lcif_s3-051608.htm
As filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 16, 2008
Registration
No. 333-
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
|
FORM
S-3
REGISTRATION
STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
LEXINGTON
REALTY TRUST
(Exact
name of Company as specified in its charter)
Maryland
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13-3717318
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(State
of Organization)
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(I.R.S.
Employer Identification No.)
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One
Penn Plaza, Suite 4015
New
York, NY 10019
(212)
692-7000
(Address,
including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Company’s
principal executive offices)
T.
Wilson Eglin
President
and Chief Executive Officer
One
Penn Plaza, Suite 4015
New
York, NY 10119-4015
(212)
692-7200
(Name,
address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent
for service):
Copies
to:
Mark
Schonberger, Esq.
Paul,
Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP
75
East 55th Street
New
York, NY 10022
(212)
318-6000
Approximate Date of Commencement of
Proposed Sale to the Public: From time to time after the Registration
Statement becomes effective.
If the
only securities being registered on this form are being offered pursuant to
dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: o
If any of
the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or
continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check
the following box: x
If this
form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule
462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, please check the following box and list
the Securities Act of 1933 registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this
form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the
Securities Act of 1933, check the following box and list the Securities Act of
1933 registration statement number of the earlier effective registration
statement for the same offering. o
If this
form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D or a
post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with
the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the
following box. o
If this
Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to
General Instruction I.D filed to register additional securities or additional
classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check
the following box. o
CALCULATION
OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title
of Each Class of
Securities
to be Registered
|
Amount
to be Registered (2)
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Proposed
Maximum Offering Price Per Share (1)
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Proposed
Maximum Aggregate Offering Price (1)
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Amount
of Registration Fee
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Shares
of beneficial interest classified as common stock, par value $.0001
per share
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75,733
shares
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$14.49
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$1,097,371.17
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$43.13
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(1)
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Estimated
pursuant to Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act solely for the purpose of
calculating the registration fee based upon the average of the high and
low reported sale prices of the Common Shares on The New York Stock
Exchange on May 9, 2008.
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(2)
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Pursuant
to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement
also covers such number of additional securities as may be issued to
prevent dilution from stock splits, stock dividends or similar
transactions.
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PROSPECTUS
Lexington
Realty Trust
75,733
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest
We are
Lexington Realty Trust, a self-managed and self-administered real estate
investment trust, or REIT, that acquires, owns and manages a geographically
diversified portfolio of net leased office, industrial and retail properties.
Our executive offices are located at One Penn Plaza, Suite 4015, New York, New
York 10119-4015, and our telephone number is (212) 692-7200.
Issuance
of Common Shares upon Redemption of LCIF Units
We may
issue up to 75,733 shares of beneficial interest classified as common stock,
which we refer to as our Common Shares, in exchange for the redemption of an
equal number of units of limited partnership, which we refer to as LCIF units,
issued by one of our operating partnership subsidiaries, Lepercq Corporate
Income Fund L.P., which we refer to as LCIF.
The
75,733 LCIF units covered by this prospectus consist of 9,368 LCIF units issued
on August 1, 1995, which were redeemable on May 1, 2006 and every May 1st
thereafter, and 66,365 LCIF units issued on October 24, 2004, which were
redeemable on May 1, 2006 and each August 1st, November 1st, February 1st and
May 1st thereafter.
_________________________
We will
not receive proceeds from any issuance of Common Shares in exchange for LCIF
units but will acquire the LCIF units submitted for redemption. We are not being
assisted by any underwriter in connection with any issuance of Common Shares in
exchange for LCIF units.
To ensure
that we maintain our qualification as a real estate investment trust, or “REIT,”
under the applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended, ownership of our equity securities by any person is subject to certain
limitations. See “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of our Declaration of
Trust and Bylaws—Restrictions Relating to REIT Status.”
Our
Common Shares trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “LXP.” On
May 15, 2008, the last reported sale price of our Common Shares, as reported on
the New York Stock Exchange, was $15.53 per share.
Investing
in our Common Shares involves risks. See “Risk Factors” referred to on page 6 of
this prospectus.
Neither
the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has
approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is
truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
The date
of this prospectus is May 16, 2008.
ABOUT
THIS PROSPECTUS
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3
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FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS
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4
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SUMMARY
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5
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SECURITIES
THAT MAY BE OFFERED
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6
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RISK
FACTORS
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6
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USE
OF PROCEEDS
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7
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DESCRIPTION
OF COMMON SHARES
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7
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CERTAIN
PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR DECLARATION OF TRUST AND
BYLAWS
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9
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DESCRIPTION
OF LCIF UNITS
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13
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REDEMPTION
OF LCIF UNITS
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17
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REGISTRATION
RIGHTS
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18
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COMPARISON
OF OWNERSHIP OF LCIF UNITS AND COMMON SHARES
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19
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UNITED
STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
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25
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PLAN
OF DISTRIBUTION
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36
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EXPERTS
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37
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LEGAL
MATTERS
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37
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WHERE
YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
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37
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You
should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or incorporated
by reference herein. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with
information or make any representation that is different. If anyone provides you
with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This
prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to
buy any securities other than the registered securities to which it relates, and
this prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an
offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction where, or to any person to whom, it
is unlawful to make such an offer or solicitation. You should not assume that
the information contained in this prospectus is correct on any date after the
date of the prospectus, even though this prospectus is delivered or Common
Shares are sold pursuant to the prospectus at a later date. Since the
date of the prospectus contained in this Registration Statement, our business,
financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have
changed.
ABOUT
THIS PROSPECTUS
This
prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission, which we refer to as the Commission. This
prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement do not contain all of the
information included in the registration statement. For further information, we
refer you to the registration statement and any amendments to such registration
statement, including its exhibits. Statements contained in this prospectus and
any accompanying prospectus supplement about the provisions or contents of any
agreement or other document are not necessarily complete. If the Commission’s
rules and regulations require that an agreement or document be filed as an
exhibit to the registration statement, please see that agreement or document for
a complete description of these matters.
You
should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with
additional information described below under the heading “Where You Can Find
More Information.” Information incorporated by reference with the Commission
after the date of this prospectus, or information included in any prospectus
supplement or an amendment to the registration statement of which this
prospectus forms a part, may add, update, or change information in this
prospectus or any prospectus supplement. If information in these subsequent
filings, prospectus supplements or amendments is inconsistent with this
prospectus or any prospectus supplement, the information incorporated by
reference or included in the subsequent prospectus supplement or amendment will
supersede the information in this prospectus or any earlier prospectus
supplement. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus or any
prospectus supplement is accurate as of any date other than the date on the
front of each document.
All
references to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “LXP” in this prospectus means
Lexington Realty Trust and all entities owned or controlled by us except where
it is clear that the term means only the parent company. The term “you” refers
to a prospective investor.
FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS
This
prospectus and the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus
include “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the “Securities Act,” and Section 21E of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the “Exchange Act,” and as
such may involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which
may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially
different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied
by these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements, which are based
on certain assumptions and describe our future plans, strategies and
expectations, are generally identifiable by use of the words “may,” “will,”
“should,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “intend,” “project,” or
the negative of these words or other similar words or terms. Factors which could
have a material adverse effect on our operations and future prospects include,
but are not limited to:
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·
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changes
in general business and economic
conditions;
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·
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increases
in real estate construction costs;
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|
·
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changes
in interest rates; and
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·
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changes
in accessibility of debt and equity capital
markets.
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These
risks and uncertainties should be considered in evaluating any forward-looking
statements contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. We caution
you that any forward-looking statement reflects only our belief at the time the
statement is made. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the
forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee our future
results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by
law, we undertake no obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements
to reflect events or developments after the date of this
prospectus.
SUMMARY
The
information below is only a summary of the information included elsewhere in
this prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference. This summary
does not contain all the information that may be important to you or that you
should consider before investing in our Common Shares. As a result, you should
carefully read this entire prospectus, as well as the information incorporated
herein by reference.
We are a
self-managed and self-administered real estate investment trust, commonly
referred to as a REIT, formed under the laws of the State of Maryland. In
addition to our Common Shares, we have four outstanding classes of beneficial
interest classified as preferred stock, which we refer to as preferred shares:
our 8.05% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, or “Series B Preferred
Shares,” our 6.50% Series C Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, or “Series C
Preferred Shares,” our 7.55% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, or
“Series D Preferred Shares,” and our special voting preferred stock. Our Common
Shares, Series B Preferred Shares, Series C Preferred Shares and Series D
Preferred Shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange, or the “NYSE,” under
the symbols “LXP,” “LXP_pb,” “LXP_pc,” and “LXP_pd,” respectively. Our primary
business is the acquisition, ownership and management of a geographically
diverse portfolio of net leased office and industrial properties. Substantially
all of our properties are subject to triple net leases, which are generally
characterized as leases in which the tenant bears all or substantially all of
the costs and cost increases for real estate taxes, utilities, insurance and
ordinary repairs and maintenance.
We
conduct operations either directly or through (i) one of four operating
partnerships in which we are the sole unit holder of the general partner and the
sole unit holder of a limited partner that holds a majority of the limited
partnership interests: The Lexington Master Limited Partnership, which we refer
to as the “MLP,” LCIF, Lepercq Corporate Income Fund II L.P., and Net 3
Acquisition L.P., which we collectively refer to as the “Operating
Partnerships”; or (ii) Lexington Realty Advisors, Inc., a wholly-owned taxable
REIT subsidiary.
As of
March 31, 2008, we had ownership interests in approximately 311 real estate
assets, located in 42 states and The Netherlands, containing an aggregate
of approximately 49.1 million
net rentable square feet of space. Approximately 95.2% of the net
rentable square feet is subject to a lease. Through the MLP, we also own
interests in two co-investment programs: (i) Net Lease Strategic Assets Fund
L.P., a co-investment program with Inland American Real Estate Trust, Inc. that
invests in single-tenant net leased specialty real estate assets, and (ii)
Concord Debt Holdings LLC, a co-investment program with Winthrop Realty Trust
that invests in debt.
We
elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the “Code,” commencing with our taxable
year ended December 31, 1993. If we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally
will not be subject to federal corporate income taxes on our net income that is
currently distributed to shareholders.
We grow
our portfolio through (i) strategic transactions with other real estate
investment companies, (ii) acquisitions of individual properties and portfolios
of properties from: (A) corporations and other entities in sale-leaseback
transactions; (B) developers of newly-constructed properties built to suit the
needs of a corporate tenant; and (C) sellers of properties subject to an
existing lease, (iii) debt investments secured by real estate assets and (iv)
the building and acquisition of new business lines and operating
platforms.
We have
diversified our portfolio by geographical location, tenant industry segment,
lease term expiration and property type with the intention of providing steady
internal growth with low volatility. We believe that this diversification should
help insulate us from regional recession, industry specific downturns and price
fluctuations by property type.
As part
of our ongoing efforts, we expect to continue to (i) effect strategic
transactions and portfolio and individual property acquisitions and
dispositions, (ii) explore new business lines and operating platforms, (iii)
expand existing properties, (iv) attract investment grade and other quality
tenants, (v) extend lease maturities in advance of expiration and (vi) refinance
outstanding indebtedness when advisable. Additionally, we expect to continue to
enter into joint ventures with third-party investors as a means of creating
additional growth and expanding the revenue realized from advisory and asset
management activities.
Our
operating partnership structure enables us to acquire properties by issuing to
sellers, as a form of consideration, limited partnership interests in any of our
four Operating Partnerships described above. We refer to the limited partnership
interests generally as “OP units,” the OP units issued by the MLP as “MLP Units”
and the OP units issued by LCIF as LCIF Units. The OP units,
including the LCIF units, are redeemable, after certain dates, for our Common
Shares, or in certain cases, at our election, for cash. We believe that this
structure facilitates our ability to raise capital and to acquire portfolio and
individual properties by enabling us to structure transactions which may defer
tax gains for a contributor of property while preserving our available cash for
other purposes, including the payment of dividends and
distributions.
Our
principal executive offices are located at One Penn Plaza, Suite 4015, New York,
New York 10119-4015 and our telephone number is (212) 692-7200.
SECURITIES
THAT MAY BE OFFERED
We may
issue our Common Shares in exchange for LCIF units upon the redemption of the
LCIF units by their holders on a one share for one unit basis. The
Common Shares covered by this prospectus permit the holders thereof to sell such
Common Shares generally without restriction in the open market or otherwise, but
the registration of such offering does not necessarily mean that any of such
LCIF units which may be redeemed in exchange for our Common Shares will be
tendered for redemption or that any of such Common Shares will be offered or
sold by the holders thereof. We will not receive any proceeds from the issuance
of our Common Shares covered by this prospectus but will acquire the LCIF units
submitted for redemption.
We may
issue up to 75,733 of our Common Shares, if and to the extent that certain
holders elect to tender up to an equal number of LCIF units for
redemption. The 75,733 LCIF units covered by this prospectus consist
of 9,368 LCIF units issued on August 1, 1995, which were redeemable on May
1, 2006 and every May 1st thereafter, and 66,365 LCIF units issued on October
24, 2004, which were redeemable on May 1, 2006 and each August 1st, November
1st, February 1st and May 1st thereafter.
RISK
FACTORS
Investing
in our Common Shares involves risks and uncertainties that could affect us and
our business as well as the real estate industry generally. You should carefully
consider the specific factors appearing or incorporated by reference in this
prospectus. You should carefully consider the risks discussed under the caption
“Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended
December 31, 2007 and in any other documents incorporated by reference in this
prospectus, including without limitation any updated risks included in our
subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. These risk factors may be amended,
supplemented or superseded from time to time by risk factors contained in any
prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment we may file or in other
reports we file with the Commission in the future. In addition, new risks may
emerge at any time and we cannot predict such risks or estimate the extent to
which they may affect our financial performance.
USE
OF PROCEEDS
We will
not receive any proceeds from the issuance of our Common Shares to the holders
of LCIF units upon redemption of their units but will acquire the LCIF units
submitted for redemption.
DESCRIPTION
OF COMMON SHARES
The
following is a summary of provisions of our Common Shares as of the date of this
prospectus. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its
entirety by reference to our declaration of trust and bylaws, each as
supplemented, amended, or restated, and to Maryland law. See “Where You Can Find
More Information” in this prospectus.
General
Authorized
Capital
Under our
declaration of trust, we have the authority to issue up to 1,000,000,000 shares
of beneficial interest, par value $0.0001 per share, of which 400,000,000 shares
are classified as Common Shares, 500,000,000 shares are classified as excess
stock and 100,000,000 shares are classified as preferred stock, of which
3,160,000 shares are classified as Series B Preferred Shares, 3,100,000 shares
are classified as Series C Preferred Shares, 6,200,000 shares are classified as
Series D Preferred Shares and one share is classified as special voting
preferred stock. Under Maryland law, our shareholders generally are not
responsible for our debts or obligations as a result of their status as
shareholders.
Special
Voting Preferred Stock
The
special voting preferred stock gives certain holders of MLP Units voting rights
generally similar to those of our common shareholders. We refer to these MLP
Units as “voting MLP Units.” Each voting MLP Unit is entitled to one
vote per voting MLP Unit. As of March 31, 2008, the number of voting
MLP Units was 34,176,823, subject to reduction by the number of voting MLP Units
that are subsequently redeemed by us. Pursuant to a voting trustee agreement,
NKT Advisors LLC holds the special voting preferred stock and will cast the
votes attached to the special voting preferred stock in proportion to the votes
it receives from holders of voting MLP Units, subject to the following
limitations. First, Vornado Realty Trust, which we refer to as “Vornado,” will
not have the right to vote for board members at any time when an affiliate of
Vornado is serving or standing for election as a board member. In addition, at
all other times, Vornado’s right to vote in the election of trustees will be
limited to the number of voting MLP Units that it owns, not to exceed 9.9% of
our Common Shares outstanding on a fully diluted basis. NKT Advisors (through
its managing member) will be entitled to vote in its sole discretion to the
extent the voting rights of Vornado’s affiliates are so limited. NKT Advisors
LLC is an affiliate of Michael L. Ashner, our former Executive Chairman and
Director of Strategic Acquisitions.
