e10vq
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
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þ |
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2008
OR
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o |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-14905
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware
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47-0813844 |
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(State or other jurisdiction of
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(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
incorporation or organization) |
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1440 Kiewit Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68131
(Address of principal executive office)
(Zip Code)
(402) 346-1400
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2)
has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES þ NO o
Indicate by check mark whether
the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller
reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer
and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large
accelerated filer þ | Accelerated
filer o | Non-accelerated
filer o | Smaller reporting company o |
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell
company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the
Act). Yes o No þ
Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of April 25, 2008:
Class A 1,080,213
Class B 14,059,262
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
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Page No. |
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5-14 |
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15-26 |
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26 |
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26 |
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27 |
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27 |
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27 |
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27 |
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Exhibit 31 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications |
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28-29 |
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Exhibit 32 Section 1350 Certifications |
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30-31 |
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1
Part I Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(dollars in millions except per share amounts)
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March 31, |
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December 31, |
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2008 |
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2007 |
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(Unaudited) |
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ASSETS |
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Insurance and Other: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
31,102 |
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$ |
37,703 |
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Investments: |
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Fixed maturity securities |
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31,775 |
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28,515 |
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Equity securities |
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72,554 |
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74,999 |
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Loans and receivables |
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15,505 |
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13,157 |
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Inventories |
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6,715 |
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5,793 |
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Property, plant and equipment and leased assets |
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16,221 |
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9,969 |
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Goodwill |
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26,941 |
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26,306 |
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Deferred charges reinsurance assumed |
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3,864 |
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3,987 |
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Other |
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9,470 |
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7,797 |
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214,147 |
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208,226 |
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Utilities and Energy: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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2,187 |
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1,178 |
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Property, plant and equipment |
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26,555 |
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26,221 |
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Goodwill |
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5,588 |
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5,543 |
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Other |
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6,117 |
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6,246 |
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40,447 |
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39,188 |
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Finance and Financial Products: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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2,277 |
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5,448 |
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Investments in fixed maturity securities |
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6,864 |
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3,056 |
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Loans and finance receivables |
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12,956 |
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12,359 |
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Goodwill |
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1,015 |
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1,013 |
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Other |
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3,341 |
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3,870 |
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26,453 |
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25,746 |
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$ |
281,047 |
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$ |
273,160 |
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LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
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Insurance and Other: |
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Losses and loss adjustment expenses |
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$ |
56,442 |
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$ |
56,002 |
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Unearned premiums |
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8,004 |
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6,680 |
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Life and health insurance benefits |
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3,933 |
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3,804 |
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Other policyholder liabilities |
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4,204 |
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4,089 |
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Accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities |
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10,985 |
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10,672 |
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Notes payable and other borrowings |
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3,730 |
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2,680 |
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87,298 |
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83,927 |
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Utilities and Energy: |
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Accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities |
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6,122 |
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6,043 |
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Notes payable and other borrowings |
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19,640 |
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19,002 |
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25,762 |
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25,045 |
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Finance and Financial Products: |
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Accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities |
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2,693 |
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2,931 |
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Derivative contract liabilities |
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9,471 |
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6,887 |
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Notes payable and other borrowings |
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12,807 |
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12,144 |
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24,971 |
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21,962 |
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Income taxes, principally deferred |
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19,370 |
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18,825 |
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Total liabilities |
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157,401 |
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149,759 |
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Minority shareholders interests |
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4,274 |
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2,668 |
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Shareholders equity: |
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Common stock: |
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Class A, $5 par value; Class B,
$0.1667 par value |
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8 |
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8 |
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Capital in excess of par value |
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27,100 |
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26,952 |
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Accumulated other comprehensive income |
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19,171 |
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21,620 |
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Retained earnings |
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73,093 |
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72,153 |
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Total shareholders equity |
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119,372 |
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120,733 |
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$ |
281,047 |
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$ |
273,160 |
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See accompanying Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
2
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
(dollars in millions except per share amounts)
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First Quarter |
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2008 |
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2007 |
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(Unaudited) |
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Revenues: |
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Insurance and Other: |
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Insurance premiums earned |
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$ |
6,209 |
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$ |
13,514 |
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Sales and service revenues |
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14,760 |
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13,223 |
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Interest, dividend and other investment income |
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1,184 |
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1,120 |
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Investment gains/losses |
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115 |
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442 |
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22,268 |
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28,299 |
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Utilities and Energy: |
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Operating revenues |
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3,356 |
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3,224 |
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Other |
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38 |
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49 |
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3,394 |
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3,273 |
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Finance and Financial Products: |
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Interest income |
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438 |
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421 |
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Investment gains/losses |
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1 |
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Derivative gains/losses |
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(1,641 |
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143 |
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Other |
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716 |
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781 |
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(487 |
) |
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1,346 |
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25,175 |
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32,918 |
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Costs and expenses: |
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Insurance and Other: |
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Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses |
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4,040 |
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10,859 |
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Life and health insurance benefits |
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490 |
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435 |
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Insurance underwriting expenses |
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1,397 |
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1,293 |
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Cost of sales and services |
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12,108 |
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10,865 |
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Selling, general and administrative expenses |
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1,860 |
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1,641 |
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Interest expense |
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33 |
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43 |
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19,928 |
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25,136 |
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Utilities and Energy: |
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Cost of sales and operating expenses |
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2,584 |
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2,488 |
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Interest expense |
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294 |
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272 |
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2,878 |
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2,760 |
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Finance and Financial Products: |
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Interest expense |
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|
149 |
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|
148 |
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Other |
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|
767 |
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|
802 |
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916 |
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950 |
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23,722 |
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28,846 |
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Earnings before income taxes and minority interests |
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1,453 |
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|
4,072 |
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Income taxes |
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|
408 |
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1,388 |
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Minority shareholders interests |
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105 |
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89 |
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Net earnings |
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$ |
940 |
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$ |
2,595 |
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Average common shares outstanding * |
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1,548,395 |
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1,542,809 |
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Net earnings per common share * |
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$ |
607 |
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$ |
1,682 |
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* |
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Average shares outstanding include average Class A common shares and average Class B common
shares determined on an equivalent Class A common stock basis. Net earnings per share shown
above represents net earnings per equivalent Class A common share. Net earnings per Class B
common share is equal to one-thirtieth (1/30) of such amount. |
See accompanying Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
3
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
and Subsidiaries
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(dollars in millions)
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First Quarter |
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2008 |
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2007 |
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(Unaudited) |
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Net cash flows from operating activities |
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$ |
3,353 |
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$ |
4,625 |
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Cash flows from investing activities: |
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Purchases of fixed maturity securities |
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(10,511 |
) |
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(1,476 |
) |
Purchases of equity securities |
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(1,537 |
) |
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(5,310 |
) |
Sales of securities with fixed maturities |
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1,566 |
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|
891 |
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Redemptions and maturities of securities with fixed maturities |
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2,548 |
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4,713 |
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Sales of equity securities |
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104 |
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|
401 |
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Purchases of loans and finance receivables |
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(653 |
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(157 |
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Principal collections on loans and finance receivables |
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174 |
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|
190 |
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Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired |
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(4,873 |
) |
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(870 |
) |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment |
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(1,041 |
) |
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(1,228 |
) |
Other |
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|
881 |
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|
98 |
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Net cash flows from investing activities |
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(13,342 |
) |
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(2,748 |
) |
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Cash flows from financing activities: |
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Proceeds from borrowings of finance businesses |
|
|
2,068 |
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|
400 |
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Proceeds from borrowings of utilities and energy businesses |
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|
1,046 |
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|
751 |
|
Proceeds from other borrowings |
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|
58 |
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|
29 |
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Repayments of borrowings of finance businesses |
|
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(1,357 |
) |
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(66 |
) |
Repayments of borrowings of utilities and energy businesses |
|
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(399 |
) |
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(38 |
) |
Repayments of other borrowings |
|
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(88 |
) |
|
|
(512 |
) |
Change in short term borrowings |
|
|
(155 |
) |
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|
(178 |
) |
Other |
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|
32 |
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|
26 |
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Net cash flows from financing activities |
|
|
1,205 |
|
|
|
412 |
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|
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Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes |
|
|
21 |
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(5 |
) |
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|
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|
|
|
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Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
(8,763 |
) |
|
|
2,284 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year * |
|
|
44,329 |
|
|
|
43,743 |
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of first quarter * |
|
$ |
35,566 |
|
|
$ |
46,027 |
|
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Supplemental cash flow information: |
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|
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|
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Cash paid during the period for: |
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|
|
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|
|
|
Income taxes |
|
$ |
201 |
|
|
$ |
258 |
|
Interest of finance and financial products businesses |
|
|
145 |
|
|
|
147 |
|
Interest of utilities and energy businesses |
|
|
295 |
|
|
|
243 |
|
Interest of insurance and other businesses |
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
52 |
|
Non-cash investing activity: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities assumed in connection with acquisitions of businesses |
|
|
3,848 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of the following: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beginning of year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Insurance and Other |
|
$ |
37,703 |
|
|
$ |
37,977 |
|
Utilities and Energy |
|
|
1,178 |
|
|
|
343 |
|
Finance and Financial Products |
|
|
5,448 |
|
|
|
5,423 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
44,329 |
|
|
$ |
43,743 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
End of first quarter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Insurance and Other |
|
$ |
31,102 |
|
|
$ |
39,580 |
|
Utilities and Energy |
|
|
2,187 |
|
|
|
950 |
|
Finance and Financial Products |
|
|
2,277 |
|
|
|
5,497 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
35,566 |
|
|
$ |
46,027 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
4
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2008
Note 1. General
The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Berkshire
Hathaway Inc. (Berkshire or Company) consolidated with the accounts of all its subsidiaries and
affiliates in which Berkshire holds a controlling financial interest as of the financial statement
date. Reference is made to Berkshires most recently issued Annual Report on Form 10-K (Annual
Report) that included information necessary or useful to understanding Berkshires businesses and
financial statement presentations. In particular, Berkshires significant accounting policies and
practices were presented as Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual
Report. Certain amounts in 2007 have been reclassified to conform with the current year
presentation. Financial information in this Report reflects any adjustments (consisting only of
normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to a fair statement
of results for the interim periods in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in
the United States (GAAP).
For a number of reasons, Berkshires results for interim periods are not normally indicative
of results to be expected for the year. The timing and magnitude of catastrophe losses incurred by
insurance subsidiaries and the estimation error inherent to the process of determining liabilities
for unpaid losses of insurance subsidiaries can be relatively more significant to results of
interim periods than to results for a full year. Investment gains/losses are recorded when
investments are sold, other-than-temporarily impaired or in instances as required under GAAP, when
investments are marked-to-market. Variations in the amounts and timing of investment gains/losses
can cause significant variations in periodic net earnings. In addition, changes in the fair value
of derivative assets/liabilities associated with derivative contracts that do not qualify for hedge
accounting treatment can cause significant variations in periodic net earnings.
