 31, 2011 and 2010 and its total assets represented less than 3% of the Companys consolidated total assets
as of both March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
See the Companys 2010 10-K for further information on Herbalife Venezuela and Venezuelas
high inflationary economy.
6
3. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt consists of the following:
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March 31, |
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December 31, |
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2011 |
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2010 |
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(In millions) |
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Borrowings under the prior senior secured credit facility |
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$ |
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$ |
174.9 |
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Borrowings under the new senior secured revolving credit facility |
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180.0 |
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Capital leases |
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2.6 |
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2.9 |
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Other debt |
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0.3 |
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0.3 |
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Total |
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182.9 |
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178.1 |
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Less: current portion |
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1.7 |
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3.1 |
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Long-term portion |
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$ |
181.2 |
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$ |
175.0 |
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Interest expense was $3.3 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011
and 2010, respectively. Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2011 included a $0.9
million writeoff of unamortized deferred financing costs resulting from the extinguishment of the
prior senior secured facility as discussed below.
On March 9, 2011, the Company entered into a $700.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, or the New Credit Facility,
with a syndicate of financial institutions as lenders and terminated its prior senior secured credit facility, or the Prior Credit
Facility, that consisted of a term loan and a revolving credit facility. The New Credit Facility has a five year maturity and expires
on March 9, 2016. During March 2011, U.S. dollar borrowings under the New Credit Facility incurred interest at the base
rate plus a margin of 0.75% or LIBOR plus a margin of 1.75%. After
March 2011, based on the Companys consolidated leverage ratio, U.S.
dollar borrowings under the New Credit Facility will bear interest at either LIBOR plus the applicable margin between 1.50% and 2.50%
or the base rate plus the applicable margin between 0.50% and 1.50%. The Company, based on its consolidated leverage ratio, will pay
a commitment fee between 0.25% and 0.50% per annum on the unused portion of the New Credit Facility.
The New Credit Facility also permits the Company to borrow limited amounts in Mexican Peso and Euro currencies based on variable rates.
The base rate under the New Credit Facility represents the highest of the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, one-month LIBOR plus 1.00%, and
the prime rate offered by Bank of America.
In March 2011, the Company used $196.0 million in U.S. dollar
borrowings under the New Credit Facility to repay all amounts outstanding under the Prior Credit Facility. The Company incurred approximately $5.5 million of debt issuance
costs in connection with the New Credit Facility. These debt issuance costs were recorded as deferred financing costs on the
Companys condensed consolidated balance sheet and are being amortized over the term of the New Credit Facility.
On March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the weighted average interest rate for borrowings under the New Credit Facility and the
Prior Credit Facility was 1.99% and 1.75%, respectively.
The New Credit Facility requires the Company to comply with a leverage ratio and an interest
coverage ratio. In addition, the New Credit Facility contains customary covenants, including
covenants that limit or restrict the Companys ability to incur liens, incur indebtedness, make
investments, dispose of assets, make certain restricted payments, pay dividends, merge or
consolidate and enter into certain transactions with affiliates. As of March 31, 2011, the Company
was compliant with its debt covenants.
During the three months ended March 31, 2011, the Company borrowed $235.7 million and $54.0
million under the New Credit Facility and Prior Credit Facility, respectively, and paid a total of
$55.7 million and $228.9 million of the New Credit Facility and Prior Credit Facility,
respectively. As of March 31, 2011, the U.S. dollar amount outstanding under the New Credit
Facility was $180.0 million. As of December 31, 2010, the amounts outstanding under the Prior
Credit Facility, consisting of a term loan and revolving facility, were $143.9 million and $31.0
million, respectively. There were no outstanding foreign currency borrowings as of March 31, 2011
under the New Credit Facility.
4. Contingencies
The Company is from time to time engaged in routine litigation. The Company regularly reviews
all pending litigation matters in which it is involved and establishes reserves deemed appropriate
by management for these litigation matters when a probable loss estimate can be made.
As a marketer of dietary and nutritional supplements and other products that are ingested by
consumers or applied to their bodies, the Company has been and is currently subjected to various
product liability claims. The effects of these claims to date have not been material to the
Company, and the reasonably possible range of exposure on currently existing claims is not material
to the Company. The Company believes that it has meritorious defenses to the allegations contained
in the lawsuits. The Company currently maintains product liability insurance with an annual
deductible of $10 million.
7
On April 16, 2007, Herbalife International of America, Inc. filed a Complaint in the United
States District Court for the Central District of California against certain former Herbalife
distributors who had left the Company to join a competitor. The Complaint alleged breach of
contract, misappropriation of trade secrets, intentional interference with prospective economic
advantage, intentional interference with contract, unfair competition, constructive trust and fraud
and seeks monetary damages, attorneys fees and injunctive relief (Herbalife International of
America, Inc. v. Robert E. Ford, et al). The court entered a Preliminary Injunction against the
defendants enjoining them from further use and/or misappropriation of the Companys trade secrets
on December 11, 2007. Defendants appealed the courts entry of the Preliminary Injunction to the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. That court affirmed, in relevant part, the Preliminary
Injunction. On December 3, 2007, the defendants filed a counterclaim alleging that the Company had
engaged in unfair and deceptive business practices, intentional and negligent interference with
prospective economic advantage, false advertising and that the Company was an endless chain scheme
in violation of California law and seeking restitution, contract rescission and an injunction. Both
sides engaged in discovery and filed cross motions for Summary Judgment. On August 25, 2009, the
court granted partial summary judgment for Herbalife on all of defendants claims except the claim
that the Company is an endless chain scheme which under applicable law is a question of fact that
can only be determined at trial. The court denied defendants motion for Summary Judgment on
Herbalifes claims for misappropriation of trade secrets and breach of contract. On May 5, 2010,
the District Court granted summary judgment for Herbalife on defendants endless chain-scheme
counterclaim. Herbalife voluntarily dismissed its remaining claims, and on May 14, 2010, the
District Court issued a final judgment dismissing all of the parties claims. On June 10, 2010 the
defendants appealed from that judgment and on June 21, 2010, Herbalife cross-appealed. The parties
have reached a settlement of the case which they are in the process of documenting. Herbalife will incur no financial liability in this settlement.
Certain of the Companys subsidiaries have been subject to tax audits by governmental
authorities in their respective countries. In certain of these tax audits, governmental authorities
are proposing that significant amounts of additional taxes and related interest and penalties are
due. The Company and its tax advisors believe that there are substantial defenses to their
allegations that additional taxes are owed, and the Company is vigorously contesting the additional
proposed taxes and related charges. On May 7, 2010, the Company received an administrative
assessment from the Mexican Tax Administration Service in an amount equivalent to approximately $96
million, translated at the period ended spot rate, for various items, the majority of which was
Value Added Tax allegedly owed on certain of the Companys products imported into Mexico during the
years 2005 and 2006. This assessment is subject to interest and inflationary adjustments. On July
8, 2010, the Company initiated a formal administrative appeal process. In connection with the
appeal of the assessment, the Company may be required to post bonds for some or all of the assessed
amount. Therefore, in July 2010, the Company entered into agreements with certain insurance
companies to allow for the potential issuance of surety bonds in support of its appeal of the
assessment. Such surety bonds, if issued, would not affect the availability of the Companys New
Credit Facility. The Company did not record a provision as the Company, based on analysis and
guidance from its advisors, does not believe a loss is probable. Further, the Company is currently
unable to reasonably estimate a possible loss or range of loss that could result from an
unfavorable outcome in respect to this assessment or any additional assessments that may be issued
for these or other periods. The Company believes that it has meritorious defenses and is vigorously
pursuing the appeal, but final resolution of this matter could take several years.
These matters may take several years to resolve. While the Company believes it has meritorious
defenses, it cannot be sure of their ultimate resolution. Although the Company has reserved amounts
for certain matters that the Company believes represent the most likely outcome of the resolution
of these related disputes, if the Company is incorrect in the assessment, the Company may have to
record additional expenses, when it becomes probable that an increased potential liability is
warranted.
5. Comprehensive Income
Total comprehensive income consisted of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(In millions) |
|
Net income |
|
$ |
87.6 |
|
|
$ |
51.9 |
|
Unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net of taxes |
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
|
|
14.9 |
|
|
|
(5.2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income |
|
$ |
102.8 |
|
|
$ |
48.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
6. Segment Information
The Company is a network marketing company that sells a wide range of weight management
products, nutritional supplements and personal care products within one industry segment as defined
under the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC
Topic 280, Segment Reporting. The Companys products are manufactured by third party providers and
by the Company in its Suzhou, China facility and in its manufacturing facility located in Lake
Forest, California, and then are sold to independent distributors who sell Herbalife products to
retail consumers or other distributors. Revenues reflect sales of products to distributors based on
the distributors geographic location.
As of March 31, 2011, the Company sold products in 75 countries throughout the world and is
organized and managed by geographic regions. The Company aggregates its operating segments,
excluding China, into one reporting segment, or the Primary Reporting Segment, as management
believes that the Companys operating segments have similar operating characteristics and similar
long term operating performance. In making this determination, management believes that the
operating segments are similar in the nature of the products sold, the product acquisition process,
the types of customers to whom products are sold, the methods used to distribute the products, and
the nature of the regulatory environment. China has been identified as a separate reporting segment
as it does not meet the criteria for aggregation. The operating information for the Primary
Reporting Segment and China, and sales by product line are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(in millions) |
|
Net Sales: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Primary Reporting Segment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States |
|
$ |
162.2 |
|
|
$ |
146.7 |
|
Mexico |
|
|
103.9 |
|
|
|
71.8 |
|
Others |
|
|
483.3 |
|
|
|
367.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Primary Reporting Segment |
|
|
749.4 |
|
|
|
586.2 |
|
China |
|
|
45.7 |
|
|
|
32.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Net Sales |
|
$ |
795.1 |
|
|
$ |
618.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating Margin(1)(2): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Primary Reporting Segment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States |
|
$ |
68.4 |
|
|
$ |
65.1 |
|
Mexico |
|
|
40.4 |
|
|
|
24.9 |
|
Others |
|
|
218.8 |
|
|
|
151.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Primary Reporting Segment |
|
|
327.6 |
|
|
|
241.1 |
|
China (3) |
|
|
40.3 |
|
|
|
29.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Operating Margin |
|
$ |
367.9 |
|
|
$ |
270.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
|
|
244.5 |
|
|
|
206.9 |
|
Interest expense, net |
|
|
2.6 |
|
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income taxes |
|
|
120.8 |
|
|
|
62.0 |
|
Income taxes |
|
|
33.2 |
|
|
|
10.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Income |
|
$ |
87.6 |
|
|
$ |
51.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(in millions) |
|
Net sales by product line: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weight Management |
|
$ |
498.6 |
|
|
$ |
387.2 |
|
Targeted Nutrition |
|
|
180.2 |
|
|
|
138.6 |
|
Energy, Sports and Fitness |
|
|
35.5 |
|
|
|
25.8 |
|
Outer Nutrition |
|
|
36.6 |
|
|
|
31.0 |
|
Literature, promotional and other(4) |
|
|
44.2 |
|
|
|
36.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Net Sales |
|
$ |
795.1 |
|
|
$ |
618.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales by geographic region: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
North America(5) |
|
$ |
167.0 |
|
|
$ |
151.3 |
|
Mexico |
|
|
103.9 |
|
|
|
71.8 |
|
South and Central America |
|
|
125.3 |
|
|
|
91.3 |
|
EMEA(6) |
|
|
153.9 |
|
|
|
130.8 |
|
Asia Pacific(7) |
|
|
199.3 |
|
|
|
141.0 |
|
China |
|
|
45.7 |
|
|
|
32.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Net Sales |
|
$ |
795.1 |
|
|
$ |
618.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Operating margin consists of net sales less cost of sales and royalty overrides. |
|
(2) |
|
In the third quarter of 2010, the Company changed its method of allocation for certain costs to its business
segments. Historical information presented has been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. This change
had no effect on the Companys consolidated statements of income. |
|
(3) |
|
Compensation to China sales employees and service fees to China licensed business providers totaling $21.8
million and $16.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, is included in
selling, general and administrative expenses while distributor compensation for all other countries is included
in royalty overrides. |
|
(4) |
|
Product buybacks and returns in all product categories are included in the literature, promotional and other category. |
|
(5) |
|
Consists of the U.S., Canada and Jamaica. |
|
(6) |
|
Consists of Europe, Middle East and Africa. |
|
(7) |
|
Consists of Asia (excluding China), New Zealand and Australia. |
As of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, total assets for the Companys Primary Reporting
Segment were $1,287.7 million and $1,162.1 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2011 and
December 31, 2010, total assets for the China segment were $70.3 million and $70.1 million,
respectively.
7. Share-Based Compensation
The Company has share-based compensation plans, which are more fully described in Note 9, Share-based Compensation, to
the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2010 10-K. During the three months ended March 31,
2011, the Company granted stock awards subject to continued service, consisting of stock units and
stock appreciation rights, with vesting terms fully described in the 2010 10-K.
For the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, share-based compensation expense amounted
to $5.6 million and $5.3 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2011, the total unrecognized
compensation cost related to all non-vested stock awards was $25.6 million and the related
weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized is approximately 1.5 years.
The following tables summarize the activity under all share-based compensation plans for the
three months ended March 31, 2011:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
Average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
|
Remaining |
|
|
Aggregate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise |
|
|
Contractual |
|
|
Intrinsic |
|
Stock Options & Stock Appreciation Rights |
|
Awards |
|
|
Price |
|
|
Term |
|
|
Value |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions) |
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2010 |
|
|
6,390 |
|
|
$ |
28.75 |
|
|
5.7 years |
|
$ |
253.1 |
|
Granted |
|
|
20 |
|
|
$ |
73.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised |
|
|
(334 |
) |
|
$ |
26.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited |
|
|
(34 |
) |
|
$ |
32.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at March 31, 2011 |
|
|
6,042 |
|
|
$ |
29.02 |
|
|
5.5 years |
|
$ |
316.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable at March 31, 2011 |
|
|
3,416 |
|
|
$ |
24.34 |
|
|
4.2 years |
|
$ |
194.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grant Date |
|
|
Aggregate |
|
Incentive Plan and Independent Directors Stock Units |
|
Shares |
|
|
Fair Value |
|
|
Fair Value |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding and nonvested December 31, 2010 |
|
|
580.2 |
|
|
$ |
27.51 |
|
|
$ |
16.0 |
|
Granted |
|
|
6.8 |
|
|
$ |
74.68 |
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
Vested |
|
|
(173.2 |
) |
|
$ |
33.08 |
|
|
|
(5.7 |
) |
Forfeited |
|
|
(3.0 |
) |
|
$ |
15.10 |
|
|
|
(0.1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding and nonvested at March 31, 2011 |
|
|
410.8 |
|
|
$ |
26.04 |
|
|
$ |
10.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock awards granted during the three months
ended March 31, 2011 and 2010 was $41.74 and $20.23, respectively. The total intrinsic value of
stock awards exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, was $16.9 million and
$1.2 million, respectively.
8. Income Taxes
As of March 31, 2011, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, related interest and
penalties was $31.4 million, $5.5 million and $1.3 million, respectively. During the three months
ended March 31, 2011, the Company recorded tax, interest and penalties related to uncertain tax
positions of $1.9 million, $0.5 million and $0.1 million respectively. During the three months
ended March 31, 2011 the unrecognized tax benefits were reduced by the expiration of the statutes
of limitations for tax of $2.1 million, interest of $0.6 million and penalties of $0.1 million
which resulted in a year to date net decrease for tax and related interest of $0.2 million and $0.1
million, respectively. The unrecognized tax benefits relate primarily to uncertainties from
international transfer pricing issues and the deductibility of certain operating expenses in
various jurisdictions. If the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits were recognized, $31.4
million of unrecognized tax benefits, $5.5 million of interest and $1.3 million of penalties, would
impact the effective tax rate.
During the three months ended March 31, 2011, the Company benefited from the terms of a tax
holiday in the Peoples Republic of China. The tax holiday commenced on January 1, 2008 and will
conclude on December 31, 2012. Under the terms of the holiday, the Company was subject to a zero
tax rate in China during 2008 and 2009, 11% tax rate in 2010, and is subject to a graduated rate of
12% in 2011. The tax rate will gradually increase to a maximum rate of 25% in 2013.
9. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
Interest Rate Risk Management
The Company engages in an interest rate hedging strategy for which the hedged transactions are
forecasted interest payments on the Companys variable rate credit facility. The hedged risk is the
variability of forecasted interest rate cash flows, where the hedging strategy involves the
purchase of interest rate swaps. For the outstanding cash flow hedges on interest rate exposures at
March 31, 2011, the Company is hedging certain of its monthly interest rate exposures over approximately two years and four months.
During August 2009, the Company entered into four interest rate swap agreements with an
effective date of December 31, 2009. The agreements collectively provide for the Company to pay
interest for less than a four-year period at a weighted average fixed rate of 2.78% on notional
amounts aggregating to $140.0 million while receiving interest for the same period at the one month
LIBOR rate on the same notional amounts. These agreements will expire in July 2013. These swaps at
inception were designated as cash flow hedges against the variability in the LIBOR interest rate on
the Companys prior term loan or against the variability in the LIBOR interest rate on the replacement debt. The Companys prior term loan was terminated in March 2011 and refinanced with
the New Credit Facility as discussed further in Note 3, Long-Term Debt.
The Companys swaps remain effective and continue to be designated as cash flow hedges against the
variability in certain LIBOR interest rate borrowings under the New Credit Facility at LIBOR plus 1.50% to 2.50%,
thereby now fixing the Companys weighted average effective rate on the notional amounts at 4.28%
to 5.28%. There was no hedge ineffectiveness recorded as result of this refinancing event.
The Company formally assesses both at inception and at least quarterly thereafter, whether
derivatives used in hedging transactions are effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the
hedged item. As of March 31, 2011, the hedge relationships continued to qualify as effective
hedges under FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or ASC 815. Consequently, all changes in
the fair value of the derivatives are deferred and recorded in other comprehensive income (loss)
until the related forecasted transactions are recognized in the consolidated statements of income.
The fair value of the interest rate swap agreements are based on third-party bank
quotes. At March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company recorded the interest rate swaps
as liabilities at their fair value of $5.7 million and $6.6 million, respectively.
11
Foreign Currency Instruments
The Company also designates certain foreign currency derivatives, such as certain foreign
currency forward and option contracts, as freestanding derivatives for which hedge accounting does
not apply. The changes in the fair market value of the derivatives are included in selling, general
and administrative expenses in the Companys consolidated statements of income. The Company uses
foreign currency forward contracts to hedge foreign-currency-denominated intercompany transactions
and to partially mitigate the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. The Company also uses
foreign currency option contracts to partially mitigate the impact of foreign currency
fluctuations. The fair value of the forward and option contracts are based on third-party bank
quotes.
The Company also purchases foreign currency forward contracts in order to hedge forecasted
inventory purchases and intercompany management fees that are designated as cash-flow hedges and
are subject to foreign currency exposures. The Company applied the hedge accounting rules as
required by ASC 815 for these hedges. These contracts allow the Company to sell Euros in exchange
for U.S. dollars at specified contract rates. As of March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the
aggregate notional amounts of these contracts outstanding were approximately $21.6 million and
$32.1 million, respectively. At March 31, 2011, the outstanding contracts were expected to mature
over the next nine months. The Companys derivative financial instruments are recorded on the
consolidated balance sheet at fair value based on third-party bank quotes. Forward contracts are
used to hedge forecasted inventory purchases over specific months. Changes in the fair value of
these forward contracts, excluding forward points, designated as cash-flow hedges are recorded as a
component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within shareholders equity, and are
recognized in cost of sales in the consolidated statement of income during the period which
approximates the time the hedged inventory is sold. The Company also hedges forecasted intercompany
management fees over specific months. Changes in the fair value of these forward contracts
designated as cash flow hedges are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive
income (loss) within shareholders equity, and are recognized in selling, general and
administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of income during the period when the hedged
item and underlying transaction affect earnings. As of March 31, 2011, the Company recorded
liabilities at fair value of $2.1 million relating to all outstanding foreign currency contracts
designated as cash-flow hedges. As of December 31, 2010, the Company recorded assets at fair value
of $0.6 million and liabilities at fair value of $0.8 million relating to all outstanding foreign
currency contracts designated as cash-flow hedges. The Company assesses hedge effectiveness and
measures hedge ineffectiveness at least quarterly. During the three months ended March 31, 2011 and
2010, the ineffective portion relating to these hedges was immaterial and the hedges remained
effective as of March 31, 2011.
As of March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the majority of the Companys outstanding foreign
currency forward contracts had maturity dates of less than nine months with the majority of
freestanding derivatives expiring within two months. There were no foreign currency option
contracts outstanding as of March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010. See Part I, Item 3
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for foreign currency instruments outstanding as of March 31, 2011.
Gains and Losses on Derivative Instruments
The following table summarizes gains (losses) relating to derivative instruments recorded in
other comprehensive income (loss) during the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized |
|
|
|
in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
March 31, 2011 |
|
|
March 31, 2010 |
|
|
|
(In millions) |
|
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign exchange currency contracts relating to inventory
and intercompany management fee hedges |
|
$ |
(1.9 |
) |
|
$ |
5.1 |
|
Interest rate swaps |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
(2.5 |
) |
12
The following table summarizes gains (losses) relating to derivative instruments recorded to
income during the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount of Gain (Loss) |
|
|
|
|
|
Recognized in Income |
|
|
Location of Gain |
|
|
For the Three Months Ended |
|
|
(Loss) |
|
|
March 31, 2011 |
|
|
March 31, 2010 |
|
|
Recognized in Income |
|
|
(In millions) |
|
|
|
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign exchange currency contracts relating to inventory
hedges and intercompany management fee hedges (1)
|
|
$ |
0.1 |
|
|
$ |
(0.1 |
) |
|
Selling, general
and administrative
expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign exchange currency contracts
|
|
$ |
2.9 |
|
|
$ |
(7.5 |
) |
|
Selling, general
and administrative
expenses |
|
|
|
(1) |
|
For foreign exchange contracts designated as hedging instruments,
the amounts recognized in income (loss) represent the amounts
excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. There were
no ineffective amounts recorded for derivatives designated as
hedging instruments. |
The following table summarizes gains (losses) relating to derivative instruments reclassified
from accumulated other comprehensive loss into income during the three months ended March 31, 2011
and 2010:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Location of Gain |
|
|
Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified |
|
|
(Loss) |
|
|
from Accumulated |
|
|
Reclassified |
|
|
Other Comprehensive |
|
|
from Accumulated |
|
|
Loss into Income |
|
|
Other Comprehensive |
|
|
For the Three Months Ended |
|
|
Loss into Income |
|
|
March 31, 2011 |
|
|
March 31, 2010 |
|
|
(Effective Portion) |
|
|
(In millions) |
|
|
|
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign exchange currency contracts relating to inventory hedges
|
|
$ |
(0.2 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.6 |
) |
|
Cost of sales |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign exchange currency contracts relating to intercompany
management fee hedges
|
|
$ |
(0.6 |
) |
|
$ |
1.6 |
|
|
Selling, general
and administrative
expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate contracts
|
|
$ |
(0.9 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.9 |
) |
|
Interest expense, net |
The Company reports its derivatives at fair value as either assets or liabilities within its
condensed consolidated balance sheet. See Note 12, Fair Value Measurements, for information on derivative
fair values and their condensed consolidated balance sheet location as of March 31, 2011, and December 31,
2010.