Unitholders
in our other Operating Partnerships do not have such a voting right.
Accordingly, based on our Common Shares and MLP Units outstanding as March 31,
2008, holders of MLP Units will be entitled to cast and/or direct the voting of
approximately 36.2% of our votes.
Power
to Issue and Classify Our Shares
We may
issue our shares from time to time at the discretion of our board of trustees to
raise additional capital, acquire assets, including additional real properties,
redeem or retire debt or for any other business purpose. In addition, the
undesignated preferred shares may be issued in one or more additional classes or
series with such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional
or other special rights including, without limitation, preferential dividend or
voting rights, and rights upon liquidation, as will be fixed by our board of
trustees. Our board of trustees is authorized to classify and reclassify any
unissued shares by setting or changing, in any one or more respects, the
preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions,
limitations as to dividends, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption
of such shares. This authority includes, without limitation, subject to the
provisions of our declaration of trust, authority to classify or reclassify any
unissued shares into a class or classes of preferred shares, preference shares,
special shares or other shares, and to divide and reclassify shares of any class
into one or more series of that class.
In some
circumstances, the issuance of preferred shares, or the exercise by our board of
trustees of its right to classify or reclassify shares, could have the effect of
deterring individuals or entities from making tender offers for our Common
Shares or seeking to change incumbent management.
Terms
Subject
to the preferential rights of any other shares or class or series of equity
securities and to the provisions of our declaration of trust regarding excess
stock, holders of our Common Shares are entitled to receive dividends on the
Common Shares if, as and when authorized by our board of trustees and declared
by us out of assets legally available therefor and to share ratably in those of
our assets legally available for distribution to our shareholders in the event
that we liquidate, dissolve or wind up, after payment of, or adequate provision
for, all of our known debts and liabilities and the amount to which holders of
any class or series of shares classified or reclassified or having a preference
on distributions in liquidation, dissolution or winding up have a
right.
Subject
to the provisions of our declaration of trust regarding excess stock, each
outstanding Common Share entitles the holder to one vote on all matters
submitted to a vote of shareholders, including the election of trustees, and,
except as otherwise required by law or except as otherwise provided in our
declaration of trust with respect to any other class or series of shares,
including our special voting preferred stock, the holders of our Common Shares
will possess exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the
election of trustees, which means that the holders of a majority of our
outstanding Common Shares and special voting preferred stock entitled to cast a
majority of the votes in the election of trustees can elect all of the trustees
then standing for election, and the holders of our remaining Common Shares or
special voting preferred stock will not be able to elect any
trustees.
Holders
of our Common Shares have no conversion, sinking fund or redemption rights, or
preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities.
We
furnish our shareholders with annual reports containing audited consolidated
financial statements and an opinion thereon expressed by an independent public
accounting firm.
Subject
to the provisions of our declaration of trust regarding excess shares, all of
our Common Shares will have equal dividend, distribution, liquidation and other
rights and will have no preference, appraisal or exchange rights.
Restrictions
on Ownership
For us to
qualify as a REIT under the Code, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding
capital shares may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer
individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) during the last
half of a taxable year. To assist us in meeting this requirement, we may take
certain actions to limit the beneficial ownership, directly or indirectly, by a
single person of our outstanding equity securities. See “Certain Provisions of
Maryland Law and Our Declaration of Trust and Bylaws” elsewhere in this
prospectus.
Transfer
Agent
The
transfer agent and registrar for our Common Shares is The Bank of New York
Mellon.
CERTAIN
PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR DECLARATION OF TRUST AND
BYLAWS
This
summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by
reference to our declaration of trust and bylaws, each as supplemented, amended
or restated, and Maryland law. See “Where You Can Find More
Information” in this prospectus.
Restrictions
Relating To REIT Status
For us to
qualify as a REIT under the Code, among other things, not more than 50% in value
of our outstanding shares may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer
individuals (defined in the Code to include certain entities) during the last
half of a taxable year, and such capital shares must be beneficially owned by
100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months or
during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year (in each case, other than
the first such year). Our declaration of trust, subject to certain exceptions,
provides that no holder may own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the
attribution provisions of the Code, more than 9.8% of the value of our equity
stock, defined as Common Shares or preferred stock, which we refer to as equity
shares. We refer to this restriction as the Ownership Limit. Our board of
trustees may exempt a person from the Ownership Limit if evidence satisfactory
to our board of trustees and tax counsel is presented that the changes in
ownership will not then or in the future jeopardize our status as a REIT. Our
board of trustees has granted waivers of the Ownership Limit to certain holders
of our shares, including Vornado Realty Trust and Apollo Real Estate Investment
Fund III, L.P. Any transfer of equity shares or any security convertible into
equity shares that would create a direct or indirect ownership of equity shares
in excess of the Ownership Limit or that would result in our disqualification as
a REIT, including any transfer that results in the equity shares being owned by
fewer than 100 persons or results in our being “closely held” within the meaning
of Section 856(h) of the Code, will be null and void, and the intended
transferee will acquire no rights to such equity shares. The foregoing
restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply if our board of
trustees determines that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to
qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT.
Equity
shares owned, or deemed to be owned, or transferred to a shareholder in excess
of the Ownership Limit, or that would result in our being “closely held” (within
the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code), will automatically be converted into
shares of beneficial interest classified as excess stock, which we refer to as
our excess shares, that will be transferred to us as trustee of a trust for the
exclusive benefit of the transferees to whom such shares may be ultimately
transferred without violating the Ownership Limit. The excess shares are not
entitled to be voted, be considered for purposes of any shareholder vote or the
determination of a quorum for such vote and, except upon liquidation, entitled
to participate in dividends or other distributions. Any dividend or distribution
paid to a proposed transferee of excess shares prior to our discovery that
equity shares have been transferred in violation of the provisions of our
declaration of trust will be repaid to us upon demand. The excess shares are not
treasury shares, but rather constitute a separate class of our issued and
outstanding shares. The original transferee-shareholder may, at any time the
excess shares are held by us in trust, transfer the interest in the trust
representing the excess shares to any individual whose ownership of the equity
shares exchanged into such excess shares would be permitted under our
declaration of trust, at a price not in excess of the price paid by the original
transferee-shareholder for the equity shares that were exchanged into excess
shares, or, if the transferee-shareholder did not give value for such shares, a
price not in excess of the market price (as determined in the manner set forth
in our declaration of trust) on the date of the purported transfer. Immediately
upon the transfer to the permitted transferee, the excess shares will
automatically be exchanged for equity shares of the class from which they were
converted. If the foregoing transfer restrictions are determined to be void or
invalid by virtue of any legal decision, statute, rule or regulation, then the
intended transferee of any excess shares may be deemed, at our option, to have
acted as an agent on our behalf in acquiring the excess shares and to hold the
excess shares on our behalf.
In
addition to the foregoing transfer restrictions, we will have the right, for a
period of 90 days, after the later of the day we receive written notice of a
transfer or other event, or our board of trustees determines in good faith that
a transfer or other event has occurred, resulting in excess shares, to purchase
all or any portion of the excess shares from the original transferee-shareholder
for the lesser of the price paid for the equity shares by the original
transferee-shareholder or the market price (as determined in the manner set
forth in our declaration of trust) of the equity shares on the date we exercise
our option to purchase.
Each
shareholder will be required, upon demand, to disclose to us in writing any
information with respect to the direct, indirect and constructive ownership of
shares as our board of trustees deems necessary to comply with the provisions of
the Code applicable to REITs, to comply with the requirements of any taxing
authority or governmental agency or to determine any such
compliance.
This
Ownership Limit may have the effect of precluding an acquisition of control
unless our board of trustees determines that maintenance of REIT status is no
longer in our best interest.
Maryland
Law
Business
Combinations.
Under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland real estate
investment trust and an interested shareholder or an affiliate of an interested
shareholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which
the interested shareholder becomes an interested shareholder. These business
combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in
circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or
reclassification of equity securities. An interested shareholder is defined
as:
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any
person who beneficially owns ten percent or more of the voting power of
the trust’s shares; or
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an
affiliate or associate of the trust who, at any time within the two-year
period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of ten
percent or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting shares
of the trust.
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A person
is not an interested shareholder under the statute if the board of trustees
approved in advance the transaction by which he otherwise would have become an
interested shareholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of
trustees may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the
time of approval, with any terms or conditions determined by the
board.
After the
five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland real estate
investment trust and an interested shareholder generally must be recommended by
the board of trustees of the trust and approved by the affirmative vote of at
least:
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eighty
percent of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding voting
shares of the trust; and
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two-thirds
of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting shares of the trust
other than shares held by the interested shareholder with whom or with
whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an
affiliate or associate of the interested
shareholder.
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These
super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the trust’s common shareholders
receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the
form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the
interested shareholder for its shares.
The
statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business
combinations that are exempted by the board of trustees prior to the time that
the interested shareholder becomes an interested shareholder.
In
connection with its approval of our merger with Newkirk Realty Trust, Inc., or
Newkirk, referred to as the Merger, our board of trustees has exempted, to a
limited extent, certain holders of Newkirk stock and MLP Units who received our
Common Shares in the Merger.
The
business combination statute may discourage others from trying to acquire
control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any
offer.
Control Share
Acquisitions.
Maryland law provides that control shares of a Maryland real estate investment
trust acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to
the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on
the matter. Shares owned by the acquirer, by officers or by employees who are
trustees of the trust are excluded from shares entitled to vote on the matter.
Control shares are voting shares which, if aggregated with all other shares
owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise
or
direct
the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy),
would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing trustees within
one of the following ranges of voting power:
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one-tenth
or more but less than one-third,
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one-third
or more but less than a majority,
or
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a
majority or more of all voting
power.
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Control
shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a
result of having previously obtained shareholder approval. A control share
acquisition means the acquisition of control shares, subject to certain
exceptions.
A person
who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition may compel the
board of trustees of the trust to call a special meeting of shareholders to be
held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. The
right to compel the calling of a special meeting is subject to the satisfaction
of certain conditions, including an undertaking to pay the expenses of the
meeting. If no request for a meeting is made, the trust may itself present the
question at any shareholders meeting.
If voting
rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not
deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then the trust
may redeem for fair value any or all of the control shares, except those for
which voting rights have previously been approved. The right of the trust to
redeem control shares is subject to certain conditions and limitations. Fair
value is determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the
control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the
acquirer or of any meeting of shareholders at which the voting rights of the
shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are
approved at a shareholders meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a
majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other shareholders may exercise
appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of
appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the
acquirer in the control share acquisition.
The
control share acquisition statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a
merger, consolidation or share exchange if the trust is a party to the
transaction, or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the declaration of
trust or bylaws of the trust.
Our
bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute
any and all acquisitions by any person of our shares. There can be no assurance
that this provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the
future.
Unsolicited
Takeover Provisions of Maryland Law
Publicly-held
Maryland statutory real estate investment trusts may elect to be governed by all
or any part of Maryland law provisions relating to extraordinary actions and
unsolicited takeovers. The election to be governed by one or more of these
provisions can be made by a trust in its declaration of trust or bylaws
(“charter documents”) or by resolution adopted by its board of trustees so long
as the trust has at least three trustees who, at the time of electing to be
subject to the provisions, are not:
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officers
or employees of the trust;
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persons
seeking to acquire control of the
trust;
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trustees,
officers, affiliates or associates of any person seeking to acquire
control of the trust; or
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nominated
or designated as trustees by a person seeking to acquire control of the
trust.
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Articles
supplementary must be filed with the State Department of Assessments and
Taxation of Maryland if a trust elects to be subject to any or all of the
provisions by board resolution or bylaw amendment. Shareholder approval is not
required for the filing of these articles supplementary.
Maryland
law provides that a trust can elect to be subject to all or any portion of the
following provisions, notwithstanding any contrary provisions contained in that
trust’s existing charter documents:
Classified
Board: The trust may divide its board into three classes which, to the
extent possible, will have the same number of trustees, the terms of which will
expire at the third annual meeting of shareholders after the election of each
class;
Two-thirds
Shareholder Vote to Remove Trustees: The shareholders may remove any
trustee only by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all votes
entitled to be cast by the shareholders generally in the election of
trustees;
Size of Board
Fixed by Vote of Board: The number of trustees will be fixed only by
resolution of the board;
Board Vacancies
Filled by the Board for the Remaining Term: Vacancies that result from an
increase in the size of the board, or the death, resignation, or removal of a
trustee, may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the
remaining trustees even if they do not constitute a quorum. Trustees elected to
fill vacancies will hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class
of trustees in which the vacancy occurred, as opposed to until the next annual
meeting of shareholders, and until a successor is elected and qualifies;
and
Shareholder Calls
of Special Meetings: Special meetings of shareholders may be called by
the secretary of the trust only upon the written request of shareholders
entitled to cast at least a majority of all votes entitled to be cast at the
meeting and only in accordance with certain procedures set out in the Maryland
General Corporation Law.
We have
not elected to be governed by these specific provisions. However, our
declaration of trust and/or bylaws, as applicable, already provide for an 80%
shareholder vote to remove trustees (and then only for cause), that the number
of trustees may be determined by a resolution of our board of trustees, subject
to a minimum number, and that special meetings of the shareholders may only be
called by the chairman of the board of trustees or the president or by a
majority of the board of trustees and as may be required by law. In addition, we
can elect to be governed by any or all of the foregoing provisions of the
Maryland law at any time in the future.
Merger,
Amendment to Declaration of Trust, Termination
Pursuant
to the Maryland REIT Law, a real estate investment trust generally cannot amend
its declaration of trust or merge unless approved by the affirmative vote of
shareholders holding at least two-thirds of the votes to be cast on the matter
unless a lesser percentage (but not less than a majority of all of the votes to
be cast on the matter) is set forth in its declaration of trust. Our declaration
of trust provides that those actions, with the exception of certain amendments
to our declaration of trust for which a higher vote requirement has been set,
will be valid and effective if authorized by holders of a majority of the total
number of votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Certain amendments to
preserve our REIT status may be made without shareholder approval. Subject to
the provisions of any other class or series of shares, we may be terminated by
the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of the votes
entitled to be cast on the matter.
Advance
Notice of Trustee Nominations and New Business
Our
bylaws provide that for any shareholder proposal to be presented in connection
with an annual meeting of shareholders, including any proposal relating to the
nomination of a trustee, the shareholders must have given timely notice thereof
in writing to our secretary in accordance with the provisions of our
bylaws.
DESCRIPTION
OF LCIF UNITS
The
material terms of the LCIF units covered by this prospectus, including a summary
of certain provisions of the LCIF Partnership Agreement, as in effect as of the
date of this prospectus, are set forth below. The following description does not
purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by
reference to applicable provisions of Delaware law and the LCIF Partnership
Agreement. For a comparison of the voting and other rights of holders of LCIF
units, whom we refer to as LCIF unitholders or limited partners, and our
shareholders, see “Comparison of Ownership of LCIF Units and Common Shares”
elsewhere in this prospectus.
General
We are
the sole equity owner of Lex GP-1 Trust, or Lex GP-1, a Delaware statutory
trust, which is the general partner of LCIF and holds, as of the date of this
prospectus, a 1% interest in LCIF. We are also the sole equity owner of Lex LP-1
Trust, or Lex LP-1, a Delaware statutory trust, which holds, as of the date of
this prospectus, approximately 85.8% of the LCIF units.