Note 2. Business acquisitions
Berkshires long-held acquisition strategy is to purchase businesses with consistent earnings,
good returns on equity, able and honest management and at sensible prices. On March 30, 2007,
Berkshire acquired TTI, Inc., a privately held electronic components distributor headquartered in
Fort Worth, Texas. TTI, Inc. is a leading distributor of passive, interconnect and
electromechanical components. Effective April 1, 2007, Berkshire acquired the intimate apparel
business of VF Corporation. During 2007, Berkshire also acquired other relatively smaller
businesses. Consideration paid for all businesses acquired in 2007 was approximately $1.6 billion.
On March 18, 2008, Berkshire acquired 60% of Marmon Holdings, Inc. (Marmon), a private
company owned by trusts for the benefit of members of the Pritzker Family of Chicago for $4.5
billion. In April 2008, Berkshire acquired an additional 4.4% interest in Marmon for $329 million.
In addition, under the terms of the purchase agreement, Berkshire will acquire the remaining 35.6%
through staged acquisitions over a five to six year period for consideration to be based on the
future earnings of Marmon.
Marmon consists of 125 manufacturing and service businesses that operate independently within
diverse business sectors. These sectors are Wire & Cable, serving energy related markets,
residential and non-residential construction and other industries; Transportation Services &
Engineered Products, including railroad tank cars and intermodal tank containers; Highway
Technologies, primarily serving the heavy-duty highway transportation industry; Distribution
Services for specialty pipe and steel tubing; Flow Products, producing a variety of metal products
and materials for the plumbing, HVAC/R, construction and industrial markets; Industrial Products,
including metal fasteners, safety products and metal fabrication; Construction Services, providing
the leasing and operation of mobile cranes primarily to the energy, mining and petrochemical
markets; Water Treatment equipment for residential, commercial and industrial applications; and
Retail Services, providing store fixtures, food preparation equipment and related services. Marmon
has approximately 20,000 employees and operates more than 250 manufacturing, distribution and
service facilities, primarily in North America, Europe and China. Consolidated revenues in 2007
were approximately $7 billion.
A preliminary purchase price allocation related to the Marmon acquisition is summarized below
(in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
Assets: |
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
217 |
|
Accounts receivable |
|
|
970 |
|
Inventories |
|
|
841 |
|
Property, plant and equipment and leased assets |
|
|
6,195 |
|
Other, primarily goodwill and intangible assets |
|
|
1,822 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
10,045 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and net assets: |
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities |
|
$ |
1,025 |
|
Notes payable and other borrowings |
|
|
1,071 |
|
Income taxes, principally deferred |
|
|
1,737 |
|
Minority shareholders interest |
|
|
1,712 |
|
Net assets acquired |
|
|
4,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
10,045 |
|
|
|
|
|
5
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 2. Business acquisitions (Continued)
The results of operations for each of the businesses acquired are included in Berkshires
consolidated results from the effective date of each acquisition. The following table sets forth
certain unaudited pro forma consolidated earnings data for the first three months of 2008 and 2007,
as if each acquisition was consummated on the same terms at the beginning of each year. Amounts are
in millions, except earnings per share.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
2007 |
Total revenues |
|
$ |
26,587 |
|
|
$ |
35,259 |
|
Net earnings |
|
|
930 |
|
|
|
2,596 |
|
Earnings per equivalent Class A common share |
|
|
601 |
|
|
|
1,683 |
|
Note 3. Investments in fixed maturity securities
Data with respect to investments in fixed maturity securities follows (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Insurance and other |
|
|
Finance and financial products |
|
|
|
Mar. 31, 2008 |
|
|
Dec. 31, 2007 |
|
|
Mar. 31, 2008 |
|
|
Dec. 31, 2007 |
|
Amortized cost |
|
$ |
30,302 |
|
|
$ |
27,133 |
|
|
$ |
5,136 |
|
|
$ |
1,358 |
|
Gross unrealized gains |
|
|
1,594 |
|
|
|
1,491 |
|
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
115 |
|
Gross unrealized losses |
|
|
(121 |
) |
|
|
(109 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value |
|
$ |
31,775 |
* |
|
$ |
28,515 |
|
|
$ |
5,256 |
** |
|
$ |
1,473 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Includes $2.9 billion in Federal Home Loan Bank discount notes that when purchased had
maturity dates of more than three months but no greater than six months. |
|
** |
|
Includes $3.8 billion of investment grade auction rate securities and variable rate demand
notes issued by various states, municipalities and political subdivisions. The interest rates
on these instruments are variable and are periodically reset at up to 35 day intervals. |
Certain other fixed maturity investments of finance businesses are classified as
held-to-maturity, which are carried at amortized cost. The carrying value and fair value of these
investments totaled $1,608 million and $1,791 million at March 31, 2008, respectively. At December
31, 2007, the carrying value and fair value of held-to-maturity securities totaled $1,583 million
and $1,758 million, respectively. Unrealized losses at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007
included $34 million and $60 million, respectively, related to securities that have been in an
unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. Berkshire has the ability and intent to hold these
securities until fair value recovers.
Note 4. Investments in equity securities
Data with respect to investments in equity securities are shown in the tabulation below (in
millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Total cost |
|
$ |
46,329 |
|
|
$ |
44,695 |
|
Gross unrealized gains |
|
|
28,101 |
|
|
|
31,289 |
|
Gross unrealized losses * |
|
|
(1,876 |
) |
|
|
(985 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fair value |
|
$ |
72,554 |
|
|
$ |
74,999 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Gross unrealized losses at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 included $749 million and
$566 million, respectively, related to individual purchases of securities in which Berkshire
had gross unrealized gains of $3.5 billion at March 31, 2008 and $3.2 billion at December 31,
2007 in the same securities. Substantially all of the gross unrealized losses pertain to
security positions that have been held for less than 12 months. Berkshire has the ability and
intent to hold these securities until fair value recovers. |
Note 5. Derivative contracts of finance and financial products businesses
Berkshire utilizes derivatives in order to manage certain economic business risks as well as
to assume specified amounts of market risk from others. The contracts summarized in the following
table, with limited exceptions, are not designated as hedges for financial reporting purposes.
Changes in the fair values of derivative assets and derivative liabilities that do not qualify as
hedges are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings as derivative gains/losses. Master
netting agreements are utilized to manage counterparty credit risk, where gains and losses are
netted across other contracts with that counterparty.
Under certain circumstances, including a downgrade of its credit rating below specified
levels, Berkshire may be required to post collateral against derivative contract liabilities.
However, Berkshire is not required to post collateral with respect to most of its long-dated credit
default and equity index put option contracts. At March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, Berkshire had posted no collateral with counterparties as security on
derivative contract liabilities.
6
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 5. Derivative contracts of finance and financial products businesses (Continued)
A summary of the fair value and gross notional value of open derivative contracts of finance
and financial products businesses follows. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008 |
|
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notional |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notional |
|
|
|
Assets * |
|
|
Liabilities |
|
|
Value |
|
|
Assets * |
|
|
Liabilities |
|
|
Value |
|
Credit default obligations |
|
$ |
7 |
|
|
$ |
2,505 |
|
|
$ |
8,487 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
1,838 |
|
|
$ |
4,660 |
|
Equity index put options |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,171 |
|
|
|
40,088 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,610 |
|
|
|
35,043 |
|
Other |
|
|
629 |
|
|
|
795 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
749 |
|
|
|
489 |
|
|
|
|
|
Adjustment for counterparty netting |
|
|
(304 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(50 |
) |
|
|
(50 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivative contract assets and liabilities |
|
$ |
332 |
|
|
$ |
9,471 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
699 |
|
|
$ |
6,887 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Included in other assets of finance and financial products businesses. |
Note 6. Fair value measurements
Effective January 1, 2008, Berkshire adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157, Fair Value
Measurements (SFAS 157) with respect to fair value measurements of financial assets and
liabilities. Under SFAS 157, fair value is the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability
between market participants as of the measurement date. Fair value measurements assume the asset
or liability is exchanged in an orderly manner; the exchange is in the principal market for that
asset or liability (or in the most advantageous market when no principal market exists); and the
market participants are independent, knowledgeable, able and willing to transact an exchange. SFAS
157 also clarifies that the reporting entitys nonperformance risk (credit risk) should be
considered in valuing liabilities.
SFAS 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value by creating a hierarchy for
observable independent market inputs and unobservable market assumptions and expands disclosures
about fair value measurements. Considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data used
to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not
necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current market exchange. The use
of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the
estimated fair value.
Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31,
2008 are summarized in the following table by the type of inputs applicable to the fair value
measurements (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quoted |
|
Significant Other |
|
Significant |
|
|
Total |
|
Prices |
|
Observable Inputs |
|
Unobservable Inputs |
|
|
Fair Value |
|
(Level 1) |
|
(Level 2) |
|
(Level 3) |
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Insurance and other: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in fixed maturity securities |
|
$ |
31,775 |
|
|
$ |
6,092 |
|
|
$ |
25,448 |
|
|
$ |
235 |
|
Investments in equity securities |
|
|
72,554 |
|
|
|
72,129 |
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
315 |
|
Finance and financial products: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in fixed maturity securities |
|
$ |
7,047 |
|
|
$ |
36 |
|
|
$ |
6,862 |
|
|
$ |
149 |
|
Other |
|
|
332 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
298 |
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finance and financial products: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivative contract liabilities |
|
$ |
9,471 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
461 |
|
|
$ |
9,010 |
|
A description of the inputs used in the valuation of assets and liabilities reflected in the
preceding table follows:
Level 1 Inputs represent unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or
liabilities exchanged in active markets.
Level 2 Inputs include directly or indirectly observable inputs other than Level 1
inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities exchanged in active or inactive
markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities exchanged in inactive markets; other
inputs that are considered in fair value determinations of the assets or liabilities, such as
interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals, volatilities,
prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates; and inputs that are derived
principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
7
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 6. Fair value measurements (Continued)
Level 3 Inputs are unobservable inputs that are used in the measurement of assets
and liabilities. Management is required to use its own assumptions regarding unobservable inputs
because there is little, if any, market activity in the asset or liability or related observable
inputs that can be corroborated at the measurement date. Measurements of non-exchange traded
derivative contract assets and liabilities are primarily based on valuation models, discounted
cash flow models or other valuation techniques that are believed to be used by market
participants. Unobservable inputs require management to make certain projections and assumptions
about the information that would be used by market participants in pricing an asset or liability.
A reconciliation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis with
the use of significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) from January 1, 2008 to March 31, 2008 follows
(in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Insurance and other |
|
|
Finance and financial products |
|
|
|
Investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in fixed |
|
|
Investments |
|
|
in fixed |
|
|
|
|
|
Derivative |
|
|
|
maturity |
|
|
in equity |
|
|
maturity |
|
|
Other |
|
|
contract |
|
|
|
securities |
|
|
securities |
|
|
securities |
|
|
assets |
|
|
liabilities |
|
Balance at January 1, 2008 |
|
$ |
239 |
|
|
$ |
356 |
|
|
$ |
154 |
|
|
$ |
39 |
|
|
$ |
(6,487 |
) |
Gains (losses) included in: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings * |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(1,662 |
) |
Other comprehensive income |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(41 |
) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases, issuances and settlements |
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(861 |
) |
Transfers into (out of) Level 3 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at March 31, 2008 |
|
$ |
235 |
|
|
$ |
315 |
|
|
$ |
149 |
|
|
$ |
34 |
|
|
$ |
(9,010 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Gains and losses related to changes in valuations are included in the Consolidated Statements
of Earnings as a component of investment gains/losses or derivative gains/losses, as
appropriate. Substantially all of the losses included in earnings were unrealized losses
related to liabilities outstanding as of March 31, 2008. |
Effective
January 1, 2008, Berkshire adopted SFAS No. 159, The
Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115,
which permits entities to elect to measure eligible items at fair
value at specified dates. Berkshire did not elect the fair value
option for any eligible items.
