Document

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
FORM 10-Q
 
 
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2016
 
OR
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from     to
 
Commission File Number: 001-35060
 
 
 
PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
 
 
 
Delaware
 
51-0619477
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
 Identification No.)
 
 
 
5 Sylvan Way, Suite 300
Parsippany, New Jersey, 07054
(Address and Zip Code of Principal Executive Offices)
 
 
 
(973) 254-3560
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes  o No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files.) x Yes  o No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x
 
Accelerated filer o
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer o
 
Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). o Yes  x No
 
As of October 27, 2016, 37,402,282 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, were outstanding.

Table of Contents

PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
 
Page #
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

2
Table of Contents

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
September 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
 
 
(Note 2)
ASSETS
 

 
 

Current assets:
 

 
 

     Cash and cash equivalents
$
24,442

 
$
56,984

     Short-term investments
136,686

 
101,981

     Accounts receivable, net
26,765

 
25,855

     Inventories, net
37,476

 
61,645

     Prepaid expenses and other current assets
10,075

 
6,117

          Total current assets
235,444

 
252,582

Long-term investments
—

 
13,462

Fixed assets, net
100,388

 
90,324

Goodwill
44,670

 
30,880

Intangible assets, net
—

 
81

Other assets
651

 
406

          Total assets
$
381,153

 
$
387,735

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 

 
 

Current liabilities:
 

 
 

     Accounts payable
$
7,287

 
$
8,739

     Accrued expenses
31,077

 
35,375

     Convertible senior notes
107,563

 
104,040

     Current portion of deferred revenue
822

 
1,426

     Income taxes payable
82

 
208

          Total current liabilities
146,831

 
149,788

Deferred revenue
7,617

 
8,082

Other liabilities
12,557

 
11,473

          Total liabilities
167,005

 
169,343

Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)


 


Stockholders’ equity:
 

 
 

     Preferred stock, par value $0.001; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding at
September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015
—

 
—

     Common stock, par value $0.001, 250,000,000 shares authorized; 37,368,592 shares issued and
outstanding at September 30, 2016; 36,848,319 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2015
37

 
37

     Additional paid-in capital
556,405

 
526,696

     Accumulated deficit
(342,266
)
 
(308,289
)
     Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(28
)
 
(52
)
          Total stockholders’ equity
214,148

 
218,392

          Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
381,153

 
$
387,735

 
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

3
Table of Contents

PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Revenues:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

     Net product sales
$
66,119

 
$
61,150

 
$
198,309

 
$
176,297

     Collaborative licensing and milestone revenue
1,357

 
357

 
3,069

 
1,069

     Royalty revenue
879

 
706

 
2,091

 
2,310

          Total revenues
68,355

 
62,213

 
203,469

 
179,676

Operating expenses:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

     Cost of goods sold
43,152

 
15,901

 
86,483

 
52,409

     Research and development
9,754

 
5,893

 
28,609

 
15,509

     Selling, general and administrative
36,314

 
35,310

 
117,940

 
101,490

          Total operating expenses
89,220

 
57,104

 
233,032

 
169,408

Income (loss) from operations
(20,865
)
 
5,109

 
(29,563
)
 
10,268

Other (expense) income:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

     Interest income
346

 
171

 
923

 
504

     Interest expense
(1,601
)
 
(1,905
)
 
(5,203
)
 
(5,842
)
     Royalty interest obligation
—

 
—

 
—

 
(71
)
     Loss on early extinguishment of debt
—

 
—

 
—

 
(51
)
     Other, net
(8
)
 
(8
)
 
(8
)
 
(82
)
          Total other expense, net
(1,263
)
 
(1,742
)
 
(4,288
)
 
(5,542
)
Income (loss) before income taxes
(22,128
)
 
3,367

 
(33,851
)
 
4,726

     Income tax expense
(36
)
 
(281
)
 
(126
)
 
(372
)
Net income (loss)
$
(22,164
)
 
$
3,086

 
$
(33,977
)
 
$
4,354

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) per share:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

     Basic net income (loss) per common share
$
(0.59
)
 
$
0.08

 
$
(0.91
)
 
$
0.12

     Diluted net income (loss) per common share
$
(0.59
)
 
$
0.08

 
$
(0.91
)
 
$
0.11

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
     Basic
37,312

 
36,663

 
37,171

 
36,460

     Diluted
37,312

 
41,043

 
37,171

 
41,422

 
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

4
Table of Contents

PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Net income (loss)
$
(22,164
)
 
$
3,086

 
$
(33,977
)
 
$
4,354

Other comprehensive income:


 
 

 
 

 
 

Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments
(166
)
 
(2
)
 
24

 
51

Total other comprehensive income (loss)
(166
)
 
(2
)
 
24

 
51

Comprehensive income (loss)
$
(22,330
)
 
$
3,084

 
$
(33,953
)
 
$
4,405

 
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2016

(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Accumulated
Deficit
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
 
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
 
Total
Balances at December 31, 2015
36,848

 
$
37

 
$
526,696

 
$
(308,289
)
 
$
(52
)
 
$
218,392

Exercise of stock options
425

 
—

 
5,200

 
—

 
—

 
5,200

Vested restricted stock units
61

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Shares issued under employee stock
purchase plan
35

 
—

 
995

 
—

 
—

 
995

Stock-based compensation
—

 
—

 
23,516

 
—

 
—

 
23,516

Retirement of equity component
of convertible senior notes
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

 
—

 
(2
)
Net unrealized gain on investments
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
24

 
24

Net loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
(33,977
)
 
—

 
(33,977
)
Balances at September 30, 2016
37,369

 
$
37

 
$
556,405

 
$
(342,266
)
 
$
(28
)
 
$
214,148

 
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
 (In thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
 
(Note 2)
Operating activities:
 

 
 

Net income (loss)
$
(33,977
)
 
$
4,354

     Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
 

 
 

     Depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of intangibles
9,659

 
8,356

     Amortization of unfavorable lease obligation and debt issuance costs, net
359

 
361

     Amortization of debt discount
3,066

 
3,080

     Loss on early extinguishment of debt
—

 
51

     Stock-based compensation
23,516

 
23,640

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 

 
 

     Restricted cash
—

 
1,509

     Accounts receivable, net
(910
)
 
(3,553
)
     Inventories, net
24,169

 
(26,869
)
     Prepaid expenses and other assets
(4,202
)
 
(647
)
     Accounts payable, accrued expenses and income taxes payable
(5,691
)
 
1,100

     Royalty interest obligation
—

 
(276
)
     Other liabilities
1,184

 
990

     Deferred revenue
(1,069
)
 
(1,069
)
          Net cash provided by operating activities
16,104

 
11,027

Investing activities:
 

 
 

     Purchases of fixed assets
(19,827
)
 
(31,212
)
     Purchases of investments
(158,390
)
 
(125,197
)
     Sales of investments
137,170

 
134,984

     Payment of contingent consideration
(13,790
)
 
(5,127
)
          Net cash used in investing activities
(54,837
)
 
(26,552
)
Financing activities:
 

 
 

     Proceeds from exercise of stock options
5,200

 
8,798

     Proceeds from shares issued under employee stock purchase plan
995

 
1,195

     Conversion of principal and premium paid on convertible senior notes
(4
)
 
(1,466
)
          Net cash provided by financing activities
6,191

 
8,527

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(32,542
)
 
(6,998
)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
56,984

 
37,520

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
$
24,442

 
$
30,522

Supplemental cash flow information:
 

 
 

     Cash paid for interest, including royalty interest obligation
$
3,852

 
$
4,224

     Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds
$
253

 
$
199

Non-cash investing and financing activities:
 
 
 
     Issuance of stock from conversion of convertible senior notes
$
—

 
$
3,930

     Net increase (decrease) in accrued fixed assets
$
(185
)
 
$
2,595

 
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
 
NOTE 1—DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
 
Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company” or “Pacira”) is a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on the development, commercialization and manufacture of proprietary pharmaceutical products, based on its proprietary DepoFoam® extended release drug delivery technology, for use primarily in hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers. The Company’s lead product, EXPAREL® (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension), which consists of bupivacaine encapsulated in DepoFoam, was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, on October 28, 2011 and launched commercially in April 2012. DepoFoam is also the basis for the Company’s other FDA-approved commercial product, DepoCyt(e), which the Company manufactures for its commercial partners. The Company also sells its bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension product to serve animal health indications.

Pacira is subject to risks common to companies in similar industries and stages of development, including, but not limited to, competition from larger companies, reliance on revenue from few products, reliance on a single manufacturing site, new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, reliance on third-party service providers and sole source suppliers, protection of proprietary technology and compliance with government regulations.

NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
 
These interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or GAAP, and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for interim reporting. Pursuant to these rules and regulations, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in complete annual financial statements have been condensed or omitted. Therefore, these interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited annual consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
 
The consolidated financial statements at September 30, 2016, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, are unaudited, but include all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the financial information set forth herein in accordance with GAAP. The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2015 is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. The consolidated financial statements as presented reflect certain reclassifications from previously issued financial statements to conform to the current year presentation. The accounts of wholly-owned subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim periods or for the full year.