Issuance
of LCIF Units
Our
operating partnership structure enables us to acquire property by issuing equity
partnership units, including LCIF units, to a direct or indirect property owner
as a form of consideration. All of the LCIF units which have been issued as of
the date of this prospectus are redeemable, at the option of the holders
thereof, on a one-for-one basis (subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments)
for Common Shares at various times, and certain LCIF units require us to pay
distributions to the holders thereof (although certain LCIF units currently
outstanding do not require the payment of distributions). As a result, our cash
available for distribution to shareholders is reduced by the amount of the
distributions required by the terms of such LCIF units, and the number of Common
Shares that will be outstanding in the future is expected to increase, from time
to time, as such LCIF units are redeemed for Common Shares. Lex GP-1 has the
right to redeem the LCIF units held by all, but not less than all, of the LCIF
unitholders (other than those LCIF unitholders identified as the “Special
Limited Partners” in the LCIF Partnership Agreement) under certain
circumstances, including but not limited to a merger, sale of assets,
consolidation, share issuance, share redemption or other similar transaction by
us or LCIF which would result in a change of beneficial ownership in us or LCIF
by 50% or more.
LCIF
unitholders hold LCIF units and all LCIF unitholders are entitled to share in
the profits and losses of LCIF.
LCIF
unitholders have the rights to which limited partners are entitled under the
LCIF Partnership Agreement and the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership
Act, which we refer to as the Delaware Act. The LCIF units have not been
registered pursuant to the federal or state securities laws and are not listed
on any exchange or quoted on any national market system.
As of the
date of this prospectus, there are approximately 3,954,782 LCIF units
outstanding that are not held by us, all which are currently redeemable for
Common Shares, including the 75,733 LCIF units to which this prospectus relates.
The average annualized distribution per LCIF unit is currently $1.32. Of the
total LCIF units, 787,144 LCIF units are beneficially owned by E. Robert
Roskind, the chairman of our board of trustees.
Purposes,
Business And Management
The
purpose of LCIF includes the conduct of any business that may be conducted
lawfully by a limited partnership organized under the Delaware Act, except that
the LCIF Partnership Agreement requires the business of LCIF to be conducted in
such a manner that will permit us to continue to be classified as a REIT under
Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, unless we cease to qualify as a REIT for
reasons other than the conduct of the business of LCIF. Subject to the foregoing
limitation, LCIF may enter into partnerships, joint ventures or similar
arrangements and may own interests in any other entity.
We, as
sole equity owner of Lex GP-1, which is the sole general partner of LCIF, have
exclusive power and authority to conduct the business of LCIF, subject to the
consent of the limited partners in certain limited circumstances discussed
below. No limited partner may take part in the operation, management or control
of the business of LCIF by virtue of being a LCIF unitholder.
Ability
To Engage In Other Businesses; Conflicts Of Interest
Lex GP-1
may not, without the consent of the holders of a majority of the LCIF units held
by the Special Limited Partners, engage in any business other than to hold and
own LCIF units. The holders of a majority of the LCIF units held by the Special
Limited Partners have consented to Lex GP-1’s holding and ownership of units of
limited partnership of our other operating partnerships and acting as the
general partner thereof and of another one of our partnership subsidiaries.
Neither LXP nor other persons (including our officers, trustees, employees,
agents and other affiliates) are prohibited under the LCIF Partnership Agreement
from engaging in other business activities or are required to present any
business opportunities to LCIF.
Distributions;
Allocations Of Income And Loss
Generally,
LCIF unitholders are allocated and distributed amounts with respect to their
LCIF units which approximate the amount of distributions made with respect to
the same number of our Common Shares, as determined in the manner provided in
the LCIF Partnership Agreement and subject to certain restrictions and
exceptions for certain limited partners. Remaining amounts available for
distribution are generally allocated to Lex GP-1.
Borrowing
By LCIF
Lex GP-1
has full power and authority to cause LCIF to borrow money and to assume and
guarantee debt.
Reimbursement
Of Expenses; Transactions With The General Partner And Its
Affiliates
Neither
we nor Lex GP-1 receives any compensation for Lex GP-1’s services as general
partner of LCIF. Lex GP-1 and Lex LP-1, however, as partners in LCIF, have the
same right to allocations and distributions as other partners of LCIF. In
addition, LCIF will reimburse Lex GP-1 and us for all expenses incurred by them
related to the ownership and operation of, or for the benefit of, LCIF. In the
event that certain expenses are incurred for the benefit of LCIF and other
entities (including us), such expenses are allocated by us, as sole equity owner
of the general partner of LCIF, to LCIF and such other entities in a manner as
we, as sole equity owner of the general partner of LCIF, in our sole and
absolute discretion deem fair and reasonable. We have guaranteed the obligations
of LCIF in connection with the redemption of LCIF units pursuant to the LCIF
Partnership Agreement.
We and
our affiliates may engage in any transactions with LCIF subject to the fiduciary
duties established under applicable law.
Funding
Agreement
In
connection with the Merger, as defined above, we and our four Operating
Partnerships, including LCIF, entered into a funding agreement. Pursuant to the
funding agreement, the parties agreed, jointly and severally, that, if any of
the Operating Partnerships does not have sufficient cash available to make a
quarterly distribution to its limited partners in an amount equal to whichever
is applicable of (i) a specified distribution set forth in its partnership
agreement or (ii) the cash dividend payable with respect to whole or fractional
Common Shares into which such partnership’s common units would be converted if
they were redeemed for our Common Shares in accordance with its partnership
agreement, we and the other Operating Partnerships, each a “funding
partnership”, will fund their pro rata share of the shortfall. The pro rata
share of each funding partnership and our pro rata share, respectively, will be
determined based on the number of units in each funding partnership and, for the
Company, by the amount by which our total outstanding Common Shares exceeds the
number of units in each funding partnership not owned by us, with appropriate
adjustments being made if units are not redeemable on a one-for-one basis.
Payments under the funding agreement will be made in the form of loans to the
partnership experiencing a shortfall and will bear interest at prevailing rates
as determined by us in our discretion but no less than the applicable federal
rate. The MLP’s right to receive these loans will expire if we contribute to the
MLP all of our economic interests in the other Operating Partnerships, including
LCIF, our existing joint ventures and all of our other subsidiaries that are
partnerships, joint ventures or limited liability companies. However, thereafter
the MLP will remain obligated to continue to make these loans until there are no
remaining units outstanding in the other Operating Partnerships, including LCIF,
and all loans have been repaid.
Liability
Of General Partner And Limited Partners
Lex GP-1,
as the general partner of LCIF, is ultimately liable for all general recourse
obligations of LCIF to the extent not paid by LCIF. Lex GP-1 is not liable for
the nonrecourse obligations of LCIF. The limited partners of LCIF are not
required to make additional capital contributions to LCIF. Assuming that a
limited partner does not take part in the control of the business of LCIF in its
capacity as a limited partner thereof and otherwise acts in conformity with the
provisions of the LCIF Partnership Agreement, the liability of the limited
partner for obligations of LCIF under the LCIF Partnership Agreement and the
Delaware Act is generally limited, subject to certain limited exceptions, to the
loss of the limited partner’s investment in LCIF. LCIF will operate in a manner
the general partner deems reasonable, necessary and appropriate to preserve the
limited liability of the limited partners.
Exculpation
And Indemnification Of The General Partner
Generally,
Lex GP-1, as general partner of LCIF (and us as the sole equity owner of the
general partner of LCIF) will incur no liability to LCIF or any limited partner
for losses sustained or liabilities incurred as a result of errors in judgment
or of any act or omission if we carried out our duties in good faith. In
addition, neither Lex GP-1 nor us are responsible for any misconduct or
negligence on the part of their agents, provided such agents were appointed in
good faith. Lex GP-1 and the Company may consult with legal counsel,
accountants, appraisers, management consultants, investment bankers and other
consultants and advisors, and any action it takes or omits to take in reliance
upon the opinion of such persons, as to matters that Lex GP-1 and the Company
reasonably believe to be within their professional or expert competence, shall
be conclusively presumed to have been done or omitted in good faith and in
accordance with such opinion.
The LCIF
Partnership Agreement also provides that LCIF will indemnify Lex GP-1 and us,
our respective directors, trustees and officers, and such other persons as Lex
GP-1 and the Company may from time to time designate to the fullest extent
permitted under the Delaware Act.
Sales
Of Assets
Under the
LCIF Partnership Agreement, Lex GP-1 generally has the exclusive authority to
determine whether, when and on what terms the assets of LCIF will be sold. LCIF,
however, is prohibited under the LCIF Partnership Agreement and certain
contractual agreements from selling certain assets, except in certain limited
circumstances. Lex GP-1 may not consent to a sale of all or substantially all of
the assets of LCIF, or a merger of LCIF with another entity, without the consent
of a majority in interest of the Special Limited Partners.
Lex GP-1
has the right to redeem the LCIF units held by all, but not less than all, of
the LCIF unitholders (other than those LCIF unitholders identified as the
“Special Limited Partners” in the LCIF Partnership Agreement) under certain
circumstances, including but not limited to a merger, sale of assets,
consolidation, share issuance, share redemption or other similar transaction by
us or LCIF which would result in a change of beneficial ownership in us or LCIF
by 50% or more.
Removal
Of The General Partner; Restrictions on Transfer By The General Partner Or
Us
The LCIF
Partnership Agreement provides that the limited partners may not remove Lex GP-1
as general partner of LCIF. Lex GP-1 may not transfer any of its interests as
the general partner of LCIF, and Lex LP-1 may not transfer any of its interests
as a limited partner in LCIF, except to each other or to us.
Restrictions
On Transfer Of LCIF Units By LCIF Unitholders
LCIF
unitholders may not transfer their LCIF units without the consent of Lex GP-1,
which may be withheld in its sole and absolute discretion, provided that LCIF
unitholders may transfer all or a portion of their LCIF units to (i) immediate
family members, (ii) certain 501(c)(3) organizations, (iii) a partner in such
LCIF unitholder in a distribution to all of its partners or (iv) a lender as
security for a loan to be made or guaranteed by such LCIF unitholder. However, a
LCIF unitholder may assign the economic rights associated with its LCIF units,
without the consent of Lex GP-1, but such assignee will not be (i) admitted to
LCIF as a substituted limited partner or (ii)
entitled
to the same rights as a substituted limited partner. In addition, LCIF
unitholders may dispose of their LCIF units by exercising their rights to have
their LCIF units redeemed for Common Shares. See “Redemption of LCIF Units”
below.
Issuance
Of Additional Limited Partnership Interests
Lex GP-1
is authorized, in its sole and absolute discretion and without the consent of
the limited partners, to cause LCIF to issue additional LCIF units to any
limited partners or any other persons for such consideration and on such terms
and conditions as Lex GP-1 deems appropriate. In addition, Lex GP-1 may cause
LCIF to issue additional partnership interests in different series or classes,
which may be senior to the LCIF units. Subject to certain exceptions, no
additional LCIF units may be issued to us, Lex GP-1 or Lex LP-1.
Meetings;
Voting
The LCIF
Partnership Agreement provides that limited partners may not take part in the
operation, management or control of LCIF’s business. The LCIF Partnership
Agreement does not provide for annual meetings of the limited partners, and LCIF
does not anticipate calling such meetings.
Amendment
Of The LCIF Partnership Agreement
The LCIF
Partnership Agreement may be amended with the consent of Lex GP-1, Lex LP-1 and
a majority in interest of the Special Limited Partners. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, Lex GP-1 has the power, without the consent of limited partners, to
amend the LCIF Partnership Agreement in certain limited
circumstances.
Dissolution,
Winding Up And Termination
LCIF will
continue indefinitely, unless sooner dissolved and terminated. LCIF will be
dissolved, and its affairs wound up upon the occurrence of the earliest of: (1)
the withdrawal of Lex GP-1 as general partner (except in certain limited
circumstances); (2) the sale of all or substantially all of LCIF’s assets and
properties; or (3) the entry of a decree of judicial dissolution of LCIF
pursuant to the provisions of the Delaware Act. Upon dissolution, Lex GP-1, as
general partner, or any person elected as liquidator by a majority in interest
of the limited partners, will proceed to liquidate the assets of LCIF and apply
the proceeds therefrom in the order of priority set forth in the LCIF
Partnership Agreement.
REDEMPTION
OF LCIF UNITS
General
Each LCIF
unitholder may, subject to certain limitations, require that LCIF redeem its
LCIF units, by delivering a notice to LCIF. We have guaranteed the obligation of
LCIF to redeem LCIF units covered by any such notice. Upon redemption, such
unitholder will receive one Common Share in exchange for each LCIF unit held by
such unitholder.
LCIF and
the Company will satisfy any redemption right exercised by a unitholder through
our issuance of Common Shares, whether pursuant to this prospectus or otherwise,
whereupon we will acquire, and become the owner of, the LCIF units being
redeemed. Each acquisition of LCIF units by us will be treated as a sale of the
LCIF units by the redeeming unitholders to us for federal income tax purposes.
See “— Tax Treatment of Redemption of LCIF Units” below. Upon redemption, the
former unitholder’s right to receive distributions from LCIF with respect to the
LCIF units redeemed will cease. The unitholder will have rights to dividend
distributions as one of our shareholders from the time of its acquisition of our
Common Shares in exchange for the redemption of its LCIF units.
A
unitholder must notify Lex GP-1 and us of its desire to require LCIF to redeem
LCIF units by sending a notice in the form attached as an exhibit to the LCIF
Partnership Agreement, a copy of which is available from us. A unitholder must
request the redemption of at least 1,000 LCIF units, or, if the unitholder holds
fewer than 1,000 LCIF units, all LCIF units held by such holder. No redemption
can occur if the delivery of Common Shares would be prohibited under the
provisions of the declaration of trust designed to protect our qualification as
a REIT.
Tax
Treatment Of Redemption Of LCIF Units
The
following discussion summarizes certain federal income tax considerations that
may be relevant to a unitholder that exercises its right to cause a redemption
of its LCIF units.
The LCIF
Partnership Agreement provides that the redemption of LCIF units will be treated
by us and LCIF and the redeeming unitholder as a sale of LCIF units by the
unitholder to us at the time of the redemption. The sale will be fully taxable
to the redeeming unitholder.
The
determination of gain or loss from the sale or other disposition will be based
on the difference between the unitholder’s amount realized for tax purposes and
his tax basis in such LCIF units. The amount realized will be measured by the
fair market value of property received (e.g., the Common Shares) plus the
portion of the liabilities of LCIF, allocable to the LCIF units sold. In
general, a unitholder’s tax basis is based on the cost of the LCIF units,
adjusted for the unitholder’s allocable share of the income, loss, distributions
and liabilities of LCIF, and can be determined by reference to Schedule K-1’s of
LCIF. To the extent that the amount realized exceeds the unitholder’s basis for
the LCIF units disposed of, such unitholder will recognize gain. It is possible
that the amount of gain recognized or even the tax liability resulting from such
gain could exceed the fair market value of the Common Shares received upon such
disposition. EACH UNITHOLDER SHOULD CONSULT WITH ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR FOR THE
SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROM A REDEMPTION OF ITS LCIF
UNITS.
Generally,
any gain recognized upon a sale or other disposition of LCIF units will be
treated as gain attributable to the sale or disposition of a capital asset. To
the extent, however, that the amount realized upon the sale of LCIF units
attributable to a unitholder’s share of “unrealized receivables” of LCIF (as
defined in Section 751 of the Code) exceeds the basis attributable to those
assets, such excess will be treated as ordinary income. Unrealized receivables
include, to the extent not previously included in the income of LCIF any rights
to payment for services rendered or to be rendered. Unrealized receivables also
include amounts that would be subject to recapture as ordinary income if LCIF
had sold its assets at their fair market value at the time of the transfer of
LCIF units.
For
individuals, trusts and estates, the maximum rate of tax on the net capital
(i.e., long-term capital gain less short-term capital loss) gain from a sale or
exchange of a long-term capital asset (i.e., a capital asset held for more than
12 months) is 15%. The maximum rate for net capital gains attributable to the
sale of depreciable real property held for
more than
12 months is 25% to the extent of the prior depreciation deductions for
“unrecaptured Section 1250 gain” (that is, depreciation deductions not otherwise
recaptured as ordinary income under the existing depreciation recapture rules).