Note 7. Loans and receivables
Receivables of insurance and other businesses are comprised of the following (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Insurance premiums receivable |
|
$ |
5,162 |
|
|
$ |
4,215 |
|
Reinsurance recoverables |
|
|
3,269 |
|
|
|
3,171 |
|
Trade and other receivables |
|
|
7,466 |
|
|
|
6,127 |
|
Allowances for uncollectible accounts |
|
|
(392 |
) |
|
|
(356 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
15,505 |
|
|
$ |
13,157 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans and finance receivables of finance and financial products businesses are comprised of
the following (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Consumer installment loans and finance receivables |
|
$ |
12,103 |
|
|
$ |
11,506 |
|
Commercial loans and finance receivables |
|
|
1,009 |
|
|
|
1,003 |
|
Allowances for uncollectible loans |
|
|
(156 |
) |
|
|
(150 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
12,956 |
|
|
$ |
12,359 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 8. Property, plant and equipment of utilities and energy businesses
Property, plant and equipment of the utilities and energy businesses are summarized as follows
(in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ranges of |
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
estimated useful life |
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Utility generation, distribution and transmission system |
|
5-85 years |
|
$ |
30,872 |
|
|
$ |
30,369 |
|
Interstate pipeline assets |
|
3-67 years |
|
|
5,462 |
|
|
|
5,484 |
|
Independent power plants and other assets |
|
3-30 years |
|
|
1,339 |
|
|
|
1,330 |
|
Construction in progress |
|
|
|
|
1,756 |
|
|
|
1,745 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39,429 |
|
|
|
38,928 |
|
Accumulated depreciation and amortization |
|
|
|
|
(12,874 |
) |
|
|
(12,707 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
26,555 |
|
|
$ |
26,221 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The utility generation, distribution and transmission system and interstate pipeline assets
are the regulated assets of public utility and natural gas pipeline subsidiaries. At March 31,
2008 and December 31, 2007, accumulated depreciation and amortization related to regulated assets
totaled $12.4 billion and $12.3 billion, respectively. Substantially all of the construction in
progress at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 relate to the construction of regulated assets.
Note 9. Inventories
Inventories are comprised of the following (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Raw materials |
|
$ |
1,143 |
|
|
$ |
897 |
|
Work in process and other |
|
|
691 |
|
|
|
479 |
|
Finished manufactured goods |
|
|
2,422 |
|
|
|
1,781 |
|
Purchased goods |
|
|
2,459 |
|
|
|
2,636 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
6,715 |
|
|
$ |
5,793 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 10. Income taxes, principally deferred
The liability for income taxes as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 as reflected in the
accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets is as follows (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Payable currently |
|
$ |
670 |
|
|
$ |
(182 |
) |
Deferred |
|
|
17,986 |
|
|
|
18,156 |
|
Other |
|
|
714 |
|
|
|
851 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
19,370 |
|
|
$ |
18,825 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 11. Notes payable and other borrowings
Notes payable and other borrowings of Berkshire and its subsidiaries are summarized below (in
millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Insurance and other: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued or guaranteed by Berkshire |
|
$ |
1,691 |
|
|
$ |
1,682 |
|
Issued by subsidiaries and not guaranteed by Berkshire |
|
|
2,039 |
|
|
|
998 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
3,730 |
|
|
$ |
2,680 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of March 31, 2008, notes payable and other borrowings issued by subsidiaries included $1.1
billion of Marmon borrowings (See Note 2).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Utilities and energy: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued by MidAmerican and its subsidiaries and not guaranteed by Berkshire: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MidAmerican senior unsecured debt |
|
$ |
6,120 |
|
|
$ |
5,471 |
|
Subsidiary and project debt |
|
|
13,215 |
|
|
|
13,227 |
|
Other |
|
|
305 |
|
|
|
304 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
19,640 |
|
|
$ |
19,002 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 11. Notes payable and other borrowings (Continued)
Subsidiary and project debt of utilities and energy businesses represents amounts issued by
subsidiaries of MidAmerican pursuant to separate project financing agreements. All or
substantially all of the assets of certain utility subsidiaries are or may be pledged or encumbered
to support or otherwise secure the debt. These borrowing arrangements generally contain various
covenants including, but not limited to, leverage ratios, interest coverage ratios and debt service
coverage ratios. As of March 31, 2008, MidAmerican and its subsidiaries were in compliance with
all applicable covenants. During the first quarter of 2008, MidAmerican and its subsidiaries
issued $1.0 billion of notes maturing in 2018 and repaid debt of $399 million. An additional $1.57
billion of debt is scheduled to mature over the remainder of 2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Finance and financial products: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued by Berkshire Hathaway Finance Corporation (BHFC) and guaranteed
by Berkshire |
|
$ |
9,635 |
|
|
$ |
8,886 |
|
Issued by other subsidiaries and guaranteed by Berkshire |
|
|
779 |
|
|
|
804 |
|
Issued by other subsidiaries and not guaranteed by Berkshire |
|
|
2,393 |
|
|
|
2,454 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
12,807 |
|
|
$ |
12,144 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In January 2008, BHFC issued $2 billion of senior notes including $1.5 billion of notes due in
2011 and $500 million of notes due in 2013 and repaid $1.25 billion of maturing notes. An
additional $1.85 billion of BHFC notes are scheduled to mature over the remainder of 2008.
Borrowings by BHFC are used to provide financing for consumer
installment loans.
Note 12. Common stock
The following table summarizes Berkshires common stock activity during the first quarter of
2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class A common stock |
|
Class B common stock |
|
|
(1,650,000 shares authorized) |
|
(55,000,000 shares authorized) |
|
|
Issued and Outstanding |
|
Issued and Outstanding |
Balance at December 31, 2007 |
|
|
1,081,024 |
|
|
|
14,000,080 |
|
Common stock issued |
|
|
955 |
|
|
|
5,520 |
|
Conversions of Class A common stock
to Class B common stock |
|
|
(1,222 |
) |
|
|
36,660 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at March 31, 2008 |
|
|
1,080,757 |
|
|
|
14,042,260 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Each share of Class A common stock is convertible, at the option of the holder, into thirty
shares of Class B common stock. Class B common stock is not convertible into Class A common stock.
Class B common stock has economic rights equal to one-thirtieth (1/30) of the economic rights of
Class A common stock. Accordingly, on an equivalent Class A common stock basis, there are
1,548,832 shares outstanding at March 31, 2008 and 1,547,693 shares outstanding at December 31,
2007. Each Class A common share is entitled to one vote per share. Each Class B common share
possesses the voting rights of one-two-hundredth (1/200) of the voting rights of a Class A share.
Class A and Class B common shares vote together as a single class. In January 2008, Berkshire
issued 955 shares of Class A common stock to acquire certain minority shareholder interests in
MidAmerican.
Note 13. Comprehensive income
Berkshires comprehensive income for the first quarter of 2008 and 2007 is shown in the table
below (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Net earnings |
|
$ |
940 |
|
|
$ |
2,595 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net decrease in unrealized appreciation of investments |
|
|
(3,998 |
) |
|
|
(1,866 |
) |
Applicable income taxes and minority interests |
|
|
1,420 |
|
|
|
659 |
|
Other |
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
Applicable income taxes and minority interests |
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,449 |
) |
|
|
(1,178 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income (loss) |
|
$ |
(1,509 |
) |
|
$ |
1,417 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 14. Equitas reinsurance agreement
In November 2006, the Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Groups lead insurance entity, National
Indemnity Company (NICO) and Equitas, a London based entity established to reinsure and manage
the 1992 and prior years non-life insurance and reinsurance liabilities of the Names or
Underwriters at Lloyds of London, entered into an agreement for NICO to initially provide up to
$5.7 billion and potentially provide up to an additional $1.3 billion of reinsurance to Equitas in
excess of its undiscounted loss and allocated loss adjustment expense reserves as of March 31,
2006. The transaction became effective on March 30, 2007.
NICO received substantially all of Equitas assets as consideration under the arrangement.
The fair value of such consideration was $7.1 billion which included cash, miscellaneous
receivables and a combination of fixed maturity and equity securities which were delivered in April
2007. The Consolidated Statement of Earnings in the first quarter of 2007 included premiums earned
of $7.1 billion and losses incurred of $7.1 billion from this transaction.
Note 15. Pension plans
The components of net periodic pension expense for the first quarter of 2008 and 2007 are as
follows (in millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Service cost |
|
$ |
47 |
|
|
$ |
50 |
|
Interest cost |
|
|
112 |
|
|
|
111 |
|
Expected return on plan assets |
|
|
(115 |
) |
|
|
(109 |
) |
Amortization of prior service costs and gains/losses |
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
53 |
|
|
$ |
68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 16. Accounting pronouncements to be adopted in the future
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations (SFAS
141R). SFAS 141R changes the accounting model for business combinations from a cost allocation
standard to a standard that provides, with limited exceptions, for the recognition of all
identifiable assets and liabilities of the business acquired at fair value, regardless of whether
the acquirer acquires 100% or a lesser controlling interest of the business. SFAS 141R defines the
acquisition date of a business acquisition as the date on which control is achieved (generally the
closing date of the acquisition). SFAS 141R requires the recognition of assets and liabilities
arising from contractual contingencies and non-contractual contingencies meeting a
more-likely-than-not threshold at fair value at the acquisition date. SFAS 141R also provides
for the recognition of acquisition costs as expenses when incurred and for certain expanded
disclosures. SFAS 141R is effective for business acquisitions with acquisition dates on or after
January 1, 2009.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated
Financial Statements an amendment of ARB No. 51 (SFAS 160). SFAS 160 establishes accounting and
reporting standards for non-controlling interests in subsidiaries and for the deconsolidation of a
subsidiary and also amends certain consolidation procedures for consistency with SFAS 141R. Under
SFAS 160, non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries (formerly known as minority
interests) are reported in the consolidated statement of financial position as a separate
component within shareholders equity. Net earnings and comprehensive income attributable to the
controlling and non-controlling interests are to be shown separately in the consolidated statements
of earnings and comprehensive income. Any changes in ownership interests of a non-controlling
interest where the parent retains a controlling interest in the subsidiary are to be reported as
equity transactions. SFAS 160 is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15,
2008. When adopted, SFAS 160 is to be applied prospectively at the beginning of the year, except
that the presentation and disclosure requirements are to be applied retrospectively for all periods
presented.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and
Hedging Activities an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 (SFAS 161). SFAS 161 requires
enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why derivative instruments are used, (b) how derivative
instruments and related hedged items are accounted for and (c) how derivative instruments and
related hedged items affect an entitys financial position, financial performance and cash flows.
SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods
beginning after November 15, 2008.
Berkshire is evaluating the impact that these pronouncements will have on its consolidated
financial statements but currently does not anticipate that the adoption of these pronouncements
will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position.
11
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 17. Business segment data
Berkshires consolidated segment data for the first quarter of 2008 and 2007 is as follows (in
millions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Operating Businesses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Insurance group: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums earned: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GEICO |
|
$ |
3,032 |
|
|
$ |
2,858 |
|
General Re |
|
|
1,704 |
|
|
|
1,602 |
|
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group |
|
|
984 |
|
|
|
8,580 |
|
Berkshire Hathaway Primary Group |
|
|
489 |
|
|
|
474 |
|
Investment income |
|
|
1,099 |
|
|
|
1,087 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total insurance group |
|
|
7,308 |
|
|
|
14,601 |
|
Finance and financial products |
|
|
1,158 |
|
|
|
1,203 |
|
McLane Company |
|
|
6,989 |
|
|
|
6,623 |
|
MidAmerican |
|
|
3,394 |
|
|
|
3,273 |
|
Shaw Industries |
|
|
1,224 |
|
|
|
1,285 |
|
Other businesses |
|
|
6,656 |
|
|
|
5,519 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26,729 |
|
|
|
32,504 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation of segments to consolidated amount: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment and derivative gains/losses |
|
|
(1,526 |
) |
|
|
588 |
|
Eliminations and other |
|
|
(28 |
) |
|
|
(174 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
25,175 |
|
|
$ |
32,918 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings (loss) before taxes |
|
|
|
and minority interests |
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Operating Businesses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Insurance group: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underwriting: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GEICO |
|
$ |
186 |
|
|
$ |
295 |
|
General Re |
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group |
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
553 |
|
Berkshire Hathaway Primary Group |
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
49 |
|
Net investment income |
|
|
1,089 |
|
|
|
1,078 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total insurance group |
|
|
1,371 |
|
|
|
2,005 |
|
Finance and financial products |
|
|
241 |
|
|
|
242 |
|
McLane Company |
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
58 |
|
MidAmerican |
|
|
516 |
|
|
|
513 |
|
Shaw Industries |
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
91 |
|
Other businesses |
|
|
721 |
|
|
|
632 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,973 |
|
|
|
3,541 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation of segments to consolidated amount: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment and derivative gains/losses |
|
|
(1,526 |
) |
|
|
588 |
|
Interest expense, excluding interest allocated to operating businesses |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
(15 |
) |
Eliminations and other |
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
(42 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
1,453 |
|
|
$ |
4,072 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 18. Contingencies
Berkshire and its subsidiaries are parties in a variety of legal actions arising out of the
normal course of business. In particular, such legal actions affect Berkshires insurance and
reinsurance businesses. Such litigation generally seeks to establish liability directly through
insurance contracts or indirectly through reinsurance contracts issued by Berkshire subsidiaries.
Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. Berkshire does not believe that such
normal and routine litigation will have a material effect on its financial condition or results of
operations. Berkshire and certain of its subsidiaries are also involved in other kinds of legal
actions, some of which assert or may assert claims or seek to impose fines and penalties in
substantial amounts.
a) Governmental Investigations
Berkshire, General Re Corporation (General Re) and certain of Berkshires insurance
subsidiaries, including General Reinsurance Corporation (General Reinsurance) and National
Indemnity Company (NICO) have been continuing to cooperate fully with the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC), the U.S. Department of Justice, the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern
District of Virginia and the New York State Attorney General (NYAG) in their ongoing
investigations of non-traditional products. General Re originally received subpoenas from the SEC
and NYAG in January 2005. Berkshire, General Re, General Reinsurance and NICO have been providing
information to the government relating to transactions between General Reinsurance or NICO (or
their respective subsidiaries or affiliates) and other insurers in response to the January 2005
subpoenas and related requests and, in the case of General Reinsurance (or its subsidiaries or
affiliates), in response to subpoenas from other U.S. Attorneys conducting investigations relating
to certain of these transactions. In particular, Berkshire and General Re have been responding to
requests from the government for information relating to certain transactions that may have been
accounted for incorrectly by counterparties of General Reinsurance (or its subsidiaries or
affiliates). The government has interviewed a number of current and former officers and employees
of General Re and General Reinsurance as well as Berkshires Chairman and CEO, Warren E. Buffett,
in connection with these investigations.
In one case, a transaction initially effected with American International Group (AIG) in
late 2000 (the AIG Transaction), AIG has corrected its prior accounting for the transaction on
the grounds, as stated in AIGs 2004 10-K, that the transaction was done to accomplish a desired
accounting result and did not entail sufficient qualifying risk transfer to support reinsurance
accounting. General Reinsurance has been named in related civil actions brought against AIG. As
part of their ongoing investigations, governmental authorities have also inquired about the
accounting by certain of Berkshires insurance subsidiaries for certain assumed and ceded finite
reinsurance transactions.
In June 2005, John Houldsworth, the former Chief Executive Officer of Cologne Reinsurance
Company (Dublin) Limited (CRD), a subsidiary of General Re, and Richard Napier, a former Senior
Vice President of General Re who had served as an account representative for the AIG account, each
pleaded guilty to a federal criminal charge of conspiring with others to misstate certain AIG
financial statements in connection with the AIG Transaction and entered into a partial settlement
agreement with the SEC with respect to such matters.
On February 25, 2008, Ronald Ferguson, General Res former Chief Executive Officer, Elizabeth
Monrad, General Res former Chief Financial Officer, Christopher Garand, a former General
Reinsurance Senior Vice President and Robert Graham, a former General Reinsurance Senior Vice
President and Assistant General Counsel, were each convicted in a trial in the U.S. District Court
for the District of Connecticut on charges of conspiracy, mail fraud, securities fraud and making
false statements to the SEC in connection with the AIG Transaction. These individuals have the
right to appeal their convictions. Following their convictions, each of these individuals agreed
to a judgment on a forfeiture allegation which required them to be jointly and severally liable for
a payment of $5 million to the U.S. government. This $5 million amount, which represented the fee
received by General Reinsurance in connection with the AIG Transaction, was paid by General
Reinsurance in April 2008. Each of these individuals, who had previously received a Wells notice
in 2005 from the SEC, is also the subject of an SEC enforcement action for allegedly aiding and
abetting AIGs violations of the antifraud provisions and other provisions of the federal
securities laws in connection with the AIG Transaction. The SEC case is presently stayed. Joseph
Brandon, who resigned as the Chief Executive Officer of General Re effective on April 14, 2008,
also received a Wells notice from the SEC in 2005.
Berkshire understands that the government is evaluating the actions of General Re and its
subsidiaries, as well as those of their counterparties, to determine whether General Re or its
subsidiaries conspired with others to misstate counterparty financial statements or aided and
abetted such misstatements by the counterparties. Berkshire believes that government authorities
are continuing to evaluate possible legal actions against General Re and its subsidiaries.
13
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 18. Contingencies (Continued)
Various state insurance departments have issued subpoenas or otherwise requested that General
Reinsurance, NICO and their affiliates provide documents and information relating to
non-traditional products. The Office of the Connecticut Attorney General has also issued a subpoena
to General Reinsurance for information relating to non-traditional products. General Reinsurance,
NICO and their affiliates have been cooperating fully with these subpoenas and requests.
CRD is also providing information to and cooperating fully with the Irish Financial Services
Regulatory Authority in its inquiries regarding the activities of CRD. The Office of the Director
of Corporate Enforcement in Ireland is conducting a preliminary evaluation in relation to CRD
concerning, in particular, transactions between CRD and AIG. CRD is cooperating fully with this
preliminary evaluation.
Berkshire cannot at this time predict the outcome of these matters and is unable to estimate a
range of possible loss and cannot predict whether or not the outcomes will have a material adverse
effect on Berkshires business or results of operations for at least the quarterly period when
these matters are completed or otherwise resolved.
b) Civil Litigation
Reference is made to Note 19 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2007 for detailed discussion of such actions. There have been no material developments related to
such actions since December 31, 2007.
14
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Results of Operations
Net earnings for the first quarter of 2008 and 2007 are disaggregated in the table that
follows. Amounts are after deducting income taxes and minority interests. Amounts are in
millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Insurance underwriting |
|
$ |
181 |
|
|
$ |
601 |
|
Insurance investment income |
|
|
802 |
|
|
|
748 |
|
Utilities and energy |
|
|
316 |
|
|
|
293 |
|
Manufacturing, service and retailing |
|
|
487 |
|
|
|
446 |
|
Finance and financial products |
|
|
147 |
|
|
|
155 |
|
Other |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(30 |
) |
Investment and derivative gains/losses |
|
|
(991 |
) |
|
|
382 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net earnings |
|
$ |
940 |
|
|
$ |
2,595 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Berkshires operating businesses are managed on an unusually decentralized basis. There are
essentially no centralized or integrated business functions (such as sales, marketing, purchasing,
legal or human resources) and there is minimal involvement by Berkshires corporate headquarters in
the day-to-day business activities of the operating businesses. Berkshires corporate office
management participates in and is ultimately responsible for significant capital allocation
decisions, investment activities and the selection of the Chief Executive to head each of the
operating businesses. The business segment data (Note 17 to the Interim Consolidated Financial
Statements) should be read in conjunction with this discussion.
Insurance Underwriting
A summary follows of underwriting results from Berkshires insurance businesses for the first
quarter of 2008 and 2007. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Underwriting gain attributable to: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GEICO |
|
$ |
186 |
|
|
$ |
295 |
|
General Re |
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group |
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
553 |
|
Berkshire Hathaway Primary Group |
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pre-tax underwriting gain |
|
|
282 |
|
|
|
927 |
|
Income taxes and minority interests |
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
326 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net underwriting gain |
|
$ |
181 |
|
|
$ |
601 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Berkshire engages in both primary insurance and reinsurance of property and casualty risks.
Through General Re, Berkshire also reinsures life and health risks. In primary insurance
activities, Berkshire subsidiaries assume defined portions of the risks of loss from persons or
organizations that are directly subject to the risks. In reinsurance activities, Berkshire
subsidiaries assume defined portions of similar or dissimilar risks that other insurers or
reinsurers have subjected themselves to in their own insuring activities. Berkshires principal
insurance and reinsurance businesses are: (1) GEICO, (2) General Re, (3) Berkshire Hathaway
Reinsurance Group and (4) Berkshire Hathaway Primary Group.
Berkshires management views insurance businesses as possessing two distinct operations
underwriting and investing. Underwriting decisions are the responsibility of the unit managers;
investing decisions are the
responsibility of Berkshires Chairman and CEO, Warren E.
Buffett, except for selected portfolios which are the responsibility
of investment managers at GEICO and General Re. Accordingly, Berkshire evaluates
performance of underwriting operations without any allocation of investment income.
A significant marketing strategy followed by all these businesses is the maintenance of
extraordinary capital strength. Combined statutory surplus of Berkshires insurance businesses
totaled approximately $62 billion at December 31, 2007. This superior capital strength creates
opportunities, especially with respect to reinsurance activities, to negotiate and enter into
insurance and reinsurance contracts specially designed to meet the unique needs of insurance and
reinsurance buyers.