10. Shareholders Equity
Dividends
The declaration of future dividends is subject to the discretion of the Companys board of
directors and will depend upon various factors, including its earnings, financial condition,
restrictions imposed by its credit agreement, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors
deemed relevant by its board of directors. The New Credit Facility entered into on March 9, 2011,
permits payments of dividends as long as no default or event of default exists and the
consolidated leverage ratio specified in the New Credit Facility is not exceeded.
On February 22, 2011, the Company announced that its board of directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of
$0.25 per common share in an aggregate amount of $14.8 million that was paid to shareholders on
March 22, 2011. The aggregate amount of dividends declared and paid during the three months ended
March 31, 2011 and 2010 were $14.8 million and $12.1 million, respectively.
13
Share Repurchases
On April 30, 2009, the Company announced that its board of directors authorized a new program
for the Company to repurchase up to $300 million of Herbalife common shares during the next two
years, at such times and prices as determined by the Companys management. On May 3, 2010, the
Companys board of directors approved an increase to the share repurchase authorization from $300
million to $1 billion. In addition, the Companys board of directors approved the extension of the
expiration date of the share repurchase program from April 2011 to December 2014. The Company did
not repurchase any common shares in the open market during the three months ended March 31, 2011. As of March 31,
2011, the remaining authorized capacity under the Companys share repurchase program was
approximately $776.7 million.
The aggregate purchase price of any common shares repurchased is reflected as a reduction to
shareholders equity. The Company allocates the purchase price of the repurchased shares as a
reduction to retained earnings, common shares and additional paid-in-capital.
The number of shares issued upon vesting or exercise for certain restricted stock units and
stock appreciation rights granted, pursuant to the Companys share-based compensation plans, is net
of the minimum statutory withholding requirements that the Company pays on behalf of its employees.
Although shares withheld are not issued, they are treated as common share repurchases in the Companys condensed consolidated financial statements, as they reduce the number of shares that would have been issued upon vesting.
Stock Split
On February 18, 2011, the Companys board of directors approved a two-for-one split of the
Companys common shares, subject to approval by the Companys shareholders at the Companys Annual
General Meeting of Shareholders held on April 28, 2011. See Note 14, Subsequent Events, for further
information on the stock split being approved by the Companys shareholders on April 28, 2011.
11. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share represents net income for the period common shares were outstanding,
divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted
earnings per share represents net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares
outstanding, inclusive of the effect of dilutive securities such as outstanding stock options,
stock appreciation rights, stock units and warrants.
The following are the common share amounts used to compute the basic and diluted earnings per
share for each period on a pre-split basis:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months |
|
|
|
Ended March 31, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
Weighted average shares used in basic computations |
|
|
59,103 |
|
|
|
60,160 |
|
Dilutive effect of exercise of equity grants outstanding |
|
|
2,684 |
|
|
|
2,319 |
|
Dilutive effect of warrants |
|
|
121 |
|
|
|
193 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares used in diluted computations |
|
|
61,908 |
|
|
|
62,672 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There were an aggregate of 0.1 million and 1.8 million of equity grants that were outstanding
during the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, consisting of stock options,
stock appreciation rights, and stock units, but were not included in the computation of diluted
earnings per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive. See Note 14, Subsequent Events, for the computation of the Companys historical net earnings per share on a pro-forma post-split basis.
12. Fair Value Measurements
The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and
Disclosures, or ASC 820, for its financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. ASC 820
defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a
liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820
establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into
three broad levels as follows:
Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or
liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
14
Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets,
quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active,
inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs that
are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other
means.
Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
The Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value as discussed throughout the
notes to its consolidated financial statements. Foreign exchange currency contracts and interest
rate swaps are valued using standard calculations and models. Foreign exchange currency contracts
are valued primarily based on inputs such as observable forward rates, spot rates and foreign
currency exchange rates at the reporting period ended date. Interest rate swaps are valued
primarily based on inputs such as LIBOR and swap yield curves at the reporting period ended date.
Assets or liabilities that have recurring measurements and are
measured at fair value consisted of only
Level 2 derivatives and are shown below at their gross values at March 31, 2011, and December 31,
2010:
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Significant |
|
|
Significant |
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
Observable |
|
|
Observable |
|
|
|
|
|
Inputs |
|
|
Inputs |
|
|
|
|
|
(Level 2) |
|
|
(Level 2) |
|
|
|
Derivative Balance |
|
Fair Value at |
|
|
Fair Value at |
|
|
|
Sheet |
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
Location |
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
(in millions) |
|
ASSETS: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging
instruments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign exchange currency contracts relating to
intercompany management fee hedges |
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
0.6 |
|
Derivatives not designated as cash flow hedging
instruments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign exchange currency contracts |
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
|
$ |
4.1 |
|
|
$ |
2.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
4.1 |
|
|
$ |
2.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging
instruments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign exchange currency contracts relating to
inventory and intercompany management fee hedges |
|
Accrued expenses |
|
$ |
2.1 |
|
|
$ |
0.8 |
|
Interest rate swaps |
|
Accrued expenses |
|
$ |
5.7 |
|
|
$ |
6.6 |
|
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign exchange currency contracts |
|
Accrued expenses |
|
$ |
1.3 |
|
|
$ |
3.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
9.1 |
|
|
$ |
10.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13. Inventories
Inventories consist primarily of finished goods available for resale and the following are the
major classes of inventory (in millions):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
Raw materials |
|
$ |
17.7 |
|
|
$ |
13.7 |
|
Work in process |
|
|
0.8 |
|
|
|
0.6 |
|
Finished goods |
|
|
165.8 |
|
|
|
168.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
184.3 |
|
|
$ |
182.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total inventories are presented net of the reserves for obsolete and slow moving inventory of $10.6
million and $9.4 million at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
14. Subsequent Events
On April 28, 2011, the Companys shareholders approved a 2-for-1 split of the Companys
common shares. One additional common share will be distributed to the Companys shareholders on or
around May 17, 2011, for each common share held on May 10, 2011. All common shares subject to
outstanding equity awards and warrants, as well as the number of common shares reserved for
issuance under the Companys equity compensation plans, will be adjusted
proportionately.
15
All numbers in the consolidated financial statements are presented on a pre-split basis. The
Companys historical net earnings per share on a pro-forma basis would be as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
Basic net income per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As reported |
|
$ |
1.48 |
|
|
$ |
0.86 |
|
Pro forma |
|
$ |
0.74 |
|
|
$ |
0.43 |
|
Diluted net income per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As reported |
|
$ |
1.41 |
|
|
$ |
0.83 |
|
Pro forma |
|
$ |
0.71 |
|
|
$ |
0.41 |
|
On May 2, 2011, the Company announced that its board of directors approved a post stock split
cash dividend of $0.20 per common share, payable on June 7, 2011 to shareholders of record as of
May 24, 2011.
16
Item 2. MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
We are a global network marketing company that sells weight management products, nutritional
supplements, energy, sports & fitness products and personal care products. We pursue our mission of
changing peoples lives by providing a financially rewarding business opportunity to distributors
and quality products to distributors and their customers who seek a healthy lifestyle. We are one
of the largest network marketing companies in the world with net sales of approximately $2.7
billion for the year ended December 31, 2010. As of March 31, 2011, we sold our products in 75
countries through a network of approximately 2.3 million independent distributors. In China, we
sell our products through retail stores, sales representatives, sales employees and licensed
business providers. We believe the quality of our products and the effectiveness of our
distribution network, coupled with geographic expansion, have been the primary reasons for our
success throughout our 31-year operating history.
Our products are grouped in four principal categories: weight management, targeted nutrition,
energy, sports & fitness and Outer Nutrition, along with literature and promotional items. Our
products are often sold in programs that are comprised of a series of related products and
literature designed to simplify weight management and nutrition for consumers and maximize our
distributors cross-selling opportunities.
Industry-wide factors that affect us and our competitors include the global obesity epidemic
and the aging of the worldwide population, which are driving demand for nutrition and
wellness-related products along with the global increase in under and unemployment which can affect
the recruitment and retention of distributors seeking part time or full time income opportunities.
We remain focused on the
opportunities and challenges in retailing of our products, recruiting and retaining distributors,
improving distributor productivity, opening new markets, further penetrating existing markets,
globalizing successful Distributor Methods of Operation, or DMO, such as Nutrition Clubs and Weight Loss
Challenges, introducing new products and globalizing existing products, developing niche market
segments and further investing in our infrastructure. Management
continues to monitor the
Venezuela market and especially the limited ability to repatriate cash.
We report revenue from our six regions:
|
|
|
North America, which consists of the U.S., Canada and Jamaica; |
|
|
|
|
Mexico; |
|
|
|
|
South and Central America; |
|
|
|
|
EMEA, which consists of Europe, the Middle East and Africa; |
|
|
|
|
Asia Pacific (excluding China), which consists of Asia, New Zealand and Australia; and |
|
|
|
|
China. |
Volume Points by Geographic Region
A key non-financial measure we focus on is Volume Points on a Royalty Basis, or Volume Points,
which is essentially our weighted average measure of product sales volume. Volume Points, which are
unaffected by exchange rates or price increases, are used by management as a proxy for sales trends
because in general, an increase in Volume Points in a particular geographic region or country
indicates an increase in our local currency net sales while a decrease in Volume Points in a
particular geographic region or country indicates a decrease in our local currency net sales.
17
We assign a Volume Point value to a product when it is first introduced into the market. The
specific number of Volume Points assigned to a product is based on a Volume Point to U.S. dollar
ratio that we use for the vast majority of new products. If a product is available in different
quantities then the various sizes will have different Volume Point values. If a new product is not
introduced in or otherwise expected to be sold in the U.S., we will determine the Volume Point
value for that product based on a review of various factors in the regions and countries in which
we will market the product, including the Volume Point to local currency ratio of existing
products in the relevant countries. In general, once assigned, a Volume Point value is
consistent in each region and country and does not change from year to year. The reason volume
points are used in the manner described above is that the Company uses volume points for
distributor qualification and recognition purposes and therefore attempts to keep volume points for
a similar or like product consistent on a global basis. However, because Volume Points are a
function of value rather than product type or size, they are not a reliable measure for product
mix. As an example, an increase in Volume Points in a specific country or region could mean a
significant increase in sales of less expensive product or a marginal increase in sales of an
expensive product.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
% Change |
|
|
|
(in millions) |
|
North America |
|
|
243.0 |
|
|
|
220.1 |
|
|
|
10.4 |
% |
Mexico |
|
|
164.5 |
|
|
|
124.2 |
|
|
|
32.4 |
% |
South & Central America |
|
|
125.1 |
|
|
|
101.1 |
|
|
|
23.7 |
% |
EMEA |
|
|
138.0 |
|
|
|
119.5 |
|
|
|
15.5 |
% |
Asia Pacific (excluding China) |
|
|
198.7 |
|
|
|
152.2 |
|
|
|
30.6 |
% |
China |
|
|
32.8 |
|
|
|
25.6 |
|
|
|
28.1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Worldwide |
|
|
902.1 |
|
|
|
742.7 |
|
|
|
21.5 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average Active Sales Leaders by Geographic Region
With the continued expansion of daily consumption DMOs in our different markets, we
believe the Average Active Sales Leader metric, which represents the monthly average number of
sales leaders that place an order from us in a given quarter, is a useful metric. We rely on this
metric as an indication of the engagement level of sales leaders in a given region. Changes in the
Average Active Sales Leader metric may be indicative of the current momentum in a region as well as
the potential for higher annual retention levels and future sales growth through utilization of
daily consumption DMOs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
% Change |
|
North America |
|
|
52,549 |
|
|
|
45,831 |
|
|
|
14.7 |
% |
Mexico |
|
|
42,480 |
|
|
|
34,481 |
|
|
|
23.2 |
% |
South & Central America |
|
|
30,970 |
|
|
|
27,217 |
|
|
|
13.8 |
% |
EMEA |
|
|
35,960 |
|
|
|
32,044 |
|
|
|
12.2 |
% |
Asia Pacific (excluding China) |
|
|
40,510 |
|
|
|
31,903 |
|
|
|
27.0 |
% |
China |
|
|
7,272 |
|
|
|
5,318 |
|
|
|
36.7 |
% |
Worldwide(1) |
|
|
205,036 |
|
|
|
169,715 |
|
|
|
20.8 |
% |
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Worldwide Average Active Sales Leaders may not equal the sum of the
Average Active Sales Leaders in each region due to the calculation
being an average of Sales Leaders active in a period, not a summation. |
Number of Sales Leaders and Retention Rates by Geographic Region as of Re-qualification Period
Our compensation system requires each sales leader to re-qualify for such status each year,
prior to February, in order to maintain their 50% discount on products and be eligible to receive
royalty payments. In February of each year, we demote from the rank of sales leader those
distributors who did not satisfy the re-qualification requirements during the preceding twelve
months. The re-qualification requirement does not apply to new sales leaders (i.e., those who became
sales leaders subsequent to the January re-qualification of the prior year).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales Leaders Statistics (Excluding China) |
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
January 1 total sales leaders |
|
|
434.2 |
|
|
|
431.3 |
|
January & February new sales leaders |
|
|
28.9 |
|
|
|
21.2 |
|
Demoted sales leaders (did not re-qualify) |
|
|
(144.8 |
) |
|
|
(165.9 |
) |
Other sales leaders (resigned, etc) |
|
|
(0.8 |
) |
|
|
(1.1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
End of February total sales leaders |
|
|
317.5 |
|
|
|
285.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18
The distributor statistics below further highlight the calculation for retention.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales Leaders Retention (Excluding China) |
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
Sales leaders needed to re-qualify |
|
|
283.2 |
|
|
|
290.9 |
|
Demoted sales leaders (did not re-qualify) |
|
|
(144.8 |
) |
|
|
(165.9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total re-qualified |
|
|
138.4 |
|
|
|
125.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retention rate |
|
|
48.9 |
% |
|
|
43.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The table below reflects the number of sales leaders as of February of the year indicated
(subsequent to the annual re-qualification date) and sales leader retention rate by year and by
region.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of Sales Leaders |
|
|
Sales Leaders Retention Rate |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
North America |
|
|
72,152 |
|
|
|
64,668 |
|
|
|
48.6 |
% |
|
|
43.3 |
% |
Mexico |
|
|
54,526 |
|
|
|
47,068 |
|
|
|
57.9 |
% |
|
|
50.4 |
% |
South & Central America |
|
|
50,288 |
|
|
|
51,060 |
|
|
|
47.3 |
% |
|
|
34.1 |
% |
EMEA |
|
|
49,696 |
|
|
|
47,080 |
|
|
|
58.6 |
% |
|
|
51.9 |
% |
Asia Pacific (excluding China) |
|
|
90,822 |
|
|
|
75,635 |
|
|
|
38.4 |
% |
|
|
38.6 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Sales leaders |
|
|
317,484 |
|
|
|
285,511 |
|
|
|
48.9 |
% |
|
|
43.0 |
% |
China Sales Employees |
|
|
30,543 |
|
|
|
27,415 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Worldwide Total Sales Leaders |
|
|
348,027 |
|
|
|
312,926 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The number of sales leaders by geographic region as of the quarterly reporting dates will
normally be higher than the number of sales leaders by geographic region as of the re-qualification
period because sales leaders who do not re-qualify during the relevant twelve-month period will be
removed from the rank of sales leader the following February. Since sales leaders purchase most of
our products for resale to other distributors and consumers, comparisons of sales leader totals on
a year-to-year basis are indicators of our recruitment and retention efforts in different
geographic regions.
The value of the average monthly purchase of Herbalife products by our sales leaders has
remained relatively constant over time. Consequently, increases in our sales are driven by our
retention of sales leaders, our recruitment and retention of distributors and by our distributors
increased adoption of daily consumption DMOs.
We provide distributors with products, support materials, training, special events and a
competitive compensation program. If a distributor wants to pursue the Herbalife business
opportunity, the distributor is responsible for growing his or her business and personally pays for
the sales activities related to attracting new customers and recruiting distributors by hosting
events such as Herbalife Opportunity Meetings or Success Training Seminars; by advertising
Herbalifes products; by purchasing and using promotional materials such as t-shirts, buttons and
caps; by utilizing and paying for direct mail and print material such as brochures, flyers,
catalogs, business cards, posters and banners and telephone book listings; by purchasing inventory
for sale or use as samples; and by training, mentoring and following up (in person or via the phone
or internet) with customers and recruits on how to use Herbalife products and/or pursue the
Herbalife business opportunity.
Presentation
Retail sales represent the gross sales amounts on our invoices to distributors before
distributor allowances, as defined below, and net sales, which reflect distributor allowances and
shipping and handling revenues, represent what we collect and recognize as net sales in our
financial statements. We discuss retail sales because of its fundamental role in our compensation
systems, internal controls and operations, including its role as the basis upon which distributor
discounts, royalties and bonuses are awarded. In addition, it is used as the basis for certain
information included in daily and monthly reports reviewed by our management. However, such a
measure is not in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP.
Retail sales should not be considered in isolation from, nor as a substitute for, net sales and
other consolidated income or cash flow statement data prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, or as
a measure of profitability or liquidity. A reconciliation of net sales to retail sales is presented
below under Results of Operations. Product sales represent the actual product purchase price
paid to us by our distributors, after giving effect to distributor discounts referred to as
distributor allowances, which approximate 50% of retail sales prices. Distributor allowances as a
percentage of retail sales may vary by country depending upon regulatory restrictions that limit or
otherwise restrict distributor allowances.
19
Our international operations have provided and will continue to provide a significant portion
of our total net sales. As a result, total
net sales will continue to be affected by fluctuations in the U.S. dollar against foreign
currencies. In order to provide a framework for assessing how our underlying businesses performed
excluding the effect of foreign currency fluctuations, in addition to comparing the percent change
in net sales from one period to another in U.S. dollars, we also compare the percent change in net
sales from one period to another period using net sales in local currency disclosure. Net sales
in local currency is not a U.S. GAAP financial measure. Net sales in local currency removes from
net sales in U.S. dollars the impact of changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the
functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries, by translating the current period net sales into
U.S. dollars using the same foreign currency exchange rates that were used to translate the net
sales for the previous comparable period. We believe presenting net sales in local currency is
useful to investors because it allows a more meaningful comparison of net sales of our foreign
operations from period to period. However, net sales in local currency measures should not be
considered in isolation or as an alternative to net sales in U.S. dollars measures that reflect
current period exchange rates, or to other financial measures calculated and presented in
accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Our gross profit consists of net sales less cost of sales, which represents our
manufacturing costs, the price we pay to our raw material suppliers and manufacturers of our
products as well as shipping and handling costs related to product shipments, duties and tariffs,
freight expenses relating to shipment of products to distributors and importers and similar
expenses.
Royalty overrides are our most significant expense and consist of:
|
|
|
royalty overrides and production bonuses which total approximately 15% and 7%,
respectively, of the retail sales of weight management, targeted nutrition, energy, sports &
fitness, Outer Nutrition and promotional products; |
|
|
|
|
the Mark Hughes bonus payable to some of our most senior distributors in the aggregate
amount of up to 1% of retail sales of weight management, targeted nutrition, energy, sports
& fitness, Outer Nutrition products and promotional products; and |
|
|
|
|
other discretionary incentive cash bonuses to qualifying distributors. |
Royalty overrides are generally earned based on retail sales and provide potential earnings to
distributors of up to 23% of retail sales or approximately 33% of our net sales. Royalty overrides
together with distributor allowances of up to 50% represent the potential earnings to distributors
of up to approximately 73% of retail sales. The compensation to distributors is generally for the
development, retention and improved productivity of their distributor sales organizations and is
paid to several levels of distributors on each sale. Due to restrictions on direct selling in
China, our full-time employed sales representatives in China are compensated with wages, bonuses
and benefits and our licensed business providers in China are compensated with service fees instead
of the distributor allowances and royalty overrides utilized in our traditional marketing program.
Because of local country regulatory constraints, we may be required to modify our typical
distributor incentive plans as described above. Consequently, the total distributor discount
percentage may vary over time. We also offer reduced distributor allowances and pay reduced royalty
overrides with respect to certain products worldwide.
Our operating margins consist of net sales less cost of sales and royalty overrides.
Selling, general and administrative expenses represent our operating expenses, components of
which include labor and benefits, sales events, professional fees, travel and entertainment,
distributor marketing, occupancy costs, communication costs, bank fees, depreciation and
amortization, foreign exchange gains and losses and other miscellaneous operating expenses.
Most of our sales to distributors outside the United States are made in the respective local
currencies. In preparing our financial statements, we translate revenues into U.S. dollars using
average exchange rates. Additionally, the majority of our purchases from our suppliers generally
are made in U.S. dollars. Consequently, a strengthening of the U.S. dollar versus a foreign
currency can have a negative impact on our reported sales and operating margins and can generate
transaction losses on intercompany transactions. Throughout the last five years, foreign currency
exchange rates have fluctuated significantly. From time to time, we enter into foreign exchange
forward and option contracts to partially mitigate our foreign currency exchange risk as discussed
in further detail in Part I, Item 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
20
Summary Financial Results
Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2011 increased 28.5% to $795.1 million as
compared to $618.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2010. In local currency, net sales
for the three months ended March 31, 2011 increased 24.7% as compared to the same periods in 2010.
The increase in net sales was primarily due to the continued successful adoption and operation of
daily consumption DMOs; increased distributor engagement as reflected by record 2011 sales leader retention and an increase in average active
sales leaders; branding activities and increased distributor recruiting.
Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2011 increased 68.8% to $87.6 million, or
$1.41 per diluted share, compared to $51.9 million, or $0.83 per diluted share, for the same period
in 2010. The increase was primarily due to higher operating margin driven by net sales growth
discussed above, partially offset by higher salaries, bonuses and benefits, higher distributor
promotion and event costs, higher expenses related to China sales employees and licensed business
providers and higher non-income tax expense. In addition, net income for the three months ended
March 31, 2010 was also negatively impacted by matters related to Venezuela, as described below.