Treasury Regulations provide that individuals, trusts and estates are subject to
a 25% tax to the extent of their allocable share of unrecaptured Section 1250
gain immediately prior to their sale or disposition of the LCIF units (the “25%
Amount”). Provided that the LCIF units are held as a long-term capital asset,
such unitholders would be subject to a maximum rate of tax of 15% of the
difference, if any, between any gain on the sale or disposition of the LCIF
units and the 25% Amount.
There is
a risk that a redemption by LCIF of LCIF units issued in exchange for a
contribution of property to LCIF may cause the original transfer of property to
LCIF in exchange for LCIF units to be treated as a “disguised sale” of property.
Section 707 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder (the “Disguised
Sale Regulations”) generally provide that, unless one of the prescribed
exceptions is applicable, a partner’s contribution of property to a partnership
and a simultaneous or subsequent transfer of money or other consideration (which
may include the assumption of or taking subject to a liability) from the
partnership to the partner will be presumed to be a sale, in whole or in part,
of such property by the partner to the partnership. Further, the Disguised Sale
Regulations provide generally that, in the absence of an applicable exception,
if money or other consideration is transferred by a partnership to a partner
within two years of the partner’s contribution of property, the transactions are
presumed to be a sale of the contributed property unless the facts and
circumstances clearly establish that the transfers do not constitute a sale. The
Disguised Sale Regulations also provide that if two years have passed between
the transfer of money or other consideration and the contribution of property,
the transactions will be presumed not to be a sale unless the facts and
circumstances clearly establish that the transfers constitute a sale. EACH
UNITHOLDER SHOULD CONSULT WITH ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR TO DETERMINE WHETHER A
REDEMPTION OF LCIF UNITS COULD BE SUBJECT TO THE DISGUISED SALE
REGULATIONS.
REGISTRATION
RIGHTS
We have
filed the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part pursuant to
our obligations under the LCIF Partnership Agreement in conjunction with certain
agreements entered into in connection with the acquisition of certain
properties. Under these agreements, executed in conjunction with the parties
listed therein, we are obligated to use our reasonable efforts to keep the
registration statement continuously effective for a period expiring on the date
on which all of the LCIF units covered by these agreements have been redeemed
pursuant to the registration statement. Any Common Shares that have been sold
pursuant to such agreements, or have been otherwise transferred and new
certificates for them have been issued without legal restriction on further
transfer of such shares, will no longer be entitled to the benefits of those
agreements.
We have
no obligation under these agreements to retain any underwriter to effect the
sale of the shares covered thereby and the registration statement will not be
available for use for an underwritten public offering of such
shares.
Pursuant
to these agreements, we agreed to pay all expenses of effecting the registration
of the Common Shares covered by this prospectus (other than underwriting
discounts and commissions, fees and disbursements of counsel, and transfer
taxes, if any) pursuant to the registration statement.
COMPARISON
OF OWNERSHIP OF LCIF UNITS AND COMMON SHARES
The
information below highlights a number of the significant differences between
LCIF and us relating to, among other things, form of organization, permitted
investments, policies and restrictions, management structure, compensation and
fees, investor rights and federal income taxation, and compares certain legal
rights associated with the ownership of LCIF units and our Common Shares,
respectively. These comparisons are intended to assist unitholders in
understanding how their investment will be changed if their LCIF units are
redeemed for Common Shares. This discussion is summary in nature and does not
constitute a complete discussion of these matters, and unitholders should
carefully review the balance of this prospectus and the registration statement
of which this prospectus is a part for additional important information about
us.
LCIF
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THE
COMPANY
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FORM OF ORGANIZATION
AND ASSETS OWNED
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LCIF
is organized as a Delaware limited partnership. LCIF owns interests
(directly and indirectly through subsidiaries) in
properties
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We
are a Maryland statutory real estate investment trust. We believe that we
have operated so as to qualify as a REIT under the Code, commencing with
our taxable year ended December 31, 1993, and intend to continue to so
operate. Our indirect interest in LCIF gives us an indirect investment in
the properties owned by LCIF. In addition, we own (either directly or
indirectly through interests in subsidiaries other than LCIF) interests in
other properties.
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LENGTH OF
INVESTMENT
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LCIF
has a perpetual term, unless sooner dissolved and
terminated.
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We
have a perpetual term and intend to continue our operations for an
indefinite time period.
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PURPOSE AND PERMITTED
INVESTMENTS
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LCIF’s
purpose is to conduct any business that may be lawfully conducted by a
limited partnership organized pursuant to the Delaware Act, provided that
such business is to be conducted in a manner that permits us to be
qualified as a REIT unless we cease to qualify as a REIT for reasons other
than the conduct of LCIF’s business. LCIF may not take, or refrain from
taking, any action which, in the judgment of the general partner (which is
wholly owned by us) (i) could adversely affect our ability to continue to
qualify as a REIT, (ii) could subject us to any additional taxes under
Section 857 or Section 4981 of the Code, or any other Section of the Code,
or (iii) could violate any law or regulation of any governmental body
(unless such action, or inaction, is specifically consented to by
us).
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Our
purposes are to engage in the real estate business and lawful activities
incidental thereto, and to engage in any lawful activity permitted under
the applicable laws of the State of Maryland. We are permitted by the LCIF
Partnership Agreement to engage in activities not related to the business
of LCIF, including activities in direct or indirect competition with LCIF,
and may own assets other than our interests in LCIF, and such other assets
necessary to carry out our responsibilities under the LCIF Partnership
Agreement, and our declaration of trust. In addition, we have no
obligation to present opportunities to LCIF and the unitholders have no
rights by virtue of the LCIF Partnership Agreement in any of our outside
business ventures.
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ADDITIONAL
EQUITY
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LCIF
is authorized to issue LCIF units and other partnership interests
(including partnership interests of different series or classes that may
be senior to LCIF units) as determined by the general partner, in its sole
discretion.
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Our
board of trustees, in its discretion, may cause us to issue additional
equity securities consisting of Common Shares and/or preferred shares.
However, the total number of shares issued may not exceed the authorized
number of shares set forth in our declaration of trust. The proceeds of
equity capital raised by us are not required to be contributed to LCIF;
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provided,
however, that if we desire to increase our ownership of LCIF units, we may
only do so by contributing the proceeds of equity capital raised by
us.
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BORROWING
POLICIES
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LCIF
has no restrictions on borrowings, and the general partner has full power
and authority to borrow money on behalf of LCIF.
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Neither
our declaration of trust nor our by-laws impose any restrictions on our
ability to borrow money. We are not required to incur our indebtedness
through LCIF.
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OTHER INVESTMENT
RESTRICTIONS
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Other
than restrictions precluding investments by LCIF that would adversely
affect our qualification as a REIT, there are no restrictions upon LCIF’s
authority to enter into certain transactions, including among others,
making investments, lending LCIF funds, or reinvesting LCIF’s cash flow
and net sale or refinancing proceeds.
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Neither
our declaration of trust nor our by-laws impose any restrictions upon the
types of investments made by us.
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MANAGEMENT
CONTROL
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All
management powers over the business and affairs of LCIF are vested in the
general partner of LCIF, and no limited partner of LCIF has any right to
participate in or exercise control or management power over the business
and affairs of LCIF except that (1) the general partner of LCIF may not
consent to the participation of LCIF in any merger, consolidation or other
combination with or into another person or entity, or a sale of all or
substantially all of LCIF’s assets without the consent of a majority in
interest of the Special Limited Partners, and (2) there are certain
limitations on the ability of the general partner of LCIF to cause or
permit LCIF to dissolve. See “—Voting Rights —Vote Required to Dissolve or
Terminate LCIF or Us” below. The general partner may not be removed by the
limited partners of LCIF with or without cause.
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Our
board of trustees has exclusive control over our business and affairs
subject only to the restrictions in our declaration of trust and by-laws.
Our board of trustees consists of ten trustees, which number may be
increased or decreased by vote of at least a majority of the entire board
of trustees pursuant to our by-laws. The trustees are elected at each
annual meeting of our shareholders. The policies adopted by the board of
trustees may be altered or eliminated without a vote of the shareholders.
Accordingly, except for their vote in the elections of trustees,
shareholders have no control over our ordinary business
policies.
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DUTIES
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Under
Delaware law, the general partner of LCIF is accountable to LCIF as a
fiduciary and, consequently, is required to exercise good faith and
integrity in all of its dealings with respect to partnership affairs.
However, under the LCIF Partnership Agreement, the general partner may,
but is under no obligation to, take into account the tax consequences to
any partner of any action taken by it, and the general partner is not
liable for monetary damages for losses sustained or liabilities incurred
by partners as a result of errors of judgment or of any act or omission,
provided that the general partner has acted in good faith.
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Under
Maryland law, our trustees must perform their duties in good faith, in a
manner that they reasonably believe to be in our best interests and with
the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use
under similar circumstances. Trustees who act in such a manner generally
will not be liable to us for monetary damages arising from their
activities.
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MANAGEMENT LIABILITY
AND INDEMNIFICATION
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Under
Delaware law, the general partner has liability for the payment of the
obligations and debts of LCIF unless
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Under
our declaration of trust, the liability of our trustees and officers to us
and our shareholders for
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limitations
upon such liability are stated in the document or instrument evidencing
the obligation. Under the LCIF Partnership Agreement, LCIF has agreed to
indemnify Lex GP-1 and us, and any director, trustee or officer of Lex
GP-1 or us to the fullest extent permitted under the Delaware Act. The
reasonable expenses incurred by an indemnitee may be reimbursed by LCIF in
advance of the final disposition of the proceeding upon receipt by LCIF of
a written affirmation by such indemnitee of his, her or its good faith
belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification has been
met and a written undertaking by such indemnitee to repay the amount if it
is ultimately determined that such standard was not
met.
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money
damages is limited to the fullest extent permitted under Maryland law.
Under our declaration of trust we have agreed to indemnify our trustees
and officers, to the fullest extent permitted under Maryland law and to
indemnify our other employees and agents to such extent as authorized by
our board of trustees or our by-laws, but only to the extent permitted
under applicable law. |
ANTI-TAKEOVER
PROVISIONS
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Except
in limited circumstances (see “—Voting Rights” below), the general partner
of LCIF has exclusive management power over the business and affairs of
LCIF. The general partner may not be removed by the limited partners with
or without cause. Under the LCIF Partnership Agreement, a limited partner
may transfer his or her interest as a limited partner (subject to certain
limited exceptions set forth in the LCIF Partnership Agreement), without
obtaining the approval of the general partner. However, without the
consent of the general partner, a transferee will not be (i) admitted to
LCIF as a substituted limited partner or (ii) entitled to the same rights
as a substituted limited partner.
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Our
declaration of trust and by-laws contain a number of provisions that may
have the effect of delaying or discouraging an unsolicited proposal for
the acquisition of us or the removal of incumbent management. These
provisions include, among others: (1) authorized shares that may be issued
as preferred shares in the discretion of the board of trustees, with
superior voting rights to the Common Shares; (2) a requirement that
trustees may be removed only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of
the holders of at least 80% of the combined voting power of all classes of
shares of beneficial interest entitled to vote in the election of
trustees; and (3) provisions designed to, among other things, avoid
concentration of share ownership in a manner that would jeopardize our
status as a REIT under the Code.
Furthermore,
under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland real estate
investment trust and an interested shareholder or an affiliate of an
interested shareholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent
date on which the interested shareholder becomes an interested
shareholder. See “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and Our Declaration
of Trust and Bylaws – Maryland Law,” elsewhere in this
prospectus.
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VOTING
RIGHTS
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All
decisions relating to the operation and management of LCIF are made by the
general partner. See “Description of LCIF Units” elsewhere in this
prospectus. As of the date of this prospectus, we held, through Lex GP-1
and Lex LP-1, approximately 86.8% of the outstanding LCIF units. As LCIF
units are redeemed by unitholders, our percentage ownership of LCIF will
increase.
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We
are managed and controlled by a board of trustees presently consisting of
ten members. Each trustee is to be elected by the shareholders at annual
meetings of our shareholders. Maryland law requires that certain major
corporate transactions, including most amendments to the declaration of
trust, may not be consummated without the approval of shareholders as set
forth below. All Common Shares have one vote, and the declaration of trust
permits the board of trustees to classify and issue preferred shares in
one or more series having voting power which may differ from that of the
Common Shares. See “Description of Our Common Shares”
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elsewhere
in this prospectus.
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The
following is a comparison of the voting rights of the limited partners of
LCIF and our shareholders as they relate to certain major
transactions:
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A. AMENDMENT
OF THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT OR THE DECLARATION OF TRUST.
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The
LCIF Partnership Agreement may be amended with the consent of Lex GP-1,
Lex LP-1 and a majority in interest of the Special Limited Partners.
Certain amendments that affect the fundamental rights of a limited partner
must be approved by each affected limited partner. In addition, the
general partner may, without the consent of the limited partners, amend
the LCIF Partnership Agreement as to certain ministerial
matters.
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Amendments
to our declaration of trust must be approved by our board of trustees and
generally by at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on that
matter at a meeting of shareholders. Certain amendments that affect
provisions on termination require the affirmative vote of two-thirds of
the votes entitled to be cast. In addition, our declaration of trust may
be amended by a two-thirds majority of our trustees, without shareholder
approval, in order to preserve our qualification as a REIT under the
Code.
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B. VOTE
REQUIRED TO DISSOLVE OR TERMINATE LCIF OR US.
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LCIF
may be dissolved upon the occurrence of certain events, none of which
require the consent of the limited partners.
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We
may be terminated only upon the affirmative vote of the holders of
two-thirds of the outstanding shares entitled to vote
thereon.
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C.
VOTE REQUIRED TO SELL ASSETS OR MERGE.
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Under
the LCIF Partnership Agreement, the sale, exchange, transfer or other
disposition of all or substantially all of LCIF’s assets, or a merger or
consolidation of LCIF, requires the consent of a majority in interest of
the Special Limited Partners. The general partner of LCIF has the
exclusive authority to sell individual assets of LCIF.
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Under
Maryland law and our declaration of trust, the sale of all or
substantially all of our assets, or a merger or consolidation of us,
generally requires the approval of our board of trustees and the holders
of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon. No
approval of the shareholders is required for the sale of less than all or
substantially all of our assets.
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COMPENSATION, FEES AND
DISTRIBUTIONS
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The
general partner does not receive any compensation for its services as
general partner of LCIF. As a partner in LCIF, however, the general
partner has the same right to allocations and distributions as other
partners of LCIF. In addition, LCIF will reimburse Lex GP-1 (and us) for
all expenses incurred relating to the ownership and operation of LCIF and
any other offering of additional partnership interests in
LCIF.
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Our
non-employee trustees and our officers receive compensation for their
services.
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LIABILITY OF
INVESTORS
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Under
the LCIF Partnership Agreement and applicable state law, the liability of
the limited partners for LCIF’s debts and obligations is generally limited
to the amount of their investment in LCIF.
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Under
Maryland law, our shareholders are generally not personally liable for our
debts or obligations.
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NATURE OF
INVESTMENT
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The
LCIF units constitute equity interests in LCIF. Generally, unitholders are
allocated and distributed amounts with respect to their LCIF units which
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Common
Shares constitute equity interests in us. We are entitled to receive our
pro rata share of distributions made by LCIF with respect to the LCIF
units held by us,
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approximate
the amount of distributions made with respect to the same number of our
Common Shares, as determined in the manner provided in the LCIF
Partnership Agreement and subject to certain restrictions and exceptions
for certain limited partners. LCIF generally intends to retain and
reinvest proceeds of the sale of property or excess refinancing proceeds
in its business. |
and
by our other direct subsidiaries. Each shareholder will be entitled to his
pro rata share of any dividends or distributions paid with respect to the
Common Shares. The dividends payable to the shareholders are not fixed in
amount and are only paid if, when and as authorized by our board of
trustees and declared by us. In order to continue to qualify as a REIT, we
generally must distribute at least 90% of our net taxable income
(excluding capital gains), and any taxable income (including capital
gains) not distributed will be subject to corporate income
tax.
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POTENTIAL DILUTION OF
RIGHTS
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Lex
GP-1 is authorized, in its sole discretion and without limited partner
approval, to cause LCIF to issue additional LCIF units and other equity
securities for any partnership purpose at any time to the limited partners
or to other persons (including the general partner under certain
circumstances set forth in the LCIF Partnership
Agreement).