Periodic underwriting results are affected significantly by changes in estimates for unpaid
losses and loss adjustment expenses, including amounts established for occurrences in prior years.
In addition, the timing and amount of catastrophe losses produce significant volatility in periodic
underwriting results. Hurricanes and tropical storms affecting the United States and Caribbean
tend to occur between June and December. Except for retroactive reinsurance business, underwriting
operations are managed with the objective of earning net underwriting gains over the long term.
15
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Insurance Underwriting (Continued)
Berkshire believes that underwriting gains in 2008 will be lower and perhaps significantly
lower than in 2007. Price competition has steadily increased over the past two years in most
property and casualty markets, which management believes will lead to lower underwriting margins.
In addition, Berkshires property and casualty reinsurance operations have benefited during the
past two years from relatively low levels of catastrophe losses, which investors should not assume
will recur in 2008. Additional information regarding Berkshires insurance and reinsurance
operations follows.
GEICO
GEICO primarily provides private passenger automobile coverages to insureds in 49 states and
the District of Columbia. GEICO policies are marketed mainly by direct response methods in which
customers apply for coverage directly to the company via the Internet, over the telephone or
through the mail. This is a significant element in GEICOs strategy to be a low cost insurer. In
addition, GEICO strives to provide excellent service to customers, with the goal of establishing
long-term customer relationships.
GEICOs underwriting results for the first quarter of 2008 and 2007 are summarized in the
table below. Dollar amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
Amount |
|
|
% |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
% |
|
Premiums earned |
|
$ |
3,032 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
$ |
2,858 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Losses and loss adjustment expenses |
|
|
2,285 |
|
|
|
75.4 |
|
|
|
2,043 |
|
|
|
71.5 |
|
Underwriting expenses |
|
|
561 |
|
|
|
18.5 |
|
|
|
520 |
|
|
|
18.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total losses and expenses |
|
|
2,846 |
|
|
|
93.9 |
|
|
|
2,563 |
|
|
|
89.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pre-tax underwriting gain |
|
$ |
186 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
295 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums earned in the first quarter of 2008 were $3,032 million, an increase of $174 million
(6.1%) over the first quarter of 2007. The growth in premiums earned for voluntary auto was 5.9%,
reflecting an 8.2% increase in policies-in-force, partially offset by a decline in average premiums
per policy over the past year. Average premiums per policy have stabilized somewhat during the
first quarter of 2008. Policies-in-force over the last twelve months increased 7.3% in the
preferred risk auto markets and 10.9% in the standard and nonstandard auto markets. Voluntary auto
new business sales in the first quarter of 2008 were relatively unchanged compared to 2007.
Voluntary auto policies-in-force at March 31, 2008 were 235,000 greater than at December 31, 2007.
Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred in the first quarter of 2008 were $2,285 million,
an increase of $242 million (11.8%) over the first quarter of 2007. The loss ratio was 75.4% in
the first quarter of 2008 compared to 71.5% in 2007. The higher loss ratio in 2008 reflected an
overall increase in average claim severities and the effect of lower average premiums per policy,
partially offset by overall declines in claim frequencies. Average injury severities in 2008
increased in the five to eight percent range while average physical damage severities increased in
the three to five percent range over 2007. Claims frequencies in 2008 for physical damage
coverages decreased in the four to eight percent range from 2007 while frequencies for injury
coverages decreased in the four to seven percent range. Incurred losses from catastrophe events
for the first quarter of 2008 and 2007 were not significant. Management anticipates that loss
ratios over the remainder of 2008 will be generally higher than in 2007, resulting in comparatively
lower underwriting gains. Underwriting expenses in the first quarter of 2008 increased 7.9% over
2007 to $561 million due primarily to higher advertising costs.
General Re
General Re conducts a reinsurance business offering property and casualty and life and health
coverages to clients worldwide. Property and casualty reinsurance is written in North America on a
direct basis through General Reinsurance Corporation and internationally through 95% owned Cologne
Re (based in Germany) and other wholly-owned affiliates. Property and casualty reinsurance is also
written through brokers by Faraday in London. Life and health reinsurance is written worldwide
through Cologne Re. General Re strives to generate underwriting gains in essentially all of its
product lines. Underwriting performance is not evaluated based upon market share and underwriters
are instructed to reject inadequately priced risks. General Res underwriting results for the
first quarter of 2008 and 2007 are summarized in the table below. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
|
|
Premiums earned |
|
|
Pre-tax underwriting gain (loss) |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Property/casualty |
|
$ |
1,038 |
|
|
$ |
994 |
|
|
$ |
15 |
|
|
$ |
(5 |
) |
Life/health |
|
|
666 |
|
|
|
608 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
1,704 |
|
|
$ |
1,602 |
|
|
$ |
42 |
|
|
$ |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
General Re (Continued)
Property/casualty
Property/casualty premiums earned in the first quarter 2008 were $1,038 million, an increase
of $44 million (4.4%) over the first quarter of 2007. Premiums earned in the first quarter of 2008
included $205 million with respect to a reinsurance to close transaction which increased General
Res economic interest in the runoff of Lloyds Syndicate 435s 2000 year of account from 39% to
100%. A similar reinsurance to close transaction in the first quarter of 2007 generated earned
premiums of $114 million and increased General Res economic interest in the runoff of Lloyds
Syndicate 435s 2001 year of account from 60% to 100%. In each transaction, General Re assumed a
corresponding amount of net loss reserves and as a result the transactions essentially had no
impact on underwriting gains or losses. General Re now possesses 100% of the economic interest in
the years of account 2000 through 2008 of Lloyds Syndicate 435.
Excluding the increase in premiums earned from the reinsurance to close transactions and the
effects of foreign currency exchange rate changes, premiums earned in 2008 decreased by $91 million
(10.3%). The decline in premium volume reflects continued underwriting discipline by rejecting
transactions where pricing is deemed inadequate with respect to risk. Price competition continues
to put downward pressure on rates in most reinsurance markets. Absent any major new business or
significant transactions, General Res premium volume will likely decline further over the
remainder of 2008 when compared with 2007, as non-renewals and policy cancellations are expected to
exceed new business.
The property/casualty business produced an underwriting gain of $15 million in the first
quarter of 2008 compared with an underwriting loss of $5 million in the first quarter of 2007. The
results for 2008 were comprised of $46 million in property gains and $31 million in casualty and
workers compensation losses. Property results for the first quarter of 2008 included a $32
million loss from winter storm Emma in Germany. The casualty losses included $30 million in
workers compensation reserve discount accretion and deferred charge amortization. The results for
2007 were comprised of $29 million in property gains and $34 million in casualty and workers
compensation losses. Property results for the first quarter of 2007
included a loss of $110 million from windstorm Kyrill. Casualty losses in 2007 included $31 million in workers compensation
reserve discount accretion and deferred charge amortization.
Life/health
Premiums earned in the first quarter of 2008 were $666 million, an increase of $58 million
(9.5%) over 2007. After adjusting for changes in foreign currency exchange rates, premiums earned
in 2008 increased by $10 million (1.7%) over 2007 which was primarily due to an increase in life
and health medical supplement business in North America. Life/health operations produced
underwriting gains of $27 million and $35 million in the first quarter of 2008 and 2007,
respectively. In 2008, underwriting results included gains of $50 million from international
business (primarily life) and losses of $23 million from U.S. business (primarily health). In 2008
and 2007, the underwriting gains were generally the result of favorable mortality in the life
business, partially offset by losses in the U.S. long-term-care business that is in run-off.
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group
The Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group
(BHRG) underwrites excess-of-loss reinsurance and
quota-share coverages for insurers and reinsurers worldwide. BHRGs business includes catastrophe
excess-of-loss reinsurance and excess direct and facultative reinsurance for large or otherwise
unusual discrete property risks referred to as individual risk. Retroactive reinsurance policies
provide indemnification of losses and loss adjustment expenses with respect to past loss events.
Other multi-line refers to other business written on both a quota-share and excess basis,
participations in and contracts with Lloyds syndicates, as well as property, aviation and workers
compensation programs. BHRGs underwriting results for the first quarter of 2008 and 2007 are
summarized in the table below. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
|
|
Premiums earned |
|
|
Pre-tax underwriting gain (loss) |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Catastrophe and individual risk |
|
$ |
217 |
|
|
$ |
474 |
|
|
$ |
174 |
|
|
$ |
474 |
|
Retroactive reinsurance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,389 |
|
|
|
(121 |
) |
|
|
(78 |
) |
Other multi-line |
|
|
767 |
|
|
|
717 |
|
|
|
(24 |
) |
|
|
157 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
984 |
|
|
$ |
8,580 |
|
|
$ |
29 |
|
|
$ |
553 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In December 2007, BHRG
established a mono-line financial insurance company, Berkshire Hathaway
Assurance Corporation (BHAC). BHAC commenced operations during the first quarter of 2008 and is
now licensed in 49 states. As of March 31, 2008, BHAC had approximately $1 billion in capital and
it has now received the highest rating available from two rating agencies. During the first
quarter of 2008, BHRG began pursuing opportunities to write financial guaranty insurance on
municipal bonds and entered into agreements that generated approximately $400 million in
consideration. In its first quarter of operations, BHAC had approximately $100 million of
written premium of which a minimal amount was earned. The impact of this new business on
underwriting results was nominal. In addition, BHRG received approximately $300 million for
transactions which were structured as credit default derivative contracts and which provide the
17
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group (Continued)
counterparties with credit protection on municipal bond debt. This new business was written
entirely on municipal bonds trading in the secondary market. Berkshire believes that the
consideration it received for transactions incepting in the first quarter was greater than any of
its competitors in this line of business. BHAC is currently in negotiations to issue financial
guaranty insurance policies for primary municipal bond issues.
Premiums earned in the first quarter of 2008 from catastrophe and individual risk contracts
declined $257 million (54%) versus the first quarter of 2007. The level of business written in a
given period will vary significantly due to changes in market conditions and managements
assessment of the adequacy of premium rates. Throughout 2007 and the first quarter of 2008,
catastrophe and individual risk business written declined relative to the prior year as increased
price competition resulted in fewer opportunities to write business at prices acceptable to BHRG.
As a result, premiums written in the first quarter of 2008 declined about 50% versus 2007. To
further illustrate this trend, premiums written in 2008 were about 70% lower than in the first
quarter of 2006. Premiums earned over the remainder of 2008 are expected to continue to be lower
than in 2007. Pre-tax underwriting gains in the first quarter of 2008 and 2007 reflected no
significant catastrophe losses. Underwriting gains over the remainder of 2008 will likely be
significantly lower compared to 2007 as a result of the anticipated declines in premium volume in
2008 and the absence of major catastrophe losses in 2007.
Premiums from retroactive reinsurance in the first quarter of 2007 include approximately $7.1
billion from the Equitas reinsurance agreement which became effective on March 30, 2007 (See Note 14 to the accompanying Interim Consolidated Financial Statements). Retroactive policies generally
provide very large, but limited, indemnification of unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses with
respect to past loss events that are generally expected to be paid over long periods of time. The
underwriting losses from retroactive policies primarily represent the periodic amortization of
deferred charges established at the inception of the contracts. Most of the increase in
underwriting losses in the first quarter of 2008 versus 2007 was due to deferred charge
amortization related to the Equitas agreement. At March 31, 2008, unamortized deferred charges for
all of BHRGs retroactive contracts were approximately $3.6 billion and gross unpaid losses were
approximately $17.0 billion.