Concentration of Major Customers
 
The Company’s customers are national and regional wholesalers of pharmaceutical products as well as commercial, collaborative and licensing partners. The Company sells EXPAREL through a drop-ship program under which orders are processed through wholesalers (including AmerisourceBergen Health Corporation, Cardinal Health, Inc. and McKesson Drug Company), but shipments of the product are sent directly to individual accounts, such as hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers and individual doctors. The table below includes the percentage of revenue comprised by the Company’s three largest customers (i.e., wholesalers or commercial partners) in each period presented:

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Table of Contents

 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 Largest customer
31%
 
33%
 
32%
 
32%
 Second largest customer
27%
 
29%
 
27%
 
30%
 Third largest customer
27%
 
27%
 
27%
 
28%

85%
 
89%
 
86%
 
90%
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted

In April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2015-03, Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which requires debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability instead of being presented as an asset. Debt disclosures will include the face amount of the debt liability and the effective interest rate. The update requires retrospective application and represents a change in accounting principle. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2016. The Company applied the new guidance retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements to conform to the 2016 presentation. As a result, $1.9 million of debt issuance costs related to the Company’s convertible senior notes at December 31, 2015 were reclassified from other assets to a reduction in the carrying value of the Company’s convertible senior notes.

Not Adopted as of September 30, 2016

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires that an entity recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to its customers. In order to achieve this core principle, an entity should apply the following steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Deferral of the Effective Date, which deferred the effective date of revenue standard ASU 2014-09 by one year and permits early adoption on a limited basis. Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) – Principal versus Agent Considerations; ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) – Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing and ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) – Narrow Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, which provide clarification and additional guidance related to ASU 2014-09. These updates will replace existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP when it becomes effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted in the first quarter of 2017. The updated standards will permit the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company has not yet completed its final review of the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements. However, the Company currently does not anticipate a material impact on its revenue recognition practices. The Company continues to review variable consideration, potential disclosures and its method of adoption to complete its evaluation of the impact on its consolidated financial statements. In addition, the Company continues to monitor additional changes, modifications, clarifications or interpretations being undertaken by the FASB, which may impact current conclusions.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. The standard requires entities to measure most inventory “at the lower of cost and net realizable value,” thereby simplifying the current guidance under which an entity must measure inventory at the lower of cost or market (market in this context is defined as one of three different measures, one of which is net realizable value). The standard is effective for the Company prospectively beginning January 1, 2017. The adoption of ASU 2015-11 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842). This update requires lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under previous authoritative guidance. This update also introduces new disclosure requirements for leasing arrangements. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents


In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This update includes multiple provisions intended to simplify various aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions including accounting for excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies, classification of excess tax benefits in the statement of cash flows and accounting for award forfeitures. This update will become effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2017. The Company is evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-09 on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), which requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Entities will now use forward-looking information to better form their credit loss estimates. This update also requires enhanced disclosures to help financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity’s portfolio. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-13 on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which clarifies existing guidance on how companies present and classify certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows by addressing specific cash flow issues in an effort to reduce diversity in practice, including guidance on debt prepayment or extinguishment costs and contingent consideration payments made after a business combination. This update is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-15 on its consolidated financial statements.

Other pronouncements issued by the FASB or other authoritative accounting standards groups with future effective dates are either not applicable or not significant to the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

NOTE 3—INVENTORIES
 
The components of inventories are as follows (in thousands):
 
September 30,
 
December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Raw materials
$
13,291

 
$
16,712

Work-in-process
11,441

 
12,152

Finished goods
12,744

 
32,781

     Total
$
37,476

 
$
61,645


The Company is required to perform ongoing stability testing on select lots of EXPAREL at various time intervals. In October 2016, as part of its ongoing stability testing, the Company identified that a single batch of EXPAREL, which was manufactured in early 2016, did not meet the required specification. An internal investigation has tied this unexpected result to a modification in the manufacturing process that existed when this product was made, which has subsequently been corrected. The Company has reserved all impacted inventory on hand as of September 30, 2016, and will initiate communications with the FDA regarding a potential product exchange of a limited number of boxes that were sold from the impacted inventory. As a result, in the third quarter of 2016, the Company recorded a $21.9 million charge to cost of goods sold related to this matter, of which $20.7 million has been recorded as an inventory reserve and $1.2 million has been recorded within accrued expenses for an estimated number of replacement boxes and other related costs.













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Table of Contents

NOTE 4—FIXED ASSETS

Fixed assets, summarized by major category, consist of the following (in thousands):
 
September 30,
 
December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Machinery and laboratory equipment
$
32,920

 
$
29,864

Leasehold improvements
32,665

 
30,834

Computer equipment and software
5,787

 
4,007

Office furniture and equipment
1,606

 
1,439

Construction in progress
61,898

 
49,097

        Total
134,876

 
115,241

Less: accumulated depreciation
(34,488
)
 
(24,917
)
        Fixed assets, net
$
100,388

 
$
90,324


For the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, depreciation expense was $3.3 million and $2.8 million, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, capitalized interest on the construction of manufacturing sites was $0.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, depreciation expense was $9.6 million and $8.1 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, capitalized interest on the construction of manufacturing sites was $1.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, total fixed assets, net, includes leasehold improvements and manufacturing process equipment located in England in the amount of $32.3 million and $25.9 million, respectively.

NOTE 5—GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 
In March 2007, the Company acquired from SkyePharma Holding, Inc., or Skyepharma, its California operating subsidiary, referred to herein as the Acquisition. The Company’s goodwill arose in April 2012 from a contingent milestone payment to Skyepharma in connection with the Acquisition. The Acquisition was accounted for under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 141, Accounting for Business Combinations, which was the effective GAAP standard at the Acquisition date. In connection with the Acquisition, the Company agreed to certain earn-out payments based on a percentage of net sales of DepoBupivacaine products collected, including EXPAREL, and certain other yet-to-be-developed products, as well as milestone payments for DepoBupivacaine products, including EXPAREL, as follows:
 
(i)
$10.0 million upon the first commercial sale in the United States (met April 2012);
(ii)
$4.0 million upon the first commercial sale in a major E.U. country (United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy and Spain);
(iii)
$8.0 million when annual net sales collected reach $100.0 million (met September 2014);
(iv)
$8.0 million when annual net sales collected reach $250.0 million (met June 2016); and
(v)
$32.0 million when annual net sales collected reach $500.0 million.

The first milestone was met in April 2012, resulting in a $10.0 million payment to Skyepharma. The Company recorded this payment net of a $2.0 million contingent consideration liability recognized at the time of the Acquisition, resulting in $8.0 million recorded as goodwill. In September 2014, the Company made an $8.0 million milestone payment to Skyepharma in connection with achieving $100.0 million of annual EXPAREL net sales collected, and in June 2016, the Company recorded an $8.0 million milestone for achieving $250.0 million of annual EXPAREL net sales collected, which was paid in September 2016. For purposes of meeting milestone payments, annual net sales are measured on a rolling quarterly basis. Cumulatively through September 30, 2016, the Company has recorded an additional $20.7 million as goodwill for earn-out payments which are based on a percentage of net sales of DepoBupivacaine products collected, including EXPAREL. Any remaining earn-out payments will also be treated as additional costs of the Acquisition and, therefore, recorded as goodwill if and when each contingency is resolved.

The change in the carrying value of goodwill is summarized as follows (in thousands):

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Carrying Value
Balance at December 31, 2015
$
30,880

Milestone payments triggered by collections of net sales of DepoBupivacaine products
8,000

Percentage payments on collections of net sales of DepoBupivacaine products
5,790

Balance at September 30, 2016
$
44,670

 
Intangible assets, net, consisted of core technology, developed technology and trademarks and trade names acquired in the Acquisition and are summarized as follows (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
 
Amortizable Intangible Assets:
Gross
Carrying
Value
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Intangible
Assets, Net
 
Gross
Carrying
Value
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Intangible
Assets, Net
 
Estimated
Useful Life
Core technology
$
2,900

 
$
(2,900
)
 
$
—

 
$
2,900

 
$
(2,819
)
 
$
81

 
9 Years
Developed technology
11,700

 
(11,700
)
 
—

 
11,700

 
(11,700
)
 
—

 
7 Years
Trademarks and trade names
400

 
(400
)
 
—

 
400

 
(400
)
 
—

 
7 Years
     Total intangible assets
$
15,000

 
$
(15,000
)
 
$
—

 
$
15,000

 
$
(14,919
)
 
$
81

 
 
 
There was no amortization expense for intangible assets for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, amortization expense for intangible assets was $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
 
NOTE 6—DEBT

The composition of the Company’s debt and financing obligations is as follows (in thousands):
 
September 30,
 
December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
3.25% convertible senior notes
$
118,531

 
$
118,533

Deferred financing costs
(1,429
)
 
(1,888
)
Discount on debt
(9,539
)
 
(12,605
)
     Total debt, net of debt discount
$
107,563

 
$
104,040

 
On January 23, 2013, the Company completed a private placement of $120.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.25% convertible senior notes due 2019, or Notes, and entered into an indenture agreement, or Indenture, with respect to the Notes. The Notes accrue interest at a fixed rate of 3.25% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The Notes mature on February 1, 2019.