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Our
board of trustees may authorize us to issue, in its discretion, additional
shares, and has the authority to cause us to issue from authorized capital
a variety of other equity securities with such powers, preferences and
rights as the board of trustees may designate at the time. The issuance of
either additional Common Shares or other similar equity securities may
result in the dilution of the interests of the shareholders.
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LIQUIDITY
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Limited
partners may generally transfer their LCIF units without the general
partner’s consent. However, without the consent of the general partner, a
transferee will not be (i) admitted to LCIF as a substituted limited
partner or (ii) entitled to the same rights as a substituted limited
partner. Certain limited partners have the right to tender their LCIF
units for redemption by LCIF at certain times, as specified in the LCIF
Partnership Agreement. See “Redemption of LCIF Units” elsewhere in this
prospectus.
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The
Common Shares covered by this prospectus will be freely transferable as
registered securities under the Securities Act. Our Common Shares are
listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The breadth and strength of this
secondary market will depend, among other things, upon the number of
shares outstanding, our financial results and prospects, the general
interest in the Company and other real estate investments, and our
dividend yield compared to that of other debt and equity
securities.
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FEDERAL INCOME
TAXATION
|
LCIF
is not subject to federal income taxes. Instead, each unitholder includes
its allocable share of LCIF’s taxable income or loss in determining its
individual federal income tax liability. The maximum federal income tax
rate for individuals under current law is 35%.
A
unitholder’s share of income and loss generated by LCIF generally is
subject to the “passive activity” limitations. Under the “passive
activity” rules, income and loss from LCIF that are considered “passive
income” generally can be offset against income and loss from other
investments that constitute “passive activities.” Cash distributions from
LCIF are not taxable to a unitholder except to the extent such
distributions exceed such unitholder’s basis in its interest in LCIF
(which will include such holder’s allocable share of LCIF’s taxable income
and nonrecourse debt).
Each
year, unitholders will receive a Schedule K-1
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We
have elected to be taxed as a REIT. So long as we qualify as a REIT, we
will be permitted to deduct distributions paid to our shareholders, which
effectively will reduce the “double taxation” that typically results when
a corporation earns income and distributes that income to its shareholders
in the form of dividends. A qualified REIT, however, is subject to federal
income tax on income that is not distributed and also may be subject to
federal income and excise taxes in certain circumstances. The maximum
federal income tax rate for corporations under current law is
35%.
Dividends
paid by us will be treated as “portfolio” income and cannot be offset with
losses from “passive activities.” The maximum federal income tax rate for
individuals under current law is 35%. Distributions made by us to our
taxable domestic shareholders out of current or accumulated earnings and
profits will be taken into account by them as ordinary income.
Distributions
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containing
detailed tax information for inclusion in preparing their federal income
tax returns.
Unitholders
are required, in some cases, to file state income tax returns and/or pay
state income taxes in the states in which LCIF owns property, even if they
are not residents of those states. |
that
are designated as capital gain dividends generally will be taxed as
long-term capital gain, subject to certain limitations, but generally
would not be eligible for certain recently-enacted reduced rates.
Distributions in excess of current or accumulated earnings and profits
will be treated as a non-taxable return of basis to the extent of a
shareholder’s adjusted basis in its Common Shares, with the excess taxed
as capital gain.
Each
year, shareholders will receive an IRS Form 1099 used by corporations to
report dividends paid to their shareholders.
Shareholders
who are individuals generally will not be required to file state income
tax returns and/or pay state income taxes outside of their state of
residence with respect to our operations and distributions. We may be
required to pay state income taxes in certain
states. |
UNITED
STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The
following discussion summarizes the material United States federal income tax
considerations to you as a prospective holder of our Common Shares and assumes
that you will hold such shares as capital assets (within the meaning of section
1221 of the Code). The following discussion is for general information purposes
only, is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations and is not intended
to be and should not be construed as tax advice. For example, this summary does
not give a detailed discussion of any state, local or foreign tax
considerations. In addition, this discussion is intended to address only those
federal income tax considerations that are generally applicable to all of our
shareholders. It does not discuss all of the aspects of federal income taxation
that may be relevant to you in light of your particular circumstances or to
certain types of shareholders who are subject to special treatment under the
federal income tax laws including, without limitation, insurance companies,
tax-exempt entities, financial institutions or broker-dealers, expatriates,
persons subject to the alternative minimum tax and partnerships or other pass
through entities.
The
information in this section is based on the Code, existing, temporary and
proposed regulations under the Code, the legislative history of the Code,
current administrative rulings and practices of the IRS and court decisions, all
as of the date hereof. No assurance can be given that future legislation,
regulations, administrative interpretations and court decisions will not
significantly change current law or adversely affect existing interpretations of
current law. Any such change could apply retroactively to transactions preceding
the date of the change. In addition, we have not received, and do not plan to
request, any rulings from the IRS. Thus no assurance can be provided that the
statements set forth herein (which do not bind the IRS or the courts) will not
be challenged by the IRS or that such statements will be sustained by a court if
so challenged. PROSPECTIVE HOLDERS OF OUR COMMON SHARES ARE ADVISED TO CONSULT
THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND FOREIGN TAX
CONSEQUENCES OF INVESTING IN OUR SHARES IN LIGHT OF THEIR PARTICULAR
CIRCUMSTANCES.
Taxation
of the Company
General. We elected to be
taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, commencing with our
taxable year ended December 31, 1993. We believe that we have been organized,
and have operated, in such a manner so as to qualify for taxation as a REIT
under the Code and intend to conduct our operations so as to continue to qualify
for taxation as a REIT. No assurance, however, can be given that we have
operated in a manner so as to qualify or will be able to operate in such a
manner so as to remain qualified as a REIT. Qualification and taxation as a REIT
depend upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual
operating results, the required distribution levels, diversity of share
ownership and the various qualification tests imposed under the Code discussed
below, the results of which will not be reviewed by counsel. Given the highly
complex nature of the rules governing REITs, the ongoing importance of factual
determinations, and the possibility of future changes in our circumstances, no
assurance can be given that the actual results of our operations for any one
taxable year have satisfied or will continue to satisfy such
requirements.
In the
opinion of Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP, based on certain
assumptions and our factual representations that are described in this section
and in an officer’s certificate, commencing with our taxable year ended December
31, 1993, we have been organized and operated in conformity with the
requirements for qualification as a REIT and our current and proposed method of
operation will enable us to continue to meet the requirements for qualification
and taxation as a REIT. It must be emphasized that this opinion is based on
various assumptions and is conditioned upon certain representations made by us
as to factual matters including, but not limited to, those set forth herein, and
those concerning our business and properties as set forth in this prospectus. An
opinion of counsel is not binding on the IRS or the courts.
The
following is a general summary of the Code provisions that govern the federal
income tax treatment of a REIT and its shareholders. These provisions of the
Code are highly technical and complex. This summary is qualified in its entirety
by the applicable Code provisions, Treasury Regulations and administrative and
judicial interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change
prospectively or retroactively.
If we
qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal
corporate income taxes on our net income that is currently distributed to
shareholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the “double taxation”
(at
the
corporate and shareholder levels) that generally results from investment in a
corporation. However, we will be subject to federal income tax as
follows:
First, we
will be taxed at regular corporate rates on any undistributed REIT taxable
income, including undistributed net capital gains.
Second,
under certain circumstances, we may be subject to the “alternative minimum tax”
on our items of tax preference.
Third, if
we have (a) net income from the sale or other disposition of “foreclosure
property,” which is, in general, property acquired on foreclosure or otherwise
on default on a loan secured by such real property or a lease of such property,
which is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business
or (b) other nonqualifying income from foreclosure property, we will be subject
to tax at the highest corporate rate on such income.
Fourth,
if we have net income from prohibited transactions such income will be subject
to a 100% tax. Prohibited transactions are, in general, certain sales or other
dispositions of property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary
course of business other than foreclosure property.
Fifth, if
we should fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test
(as discussed below), but nonetheless maintain our qualification as a REIT
because certain other requirements have been met, we will be subject to a 100%
tax on an amount equal to (a) the gross income attributable to the greater of
the amount by which we fail the 75% gross income test or the amount by which 95%
(90% for taxable years ending on or prior to December 31, 2004) of our gross
income exceeds the amount of income qualifying under the 95% gross income test
multiplied by (b) a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.
Sixth, if
we should fail to satisfy the asset tests (as discussed below) but nonetheless
maintain our qualification as a REIT because certain other requirements have
been met and we do not qualify for a de minimis exception, we may be subject to
a tax that would be the greater of (a) $50,000; or (b) an amount determined by
multiplying the highest rate of tax for corporations by the net income generated
by the assets for the period beginning on the first date of the failure and
ending on the day we dispose of the nonqualifying assets (or otherwise satisfy
the requirements for maintaining REIT qualification).
Seventh,
if we should fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification,
other than the 95% and 75% gross income tests and other than the asset tests,
but nonetheless maintain our qualification as a REIT because certain other
requirements have been met, we may be subject to a $50,000 penalty for each
failure.
Eighth,
if we should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of
(a) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year, (b) 95% of our REIT capital
gain net income for such year, and (c) any undistributed taxable income from
prior periods, we would be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the
excess of such required distribution over the amounts actually
distributed.
Ninth, if
we acquire any asset from a C corporation (i.e., a corporation generally subject
to full corporate level tax) in a transaction in which the basis of the asset in
our hands is determined by reference to the basis of the asset (or any other
property) in the hands of the C corporation and we do not elect to be taxed at
the time of the acquisition, we would be subject to tax at the highest corporate
rate if we dispose of such asset during the ten-year period beginning on the
date that we acquired that asset, to the extent of such property’s “built-in
gain” (the excess of the fair market value of such property at the time of our
acquisition over the adjusted basis of such property at such time) (we refer to
this tax as the “Built-in Gains Tax”).
Tenth, we
will incur a 100% excise tax on transactions with a taxable REIT subsidiary that
are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis.
Finally,
if we own a residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduit, or
“REMIC,” we will be taxable at the highest corporate rate on the portion of any
excess inclusion income that we derive from the REMIC residual interests equal
to the percentage of our shares that is held in record name by
“disqualified
organizations.”
Similar rules apply if we own an equity interest in a taxable mortgage pool. A
“disqualified organization” includes the United States, any state or political
subdivision thereof, any foreign government or international organization, any
agency or instrumentality of any of the foregoing, any rural electrical or
telephone cooperative and any tax-exempt organization (other than a farmer’s
cooperative described in Section 521 of the Code) that is exempt from income
taxation and from the unrelated business taxable income provisions of the Code.
However, to the extent that we own a REMIC residual interest or a taxable
mortgage pool through a taxable REIT subsidiary, we will not be subject to this
tax. See the heading “Requirements for Qualification” below.
Requirements for
Qualification. A REIT is a corporation, trust or association
(1) that is managed by one or more trustees or directors, (2) the beneficial
ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares, or by transferable
certificates of beneficial interest, (3) that would be taxable as a domestic
corporation, but for Sections 856 through 859 of the Code, (4) that is neither a
financial institution nor an insurance company subject to certain provisions of
the Code, (5) that has the calendar year as its taxable year, (6) the beneficial
ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons, (7) during the last half of
each taxable year not more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock of which
is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in
the Code to include certain entities), and (8) that meets certain other tests,
described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets. The Code
provides that conditions (1) through (5), inclusive, must be met during the
entire taxable year and that condition (6) must be met during at least 335 days
of a taxable year of twelve (12) months, or during a proportionate part of a
taxable year of less than twelve (12) months.
We may
redeem, at our option, a sufficient number of shares or restrict the transfer
thereof to bring or maintain the ownership of the shares in conformity with the
requirements of the Code. In addition, our declaration of trust includes
restrictions regarding the transfer of our shares that are intended to assist us
in continuing to satisfy requirements (6) and (7). Moreover, if we comply with
regulatory rules pursuant to which we are required to send annual letters to our
shareholders requesting information regarding the actual ownership of our
shares, and we do not know, or exercising reasonable diligence would not have
known, whether we failed to meet requirement (7) above, we will be treated as
having met the requirement.
The Code
allows a REIT to own wholly-owned subsidiaries which are “qualified REIT
subsidiaries.” The Code provides that a qualified REIT subsidiary is not treated
as a separate corporation, and all of its assets, liabilities and items of
income, deduction and credit are treated as assets, liabilities and items of
income, deduction and credit of the REIT. Thus, in applying the requirements
described herein, our qualified REIT subsidiaries will be ignored, and all
assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of such
subsidiaries will be treated as our assets, liabilities and items of income,
deduction and credit.
For
taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2001, a REIT may also hold any
direct or indirect interest in a corporation that qualifies as a “taxable REIT
subsidiary,” as long as the REIT’s aggregate holdings of taxable REIT subsidiary
securities do not exceed 20% of the value of the REIT’s total assets. A taxable
REIT subsidiary is a fully taxable corporation that generally is permitted to
engage in businesses (other than certain activities relating to lodging and
health care facilities), own assets, and earn income that, if engaged in, owned,
or earned by the REIT, might jeopardize REIT status or result in the imposition
of penalty taxes on the REIT. To qualify as a taxable REIT subsidiary, the
subsidiary and the REIT must make a joint election to treat the subsidiary as a
taxable REIT subsidiary. A taxable REIT subsidiary also includes any corporation
(other than a REIT or a qualified REIT subsidiary) in which a taxable REIT
subsidiary directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the total voting power
or value. See “Asset Tests” below. A taxable REIT subsidiary will pay tax at
regular corporate income rates on any taxable income it earns. Moreover, the
Code contains rules, including rules requiring the imposition of taxes on a REIT
at the rate of 100% on certain reallocated income and expenses, to ensure that
contractual arrangements between a taxable REIT subsidiary and its parent REIT
are at arm’s-length.
In the
case of a REIT which is a partner in a partnership, Treasury Regulations provide
that the REIT will be deemed to own its proportionate share of each of the
assets of the partnership and will be deemed to be entitled to the income of the
partnership attributable to such share. In addition, the character of the assets
and items of gross income of the partnership will retain the same character in
the hands of the REIT for purposes of Section 856 of the Code, including
satisfying the gross income and assets tests (as discussed below). Thus, our
proportionate share of the assets, liabilities, and items of gross income of the
partnerships in which we own an interest are treated as our assets, liabilities
and items of gross income for purposes of applying the requirements described
herein. The
treatment
described above also applies with respect to the ownership of interests in
limited liability companies or other entities that are treated as partnerships
for tax purposes.
A
significant number of our investments are held through partnerships. If any such
partnerships were treated as an association, the entity would be taxable as a
corporation and therefore would be subject to an entity level tax on its income.
In such a situation, the character of our assets and items of gross income would
change and might preclude us from qualifying as a REIT. We believe that each
partnership in which we hold a material interest (either directly or indirectly)
is properly treated as a partnership for tax purposes (and not as an association
taxable as a corporation).
Special
rules apply to a REIT, a portion of a REIT, or a qualified REIT subsidiary that
is a taxable mortgage pool. An entity or portion thereof may be classified as a
taxable mortgage pool under the Code if:
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substantially
all of the assets consist of debt obligations or interests in debt
obligations;
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more
than 50% of those debt obligations are real estate mortgage loans or
interests in real estate mortgage loans as of specified testing
dates;
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the
entity has issued debt obligations that have two or more maturities;
and
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the
payments required to be made by the entity on its debt obligations “bear a
relationship” to the payments to be received by the entity on the debt
obligations that it holds as
assets.
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Under
U.S. Treasury regulations, if less than 80% of the assets of an entity (or the
portion thereof) consist of debt obligations, these debt obligations are
considered not to comprise “substantially all” of its assets, and therefore the
entity would not be treated as a taxable mortgage pool.