Net
income for the three months ended March 31, 2011 included a
$0.9 million pre-tax ($0.7 million post-tax) additional
interest expense from the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs resulting from the debt
refinancing arrangement in March 2011. See Note 3, Long Term Debt, to the Notes to Condensed Consolidated
Financial Statements for further information on our debt refinancing.
Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2010 included a $15.1 million unfavorable
impact related to remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities resulting from Venezuela being
designated as a highly inflationary economy beginning January 1, 2010; a $12.7 million unfavorable
impact related to incremental U.S. dollar costs of 2009 imports into Venezuela which were recorded
at the unfavorable parallel market exchange rate and were not devalued based on 2010 exchange rates
but rather recorded to cost of sales at their historical U.S. dollar costs as products were sold in
the first quarter of 2010; a $3.7 million favorable impact resulting from receipt of U.S. dollars
approved by the Venezuelan governments Foreign Exchange Commission, or CADIVI, at the official
exchange rate relating to 2009 product importations which were previously registered with CADIVI
and were remeasured at the less favorable parallel exchange rate; and a $14.5 million one-time
favorable impact to income taxes related to Venezuela becoming a highly inflationary economy.
Results of Operations
Our results of operations for the periods below are not necessarily indicative of results of
operations for future periods, which depend upon numerous factors, including our ability to recruit
new distributors and retain existing distributors, open new markets, further penetrate existing
markets, introduce new products and programs that will help our distributors increase their retail
efforts and develop niche market segments.
The following table sets forth selected results of our operations expressed as a percentage of
net sales for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
Operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales |
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
100.0 |
% |
Cost of sales |
|
|
20.5 |
|
|
|
22.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit |
|
|
79.5 |
|
|
|
77.3 |
|
Royalty overrides(1) |
|
|
33.2 |
|
|
|
33.5 |
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses(1) |
|
|
30.8 |
|
|
|
33.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income |
|
|
15.5 |
|
|
|
10.4 |
|
Interest expense, net |
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income taxes |
|
|
15.2 |
|
|
|
10.1 |
|
Income taxes |
|
|
4.2 |
|
|
|
1.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
11.0 |
% |
|
|
8.5 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Compensation to our China sales employees and service fees to our licensed business providers
in China are included in selling, general and administrative expenses while distributor
compensation for all other countries is included in royalty overrides. |
21
Net Sales
The following chart reconciles retail sales to net sales:
Sales by Geographic Region
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shipping & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shipping & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retail |
|
|
Distributor |
|
|
Product |
|
|
Handling |
|
|
Net |
|
|
Retail |
|
|
Distributor |
|
|
Product |
|
|
Handling |
|
|
Net |
|
|
Change in |
|
|
|
Sales |
|
|
Allowance |
|
|
Sales |
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
Sales |
|
|
Sales |
|
|
Allowance |
|
|
Sales |
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
Sales |
|
|
Net Sales |
|
|
|
(Dollars in millions) |
|
North America |
|
$ |
265.8 |
|
|
$ |
(127.0 |
) |
|
$ |
138.8 |
|
|
$ |
28.2 |
|
|
$ |
167.0 |
|
|
$ |
240.6 |
|
|
$ |
(114.7 |
) |
|
$ |
125.9 |
|
|
$ |
25.4 |
|
|
$ |
151.3 |
|
|
|
10.4 |
% |
Mexico |
|
|
168.0 |
|
|
|
(82.0 |
) |
|
|
86.0 |
|
|
|
17.9 |
|
|
|
103.9 |
|
|
|
116.1 |
|
|
|
(56.7 |
) |
|
|
59.4 |
|
|
|
12.4 |
|
|
|
71.8 |
|
|
|
44.7 |
% |
South & Central
America |
|
|
205.6 |
|
|
|
(98.2 |
) |
|
|
107.4 |
|
|
|
17.9 |
|
|
|
125.3 |
|
|
|
151.9 |
|
|
|
(73.0 |
) |
|
|
78.9 |
|
|
|
12.4 |
|
|
|
91.3 |
|
|
|
37.2 |
% |
EMEA |
|
|
248.3 |
|
|
|
(119.4 |
) |
|
|
128.9 |
|
|
|
25.0 |
|
|
|
153.9 |
|
|
|
209.3 |
|
|
|
(100.4 |
) |
|
|
108.9 |
|
|
|
21.9 |
|
|
|
130.8 |
|
|
|
17.7 |
% |
Asia Pacific |
|
|
314.3 |
|
|
|
(144.3 |
) |
|
|
170.0 |
|
|
|
29.3 |
|
|
|
199.3 |
|
|
|
227.1 |
|
|
|
(105.4 |
) |
|
|
121.7 |
|
|
|
19.3 |
|
|
|
141.0 |
|
|
|
41.3 |
% |
China |
|
|
50.8 |
|
|
|
(5.1 |
) |
|
|
45.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45.7 |
|
|
|
35.5 |
|
|
|
(3.1 |
) |
|
|
32.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32.4 |
|
|
|
41.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Worldwide |
|
$ |
1,252.8 |
|
|
$ |
(576.0 |
) |
|
$ |
676.8 |
|
|
$ |
118.3 |
|
|
$ |
795.1 |
|
|
$ |
980.5 |
|
|
$ |
(453.3 |
) |
|
$ |
527.2 |
|
|
$ |
91.4 |
|
|
$ |
618.6 |
|
|
|
28.5 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in net sales are directly associated with the recruiting and retention of our
distributor force, retailing of our products, the quality and completeness of our product offerings
that the distributor force has to sell and the number of countries in which we operate.
Managements role, both in-country and at the region and corporate level, is to provide
distributors with a competitive and broad product line, encourage strong teamwork and distributor
leadership and offer leading edge business tools and technology services to make doing business
with Herbalife simple. Management uses the distributor marketing program coupled with educational
and motivational tools and promotions to incentivize distributors to increase recruiting, retention
and retailing, which in turn affect net sales. Such tools include Company sponsored sales events
such as Extravaganzas, Leadership Development Weekends and World Team Schools where large groups of
distributors gather, thus allowing them to network with other distributors, learn recruiting,
retention and retailing techniques from our leading distributors and become more familiar with how
to market and sell our products and business opportunities. Accordingly, management believes that
these development and motivation programs increase the productivity of the sales leader network.
The expenses for such programs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Sales
are driven by several factors, including the number and productivity of distributors and sales
leaders who continually build, educate and motivate their respective distribution and sales
organizations. We also use event and non-event product promotions to motivate distributors to
increase recruiting, retention and retailing activities. These promotions have prizes ranging from
qualifying for events to product prizes and vacations. The costs of these promotions are included
in selling, general and administrative expenses.
The factors described above have helped distributors increase their business, which in turn
helps drive Volume Point growth in our business, and thus, net sales growth. The discussion below
of net sales by geographic region further details some of the specific drivers of growth of our
business and causes of sales increases and decreases during the three months ended March 31, 2011
and 2010, as well as the unique growth or contraction factors specific to certain geographic
regions or major countries. We believe that the correct business foundation, coupled with ongoing
training and promotional initiatives, is required to increase recruiting and retention of
distributors and retailing of our products. This correct business foundation includes strong
country management that works closely with the distributor leadership, actively engaged and unified
distributor leadership, a broad product line that appeals to local consumer needs, a favorable
regulatory environment, a scalable and stable technology platform and an attractive distributor
marketing plan. Initiatives, such as Success Training Seminars, Leadership Development Weekends,
Promotional Events and regional Extravaganzas are integral components of developing a highly
motivated and educated distributor sales organization that will work toward increasing the
recruitment and retention of distributors.
We anticipate that our strategy will continue to include creating and maintaining growth
within existing markets, while expanding into new markets. In addition, new ideas and DMOs, are
being generated in many of our regional markets and are globalized where applicable, through the
combined efforts of distributors, country management or regional and corporate management. While we support a number of different DMOs, one of the more popular DMOs is the daily
consumption DMO. Under our traditional DMO, a distributor typically sells to its customers on a
somewhat infrequent basis (e.g., monthly) which provides fewer opportunities for interaction with
their customers. Under a daily consumption DMO, a distributor interacts with its customers on a
more frequent basis which enables the distributor to better educate and advise customers about
nutrition and the proper use of the
products and helps promote daily usage as well, thereby helping the distributor grow his or
her business. Specific examples
of DMOs include the Club concept in Mexico, Premium Herbalife Opportunity Meetings in Korea, the
Healthy Breakfast concept in Russia, and the Internet/Sampling and Weight Loss Challenge in the
U.S. Managements strategy is to review the applicability of expanding successful country
initiatives throughout a region, and where appropriate, financially support the globalization of
these initiatives.
22
North America
The North America region reported net sales of $167.0 million for the three months ended March
31, 2011. Net sales increased $15.7 million, or 10.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2011,
as compared to the same period in 2010. In local currency, net sales increased 10.3% for the three
months ended March 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010. The overall increase in the
region was a result of net sales growth in the U.S. of $15.5 million, or 10.6%, for the three
months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. We instituted a 3% price
increase in the U.S. in early March 2011 which contributed modestly to local currency sales growth.
In the U.S. we continue to see the success of our distributors converting their business focus
toward a daily consumption DMO, especially the Nutrition Club DMO, and its extension into
Commercial Clubs, along with the continued development of the Weight Loss
Challenge DMO. The success of these DMOs have resulted in higher levels of distributor engagement
and momentum as reflected by record sales leader retention of 48.3% in 2011 compared to 43.1% in
2010.
Average active sales leaders in the region increased 14.7% for the three months ended March
31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. Average active sales leaders in the U.S. increased
15.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. Total sales
leaders in the region increased 11.1% as of March 31, 2011 compared to March 31, 2010.
In January 2011, the region hosted a Future Presidents Team Retreat with approximately 700
attendees. As part of our city by city tour, the region also hosted January Spectaculars and
Mega Escuelas where there were more than 9,200 attendees in 14 cities.
In March 2011, Herbalife hosted its annual global Herbalife Honors event in Los Angeles,
California where President Team members from around the world met and shared best practices,
conducted leadership trainings and Herbalife management awarded distributors $41.3 million in Mark
Hughes bonus payments related to 2010 performance.
Mexico
The Mexico region reported net sales of $103.9 million for the three months ended March 31,
2011. Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2011 increased $32.1 million, or 44.7%, as
compared to the same period in 2010. In local currency, net sales for the three months ended March
31, 2011 increased 36.5% as compared to the same period in 2010. The fluctuation of foreign
currency rates had a favorable impact of $5.8 million on net sales for the three months ended March
31, 2011.
We believe that the growth in local currency
sales is the result of increased distributor engagement as reflected by record 2011 sales leader retention of 57.9% compared
to 50.4% in 2010. In addition, since the beginning of 2010 we have significantly expanded our distribution network and product
access throughout the country.
Average active sales leaders in Mexico increased 23.2% for the three months ended March 31,
2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. Total sales leaders in Mexico increased 18.9% as of
March 31, 2011, compared to March 31, 2010.
In January 2011, the region hosted a Future Presidents Team Retreat and Future
Millionaire Team Retreat with approximately 550 and 1,300 attendees, respectively.
South and Central America
The South and Central America region reported net sales of $125.3 million for the three months
ended March 31, 2011. Net sales increased $34.0 million, or 37.2%, for the three months ended March
31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. In local currency, net sales increased 28.4% for
the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. The fluctuation of
foreign currency rates had a $8.0 million favorable impact on net sales for the three months ended
March 31, 2011. The increase in net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2011 was driven by
increases in net sales in all but three countries in the region.
23
In Brazil, the regions largest market, net sales increased $24.1 million, or 51.5%, for the
three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. In local currency, net
sales increased 40.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in
2010. The increase in local currency net sales was primarily the result of the successful adoption
of Nutrition Clubs and other daily consumption DMOs. The fluctuation of foreign currency rates had
a $5.3 million favorable impact on net sales in Brazil for the three months ended March 31, 2011.
Sales leader retention in 2011 was a record 46.7% compared to 42.6% in 2010.
Venezuela, the regions second largest market, experienced a net sales increase of $3.0
million, or 35.0%, for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010.
In local currency, net sales increased 10.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared
to the same period in 2010. The sales growth in local currency was partially driven by price
increases of 8% and 10% in July 2010 and November 2010, respectively. See Liquidity and Capital
Resources Working Capital and Operating Activities below for further discussion of currency
exchange rate issues in Venezuela. Sales leader retention in 2011 was 42.0% compared to 31.2% in
2010.
Average active sales leaders in the region increased 13.8% for the three months ended March
31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. Total sales leaders in the region increased 0.7%
as of March 31, 2011 compared to March 31, 2010.
In February 2011, the region hosted two Extravaganzas in Buenos Aires, Argentina and Bogota,
Colombia. Together, the events had over 15,000 attendees.
EMEA
The EMEA region reported net sales of $153.9 million for the three months ended March 31,
2011. Net sales increased $23.1 million, or 17.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as
compared to the same period in 2010. In local currency, net sales increased 17.5% for the three
months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. The fluctuation of foreign
currency rates had a favorable impact on net sales of $0.2 million for the three months ended March
31, 2011. The increase in net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2011 was driven by
increases in net sales in Russia, Commonwealth of Independent States, Italy and Ukraine, partially
offset by a decrease in France.
Net sales in Italy, our largest market in the region, increased $2.3 million, or 8.0%, for the
three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. In local currency, net
sales increased 9.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in
2010. The increase in net sales was primarily driven by the transition to daily consumption DMOs
from the traditional recruiting model. Sales leader retention for 2011 was 58.8% compared to 58.1%
in 2010.
Net sales in Russia, our second largest market in the region, increased $8.9 million, or
94.2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. In local
currency, net sales increased 90.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the
same period in 2010. The increase in Russia was driven by the ongoing adoption of the Commercial
Nutrition Club along with additional sales centers which have increased access to our products.
Sales leader retention for 2011 was a record 69.6% compared to 60.4% in 2010.
Net sales in Spain, our third largest market in the region, increased $1.5 million, or 15.6%,
for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. In local
currency, net sales in Spain increased 17.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared
to the same period in 2010. The increase in Spain was mainly due to the positive effect of
increased distributor engagement and recruitment which was aided by our sponsorship of FC
Barcelona. Sales leader retention for 2011 was a record 65.5% compared to 44.8% in 2011.
Net sales in France, our fourth largest market in the region, decreased $2.5 million, or
27.2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. In local
currency, net sales in France decreased 26.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared
to the same period in 2010. The decrease in net sales in France was mainly due to lower recruiting.
Sales leader retention in 2011 was 43.5% compared to 36.6% in 2010.
Average active sales leaders in the region increased 12.2% for the three months ended March
31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. Total sales leaders in the region increased 6.0%
as of March 31, 2011 compared to March 31, 2010.
There were no major events for the region in the first quarter.
24
Asia Pacific
The Asia Pacific region, which excludes China, reported net sales of $199.3 million for the
three months ended March 31, 2011. Net sales increased $58.3 million, or 41.3%, for the three
months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. In local currency, net sales
increased 35.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010.
The fluctuation of foreign currency rates had a favorable impact of $8.1 million on net sales for
the three months ended March 31 2011. The increase in net sales for the three months ended March
31, 2011 was broad based with all but three countries in the region showing year-over-year net
sales growth led by South Korea, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia.
Net sales in South Korea, our largest market in the region, increased $26.3 million, or 73.7%,
for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. In local
currency, net sales increased 69.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the
same period in 2010. The increase in net sales was primarily driven by the successful adoption and
operation of the Nutrition Club DMO, in the form of Commercial Clubs
along with the Mega and Premium
Herbalife Opportunity Meetings. The fluctuation of foreign currency rates had a favorable impact on
net sales of $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period
in 2010. Sales leader retention in 2011 was 38.1% compared to 36.5% in 2010.
Net sales in Taiwan, our second largest market in the region, increased $0.7 million, or 1.8%,
for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. In local
currency, net sales decreased 6.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the
same period in 2010. The fluctuation of foreign currency rates had a favorable impact on net sales
of $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010.
Sales leader retention in 2011 was 41.0% compared to 43.0% in 2010.
Net sales in India, our third largest market in the region, increased $16.6 million, or
164.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. In local
currency, net sales increased 160.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the
same period in 2010. The increase in net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2011 was
primarily driven by the successful adoption of the Nutrition Club DMO. The fluctuation of foreign
currency rates had a favorable impact on net sales of $0.4 million for the three months ended March
31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. Sales leader retention in 2011 was a record 32.9%
compared to 31.5% in 2010.
Net sales in Malaysia, our fourth largest market in the region, increased $5.5 million, or
41.3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010, reflecting
the continued success of the Road Show DMO, which has generated positive distributor momentum and
increased recruiting. In local currency, net sales increased 27.7% for the three months ended March
31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. The fluctuation of foreign currency rates had a
favorable impact on net sales of $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared
to the same period in 2010. Sales leader retention stayed constant in 2011 compared to 2010 at
32.6%.
Net sales in Japan, our fifth largest market in the region, decreased $0.1 million, or 0.5%,
for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. In local
currency, net sales increased 1.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the
same period in 2010. The fluctuation of foreign currency rates had an unfavorable impact on net
sales of $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in
2010. Sales leader retention in 2011 was a record 62.7% compared to 52.0% in 2010. The earthquake
and resulting tsunami in early March do not appear to have had a significant negative impact on
sales following these tragedies. Japan represented approximately 2% of our worldwide sales for the quarter ended March 31, 2011.
Average active sales leaders in the region increased 27.0% for the three months ended March
31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. Total sales leaders in the region increased 22.1%
as of March 31, 2011 compared to March 31, 2010.
There were no major events for the region in the first quarter.
China
Net sales in China were $45.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011. Net sales
increased $13.3 million, or 41.0%, for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the
same period in 2010. In local currency, net sales increased 36.3% for the three months ended March
31, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. The fluctuation of foreign currency rates had a
favorable impact of $1.6 million on net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2010.
25
The current focus in China is to expand the Nutrition Club DMO to enhance the retail focus and
thereby increase the emphasis on daily consumption DMOs. We believe that the Nutrition Club concept is slowly starting to
gain traction as evidenced by the growth in clubs over the past year. While we believe the
Nutrition Club DMO has tremendous potential to expand throughout China and achieve success similar
to Taiwan and South Korea, we also realize that the process is still in its early development stage
and will most likely build gradually over the next few years.
As of March 31, 2011, we had direct-selling licenses in 16 provinces and we were operating 71
retail stores in 30 provinces in China. The 16 provinces in which we now have direct-selling
licenses represent an addressable population of approximately 844 million.
Average active sales leaders in China increased 36.7% for the three months ended March 31,
2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. Total sales leaders in China increased 10.8% as of
March 31, 2011 compared to March 31, 2010.
Sales by Product Category
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shipping & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shipping & |
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Retail |
|
|
Distributor |
|
|
Product |
|
|
Handling |
|
|
Net |
|
|
Retail |
|
|
Distributor |
|
|
Product |
|
|
Handling |
|
|
Net |
|
|
% Change in |
|
|
|
Sales |
|
|
Allowance |
|
|
Sales |
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
Sales |
|
|
Sales |
|
|
Allowance |
|
|
Sales |
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
Sales |
|
|
Net Sales |
|
|
|
(In millions) |
|
Weight Management |
|
$ |
806.1 |
|
|
$ |
(383.7 |
) |
|
$ |
422.4 |
|
|
$ |
76.2 |
|
|
$ |
498.6 |
|
|
$ |
630.6 |
|
|
$ |
(302.2 |
) |
|
$ |
328.4 |
|
|
$ |
58.8 |
|
|
$ |
387.2 |
|
|
|
28.8 |
% |
Targeted Nutrition |
|
|
291.5 |
|
|
|
(138.8 |
) |
|
|
152.7 |
|
|
|
27.5 |
|
|
|
180.2 |
|
|
|
225.7 |
|
|
|
(108.2 |
) |
|
|
117.5 |
|
|
|
21.1 |
|
|
|
138.6 |
|
|
|
30.0 |
% |
Energy, Sports and Fitness |
|
|
57.5 |
|
|
|
(27.4 |
) |
|
|
30.1 |
|
|
|
5.4 |
|
|
|
35.5 |
|
|
|
42.1 |
|
|
|
(20.2 |
) |
|
|
21.9 |
|
|
|
3.9 |
|
|
|
25.8 |
|
|
|
37.6 |
% |
Outer Nutrition |
|
|
59.1 |
|
|
|
(28.1 |
) |
|
|
31.0 |
|
|
|
5.6 |
|
|
|
36.6 |
|
|
|
50.6 |
|
|
|
(24.3 |
) |
|
|
26.3 |
|
|
|
4.7 |
|
|
|
31.0 |
|
|
|
18.1 |
% |
Literature, Promotional
and Other |
|
|
38.6 |
|
|
|
2.0 |
|
|
|
40.6 |
|
|
|
3.6 |
|
|
|
44.2 |
|
|
|
31.5 |
|
|
|
1.6 |
|
|
|
33.1 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
|
|
|
36.0 |
|
|
|
22.8 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
1,252.8 |
|
|
$ |
(576.0 |
) |
|
$ |
676.8 |
|
|
$ |
118.3 |
|
|
$ |
795.1 |
|
|
$ |
980.5 |
|
|
$ |
(453.3 |
) |
|
$ |
527.2 |
|
|
$ |
91.4 |
|
|
$ |
618.6 |
|
|
|
28.5 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales for all product categories increased for the three months ended March 31, 2011
as compared to the same periods in 2010, mainly due to the factors described in the above
discussions of the individual geographic regions.
Gross Profit
Gross profit was $632.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011, as compared to
$478.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2010. As a percentage of net sales, gross
profit for the three months ended March 31, 2011 increased to 79.5%, as compared to 77.3% for the
same period in 2010, or a favorable net increase of 220 basis points. 216 basis
points of the favorable net increase related to circumstances surrounding Herbalife Venezuela and
Venezuelas highly inflationary economy, the circumstances of
which are described in great detail
throughout our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010, or the 2010 10-K. Specifically, the 216 basis point increase resulted from the
combination of (i) 206 favorable basis points from recognizing an unfavorable foreign exchange
impact of $12.7 million during the first quarter 2010, relating to the incremental U.S. dollar cost
of importing finished goods into Venezuela at the unfavorable parallel market rate rather than the
CADIVI official rate, and (ii) 10 favorable basis points from the impact of remeasuring Herbalife
Venezuelas Bolivar net sales at the SITME rate during the first quarter 2011, as opposed to being
measured at the less favorable old parallel market rate during the first quarter 2010. See
Liquidity and Capital Resources Working Capital and
Operating Activities below for
further discussion on currency exchange rate issues in Venezuela. We
believe that at least in the near term we will continue
to have the ability to partially mitigate certain cost pressures through improved optimization of
our supply chain coupled with select increases in the retail prices of our products.