On or after August 1, 2018, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding February 1, 2019, holders may convert their Notes at any time. Upon conversion, holders will receive cash up to the principal amount of the Notes and, with respect to any excess conversion value, may receive cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s option. The initial conversion rate for the Notes was 40.2945 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $24.82 per share of the Company’s common stock. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest.

Holders may convert their Notes prior to August 1, 2018 only if certain circumstances are met, including if during the previous calendar quarter, the sales price of the Company’s common stock was greater than 130% of the conversion price then applicable for at least 20 out of the last 30 consecutive trading days of the quarter. During the quarter ended September 30, 2016, this condition for conversion was met. As a result, the Notes are classified as a current obligation and will be convertible until December 31, 2016. As of September 30, 2016, the Notes had a market price of $1,514 per $1,000 principal amount, compared to an estimated conversion value of $1,379 per $1,000 principal amount. In the event of conversion, holders would forgo all future interest payments, any unpaid accrued interest and the possibility of further stock price appreciation. Upon the receipt of conversion requests, the settlement of the Notes will be paid pursuant to the terms of the Indenture, which states that the principal must be settled in cash. In the event that all of the Notes are converted, the Company would be required to repay the $118.5 million in principal value and approximately $44.9 million of cash or issue approximately 1.3 million shares of its

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common stock (or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock at the Company’s option) to settle the conversion premium as of September 30, 2016, causing dilution to the Company’s shareholders and/or significant expenditures of the Company’s cash and liquid securities. In February 2015, the Company received notice of an election for conversion from one of the holders of the Notes. The principal amount of the conversion request was $1.5 million which was paid in cash pursuant to the terms of the Indenture in April 2015. The Company elected to settle the conversion premium by issuing 44,287 shares of its common stock, calculated based on a daily volume-weighted adjusted price over a 40 trading-day observation period which ended on April 8, 2015. The Company realized a $0.1 million loss on the extinguishment of the converted Notes. The Company has completed other immaterial conversion requests.

While the Notes are classified in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 as a current obligation, the future convertibility and resulting balance sheet classification of this liability will be monitored at each quarterly reporting date and will be analyzed dependent upon market prices of the Company’s common stock during the prescribed measurement periods. In the event that the holders of the Notes continue to have the election to convert the Notes at any time during the prescribed measurement period, the Notes will continue to be considered a current obligation and classified as such. Prior to August 1, 2017, in the event that none of the conversion conditions are met in a given quarter, the Notes would be reclassified as a long-term liability.

On or after February 1, 2017, the Company may redeem for cash all or part of the Notes if the last reported sale price (as defined in the Indenture) of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading-day period, ending within five trading days prior to the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption.

Under Accounting Standards Codification 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, an entity must separately account for the liability and equity components of convertible debt instruments (such as the Notes) that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost. The equity component is recorded in additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet at the issuance date and that equity component is treated as a discount on the liability component of the Notes. The initial carrying value of the liability component of $95.1 million was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying value of the equity component, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the Notes. The equity component is not re-measured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.
 
The Company allocated the total transaction costs of $4.7 million related to the issuance of the Notes to the liability and equity components of the Notes based on their relative values. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component are amortized to interest expense over the six-year term of the Notes, and transaction costs attributable to the equity component are netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity.

The following table sets forth the total interest expense recognized (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Contractual interest expense
$
963

 
$
963

 
$
2,890

 
$
2,893

Amortization of debt issuance costs
153

 
153

 
459

 
461

Amortization of debt discount
1,022

 
1,022

 
3,066

 
3,080

Capitalized interest (Note 4)
(537
)
 
(233
)
 
(1,212
)
 
(592
)
        Total
$
1,601

 
$
1,905

 
$
5,203

 
$
5,842

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effective interest rate on the Notes
7.22
%
 
7.22
%
 
7.22
%
 
7.20
%

NOTE 7—FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 
Fair Value Measurements
 
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction. To increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements, the

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FASB established a three-level hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of fair value measurements are:
 
•
Level 1—Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.

•
Level 2—Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets, but corroborated by market data.

•
Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs.

The carrying value of financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their respective fair values due to the short-term nature of these items. The fair value of the Notes at September 30, 2016 is calculated utilizing market quotations from an over-the-counter trading market for these Notes (Level 2). The carrying amount and fair value of the Notes are as follows (in thousands):
Financial Liabilities Carried at Historical Cost
 
Carrying Value
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
September 30, 2016
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
3.25% convertible senior notes *
 
$
107,563

 
$
—

 
$
179,426

 
$
—


* The fair value of the Notes was based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $34.22 per share at September 30, 2016 compared to a conversion price of $24.82 per share which, if converted, would result in an approximate conversion premium of 1.3 million shares or $44.9 million of cash. The maximum conversion premium that can be due on the Notes is 4.8 million shares, which assumes no increases in the conversion rate for certain corporate events.

Short-term investments consist of asset-backed securities collateralized by credit card receivables, investment grade commercial paper and corporate bonds with maturities less than one year. Long-term investments consist of corporate bonds with maturities greater than one year. The net unrealized gains and losses from the Company’s short-term and long-term investments are reported in other comprehensive income. At September 30, 2016, all of the Company’s short-term investments are classified as available for sale investments and are determined to be Level 2 instruments, which are measured at fair value using standard industry models with observable inputs. The fair value of the commercial paper is measured based on a standard industry model that uses the three-month Treasury bill rate as an observable input. The fair value of the asset-backed securities and corporate bonds is principally measured or corroborated by trade data for identical issues in which related trading activity is not sufficiently frequent to be considered a Level 1 input or that of comparable securities. At September 30, 2016, the Company’s short-term investments were rated A or better by Standard & Poor’s.
 
The following summarizes the Company’s investments at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands): 
September 30, 2016 Debt Securities
 
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
(Level 2)
Short-term:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Asset-backed securities
 
$
20,314

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
20,315

   Commercial paper
 
48,441

 
13

 
(15
)
 
48,439

   Corporate bonds
 
67,959

 
4

 
(31
)
 
67,932

      Total
 
$
136,714

 
$
18

 
$
(46
)
 
$
136,686

December 31, 2015 Debt Securities
 
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
(Level 2)
Short-term:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Asset-backed securities
 
$
27,484

 
$
—

 
$
(15
)
 
$
27,469

   Commercial paper
 
35,191

 
31

 
—

 
35,222

   Corporate bonds
 
39,319

 
2

 
(31
)
 
39,290

      Subtotal
 
101,994

 
33

 
(46
)
 
101,981

Long-term:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Corporate bonds
 
13,501

 
—

 
(39
)
 
13,462

      Total
 
$
115,495

 
$
33

 
$
(85
)
 
$
115,443



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Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination and long-lived assets, which would be recognized at fair value if deemed to be impaired or if reclassified as assets held for sale. The fair value in these instances would be determined using Level 3 inputs. At September 30, 2016, the Company had no financial instruments which were measured using Level 3 inputs.

Credit Risk
 
Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents with high-credit quality financial institutions. At times, such amounts may exceed federally-insured limits. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers as warranted and generally does not require collateral.
 
As of September 30, 2016, three customers each accounted for over 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable, at 30%, 30% and 28%, respectively. At December 31, 2015, three customers each accounted for over 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable, at 34%, 28% and 27%, respectively (for additional information regarding the Company’s customers, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies). Revenues are primarily derived from major wholesalers and pharmaceutical companies which generally have significant cash resources. Allowances for doubtful accounts receivable are maintained based on historical payment patterns, aging of accounts receivable and the Company’s actual write-off history. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, no allowances for doubtful accounts were deemed necessary by the Company on its accounts receivable.

NOTE 8—STOCK PLANS
 
Stock Incentive Plans

In June 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved the Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, or the 2011 Plan. The 2011 Plan was amended to, among other things, increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance as equity awards under the plan by 4,000,000 shares.

Stock-Based Compensation
 
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense in its consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Cost of goods sold
 
$
1,627

 
$
1,690

 
$
4,786

 
$
4,379

Research and development
 
690

 
1,070

 
2,598

 
3,140

Selling, general and administrative
 
5,044

 
6,066

 
16,132

 
16,121

        Total
 
$
7,361

 
$
8,826

 
$
23,516

 
$
23,640

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation from:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    Stock options (employee awards)
 
$
5,684

 
$
6,991

 
$
18,318

 
$
19,926

    Stock options (consultant awards)
 
150

 
402

 
872

 
1,459

    Restricted stock units (employee awards)
 
1,425

 
1,257

 
3,650

 
1,626

    Employee stock purchase plan
 
102

 
176

 
676

 
629

        Total
 
$
7,361

 
$
8,826

 
$
23,516

 
$
23,640


Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company’s 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP, features two six-month offering periods per year, running from January 1 to June 30 and July 1 to December 31. Under the ESPP, employees may elect to contribute after-tax earnings to purchase shares at 85% of the closing fair market value of the Company’s common stock on either the offering date or the purchase date, whichever is less. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, 34,705 shares were purchased and issued under the ESPP.