An entity
or portion thereof that is classified as a taxable mortgage pool is generally
treated as a taxable corporation for federal income tax purposes. However, the
portion of the REIT’s assets, held directly or through a qualified REIT
subsidiary, that qualifies as a taxable mortgage pool is treated as a qualified
REIT subsidiary that is not subject to corporate income tax and therefore the
taxable mortgage pool classification does not change that treatment. The
classification of a REIT, qualified REIT subsidiary or portion thereof as a
taxable mortgage pool could, however, result in taxation of a REIT and certain
of its shareholders as described below.
Recently
issued IRS guidance indicates that a portion of income from a taxable mortgage
pool arrangement, if any, could be treated as “excess inclusion income.” Excess
inclusion income is an amount, with respect to any calendar quarter, equal to
the excess, if any, of (i) income allocable to the holder of a REMIC residual
interest or taxable mortgage pool interest over (ii) the sum of an amount for
each day in the calendar quarter equal to the product of (a) the adjusted issue
price at the beginning of the quarter multiplied by (b) 120% of the long-term
federal rate (determined on the basis of compounding at the close of each
calendar quarter and properly adjusted for the length of such quarter). Under
the recent guidance, such income would be allocated among our shareholders in
proportion to dividends paid and, generally, may not be offset by net operating
losses of the shareholder, would be taxable to tax exempt shareholders who are
subject to the unrelated business income tax rules of the Code and would subject
non-U.S. shareholders to withholding tax (without exemption or reduction of the
withholding rate). To the extent that excess inclusion income is allocated from
a taxable mortgage pool to any disqualified organizations that hold our shares,
we may be taxable on this income at the highest applicable corporate tax rate
(currently 35%). Because this tax would be imposed on the REIT, all of the
REIT’s shareholders, including shareholders that are not disqualified
organizations, would bear a portion of the tax cost associated with the
classification of any portion of our assets as a taxable mortgage
pool.
If we own
less than 100% of the ownership interests in a subsidiary that is a taxable
mortgage pool, the foregoing rules would not apply. Rather, the subsidiary would
be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes and would
potentially be subject to corporate income tax. In addition, this
characterization would affect our REIT income and asset test calculations and
could adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT.
We have
made and in the future intend to make investments or enter into financing and
securitization transactions that may give rise to our being considered to own an
interest, directly or indirectly, in one or more taxable mortgage
pools.
Prospective holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the
tax consequences of the taxable mortgage pool rules to them in light of their
particular circumstances.
Income
Tests. In order to
maintain qualification as a REIT, we must satisfy annually certain gross income
requirements. First, at least 75% of our gross income (excluding gross income
from prohibited transactions) for each taxable year must be derived directly or
indirectly from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real
property (including “rents from real property,” dividends from other qualifying
REITs and, in certain circumstances, interest) or from certain types of
qualified temporary investments. Second, at least 95% of our gross income
(excluding gross income from prohibited transactions) for each taxable year must
be derived from such real property investments, dividends, interest, gain from
the sale or disposition of stock or securities and certain other specified
sources. For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2005, any income
from a hedging transaction that is clearly and timely identified and hedges
indebtedness incurred or to be incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets
will not constitute gross income, rather than being treated as qualifying or
nonqualifying income, for purposes of the 95% gross income test.
Rents
received by us will qualify as “rents from real property” in satisfying the
gross income requirements for a REIT described above only if several conditions
are met. First, the amount of rent must not be based in whole or in part on the
income or profits of any person. However, an amount received or accrued
generally will not be excluded from the term “rents from real property” solely
by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or
sales. Second, the Code provides that rents received from a tenant will not
qualify as “rents from real property” in satisfying the gross income tests if
we, or an owner of 10% or more of our shares, actually or constructively own 10%
or more of such tenant. Third, if rent attributable to personal property, leased
in connection with a lease of real property, is greater than 15% of the total
rent received under the lease, then the portion of rent attributable to such
personal property (based on the ratio of fair market value of personal and real
property) will not qualify as “rents from real property.” Finally, in order for
rents received to qualify as “rents from real property,” we generally must not
operate or manage the property (subject to a de minimis exception as described
below) or furnish or render services to the tenants of such property, other than
through an independent contractor from whom we derive no revenue or through a
taxable REIT subsidiary. We may, however, directly perform certain services that
are “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of space for
occupancy only and are not otherwise considered “rendered to the occupant” of
the property (“Permissible Services”).
For our
taxable years commencing on or after January 1, 1998, rents received generally
will qualify as rents from real property notwithstanding the fact that we
provide services that are not Permissible Services so long as the amount
received for such services meets a de minimis standard. The amount received for
“impermissible services” with respect to a property (or, if services are
available only to certain tenants, possibly with respect to such tenants) cannot
exceed one percent of all amounts received, directly or indirectly, by us with
respect to such property (or, if services are available only to certain tenants,
possibly with respect to such tenants). The amount that we will be deemed to
have received for performing “impermissible services” will be the greater of the
actual amounts so received or 150% of the direct cost to us of providing those
services.
We
believe that substantially all of our rental income will be qualifying income
under the gross income tests, and that our provision of services will not cause
the rental income to fail to be qualifying income under those
tests.
If we
fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable
year, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for such year if such failure was
due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and we file a schedule
describing each item of our gross income for such taxable year in accordance
with Treasury Regulations (and for taxable years beginning on or
before October 22, 2004, any incorrect information on the schedule was not due
to fraud with intent to evade tax). It is not possible, however, to state
whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of this relief
provision. Even if this relief provision applied, a 100% penalty tax would be
imposed on the amount by which we failed the 75% gross income test or the amount
by which 95% (90% for taxable years ending on or prior to December 31, 2004) of
our gross income exceeds the amount of income qualifying under the 95% gross
income test (whichever amount is greater), multiplied by a fraction intended to
reflect our profitability.
Subject
to certain safe harbor exceptions, any gain realized by us on the sale of any
property held as inventory or other property held primarily for sale to
customers in the ordinary course of business will be treated as income from a
prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% penalty tax. Such prohibited
transaction income may also have an
adverse
effect upon our ability to qualify as a REIT. Under existing law, whether
property is held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary
course of a trade or business is a question of fact that depends on all the
facts and circumstances with respect to the particular transaction.
Asset Tests.
At the close of each quarter of our taxable year, we must also satisfy
the following tests relating to the nature of our assets. At least 75% of the
value of our total assets, including our allocable share of assets held by
partnerships in which we own an interest, must be represented by real estate
assets, stock or debt instruments held for not more than one year purchased with
the proceeds of an offering of equity securities or a long-term (at least five
years) debt offering by us, cash, cash items (including certain receivables) and
government securities. In addition, not more than 25% of our total assets may be
represented by securities other than those in the 75% asset class. Not more than
20% of the value of our total assets may be represented by securities of one or
more taxable REIT subsidiaries (as defined above under “Requirements for
Qualification”). Except for investments included in the 75% asset class,
securities in a taxable REIT subsidiary or qualified REIT subsidiary and certain
partnership interests and debt obligations, (1) not more than 5% of the value of
our total assets may be represented by securities of any one issuer (the “5%
asset test”), (2) we may not hold securities that possess more than 10% of the
total voting power of the outstanding securities of a single issuer (the “10%
voting securities test”) and (3) we may not hold securities that have a value of
more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer
(the “10% value test”).
The
following assets are not treated as “securities” held by us for purposes of the
10% value test (i) “straight debt” meeting certain requirements, unless we hold
(either directly or through our “controlled” taxable REIT subsidiaries) certain
other securities of the same corporate or partnership issuer that have an
aggregate value greater than 1% of such issuer’s outstanding securities; (ii)
loans to individuals or estates; (iii) certain rental agreements calling for
deferred rents or increasing rents that are subject to Section 467 of the Code,
other than with certain related persons; (iv) obligations to pay us amounts
qualifying as “rents from real property” under the 75% and 95% gross income
tests; (v) securities issued by a state or any political subdivision of a state,
the District of Columbia, a foreign government, any political subdivision of a
foreign government, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, but only if the
determination of any payment received or accrued under the security does not
depend in whole or in part on the profits of any person not described in this
category, or payments on any obligation issued by such an entity; (vi)
securities issued by another qualifying REIT; and (vii) other arrangements
identified in Treasury regulations (which have not yet been issued or proposed).
In addition, any debt instrument issued by a partnership will not be treated as
a “security” under the 10% value test if at least 75% of the partnership’s gross
income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions) is derived from
sources meeting the requirements of the 75% gross income test. If the
partnership fails to meet the 75% gross income test, then the debt instrument
issued by the partnership nevertheless will not be treated as a “security” to
the extent of our interest as a partner in the partnership. Also, in looking
through any partnership to determine our allocable share of any securities owned
by the partnership, our share of the assets of the partnership, solely for
purposes of applying the 10% value test in taxable years beginning on or after
January 1, 2005, will correspond not only to our interest as a partner in the
partnership but also to our proportionate interest in certain debt securities
issued by the partnership.
We
believe that substantially all of our assets consist of (1) real properties, (2)
stock or debt investments that earn qualified temporary investment income, (3)
other qualified real estate assets, and (4) cash, cash items and government
securities. We also believe that the value of our securities in our taxable REIT
subsidiaries will not exceed 20% of the value of our total assets. We may also
invest in securities of other entities, provided that such investments will not
prevent us from satisfying the asset and income tests for REIT qualification set
forth above.
After
initially meeting the asset tests at the close of any quarter, we will not lose
our status as a REIT for failure to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a
later quarter solely by reason of changes in asset values. If we inadvertently
fail one or more of the asset tests at the end of a calendar quarter because we
acquire securities or other property during the quarter, we can cure this
failure by disposing of sufficient nonqualifying assets within 30 days after the
close of the calendar quarter in which it arose. If we were to fail any of the
asset tests at the end of any quarter without curing such failure within 30 days
after the end of such quarter, we would fail to qualify as a REIT, unless we
were to qualify under certain relief provisions enacted in 2004. Under one of
these relief provisions, if we were to fail the 5% asset test, the 10% voting
securities test, or the 10% value test, we nevertheless would continue to
qualify as a REIT if the failure was due to the ownership of assets having a
total value not exceeding the lesser of 1% of our assets at the end of the
relevant quarter or $10,000,000, and we were to dispose of such assets (or
otherwise meet
such
asset tests) within six months after the end of the quarter in which the failure
was identified. If we were to fail to meet any of the REIT asset tests for a
particular quarter, but we did not qualify for the relief for de minimis
failures that is described in the preceding sentence, then we would be deemed to
have satisfied the relevant asset test if: (i) following our identification of
the failure, we were to file a schedule with a description of each asset that
caused the failure; (ii) the failure was due to reasonable cause and not due to
willful neglect; (iii) we were to dispose of the non-qualifying asset (or
otherwise meet the relevant asset test) within six months after the last day of
the quarter in which the failure was identified, and (iv) we were to pay a
penalty tax equal to the greater of $50,000, or the highest corporate tax rate
multiplied by the net income generated by the non-qualifying asset during the
period beginning on the first date of the failure and ending on the date we
dispose of the asset (or otherwise cure the asset test failure). These relief
provisions will be available to us in our taxable years beginning on or after
January 1, 2005, although it is not possible to predict whether in all
circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of these relief
provisions.
Annual
Distribution Requirement. With respect to each taxable year, we must
distribute to our shareholders as dividends (other than capital gain dividends)
at least 90% of our taxable income. Specifically, we must distribute an amount
equal to (1) 90% of the sum of our “REIT taxable income” (determined without
regard to the deduction for dividends paid and by excluding any net capital
gain), and any after-tax net income from foreclosure property, minus (2) the sum
of certain items of “excess noncash income” such as income attributable to
leveled stepped rents, cancellation of indebtedness and original issue discount.
REIT taxable income is generally computed in the same manner as taxable income
of ordinary corporations, with several adjustments, such as a deduction allowed
for dividends paid, but not for dividends received.
We will
be subject to tax on amounts not distributed at regular United States federal
corporate income tax rates. In addition, a nondeductible 4% excise tax is
imposed on the excess of (1) 85% of our ordinary income for the year plus 95% of
capital gain net income for the year and the undistributed portion of the
required distribution for the prior year over (2) the actual distribution to
shareholders during the year (if any). Net operating losses generated by us may
be carried forward but not carried back and used by us for 15 years (or 20 years
in the case of net operating losses generated in our tax years commencing on or
after January 1, 1998) to reduce REIT taxable income and the amount that we will
be required to distribute in order to remain qualified as a REIT. As a REIT, our
net capital losses may be carried forward for five years (but not carried back)
and used to reduce capital gains.
In
general, a distribution must be made during the taxable year to which it relates
to satisfy the distribution test and to be deducted in computing REIT taxable
income. However, we may elect to treat a dividend declared and paid after the
end of the year (a “subsequent declared dividend”) as paid during such year for
purposes of complying with the distribution test and computing REIT taxable
income, if the dividend is (1) declared before the regular or extended due date
of our tax return for such year and (2) paid not later than the date of the
first regular dividend payment made after the declaration, but in no case later
than 12 months after the end of the year. For purposes of computing the
nondeductible 4% excise tax, a subsequent declared dividend is considered paid
when actually distributed. Furthermore, any dividend that is declared by us in
October, November or December of a calendar year, and payable to shareholders of
record as of a specified date in such quarter of such year will be deemed to
have been paid by us (and received by shareholders) on December 31 of such
calendar year, but only if such dividend is actually paid by us in January of
the following calendar year.
For
purposes of complying with the distribution test for a taxable year as a result
of an adjustment in certain of our items of income, gain or deduction by the IRS
or us, we may be permitted to remedy such failure by paying a “deficiency
dividend” in a later year together with interest. Such deficiency dividend may
be included in our deduction of dividends paid for the earlier year for purposes
of satisfying the distribution test. For purposes of the nondeductible 4% excise
tax, the deficiency dividend is taken into account when paid, and any income
giving rise to the deficiency adjustment is treated as arising when the
deficiency dividend is paid.
We
believe that we have distributed and intend to continue to distribute to our
shareholders in a timely manner such amounts sufficient to satisfy the annual
distribution requirements. However, it is possible that timing differences
between the accrual of income and its actual collection, and the need to make
nondeductible expenditures (such as capital improvements or principal payments
on debt) may cause us to recognize taxable income in excess of our net cash
receipts, thus increasing the difficulty of compliance with the distribution
requirement. In addition, excess inclusion income might be non-cash accrued
income, or “phantom” taxable income, which could therefore
adversely
affect
our ability to satisfy our distribution requirements. In order to meet the
distribution requirement, we might find it necessary to arrange for short-term,
or possibly long-term, borrowings.
Failure to
Qualify. Commencing with our taxable year beginning January 1, 2005, if
we were to fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification,
other than an asset or income test violation of a type for which relief is
otherwise available as described above, we would retain our REIT qualification
if the failure was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, and if we
were to pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. It is not possible to
predict whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of this
relief provision. If we fail to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year, and if
certain relief provisions of the Code do not apply, we would be subject to
federal income tax (including applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable
income at regular corporate rates. Distributions to shareholders in any year in
which we fail to qualify will not be deductible from our taxable income nor will
they be required to be made. As a result, our failure to qualify as a REIT would
reduce the cash available for distribution by us to our shareholders. In
addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, all distributions to shareholders
will be taxable as ordinary income, to the extent of our current and accumulated
earnings and profits. Subject to certain limitations of the Code, corporate
distributees may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction and
shareholders taxed as individuals may be eligible for a reduced tax rate on
“qualified dividend income” from regular C corporations.
If our
failure to qualify as a REIT is not due to reasonable cause but results from
willful neglect, we would not be permitted to elect REIT status for the four
taxable years after the taxable year for which such disqualification is
effective. In the event we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in one year and
subsequently requalify in a later year, we may elect to recognize taxable income
based on the net appreciation in value of our assets as a condition to
requalification. In the alternative, we may be taxed on the net appreciation in
value of our assets if we sell properties within ten years of the date we
requalify as a REIT under federal income tax laws.