Royalty Overrides
Royalty overrides were $264.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011, as compared
to $207.3 million for the same period in 2010. Royalty overrides as a percentage of net sales was
33.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2011, as compared to 33.5% for the same period in 2010.
Generally, this ratio varies slightly from period to period due to changes in the mix of products
and countries because full royalty overrides are not paid on certain products and in certain
countries. Compensation to our full-time sales employees and licensed business providers in China
is included in selling, general and administrative expenses as opposed to royalty overrides where
it is included for all other distributors under our worldwide marketing plan. We anticipate
fluctuations in royalty overrides as a percentage of net sales reflecting the growth prospect of
our China business relative to that of our worldwide business.
26
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $244.5 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2011, as compared to $206.9 million for the same period in 2010. Selling, general and
administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales was 30.8% for the three months ended March 31,
2011, as compared to 33.4% for the same period in 2010.
The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March
31, 2011 included $16.5 million in higher salaries, bonuses and benefits, excluding China sales
employees; higher variable expenses including $12.1 million in higher distributor promotion and
event costs, $5.6 million in higher expenses related to China sales employees and licensed business
providers, $2.3 million in higher credit card fees and $5.6 million in higher non-income tax
expense; partially offset by lower foreign exchange losses of $10.3 million mainly due to a $11.4 million net foreign exchange loss
related to Venezuela that was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2010.
Net Interest Expense
Net interest expense is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
March 31, |
|
Net Interest Expense |
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(Dollars in millions) |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
3.3 |
|
|
|
2.4 |
|
Interest income |
|
|
(0.7 |
) |
|
|
(0.5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net interest expense |
|
$ |
2.6 |
|
|
$ |
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The increase in net interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to
the same period in 2010 was primarily due to the write-off of unamortized deferred financing cost
related to the extinguishment of our Prior Credit Facility. See Liquidity and Capital Resources
below for further discussion of the refinancing.
Income Taxes
Income taxes were $33.2 million for the three month ended March 31, 2011, as compared to $10.1
million for the same period in 2010. As a percentage of pre-tax income, the effective income tax
rate was 27.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2011, as compared to 16.3% for the same period
in 2010. The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2011, as
compared to the same period in 2010, was primarily due to the conversion of Venezuela to a
hyperinflationary currency in 2010, for which a $14.5 million deferred
income tax benefit was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2010, as well as a change in the operating effective rate
reflecting changes in the country mix. See Note 12, Income Taxes, in
the notes to the consolidated financial statements in the 2010 10-K
for additional discussion on the income tax impact related to
Venezuela becoming a highly inflationary economy.
Subsequent Events
On April 28, 2011, our shareholders approved a 2-for-1 split of our common shares.
One additional common share will be distributed to our shareholders on or around May 17,
2011, for each common share held on May 10, 2011.
On May 2, 2011, we announced that our board of directors approved a post stock split
cash dividend of $0.20 per common share, payable on June 7, 2011 to shareholders of record as of
May 24, 2011.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have historically met our working capital and capital expenditure requirements, including
funding for expansion of operations, through net cash flows provided by operating activities. Our
principal source of liquidity is our operating cash flows. Variations in sales of our products
would directly affect the availability of funds. There are no material contractual restrictions on
the ability to transfer and remit funds among our international affiliated companies. However, as
discussed below there are foreign currency restrictions in Venezuela. As noted above, we have
historically met our funding needs utilizing cash flow from operating activities and we believe we
will have sufficient resources to meet debt service obligations in a timely manner. Our existing
debt has not resulted from the need to fund our normal operations, but instead has effectively
resulted from our share repurchase and dividend activities over recent years, which together, since
the inception of these programs in 2007, amounted to approximately
$935.6 million. While a
significant net sales decline
could potentially affect the availability of funds, many of our largest expenses are purely
variable in nature, which we believe protects our funding in all but a dramatic net sales downturn.
Further, as discussed in greater detail below, we maintain a revolving credit facility, recently
executed on March 9, 2011, which had $520.0 million of undrawn capacity as of March 31, 2011.
27
For the three months ended March 31, 2011, we generated $107.5 million of operating cash flow,
as compared to $87.4 million for the same period in 2010. The increase in cash generated from
operations was primarily due to an increase in operating income of $59.4 million driven by a 28.5%
growth in net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2011 as compared to the same period in
2010.
Capital expenditures, including capital leases, for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and
2010, were $28.3 million and $11.6 million, respectively. The majority of these expenditures
represented investments in management information systems, the development of our distributor
internet initiatives, and the expansion of our warehouse, sales centers and manufacturing
facilities domestically and internationally. We expect to incur total capital expenditures of
approximately $80 million to $90 million for all of 2011.
On March 9, 2011, we entered into a $700.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, or the New
Credit Facility, with a syndicate of financial institutions as lenders and terminated its prior senior secured
credit facility, or the Prior Credit Facility, that consisted of a term loan and a revolving credit facility. The
New Credit Facility has a five year maturity and expires on March 9, 2016. During March 2011,
U.S. dollar borrowings under the New Credit Facility incurred interest at the base rate plus a margin of
0.75% or LIBOR plus a margin of 1.75%. After March 2011, based on our consolidated leverage ratio, U.S.
dollar borrowings under the New Credit Facility will bear interest at either LIBOR plus the applicable
margin between 1.50% and 2.50% or the base rate plus the applicable margin between 0.50% and 1.50%.
We, based on our consolidated leverage ratio, will pay a commitment fee between 0.25% and 0.50% per
annum on the unused portion of the New Credit Facility. The New
Credit Facility also permits us to borrow limited amounts in Mexican Peso and Euro currencies based on
variable rates. The base rate under the New Credit Facility represents the highest of the Federal Funds
Rate plus 0.50%, one-month LIBOR plus 1.00%, and the prime rate offered by Bank of America.
In March 2011, we used $196.0 million in U.S. dollar borrowings under the New Credit Facility to repay all amounts outstanding under the Prior Credit Facility. We incurred approximately
$5.5 million of debt issuance costs in connection with the New Credit Facility. These debt issuance costs
were recorded as deferred financing costs on our condensed consolidated balance sheet and are being
amortized over the term of the New Credit Facility. On March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the
weighted average interest rate for borrowings under the New Credit Facility and the Prior Credit Facility was 1.99% and 1.75%, respectively.
The New Credit Facility requires us to comply with a leverage ratio and an interest coverage
ratio. In addition, the New Credit Facility contains customary covenants, including covenants that
limit or restrict our ability to incur liens, incur indebtedness, make investments, dispose of
assets, make certain restricted payments, pay dividends, merge or consolidate and enter into
certain transactions with affiliates. As of March 31, 2011, we were in compliance with these
covenants.
During the three months ended March 31, 2011, we borrowed $235.7 million and $54.0 million
under the New Credit Facility and the Prior Credit Facility, respectively, and paid a total of
$55.7 million and $228.9 million of the New Credit Facility and Prior Credit Facility,
respectively.
The following summarizes our contractual obligations including interest at March 31, 2011, and
the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments Due by Period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 & |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2012 2013 |
|
|
2014 2015 |
|
|
Thereafter |
|
|
|
(Dollars in millions) |
|
Borrowings under the senior credit
facility, including expected interest |
|
$ |
197.8 |
|
|
$ |
2.7 |
|
|
$ |
7.2 |
|
|
$ |
7.2 |
|
|
$ |
180.7 |
|
Capital leases, including expected interest |
|
|
2.7 |
|
|
|
1.6 |
|
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating leases |
|
|
168.4 |
|
|
|
31.9 |
|
|
|
65.8 |
|
|
|
43.0 |
|
|
|
27.7 |
|
Other |
|
|
16.5 |
|
|
|
6.5 |
|
|
|
10.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
385.4 |
|
|
$ |
42.7 |
|
|
$ |
84.1 |
|
|
$ |
50.2 |
|
|
$ |
208.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
At March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, we had no material off-balance sheet arrangements as
defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K.
28
Dividends
The declaration of future dividends is subject to the discretion of our board of directors and
will depend upon various factors, including our earnings, financial condition, restrictions imposed
by the New Credit Facility, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors deemed relevant
by our board of directors. The New Credit Facility permits payments of dividends as long as no
default or event of default exists and the consolidated leverage
ratio specified in the New Credit Facility is not exceeded.
On February 22, 2011, we announced that our board of directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 per
common share in an aggregate amount of $14.8 million that was paid to shareholders on March 22,
2011. The aggregate amount of dividends declared and paid during the three months ended March 31,
2011 and 2010 were $14.8 million and $12.1 million, respectively.
Share Repurchases
On April 30, 2009, we announced that our board of directors authorized a new program for us to
repurchase up to $300 million of Herbalife common shares during the next two years, at such times
and prices as determined by management. On May 3, 2010, our board of directors approved an increase
to the share repurchase authorization from $300 million to $1 billion. In addition, our board of
directors approved the extension of the expiration date of the share repurchase program from April
2011 to December 2014. We did not repurchase any common shares
in the open market during the three months ended March
31, 2011. As of March 31, 2011, the remaining authorized capacity under our share repurchase
program was approximately $776.7 million.
Stock Split
On February 18, 2011, our Board of Directors approved a two-for-one split of our common
shares, subject to approval by our shareholders at our Annual General Meeting of Shareholders held
on April 28, 2011. See Note 14, Subsequent Events, to the
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial
Statements for further information on the stock split being approved by our shareholders on April
28, 2011.
Working Capital and Operating Activities
As
of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, we had positive
working capital of $210.9 million,
and $124.8 million, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents were $260.8 million at March 31, 2011
and $190.6 million at December 31, 2010.
We expect that cash and funds provided from operations and available borrowings under our
revolving credit facility will provide sufficient working capital to operate our business, to make
expected capital expenditures and to meet foreseeable liquidity requirements, including amounts outstanding under our
New Credit Facility, for the next
twelve months.
The majority of our purchases from suppliers are generally made in U.S. dollars, while sales
to our distributors generally are made in local currencies. Consequently, strengthening of the U.S.
dollar versus a foreign currency can have a negative impact on net sales and operating margins and
can generate transaction losses on intercompany transactions. For discussion of our foreign
exchange contracts and other hedging arrangements, see Part I, Item 3 Quantitative and
Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Venezuela
Currency Restrictions
Currency restrictions enacted by the Venezuelan government in 2003 have become more
restrictive and have impacted the ability of our subsidiary in Venezuela, Herbalife Venezuela, to
obtain U.S. dollars in exchange for Venezuelan Bolivars, or Bolivars, at the official foreign
exchange rates from the Venezuelan government and its foreign exchange commission, CADIVI. The
application and approval processes have been intermittently delayed and the timing and ability to
obtain U.S. dollars at the official exchange rates remain uncertain. In certain instances, we have
made appropriate applications through CADIVI for approval to obtain U.S. dollars so that Herbalife
Venezuela can pay for imported products and an annual dividend at the official exchange rate. As an alternative
exchange mechanism, we have also participated in certain bond offerings from the Venezuelan government and from
Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. or PDVSA, a Venezuelan state-owned petroleum company, where we effectively purchased
bonds with our Bolivars and then sold the bonds for U.S. dollars. In
other instances, we used a legal but less favorable parallel market mechanism for currency
exchange. In May 2010, this less favorable parallel market was discontinued.
29
In June 2010, the Venezuelan government introduced additional regulations under a new
regulated system, SITME, which is controlled by the Central Bank of Venezuela. SITME provides a
mechanism to exchange Bolivars into U.S. dollars through the
purchase and sale of U.S. dollar denominated bonds issued in Venezuela. However, SITME is only
available in certain limited circumstances. Specifically, SITME can only be used for product
purchases and is not available for other matters such as the payment of dividends. Also, SITME can
only be used for amounts of up to $50,000 per day and $350,000 per month and is generally only
available to the extent the applicant has not exchanged and received U.S. dollars via the CADIVI
process within the previous 90 days.
In late December 2010, Venezuela announced that the CADIVI official exchange rate of 2.6
Bolivars per U.S. dollar would be eliminated and the CADIVI official exchange of 4.3 Bolivars per
U.S. dollar would be used for all essential items and non-essential items beginning January 2011.
This devaluation did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
At March 31, 2011, we used the SITME rate of 5.3 Bolivars per U.S. dollar for
remeasurement purposes.
In February 2011, Herbalife Venezuela purchased U.S. dollar denominated bonds with a face value of $20 million U.S. dollars
in a bond offering from PDVSA for 86 million Bolivars and then immediately sold the bonds for $15 million U.S. dollars,
resulting in an average effective conversion rate of 5.7 Bolivars per U.S. dollar. The 86 million Bolivars were previously remeasured
at the regulated system rate, or SITME rate, of 5.3 Bolivars per U.S. dollar and recorded as cash and cash
equivalents of $16.3 million on our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2010. This Bolivar to
U.S. dollar conversion resulted in us recording a net pre-tax loss of $1.3 million U.S. dollars in our condensed
consolidated statement of income for the three months ended March 31, 2011.
See the 2010 10-K for further information on Herbalife Venezuela and Venezuelas
high inflationary economy.
Consolidation of Herbalife Venezuela
We plan to continue our operation in Venezuela and to import products into Venezuela despite
the foreign currency constraints. Herbalife Venezuela will continue to apply for legal exchange
mechanisms to convert its Bolivars to U.S. dollars. Despite the currency exchange restrictions in
Venezuela, we continue to control Herbalife Venezuela and its operations. The mere existence of the
exchange restrictions discussed above does not in and of itself create a presumption that this lack
of exchangeability is other-than-temporary, nor does it create a presumption that an entity should
deconsolidate its Venezuelan operations. Therefore, we continue to consolidate Herbalife Venezuela
in our consolidated financial statements for U.S. GAAP purposes. Substantially all of Herbalife
Venezuelas Bolivar denominated assets and liabilities are currently being remeasured at the SITME
rate.
Although there are delays in the CADIVI approval process, when applicable, we plan to continue
applying to CADIVI to obtain the official rate relating to the importation of our
products. In addition, we plan to utilize the SITME market to the extent allowable under current
restrictions in order to exchange Bolivars to U.S. dollars. Our ability to access the official
exchange rate and the SITME rate could impact what exchange rates will be used for remeasurement
purposes in future periods. We continue to assess and monitor the current economic and political
environment in Venezuela.
As of March 31, 2011, Herbalife Venezuelas net monetary Bolivar denominated assets and
liabilities were approximately $9.0 million, and included approximately $13.1 million in Bolivar
denominated cash and cash equivalents and approximately $4.8 million in U.S. dollar denominated
cash. The majority of these Bolivar denominated assets and liabilities were remeasured at the
regulated SITME rate. Although Venezuela is an important market in our South and Central
America Region, Herbalife Venezuelas net sales represented less
than 2% of our consolidated net sales for both the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010
and its total assets represented less than 3% of our consolidated total assets
as of both March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
Contingencies
We are from time to time engaged in routine litigation. We regularly review all pending
litigation matters in which we are involved and establish reserves deemed appropriate by management
for these litigation matters when a probable loss estimate can be made.
As a marketer of dietary and nutritional supplements and other products that are ingested by
consumers or applied to their bodies, we have been and are currently subjected to various product
liability claims. The effects of these claims to date have not been material to us, and the
reasonably possible range of exposure on currently existing claims is not material to us. We
believe that we have meritorious defenses to the allegations contained in the lawsuits. We
currently maintain product liability insurance with an annual deductible of $10 million.
On April 16, 2007, Herbalife International of America, Inc. filed a Complaint in the United
States District Court for the Central District of California against certain former Herbalife
distributors who had left the Company to join a competitor. The Complaint alleged breach of
contract, misappropriation of trade secrets, intentional interference with prospective economic
advantage, intentional interference with contract, unfair competition, constructive trust and fraud
and seeks monetary damages, attorneys fees and injunctive relief (Herbalife International of
America, Inc. v. Robert E. Ford, et al). The court entered a Preliminary Injunction against the
defendants enjoining them from further use and/or misappropriation of our trade secrets on December
11, 2007. Defendants appealed the courts entry of the Preliminary Injunction to the U.S. Court of
Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. That court affirmed, in relevant part, the Preliminary Injunction.
On December 3, 2007, the defendants filed a counterclaim alleging that the Company had engaged in
unfair and deceptive business practices, intentional and negligent interference with prospective
economic advantage, false advertising and that the Company was an endless chain scheme in violation
of California law and seeking restitution, contract rescission and an
injunction. Both sides engaged in discovery and filed cross motions for Summary Judgment. On
August 25, 2009, the court granted partial summary judgment for Herbalife on all of defendants
claims except the claim that the Company is an endless chain scheme which under applicable law is a
question of fact that can only be determined at trial. The court denied defendants motion for
Summary Judgment on Herbalifes claims for misappropriation of trade secrets and breach of
contract. On May 5, 2010, the District Court granted summary judgment for Herbalife on defendants
endless chain-scheme counterclaim. Herbalife voluntarily dismissed its remaining claims, and on May
14, 2010, the District Court issued a final judgment dismissing all of the parties claims. On June
10, 2010 the defendants appealed from that judgment and on June 21, 2010, Herbalife cross-appealed.
The parties have reached a settlement of the case which they are in
the process of documenting. Herbalife will incur no financial
liability in this settlement.
30
Certain of our subsidiaries have been subject to tax audits by governmental authorities in
their respective countries. In certain of these tax audits, governmental authorities are proposing
that significant amounts of additional taxes and related interest and penalties are due. We and our
tax advisors believe that there are substantial defenses to their allegations that additional taxes
are owed, and we are vigorously contesting the additional proposed taxes and related charges. On
May 7, 2010, we received an administrative assessment from the Mexican Tax Administration Service
in an amount equivalent to approximately $96 million, translated at the period ended spot rate, for
various items, the majority of which was Value Added Tax allegedly owed on certain of the Companys
products imported into Mexico during the years 2005 and 2006. This assessment is subject to
interest and inflationary adjustments. On July 8, 2010, we initiated a formal administrative appeal
process. In connection with the appeal of the assessment, we may be required to post bonds for some
or all of the assessed amount. Therefore, in July 2010, we entered into agreements with certain
insurance companies to allow for the potential issuance of surety bonds in support of its appeal of
the assessment. Such surety bonds, if issued, would not affect the availability of our New Credit
Facility. We did not record a provision as we, based on analysis and guidance from our advisors, do
not believe a loss is probable. Further, we are currently unable to reasonably estimate a possible
loss or range of loss that could result from an unfavorable outcome in respect to this assessment
or any additional assessments that may be issued for these or other periods. We believe that we
have meritorious defenses and are vigorously pursuing the appeal, but final resolution of this
matter could take several years.
These matters may take several years to resolve. While we believe we have meritorious
defenses, it cannot be sure of their ultimate resolution. Although we have reserved amounts for
certain matters that we believe represent the most likely outcome of the resolution of these
related disputes, if we are incorrect in the assessment, we may have to record additional expenses,
when it becomes probable that an increased potential liability is warranted.
Critical Accounting Policies
U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the year. We regularly
evaluate our estimates and assumptions related to revenue recognition, allowance for product
returns, inventory reserves, share-based compensation expense, goodwill and purchased intangible
asset valuations, deferred income tax asset valuation allowances, uncertain tax positions, tax
contingencies, and other loss contingencies. We base our estimates and assumptions on current
facts, historical experience and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the
circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values
of assets and liabilities and the recording of revenue, costs and expenses. Actual results could
differ from those estimates. We consider the following policies to be most critical in
understanding the judgments that are involved in preparing the financial statements and the
uncertainties that could impact our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
We are a network marketing company that sells a wide range of weight management products,
nutritional supplements, energy, sports & fitness products and personal care products within one
industry segment as defined under Financial Accounting Standard Board, or FASB, Accounting
Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 280, Segment Reporting. Our products are manufactured by
third party providers and manufactured in our Suzhou, China facility, and in our manufacturing
facility located in Lake Forest, California, and then are sold to independent distributors who sell
Herbalife products to retail consumers or other distributors. As of March 31, 2011, we sold
products in 75 countries throughout the world and we are organized and managed by geographic
region. We have elected to aggregate our operating segments into one reporting segment, except
China, as management believes that our operating segments have similar operating characteristics
and similar long term operating performance. In making this determination, management believes that
the operating segments are similar in the nature of the products sold, the product acquisition
process, the types of customers to whom products are sold, the methods used to distribute the
products, and the nature of the regulatory environment.
31
Revenue is recognized when products are shipped and title and risk of loss passes to the
independent distributor or importer or as
products are sold in our retail stores in China. Sales are recognized on a net sales basis,
which reflects product returns, net of discounts referred to as distributor allowances, and
amounts billed for shipping and handling costs. We generally receive the net sales price in cash or
through credit card payments at the point of sale. Related royalty overrides and allowances for
product returns are recorded when revenue is recognized.
Allowances for product returns, primarily in connection with our buyback program, are provided
at the time the product is shipped. This accrual is based upon historical return rates for each
country and the relevant return pattern, which reflects anticipated returns to be received over a
period of up to 12 months following the original sale. Historically, product returns and buybacks
have not been significant. Product returns and buybacks were approximately 0.4% of retail sales for
both the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010.
We record reserves against our inventory to provide for estimated obsolete or unsalable
inventory based on assumptions regarding future demand for our products and market conditions. If
future demand and market conditions are less favorable than managements assumptions, additional
reserves could be required. Likewise, favorable future demand and market conditions could
positively impact future operating results if previously reserved for inventory is sold. We
reserved for obsolete and slow moving inventory totaling
$10.6 million and $9.4 million as of March
31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
In accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, property, plant, and
equipment, and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be
recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the
carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by
the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an
impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the
fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance
sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no
longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale
would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet.
Goodwill and marketing related intangible assets not subject to amortization are tested
annually for impairment, and are tested for impairment more frequently if events and circumstances
indicate that the asset might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the
carrying amount exceeds the assets fair value. In order to estimate the fair value of goodwill, we
primarily use the discounted cash flow model, known as the income approach. The determination of
impairment is made at the reporting unit level and consists of two steps. First, we determine the
fair value of a reporting unit and compare it to its carrying amount. Second, if the carrying
amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess
of the carrying amount of the reporting units goodwill and other intangibles over the implied fair
value. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a similar manner as how the amount of
goodwill recognized in a business combination is determined, in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 805,
Business Combinations. We would assign the fair value of a reporting unit to all of the assets and
liabilities of that reporting unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business
combination and the fair value of the reporting unit was the price paid to acquire the reporting
unit. The excess of the fair value of a reporting unit over the amounts assigned to its assets and
liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. As of March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, we
had goodwill of approximately $102.9 million for both periods, and marketing related intangible
assets of approximately $310.0 million for both periods No marketing related intangibles or
goodwill impairment was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010.