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Equity Awards

The following tables contain information about the Company’s stock option and restricted stock unit, or RSU, activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2016:
Stock Options
 
 Number of Options
 
 Weighted Average Exercise Price
 Outstanding at December 31, 2015
 
4,645,722

 
$
44.03

     Granted
 
830,728

 
43.87

     Exercised
 
(424,519
)
 
12.25

     Forfeited
 
(350,438
)
 
71.05

     Expired
 
(141,000
)
 
81.50

 Outstanding at September 30, 2016
 
4,560,493

 
43.70

Restricted Stock Units
 
 Number of Units
 
 Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2015
 
216,198

 
$
78.59

     Granted
 
248,381

 
40.43

     Vested
 
(61,049
)
 
78.60

     Forfeited
 
(38,608
)
 
72.10

Unvested at September 30, 2016
 
364,922

 
53.23


The weighted average fair value of stock options granted for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $21.72 and $38.94 per share, respectively. The fair values of stock options granted were estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following weighted average assumptions:
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
2016
 
2015
Expected dividend yield
None
 
None
Risk free interest rate
1.03% - 1.85%
 
1.40% - 1.87%
Expected volatility
53.06%
 
53.04%
Expected term of options
5.80 years
 
5.75 years

NOTE 9—STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
The following table illustrates the changes in the balances of the Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented (in thousands):
 
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
Net unrealized gains (losses) from available for sale investments:
 
2016
 
2015
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
(52
)
 
$
(80
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
 
24

 
51

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 
—

 
—

Balance at end of period
 
$
(28
)
 
$
(29
)

NOTE 10—NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is

16
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calculated by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus dilutive potential common stock outstanding during the period. Potential common shares include the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants, the vesting of RSUs and the purchase of shares from the ESPP (using the treasury stock method) as well as the conversion of the excess conversion value on the Notes. As discussed in Note 6, Debt, the Company must settle the principal of the Notes in cash upon conversion, and it may settle any conversion premium in either cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s option. For purposes of calculating the dilutive impact of the conversion premium on the Notes, it is presumed that the conversion premium will be settled in common stock.
Potential common shares are excluded from the diluted net income (loss) per share computation to the extent they would be antidilutive. Because the Company reported a net loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, no potentially dilutive securities have been included in the computation of diluted net loss per share for those periods.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Net income (loss)
$
(22,164
)
 
$
3,086

 
$
(33,977
)
 
$
4,354

Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic
37,312

 
36,663

 
37,171

 
36,460

Computation of diluted securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Dilutive effect of stock options
—

 
1,530

 
—

 
1,698

   Dilutive effect of RSUs
—

 
3

 
—

 
1

   Dilutive effect of conversion premium on the Notes
—

 
2,841

 
—

 
3,256

   Dilutive effect of warrants
—

 
6

 
—

 
6

   Dilutive effect of ESPP
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

   Weighted average common shares outstanding—diluted
37,312

 
41,043

 
37,171

 
41,422

Net income (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Basic net income (loss) per common share
$
(0.59
)
 
$
0.08

 
$
(0.91
)
 
$
0.12

   Diluted net income (loss) per common share
$
(0.59
)
 
$
0.08

 
$
(0.91
)
 
$
0.11


The following outstanding stock options, RSUs, conversion premium on the Notes, warrants and ESPP purchase options are antidilutive in the periods presented (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Weighted average number of stock options
4,632

 
2,235

 
4,403

 
1,765

Weighted average number of RSUs
372

 
203

 
265

 
68

Conversion premium on the Notes
1,750

 
—

 
2,288

 
—

Weighted average number of warrants
—

 
—

 
1

 
—

Weighted average ESPP purchase options
20

 
16

 
22

 
5

      Total
6,774

 
2,454

 
6,979

 
1,838










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NOTE 11—TAXES

Income (loss) before income taxes is as follows (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Income (loss) before income taxes:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Domestic
$
(21,780
)
 
$
3,776

 
$
(32,806
)
 
$
6,014

   Foreign
(348
)
 
(409
)
 
(1,045
)
 
(1,288
)
      Total income (loss) before income taxes
$
(22,128
)
 
$
3,367

 
$
(33,851
)
 
$
4,726


The Company recorded income tax expense of less than $0.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016 and $0.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. In the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded income tax expense of $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The provision for income taxes is recorded based upon the best current estimate of the Company’s annual effective tax rate, or AETR. Generally, the AETR is the result of a mix of profits and losses the Company and its subsidiaries earn in multiple tax jurisdictions with different income tax rates. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company determined that its actual year-to-date rate was the best estimate of its AETR. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company estimated its AETR based on full-year estimates for ordinary income and the related tax expense. The tax provisions reflect federal alternative minimum taxes as well as state income taxes. Due to the fact that the Company’s deferred tax assets are fully offset by a valuation allowance, the tax provisions do not reflect deferred tax expenses.

NOTE 12—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
Leases
 
The Company leases research and development, manufacturing and warehouse facilities in San Diego, California, which expire in August 2020, and its corporate headquarters in Parsippany, New Jersey, which expires in March 2028.

As of September 30, 2016, annual aggregate minimum payments due under the Company’s lease obligations are as follows (in thousands): 
Year
 
Aggregate Minimum Payments
2016 (remaining three months)
 
$
1,945

2017
 
7,878

2018
 
8,081

2019
 
8,303

2020
 
6,420

2021 through 2028
 
8,731

    Total
 
$
41,358


Litigation

From time to time, the Company has been and may again become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of its business, including those related to patents, product liability and government investigations. Except as described below, the Company is not presently a party to any litigation which it believes to be material, and is not aware of any pending or threatened litigation against the Company which it believes could have a material adverse effect on its business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows.

In April 2015, the Company received a subpoena from the U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of New Jersey, requiring the production of a broad range of documents pertaining to marketing and promotional practices related to EXPAREL. The Company is cooperating with the government’s inquiry. The Company can make no assurances as to the time or resources that will need to be devoted to this inquiry or its final outcome, or the impact, if any, of this inquiry or any proceedings on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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NOTE 13—COMMERCIAL PARTNERS AND OTHER AGREEMENTS
 
Aratana Therapeutics, Inc.

On December 5, 2012, the Company entered into a worldwide license, development and commercialization agreement with Aratana Therapeutics, Inc., or Aratana. Under the agreement, the Company granted Aratana an exclusive royalty-bearing license, including the limited right to grant sublicenses, for the development and commercialization of the Company’s bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension product for animal health indications. Under the agreement, Aratana developed and obtained FDA approval for the use of the product in veterinary surgery to manage postsurgical pain. In connection with its entry into the license agreement, the Company received a one-time payment of $1.0 million. In December 2013, the Company received a $0.5 million milestone payment under the agreement. In June 2016, the Company recorded $1.0 million in milestone revenue for Aratana’s filing of an FDA Administrative New Animal Drug Application, or ANADA, and in August 2016 recorded $1.0 million related to the FDA’s approval of the ANADA. The Company is eligible to receive up to an additional aggregate $40.0 million upon the achievement of development and commercial milestones. Aratana is required to pay the Company a tiered double digit royalty on net sales made in the United States. If the product is approved by foreign regulatory agencies for sale outside of the United States, Aratana will be required to pay the Company a tiered double digit royalty on such net sales. Royalty rates will be reduced by a certain percentage upon the entry of a generic competitor for animal health indications into a jurisdiction or if Aratana must pay royalties to third parties under certain circumstances.

Aratana began purchasing bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension product in the third quarter of 2016, which they will market under the trade name NOCITA® to serve animal health indications.

NOCITA® is a registered trademark of Aratana Therapeutics, Inc.

CrossLink BioScience, LLC

In October 2013, the Company and CrossLink BioScience, LLC, or CrossLink, commenced a five-year arrangement for the promotion and sale of EXPAREL, pursuant to the terms of a Master Distributor Agreement (as amended, the “Agreement”). On June 30, 2016, the Company provided notice to CrossLink electing to terminate the Agreement effective as of September 30, 2016. In connection with the termination of the Agreement, a termination fee based on a percentage of earned performance-based fees is due to CrossLink. This fee of $7.1 million is payable to CrossLink quarterly over two years beginning in the fourth quarter of 2016, and was recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. At September 30, 2016, $4.7 million is classified in accrued expenses and $2.4 million is classified in other liabilities, consistent with the contractual timing of payments.




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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and certain other communications made by us contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, including statements about our growth and future operating results, discovery and development of products, strategic alliances and intellectual property. For this purpose, any statement that is not a statement of historical fact should be considered a forward-looking statement. We often use the words “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” and similar expressions to help identify forward-looking statements. We cannot assure you that our estimates, assumptions and expectations will prove to have been correct. These forward-looking statements include, among others, statements about: the success of our sales and manufacturing efforts in support of the commercialization of EXPAREL®(bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) and our other products; the rate and degree of market acceptance of EXPAREL; the size and growth of the potential markets for EXPAREL and our ability to serve those markets; the Company’s plans to expand the use of EXPAREL to additional indications and opportunities, and the timing and success of any related clinical trials; the related timing and success of United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, supplemental New Drug Applications, or sNDA; the outcome of the U.S. Department of Justice, or DOJ, inquiry; the Company’s plans to evaluate, develop and pursue additional DepoFoam®-based product candidates; clinical trials in support of an existing or potential DepoFoam-based product; the Company’s plans to continue to manufacture and provide support services for its commercial partners who have licensed DepoCyt(e); our commercialization and marketing capabilities and the ability of the Company and Patheon UK Limited, or Patheon, to successfully and timely construct dedicated EXPAREL manufacturing suites. Important factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated or implied by forward-looking statements. We undertake no intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, and readers should not rely on the forward-looking statements as representing the Company’s views as of any date subsequent to the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these statements. These factors include items mentioned herein and the matters discussed and referenced in Part I-Item 1A. “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 and in other reports as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC.
Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “Pacira,” “we,” the “Company,” “us” and “our” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q refer to Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its subsidiaries. In addition, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to DepoCyt(e) mean DepoCyt® when discussed in the context of the United States and Canada and DepoCyte® when discussed in the context of Europe.