Taxation
of Shareholders
As used
herein, the term “U.S. shareholder” means a beneficial owner of our Common
Shares who (for United States federal income tax purposes) (1) is a citizen or
resident of the United States, (2) is a corporation or other entity treated as a
corporation for federal income tax purposes created or organized in or under the
laws of the United States or of any political subdivision thereof, (3) is an
estate the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation
regardless of its source or (4) is a trust whose administration is subject to
the primary supervision of a United States court and which has one or more
United States persons who have the authority to control all substantial
decisions of the trust or a trust that has a valid election to be treated as a
U.S. person pursuant to applicable Treasury Regulations. As used herein, the
term “non U.S. shareholder” means a beneficial owner of our Common Shares who is
not a U.S. shareholder or a partnership.
If a
partnership (including any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal
income tax purposes) is a shareholder, the tax treatment of a partner in the
partnership generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the
activities of the partnership. A shareholder that is a partnership and the
partners in such partnership should consult their own tax advisors concerning
the U.S. federal income tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of
our shares.
Taxation of Taxable U.S.
Shareholders
As long
as we qualify as a REIT, distributions made to our U.S. shareholders out of
current or accumulated earnings and profits (and not designated as capital gain
dividends) will be taken into account by them as ordinary income and corporate
shareholders will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction as to
such amounts. For purposes of computing our earnings and profits, depreciation
for depreciable real estate will be computed on a straight-line basis over a
40-year period. For purposes of determining whether distributions on the shares
constitute dividends for tax purposes, our earnings and profits will be
allocated first to distributions with respect to the Series B Preferred Shares,
Series C Preferred Shares, Series D Preferred Shares and all other series of
preferred shares that are equal in rank as to distributions and upon liquidation
with the Series B Preferred Shares, Series C Preferred Shares and Series D
Preferred Shares, and second to distributions with respect to our Common Shares.
There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient earnings and profits to
cover distributions on any Common Shares. Certain “qualified dividend income”
received by domestic non-corporate shareholders in taxable years prior to 2010
is subject to tax at the same tax rates as long-term capital gain. Dividends
paid by a REIT generally do not qualify as “qualified dividend income” because a
REIT is not generally subject to federal income tax on the portion of its REIT
taxable
income
distributed to its shareholders, and therefore, will continue to be subject to
tax at ordinary income rates, subject to two narrow exceptions. Under the first
exception, dividends received from a REIT may be treated as “qualified dividend
income” eligible for the reduced tax rates to the extent that the REIT itself
has received qualified dividend income from other corporations (such as taxable
REIT subsidiaries) in which the REIT has invested. Under the second exception,
dividends paid by a REIT in a taxable year may be treated as qualified dividend
income in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the excess of the REIT’s “REIT
taxable income” for the preceding taxable year over the corporate-level federal
income tax payable by the REIT for such preceding taxable year and (ii) the
excess of the REIT’s income that was subject to the Built-in Gains Tax (as
described above) in the preceding taxable year over the tax payable by the REIT
on such income for such preceding taxable year. We do not expect to distribute a
material amount of qualified dividend income, if any.
Distributions
that are properly designated as capital gain dividends will be taxed as gains
from the sale or exchange of a capital asset held for more than one year (to the
extent they do not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year)
without regard to the period for which the shareholder has held its shares.
However, corporate shareholders may be required to treat up to 20% of certain
capital gain dividends as ordinary income under the Code. Capital gain
dividends, if any, will be allocated among different classes of shares in
proportion to the allocation of earnings and profits discussed
above.
Distributions
in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will constitute a
non-taxable return of capital to a shareholder to the extent that such
distributions do not exceed the adjusted basis of the shareholder’s shares, and
will result in a corresponding reduction in the shareholder’s basis in the
shares. Any reduction in a shareholder’s tax basis for its shares will increase
the amount of taxable gain or decrease the deductible loss that will be realized
upon the eventual disposition of the shares. We will notify shareholders at the
end of each year as to the portions of the distributions which constitute
ordinary income, capital gain or a return of capital. Any portion of such
distributions that exceeds the adjusted basis of a U.S. shareholder’s shares
will be taxed as capital gain from the disposition of shares, provided that the
shares are held as capital assets in the hands of the U.S.
shareholder.
Aside
from the different income tax rates applicable to ordinary income and capital
gain dividends for noncorporate taxpayers, regular and capital gain dividends
from us will be treated as dividend income for most other federal income tax
purposes. In particular, such dividends will be treated as “portfolio” income
for purposes of the passive activity loss limitation and shareholders generally
will not be able to offset any “passive losses” against such dividends. Capital
gain dividends and qualified dividend income may be treated as investment income
for purposes of the investment interest limitation contained in Section 163(d)
of the Code, which limits the deductibility of interest expense incurred by
noncorporate taxpayers with respect to indebtedness attributable to certain
investment assets.
In
general, dividends paid by us will be taxable to shareholders in the year in
which they are received, except in the case of dividends declared at the end of
the year, but paid in the following January, as discussed above.
In
general, a U.S. shareholder will realize capital gain or loss on the disposition
of shares equal to the difference between (1) the amount of cash and the fair
market value of any property received on such disposition and (2) the
shareholder’s adjusted basis of such shares. Such gain or loss will generally be
short-term capital gain or loss if the shareholder has not held such shares for
more than one year and will be long-term capital gain or loss if such shares
have been held for more than one year. Loss upon the sale or exchange of shares
by a shareholder who has held such shares for six months or less (after applying
certain holding period rules) will be treated as long-term capital loss to the
extent of distributions from us required to be treated by such shareholder as
long-term capital gain.
We may
elect to retain and pay income tax on net long-term capital gains. If we make
such an election, you, as a holder of shares, will (1) include in your income as
long-term capital gains your proportionate share of such undistributed capital
gains (2) be deemed to have paid your proportionate share of the tax paid by us
on such undistributed capital gains and thereby receive a credit or refund for
such amount and (3) in the case of a U.S. shareholder that is a corporation,
appropriately adjust its earnings and profits for the retained capital gains in
accordance with Treasury Regulations to be promulgated by the IRS. As a holder
of shares you will increase the basis in your shares by the difference between
the amount of capital gain included in your income and the amount of tax you are
deemed to have paid. Our earnings and profits will be adjusted
appropriately.
Taxation
of Non-U.S. Shareholders
The
following discussion is only a summary of the rules governing United States
federal income taxation of non-U.S. shareholders such as nonresident alien
individuals and foreign corporations. Prospective non-U.S. shareholders should
consult with their own tax advisors to determine the impact of federal, state
and local income tax laws with regard to an investment in shares, including any
reporting requirements.
Distributions
that are not attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of United States
real property interests and not designated by us as capital gain dividends will
be treated as dividends of ordinary income to the extent that they are made out
of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Such distributions
ordinarily will be subject to a withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount
of the distribution unless an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates that
tax. Certain tax treaties limit the extent to which dividends paid by a REIT can
qualify for a reduction of the withholding tax on dividends. Our dividends that
are attributable to excess inclusion income will be subject to 30% U.S.
withholding tax without reduction under any otherwise applicable tax treaty. See
“—Taxation of the Company—Requirements for Qualification” above. Distributions
in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be
taxable to a non-U.S. shareholder to the extent that they do not exceed the
adjusted basis of the shareholder’s shares, but rather will reduce the adjusted
basis of such shares. To the extent that such distributions exceed the adjusted
basis of a non-U.S. shareholder’s shares, they will give rise to tax liability
if the non-U.S. shareholder would otherwise be subject to tax on any gain from
the sale or disposition of his shares, as described below.
For
withholding tax purposes, we are generally required to treat all distributions
as if made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits and thus
intend to withhold at the rate of 30% (or a reduced treaty rate if applicable)
on the amount of any distribution (other than distributions designated as
capital gain dividends) made to a non-U.S. shareholder. We would not be required
to withhold at the 30% rate on distributions we reasonably estimate to be in
excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. If it cannot be
determined at the time a distribution is made whether such distribution will be
in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distribution will
be subject to withholding at the rate applicable to ordinary dividends. However,
the non-U.S. shareholder may seek a refund of such amounts from the IRS if it is
subsequently determined that such distribution was, in fact, in excess of our
current or accumulated earnings and profits, and the amount withheld exceeded
the non-U.S. shareholder’s United States tax liability, if any, with respect to
the distribution.
For any
year in which we qualify as a REIT, distributions to non-U.S. shareholders who
own more than 5% of our shares and that are attributable to gain from sales or
exchanges by us of United States real property interests will be taxed under the
provisions of the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980
(“FIRPTA”). Under FIRPTA, a non-U.S. shareholder is taxed as if such gain were
effectively connected with a United States business. Non-U.S. shareholders who
own more than 5% of our shares would thus be taxed at the normal capital gain
rates applicable to U.S. shareholders (subject to applicable alternative minimum
tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of non-resident alien
individuals). Also, distributions made to non-U.S. shareholders who own more
than 5% of our shares may be subject to a 30% branch profits tax in the hands of
a corporate non-U.S. shareholder not entitled to treaty relief or exemption. We
are required by applicable regulations to withhold 35% of any distribution that
could be designated by us as a capital gain dividend regardless of the amount
actually designated as a capital gain dividend. This amount is creditable
against the non-U.S. shareholder’s FIRPTA tax liability.
Under the
Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005 (“TIPRA”), enacted on May
17, 2006, distributions, made to REIT or regulated investment company (“RIC”)
shareholders, that are attributable to gain from sales or exchanges of U.S. real
property interests will retain their character as gain subject to the rules of
FIRPTA discussed above when distributed by such REIT or RIC shareholders to
their respective shareholders. This provision is effective for taxable years
beginning after December 31, 2005. If a non-U.S. shareholder does not own more
than 5% of our shares during the one-year period prior to a distribution
attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of U.S. real property
interests, such distribution will not be considered to be gain effectively
connected with a U.S. business as long as the class of shares continues to be
regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States. As
such, a non-U.S. shareholder who does not own more than 5% of our shares would
not be required to file a U.S. Federal income tax return by reason of receiving
such a distribution. In this case, the distribution will be treated as a REIT
dividend to that non-U.S. shareholder and taxed as a REIT dividend that is not a
capital gain distribution as described above. In addition, the branch profits
tax will not apply to such distributions. If our Common Shares cease to be
regularly traded on an established securities market in the
United
States, all non-U.S. shareholders of our Common Shares would be subject to
taxation under FIRPTA with respect to capital gain distributions attributable to
gain from the sale or exchange of U.S. real properties interests.
Gain
recognized by a non-U.S. shareholder upon a sale or disposition of shares
generally will not be taxed under FIRPTA if we are a “domestically controlled
REIT,” defined generally as a REIT in which at all times during a specified
testing period less than 50% in value of the shares was held directly or
indirectly by non-U.S. persons. We believe, but cannot guarantee, that we have
been a “domestically controlled REIT.” However, because our shares are publicly
traded, no assurance can be given that we will continue to be a “domestically
controlled REIT.”
Notwithstanding
the general FIRPTA exception for sales of domestically controlled REIT stock
discussed above, a disposition of domestically controlled stock will be taxable
if the disposition occurs in a wash sale transaction relating to a distribution
on such stock. In addition, FIRPTA taxation will apply to substitute dividend
payments received in securities lending transactions or sale-repurchase
transactions of domestically controlled REIT stock to the extent such payments
are made to shareholders in lieu of distributions that would have otherwise been
subject to FIRPTA taxation. The foregoing rules will not apply to stock that is
regularly traded on an established securities market within the United States
and held by a non-U.S. shareholder that held five percent or less of such stock
during the one-year period prior to the related distribution. These rules are
effective for distributions on and after June 16, 2006. Prospective purchasers
are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the applicability of the
new rules enacted under TIPRA to their particular circumstances.
In
addition, a non-U.S. shareholder that owns, actually or constructively, 5% or
less of a class of our shares through a specified testing period, whether or not
our shares are domestically controlled, will not recognize taxable gain on the
sale of its shares under FIRPTA if the shares are regularly traded on an
established securities market in the United States. If the gain on the sale of
shares were to be subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the non-U.S. shareholder
would be subject to the same treatment as U.S. shareholders with respect to such
gain (subject to applicable alternative minimum tax, special alternative minimum
tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals and possible application of the
30% branch profits tax in the case of foreign corporations) and the purchaser
would be required to withhold and remit to the IRS 10% of the purchase
price.
Gain not
subject to FIRPTA will be taxable to a non-U.S. shareholder if (1) investment in
the shares is effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s U.S. trade
or business, in which case the non-U.S. shareholder will be subject to the same
treatment as U.S. shareholders with respect to such gain, or (2) the non-U.S.
shareholder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United
States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and such nonresident alien
individual has a “tax home” in the United States, in which case the nonresident
alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual’s capital
gain.
Taxation
of Tax-Exempt Shareholders
Tax-exempt
entities, including qualified employee pension and profit sharing trusts and
individual retirement accounts (“Exempt Organizations”), generally are exempt
from federal income taxation. However, they are subject to taxation on their
unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”). While investments in real estate may
generate UBTI, the IRS has issued a published ruling to the effect that dividend
distributions by a REIT to an exempt employee pension trust do not constitute
UBTI, provided that the shares of the REIT are not otherwise used in an
unrelated trade or business of the exempt employee pension trust. Based on that
ruling, amounts distributed by us to Exempt Organizations generally should not
constitute UBTI. However, if an Exempt Organization finances its acquisition of
our shares with debt, a portion of its income from us, if any, will constitute
UBTI pursuant to the “debt-financed property” rules under the Code. In addition,
our dividends that are attributable to excess inclusion income will constitute
UBTI for most Exempt Organizations. See “—Taxation of the Company—Requirements
for Qualification” above. Furthermore, social clubs, voluntary employee benefit
associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, and qualified group
legal services plans that are exempt from taxation under specified provisions of
the Code are subject to different UBTI rules, which generally will require them
to characterize distributions from us as UBTI.
In
addition, a pension trust that owns more than 10% of our shares is required to
treat a percentage of the dividends from us as UBTI (the “UBTI Percentage”) in
certain circumstances. The UBTI Percentage is our gross income derived from an
unrelated trade or business (determined as if we were a pension trust) divided
by our total gross income for the year in which the dividends are paid. The UBTI
rule applies only if (i) the UBTI Percentage is at
least 5%,
(ii) we qualify as a REIT by reason of the modification of the 5/50 Rule that
allows the beneficiaries of the pension trust to be treated as holding our
shares in proportion to their actuarial interests in the pension trust, and
(iii) either (A) one pension trust owns more than 25% of the value of our shares
or (B) a group of pension trusts individually holding more than 10% of the value
of our capital shares collectively owns more than 50% of the value of our
capital shares.
Information
Reporting and Backup Withholding
U.S.
Shareholders.
We will
report to U.S. shareholders and the IRS the amount of dividends paid during each
calendar year, and the amount of tax withheld, if any, with respect thereto.
Under the backup withholding rules, a U.S. shareholder may be subject to backup
withholding, currently at a rate of 28%, with respect to dividends paid unless
such holder (a) is a corporation or comes within certain other exempt categories
and, when required, demonstrates this fact, or (b) provides a taxpayer
identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup
withholding and otherwise complies with the applicable requirements of the
backup withholding rules. A U.S. shareholder who does not provide us with its
correct taxpayer identification number also may be subject to penalties imposed
by the IRS. Amounts withheld as backup withholding will be creditable against
the shareholder’s income tax liability if proper documentation is supplied. In
addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions
made to any shareholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status to
us.
Non-U.S.
Shareholders.
Generally,
we must report annually to the IRS the amount of dividends paid to a non-U.S.
shareholder, such holder’s name and address, and the amount of tax withheld, if
any. A similar report is sent to the non-U.S. shareholder. Pursuant to tax
treaties or other agreements, the IRS may make its reports available to tax
authorities in the non-U.S. shareholder’s country of residence. Payments of
dividends or of proceeds from the disposition of stock made to a non-U.S.
shareholder may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding
unless such holder establishes an exemption, for example, by properly certifying
its non-United States status on an IRS Form W-8BEN or another appropriate
version of IRS Form W-8. Notwithstanding the foregoing, backup withholding and
information reporting may apply if either we have or our paying agent has actual
knowledge, or reason to know, that a non-U.S. shareholder is a United States
person.