Premiums earned in the first quarter of 2008 from other multi-line business were $767 million,
an increase of $50 million over the first quarter of 2007. Premiums earned in the first quarter of
2008 included $139 million from a new quota-share contract with Swiss Reinsurance Company and its
property/casualty affiliates (Swiss Re), which became effective January 1, 2008. Under the
agreement, BHRG assumes a 20% quota-share of the premiums and related losses and expenses on all
property/casualty risks of Swiss Re incepting over the five year period ending December 31, 2012.
Based on recent annual premium volume, BHRGs annual written premium under this agreement would be
in the $3 billion range; however, actual premiums assumed over the five year period could vary
significantly depending on Swiss Res response to market conditions and opportunities that arise
over the contract term. Otherwise, multi-line premiums earned in the first quarter of 2008
declined 12% versus 2007 primarily due to lower volume from workers compensation programs.
Multi-line business produced a pre-tax underwriting loss of $24 million in the first quarter of
2008 compared to a gain of $157 million in 2007. Underwriting results in 2008 reflected a
significant decline in underwriting gains from workers compensation business and increased
casualty losses versus 2007.
Berkshire Hathaway Primary Group
Premiums earned in the first quarter by Berkshires various primary insurers totaled $489
million in 2008 and $474 million in 2007. For the first quarter, Berkshires primary insurers
produced underwriting gains of $25 million in 2008 and $49 million in 2007. Excluding the impact
of BoatU.S. (acquired in August 2007), premiums earned were relatively unchanged from 2007. Net
underwriting gains in the first quarter of 2008 were lower for most of the significant primary
insurance operations.
Insurance Investment Income
A summary of net investment income of Berkshires insurance operations for the first quarter
of 2008 and 2007 follows. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Investment income before taxes and minority interests |
|
$ |
1,089 |
|
|
$ |
1,078 |
|
Income taxes and minority interests |
|
|
287 |
|
|
|
330 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment income after taxes and minority interests |
|
$ |
802 |
|
|
$ |
748 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment income consists of interest and dividends earned on cash equivalents and fixed
maturity and equity investments of Berkshires insurance businesses. Pre-tax investment income
earned in the first quarter of 2008 exceeded amounts earned in 2007 by $11 million. The increase
in investment income in 2008 primarily reflected increased invested
18
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Insurance Investment Income (Continued)
balances and increased dividend income from equity investments offset by lower amounts of interest
earned. Over the last half of 2007 and first quarter of 2008, short-term interest rates declined,
which is expected to negatively impact the relative amounts of investment income earned over the
remainder of 2008 versus 2007.
A summary of cash and investments held in Berkshires insurance businesses follows. Amounts
are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
26,086 |
|
|
$ |
28,257 |
|
|
$ |
35,918 |
|
Equity securities |
|
|
72,283 |
|
|
|
74,681 |
|
|
|
64,716 |
|
Fixed maturity securities |
|
|
31,098 |
|
|
|
27,922 |
|
|
|
21,587 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
129,467 |
|
|
$ |
130,860 |
|
|
$ |
122,221 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities as of March 31, 2008 were as follows. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortized |
|
|
Unrealized |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost |
|
|
Gains/Losses |
|
|
Fair Value |
|
U.S. Treasury, government corporations and agencies |
|
$ |
5,932 |
|
|
$ |
101 |
|
|
$ |
6,033 |
|
States, municipalities and political subdivisions |
|
|
2,073 |
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
2,153 |
|
Foreign governments |
|
|
10,269 |
|
|
|
145 |
|
|
|
10,414 |
|
Corporate bonds and redeemable preferred stocks, investment grade |
|
|
4,209 |
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
4,289 |
|
Corporate bonds and redeemable preferred stocks, non-investment grade |
|
|
3,683 |
|
|
|
1,020 |
|
|
|
4,703 |
|
Mortgage-backed securities |
|
|
3,459 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
3,506 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
29,625 |
|
|
$ |
1,473 |
|
|
$ |
31,098 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All U.S. government obligations are rated AAA by the major rating agencies and approximately
95% of all state, municipal and political subdivisions, foreign government obligations and
mortgage-backed securities were rated AA or higher. Non-investment grade securities represent
securities that are rated below BBB- or Baa3. Fair value reflects quoted market prices where
available or, if not available, prices obtained from independent pricing services.
Invested assets derive from shareholder capital and reinvested earnings as well as net
liabilities assumed under insurance contracts or float. The major components of float are unpaid
losses, unearned premiums and other liabilities to policyholders less premiums and reinsurance
receivables, deferred charges assumed under retroactive reinsurance contracts and deferred policy
acquisition costs. Float of approximately $59 billion at March 31, 2008 was relatively unchanged
from December 31, 2007. The cost of float, as represented by the ratio of pre-tax underwriting
gain or loss to average float, was negative in 2008 and 2007, as Berkshires insurance businesses
generated underwriting gains in each period.
Utilities and Energy (MidAmerican)
Revenues and earnings from MidAmerican for the first quarter of 2008 and 2007 are summarized
below. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
Earnings |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
MidAmerican Energy Company |
|
$ |
1,378 |
|
|
$ |
1,251 |
|
|
$ |
134 |
|
|
$ |
123 |
|
PacifiCorp. |
|
|
1,107 |
|
|
|
1,038 |
|
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
163 |
|
Natural gas pipelines |
|
|
344 |
|
|
|
323 |
|
|
|
192 |
|
|
|
182 |
|
U.K. utilities |
|
|
289 |
|
|
|
256 |
|
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
80 |
|
Real estate brokerage |
|
|
245 |
|
|
|
338 |
|
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
Other |
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
3,394 |
|
|
$ |
3,273 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings before corporate interest and income taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
599 |
|
|
|
584 |
|
Interest, other than to Berkshire |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(83 |
) |
|
|
(71 |
) |
Interest on Berkshire junior debt |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(23 |
) |
|
|
(29 |
) |
Income taxes and minority interests |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(151 |
) |
|
|
(171 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net earnings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
342 |
|
|
$ |
313 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings applicable to Berkshire * |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
316 |
|
|
$ |
293 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debt owed to others at March 31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
19,640 |
|
|
$ |
17,581 |
|
Debt owed to Berkshire at March 31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
821 |
|
|
$ |
1,055 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Net of minority interests and includes interest earned by Berkshire (net of related income
taxes). |
19
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Utilities and Energy (MidAmerican) (Continued)
Berkshire currently owns an 88.2% (87.4% diluted) voting and economic interest in MidAmerican
Energy Holdings Company (MidAmerican), an international energy company. MidAmericans domestic
regulated energy interests are comprised of two regulated utility companies serving over 3 million
retail customers and two interstate natural gas pipeline companies with over 17,000 miles of
pipeline in operation and design capacity of about 6.9 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day.
In the United Kingdom, electricity distribution subsidiaries serve about 3.8 million electricity
end users. The rates that MidAmericans utilities, electricity distribution businesses and natural
gas pipelines may charge customers for energy and other services are generally subject to
regulatory approval. Rates are based in large part on the costs of business operations, including
a return on capital. To the extent these operations are not allowed to include such costs in the
approved rates, operating results will be adversely affected. In addition, MidAmericans other
businesses include a diversified portfolio of independent power projects and the second-largest
residential real estate brokerage firm in the United States.
First quarter 2008 revenues of MidAmerican Energy Company (MEC) increased $127 million (10%)
over 2007. In 2008, MECs regulated natural gas revenues increased $72 million over 2007,
primarily due to higher sales volume (increased demand due to colder temperatures) and higher
per-unit gas costs which were passed on to customers through rates. In addition, MECs
non-regulated energy and other revenues increased $61 million over 2007 due to higher sales volumes
and prices. PacifiCorps revenues in the first quarter of 2008 increased $69 million (7%) versus
2007, due primarily to higher retail sales volume, higher retail rates and increased wholesale
revenues. Natural gas pipelines revenues increased $21 million (7%) in the first quarter of 2008
versus 2007, due primarily to a reduction in customer refund liabilities related to a current rate
proceeding. U.K. utility revenues in the first quarter of 2008 increased $33 million (13%) over
2007 principally due to increased distribution revenues. Real estate brokerage revenues in the
first quarter of 2008 declined $93 million (28%) from 2007 to $245 million due to a significant
decline in transaction volume, reflecting the continuing weakness in U.S. housing markets.
Earnings before corporate interest and income taxes (EBIT) for the first quarter of 2008 of
$599 million increased $15 million (3%) as compared to 2007. First quarter 2008 EBIT of MEC and
PacifiCorp increased $16 million (6%) compared to 2007, primarily due to higher operating income
($41 million) partially offset by increased interest expense and lower non-operating income. First
quarter 2008 EBIT of natural gas pipelines increased $10 million (5%) versus 2007, primarily due to
the aforementioned reduction in estimated customer refund liabilities, partially offset by
increased depreciation and other operating expenses. EBIT of the U.K. utilities in the first
quarter of 2008 increased $40 million over 2007 and was primarily due to the aforementioned
increase in revenues as well as lower interest expense.
Real estate brokerage business generated a pre-tax loss of $19 million in
2008, attributable to the aforementioned decline in transaction volume resulting from poor
conditions in the U.S. housing markets.
Manufacturing, Service and Retailing
Many of Berkshires subsidiaries are engaged in a wide variety of manufacturing, service and
retailing businesses. A comparison of first quarter revenues and pre-tax earnings of 2008 and 2007
for Berkshires manufacturing, service and retailing businesses follows. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
Earnings |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
McLane Company |
|
$ |
6,989 |
|
|
$ |
6,623 |
|
|
$ |
73 |
|
|
$ |
58 |
|
Shaw Industries |
|
|
1,224 |
|
|
|
1,285 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
91 |
|
Other manufacturing |
|
|
3,768 |
|
|
|
3,213 |
|
|
|
480 |
|
|
|
444 |
|
Other service * |
|
|
2,126 |
|
|
|
1,535 |
|
|
|
209 |
|
|
|
139 |
|
Retailing |
|
|
762 |
|
|
|
771 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
14,869 |
|
|
$ |
13,427 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pre-tax earnings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
845 |
|
|
$ |
781 |
|
Income taxes and minority interests |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
358 |
|
|
|
335 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
487 |
|
|
$ |
446 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Management evaluates the results of NetJets using accounting standards for recognition of revenue
and planned major maintenance expenses that were generally accepted when Berkshire acquired NetJets
but are no longer acceptable due to subsequent changes in accounting standards adopted by the FASB.