Overview
We are a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on the development, commercialization and manufacture of proprietary pharmaceutical products, based on our proprietary DepoFoam extended release drug delivery technology, for use primarily in hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers. As of September 30, 2016, our commercial stage products are EXPAREL and DepoCyt(e):

•
EXPAREL is a liposome injection of bupivacaine, an amide-type local anesthetic indicated for single-dose administration into the surgical site to produce postsurgical analgesia, which was approved by the FDA on October 28, 2011. We commercially launched EXPAREL in April 2012. We drop-ship EXPAREL directly to the end-user based on orders placed to wholesalers or directly to us, and we have no product held by wholesalers.

•
DepoCyt(e) is a sustained release liposomal formulation of the chemotherapeutic agent cytarabine and is indicated for the intrathecal treatment of lymphomatous meningitis. DepoCyt(e) was granted accelerated approval by the FDA in 1999 and full approval in 2007. We sell DepoCyt(e) to our commercial partners located in the United States and Europe.
We expect to continue to incur significant expenses as we further commercialize EXPAREL; pursue expanded uses of EXPAREL in additional indications and opportunities; advance the development of DepoFoam-based product candidates, such as DepoMeloxicam and DepoTranexamic Acid; seek FDA approval for our product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials; develop our sales force and marketing capabilities to prepare for their commercial launch; expand and enhance our manufacturing capacity for EXPAREL; and support regulatory and legal matters.


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Recent Highlights and Developments
•
Total revenues increased $6.1 million, or 10%, in the three months ended September 30, 2016, compared to the same period in 2015, primarily driven by EXPAREL net product sales of $64.9 million, which were up $5.1 million, or 9%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, total revenues increased $23.8 million, or 13% compared to the same period in 2015, again driven by EXPAREL net product sales of $194.4 million, up $21.7 million, or 13%.
•
As part of our routine stability monitoring that occurred in October 2016, it came to our attention that one of two test batches of EXPAREL made in early 2016 had slightly fallen out of specification for one of the 21 acceptance criteria measured during testing. The other stability test batch remains fully within specifications. The value for this out-of-specification attribute is just 1% outside the target range. All other test attributes, many of which are the key measurements that we believe are the most indicative of the product’s performance and demonstrative of product quality, are within specification and trending according to shelf life expectations. This test result was unexpected and suggestive of some deviation from a consistency of manufacturing output. An internal investigation has tied the unexpected result to a modification to the manufacturing process that existed when this product was made, which has subsequently been corrected. The Company has reserved all impacted inventory on hand as of September 30, 2016, and will initiate communications with the FDA regarding a potential product exchange of a limited number of boxes, that were sold from the impacted inventory. As a result, in the third quarter of 2016, the Company recorded a $21.9 million charge to cost of goods sold related to this matter, of which $20.7 million has been recorded as an inventory reserve and $1.2 million has been recorded within accrued expenses for an estimated number of replacement boxes and other related costs.
Separately, as we have accumulated test data over the life of the product, it has become evident to us that one of the 21 stability acceptance criteria agreed to with the FDA upon product approval, and one that we believe has no bearing on product safety, presents a recurrent risk for testing outside the approved specification. As a result, we have recently been in discussions with the FDA about both a modification of that specification as well as the potential development of a new analytical test for this attribute. Until that process is completed, we have agreed with the FDA that all EXPAREL manufactured beginning in October 2016 will include 12 month expiration dating.
•
In September 2016, we officially launched EXPAREL to the oral and maxillofacial market by introducing a 10mL vial for use in patients undergoing third molar (wisdom teeth) extractions. We believe the 10mL vial will also be popular among plastic surgeons. We introduced these 10mL vials in a 10-pack and a 4-pack so that oral surgeons and doctors at smaller surgical centers will have easier access to provide EXPAREL to their patients.
•
In June 2016, we enrolled the first patients in both of our EXPAREL Phase 3 studies for upper and lower extremity nerve blocks, specifically a femoral nerve block for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, or TKA, and a brachial plexus nerve block for patients undergoing either total shoulder arthroplasty or rotator cuff repairs. We expect to complete enrollment for both of these trials by early 2017.
•
In June 2016, we recorded an $8.0 million milestone payable to SkyePharma Holding, Inc., or Skyepharma, in connection with achieving $250.0 million of EXPAREL net sales collected on an annual basis.
•
In June 2016, we provided notice to CrossLink BioScience LLC, or CrossLink, of our election to terminate our Master Distributor Agreement for the promotion and sale of EXPAREL effective as of September 30, 2016. A $7.1 million termination fee based on a percentage of earned performance-based fees is due to CrossLink quarterly over two years, beginning in the fourth quarter of 2016.
•
In April 2016, we enrolled the first patient in our EXPAREL infiltration TKA randomized controlled trial, or RCT. With this study we expect to demonstrate the benefits of EXPAREL in treating pain and reducing opioid consumption after post operative day one against bupivacaine, the active comparator. We expect to complete enrollment for this trial by early 2017.
EXPAREL
We continue to invest in the clinical development of EXPAREL to both support its current label and expand into additional indications. In April 2016, we initiated an RCT using EXPAREL infiltration in TKA. We are currently conducting Phase 3 trials for both upper and lower extremity nerve blocks, specifically a femoral nerve block for patients undergoing TKA and a brachial plexus nerve block for patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty or rotator cuff repairs. We believe that this additional indication for EXPAREL presents a method of pain control that has the potential to reduce the need for opioids and replace the costly and cumbersome perineural catheter, drug reservoir and pump with a single-dose administration to

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continuously deliver bupivacaine, and will allow us to fully leverage our manufacturing and commercial infrastructure. Additionally, we initiated a multicenter RCT in the third quarter of 2016 in subjects undergoing spine surgery and expect to enroll the first patient in the fourth quarter of 2016. We also plan on commencing pediatric trials for EXPAREL, which have been required by the FDA.
We expect to continue to implement a variety of programs to educate customers about EXPAREL. Our commercial team, consisting of both sales representatives and scientific and medical affairs professionals, executes on a full range of activities for EXPAREL, including disseminating publications and abstracts evidencing the clinical efficacy and safety of EXPAREL, health outcomes and economic research and review articles on postsurgical pain management. We also provide resources for real world evidence data collection and pharmacoeconomic studies, which aid in demonstrating the true cost of opioid-based postsurgical pain control through retrospective and prospective analyses for our hospital customers utilizing their own hospital data. Finally, we launched a national patient education campaign on August 1, 2016, focused on educating the patient population about their postsurgical analgesic options. The initiative is centered on empowering individuals to proactively discuss non-opioid options, including EXPAREL, with their clinicians prior to undergoing surgical procedures.
Product Pipeline
DepoFoam is used to extend the release of active drug substances. With this technology, we are currently developing two new DepoFoam-based product candidates, DepoMeloxicam, or DepoMLX, a DepoFoam-based non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID, and DepoTranexamic Acid, or DepoTXA, a DepoFoam-based antifibrinolytic. Completion of clinical trials may take several years or more. The length of time generally varies according to the type, complexity, novelty and intended use of a product candidate. We are also evaluating other potential DepoFoam products as pipeline candidates.
DepoMLX is a long-acting NSAID, designed to treat moderate to severe acute pain. Meloxicam, which is currently available as an oral formulation, is a commonly used NSAID on the market today. A product designed for single dose local administration such as DepoMLX could provide a longer duration of pain relief at a significantly lower concentration of systemic NSAIDs, which are known to cause dose dependent gastrointestinal side effects. We expect our customer audience for this drug to be similar to the target audience for EXPAREL infiltration. DepoMLX is currently in pre-clinical development, and we expect to initiate a Phase 1 clinical trial under an investigational new drug application, or IND, in the first half of 2017.
Tranexamic Acid, or TXA, is currently used as a systemic injection or as a topical application, and is used to treat or prevent excessive blood loss during surgery by preventing the breakdown of a clot. The current formulation of TXA, however, has a short-lived effect consisting of only a few hours, while the risk of bleeding continues for two to three days after surgery. We believe DepoTXA, a long acting local antifibrinolytic agent combining immediate and extended release TXA, could address the unmet, increasing need for rapid ambulation and discharge in the ambulatory surgery environment for joint surgery (primarily orthopedic surgery, including spine and trauma procedures and cardiothoracic surgery). Designed for single dose local administration into the surgical site, DepoTXA could provide enhanced hemostabilization for patients over the systemic use of TXA by reducing bleeding, the need for blood transfusions, swelling, soft-tissue hematomas and the need for postoperative drains, thereby increasing vigor in patients while decreasing overall costs to the hospital system. DepoTXA recently transitioned from preclinical to clinical development, and the IND was opened in June 2016, allowing the initiation of a Phase 2 clinical trial in the fourth quarter of 2016.
Results of Operations
 
Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015
 
Revenues

Our net product sales include sales of EXPAREL in the United States and DepoCyt(e) in the United States and Europe. We also earn royalties based on sales by commercial partners of DepoCyt(e) and license fees and milestone payments from third parties.
 