Backup
withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the United States income tax
liability of persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount
of tax withheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund or
credit may be obtained, provided that the required information is furnished to
the IRS.
PLAN
OF DISTRIBUTION
Issuance
of Common Shares upon Redemption of LCIF Units:
If, and
to the extent that, holders of LCIF units redeem their units and require us to
assume the redemption obligations of LCIF and pay for the redemption with our
Common Shares, we may issue up to 75,733 shares of our Common Shares in exchange
for the redemption of an equal number of LCIF units. Our Common Shares will be
issued in exchange for LCIF units upon the redemption of the units by their
holders on a one-share-for-one-unit basis (subject to certain anti-dilution
adjustments).
Under the
terms of the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of
LCIF, as amended and supplemented, which we refer to as the LCIF partnership
agreement, each holder of 9,368 LCIF units issued on August 1, 1995 and
outstanding as of May 15, 2008 has the right to redeem its LCIF units on a
one-for-one basis for our Common Shares, on May 1, 2006 and on each May 1st
thereafter. Under the LCIF partnership agreement, each holder of the
66,365 LCIF units issued on October 24, 2004 and outstanding as of May 15,
2008 has the right to redeem its LCIF units on a one-for-one basis for our
Common Shares, on May 1st, 2006, and on each August 1st, November 1st, February
1st and May 1st thereafter.
These
rights may be exercised at the election of that holder by giving written notice,
subject to some limitations. The redemption of LCIF units are subject
to adjustments based on stock splits, below market issuances of Common Shares
pursuant to rights, options or warrants to all holders of Common Shares and
dividends of Common Shares.
No holder
of the LCIF units may exercise its redemption rights if we could not issue our
Common Shares to the redeeming partner in satisfaction of the redemption
(regardless of whether we would in fact do so instead of paying cash) because of
the ownership limitations contained in our declaration of trust and by-laws, or
if the redemption would cause us to violate the REIT requirements. The relevant
provisions of our declaration of trust, subject to certain exceptions, provide
that no holder may own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the attribution
provisions of the Code, more than 9.8% of our equity shares, defined as Common
Shares or preferred shares. Relevant provisions of our declaration of trust
further prohibit any person from beneficially or constructively owning our
Common Shares that would result in us being “closely held” under Section 856(h)
of the Code or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT. In addition, no
holder of LCIF units may exercise the redemption right:
|
·
|
for
fewer than 1,000 LCIF units, or if the holder holds fewer than 1,000 LCIF
units, all of such units held by the
holder;
|
|
·
|
unless
permitted by us, more than once each fiscal quarter;
or
|
|
·
|
if
we determine that allowing such redemption may cause LCIF to be treated as
a publicly traded partnership.
|
EXPERTS
The
consolidated financial statements and related financial statement schedule of
Lexington Realty Trust and subsidiaries included in our Annual Report on Form
10-K as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and for each of the years in the
three-year period ended December 31, 2007, and Management’s
Annual Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting as of December 31,
2007, have been incorporated by reference herein and in the Registration
Statement in reliance upon the reports of KPMG LLP, independent registered
public accounting firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority
of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
LEGAL
MATTERS
Certain
legal matters, including tax matters, will be passed upon by Paul, Hastings,
Janofsky & Walker LLP, New York, New York, our counsel. Certain legal
matters relating to Maryland law, including the validity of our Common Shares,
will be passed upon by Venable LLP, our counsel with respect to Maryland
law.
WHERE
YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file
annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information
with the Commission. Our filings with the Commission are available to the public
on the Internet at the Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov. You may also
read and copy any document that we file with the Commission at its Public
Reference Room, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the
Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the Public Reference
Room and its copy charges.
The
information incorporated by reference herein is an important part of this
prospectus. Any statement contained in a document which is incorporated by
reference in this prospectus is automatically updated and superseded if
information contained in this prospectus, or information that we later file with
the Commission prior to the termination of this offering, modifies or replaces
this information. The following documents filed with the Commission are
incorporated by reference into this prospectus, except for any document or
portion thereof “furnished” to the Commission:
|
·
|
our
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed
with the Commission on February 29,
2008;
|
|
·
|
our
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31,
2008, filed with the Commission on May 9,
2008;
|
|
·
|
our
Current Reports on Form 8-K filed on January 7, 2008, January 11, 2008
(two separate filings), February 21, 2008, March 24, 2008 (except for the
information furnished pursuant to Item 7.01), March 28, 2008, April 18,
2008 and May 1, 2008;
|
|
·
|
our
definitive proxy statement filed April 13, 2007;
and
|
|
·
|
all
documents we file with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c),
14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
“Exchange Act”), after the date of this prospectus and prior to the
termination of this offering.
|
To
receive a free copy of any of the documents incorporated by reference in this
prospectus (other than exhibits, unless they are specifically incorporated by
reference in the documents), write us at the following address or call us at the
telephone number listed below:
Lexington
Realty Trust
One Penn
Plaza
Suite
4015
Attention:
Investor Relations
New York,
New York 10119-4015
(212)
692-7200
We also
maintain a website at http://www.lxp.com through
which you can obtain copies of documents that we filed with the Commission. The
contents of that website are not incorporated by reference in or otherwise a
part of this prospectus.
PART
II
INFORMATION
NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item
14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The
following table sets forth the estimated expenses in connection with the
registration and sale of the shares registered hereby, all of which will be paid
by the Company, except as noted in the prospectus:
Commission
registration fee
|
$
43
|
New
York Stock Exchange listing fee |
2,500
|
Legal
fees and expenses
|
25,000
|
Accounting
fees and expenses
|
10,000
|
Miscellaneous
expenses
|
10,000
|
|
|
Total
|
$
47,543
|
Item
15. Indemnification of Trustees and Officers.
Section
2-418 of the Maryland General Corporation Law generally permits indemnification
of any trustee or officer made a party to any proceedings by reason of service
as a trustee or officer unless it is established that (i) the act or omission of
such person was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was
committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; or
(ii) such person actually received an improper personal benefit in money,
property or services; or (iii) in the case of any criminal proceeding, such
person had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.
The indemnity may include judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and
reasonable expenses actually incurred by the trustee or officer in connection
with the proceeding; but, if the proceeding is one by or in the right of the
company, indemnification is not permitted with respect to any proceeding in
which the trustee or officer has been adjudged to be liable to the company, or
if the proceeding is one charging improper personal benefit to the trustee or
officer, whether or not involving action in the trustee’s or officer’s official
capacity, indemnification of the trustee or officer is not permitted if the
trustee or officer was adjudged to be liable on the basis that personal benefit
was improperly received. The termination of any proceeding by conviction or upon
a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, or any entry of an order of
probation prior to judgment, creates a rebuttable presumption that the trustee
or officer did not meet the requisite standard of conduct required for permitted
indemnification. The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order or
settlement, however, does not create a presumption that the trustee or officer
failed to meet the requisite standard of conduct for permitted
indemnification.
The
Company’s trustees and officers are and will be indemnified against certain
liabilities under Maryland law, and under the Company’s declaration of trust.
The Company’s declaration of trust requires the Company to indemnify its
trustees and officers to the fullest extent permitted from time to time by the
laws of Maryland. The Company’s declaration of trust also provides that, to the
fullest extent permitted under Maryland law, the Company’s trustees and officers
will not be liable to the Company or its shareholders for money
damages.
The
foregoing reference is necessarily subject to the complete text of the Company’s
declaration of trust and the statute referred to above and is qualified in its
entirety by reference thereto.
The
Company has also entered into indemnification agreements with certain officers
and trustees for the purpose of indemnifying such persons from certain claims
and actions in their capacities as such.
Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be
permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the registrant pursuant
to the foregoing provisions, the registrant has been informed that in the
opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Item
16. Exhibits.
3.1
|
Amended
and Restated Declaration of Trust of the Company (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed
January 8, 2007)*
|
3.2
|
Amended
and Restated By-Laws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 8,
2007)*
|
3.3
|
Fifth
Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Lepercq Corporate
Income Fund L.P., dated as of December 31, 1996, as supplemented
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Registration
Statement of Form 3/A filed September 10,
1999)*
|
3.4
|
Amendment
No. 1 to the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership
of Lepercq Corporate Income Fund L.P. dated as of December 31, 2000
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.11 to the Company’s Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 (the “2003
10-K”))*
|
3.5
|
First
Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited
Partnership of Lepercq Corporate Income Fund L.P. effective as of June 19,
2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.12 to the 2003
10-K)*
|
3.6
|
Second
Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited
Partnership of Lepercq Corporate Income Fund L.P. effective as of June 30,
2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.13 to the 2003
10-K)*
|
3.7
|
Third
Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited
Partnership of Lepercq Corporate Income Fund L.P. effective as of December
31, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.10 to the Company’s
Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed January 27,
2006)*
|
3.8
|
Fourth
Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited
Partnership of Lepercq Corporate Income Fund L.P. effective as of December
8, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s
Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 14,
2004)*
|
3.8
|
Fifth
Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited
Partnership of Lepercq Corporate Income Fund L.P. effective as of December
8, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the to the Company’s
Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 14,
2004)*
|
3.9
|
Sixth
Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited
Partnership of Lepercq Corporate Income Fund L.P. effective as of January
3, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the to the Company’s
Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 3,
2005)*
|
3.10
|
Seventh
Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited
Partnership of Lepercq Corporate Income Fund L.P. effective as of November
2, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the to the Company’s
Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 3,
2005)*
|
4.1
|
Specimen
of Common Shares Certificate of the Company (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.2 to the 1997 10-K)*
|
5.1
|
Opinion
of Venable LLP †
|
8.1
|
Opinion
of Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP
†
|
23.1
|
Consent
of Venable LLP (included as part of Exhibit 5.1)
†
|
23.2
|
Consent
of Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP (included as part of Exhibit
8.1) †
|
23.3
|
Consent
of KPMG LLP †
|
24
|
Power
of Attorney (included on signature page hereto)
†
|
*
|
Incorporated
by reference
|
(a)
|
The
undersigned Company hereby
undertakes:
|
|
(1)
|
To
file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a
post-effective amendment to this Registration
Statement:
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(i)
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To
include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities
Act;
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(ii)
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To
reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective
date of the Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective
amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a
fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration
Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in
volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities
offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from
the high and low end of the estimated maximum offering range may be
reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to
Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price
represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering
price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the
effective Registration Statement;
and
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(iii)
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To
include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution
not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material
change to such information in the Registration
Statement;
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Provided,
however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section
do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective
amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to
the Commission by the Company pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act,
that are incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement, or is
contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of
the Registration Statement.
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(2)
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That,
for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act,
each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new
Registration Statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the
offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial
bona fide
offering thereof.
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(3)
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To
remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the
securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the
offering.
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(b)
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The
undersigned Company hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining
any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the Company’s
annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and,
where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report
pursuant to section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by
reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new
registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the
offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial
bona fide offering thereof.
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(c)
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Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be
permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Company
pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Company has been
advised that in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is
against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is,
therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification
against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Company of
expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of
the Company in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding)
is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection
with the securities being registered, the Company will, unless in the
opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling
precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question
whether such
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indemnification
by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will
be governed by the final adjudication of such
issue. |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act, the Company certifies that it has
reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing
on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York,
State of New York, on May 15, 2008.
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LEXINGTON REALTY
TRUST |
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By:
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/s/ T. Wilson
Eglin
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T.
Wilson Eglin
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President,
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating
Officer
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POWER OF
ATTORNEY
Each
person whose signature appears below authorizes T. Wilson Eglin and Patrick
Carroll, and each of them, each of whom may act without joinder of the other, as
his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of
substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in
any and all capacities to execute in the name of each such person who is then an
officer or trustee of Lexington Realty Trust, and to file any amendments
(including post effective amendments) to this Registration Statement and any
registration statement for the same offering filed pursuant to Rule 462 under
the Securities Act, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other
documents in connection therewith, with the Commission, granting unto said
attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and
every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the
premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in
person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and
agents or their substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by
virtue hereof.
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been
signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the date
indicated:
Signature
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Title
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Date
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/s/
E.
Robert Roskind |
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Chairman
of the Board of Trustees
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May
15, 2008
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E.
Robert Roskind
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/s/
Richard
J. Rouse |
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Vice
Chairman, Chief Investment Officer and Trustee
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May
15, 2008
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Richard
J. Rouse
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/s/
T.
Wilson Eglin |
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Chief
Executive Officer, President, Chief Operating Officer and Trustee
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May
15, 2008
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T.
Wilson Eglin
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/s/
Patrick
Carroll |
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Chief
Financial Officer, Executive Vice President and Treasurer
|
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May
15, 2008 |
Patrick
Carroll
|
|
|
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/s/
Paul
R. Wood |
|
Vice
President, Chief Accounting Officer and Secretary |
|
May
15, 2008
|
Paul
R. Wood
|
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/s/
Clifford
Broser |
|
Trustee
|
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May
15, 2008
|
Clifford
Broser
|
|
|
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/s/
Geoffrey
Dohrmann |
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Trustee
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May
15, 2008
|
Geoffrey
Dohrmann
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/s/
Carl
D. Glickman |
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Trustee
|
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May
15, 2008
|
Carl
D. Glickman |
/s/
James
Grosfeld |
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Trustee
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May
15, 2008
|
James
Grosfeld
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/s/
Harold
First |
|
Trustee
|
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May
15, 2008
|
|
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/s/
Richard
Frary |
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Trustee
|
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May
15, 2008
|
|
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/s/
Kevin
W. Lynch |
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Trustee
|
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May
15, 2008
|
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EXHIBIT
INDEX
3.1
|
Amended
and Restated Declaration of Trust of the Company (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed
January 8, 2007)*
|
3.2
|
Amended
and Restated By-Laws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 8,
2007)*
|
3.3
|
Fifth
Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Lepercq Corporate
Income Fund L.P., dated as of December 31, 1996, as supplemented
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Registration
Statement of Form 3/A filed September 10,
1999)*
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3.4
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Amendment
No. 1 to the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership
of Lepercq Corporate Income Fund L.P. dated as of December 31, 2000
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.11 to the Company’s Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 (the “2003
10-K”))*
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3.5
|
First
Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited
Partnership of Lepercq Corporate Income Fund L.P. effective as of June 19,
2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.12 to the 2003
10-K)*
|
3.6
|
Second
Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited
Partnership of Lepercq Corporate Income Fund L.P. effective as of June 30,
2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.13 to the 2003
10-K)*
|
3.7
|
Third
Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited
Partnership of Lepercq Corporate Income Fund L.P. effective as of December
31, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.10 to the Company’s
Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed January 27,
2006)*
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3.8
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Fourth
Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited
Partnership of Lepercq Corporate Income Fund L.P. effective as of December
8, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s
Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 14,
2004)*
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3.8
|
Fifth
Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited
Partnership of Lepercq Corporate Income Fund L.P. effective as of December
8, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the to the Company’s
Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 14,
2004)*
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3.9
|
Sixth
Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited
Partnership of Lepercq Corporate Income Fund L.P. effective as of January
3, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the to the Company’s
Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 3,
2005)*
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3.10
|
Seventh
Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited
Partnership of Lepercq Corporate Income Fund L.P. effective as of November
2, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the to the Company’s
Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 3,
2005)*
|
4.1
|
Specimen
of Common Shares Certificate of the Company (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.2 to the 1997 10-K)*
|
5.1
|
Opinion
of Venable LLP †
|
8.1
|
Opinion
of Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP
†
|
23.1
|
Consent
of Venable LLP (included as part of Exhibit 5.1)
†
|
23.2
|
Consent
of Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP (included as part of Exhibit
8.1) †
|
23.3
|
Consent
of KPMG LLP †
|
24
|
Power
of Attorney (included on signature page hereto)
†
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*
|
Incorporated
by reference
|