Revenues and pre-tax earnings for the other service businesses shown above reflect these prior
revenue and expense recognition methods. Revenues shown in this table were greater than the
amounts reported in Berkshires consolidated financial statements by $72 million in 2008 and $178
million in 2007. Pre-tax earnings included in this table were $2 million less in 2008 and $18
million greater in 2007 than the amounts included in the consolidated financial statements. |
20
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Manufacturing, Service and Retailing (Continued)
McLane Company
McLanes revenues for the first quarter of 2008 were $6,989 million, an increase of $366
million (6%) over 2007. The comparative increase reflects additional grocery and foodservice
customers as well as manufacturer price increases and state excise tax increases which were passed
on to customers. Pre-tax earnings for the first quarter of 2008 were $73 million, an increase of
$15 million (26%) over 2007. McLanes business is marked by high sales volume and very low profit
margins and has been subject to increased price competition in recent years. The gross margin rate
in 2008 was 6.03% versus 5.72% in 2007. The increase was primarily due to inventory price changes
related to certain categories of grocery products and the impact of a heavy liquid sales surcharge
which began in April 2007. The increase in the gross margin rate in 2008 was partially offset by
higher fuel, insurance and other administrative costs. Approximately one-third of McLanes annual
revenues are from Wal-Mart. A curtailment of purchasing by Wal-Mart could have a material adverse
impact on the earnings of McLane.
Shaw Industries
Shaw Industries revenues in the first quarter of 2008 were $1,224 million, a decrease of $61
million (5%) from the first quarter of 2007. The decrease was
primarily due to an 8% reduction in
carpet sales volume, driven by a 10% decline in residential carpet volume partially offset by an
increase in commercial carpet volume and slightly higher average selling prices. The decrease in
residential carpet volume reflects the significant downturn in residential real estate activity
that began in 2006 and which has been exacerbated by the continuing mortgage lending crisis.
Pre-tax earnings for the first quarter of 2008 were $51 million, a decrease of $40 million
(44%) from the first quarter of 2007. The decline reflects the aforementioned decline in volume
and higher product costs due to lower manufacturing efficiencies from decreased production as well
as the negative impact of rising raw material costs. Management expects residential housing and
real estate activities to remain depressed for the remainder of 2008. Consequently, Shaws
earnings over the remainder of 2008 are likely to be lower as compared to 2007.
Other manufacturing
Berkshires other manufacturing businesses include a wide array of businesses. Included in
this group are several manufacturers of building products (Acme Building Brands, Benjamin Moore,
Johns Manville and MiTek) and apparel (led by Fruit of the Loom which includes the Russell athletic
apparel and sporting goods business and the Vanity Fair Brands womens intimate apparel business acquired in April
2007). Also included in this group are Forest River, a leading manufacturer of leisure vehicles
and the ISCAR Metalworking Companies (IMC), an industry leader in the metal cutting tools
business with operations worldwide. In July 2007, Berkshire acquired two leading jewelry
manufacturing and distribution companies (Richline) that design, manufacture and distribute karat
gold, silver and gem set jewelry. On March 18, 2008, Berkshire acquired a 60% interest in Marmon
Holdings, Inc. (Marmon). See Note 2 to the accompanying Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
for additional information concerning Marmons operations. There are also numerous other manufacturers of consumer and
commercial products in this diverse group.
Revenues of the manufacturing businesses for the first quarter of 2008 were $3,768 million, an
increase of $555 million (17%) over 2007. Approximately $540 million of the increase in 2008 was
attributable to inclusion of businesses acquired since the first quarter of 2007. In addition,
several of Berkshires other manufacturing operations generated higher revenues. Partially
offsetting the overall increase was a decline in comparative building
products revenues and revenues
from Forest River. Demand for certain building products continues to be low as a result of the
general slowdown in housing construction.
Pre-tax earnings of the manufacturing businesses were $480 million in the first quarter of
2008, an increase of $36 million (8%) over 2007. The increase was primarily due to comparatively
higher earnings of IMC and the inclusion of the earnings from businesses acquired since March 31,
2007, partially offset by declining earnings of the building products businesses and apparel
businesses. Revenues and earnings from the building products businesses will likely decline
further in 2008 as a result of the slowdown in housing construction.
Other service
Berkshires other service businesses include NetJets, the worlds leading provider of
fractional ownership programs for general aviation aircraft and FlightSafety, a provider of high
technology training to operators of aircraft and ships. Among the other businesses included in
this group are: TTI, a leading electronic components distributor (acquired March 2007); Business
Wire, a leading distributor of corporate news, multimedia and regulatory filings; The Pampered
Chef, a direct seller of high quality kitchen tools; International Dairy Queen, a licensor and
service provider to about 6,000 stores that offer prepared dairy treats and food; The Buffalo News,
a publisher of a daily and Sunday newspaper; and businesses that provide management and other
services to insurance companies.
21
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Other service (Continued)
Revenues of the other service businesses were $2,126 million in the first quarter of 2008, an
increase of $591 million (39%) compared to 2007. Pre-tax earnings were $209 million in 2008, an
increase of $70 million (50%) over 2007. TTI, acquired on March 30, 2007, accounted for
approximately two-thirds of the revenue and pre-tax earnings increases. The increases in revenues
and pre-tax earnings also reflected increased flight operations and pilot training revenues,
primarily attributable to increases in customer usage and demand.
Retailing
Berkshires retailing operations consist of four home furnishings (Nebraska Furniture Mart,
R.C. Willey, Star Furniture and Jordans) and three jewelry (Borsheims, Helzberg and Ben Bridge)
retailers. Sees Candies is also included in this group. Revenues of the retailing businesses
were $762 million in the first quarter of 2008, a slight decrease compared to 2007. Pre-tax
earnings in the first quarter of 2008 were $32 million, a decrease of $17 million (35%) from 2007.
First quarter 2008 revenues and pre-tax earnings of certain home furnishings and jewelry operations
(RC Willey, Jordans, Star and Helzberg) declined $40 million and $23 million, respectively, which
management principally attributes to the weak local real estate and housing markets as well as an
overall decline in consumer confidence. Partially offsetting these decreases were increases from
Nebraska Furniture Mart and Sees.
Finance and Financial Products
A summary of revenues and pre-tax earnings from Berkshires finance and financial products
businesses follows. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
Earnings |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Manufactured housing and finance |
|
$ |
817 |
|
|
$ |
845 |
|
|
$ |
115 |
|
|
$ |
116 |
|
Furniture/transportation equipment leasing |
|
|
190 |
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
Other |
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
97 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
1,158 |
|
|
$ |
1,203 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pre-tax earnings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
241 |
|
|
$ |
242 |
|
Income taxes and minority interests |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
147 |
|
|
$ |
155 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues in the first quarter of 2008 from manufactured housing and finance activities
(Clayton Homes) decreased $28 million (3%) from 2007 reflecting lower home sales, partially offset
by increased interest income. Unit sales in the first quarter of 2008 declined approximately 10%
from 2007. In addition, a higher proportion of single-section units as compared to multi-section
units were sold in 2008 causing a decrease in average sales price. The increase in interest income
reflects higher average installment loan balances in 2008 versus 2007. Installment loan balances
were approximately $11.7 billion as of March 31, 2008, an increase of approximately $600 million
since December 31, 2007. The increase in the first quarter of 2008 was principally due to loan
portfolio acquisitions.
Pre-tax earnings of Clayton Homes in the first quarter of 2008 were relatively unchanged from
2007. Pre-tax earnings in the first quarter of 2008 included a $22 million gain from the sale of
certain housing community assets. The first quarter of 2008 earnings from financing activities
reflected an increase in net interest income of $23 million. However, earnings from manufacturing
and retail activities declined due to reduced unit sales and lower manufacturing capacity
utilization.
Revenues and pre-tax earnings from furniture and transportation equipment leasing activities
in 2008 declined $10 million and $11 million, respectively, compared to 2007. The declines
primarily reflect lower rental income driven by relatively low utilization rates for over-the-road
trailer and storage units. Significant cost components of this business are fixed (depreciation
and facility expenses), so pre-tax earnings generally change disproportionately to revenues.
Earnings from other finance business activities consist primarily of interest income earned on
short-term and fixed maturity investments and from a small portfolio of commercial real estate
loans.
22
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Investment and Derivative Gains/Losses
A summary of investment and derivative gains and losses follows. Amounts are in millions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Investment gains/losses |
|
$ |
115 |
|
|
$ |
443 |
|
Derivative gains/losses |
|
|
(1,641 |
) |
|
|
145 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains/losses before income taxes and minority interests |
|
|
(1,526 |
) |
|
|
588 |
|
Income taxes and minority interests |
|
|
(535 |
) |
|
|
206 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net gains/losses |
|
$ |
(991 |
) |
|
$ |
382 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment gains or losses are recognized upon the sales of investments or as otherwise
required under GAAP. The timing of realized gains or losses from sales can have a material effect
on periodic earnings. However, such gains or losses usually have little, if any, impact on total
shareholders equity because most equity and fixed maturity investments are carried at fair value,
with the unrealized gain or loss included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.
Derivative gains and losses in the preceding table primarily represent the non-cash (or
unrealized) changes in fair value associated with derivative contracts that do not qualify for
hedge accounting treatment. As of March 31, 2008, outstanding derivative contracts primarily
pertain to credit default risks of entities in the United States and equity price risks associated
with major equity indexes, including three outside the United States. In the first quarter of
2008, pre-tax losses of $1.6 billion from derivative contracts were principally attributable to
declines in equity indexes, declines in the value of the U.S. dollar versus the Euro and Japanese
Yen, as well as a widening of credit default spreads in the United States.
The estimated fair value of credit default contracts at March 31, 2008 was approximately $2.5
billion, an increase of $667 million since December 31, 2007. The increase was due to
fair value losses of $490 million, as well as $229 million in premiums from new contracts entered
into in 2008 partially offset by loss payments of $52 million. The estimated fair value of the
equity index put option contracts at March 31, 2008 was approximately $6.2 billion, an increase of
$1.6 billion since December 31, 2007. The increase was primarily due to fair value losses of $1.2 billion as well as $383 million in premiums from new contracts entered into in 2008. There were no
cash payments made under the equity index put option contracts.
The aforementioned contracts are not traded on an exchange. The contracts were entered into
with the expectation that amounts ultimately paid to counterparties for actual credit defaults or
declines in equity index values (measured at the expiration date of the contract) will be less than
the premiums received. The contracts generally may not be terminated or fully settled before the
expiration dates (up to 20 years in the future with respect to equity index put option contracts)
and therefore the ultimate amount of cash basis gains or losses will not be known for years.
Berkshire does not actively trade or exchange these contracts, but rather intends to hold such
contracts until expiration. Nevertheless, current accounting standards require derivative
contracts to be carried at estimated fair value with the periodic changes in estimated fair value
included in earnings. Fair value is estimated based on models that incorporate changes in
applicable underlying credit standings, equity index values, interest rates, foreign currency
exchange rates, risk and other factors. The fair values on any given reporting date and the
resulting gains and losses reflected in earnings will likely be volatile, reflecting the volatility
of equity and credit markets. Management does not view the periodic gains or losses from the
changes in fair value as meaningful given the long term nature of the contracts and the volatile
nature of equity and credit markets over short periods of time.