The following table provides information regarding our revenues during the periods indicated, including percent changes (dollars in thousands):

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Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
 Net product sales:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      EXPAREL
$
64,869

 
$
59,729

 
9%
 
$
194,374

 
$
172,657

 
13%
      DepoCyt(e) and other product sales
1,250

 
1,421

 
(12)%
 
3,935

 
3,640

 
8%
 Total net product sales
66,119

 
61,150

 
8%
 
198,309

 
176,297

 
12%
 Collaborative licensing and milestone revenue
1,357

 
357

 
280%
 
3,069

 
1,069

 
187%
 Royalty revenue
879

 
706

 
25%
 
2,091

 
2,310

 
(9)%
      Total revenues
$
68,355

 
$
62,213

 
10%
 
$
203,469

 
$
179,676

 
13%
 
EXPAREL revenue grew 9% and 13% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2015, primarily due to increases in sales volume of 8% and 11% in those corresponding periods. The demand for EXPAREL has continued as a result of new accounts and growth within existing accounts, which has been driven by continued adoption of EXPAREL use in soft tissue and orthopedic procedures. The remaining increase in the nine month revenue was due to a 5% price increase effective April 2015, partially offset by lower pricing on government sales from our participation in the Federal Supply Schedule beginning in the third quarter of 2015.

DepoCyt(e) and other product sales decreased 12% and increased 8% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2015. The decrease in the three month period was primarily due to fewer DepoCyt(e) lots sold to our commercial partners in the third quarter of 2016 compared to the same period in 2015. The increase in the nine month period was primarily due to consistent DepoCyt(e) sales and sales of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension to serve animal health indications.

Collaborative licensing and milestone revenue increased $1.0 million and $2.0 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2015, as a result of milestones earned under our agreement with Aratana Therapeutics, Inc. for the development and commercialization of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension in animal health indications.

Royalty revenue reflects royalties earned on collections of end-user sales of DepoCyt(e) by our commercial partners.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold primarily relates to the costs to produce, package and deliver our products to customers. These expenses include labor, raw materials, manufacturing overhead and occupancy costs, depreciation of facilities, royalty payments, quality control and engineering.
 
The following table provides information regarding our cost of goods sold and gross margin as a percentage of product-related revenues during the periods indicated, including percent changes (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
 Cost of goods sold
$
43,152

 
$
15,901

 
171%
 
$
86,483

 
$
52,409

 
65%
 Gross margin *
36
%
 
74
%
 

 
57
%
 
71
%
 

* The gross margin calculation excludes collaborative licensing and milestone revenue.
 
The increase in cost of goods sold in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 versus 2015 was primarily due to $21.9 million of inventory and related reserves discussed previously in the Recent Highlights and Developments section. In addition, cost of goods sold increased as a result of increased sales volume of EXPAREL at a higher manufacturing cost per vial and increased costs in preparation for our new manufacturing site in Swindon, England. A shift to utilizing a portion of our manufacturing lines during 2015 at our Science Center Campus in San Diego, California to support new pipeline product development opportunities has increased the EXPAREL manufacturing cost per vial.

The decrease in our gross margins in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 versus 2015 primarily reflects the inventory and related reserves discussed previously in the Recent Highlights and Developments section and the decreased

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utilization of our facilities to produce EXPAREL. In addition, gross margins decreased due to higher costs of $0.6 million and $2.1 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2015, in preparation of commercial production at our new manufacturing site. We also had increases of $0.4 million and $3.6 million for unplanned manufacturing shutdown charges in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2015.
 
Research and Development Expenses
 
Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs related to clinical trials and related outside services, product development and other research and development costs and stock-based compensation expenses. Clinical development expenses include costs for clinical personnel, clinical trials performed by third-party contract research organizations, materials and supplies, database management and other third-party fees. Product development and other research and development expenses include development costs for our pipeline products and medical information expenses, which include personnel, equipment, materials and contractor costs for both new process development and new product candidates, toxicology studies and facility costs for our research space. Stock-based compensation expense relates to the costs of stock option grants to employees and non-employees, awards of restricted stock units, or RSUs, and our employee stock purchase plan, or ESPP.

The following table provides information regarding our research and development expenses during the periods indicated, including percent changes (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
Clinical development
$
5,665

 
$
2,119

 
167%
 
$
14,576

 
$
5,281

 
176%
Product development and other
3,399

 
2,704

 
26%
 
11,435

 
7,088

 
61%
Stock-based compensation
690

 
1,070

 
(36)%
 
2,598

 
3,140

 
(17)%
     Total research and development expense
$
9,754

 
$
5,893

 
66%
 
$
28,609

 
$
15,509

 
84%
 % of total revenues
14
%
 
9
%
 
 
 
14
%
 
9
%
 
 
 
Research and development expense increased 66% and 84% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2015. In the three months ended September 30, 2016, clinical development expenses increased $3.5 million, product development and other increased $0.7 million and stock-based compensation decreased $0.4 million versus the three months ended September 30, 2015. The nine months ended September 30, 2016 featured an increase of $9.3 million in clinical development, $4.3 million in product development and other and a decrease in stock-based compensation of $0.5 million versus the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

The increase in clinical development expense in both periods reflects costs for two nerve block trials, including a femoral nerve block in subjects undergoing TKA and a brachial plexus block in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty or rotator cuff repair, both of which commenced enrollment in June 2016 and costs for our EXPAREL infiltration TKA trial, which commenced enrollment in April 2016 . We also incurred close out costs for the EXPAREL infiltration oral surgery trial which completed enrollment in late 2015. Increased costs also include a larger clinical workforce, which is managing our increasing investment in research and development initiatives. The increase in clinical development expense was partially offset by a decrease in research grants and trial related expenses for Phase 4 EXPAREL trials.

Product development and other research and development expenses increased due to additional investment in our pipeline drug candidates, including DepoMLX and DepoTXA, the latter of which is now in the clinical development stage, coupled with increased depreciation due to placing our new research and development facility into service in August 2015.

In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 versus 2015, stock-based compensation decreased as additional expense from newly granted awards was more than offset by the decreased expense on mark-to-market non-employee awards which were fully vested in mid-2016.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of compensation and benefits for our sales force and personnel that support our sales, marketing, medical and scientific affairs operations, commission payments to CrossLink for the promotion and sale of EXPAREL, expenses related to communicating the health outcome benefits of EXPAREL patients and educational programs for our customers. General and administrative expenses consist of compensation and benefits for legal, finance,

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regulatory, compliance, information technology, human resources, business development, executive management and other supporting personnel. It also includes professional fees for legal, audit, tax and consulting services. Stock-based compensation expense relates to the costs of stock option grants, RSU awards and our ESPP.
 
The following table provides information regarding our selling, general and administrative expenses during the periods indicated, including percent changes (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
 Sales and marketing
$
21,490

 
$
18,434

 
17%
 
$
69,437

 
$
56,422

 
23%
 General and administrative
9,780

 
10,810

 
(10)%
 
32,371

 
28,947

 
12%
 Stock-based compensation
5,044

 
6,066

 
(17)%
 
16,132

 
16,121

 
—%
    Total selling, general and administrative expenses
$
36,314

 
$
35,310

 
3%
 
$
117,940

 
$
101,490

 
16%
 % of total revenues
53
%
 
57
%
 
 
 
58
%
 
56
%
 
 
Note: to conform with the current presentation, our corporate communications activities were reclassified from general and administrative expense to sales and marketing expense, representing $0.3 million and $0.7 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively.
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 3% and 16% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to the same periods in 2015.

Sales and marketing expenses increased by 17% and 23% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2015, primarily due to an increase in our promotional spending for EXPAREL, which included educational initiatives and programs to create product awareness in key orthopedic and soft tissue surgical markets along with preparing for our oral maxillofacial market launch in September 2016. We also increased the number of our field-based sales personnel to better support and educate our customers, which resulted in $0.4 million and $1.8 million increases in salaries, benefits and other employee related costs, respectively, in these periods. The nine months ended September 30, 2016 also included a $7.1 million contract termination charge due to CrossLink, which was recognized in June 2016, and is payable quarterly over two years beginning in the fourth quarter of 2016.

General and administrative expenses decreased 10% in the three months ended September 30, 2016 and increased 12% in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to the same periods in 2015. Legal expenses decreased $2.9 million and $1.9 million, respectively, in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to the same periods in 2015, primarily due to the December 2015 amicable resolution of our lawsuit against the FDA, which was partially offset by $0.3 million and $1.0 million increases in patent costs to support our EXPAREL intellectual property strategy for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. Regulatory expenses increased by $0.4 million and $1.2 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2015, to support both the current commercial business and our product pipeline initiatives. Additionally, there were increases of $0.7 million and $1.5 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2015, in costs primarily to support business development and human resource initiatives, as well as the expansion of our New Jersey headquarters. Compensation and related expenses increased $0.4 million and $1.7 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, partly due to an increase in personnel.