Contingencies are accounted for in accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 450, Contingencies, or
ASC 450. ASC 450 requires that we record an estimated loss from a loss contingency when information
available prior to issuance of our financial statements indicates that it is probable that an asset
has been impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of the financial statements and the
amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Accounting for contingencies such as legal and
income tax matters requires us to use judgment related to both the likelihood of a loss and the
estimate of the amount or range of loss. Many of these legal and tax contingencies can take years
to be resolved. Generally, as the time period increases over which the uncertainties are resolved,
the likelihood of changes to the estimate of the ultimate outcome increases.
32
Deferred income tax assets have been established for net operating loss carryforwards of
certain foreign subsidiaries and have been reduced by a valuation allowance to reflect them at
amounts estimated to be ultimately realized. The net operating loss carryforwards expire in varying
amounts over a future period of time. Realization of the income tax carryforwards is dependent on
generating sufficient taxable income prior to expiration of the carryforwards. Although realization
is not assured, we believe it is more likely than not that the net carrying value of the income tax
carryforwards will be realized. The amount of the income tax carryforwards that is considered
realizable, however, could change if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward
period are adjusted. In the
ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the tax
law and ultimate tax determination is uncertain. As part of the process of preparing our
consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the
jurisdictions in which we operate prior to the completion and filing of tax returns for such
periods. This process requires estimating both our geographic mix of income and our uncertain tax
positions in each jurisdiction where we operate. These estimates involve complex issues and require
us to make judgments about the likely application of the tax law to our situation, as well as with
respect to other matters, such as anticipating the positions that we will take on tax returns prior
to our actually preparing the returns and the outcomes of disputes with tax authorities. The
ultimate resolution of these issues may take extended periods of time due to examinations by tax
authorities and statutes of limitations. In addition, changes in our business, including
acquisitions, changes in our international corporate structure, changes in the geographic location
of business functions or assets, changes in the geographic mix and amount of income, as well as
changes in our agreements with tax authorities, valuation allowances, applicable accounting rules,
applicable tax laws and regulations, rulings and interpretations thereof, developments in tax audit
and other matters, and variations in the estimated and actual level of annual pre-tax income can
affect the overall effective income tax rate.
We account for uncertain tax positions in accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 740, Income
Taxes, or ASC 740, which provides guidance on the determination of how tax benefits claimed or
expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under ASC
740, we must recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely
than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on
the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from
such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent
likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution.
We account for share-based compensation in accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 718,
Compensation-Stock Compensation, or ASC 718. Under the fair value recognition provisions of this
statement, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the value of the
award and is recognized as an expense over the vesting period. Determining the fair value of
share-based awards at the grant date requires judgment, including estimating our stock price
volatility and employee stock award exercise behaviors. Our expected volatility is based upon the
historical volatility of our common shares and, due to the limited period of public trading data
for our common shares, it is also validated against the volatility of a company peer group. The
expected life of awards is based on the simple average of the average vesting period and the life
of the award, or the simplified method. As share-based compensation expense recognized in the
Statements of Income is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, the amount of expense has been
reduced for estimated forfeitures. ASC 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of
grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those
estimates. If actual forfeitures differ from estimates, additional expense or reversal of previous
expense are recorded. Forfeitures were estimated based on historical experience.
We account for foreign currency transactions in accordance with ASC Topic 830, Foreign
Currency Matters. In a majority of the countries where we operate, the functional currency is the
local currency. Our foreign subsidiaries asset and liability accounts are translated for
consolidated financial reporting purposes into U.S. dollar amounts at year-end exchange rates.
Revenue and expense accounts are translated at the average rates during the year. Our foreign
exchange translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on our
accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses and foreign
currency remeasurements are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the
accompanying consolidated statements of income.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to market risks, which arise during the normal course of business from changes
in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. On a selected basis, we use derivative
financial instruments to manage or hedge these risks. All hedging transactions are authorized and
executed pursuant to written guidelines and procedures.
We have adopted FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or ASC 815, which established
accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative
instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. All derivatives, whether
designated in hedging relationships or not, are required to be recorded on the balance sheet at
fair value. If the derivative is designated as a fair-value hedge, the changes in the fair value of
the derivative and the underlying hedged item are recognized concurrently in earnings. If the
derivative is designated as a cash-flow hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative are
recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) and are recognized in the consolidated statements of
income when the hedged item affects earnings. ASC 815 defines the requirements for designation and
documentation of hedging relationships as well as ongoing effectiveness assessments in order to use
hedge accounting. For a derivative that does not qualify as a hedge, changes in fair value are
recognized concurrently in earnings.
A discussion of our primary market risk exposures and derivatives is presented below.
33
Foreign Exchange Risk
We transact business globally and are subject to risks associated with changes in foreign
exchange rates. Our objective is to minimize the impact to earnings and cash flow fluctuations
associated with foreign exchange rate fluctuations. We enter into foreign exchange derivatives in
the ordinary course of business primarily to reduce exposure to currency fluctuations attributable
to intercompany transactions, translation of local currency revenue, inventory purchases subject to
foreign currency exposure, and to partially mitigate the impact of foreign currency rate
fluctuations. Due to the recent significant volatility in the foreign exchange market, our current
strategy, in general, is to hedge some of the significant exposures on a short-term basis. We will
continue to monitor the foreign exchange market and evaluate our hedging strategy accordingly. With
the exception of our foreign exchange forward contracts relating to forecasted inventory purchases
and intercompany management fees as discussed below in this section, all of our foreign exchange
contracts are designated as free standing derivatives for which hedge accounting does not apply.
The changes in the fair market value of the derivatives not qualifying as cash flow hedges are
included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of income.
The foreign exchange forward contracts designated as free standing derivatives are used to
hedge advances between subsidiaries and to partially mitigate the impact of foreign currency
fluctuations. Foreign exchange average rate option contracts are also used to mitigate the impact
of foreign currency rate fluctuations. The objective of these contracts is to neutralize the impact
of foreign currency movements on the operating results of our subsidiaries. The fair value of
forward and option contracts is based on third-party bank quotes.
We also purchase foreign currency forward contracts in order to hedge forecasted inventory
purchases and intercompany management fees that are designated as cash-flow hedges and are subject
to foreign currency exposures. We applied the hedge accounting rules as required by ASC 815 for
these hedges. These contracts allow us to sell Euros in exchange for U.S. dollars at specified
contract rates. As of March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the aggregate notional amounts of
these contracts outstanding were approximately $21.6 million and $32.1 million, respectively. At
March 31, 2011, the outstanding contracts were expected to mature over the next nine months. Our
derivative financial instruments are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value based
on quoted market rates. For the forecasted inventory purchases, the forward contracts are used to
hedge forecasted inventory purchases over specific months. Changes in the fair value of these
forward contracts, excluding forward points, designated as cash-flow hedges are recorded as a
component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within shareholders equity, and are
recognized in cost of sales in the consolidated statement of income during the period which
approximates the time the hedged inventory is sold. We also hedge forecasted intercompany
management fees over specific months. Changes in the fair value of these forward contracts
designated as cash flow hedges are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss
within shareholders equity, and are recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses in
the consolidated statement of income in the period when the hedged item and underlying transaction
affects earnings. As of March 31, 2011, we recorded liabilities at fair value of $2.1
million relating to all outstanding foreign currency contracts designated as cash-flow hedges. As
of December 31, 2010, we recorded assets at fair value of $0.6 million and liabilities at
fair value of $0.8 million relating to all outstanding foreign currency contracts designated as
cash-flow hedges. We assess hedge effectiveness and measures hedge ineffectiveness at least
quarterly. During the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, the ineffective portion relating
to these hedges was immaterial and the hedges remained effective as of March 31, 2011.
As of March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the majority of our outstanding foreign currency
forward contracts had maturity dates of less than nine months with the majority of freestanding
derivatives expiring within two months. There were no foreign currency option contracts outstanding
as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
The following table provides information about the details of our foreign exchange forward
contracts:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair |
|
|
|
Contract |
|
|
Notional |
|
|
Value |
|
Foreign Currency |
|
Rate |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Gain (Loss) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions) |
|
|
(In millions) |
|
At March 31, 2011 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buy BRL sell USD |
|
|
1.69 |
|
|
$ |
5.9 |
|
|
$ |
0.2 |
|
Buy CLP sell EUR |
|
|
685.00 |
|
|
$ |
0.3 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy EUR sell ARS |
|
|
5.72 |
|
|
$ |
0.7 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy EUR sell AUD |
|
|
1.42 |
|
|
$ |
0.6 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy EUR sell CLP |
|
|
681.97 |
|
|
$ |
0.9 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy EUR sell GBP |
|
|
0.88 |
|
|
$ |
2.5 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy EUR sell JPY |
|
|
112.68 |
|
|
$ |
2.2 |
|
|
$ |
0.1 |
|
34
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair |
|
|
|
Contract |
|
|
Notional |
|
|
Value |
|
Foreign Currency |
|
Rate |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Gain (Loss) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions) |
|
|
(In millions) |
|
Buy EUR sell MXN |
|
|
16.65 |
|
|
$ |
23.6 |
|
|
$ |
0.3 |
|
Buy EUR sell MYR |
|
|
4.29 |
|
|
$ |
1.0 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy EUR sell RUB |
|
|
40.33 |
|
|
$ |
1.7 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy EUR sell USD |
|
|
1.37 |
|
|
$ |
81.6 |
|
|
$ |
2.7 |
|
Buy EUR sell ZAR |
|
|
9.88 |
|
|
$ |
0.9 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy GBP sell EUR |
|
|
0.87 |
|
|
$ |
3.2 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy GBP sell ILS |
|
|
5.74 |
|
|
$ |
1.4 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy GBP sell USD |
|
|
1.61 |
|
|
$ |
6.3 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy INR sell USD |
|
|
45.53 |
|
|
$ |
0.8 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy JPY sell EUR |
|
|
115.81 |
|
|
$ |
0.3 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy JPY sell USD |
|
|
81.50 |
|
|
$ |
9.8 |
|
|
$ |
(0.2 |
) |
Buy KRW sell USD |
|
|
1,125.00 |
|
|
$ |
14.2 |
|
|
$ |
0.3 |
|
Buy MXN sell EUR |
|
|
16.65 |
|
|
$ |
4.7 |
|
|
$ |
(0.1 |
) |
Buy MXN sell USD |
|
|
12.16 |
|
|
$ |
1.0 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy MYR sell EUR |
|
|
4.28 |
|
|
$ |
0.2 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy MYR sell USD |
|
|
3.07 |
|
|
$ |
12.3 |
|
|
$ |
0.2 |
|
Buy PEN sell USD |
|
|
2.81 |
|
|
$ |
5.5 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy RUB sell USD |
|
|
28.40 |
|
|
$ |
0.7 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy USD sell BRL |
|
|
1.69 |
|
|
$ |
17.2 |
|
|
$ |
(0.5 |
) |
Buy USD sell COP |
|
|
1,905.21 |
|
|
$ |
4.2 |
|
|
$ |
(0.1 |
) |
Buy USD sell EUR |
|
|
1.37 |
|
|
$ |
65.9 |
|
|
$ |
(2.2 |
) |
Buy USD sell GBP |
|
|
1.60 |
|
|
$ |
6.6 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy USD sell INR |
|
|
45.48 |
|
|
$ |
4.4 |
|
|
$ |
(0.1 |
) |
Buy USD sell JPY |
|
|
81.19 |
|
|
$ |
2.5 |
|
|
$ |
0.1 |
|
Buy USD sell KRW |
|
|
1,123.70 |
|
|
$ |
0.9 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy USD sell MXN |
|
|
12.04 |
|
|
$ |
1.7 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy USD sell MYR |
|
|
3.06 |
|
|
$ |
0.9 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy USD sell PHP |
|
|
43.60 |
|
|
$ |
3.2 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy USD sell RUB |
|
|
29.36 |
|
|
$ |
1.3 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy USD sell ZAR |
|
|
7.07 |
|
|
$ |
0.8 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy ZAR sell EUR |
|
|
9.92 |
|
|
$ |
0.7 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Buy ZAR sell USD |
|
|
7.01 |
|
|
$ |
0.2 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total forward contracts |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
292.8 |
|
|
$ |
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Most of our foreign subsidiaries designate their local currencies as their functional
currencies. At March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total amount of our foreign subsidiary
cash was $245.6 million and $188.2 million, respectively, of which $21.3 million and $5.8 million,
respectively, was invested in U.S. dollars.
Currency restrictions enacted by the Venezuelan government in 2003 have become more
restrictive and have impacted the ability of our subsidiary in Venezuela, or Herbalife Venezuela,
to obtain U.S. dollars in exchange for Venezuelan Bolivars, or Bolivars, at the official foreign
exchange rates from the Venezuelan government and its foreign exchange commission, CADIVI. The
application and approval processes have been intermittently delayed and the timing and ability to
obtain U.S. dollars at the official exchange rates remains uncertain. In certain instances, we have
made appropriate applications through CADIVI for approval to obtain U.S. dollars so that Herbalife
Venezuela can pay for imported products and an annual dividend, at the official exchange rate. As an alternative
exchange mechanism, we have also participated in certain bond offerings from the Venezuelan government and from
Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. or PDVSA, a Venezuelan state-owned petroleum company, where we effectively purchased
bonds with our Bolivars and then sold the bonds for U.S. dollars. In
other instances, we used a legal but less favorable parallel market mechanism for currency
exchange. In May 2010, this less favorable parallel market was discontinued.
In June 2010, the Venezuelan government introduced additional regulations under a newly
regulated system, SITME, which is controlled by the Central Bank of Venezuela. SITME provides a
mechanism to exchange Bolivars into U.S. dollars through the purchase and sale of U.S. dollar
denominated bonds issued in Venezuela. However, SITME is only available in certain limited
circumstances. Specifically, SITME can only be used for product purchases and it is not available
for other matters such as the payment of dividends. Also, SITME can only be used for amounts of up
to $50,000 per day and $350,000 per month and is generally only available to the extent that the
applicant has not exchanged and received U.S. dollars via the CADIVI process within the previous 90
days.
35
In late December 2010, Venezuela announced that the CADIVI official exchange rate of 2.6
Bolivars per U.S. dollar would be eliminated and the CADIVI official exchange of 4.3 Bolivars per
U.S. dollar would be used for all essential items and non-essential items beginning January 2011.
This devaluation did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
At March 31, 2011, we used the SITME rate of 5.3 Bolivars per U.S. dollar for
remeasurement purposes. See Part I, Item 2 Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations, for a further discussion on how the currency restrictions in
Venezuela have impacted Herbalife Venezuelas operations and Venezuelas high inflationary economy.
Interest Rate Risk
As of March 31, 2011, $180 million of borrowings under the New Credit Facility is expected to
mature and expire on March 9, 2016. The fair value of our senior secured credit facility
approximates the New Credit Facilitys carrying value of $180.0 million as of March 31, 2011 and
the Prior Credit Facilitys carrying value of $174.9 million as of December 31, 2010. The New
Credit Facility bears, and the Prior Credit Facility bore, a variable interest rate, and on March
31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the weighted average interest rate of the New Credit Facility and
the Prior Credit Facility was 1.99% and 1.75%, respectively.
During August 2009, we entered into four interest rate swap agreements with an effective date
of December 31, 2009. The agreements collectively provide for us to pay interest for less than a
four-year period at a weighted average fixed rate of 2.78% on notional amounts aggregating to
$140.0 million while receiving interest for the same period at the one month LIBOR rate on the same
notional amounts. These agreements will expire in July 2013. These swaps at inception were
designated as cash flow hedges against the variability in the LIBOR interest rate on our prior term
loan or against the variability in the LIBOR interest rate on the replacement debt. Our prior
term loan was terminated in March 2011 and refinanced with the New Credit Facility with a LIBOR
interest rate as discussed further in Note 3, Long-Term Debt,
to the Notes to Condensed Consolidated
Financial Statements. Our swaps remain effective and continue to be designated as cash flow
hedges against the variability in the LIBOR interest rate on the New Credit Facility at LIBOR plus
1.50% to 2.50%, thereby now fixing our weighted average effective rate on the notional amounts at
4.28% to 5.28%. There was no hedge ineffectiveness recorded as result of this refinancing event.
We formally assess, both at inception and at least quarterly thereafter, whether derivatives
used in hedging transactions are effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged item.
As of March 31, 2011, the hedge relationships qualified as effective hedges under the ASC 815.
Consequently, all changes in the fair value of the derivatives are deferred and recorded in other
comprehensive income (loss) until the related forecasted transactions are recognized in the
consolidated statements of income. As of March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the fair value of
the interest rate swap agreements are based on third-party bank quotes and we recorded the interest
rate swaps as a liability at fair value of $5.7 million and $6.6 million, respectively.
Item 4. Controls And Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, including our Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure
controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period
covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive
Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures
were effective as of March 31, 2011.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in our internal
control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange
Act) that occurred during the first quarter ended March 31, 2011 that have materially affected, or
are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
36
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This document contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements
for purposes of federal and state securities laws, including any projections of earnings, revenue
or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for
future operations; any statements concerning proposed new services or developments; any statements
regarding future economic conditions or performance; any statements of belief; and any statements
of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Forward-looking statements may include the words
may, will, estimate, intend, continue, believe, expect or anticipate and any other
similar words.
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in any of our forward-looking statements
are reasonable, actual results could differ materially from those projected or assumed in any of
our forward-looking statements. Our future financial condition and results of operations, as well
as any forward-looking statements, are subject to change and to inherent risks and uncertainties,
such as those disclosed or incorporated by reference in our filings with the Securities and
Exchange Commission. Important factors that could cause our actual results, performance and
achievements, or industry results to differ materially from estimates or projections contained in
our forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
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any collateral impact resulting from the ongoing worldwide financial crisis, including
the availability of liquidity to us, our customers and our suppliers or the willingness of
our customers to purchase products in a recessionary economic environment; |
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our relationship with, and our ability to influence the actions of, our distributors; |
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improper action by our employees or distributors in violation of applicable law; |
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adverse publicity associated with our products or network marketing organization; |
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changing consumer preferences and demands; |
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|
our reliance upon, or the loss or departure of any member of, our senior management team
which could negatively impact our distributor relations and operating results; |
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|
the competitive nature of our business; |
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regulatory matters governing our products, including potential governmental or regulatory
actions concerning the safety or efficacy of our products and network marketing program,
including the direct selling market in which we operate; |
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legal challenges to our network marketing program; |
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risks associated with operating internationally and the effect of economic factors,
including foreign exchange, inflation, disruptions or conflicts with our third party
importers, pricing and currency devaluation risks, especially in countries such as
Venezuela; |
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|
uncertainties relating to the application of transfer pricing, duties, value added taxes,
and other tax regulations, and changes thereto; |
|
|
|
|
uncertainties relating to interpretation and enforcement of recently enacted legislation
in China governing direct selling; |
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|
|
|
our inability to obtain the necessary licenses to expand our direct selling business in
China; |
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|
|
adverse changes in the Chinese economy, Chinese legal system or Chinese governmental
policies; |
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|
|
our dependence on increased penetration of existing markets; |
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|
|
contractual limitations on our ability to expand our business; |
|
|
|
|
our reliance on our information technology infrastructure and outside manufacturers; |
37
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|
|
the sufficiency of trademarks and other intellectual property rights; |
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|
|
product concentration; |
|
|
|
|
changes in tax laws, treaties or regulations, or their interpretation; |
|
|
|
|
taxation relating to our distributors; |
|
|
|
|
product liability claims; and |
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|
|
|
whether we will purchase any of our shares in the open markets or otherwise. |
Additional factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our
forward-looking statements are set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including under the
heading Risk Factors, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations and in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes.
Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date
hereof, and forward-looking statements in documents attached that are incorporated by reference
speak only as of the date of those documents. We do not undertake any obligation to update or
release any revisions to any forward-looking statement or to report any events or circumstances
after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by
law.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
See
discussion under Note 4, Contingencies, to the Notes to the
Condensed Consolidated Financial
Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is
incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
The worldwide financial and economic crisis could negatively impact our access to credit and the
sales of our products and could harm our financial condition and operating results.
We are closely monitoring various aspects of the current worldwide financial and economic
crisis and its potential impact on us, our liquidity, our access to capital, our operations and
our overall financial condition. While we have historically met our funding needs utilizing cash
flow from operating activities and while we believe we will have sufficient resources to meet
current debt service obligations in a timely manner, no assurances can be given that the current
overall downturn in the world economy will not significantly adversely impact us and our business
operations. We note economic and financial markets are fluid and we cannot ensure that there will
not be in the near future a material adverse deterioration in our sales or liquidity.
Our failure to establish and maintain distributor relationships for any reason could negatively
impact sales of our products and harm our financial condition and operating results.
We distribute our products exclusively through approximately 2.3 million independent
distributors, and we depend upon them directly for substantially all of our sales. To increase our
revenue, we must increase the number of, or the productivity of, our distributors. Accordingly, our
success depends in significant part upon our ability to recruit, retain and motivate a large base
of distributors. The loss of a significant number of distributors for any reason could negatively
impact sales of our products and could impair our ability to attract new distributors. In our
efforts to attract and retain distributors, we compete with other network marketing organizations,
including those in the weight management, dietary and nutritional supplement and personal care and
cosmetic product industries. Our operating results could be harmed if our existing and new business
opportunities and products do not generate sufficient interest to retain existing distributors and
attract new distributors.
38
Our distributor organization has a high turnover rate, which is a common characteristic found
in the direct selling industry. In light of this fact, we have our sales leaders re-qualify
annually in order to maintain a more accurate count of their numbers. For the latest twelve month
re-qualification period ending January 2011, approximately 49% of our sales leaders re-qualified.
Distributors who
purchase our product for personal consumption or for short-term income goals may stay with us
for several months to one year. Sales leaders who have committed time and effort to build a sales
organization will generally stay for longer periods. Distributors have highly variable levels of
training, skills and capabilities. The turnover rate of our distributors, and our operating
results, can be adversely impacted if we, and our senior distributor leadership, do not provide the
necessary mentoring, training and business support tools for new distributors to become successful
sales people in a short period of time.
We estimate that, of our approximately 2.3 million independent distributors, we had
approximately 368,000 sales leaders as of March 31, 2011. These sales leaders, together with their
downline sales organizations, account for substantially all of our revenues. Our distributors,
including our sales leaders, may voluntarily terminate their distributor agreements with us at any
time. The loss of a group of leading sales leaders, together with their downline sales
organizations, or the loss of a significant number of distributors for any reason, could negatively
impact sales of our products, impair our ability to attract new distributors and harm our financial
condition and operating results.
Since we cannot exert the same level of influence or control over our independent distributors as
we could were they our own employees, our distributors could fail to comply with our distributor
policies and procedures, which could result in claims against us that could harm our financial
condition and operating results.