Financial Condition
Berkshires balance sheet continues to reflect significant liquidity and a strong capital
base. Consolidated shareholders equity at March 31, 2008 was $119.4 billion. Consolidated cash
and invested assets, excluding assets of finance and financial products businesses, was
approximately $137.6 billion at March 31, 2008 (including cash and cash equivalents of $33.3 billion and $2.9 billion of fixed maturity securities that mature between three and six months from
their respective acquisition dates) and $142.4 billion at December 31, 2007 (including cash and
cash equivalents of $38.9 billion). Berkshires invested assets are held predominantly in its
insurance businesses. A large amount of capital is maintained in the insurance subsidiaries for
strategic and marketing purposes and in support of reserves for unpaid losses. In the United
States, dividend payments by insurance companies are subject to prior approval by state regulators.
Berkshire believes that it currently maintains sufficient liquidity to cover its contractual
obligations and provide for contingent liquidity.
23
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Financial Condition (Continued)
Berkshire acquired a 60% interest in Marmon Holdings, Inc. (Marmon) for $4.5 billion on
March 18, 2008. In April 2008, Berkshire acquired an additional interest in Marmon for $329
million. Berkshires ownership in Marmon is currently about 64.4%. Berkshire has agreed to
acquire the remaining minority shareholders interests in Marmon in stages over the next five to
six years for consideration based on Marmons future earnings. See Note 2 to the Interim
Consolidated Financial Statements for more information concerning the acquisition. These purchases
were funded with internally generated cash. Notes payable and other borrowings of the insurance
and other businesses were $3.7 billion at March 31, 2008 which included $1.1 billion of borrowings
of Marmon.
Capital expenditures of the utilities and energy businesses in the first quarter of 2008 were
approximately $710 million. Forecasted capital expenditures are estimated at $4.3 billion for the
year ending December 31, 2008. MidAmerican intends to fund these capital expenditures with cash
flows from operations and debt proceeds. MidAmericans borrowings were $19.6 billion at March 31,
2008, an increase of $638 million from December 31, 2007. During the first quarter of 2008,
MidAmerican issued $1.0 billion of notes maturing in 2018. Term debt maturing over the remainder
of 2008 is $1.6 billion and an additional $3.2 billion matures before 2013. Berkshire has
committed until February 28, 2011 to provide up to $3.5 billion of additional capital to
MidAmerican to permit the repayment of its debt obligations or to fund its regulated utility
subsidiaries. Berkshire has not and does not intend to guarantee the repayment of debt by
MidAmerican or any of its subsidiaries.
Assets of the finance and financial products businesses were $26.5 billion as of March 31,
2008 and $25.7 billion at December 31, 2007, which consisted primarily of loans and finance
receivables, fixed maturity securities and cash and cash equivalents. Liabilities were $25.0
billion as of March 31, 2008 and $22.0 billion at December 31, 2007. As of March 31, 2008, notes
payable and other borrowings of $12.8 billion included $9.6 billion of medium-term notes issued by
BHFC. In January 2008, BHFC issued $2.0 billion of medium-term notes and repaid maturing notes of
$1.25 billion. Over the remainder of 2008, $1.8 billion of notes will also mature. The BHFC notes
are unsecured and mature at various dates extending through 2015. The proceeds from these notes
are being used to finance originated and acquired manufactured housing loans. Full and timely
payment of principal and interest on the notes issued by BHFC is guaranteed by Berkshire.
Berkshires estimated liabilities for credit default and equity index put option contracts were
approximately $8.7 billion at March 31, 2008. Payments under the equity index put option contracts
are contingent upon the future value of the related indexes at the expiration date of the
contracts, the earliest of which is in 2019. Payments under credit default contracts are
contingent on the occurrence of a default as defined under the contracts, and in the first quarter
of 2008 were $52 million. The contract expiration dates begin in 2009.
Contractual Obligations
Berkshire and its subsidiaries are parties to contracts associated with ongoing business and
financing activities, which will result in cash payments to counterparties in future periods.
Certain obligations reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, such as notes payable, require
future payments on contractually specified dates and in fixed and determinable amounts. The timing
and amount of the payment of other obligations, such as unpaid property and casualty loss reserves
and long duration credit default and equity index put option contracts are contingent upon the
outcome of future events. Actual payments will likely vary, perhaps significantly, from estimates.
Other obligations pertain to the acquisition of goods or services in the future, which are not
currently reflected in the financial statements, such as minimum rentals under operating leases.
Except as indicated in the following paragraph, Berkshires consolidated contractual obligations as
of March 31, 2008 did not change materially from those disclosed in Contractual Obligations,
included in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
contained in Berkshires Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
During the first quarter of 2008, BHFC issued $2 billion of notes maturing in 2011 and 2013
and MidAmerican subsidiaries issued $1 billion of notes maturing in 2018. As of March 31, 2008,
contractual obligations of Marmon are estimated at $2.6 billion, including term debt of
approximately $1.1 billion. On April 28, 2008, The Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company (Wrigley) and Mars,
Incorporated (Mars) announced a merger agreement in which Wrigley would become a subsidiary of
Mars. In connection with this merger, Berkshire has committed to provide $6.5 billion in funding
to Mars in the form of $4.4 billion of subordinated debt and $2.1 billion for a minority equity
interest in Wrigley. The agreement between Mars and Wrigley is subject to customary closing
conditions and those companies believe the transaction will be completed within the next six to
twelve months.
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Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Critical Accounting Policies
In applying certain accounting policies, Berkshires management is required to make estimates
and judgments regarding transactions that have occurred and ultimately will be settled several
years in the future. Amounts recognized in the financial statements from such estimates are
necessarily based on assumptions about numerous factors involving varying, and possibly
significant, degrees of judgment and uncertainty. Accordingly, the amounts currently recorded in
the financial statements may prove, with the benefit of hindsight, to be inaccurate. Reference is
made to Critical Accounting Policies discussed in Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Berkshires Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2007 for additional discussion regarding these estimates.
Berkshires Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2008 includes estimated liabilities for
unpaid losses from property and casualty insurance and reinsurance contracts of $56.4 billion. Due
to the inherent uncertainties in the process of establishing loss reserve amounts, the actual
ultimate claim amounts will likely differ from the currently recorded amounts. A very small
percentage change in estimates of this magnitude will result in a material effect on reported
earnings. The effects from changes in these estimates are recorded as a component of losses
incurred in the period of the change. Unamortized deferred charges on retroactive reinsurance
policies assumed totaled $3.9 billion at March 31, 2008. Significant changes in either the timing
or ultimate amount of loss payments related to retroactive reinsurance contracts may have a
significant effect on unamortized deferred charges and the amount of periodic amortization.
Berkshires Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2008 includes goodwill of acquired
businesses of $33.5 billion. A significant amount of judgment is required in performing goodwill
impairment tests. Such tests include periodically determining or reviewing the estimated fair
value of Berkshires reporting units. There are several methods of estimating a reporting units
fair value, including market quotations, asset and liability fair values and other valuation
techniques, such as discounted projected future net earnings and multiples of earnings. If the
carrying amount of a reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds the estimated fair value, then
individual assets, including identifiable intangible assets, and liabilities of the reporting unit
are estimated at fair value. The excess of the estimated fair value of the reporting unit over the
estimated fair value of net assets would establish the implied value of goodwill. The excess of
the recorded amount of goodwill over the implied value is then charged to earnings as an impairment
loss.
Berkshires consolidated financial position reflects very significant amounts of invested
assets and derivative contract assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value. A
substantial portion of invested assets are carried at fair value based upon current market
quotations and, when not available, based upon fair value pricing matrices or models. Derivative
contract values reflect estimates of the amounts at which the contracts could be settled based upon
varying levels of observable market information and other assumptions. Certain of Berkshires
fixed maturity securities are not actively traded in the securities markets, and loans and finance
receivables of Berkshires finance businesses are not traded at all. Considerable judgment may be
required in determining the assumptions used in certain pricing models, including interest rate,
loan prepayment speed, credit risk and liquidity risk assumptions. Changes in these assumptions
may have a significant effect on values.
Information concerning recently issued accounting pronouncements which are not yet effective
is included in Note 16 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. Berkshire does not expect
any of the recently issued accounting pronouncements to have a material effect on its financial
condition.
Forward-Looking Statements
Investors are cautioned that certain statements contained in this document as well as some
statements in periodic press releases and some oral statements of Berkshire officials during
presentations about Berkshire, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the Act). Forward-looking statements include
statements which are predictive in nature, which depend upon or refer to future events or
conditions, which include words such as expects, anticipates, intends, plans, believes,
estimates or similar expressions. In addition, any statements concerning future financial
performance (including future revenues, earnings or growth rates), ongoing business strategies or
prospects and possible future Berkshire actions, which may be provided by management, are also
forward-looking statements as defined by the Act. Forward-looking statements are based on current
expectations and projections about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties and
assumptions about Berkshire, economic and market factors and the industries in which Berkshire does
business, among other things. These statements are not guaranties of future performance and
Berkshire has no specific intention to update these statements.
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Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Continued)
Forward-Looking Statements (Continued)
Actual events and results may differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in
forward-looking statements due to a number of factors. The principal important risk factors that
could cause Berkshires actual performance and future events and actions to differ materially from
such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, changes in market prices of
Berkshires significant equity investees, the occurrence of one or more catastrophic events, such
as an earthquake, hurricane or act of terrorism that causes losses insured by Berkshires insurance
subsidiaries, changes in insurance laws or regulations, changes in Federal income tax laws and
changes in general economic and market factors that affect the prices of securities or the
industries in which Berkshire and its affiliates do business.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Reference is made to Berkshires most recently issued Annual Report and in particular the
Market Risk Disclosures included in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations. As of March 31, 2008, there are no material changes in the market
risks described in Berkshires Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Corporation
carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Corporations
management, including the Chairman (Chief Executive Officer) and the Vice President-Treasurer
(Chief Financial Officer), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Corporations
disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15. Based upon that
evaluation, the Chairman (Chief Executive Officer) and the Vice President-Treasurer (Chief
Financial Officer) concluded that the Corporations disclosure controls and procedures are
effective in timely alerting them to material information relating to the Corporation (including
its consolidated subsidiaries) required to be included in the Corporations periodic SEC filings.
During the quarter, there have been no significant changes in the Corporations internal control
over financial reporting or in other factors that could significantly affect internal control over
financial reporting.
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Part II Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Berkshire and its subsidiaries are parties in a variety of legal actions arising out of the
normal course of business. In particular, such legal actions affect Berkshires insurance and
reinsurance businesses. Such litigation generally seeks to establish liability directly through
insurance contracts or indirectly through reinsurance contracts issued by Berkshire subsidiaries.
Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. Berkshire does not believe that such
normal and routine litigation will have a material effect on its financial condition or results of
operations. Berkshire and certain of its subsidiaries are also involved in other kinds of legal
actions, some of which assert or may assert claims or seek to impose fines and penalties in
substantial amounts. Reference is made to Note 19 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2007 and Note 18 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements included in
Part I of this Form
10-Q for detailed discussion of such actions.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Berkshires significant business risks are described in Item 1A to Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2007 to which reference is made herein.
Item 6. Exhibits
a. Exhibits
31.1 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications
31.2 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications
32.1 Section 1350 Certifications
32.2 Section 1350 Certifications
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly
caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC. |
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(Registrant) |
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Date May 2, 2008
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/s/ Marc D. Hamburg |
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(Signature) |
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Marc D. Hamburg, Vice President |
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and Principal Financial Officer |
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