Stock-based compensation decreased $1.0 million in the three month period ended September 30, 2016, compared to the same period in 2015, primarily due to the completed vesting in June 2016 of grants made in 2012, partially offset by stock options and RSUs granted in June 2016. Stock-based compensation expense for the nine month period ended September 30, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015 was consistent, primarily due to the aforementioned final vesting of a significant number of awards in the first half of the year, offset by increases in headcount and higher grant date fair values of new equity awards issued during 2016.

Other Income (Expense)
 
The following table provides the components of other income (expense) during the periods indicated, including percent changes (dollar amounts in thousands):

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Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
 Interest income
$
346

 
$
171

 
102%
 
$
923

 
$
504

 
83%
 Interest expense
(1,601
)
 
(1,905
)
 
(16)%
 
(5,203
)
 
(5,842
)
 
(11)%
 Royalty interest obligation
—

 
—

 
N/A
 
—

 
(71
)
 
(100)%
Loss on extinguishment of debt
—

 
—

 
N/A
 
—

 
(51
)
 
(100)%
 Other, net
(8
)
 
(8
)
 
—%
 
(8
)
 
(82
)
 
(90)%
      Total other expense, net
$
(1,263
)
 
$
(1,742
)
 
(27)%
 
$
(4,288
)
 
$
(5,542
)
 
(23)%

Total other expense, net decreased by 27% and 23% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2015, largely due to a decrease in interest expense arising from higher capitalized interest and an increase in interest income as a result of higher average investment returns. Expenses for our DepoCyt(e) royalty obligation and the loss on extinguishment of debt did not exist in 2016.

Income Tax Expense
 
The following table provides information regarding our income tax expense during the periods indicated, including percent changes (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
 Income tax expense
$
36

 
$
281

 
(87)%
 
$
126

 
$
372

 
(66)%
 Effective tax rate
0
%
 
8
%
 
 
 
0
%
 
8
%
 
 

Since our deferred tax assets are fully offset by a valuation allowance, our total income tax expense includes only current tax expense, which consists solely of state taxes. Because we are in a loss position, the effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 are both between 0% and -1%. The effective tax rates of 8% for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, reflect federal alternative minimum taxes as well as state income taxes.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Since our inception in December 2006, we have devoted most of our cash resources to manufacturing, research and development and selling, general and administrative activities related to the development and commercialization of EXPAREL. We are highly dependent on the commercial success of EXPAREL, which we launched in April 2012. We have financed our operations primarily with cash generated from product sales, the proceeds from the sale of equity and debt securities, borrowings under debt facilities and collaborative licensing and milestone revenue. As of September 30, 2016, we had an accumulated deficit of $342.3 million, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $161.1 million and working capital of $88.6 million.

Summary of Cash Flows
 
The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the periods indicated (in thousands):
 
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Data:
 
2016
 
2015
 Net cash provided by (used in):
 
 
 
 
 Operating activities
 
$
16,104

 
$
11,027

 Investing activities
 
(54,837
)
 
(26,552
)
 Financing activities
 
6,191

 
8,527

    Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
 
$
(32,542
)
 
$
(6,998
)
 

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Operating Activities
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, our net cash provided by operating activities was $16.1 million. Our operating loss of $34.0 million was more than offset by non-cash expenses of $36.6 million, including $23.5 million of stock-based compensation, $13.1 million of depreciation and amortization expense, and $13.5 million of funds provided by net changes in our operating assets and liabilities, including a $20.7 million inventory reserve partially offset by $5.1 million in prepayments for clinical trials.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, our net cash provided by operating activities was $11.0 million, which largely resulted from increased revenues and a significantly improved gross margin versus the same period in 2014. We had $4.4 million of net income plus $35.5 million in add backs of non-cash expenses, composed of $23.6 million of stock-based compensation and $11.8 million of depreciation and amortization, which were partially offset by a substantial investment in inventory of $26.9 million.
 
Investing Activities
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, our net cash used in investing activities was $54.8 million, which reflected $21.2 million of short-term investment purchases (net of maturities), purchases of fixed assets of $19.8 million and contingent consideration payments of $13.8 million related to the March 2007 acquisition of Skyepharma, including an $8.0 million milestone payment in connection with achieving $250.0 million of EXPAREL net sales collected on an annual basis. Major fixed asset purchases included continuing expenditures for expanding our manufacturing capacity in Swindon, England in partnership with Patheon.
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, our net cash used in investing activities was $26.6 million, which reflected purchases of fixed assets of $31.2 million and contingent consideration payments to Skyepharma of $5.1 million, partially offset by $9.8 million of short-term investment maturities, net of purchases. Major capital expenditures were for equipment purchases to expand our manufacturing capacity and our investment in our new research facility.

Financing Activities
 
Net cash provided by financing activities consisted of proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $5.2 million and $1.0 million from the issuance of shares under our employee stock purchase plan in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. In the nine months ended September 30, 2015, proceeds from the exercise of stock options were $8.8 million, and $1.2 million came from the issuance of shares under our employee stock purchase plan, which was partially offset by $1.5 million of cash used to settle a conversion of our senior notes.

Convertible Senior Notes

On January 23, 2013, we completed a private offering of $120.0 million in aggregate principal, 3.25% convertible senior notes due 2019, or Notes and entered into an indenture agreement, or Indenture, with respect to the Notes. The net proceeds from the Notes offering were $115.3 million, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions as well as offering expenses. The Notes accrue interest at a rate of 3.25% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, and mature on February 1, 2019. As of September 30, 2016, the outstanding principal on the Notes was $118.5 million.

 On or after August 1, 2018, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding February 1, 2019, holders may convert their Notes at any time. Upon conversion, holders will receive cash up to the principal amount of the Notes and, with respect to any excess conversion value, may receive cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our option. The conversion rate for the Notes is initially 40.2945 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $24.82 per share of our common stock. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment for some events (as outlined in the indenture governing the Notes, or the Indenture), but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. Additionally, during any given calendar quarter, the holders have the right to convert if our stock price closes at or above 130% of the conversion price then applicable (the “Consecutive Sales Price”) during a period of at least 20 out of the last 30 consecutive trading days of the previous quarter.

During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the requirements with respect to the Consecutive Sales Price were met and, as a result, the Notes are classified as a current obligation and are convertible at any time during the quarter ended December 31, 2016. The future convertibility and resulting balance sheet classification of the Notes will be monitored on a

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quarterly basis. Prior to August 1, 2017, in the event such requirements are not met in a given quarter, the Notes would be reclassified as a long-term liability. In the event of conversion, holders would forgo all future interest payments, any unpaid accrued interest and the possibility of further stock price appreciation. In the event that all of the Notes are converted, we would be required to repay the $118.5 million in principal value in cash and approximately $44.9 million of cash or issue approximately 1.3 million shares of our common stock (or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock at our option) to settle the conversion premium as of September 30, 2016, causing dilution to our current shareholders and/or significant expenditures of our cash and liquid securities.

In February 2015, we received notice of an election for conversion from one of the holders of the Notes. The principal amount of the conversion request was $1.5 million which was paid in cash in April 2015 pursuant to the terms of an indenture agreement with respect to the Notes. We elected to settle the conversion premium by issuing 44,287 shares of our common stock, calculated based on a daily volume-weighted average price over a 40 trading-day observation period which ended on April 8, 2015. We have completed other immaterial conversion requests.

On or after February 1, 2017, we may redeem for cash all or part of the Notes if the last reported sale price (as defined in the Indenture) of our common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading-day period, ending within five trading days prior to the date on which we provide notice of redemption. If we decide to call the Notes on or after February 1, 2017, we currently intend, subject to market conditions and the trading price of our common stock, to provide holders of the Notes with the maximum 60 day redemption notice provided for in the Indenture.

See Note 6, Debt, to our consolidated financial statements included herein for further discussion of the Notes.