Excluding our China sales employees, our distributors are independent contractors and,
accordingly, we are not in a position to directly provide the same direction, motivation and
oversight as we would if distributors were our own employees. As a result, there can be no
assurance that our distributors will participate in our marketing strategies or plans, accept our
introduction of new products, or comply with our distributor policies and procedures.
Extensive federal, state and local laws regulate our business, products and network marketing
program. Because we have expanded into foreign countries, our policies and procedures for our
independent distributors differ due to the different legal requirements of each country in which we
do business. While we have implemented distributor policies and procedures designed to govern
distributor conduct and to protect the goodwill associated with Herbalife trademarks and
tradenames, it can be difficult to enforce these policies and procedures because of the large
number of distributors and their independent status. Violations by our independent distributors of
applicable law or of our policies and procedures in dealing with customers could reflect negatively
on our products and operations and harm our business reputation. In addition, it is possible that a
court could hold us civilly or criminally accountable based on vicarious liability because of the
actions of our independent distributors.
Adverse publicity associated with our products, ingredients or network marketing program, or those
of similar companies, could harm our financial condition and operating results.
The size of our distribution force and the results of our operations may be significantly
affected by the publics perception of the Company and similar companies. This perception is
dependent upon opinions concerning:
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|
the safety and quality of our products and ingredients; |
|
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|
|
the safety and quality of similar products and ingredients distributed by other
companies; |
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|
our distributors; |
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|
our network marketing program; and |
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|
the direct selling business generally. |
Adverse publicity concerning any actual or purported failure of our Company or our independent
distributors to comply with applicable laws and regulations regarding product claims and
advertising, good manufacturing practices, the regulation of our network marketing program, the
licensing of our products for sale in our target markets or other aspects of our business, whether
or not resulting in enforcement actions or the imposition of penalties, could have an adverse
effect on the goodwill of our Company and could negatively affect our ability to attract, motivate
and retain distributors, which would negatively impact our ability to generate revenue. We cannot
ensure that all distributors will comply with applicable legal requirements relating to the
advertising, labeling, licensing or distribution of our products.
39
In addition, our distributors and consumers perception of the safety and quality of our
products and ingredients as well as similar
products and ingredients distributed by other companies can be significantly influenced by
media attention, publicized scientific research or findings, widespread product liability claims
and other publicity concerning our products or ingredients or similar products and ingredients
distributed by other companies. For example, in May 2008 public allegations were made that certain
of our products contain excessive amounts of lead thereby triggering disclosure and labeling
requirements under California Proposition 65. Following an investigation, these allegations were
publicly withdrawn by the allegations initiator. While we have confidence in our products because
they fall within FDA suggested guidelines as well as applicable state regulations for the amount of
lead that consumers can safely ingest and do not believe they trigger disclosure or labeling
requirements under California Proposition 65, negative publicity such as this can disrupt our
business. Adverse publicity, whether or not accurate or resulting from consumers use or misuse of
our products, that associates consumption of our products or ingredients or any similar products or
ingredients with illness or other adverse effects, questions the benefits of our or similar
products or claims that any such products are ineffective, inappropriately labeled or have
inaccurate instructions as to their use, could lead to lawsuits or other legal challenges and could
negatively impact our reputation, the market demand for our products, or our general business.
From time to time we receive inquiries from government agencies and third parties requesting
information concerning our products. We fully cooperate with these inquiries including, when
requested, by the submission of detailed technical dossiers addressing product composition,
manufacturing, process control, quality assurance, and contaminant testing. We understand that such
materials are undergoing review by regulators in certain markets. Further, we periodically respond
to requests from regulators for additional information regarding product-specific adverse events.
We are confident in the safety of our products when used as directed. However, there can be no
assurance that regulators in these or other markets will not take actions that might delay or
prevent the introduction of new products, or require the reformulation or the temporary or
permanent withdrawal of certain of our existing products from their markets.
Adverse publicity relating to us, our products or our operations, including our network
marketing program or the attractiveness or viability of the financial opportunities provided
thereby, has had, and could again have, a negative effect on our ability to attract, motivate and
retain distributors. In the mid-1980s, our products and marketing program became the subject of
regulatory scrutiny in the United States, resulting in large part from claims and representations
made about our products by our independent distributors, including impermissible therapeutic
claims. The resulting adverse publicity caused a rapid, substantial loss of distributors in the
United States and a corresponding reduction in sales beginning in 1985. We expect that negative
publicity will, from time to time, continue to negatively impact our business in particular
markets.
Our failure to appropriately respond to changing consumer preferences and demand for new products
or product enhancements could significantly harm our distributor and customer relationships and
product sales and harm our financial condition and operating results.
Our business is subject to changing consumer trends and preferences, especially with respect
to weight management products. Our continued success depends in part on our ability to anticipate
and respond to these changes, and we may not respond in a timely or commercially appropriate manner
to such changes. Furthermore, the nutritional supplement industry is characterized by rapid and
frequent changes in demand for products and new product introductions and enhancements. Our failure
to accurately predict these trends could negatively impact consumer opinion of our products, which
in turn could harm our customer and distributor relationships and cause the loss of sales. The
success of our new product offerings and enhancements depends upon a number of factors, including
our ability to:
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accurately anticipate customer needs; |
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|
innovate and develop new products or product enhancements that meet these needs; |
|
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|
|
successfully commercialize new products or product enhancements in a timely manner; |
|
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|
price our products competitively; |
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|
manufacture and deliver our products in sufficient volumes and in a timely manner; and |
|
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|
|
differentiate our product offerings from those of our competitors. |
If we do not introduce new products or make enhancements to meet the changing needs of our
customers in a timely manner, some of our products could be rendered obsolete, which could
negatively impact our revenues, financial condition and operating results.
40
Due to the high level of competition in our industry, we might fail to retain our customers and
distributors, which would harm our financial condition and operating results.
The business of marketing weight management and nutrition products is highly competitive and
sensitive to the introduction of new products or weight management plans, including various
prescription drugs, which may rapidly capture a significant share of the market. These market
segments include numerous manufacturers, distributors, marketers, retailers and physicians that
actively compete for the business of consumers both in the United States and abroad. In addition,
we anticipate that we will be subject to increasing competition in the future from sellers that
utilize electronic commerce. Some of these competitors have longer operating histories,
significantly greater financial, technical, product development, marketing and sales resources,
greater name recognition, larger established customer bases and better-developed distribution
channels than we do. Our present or future competitors may be able to develop products that are
comparable or superior to those we offer, adapt more quickly than we do to new technologies,
evolving industry trends and standards or customer requirements, or devote greater resources to the
development, promotion and sale of their products than we do. For example, if our competitors
develop other diet or weight loss treatments that prove to be more effective than our products,
demand for our products could be reduced. Accordingly, we may not be able to compete effectively in
our markets and competition may intensify.
We are also subject to significant competition for the recruitment of distributors from other
network marketing organizations, including those that market weight management products, dietary
and nutritional supplements and personal care products as well as other types of products. We
compete for global customers and distributors with regard to weight management, nutritional
supplement and personal care products. Our competitors include both direct selling companies such
as NuSkin Enterprises, Natures Sunshine, Alticor/Amway, Melaleuca, Avon Products, Oriflame,
Tupperware and Mary Kay, as well as retail establishments such as Weight Watchers, Jenny Craig,
General Nutrition Centers, Wal-Mart and retail pharmacies.
In addition, because the industry in which we operate is not particularly capital intensive or
otherwise subject to high barriers to entry, it is relatively easy for new competitors to emerge
who will compete with us for our distributors and customers. In addition, the fact that our
distributors may easily enter and exit our network marketing program contributes to the level of
competition that we face. For example, a distributor can enter or exit our network marketing system
with relative ease at any time without facing a significant investment or loss of capital because
(1) we have a low upfront financial cost to become a Herbalife distributor, (2) we do not require
any specific amount of time to work as a distributor, (3) we do not insist on any special training
to be a distributor and (4) we do not prohibit a new distributor from working with another company.
Our ability to remain competitive therefore depends, in significant part, on our success in
recruiting and retaining distributors through an attractive compensation plan, the maintenance of
an attractive product portfolio and other incentives. We cannot ensure that our programs for
recruitment and retention of distributors will be successful and if they are not, our financial
condition and operating results would be harmed.
We are affected by extensive laws, governmental regulations, administrative determinations, court
decisions and similar constraints both domestically and abroad, and our failure or our
distributors failure to comply with these constraints could lead to the imposition of significant
penalties or claims, which could harm our financial condition and operating results.
In both domestic and foreign markets, the formulation, manufacturing, packaging, labeling,
distribution, importation, exportation, licensing, sale and storage of our products are affected by
extensive laws, governmental regulations, administrative determinations, court decisions and
similar constraints. Such laws, regulations and other constraints may exist at the federal, state
or local levels in the United States and at all levels of government in foreign jurisdictions.
There can be no assurance that we or our distributors are in compliance with all of these
regulations. Our failure or our distributors failure to comply with these regulations or new
regulations could disrupt our distributors sale of our products, or lead to the imposition of
significant penalties or claims and could negatively impact our business. In addition, the adoption
of new regulations or changes in the interpretations of existing regulations may result in
significant compliance costs or discontinuation of product sales and may negatively impact the
marketing of our products, resulting in significant loss of sales revenues.
In April 2006, the FTC issued a notice of proposed rulemaking which, if implemented in its
originally proposed form, would have regulated all sellers of business opportunities in the
United States. As originally proposed this rule would have applied to us and, if adopted in its
originally proposed form, could have adversely impacted our U.S. business. On March 18, 2008, the
FTC issued a revised proposed rule and, as indicated in the announcement accompanying the proposed
rule, the revised proposal does not attempt to cover multilevel marketing companies such as
Herbalife. If the revised rule were implemented as it is now proposed, we believe that it would not
significantly impact our U.S. business. Based on information currently available, we anticipate
that the rule may become final within the year.
41
The FTC has approved revisions to its Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and
Testimonials in Advertising, or Guides, which became effective on December 1, 2009. Although the
Guides are not binding, they explain how the FTC interprets Section 5 of
the FTC Acts prohibition on unfair or deceptive acts or practices. Consequently, the FTC
could bring a Section 5 enforcement action based on practices that are inconsistent with the
Guides. Under the revised Guides, advertisements that feature a consumer and convey his or her
atypical experience with a product or service will be required to clearly disclose the results that
consumers can generally expect. In contrast to the 1980 version of the Guides, which allowed
advertisers to describe atypical results in a testimonial as long as they included a disclaimer
such as results not typical, the revised Guides no longer contain such a safe harbor. The revised
Guides also add new examples to illustrate the long-standing principle that material connections
between advertisers and endorsers (such as payments or free products), connections that consumers
might not expect, must be disclosed. Herbalife has revised its marketing materials to be compliant
with the revised Guides. However, it is possible that our use, and that of our independent
distributors, of testimonials in the advertising and promotion of our products, including but not
limited to our weight management products and of our income opportunity will be significantly
impacted and therefore might negatively impact our sales.
Governmental regulations in countries where we plan to commence or expand operations may
prevent or delay entry into those markets. In addition, our ability to sustain satisfactory levels
of sales in our markets is dependent in significant part on our ability to introduce additional
products into such markets. However, governmental regulations in our markets, both domestic and
international, can delay or prevent the introduction, or require the reformulation or withdrawal,
of certain of our products. Any such regulatory action, whether or not it results in a final
determination adverse to us, could create negative publicity, with detrimental effects on the
motivation and recruitment of distributors and, consequently, on sales.
The FDA has published its final rule for current good manufacturing practice, or cGMPs, for
the manufacture, packing, labeling and holding of dietary supplements distributed in the United
States. Herbalife has implemented a comprehensive quality assurance program that is designed to
maintain compliance with the cGMPs for dietary supplements manufactured by or on behalf of
Herbalife for distribution in the United States. However, if Herbalife should be found not to be in
compliance with cGMNPs for the products it self-manufactures it could negatively impact our
reputation and ability to sell our products even after any such situation had been rectified.
Further, if contract manufacturers whose products bear Herbalife labels fail to comply with the
cGMPs, this could negatively impact Herbalifes reputation and ability to sell its products even
though Herbalife is not directly liable under the cGMPs for such compliance. In complying with the
dietary supplement cGMPs, we have experienced increases in some product costs as a result of the
necessary increase in testing of raw ingredients and finished products and this may cause us to
seek alternate suppliers.
Our network marketing program could be found to be not in compliance with current or newly adopted
laws or regulations in one or more markets, which could prevent us from conducting our business in
these markets and harm our financial condition and operating results.
Our network marketing program is subject to a number of federal and state regulations
administered by the FTC and various state agencies in the United States as well as regulations on
direct selling in foreign markets administered by foreign agencies. We are subject to the risk
that, in one or more markets, our network marketing program could be found not to be in compliance
with applicable law or regulations. Regulations applicable to network marketing organizations
generally are directed at preventing fraudulent or deceptive schemes, often referred to as
pyramid or chain sales schemes, by ensuring that product sales ultimately are made to consumers
and that advancement within an organization is based on sales of the organizations products rather
than investments in the organization or other non-retail sales-related criteria. The regulatory
requirements concerning network marketing programs do not include bright line rules and are
inherently fact-based and, thus, we are subject to the risk that these laws or regulations or the
enforcement or interpretation of these laws and regulations by governmental agencies or courts can
change. The failure of our network marketing program to comply with current or newly adopted
regulations could negatively impact our business in a particular market or in general.
We are also subject to the risk of private party challenges to the legality of our network
marketing program. The multi-level marketing programs of other companies have been successfully
challenged in the past and in a current lawsuit allegations have been made challenging the legality
of our network marketing program in Belgium. Test Ankoop-Test Achat, a Belgian consumer protection
organization, sued Herbalife International Belgium, S.V., or HIB, on August 26, 2004, alleging that
HIB violated Article 84 of the Belgian Fair Trade Practices Act by engaging in pyramid selling,
i.e., establishing a network of professional or non-professional sales people who hope to make a
profit more through the expansion of that network rather than through the sale of products to
end-consumers. The plaintiff is seeking a payment of 25,000 (equal to approximately $35,000 as of
March 31, 2011) per purported violation as well as costs of the trial. For the year ended December
31, 2010, our net sales in Belgium were approximately $16.8 million. The plaintiffs filed their
initial brief on September 27, 2005 and on May 9, 2006 we filed a reply brief. On December 9, 2008
plaintiffs filed a responsive brief and on June 24, 2009 we filed a reply brief. An oral hearing
was held on November 3, 2010. The Court issued an interim judgment on November 24, 2010 ordering
the parties to address a change in the underlying Belgian statute. A hearing scheduled for March
2, 2011 was postponed until May 11, 2011. An adverse judicial determination with respect to our
network marketing program, or in proceedings not involving us directly but which challenge the
legality of multi-level marketing systems, in Belgium or in any other market in which we operate,
could negatively impact our business. We believe that we have meritorious defenses to the suit.
42
On April 16, 2007 Herbalife International of America, Inc. filed a Complaint in the United
States District Court for the Central District of California against certain former Herbalife
distributors who had left the Company to join a competitor. The Complaint alleged breach of
contract, misappropriation of trade secrets, intentional interference with prospective economic
advantage, intentional interference with contract, unfair competition, constructive trust and fraud
and seeks monetary damages, attorneys fees and injunctive relief (Herbalife International of
America, Inc. v. Robert E. Ford, et al). The court entered a Preliminary Injunction against the
defendants enjoining them from further use and/or misappropriation of the Companys trade secrets
on December 11, 2007. Defendants appealed the courts entry of the Preliminary Injunction to the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. That court affirmed, in relevant part, the Preliminary
Injunction. On December 3, 2007 the defendants filed a counterclaim alleging that the Company had
engaged in unfair and deceptive business practices, intentional and negligent interference with
prospective economic advantage, false advertising and that the Company was an endless chain scheme
in violation of California law and seeking restitution, contract rescission and an injunction. Both
sides engaged in discovery and filed cross motions for Summary Judgment. On August 25, 2009 the
court granted partial summary judgment for Herbalife on all of defendants claims except the claim
that the Company is an endless chain scheme which under applicable law is a question of fact that
can only be determined at trial. The court denied defendants motion for Summary Judgment on
Herbalifes claims for misappropriation of trade secrets and breach of contract. On May 5, 2010,
the District Court granted summary judgment for Herbalife on defendants endless chain-scheme
counterclaim. Herbalife voluntarily dismissed its remaining claims, and on May 14, 2010 the
District Court issued a final judgment dismissing all of the parties claims. On June 10, 2010 the
defendants appealed from that judgment and on June 21, 2010 Herbalife cross-appealed. The parties
have reached a settlement of the case which they are in the process
of documenting. Herbalife will incur no financial liability in this
settlement.
A substantial portion of our business is conducted in foreign markets, exposing us to the risks of
trade or foreign exchange restrictions, increased tariffs, foreign currency fluctuations,
disruptions or conflicts with our third party importers and similar risks associated with foreign
operations.
Approximately 78% of our net sales for the year ended December 31, 2010, were generated
outside the United States, exposing our business to risks associated with foreign operations. For
example, a foreign government may impose trade or foreign exchange restrictions or increased
tariffs, which could negatively impact our operations. We are also exposed to risks associated with
foreign currency fluctuations. For instance, purchases from suppliers are generally made in U.S.
dollars while sales to distributors are generally made in local currencies. Accordingly,
strengthening of the U.S. dollar versus a foreign currency could have a negative impact on us.
Although we engage in transactions to protect against risks associated with foreign currency
fluctuations, we cannot be certain any hedging activity will effectively reduce our exchange rate
exposure. Additionally we may be negatively impacted by conflicts with or disruptions caused or
faced by our third party importers, as well as conflicts between such importers and local
governments or regulating agencies. Our operations in some markets also may be adversely affected
by political, economic and social instability in foreign countries. As we continue to focus on
expanding our existing international operations, these and other risks associated with
international operations may increase, which could harm our financial condition and operating
results.
Currency restrictions enacted by the Venezuelan government in 2003 have become more
restrictive and have impacted the ability of our subsidiary in Venezuela, or Herbalife Venezuela,
to obtain U.S. dollars in exchange for Venezuelan Bolivars, or Bolivars, at the official foreign
exchange rates from the Venezuelan government and its foreign exchange commission, CADIVI. The
application and approval processes have been intermittently delayed and the timing and ability to
obtain U.S. dollars at the official exchange rates remains uncertain. In certain instances, we have
made appropriate applications through CADIVI for approval to obtain U.S. dollars so that Herbalife
Venezuela can pay for imported products and an annual dividend, at the official exchange rate. As
an alternative exchange mechanism, we have also participated in certain bond offerings from the
Venezuelan government and from Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. or PDVSA, a Venezuelan state-owned
petroleum company, where we effectively purchased bonds with our Bolivars and then sold the bonds
for U.S. dollars. In other instances, we used a lawful but less favorable parallel market mechanism
for currency exchange. In May 2010, this less favorable parallel market was discontinued.
In June 2010, the Venezuelan government introduced additional regulations under a newly
regulated system, SITME, which is controlled by the Central Bank of Venezuela. SITME provides a
mechanism to exchange Bolivars into U.S. dollars through the purchase and sale of U.S. dollar
denominated bonds issued in Venezuela. However, SITME is only available in certain limited
circumstances. Specifically, SITME can only be used for product purchases and it is not available
for other matters such as the payment of dividends. Also, SITME can only be used for amounts of up
to $50,000 per day and $350,000 per month and is generally only available to the extent that the
applicant has not exchanged and received U.S. dollars via the CADIVI process within the previous
90 days. While we currently plan to continue to import products into Venezuela and exchange
Bolivars for U.S. dollars based on the exchange mechanisms prescribed by the Venezuelan government,
if the current currency restrictions are not lifted or eased, our product supplies in the
Venezuelan market may be limited and we may make changes to Herbalife Venezuelas operations each
of which could negatively impact our business.
43
If the foreign currency restrictions in Venezuela intensify or do not improve, we may be
required to deconsolidate Herbalife Venezuela for U.S. GAAP purposes and would be subject to the
risk of impairment. If any of these events were to occur it could result in a negative impact to
our consolidated earnings. See Item 7, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations, within our 2010 10-K for a further discussion on Venezuela.
Our expansion in China is subject to general, as well as industry-specific, economic, political
and legal developments and risks in China and requires that we utilize a different business model
from that which we use elsewhere in the world.
Our expansion of operations into China is subject to risks and uncertainties related to
general economic, political and legal developments in China, among other things. The Chinese
government exercises significant control over the Chinese economy, including but not limited to
controlling capital investments, allocating resources, setting monetary policy, controlling foreign
exchange and monitoring foreign exchange rates, implementing and overseeing tax regulations,
providing preferential treatment to certain industry segments or companies and issuing necessary
licenses to conduct business. Accordingly, any adverse change in the Chinese economy, the Chinese
legal system or Chinese governmental, economic or other policies could have a material adverse
effect on our business in China and our prospects generally.
In 2005, China published regulations governing direct selling and prohibiting pyramid
promotional schemes, and a number of administrative methods and proclamations were issued in 2005
and in 2006. These regulations require us to use a business model different from that which we
offer in other markets. To allow us to operate under these regulations, we have created and
introduced a model specifically for China. In China, we have Company-operated retail stores that
sell through employed sales personnel to customers and preferred customers. We provide training and
certification procedures for sales personnel in China. We also have non-employee sales
representatives who sell through our retail stores. Our sales representatives are permitted by the
terms of our direct selling licenses to sell away from fixed retail locations in the provinces of
Jiangsu, Guangdong, Shandong, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Beijing, Fujian, Sichuan, Hubei, Shanxi, Shanghai,
Jiangxi, Liaoning, Jilin, Henan, and Chongqing. We have also engaged independent service providers
that meet both the requirements to operate their own business under Chinese law as well as the
conditions set forth by Herbalife to sell products and provide services to Herbalife customers.
These features are not common to the business model we employ elsewhere in the world, and based on
the direct selling licenses we have received and the terms of those which we hope to receive in the
future to conduct a direct selling enterprise in China, our business model in China will continue
in some part to incorporate such features. The direct selling regulations require us to apply for
various approvals to conduct a direct selling enterprise in China. The process for obtaining the
necessary licenses to conduct a direct selling business is protracted and cumbersome and involves
multiple layers of Chinese governmental authorities and numerous governmental employees at each
layer. While direct selling licenses are centrally issued, such licenses are generally valid only
in the jurisdictions within which related approvals have been obtained. Such approvals are
generally awarded on local and provincial bases, and the approval process requires involvement with
multiple ministries at each level. Our participation and conduct during the approval process is
guided not only by distinct Chinese practices and customs, but is also subject to applicable laws
of China and the other jurisdictions in which we operate our business, including the U.S., as well
as our internal code of ethics. There is always a risk that in attempting to comply with local
customs and practices in China during the application process or otherwise, we will fail to comply
with requirements applicable to us in China itself or in other jurisdictions, and any such failure
to comply with applicable requirements could prevent us from obtaining the direct selling licenses
or related local or provincial approvals. Furthermore, we rely on certain key personnel in China to
assist us during the approval process, and the loss of any such key personnel could delay or hinder
our ability to obtain licenses or related approvals. For all of the above reasons, there can be no
assurance that we will obtain additional direct-selling licenses, or obtain related approvals to
expand into any or all of the localities or provinces in China that are important to our business.
