Document
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2018
 
OR
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from     to
 
Commission File Number: 001-35060
 
 
paciralogoa13.jpg
PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
 
 
Delaware
 
51-0619477
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
 Identification No.)
 
 
 
5 Sylvan Way, Suite 300
Parsippany, New Jersey, 07054
(Address and Zip Code of Principal Executive Offices)
 
 
 
(973) 254-3560
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes  o No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files.) x Yes  o No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x
 
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o
 
Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Emerging growth company o
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). o Yes  x No
 
As of October 28, 2018, 41,114,217 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, were outstanding.

Table of Contents

PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
 
Page #
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Table of Contents

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
September 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
ASSETS
 

 

Current assets:
 

 
 

     Cash and cash equivalents
$
230,941

 
$
54,126

     Short-term investments
155,468

 
257,221

     Accounts receivable, net
34,266

 
31,658

     Inventories, net
44,884

 
41,411

     Prepaid expenses and other current assets
6,490

 
6,694

          Total current assets
472,049

 
391,110

Long-term investments
—

 
60,047

Fixed assets, net
110,063

 
107,046

Goodwill
62,040

 
55,197

Equity investment
14,146

 
14,146

Other assets
747

 
825

          Total assets
$
659,045

 
$
628,371

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 

 
 

Current liabilities:
 

 
 

     Accounts payable
$
13,795

 
$
14,658

     Accrued expenses and current portion of deferred revenue
40,359

 
41,159

     Convertible senior notes
334

 
324

     Income taxes payable
35

 
76

          Total current liabilities
54,523

 
56,217

Convertible senior notes
286,893

 
276,173

Other liabilities
16,363

 
16,498

          Total liabilities
357,779

 
348,888

Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)


 


Stockholders’ equity:
 

 
 

     Preferred stock, par value $0.001; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding at
September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017
—

 
—

     Common stock, par value $0.001; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 41,061,181 shares issued and
outstanding at September 30, 2018; 40,668,877 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017
41

 
41

     Additional paid-in capital
697,977

 
669,032

     Accumulated deficit
(396,511
)
 
(389,136
)
     Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(241
)
 
(454
)
          Total stockholders’ equity
301,266

 
279,483

          Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
659,045

 
$
628,371

 
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

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PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Revenues:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

     Net product sales
$
82,708

 
$
66,951

 
$
237,713

 
$
205,515

     Collaborative licensing and milestone revenue
—

 
26

 
3,000

 
361

     Royalty revenue
740

 
358

 
1,450

 
1,676

          Total revenues
83,448

 
67,335

 
242,163

 
207,552

Operating expenses:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

     Cost of goods sold
19,065

 
18,228

 
62,866

 
66,621

     Research and development
14,897

 
11,775

 
41,514

 
47,262

     Selling, general and administrative
44,179

 
40,644

 
132,619

 
122,316

     Product discontinuation
1,259

 
260

 
1,511

 
4,754

          Total operating expenses
79,400

 
70,907

 
238,510

 
240,953

Income (loss) from operations
4,048

 
(3,572
)
 
3,653

 
(33,401
)
Other (expense) income:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

     Interest income
1,586

 
1,068

 
4,493

 
2,805

     Interest expense
(5,642
)
 
(5,127
)
 
(16,195
)
 
(12,942
)
     Loss on early extinguishment of debt
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3,732
)
     Other, net
(694
)
 
79

 
(699
)
 
169

          Total other expense, net
(4,750
)
 
(3,980
)
 
(12,401
)
 
(13,700
)
Loss before income taxes
(702
)
 
(7,552
)
 
(8,748
)
 
(47,101
)
     Income tax benefit (expense)
62

 
(45
)
 
(8
)
 
(105
)
Net loss
$
(640
)
 
$
(7,597
)
 
$
(8,756
)
 
$
(47,206
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss per share:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

     Basic and diluted net loss per common share
$
(0.02
)
 
$
(0.19
)
 
$
(0.21
)
 
$
(1.19
)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
     Basic and diluted
40,995

 
40,463

 
40,833

 
39,540

 
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

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PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net loss
$
(640
)
 
$
(7,597
)
 
$
(8,756
)
 
$
(47,206
)
Other comprehensive income (loss):


 
 

 
 

 
 

Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments
305

 
(3
)
 
213

 
(37
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
305

 
(3
)
 
213

 
(37
)
Comprehensive loss
$
(335
)
 
$
(7,600
)
 
$
(8,543
)
 
$
(47,243
)
 
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018

(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Accumulated
Deficit
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
 
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2017
40,669

 
$
41

 
$
669,032

 
$
(389,136
)
 
$
(454
)
 
$
279,483

Cumulative effect adjustment of the adoption
of Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 (Note 2)
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,361

 
—

 
1,361

Cumulative effect adjustment of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2018-07 (Note 2)
—

 
—

 
(20
)
 
20

 
—

 
—

Exercise of stock options
207

 
—

 
4,474

 
—

 
—

 
4,474

Vested restricted stock units
150

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Shares issued under employee stock
purchase plan
35

 
—

 
952

 
—

 
—

 
952

Stock-based compensation
—

 
—

 
23,539

 
—

 
—

 
23,539

Net unrealized gain on investments
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
213

 
213

Net loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
(8,756
)
 
—

 
(8,756
)
Balance at September 30, 2018
41,061

 
$
41

 
$
697,977

 
$
(396,511
)
 
$
(241
)
 
$
301,266

 
See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

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PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
 (In thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
(Note 2)
Operating activities:
 

 
 

Net loss
$
(8,756
)
 
$
(47,206
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
 

 
 

     Depreciation of fixed assets
9,114

 
10,174

     Amortization of unfavorable lease obligation and debt issuance costs
1,186

 
884

     Amortization of debt discount
9,512

 
7,365

     Loss on early extinguishment of debt
—

 
3,732

     Loss on disposal of fixed assets
10

 
2,139

     Stock-based compensation
23,539

 
23,407

     Loss on unexercised investment purchase option
854

 
—

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 

 
 

     Accounts receivable, net
(2,265
)
 
2,916

     Inventories, net
(3,473
)
 
(7,834
)
     Prepaid expenses and other assets
(1,412
)
 
3,734

     Accounts payable
(1,400
)
 
2,898

     Accrued expenses and income taxes payable
(71
)
 
1,644

     Other liabilities
812

 
(2,999
)
          Net cash provided by operating activities
27,650

 
854

Investing activities:
 

 
 

     Purchases of fixed assets
(12,271
)
 
(14,190
)
     Purchases of investments
(182,750
)
 
(436,017
)
     Sales of investments
345,602

 
223,962

     Payment of contingent consideration
(6,842
)
 
(6,219
)
          Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
143,739

 
(232,464
)
Financing activities:
 

 
 

     Proceeds from exercise of stock options
4,474

 
5,304

     Proceeds from shares issued under employee stock purchase plan
952

 
1,056

     Proceeds from 2022 convertible senior notes
—

 
345,000

     Repayment of 2019 convertible senior notes
—

 
(118,193
)
     Payment of debt issuance and financing costs
—

 
(11,000
)
     Costs for conversions of convertible senior notes
—

 
(285
)
          Net cash provided by financing activities
5,426

 
221,882

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
176,815

 
(9,728
)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
54,126

 
35,944

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
$
230,941

 
$
26,216

Supplemental cash flow information:
 

 
 

     Cash paid for interest
$
4,108

 
$
6,896

     Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds
$
146

 
$
133

Non-cash investing and financing activities:
 
 
 
     Issuance of common stock from conversion of 2019 convertible senior notes
$
—

 
$
120,960

     Retirement of equity component of 2019 convertible senior notes
$
—

 
$
(126,328
)
     Net increase (decrease) in accrued fixed assets
$
(130
)
 
$
3,054

See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
 
NOTE 1—DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
 
Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company” or “Pacira”) is a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on the development, manufacture and commercialization of pharmaceutical products, based on its proprietary DepoFoam® extended release drug delivery technology, for use primarily in hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers. Pacira is committed to driving innovation in postsurgical pain management by improving patient outcomes through the use of opioid-reducing strategies.