Future Capital Requirements
 
We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and cash received from product sales will be sufficient to enable us to fund our operating expenses, capital expenditure requirements, payment of the principal on any conversions of the Notes and to service our indebtedness for at least the next 12 months.
Our future use of cash will depend on many forward-looking factors, including, but not limited to, the following:
•
our ability to successfully continue to expand the commercialization of EXPAREL;
•
the cost and timing of expanding our manufacturing facilities for EXPAREL and our other product candidates, including costs associated with certain technical transfer activities and the construction of manufacturing suites at Patheon’s Swindon, England facility;
•
the timing of and extent to which the holders of our Notes elect to convert the Notes;
•
the cost and timing of potential milestone payments to Skyepharma, which could be up to an aggregate of $36.0 million if certain milestones pertaining to net sales of DepoBupivacaine products, including EXPAREL, are met;
•
costs related to legal and regulatory issues;
•
the costs of performing additional clinical trials for EXPAREL and pipeline drug candidates, including DepoMLX and DepoTXA and the pediatric trials required by the FDA as a condition of approval, and costs of development for our other product candidates; and
•
the extent to which we acquire or invest in research and development, products, businesses and technologies.
We may require additional debt or equity financing to meet our future operating and capital requirements. We have no committed external sources of funds, and additional equity or debt financing may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2016, except for operating leases, nor do we have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our consolidated financial statements included herein for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements and their impact or future potential impact on our financial results, if

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determinable. For a description of critical accounting policies that affect our significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, refer to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
Revenue Recognition
Our principal sources of revenue include (i) sales of EXPAREL in the United States, (ii) sales of DepoCyt(e) to our commercial partners within the United States and Europe, (iii) royalties based on sales by commercial partners of DepoCyt(e) and (iv) license fees and milestone payments from third parties. We recognize revenue when there is persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, title has passed, collection is reasonably assured and the price is fixed or determinable.
Net Product Sales
We sell EXPAREL through a drop-ship program under which orders are processed through wholesalers based on orders of the product placed by end-users which include hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers and doctors. EXPAREL is delivered directly to the end-user without the wholesaler ever taking physical possession of the product. We record revenue at the time the product is delivered to the end-user. We also recognize revenue from DepoCyt(e) and other product sales upon shipment. Prior to the shipment of manufactured products, we conduct initial product release and stability testing in accordance with current Good Manufacturing Practices.
Revenues from sales of products are recorded net of returns allowances, prompt payment discounts, wholesaler service fees and volume rebates and chargebacks. The calculation of some of these items requires management to make estimates based on sales data, contracts, inventory data and other related information which may become known in the future. We review the adequacy of our provisions on a quarterly basis.
Returns Allowances
We allow customers to return product that is damaged or received in error. In addition, we allow EXPAREL to be returned beginning six months prior to, and twelve months following, product expiration. We estimate our sales returns reserve based on return history from other hospital-based products with similar distribution models and our historical returns rates, which we believe is the best estimate of the anticipated product to be returned. The returns reserve is recorded at the time of sale as a reduction to gross product sales and an increase in accrued expenses.

Our commercial partners can return DepoCyt(e) within contractually specified timeframes if the product does not meet the applicable inspection tests. We estimate our returns reserves based on our experience with historical return rates. Historically, our product returns have not been material.
Prompt Payment Discounts
The prompt payment reserve is based upon discounts offered to wholesalers as an incentive to meet certain payment terms. We accrue discounts to wholesalers based on contractual terms of agreements and historical experience. We account for these discounts at the time of sale as a reduction to gross product sales and a reduction to accounts receivable.
Wholesaler Service Fees
Our customers include major and regional wholesalers with whom we have contracted a fee for service based on a percentage of gross product sales. This fee for service is recorded as a reduction to gross product sales and an increase to accrued expenses at the time of sale, and is recorded based on the contracted percentage.
Volume Rebates and Chargebacks
Volume rebates and chargeback reserves are based upon contracted discounts and promotional offers we provide to certain end-users such as members of group purchasing organizations. Volume rebates are recorded at the time of sale as a reduction to gross product sales and an increase in accrued expenses. Chargeback reserves are recorded at the time of sale as a reduction to gross product sales and a reduction to accounts receivable.
The following tables provide a summary of activity with respect to our sales related allowances and accruals for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

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September 30, 2016
 
Returns Allowances
 
Prompt Payment Discounts
 
Wholesaler Service Fees
 
Volume
Rebates and
Chargebacks
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2015
 
$
1,733

 
$
625

 
$
745

 
$
797

 
$
3,900

Provision
 
506

 
3,978

 
3,016

 
1,587

 
9,087

Payments/Credits
 
(1,022
)
 
(4,073
)
 
(3,202
)
 
(1,657
)
 
(9,954
)
Balance at September 30, 2016
 
$
1,217

 
$
530

 
$
559

 
$
727

 
$
3,033

September 30, 2015
 
Returns Allowances
 
Prompt Payment Discounts
 
Wholesaler Service Fees
 
Volume
Rebates and
Chargebacks
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2014
 
$
1,559

 
$
575

 
$
588

 
$
321

 
$
3,043

Provision
 
256

 
3,535

 
2,548

 
1,317

 
7,656

Payments/Credits
 
(70
)
 
(3,512
)
 
(2,545
)
 
(1,002
)
 
(7,129
)
Balance at September 30, 2015
 
$
1,745

 
$
598

 
$
591

 
$
636

 
$
3,570

Total reductions of gross product sales from sales-related allowances and accruals were $9.1 million and $7.7 million, or 4.4% and 4.2% of gross product sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The overall increase in sales-related allowances and accruals was directly related to the increase in EXPAREL sales. The increase in the percentage of sales-related allowances and accruals for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily related to an increase in volume related rebates and a slight increase in wholesaler fees as a result of higher service rates.
Contractual Obligations
In October 2013, we entered into a five-year arrangement with CrossLink for the promotion and sale of EXPAREL, pursuant to the terms of a Master Distributor Agreement (as amended, the “Agreement”). On June 30, 2016, we provided notice to CrossLink electing to terminate the Agreement effective as of September 30, 2016. A $7.1 million termination fee based on a percentage of earned performance-based fees is due to CrossLink quarterly over two years, beginning in the fourth quarter of 2016. This fee was recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations.

In April 2014, we and Patheon entered into a Strategic Co-Production Agreement and Technical Transfer and Service Agreement to collaborate in the manufacture of EXPAREL. Under the terms of the Technical Transfer and Service Agreement, Patheon has agreed to undertake certain technical transfer activities and construction services needed to prepare its Swindon, England facility for the manufacture of EXPAREL in two dedicated manufacturing suites. Upon an early termination of this agreement (other than termination by us in the event that Patheon does not meet the construction and manufacturing milestones or for a breach by Patheon), we will pay for the make good costs occasioned by the removal of our manufacturing equipment and for Patheon’s termination costs.
Potential future milestone payments to Skyepharma could be up to an aggregate of $36.0 million if certain milestones pertaining to net sales of EXPAREL are met, including $32.0 million when annual net sales of EXPAREL collected reach $500.0 million (measured on a rolling quarterly basis) and $4.0 million upon the first commercial sale in a major European Union country. An $8.0 million milestone payment for achieving $250.0 million of annual EXPAREL net sales collected was made in September 2016. This contingency is described further in Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, of our consolidated financial statements included herein.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
The primary objective of our cash equivalent and investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing the income that we receive from our investments without significantly increasing risk. We invest in corporate bonds, commercial paper and asset-backed securities, which are reported at fair value. These securities are subject to interest rate risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the principal amount of the investment to fluctuate. For example, if we hold a security that was issued with a fixed interest rate at the then-prevailing rate and the interest rate later rises, we expect that the fair value of our investment will decline. A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have reduced the fair value of our available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2016 by approximately $0.6 million.

In January 2013, we issued $120.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.25% convertible senior notes, which mature in February 2019. Holders may convert their Notes prior to maturity under certain circumstances. Upon conversion, holders will receive cash up to the principal amount of the Notes and, with respect to any excess conversion value, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares, at our option. The fair value of the Notes is impacted by both the fair value

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of our common stock and interest rate fluctuations. As of September 30, 2016, the estimated fair value of the Notes was $1,514 per $1,000 principal amount. See Note 6, Debt, to our consolidated financial statements included herein for further discussion of the Notes.
 
Most of our transactions are conducted in United States dollars. We do have certain agreements with commercial partners located outside the United States which have transactions conducted in Euros. As of September 30, 2016, we had approximately $0.5 million in receivables from customers denominated in Euros. A hypothetical 10% decrease in the value of the Euro relative to the United States dollar would have decreased our revenue by less than $0.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2016.

Additionally, our accounts receivable are concentrated with three large regional wholesalers of pharmaceutical products. In the event of non-performance or non-payment, there may be a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations or net cash flow.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and our Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. As defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2016.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2016 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and our Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of controls effectiveness to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.




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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we have been and may again become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. Except as described below, we are not presently a party to any litigation or legal proceedings that we believe to be material and we are not aware of any pending or threatened litigation against us that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows.
In April 2015, we received a subpoena from the U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of New Jersey, requiring the production of a broad range of documents pertaining to marketing and promotional practices related to EXPAREL. We are cooperating with the government’s inquiry. We can make no assurances as to the time or resources that will need to be devoted to this inquiry or its final outcome, or the impact, if any, of this inquiry or any proceedings on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, cash flows or future results. There have been no material changes in our risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
 Not applicable.

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.

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Item 6. EXHIBITS
 
The exhibits listed below are filed or furnished as part of this report.
Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
 
 
31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as amended.*
 
 
 
31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as amended.*
 
 
 
32.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
 
 
 
32.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
 
 
 
101
 
The following materials from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 2016, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss); (iv) the Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (vi) the Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.*

*                                     Filed herewith.

**                              Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(REGISTRANT)
 
 
 
Dated:
November 2, 2016
/s/ DAVID STACK
 
 
David Stack
 
 
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
 
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
Dated:
November 2, 2016
/s/ CHARLES A. REINHART, III
 
 
Charles A. Reinhart, III
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
(Principal Financial Officer)


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