Our inability to obtain, retain, or renew any or all of the licenses or related approvals that are
required for us to operate in China could negatively impact our business.
Additionally, although certain regulations have been published with respect to obtaining such
approvals, operating under such approvals and otherwise conducting business in China, other
regulations are pending, and there is uncertainty regarding the interpretation and enforcement of
Chinese regulations. The regulatory environment in China is evolving, and officials in the Chinese
government exercise broad discretion in deciding how to interpret and apply regulations. We cannot
be certain that our business model will continue to be deemed by national or local Chinese
regulatory authorities to be compliant with any such regulations. The Chinese government rigorously
monitors the direct selling market in China, and in the past has taken serious action against
companies that the
government believed were engaging in activities they regarded to be in violation of applicable
law, including shutting down their businesses and imposing substantial fines. As a result, there
can be no guarantee that the Chinese governments current or future interpretation and application
of the existing and new regulations will not negatively impact our business in China, result in
regulatory investigations or lead to fines or penalties against us or our Chinese distributors.
44
Chinese regulations prevent persons who are not Chinese nationals from engaging in direct
selling in China. We cannot guarantee that any of our distributors living outside of China or any
of our sales representatives, employed sales personnel or independent service providers in China
have not engaged or will not engage in activities that violate our policies in this market, or that
violate Chinese law or other applicable law, and therefore result in regulatory action and adverse
publicity.
China enacted a labor contract law which took effect January 1, 2008 and on September 18, 2008
an implementing regulation took effect. On October 28, 2010 China enacted a social insurance law
that will come into effect on July 1, 2011. We have reviewed and will continue to review our
employment contracts and contractual relations with employees in China, which include certain of
our employed sales personnel, and have made and will make such changes as we believe to be
necessary or appropriate to bring these contracts and contractual relations into compliance with
these laws and their implementing regulations. In addition, we continue to monitor the situation to
determine how these laws and regulations will be implemented in practice. There is no guarantee
that these laws will not adversely impact us, require us to change our treatment of our employed
sales personnel, cause us to change our operating plan for China or otherwise have an adverse
impact on our business operations in China.
If our operations in China are successful, we may experience rapid growth in China, and there
can be no assurances that we will be able to successfully manage rapid expansion of manufacturing
operations and a rapidly growing and dynamic sales force. There also can be no assurances that we
will not experience difficulties in dealing with or taking employment related actions (such as
hiring, terminations and salary administration, including social benefit payments) with respect to
our employed sales personnel, particularly given the highly regulated nature of the employment
relationship in China. If we are unable to effectively manage such growth and expansion of our
retail stores, manufacturing operations or our employed sales personnel, our government relations
may be compromised and our operations in China may be harmed.
Our China business model, particularly with regard to sales management responsibilities and
remuneration, differs from our traditional business model. There is a risk that such changes and
transitions may not be understood by our distributors or employees, may be viewed negatively by our
distributors or employees, or may not be correctly utilized by our distributors or employees. If
that is the case, our business could be negatively impacted.
If we fail to further penetrate existing markets or successfully expand our business into new
markets, then the growth in sales of our products, along with our operating results, could be
negatively impacted.
The success of our business is to a large extent contingent on our ability to continue to grow
by entering new markets and further penetrating existing markets. Our ability to further penetrate
existing markets or to successfully expand our business into additional countries in Eastern
Europe, Southeast Asia, South America or elsewhere, to the extent we believe that we have
identified attractive geographic expansion opportunities in the future, is subject to numerous
factors, many of which are out of our control.
In addition, government regulations in both our domestic and international markets can delay
or prevent the introduction, or require the reformulation or withdrawal, of some of our products,
which could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also,
our ability to increase market penetration in certain countries may be limited by the finite number
of persons in a given country inclined to pursue a direct selling business opportunity or consumers
willing to purchase Herbalife products. Moreover, our growth will depend upon improved training and
other activities that enhance distributor retention in our markets. While we have recently
experienced significant growth in certain of our markets, we cannot assure you that such growth
levels will continue in the immediate or long term future. Furthermore, our efforts to support
growth in such international markets could be hampered to the extent that our infrastructure in
such markets is deficient when compared to our more developed markets, such as the U.S. Therefore,
we cannot assure you that our general efforts to increase our market penetration and distributor
retention in existing markets will be successful. If we are unable to continue to expand into new
markets or further penetrate existing markets, our operating results could suffer.
45
Our contractual obligation to sell our products only through our Herbalife distributor network and
to refrain from changing certain aspects of our marketing plan may limit our growth.
We are a party to an agreement with our distributors that provides assurances that we will not
sell Herbalife products through any
distribution channel other than our network of independent Herbalife distributors. Thus, we
are contractually prohibited from expanding our business by selling Herbalife products through
other distribution channels that may be available to our competitors, such as over the internet,
through wholesale sales, by establishing retail stores or through mail order systems. Since this is
an open-ended commitment, there can be no assurance that we will be able to take advantage of
innovative new distribution channels that are developed in the future.
In addition, this agreement with our distributors provides that we will not change certain
aspects of our marketing plan without the consent of a specified percentage of our distributors.
For example, our agreement with our distributors provides that we may increase, but not decrease,
the discount percentages available to our distributors for the purchase of products or the
applicable royalty override percentages, including roll-ups, and production and other bonus
percentages available to our distributors at various qualification levels within our distributor
hierarchy. We may not modify the eligibility or qualification criteria for these discounts, royalty
overrides and production and other bonuses unless we do so in a manner to make eligibility and/or
qualification easier than under the applicable criteria in effect as of the date of the agreement.
Our agreement with our distributors further provides that we may not vary the criteria for
qualification for each distributor tier within our distributor hierarchy, unless we do so in such a
way so as to make qualification easier.
Although we reserved the right to make these changes to our marketing plan without the consent
of our distributors in the event that changes are required by applicable law or are necessary in
our reasonable business judgment to account for specific local market or currency conditions to
achieve a reasonable profit on operations, there can be no assurance that our agreement with our
distributors will not restrict our ability to adapt our marketing plan to the evolving requirements
of the markets in which we operate. As a result, our growth may be limited.
We depend on the integrity and reliability of our information technology infrastructure, and any
related inadequacies may result in substantial interruptions to our business.
Our ability to provide products and services to our distributors depends on the performance
and availability of our core transactional systems. We upgraded our back office systems globally to
the Oracle Enterprise Suite which is supported by a robust hardware and network infrastructure. The
Oracle Enterprise Suite is a scalable and stable solution that provides a solid foundation upon
which we are building our next generation Distributor facing Internet toolset. While we continue to
invest in our information technology infrastructure, there can be no assurance that there will not
be any significant interruptions to such systems or that the systems will be adequate to meet all
of our future business needs.
The most important aspect of our information technology infrastructure is the system through
which we record and track distributor sales, volume points, royalty overrides, bonuses and other
incentives. We have encountered, and may encounter in the future, errors in our software or our
enterprise network, or inadequacies in the software and services supplied by our vendors, although
to date none of these errors or inadequacies has had a meaningful adverse impact on our business.
Any such errors or inadequacies that we may encounter in the future may result in substantial
interruptions to our services and may damage our relationships with, or cause us to lose, our
distributors if the errors or inadequacies impair our ability to track sales and pay royalty
overrides, bonuses and other incentives, which would harm our financial condition and operating
results. Such errors may be expensive or difficult to correct in a timely manner, and we may have
little or no control over whether any inadequacies in software or services supplied to us by third
parties are corrected, if at all.
Since we rely on independent third parties for the manufacture and supply of certain of our
products, if these third parties fail to reliably supply products to us at required levels of
quality and which are manufactured in compliance with applicable laws, including the dietary
supplement cGMPs, then our financial condition and operating results would be harmed.
The majority of our products are manufactured at third party contract manufacturers, with the
exception of our products sold in China, which are manufactured in our Suzhou China facility, and
certain of our top selling products which are starting to be manufactured in our manufacturing
facility located in Lake Forest, California. It is the Companys intention to expand the capacity
of this recently acquired manufacturing facility to produce additional products for our North
America and international markets. We cannot assure you that our outside contract manufacturers
will continue to reliably supply products to us at the levels of quality, or the quantities, we
require, and in compliance with applicable laws, including under the FDAs cGMP regulations. While
we are not presently aware of any current liquidity issues with our suppliers, we cannot assure you
that they will not experience financial hardship as a result of the current global financial
crisis.
46
Our supply contracts generally have a two-year term. Except for force majeure events such as
natural disasters and other acts of God, and non-performance by Herbalife, our manufacturers
generally cannot unilaterally terminate these contracts. These contracts can generally be extended
by us at the end of the relevant time period and we have exercised this right in the past. Globally
we have
over 40 suppliers of our products. For our major products, we have both primary and secondary
suppliers. Our major suppliers include Natures Bounty (U.S.) and Fine Foods (Italy) for meal
replacements, protein powders and nutritional supplements, Valentine Enterprises (U.S.) for meal
replacements and protein powders and PharmaChem Labs for teas and Niteworks®.
Additionally we use contract manufacturers in India, Brazil, Korea, Japan and Germany to support
our global business. In the event any of our contract manufacturers were to become unable or
unwilling to continue to provide us with products in required volumes and at suitable quality
levels, we would be required to identify and obtain acceptable replacement manufacturing sources.
There is no assurance that we would be able to obtain alternative manufacturing sources on a timely
basis. An extended interruption in the supply of products would result in the loss of sales. In
addition, any actual or perceived degradation of product quality as a result of reliance on
contract manufacturers may have an adverse effect on sales or result in increased product returns
and buybacks. Also, as we experience ingredient and product price pressure in the areas of soy,
dairy products, plastics, and transportation reflecting global economic trends, we believe that we
have the ability to mitigate some of these cost increases through improved optimization of our
supply chain coupled with select increases in the retail prices of our products.
If we fail to protect our trademarks and tradenames, then our ability to compete could be
negatively affected, which would harm our financial condition and operating results.
The market for our products depends to a significant extent upon the goodwill associated with
our trademark and tradenames. We own, or have licenses to use, the material trademark and trade
name rights used in connection with the packaging, marketing and distribution of our products in
the markets where those products are sold. Therefore, trademark and trade name protection is
important to our business. Although most of our trademarks are registered in the United States and
in certain foreign countries in which we operate, we may not be successful in asserting trademark
or trade name protection. In addition, the laws of certain foreign countries may not protect our
intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. The loss or
infringement of our trademarks or tradenames could impair the goodwill associated with our brands
and harm our reputation, which would harm our financial condition and operating results.
Unlike in most of the other markets in which we operate, limited protection of intellectual
property is available under Chinese law. Accordingly, we face an increased risk in China that
unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain or use our trademarks, copyrights,
product formulations or other intellectual property. Further, since Chinese commercial law is
relatively undeveloped, we may have limited legal recourse in the event we encounter significant
difficulties with intellectual property theft or infringement. As a result, we cannot assure you
that we will be able to adequately protect our product formulations or other intellectual property.
We permit the limited use of our trademarks by our independent distributors to assist them in
the marketing of our products. It is possible that doing so may increase the risk of unauthorized
use or misuse of our trademarks in markets where their registration status differs from that
asserted by our independent distributors, or they may be used in association with claims or
products in a manner not permitted under applicable laws and regulations. Were this to occur it is
possible that this could diminish the value of these marks or otherwise impair our further use of
these marks.
If our distributors fail to comply with labeling laws, then our financial condition and operating
results would be harmed.
Although the physical labeling of our products is not within the control of our independent
distributors, our distributors must nevertheless advertise our products in compliance with the
extensive regulations that exist in certain jurisdictions, such as the United States, which
considers product advertising to be labeling for regulatory purposes.
Our products are sold principally as foods, dietary supplements and cosmetics and are subject
to rigorous FDA and related legal regimens limiting the types of therapeutic claims that can be
made for our products. The treatment or cure of disease, for example, is not a permitted claim for
these products. While we train our distributors and attempt to monitor our distributors marketing
materials, we cannot ensure that all such materials comply with applicable regulations, including
bans on therapeutic claims. If our distributors fail to comply with these restrictions, then we and
our distributors could be subjected to claims, financial penalties, mandatory product recalls or
relabeling requirements, which could harm our financial condition and operating results. Although
we expect that our responsibility for the actions of our independent distributors in such an
instance would be dependent on a determination that we either controlled or condoned a noncompliant
advertising practice, there can be no assurance that we could not be held vicariously liable for
the actions of our independent distributors.
47
If our intellectual property is not adequate to provide us with a competitive advantage or to
prevent competitors from replicating our products, or if we infringe the intellectual property
rights of others, then our financial condition and operating results would be harmed.
Our future success and ability to compete depend upon our ability to timely produce innovative
products and product enhancements that motivate our distributors and customers, which we attempt to
protect under a combination of copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, confidentiality
procedures and contractual provisions. However, our products are generally not patented
domestically or abroad, and the legal protections afforded by common law and contractual
proprietary rights in our products provide only limited protection and may be time-consuming and
expensive to enforce and/or maintain. Further, despite our efforts, we may be unable to prevent
third parties from infringing upon or misappropriating our proprietary rights or from independently
developing non-infringing products that are competitive with, equivalent to and/or superior to our
products.
Monitoring infringement and/or misappropriation of intellectual property can be difficult and
expensive, and we may not be able to detect every infringement or misappropriation of our
proprietary rights. Even if we do detect infringement or misappropriation of our proprietary
rights, litigation to enforce these rights could cause us to divert financial and other resources
away from our business operations. Further, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our
proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States.
Additionally, third parties may claim that products or marks that we have independently
developed or which bear certain of our trademarks infringe upon their intellectual property rights
and there can be no assurance that one of more of our products or marks will not be found to
infringe upon third party intellectual property rights in the future. For example, in a pending
action in the U.S. federal courts, the adidas companies have alleged that certain uses of
Herbalifes Tri-Leaf device mark upon sports apparel items infringe upon their Trefoil mark
associated with such goods. They have also alleged that such uses of Herbalifes Tri-Leaf device
and certain Herbalife trademark applications constitute a breach of a 1998 agreement between the
parties. The trial court has recently granted a partial summary judgment in favor of the adidas
companies on its breach of contract claim, but this judgment contains no enforceable provisions
directed at Herbalifes conduct, nor does it impose monetary damages on Herbalife. We continue to
contest adidas interpretation of the 1998 agreement and are considering an appeal of the partial
summary judgment after trial on the remaining claims. We do not believe that we have breached the
1998 agreement, nor that we are infringing on any third party intellectual property rights.
Nevertheless it remains possible that an adverse judgment on one or more outstanding claims might
issue, awarding monetary damages and/or injunctive relief to adidas that could limit Herbalifes
ability to display its Tri-Leaf mark in connection with certain sports apparel, sports equipment,
or sports-related marketing and services.
Since one of our products constitutes a significant portion of our retail sales, significant
decreases in consumer demand for this product or our failure to produce a suitable replacement
should we cease offering it would harm our financial condition and operating results.
Our Formula 1 meal replacement product constitutes a significant portion of our sales,
accounting for approximately 28% of net sales for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010, and
approximately 29% of net sales for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008. If consumer
demand for this product decreases significantly or we cease offering this product without a
suitable replacement, then our financial condition and operating results would be harmed.
If we lose the services of members of our senior management team, then our financial condition and
operating results could be harmed.
We depend on the continued services of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Michael O.
Johnson, and our current senior management team as they work closely with the senior distributor
leadership to create an environment of inspiration, motivation and entrepreneurial business
success. Although we have entered into employment agreements with certain members of our senior
management team, and do not believe that any of them are planning to leave or retire in the near
term, we cannot assure you that our senior managers will remain with us. The loss or departure of
any member of our senior management team could adversely impact our distributor relations and
operating results. If any of these executives do not remain with us, our business could suffer.
Also, the loss of key personnel, including our regional and country managers, could negatively
impact our ability to implement our business strategy, and our continued success will also be
dependent on our ability to retain existing, and attract additional, qualified personnel to meet
our needs. We currently do not maintain key person life insurance with respect to our senior
management team.
48
The covenants in our existing indebtedness limit our discretion with respect to certain business
matters, which could limit our ability to pursue certain strategic objectives and in turn harm our
financial condition and operating results.
Our credit facility contains financial and operating covenants that restrict our and our
subsidiaries ability to, among other things:
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incur or guarantee additional debt; |
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impose dividend or other distribution restrictions on our subsidiaries; |
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create liens on our and our subsidiaries assets; |
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engage in transactions with affiliates; and |
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merge, consolidate or sell all or substantially all of our assets and the assets of our
subsidiaries. |
In addition, our credit facility requires us to meet certain financial ratios and financial
conditions. Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our
control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions. Failure to comply with
these covenants could result in a default causing all amounts to become due and payable under our
credit facility, which is secured by substantially all of our domestic assets, against which the
lenders thereunder could proceed to foreclose.
If we do not comply with transfer pricing, customs duties, VAT, and similar regulations, then we
may be subjected to additional taxes, duties, interest and penalties in material amounts, which
could harm our financial condition and operating results.
As a multinational corporation, in many countries including the United States we are subject
to transfer pricing and other tax regulations designed to ensure that our intercompany transactions
are consummated at prices that have not been manipulated to produce a desired tax result, that
appropriate levels of income are reported as earned by our United States or local entities, and
that we are taxed appropriately on such transactions. In addition, our operations are subject to
regulations designed to ensure that appropriate levels of customs duties are assessed on the
importation of our products. We are currently subject to pending or proposed audits that are at
various levels of review, assessment or appeal in a number of jurisdictions involving transfer
pricing issues, income taxes, customs duties, value added taxes, withholding taxes, sales and use
and other taxes and related interest and penalties in material amounts. For example, we are
currently appealing tax assessments in Spain, Brazil, and Mexico. In some circumstances, additional
taxes, interest and penalties have been assessed and we will be required to pay the assessments or
post surety, in order to challenge the assessments. The imposition of new taxes, even pass-through
taxes such as VAT, could have an impact on our perceived product pricing and therefore a potential
negative impact on our business. We have reserved in the consolidated financial statements an
amount that we believe represents the most likely outcome of the resolution of these disputes, but
if we are incorrect in our assessment we may have to pay the full amount asserted which could
potentially be material. Ultimate resolution of these matters may take several years, and the
outcome is uncertain. If the United States Internal Revenue Service or the taxing authorities of
any other jurisdiction were to successfully challenge our transfer pricing practices or our
positions regarding the payment of income taxes, customs duties, value added taxes, withholding
taxes, sales and use, and other taxes, we could become subject to higher taxes and our revenue and
earnings could be adversely affected. On May 7, 2010, we received an administrative assessment from
the Mexican Tax Administration Service in an amount equivalent to
approximately $96 million,
translated at the period ended spot rate, for various items, the majority of which was VAT
allegedly owed on certain of our products imported into Mexico during years 2005 and 2006. This
assessment is subject to interest and inflationary adjustments. The Company did not record a
provision as the Company, based on analysis and guidance from its advisors, does not believe a loss
is probable. Further, we are currently unable to reasonably estimate a possible loss or range of
loss that could result from an unfavorable outcome in respect to this assessment or any additional
assessments that may be issued for these or other periods. We believe that we have meritorious
defenses and are vigorously pursuing the appeal, but final resolution of this matter could take
several years. Any adverse outcomes in these matters could have a material impact on our financial
condition and operating results.
Changes in tax laws, treaties or regulations, or their interpretation could adversely affect us.
A change in applicable tax laws, treaties or regulations or their interpretation could result
in a higher effective tax rate on our worldwide earnings and such change could be significant to
our financial results. Tax legislative proposals intending to eliminate some perceived tax
advantages of companies that have legal domiciles outside the U.S. but have certain U.S.
connections have repeatedly been introduced in the U.S. Congress. If these proposals are enacted,
the result would increase our effective tax rate and
could have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial condition and results of
operations.
49
We may be held responsible for certain taxes or assessments relating to the activities of our
distributors, which could harm our financial condition and operating results.
Our distributors are subject to taxation, and in some instances, legislation or governmental
agencies impose an obligation on us to collect taxes, such as value added taxes, and to maintain
appropriate records. In addition, we are subject to the risk in some jurisdictions of being
responsible for social security and similar taxes with respect to our distributors. In the event
that local laws and regulations or the interpretation of local laws and regulations change to
require us to treat our independent distributors as employees, or that our distributors are deemed
by local regulatory authorities in one or more of the jurisdictions in which we operate to be our
employees rather than independent contractors under existing laws and interpretations, we may be
held responsible for social security and related taxes in those jurisdictions, plus any related
assessments and penalties, which could harm our financial condition and operating results.
We may incur material product liability claims, which could increase our costs and harm our
financial condition and operating results.
Our products consist of vitamins, minerals and botanicals and other ingredients that are
classified as foods or dietary supplements and are not subject to pre-market regulatory approval in
the United States. Our products could contain contaminated substances, and some of our products
contain some ingredients that do not have long histories of human consumption. We rely upon
published raw material, single ingredient, clinical studies and conduct limited clinical studies on
some key products but not all products. Previously unknown adverse reactions resulting from human
consumption of these ingredients could occur. As a marketer of dietary and nutritional supplements
and other products that are ingested by consumers or applied to their bodies, we have been, and may
again be, subjected to various product liability claims, including that the products contain
contaminants, the products include inadequate instructions as to their uses, or the products
include inadequate warnings concerning side effects and interactions with other substances. It is
possible that widespread product liability claims could increase our costs, and adversely affect
our revenues and operating income. Moreover, liability claims arising from a serious adverse event
may increase our costs through higher insurance premiums and deductibles, and may make it more
difficult to secure adequate insurance coverage in the future. In addition, our product liability
insurance may fail to cover future product liability claims, thereby requiring us to pay
substantial monetary damages and adversely affecting our business. Finally, given the higher level
of self-insured retentions that we have accepted under our current product liability insurance
policies, which are as high as approximately $10 million, in certain cases we may be subject to the
full amount of liability associated with any injuries, which could be substantial.