The Company’s lead product, EXPAREL® (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension), which consists of bupivacaine encapsulated in DepoFoam, was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, on October 28, 2011 and launched commercially in April 2012. The Company also sells its bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension product to a commercial partner to serve animal health indications.
Pacira is subject to risks common to companies in similar industries and stages of development, including, but not limited to, competition from larger companies, reliance on revenue from one product, reliance on a single manufacturing site, new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, reliance on third-party service providers and sole source suppliers, protection of proprietary technology and compliance with government regulations.
NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
 
These interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or GAAP, and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, for interim reporting. Pursuant to these rules and regulations, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in complete annual financial statements have been condensed or omitted. Therefore, these interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited annual consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
 
The condensed consolidated financial statements at September 30, 2018, and for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, are unaudited, but include all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the financial information set forth herein in accordance with GAAP. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2017 is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. The consolidated financial statements as presented reflect certain reclassifications from previously issued financial statements to conform to the current year presentation. The accounts of wholly-owned subsidiaries are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
The results of operations for these interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim periods or for the full year.

Concentration of Major Customers
 
The Company sells EXPAREL through a drop-ship program under which orders are processed through wholesalers (including AmerisourceBergen Health Corporation, Cardinal Health, Inc. and McKesson Drug Company), but shipments of the product are sent directly to individual accounts, such as hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers and individual doctors. The Company also sells EXPAREL directly to ambulatory surgical centers and physicians. The table below includes the percentage of sales processed by the Company’s three largest wholesalers in each period presented:

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Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 Largest wholesaler
34%
 
34%
 
34%
 
35%
 Second largest wholesaler
30%
 
30%
 
30%
 
29%
 Third largest wholesaler
26%
 
26%
 
26%
 
26%
     Total
90%
 
90%
 
90%
 
90%
 
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and subsequently issued a number of amendments to this update. The new standard, as amended in Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 606, provides a single comprehensive model to be used in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes previous revenue recognition guidance. The standard’s stated core principle is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.
 
The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method and recorded a cumulative effect adjustment of $1.4 million to accumulated deficit upon adoption—with the impact related to the acceleration of $1.0 million of deferred revenue and $0.4 million of royalties. Under the modified retrospective method of adoption, the comparative information in the consolidated financial statements has not been revised and continues to be reported under the previously applicable revenue accounting guidance, ASC 605. The implementation of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations because the timing of revenue recognition for EXPAREL product sales did not change. The Company is recognizing existing collaborative licensing, milestone and royalty revenue earlier, subject to the variable consideration constraints, than it would have under the previous standard. If ASC 605 had been applied to each of the first three quarters of 2018, deferred revenue would have been $1.0 million higher on the consolidated balance sheet, with $0.1 million in accrued expenses and current portion of deferred revenue and $0.9 million in other liabilities. Under ASC 605, royalty revenue and accounts receivable for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 would have been lower by $0.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively.

For additional information regarding the Company’s revenue, see Note 3, Revenue.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. ASU 2016-01 changes accounting for equity investments and presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 does not apply to equity investments in consolidated subsidiaries or those accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Equity investments with readily determinable fair values will be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income (loss). Entities have the option to measure equity investments without readily determinable fair values either at fair value or at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The standard also simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. When a qualitative assessment indicates that impairment exists, an entity is required to measure the investment at fair value. ASU 2016-01 became effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2018. The Company has elected to measure equity investments without readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment and adjusted for changes in observable prices when available. The guidance related to equity investments without readily determinable fair values is being applied prospectively to the Company’s investment in TELA Bio, Inc. The adoption of ASU 2016-01 may increase volatility in the Company’s net income (loss) as changes in observable prices of equity investments without readily determinable fair values will be recorded in net income (loss). The implementation of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Refer to Note 8, Financial Instruments, for further information on the Company’s financial instruments.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which clarifies existing guidance on how companies present and classify certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows by addressing specific cash flow issues in an effort to reduce diversity in practice, including guidance on debt prepayment or extinguishment costs and contingent consideration payments made after a business

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combination. ASU 2016-15 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018 and did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of cash flows.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which aligns accounting for share-based payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718, with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equity-based payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 505-50, Equity—Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees. The Company chose to early adopt ASU 2018-07 in June 2018 and recorded a cumulative effect adjustment of less than $0.1 million to accumulated deficit upon adoption.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Adopted as of September 30, 2018