Several years ago, a number of states restricted the sale of dietary supplements containing
botanical sources of ephedrine alkaloids and on February 6, 2004, the FDA banned the use of such
ephedrine alkaloids. Until late 2002, we had sold Thermojetics® original green herbal
tablets, Thermojetics® green herbal tablets and Thermojetics® gold herbal
tablets, all of which contained ephedrine alkaloids. Accordingly, we run the risk of product
liability claims related to the ingestion of ephedrine alkaloids contained in those products.
Currently, we have been named as a defendant in product liability lawsuits seeking to link the
ingestion of certain of the aforementioned products to subsequent alleged medical problems suffered
by plaintiffs. Although we believe that we have meritorious defenses to the allegations contained
in these lawsuits, and are vigorously defending these claims, there can be no assurance that we
will prevail in our defense of any or all of these matters.
We are subject to, among other things, requirements regarding the effectiveness of internal
controls over financial reporting. In connection with these requirements, we conduct regular
audits of our business and operations. Our failure to identify or correct deficiencies and areas
of weakness in the course of these audits could adversely affect our financial condition and
operating results.
We are required to comply with various corporate governance and financial reporting
requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as new rules and regulations adopted by
the SEC, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and the New York Stock Exchange. In
particular, we are required to include management and auditor reports on the effectiveness of
internal controls over financial reporting as part of our annual reports on Form 10-K, pursuant to
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We expect to continue to spend significant amounts of time
and money on compliance with these rules. Our failure to correct any noted weaknesses in internal
controls over financial reporting could result in the disclosure of material weaknesses which could
have a material adverse effect upon the market value of our stock.
50
On a regular and on-going basis, we conduct audits through our internal audit department of
various aspects of our business and operations. These internal audits are conducted to insure
compliance with our policies and to strengthen our operations and related internal controls. The
Audit Committee of our Board of Directors regularly reviews the results of these internal audits
and, when
appropriate, suggests remedial measures and actions to correct noted deficiencies or
strengthen areas of weakness. There can be no assurance that these internal audits will uncover all
material deficiencies or areas of weakness in our operations or internal controls. If left
undetected and uncorrected, such deficiencies and weaknesses could have a material adverse effect
on our financial condition and results of operations.
From time to time, the results of these internal audits may necessitate that we conduct
further investigations into aspects of our business or operations. In addition, our business
practices and operations may periodically be investigated by one or more of the many governmental
authorities with jurisdiction over our worldwide operations. In the event that these investigations
produce unfavorable results, we may be subjected to fines, penalties or loss of licenses or permits
needed to operate in certain jurisdictions, any one of which could have a material adverse effect
on our financial condition or operating results.
Holders of our common shares may face difficulties in protecting their interests because we are
incorporated under Cayman Islands law.
Our corporate affairs are governed by our amended and restated memorandum and articles of
association, by the Companies Law (2010 Revision), or the Companies Law, and the common law of the
Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors
under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as under statutes or judicial precedent in
existence in jurisdictions in the United States. Therefore, shareholders may have more difficulty
in protecting their interests in the face of actions by our management or board of directors than
would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States, due to the
comparatively less developed nature of Cayman Islands law in this area.
Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies such as Herbalife have no general rights
under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records and accounts or to obtain copies of lists of
our shareholders. Our directors have discretion under our articles of association to determine
whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our
shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more
difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a
shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy
contest.
A shareholder can bring a suit personally where its individual rights have been, or are about
to be, infringed. Where an action is brought to redress any loss or damage suffered by us, we would
be the proper plaintiff, and a shareholder could not ordinarily maintain an action on our behalf,
except where it was permitted by the courts of the Cayman Islands to proceed with a derivative
action. Our Cayman Islands counsel, Maples and Calder, is not aware of any reported decisions in
relation to a derivative action brought in a Cayman Islands court. However, based on English
authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, a
shareholder may be permitted to bring a claim derivatively on the Companys behalf, where:
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a company is acting or proposing to act illegally or outside the scope of its corporate
authority; |
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the act complained of, although not acting outside the scope of its corporate authority,
could be effected only if authorized by more than a simple majority vote; or |
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those who control the company are perpetrating a fraud on the minority. |
Provisions of our articles of association and Cayman Islands corporate law may impede a takeover
or make it more difficult for shareholders to change the direction or management of the Company,
which could reduce shareholders opportunity to influence management of the Company.
Our articles of association permit our board of directors to issue preference shares from time
to time, with such rights and preferences as they consider appropriate. Our board of directors
could authorize the issuance of preference shares with terms and conditions and under circumstances
that could have an effect of discouraging a takeover or other transaction.
In addition, our articles of association contain certain other provisions which could have an
effect of discouraging a takeover or other transaction or preventing or making it more difficult
for shareholders to change the direction or management of our Company, including a classified
board, the inability of shareholders to act by written consent, a limitation on the ability of
shareholders to call special meetings of shareholders and advance notice provisions. As a result,
our shareholders may have less input into the management of our Company than they might otherwise
have if these provisions were not included in our articles of association.
51
The Cayman Islands have provisions under the Companies Law to facilitate mergers and
consolidations between Cayman Islands
companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. These provisions, contained within Part XVA of the
Companies Law, are broadly similar to the merger provisions as provided for under Delaware Law.
There are however a number of important differences that could impede a takeover. First, the
thresholds for approval of the merger plan by shareholders are higher. The thresholds are (a) a
shareholder resolution by majority in number representing 75% in value of the shareholders voting
together as one class or (b) if the shares to be issued to each shareholder in the consolidated or
surviving company are to have the same rights and economic value as the shares held in the
constituent company, a special resolution of the shareholders (being 66 2/3% of those present in
person or by proxy and voting) voting together as one class.
As it is not expected that the shares would have the same rights and economic value following
a takeover by way of merger, it is expected that the first test is the one which would commonly
apply. This threshold essentially has three requirements: a majority in number of the
shareholders of the Company must approve the transaction, such approving majority must hold at
least 75% in value of all the outstanding shares and the shareholders must vote together as one
class.
Additionally, the consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest (in essence
a documented security interest as opposed to one arising by operation of law) is required to be
obtained unless the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands waives such requirement.
The merger provisions contained within Part XVA of the Companies Law do contain shareholder
appraisal rights similar to those provided for under Delaware law. Such rights are limited to a
merger under Part XVA and do apply to schemes of arrangement as discussed below.
The Companies Law also contains separate statutory provisions that provide for the merger,
reconstruction and amalgamation of companies. Those are commonly referred to in the Cayman Islands
as schemes of arrangement.
The procedural and legal requirements necessary to consummate these transactions are more
rigorous and take longer to complete than the procedures typically required to consummate a merger
in the United States. Under Cayman Islands law and practice, a scheme of arrangement in relation to
a solvent Cayman Islands company must be approved at a shareholders meeting by a majority of each
class of the companys shareholders who are present and voting (either in person or by proxy) at
such meeting. The shares voted in favor of the scheme of arrangement must also represent at least
75% of the value of each relevant class of the companys shareholders present and voting at the
meeting. The convening of these meetings and the terms of the amalgamation must also be sanctioned
by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. Although there is no requirement to seek the consent of
the creditors of the parties involved in the scheme of arrangement, the Grand Court typically seeks
to ensure that the creditors have consented to the transfer of their liabilities to the surviving
entity or that the scheme of arrangement does not otherwise materially adversely affect creditors
interests. Furthermore, the court will only approve a scheme of arrangement if it is satisfied
that:
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the statutory provisions as to majority vote have been complied with; |
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the shareholders who voted at the meeting in question fairly represent the relevant class
of shareholders to which they belong; |
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the scheme of arrangement is such as a businessman would reasonably approve; and |
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the scheme of arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some
other provision of the Companies Law. |
If the scheme of arrangement is approved, the dissenting shareholder would have no rights
comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting
shareholders of U.S. corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially
determined value of the shares.
In addition, if an offer by a third party to purchase shares in us has been approved by the
holders of at least 90% of our outstanding shares (not including such a third party) pursuant to an
offer within a four-month period of making such an offer, the purchaser may, during the two months
following expiration of the four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to
transfer their shares on the same terms on which the purchaser acquired the first 90% of our
outstanding shares. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, but this is
unlikely to succeed unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith, collusion or inequitable
treatment of the shareholders.
52
There is uncertainty as to shareholders ability to enforce certain foreign civil liabilities in
the Cayman Islands.
We are incorporated as an exempted company with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman
Islands. A material portion of our
assets are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for our
shareholders to enforce judgments against us or judgments obtained in U.S. courts predicated upon
the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state of
the United States.
We have been advised by our Cayman Islands counsel, Maples and Calder, that although there is
no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, the
courts of the Cayman Islands will based on the principle that a judgment by a competent foreign
court imposes upon the judgment debtor an obligation to pay the sum for which judgment has been
given recognize and enforce a foreign judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction if such
judgment is final, for a liquidated sum, not in respect of taxes or a fine or penalty, is not
inconsistent with a Cayman Islands judgment in respect of the same matters, and was not obtained in
a manner, and is not of a kind, the enforcement of which is contrary to the public policy of the
Cayman Islands. There is doubt, however, as to whether the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands will
(1) recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts predicated upon the civil liability provisions of
the federal securities laws of the United States or any state of the United States, or (2) in
original actions brought in the Cayman Islands, impose liabilities predicated upon the civil
liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state of the United
States, on the grounds that such provisions are penal in nature.
The Grand Court of the Cayman Islands may stay proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being
brought elsewhere.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(a) On January 19, 2011, warrants to purchase 242,718 common shares were exercised at an
exercise price of $15.50 per common share. The holder of the warrant elected to use a cashless
exercise feature of the warrants resulting in a net issuance of 187,807 common shares. The issuance
was exempt from registration under Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in reliance on Section 4(2)
as a transaction by an issuer not involving any public offering. No general solicitation or
advertising was involved.
(c) Our original share repurchase program announced on April 18, 2007, expired on April 17,
2009 pursuant to its terms. On April 30, 2009, our board of directors authorized a new program to
repurchase up to $300 million of our common shares during the next two years, at such times and
prices as determined by management. On May 3, 2010, our board of directors approved an
increase to the share repurchase authorization from $300 million
to $1 billion. In addition, our board of directors approved the extension of the expiration date of the share repurchase
program from April 2011 to December 2014. We did not
repurchase any common shares in the open market during
the three months ended March 31, 2011. As of March 31, 2011, the remaining authorized capacity
under the Companys share repurchase program was approximately $776.7 million.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. (Removed and Reserved)
None.
Item 5. Other Information
(a) None.
(b) None.
53
Item 6. Exhibits
(a) Exhibit Index:
EXHIBIT INDEX
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Exhibit |
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Number |
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Description |
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Reference |
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3.1 |
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Form of Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of Herbalife
Ltd.
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(d) |
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4.1 |
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Form of Share Certificate
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(d) |
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10.1 |
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Form of Indemnity Agreement between Herbalife International Inc. and certain
officers and directors of Herbalife International Inc.
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(a) |
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10.2# |
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Herbalife International of America, Inc.s Senior Executive Deferred
Compensation Plan, effective January 1, 1996, as amended
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(a) |
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10.3# |
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Herbalife International of America, Inc.s Management Deferred Compensation
Plan, effective January 1, 1996, as amended
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(a) |
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10.4# |
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Master Trust Agreement between Herbalife International of America, Inc. and
Imperial Trust Company, Inc., effective January 1, 1996
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(a) |
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10.5# |
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Herbalife International Inc. 401K Profit Sharing Plan and Trust, as amended
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(a) |
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10.6 |
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Notice to Distributors regarding Amendment to Agreements of Distributorship,
dated as of July 18, 2002 between Herbalife International, Inc. and each
Herbalife Distributor
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(a) |
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10.7 |
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Indemnity agreement dated as of July 31, 2002, by and among WH Holdings (Cayman
Islands) Ltd., WH Acquisition Corp., Whitney & Co., LLC, Whitney V, L.P.,
Whitney Strategic Partners V, L.P., GGC Administration, L.L.C., Golden Gate
Private Equity, Inc., CCG Investments (BVI), L.P., CCG Associates-AI, LLC, CCG
Investment Fund-AI, LP, CCG AV, LLC-Series C, CCG AV, LLC-Series C, CCG AV,
LLC-Series E, CCG Associates-QP, LLC and WH Investments Ltd.
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(a) |
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10.8# |
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WH Holdings (Cayman Islands) Ltd. Stock Incentive Plan, as restated, dated as of
November 5, 2003
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(a) |
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10.9# |
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Non-Statutory Stock Option Agreement, dated as of April 3, 2003 between WH
Holdings (Cayman Islands) Ltd. and Michael O. Johnson
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(a) |
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10.10# |
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Side Letter Agreement dated as of April 3, 2003 by and among WH Holdings (Cayman
Islands) Ltd., Michael O. Johnson and the Shareholders listed therein
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(a) |
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10.11# |
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Form of Non-Statutory Stock Option Agreement (Non-Executive Agreement)
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(a) |
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10.12# |
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Form of Non-Statutory Stock Option Agreement (Executive Agreement)
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(a) |
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10.13 |
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Indemnity Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2004, among WH Capital Corporation
and Brett R. Chapman
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(a) |
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10.14 |
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First Amendment to Amended and Restated WH Holdings (Cayman Islands) Ltd. Stock
Incentive Plan, dated November 5, 2003
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(a) |
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10.15 |
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Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2002, by and among WH
Holdings (Cayman Islands) Ltd., Whitney V, L.P., Whitney Strategic Partners V,
L.P., WH Investments Ltd., CCG Investments (BVI), L.P., CCG Associates-QP, LLC,
CCG Associates-AI, LLC, CCG Investment Fund-AI, L.P., CCG AV, LLC-Series C and
CCG AV, LLC-Series E.
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(b) |
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10.16 |
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Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2002, by and among WH Holdings
(Cayman Islands) Ltd., Whitney Strategic Partners V, L.P., WH Investments Ltd.,
Whitney V, L.P., CCG Investments (BVI), L.P., CCG Associates-QP, LLC, CCG
Associates-AI, LLC, CCG Investment Fund-AI, LP, CCG AV, LLC-Series C and CCG AV,
LLC-Series E.
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(b) |
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10.17 |
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Form of Indemnification Agreement between Herbalife Ltd. and the directors and
certain officers of Herbalife Ltd.
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(c) |
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10.18# |
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Herbalife Ltd. 2004 Stock Incentive Plan, effective December 1, 2004
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(c) |
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10.19 |
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Indemnification Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004, by and among Herbalife
Ltd., Herbalife International, Inc., Whitney V, L.P., Whitney Strategic Partners
V, L.P., CCG Investments (BVI), L.P., CCG Associates-QP, LLC, CCG Associates-AI,
LLC, CCG Investment Fund-AI, LP, CCG AV, LLC-Series C, CCG AV, LLC-Series E, CCG
CI, LLC and GGC Administration, LLC.
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(d) |
54
|
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Exhibit |
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Number |
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Description |
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Reference |
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10.20# |
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Amendment No. 1 to Herbalife Ltd. 2004 Stock Incentive Plan
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(e) |
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10.21# |
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Form of 2004 Herbalife Ltd. 2004 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement
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(n) |
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10.22# |
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Form of 2004 Herbalife Ltd. 2004 Stock Incentive Plan Non-Employee Director
Stock Option Agreement
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(n) |
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10.23# |
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Amended and Restated Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan
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(f) |
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10.24# |
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Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Unit Award Agreement
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* |
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10.25# |
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Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Appreciation Right Award
Agreement
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* |
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10.26# |
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Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Unit Award Agreement
applicable to Michael O Johnson
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* |
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10.27# |
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Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Appreciation Right Award
Agreement applicable to Michael O. Johnson
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* |
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10.28# |
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Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Unit Award Agreement
applicable to Messrs. Richard P. Goudis and Brett R. Chapman
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|
* |
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10.29# |
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|
Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Appreciation Right Award
Agreement applicable to Messrs. Richard P. Goudis and Brett R. Chapman
|
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* |
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10.30# |
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Amendment dated October 24, 2006, to Stock Option Agreement by and between
Herbalife Ltd. and Richard P. Goudis dated June 14, 2004
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(g) |
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10.31# |
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Amendment dated October 24, 2006, to Stock Option Agreement by and between
Herbalife Ltd. and Richard P. Goudis dated September 1, 2004
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(g) |
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10.32# |
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Amendment dated October 24, 2006, to Stock Option Agreement by and between
Herbalife Ltd. and Richard P. Goudis dated December 1, 2004
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(g) |
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10.33# |
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Amendment dated October 24, 2006, to Stock Option Agreement by and between
Herbalife Ltd. and Richard P. Goudis dated April 27, 2005
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(g) |
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10.34# |
|
|
Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Unit Award Agreement
applicable to Mr. Michael O. Johnson
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(h) |
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10.35# |
|
|
Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Appreciation Right Award
Agreement applicable to Mr. Michael O. Johnson
|
|
(h) |
|
10.36# |
|
|
Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Unit Award Agreement
applicable to Messrs. Brett R. Chapman and Richard Goudis
|
|
(h) |
|
10.37# |
|
|
Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Appreciation Right Award
Agreement applicable to Messrs. Brett R. Chapman and Richard Goudis
|
|
(h) |
|
10.38# |
|
|
Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Unit Award Agreement
|
|
(h) |
|
10.39# |
|
|
Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Appreciation Right Award
Agreement
|
|
(h) |
|
10.40# |
|
|
Herbalife Ltd. Employee Stock Purchase Plan
|
|
(i) |
|
10.41# |
|
|
Employment Agreement dated as of March 27, 2008 between Michael O. Johnson and
Herbalife International of America, Inc.
|
|
(j) |
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10.42# |
|
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Stock Unit Award Agreement by and between Herbalife Ltd. and Michael O. Johnson,
dated March 27, 2008.
|
|
(j) |
|
10.43# |
|
|
Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement by and between Herbalife Ltd. and
Michael O. Johnson, dated March 27, 2008.
|
|
(j) |
|
10.44# |
|
|
Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement by and between Herbalife Ltd. and
Michael O. Johnson, dated March 27, 2008.
|
|
(j) |
|
10.45# |
|
|
Amendment to Herbalife International Inc. 401K Profit Sharing Plan and Trust
|
|
(k) |
|
10.46# |
|
|
Form of Independent Directors Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement
|
|
(l) |
|
10.47# |
|
|
Herbalife Ltd. Amended and Restated Independent Directors Deferred Compensation
and Stock Unit Plan
|
|
(l) |
|
10.48# |
|
|
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between Richard P. Goudis and
Herbalife International of America, Inc., dated as of January 1, 2010.
|
|
(m) |
|
10.49# |
|
|
Severance Agreement by and between Desmond Walsh and Herbalife International of
America, Inc., dated as of January 1, 2010.
|
|
(m) |
|
10.50# |
|
|
Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Unit Award Agreement
|
|
(n) |
|
10.51# |
|
|
Amended and Restated Non-Management Directors Compensation Plan
|
|
(n) |
55
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
|
Number |
|
Description |
|
Reference |
|
10.52# |
|
|
Amendment to Form of Non-Employee Directors Stock Appreciation Right Award
Agreement
|
|
(n) |
|
10.53# |
|
|
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between Brett Chapman and
Herbalife International of America, Inc., dated as of June 1, 2010.
|
|
(o) |
|
10.54# |
|
|
First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between
Richard P. Goudis and Herbalife International of America, Inc., dated as of
December 28, 2010.
|
|
(p) |
|
10.55# |
|
|
First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between
Brett R. Chapman and Herbalife International of America, Inc., dated as of
December 26, 2010.
|
|
(p) |
|
10.56# |
|
|
Severance Agreement by and between John DeSimone and Herbalife International of
America, Inc., dated as of February 23, 2011.
|
|
(q) |
|
10.57# |
|
|
Amended and Restated Severance Agreement, dated as of February 23, 2011, by
Desmond Walsh and Herbalife International of America, Inc.
|
|
(q) |
|
10.58 |
|
|
Form of Credit Agreement, dated as of March 9, 2011, by and among Herbalife
International, Inc. (HII), Herbalife Ltd.., Herbalife International Luxembourg
S.a.R.L., certain subsidiaries of HII as guarantors, the lenders from time to
time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing
Line Lender and L/C Issuer.
|
|
* |
|
31.1 |
|
|
Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer
|
|
* |
|
31.2 |
|
|
Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer
|
|
* |
|
32.1 |
|
|
Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
|
|
* |
|
101.INS |
|
|
XBRL Instance Document
|
|
** |
|
101.SCH |
|
|
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
|
|
** |
|
101.CAL |
|
|
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
|
|
** |
|
101.LAB |
|
|
Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
|
|
** |
|
101.PRE |
|
|
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
|
|
** |
|
|
|
* |
|
Filed herewith. |
** |
|
Furnished, not filed. |
|
# |
|
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. |
|
(a) |
|
Previously filed on October 1, 2004 as an Exhibit to the Companys registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-119485) and is
incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(b) |
|
Previously filed on November 9, 2004 as an Exhibit to Amendment No. 2 to the Companys registration statement on Form S-1 (File
No. 333-119485) and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(c) |
|
Previously filed on December 2, 2004 as an Exhibit to Amendment No. 4 to the Companys registration statement on Form S-1 (File
No. 333-119485) and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(d) |
|
Previously filed on December 14, 2004 as an Exhibit to Amendment No. 5 to the Companys registration statement on Form S-1 (File
No. 333-119485) and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(e) |
|
Previously filed on February 17, 2005 as an Exhibit to the Companys registration statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-122871) and
is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(f) |
|
Previously filed on April 30, 2010 as an Exhibit to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by
reference. |
|
(g) |
|
Previously filed on October 26, 2006 as an Exhibit to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by
reference. |
|
(h) |
|
Previously filed on June 1, 2007 as an Exhibit to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
(i) |
|
Previously filed on February 26, 2008 as an Exhibit to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2007 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
56
|
|
|
(j) |
|
Previously filed on April 7, 2008 as an Exhibit to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by
reference. |
|
(k) |
|
Previously filed on May 4, 2009 as an Exhibit to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009
and is incorporated by reference. |
|
(l) |
|
Previously filed on May 3, 2010 as an Exhibit to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010
and is incorporated by reference. |
|
(m) |
|
Previously filed on June 17, 2010 as an Exhibit to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by
reference. |
|
(n) |
|
Previously filed on August 2, 2010 as an Exhibit to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,
2010 and is incorporated by reference. |
|
(o) |
|
Previously filed on August 3, 2010 as an Exhibit to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by
reference. |
|
(p) |
|
Previously filed on December 29, 2010 as an Exhibit to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by
reference. |
|
(q) |
|
Previously filed on March 1, 2011 as an Exhibit to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by
reference. |
57
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly
caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
|
|
|
|
|
|
HERBALIFE LTD.
|
|
|
By: |
/s/ JOHN DESIMONE
|
|
|
|
John DeSimone |
|
|
|
Chief Financial Officer |
|
|
Dated: May 2, 2011
58