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and subsequently issued clarifications and corrections to the update by issuing ASU 2018-10 in July 2018. This update requires lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under previous authoritative guidance. Upon adoption, the lease liability will be equal to the present value of future lease payments and a right-of-use, or ROU, asset will be based on the lease liability, subject to adjustment for items such as initial direct costs. For income statement purposes, the new standard retains a dual model similar to ASC 840, requiring leases to be classified as either operating or financing. Operating leases will continue to result in straight-line expense while financing leases will result in a front-loaded expense pattern (similar to current accounting guidance by lessees for operating and capital leases, respectively, under ASC 840).
There are a number of practical expedients available to the Company at transition. The transition practical expedients are that the Company may elect to not re-assess: (i) whether its contracts contain a lease under the new definition, (ii) the classification of those leases and (iii) the accounting for any initial direct costs previously incurred. In addition, the Company may apply hindsight in determining the lease terms on its existing leases and any potential impairments that may exist on the ROU assets to be recognized at adoption, and the Company may elect to not recognize an ROU asset and lease liability for those leases with a remaining lease term of 12 months or less.
Upon adoption, ROU assets and lease liabilities will be recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The lease liability recognized upon adoption will be based upon the present value of the sum of the remaining minimum lease payments (as previously identified under ASC 840) and any amounts probable of being owed under a residual value guarantee (if applicable), to be determined using the discount rate then in effect. The interest rate will be based on the Company’s ability to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar remaining term and in a similar economic environment. The ROU asset to be recorded will be based on the lease liability and adjusted for any prepaid or accrued lease payments, the remaining balance of any lease incentives, the unamortized initial direct costs and impairments (if applicable).
The standard is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019. The Company has the option to adopt the new standard using one of two methods: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented with a cumulative effect adjustment recognized at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented, or at the beginning of the period of adoption through a cumulative-effect adjustment. If the latter method is elected, the ROU assets and lease liabilities will be reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements only for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019.
The Company continues to evaluate the impact of ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements. The recognition of lease liabilities and corresponding ROU assets will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The Company does not believe the adoption of this standard will have a significant impact on its consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity or cash flows. Refer to Note 13, Commitments and Contingencies, for further information on the Company’s existing leases.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Entities will now use forward-looking information to better form their credit loss estimates. This update also requires enhanced disclosures to help financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity’s portfolio. This standard will become effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-13 on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework. The purpose of the update is to improve the effectiveness of the fair value measurement disclosures that allows for clear

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communication of information that is most important to the users of financial statements. There were certain required disclosures that have been removed or modified. In addition, the update added the following disclosures: (i) changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income (loss) for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and (ii) the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. The standard will become effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company will continue to evaluate the impact of ASU 2018-13 on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40: Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract, which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The update provides guidance to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as they relate to the service contract and which costs to expense. In addition, the update further defines the term of the hosting arrangement to include the non-cancelable period of the arrangement plus periods covered by (i) an option to extend the arrangement if the customer is reasonably certain to exercise that option, (ii) an option to terminate the arrangement if the customer is reasonably certain not to exercise the termination option and (iii) an option to extend (or not to terminate) the arrangement in which exercise of the option is in the control of the vendor. Any expense related to the capitalized implementation costs should be recorded in the same financial statement line item in the consolidated statements of operations as the fees associated with the hosting element of the arrangement, and the payments for capitalized implementation costs should be classified in the same manner as payments made for fees associated with the hosting element in the consolidated statements of cash flows. This standard will become effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020. The amendments may be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2018-15 on its consolidated financial statements.
Other pronouncements issued by the FASB or other authoritative accounting standards groups with future effective dates are either not applicable or not significant to the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

NOTE 3—REVENUE

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company’s sources of revenue include (i) sales of EXPAREL in the U.S.; (ii) sales of its bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension product for use in animal health indications in the U.S.; (iii) royalties based on sales of its bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension product for use in animal health indications and (iv) license fees and milestone payments. The majority of the Company’s revenue is derived from sales of EXPAREL. The Company does not consider revenue from other product sales, collaborative licensing, milestones and royalties to be material sources of its consolidated revenue. As such, the following disclosure only relates to revenue associated with net EXPAREL product sales.

Net Product Sales

The Company sells EXPAREL through a drop-ship program under which orders are processed through wholesalers based on orders of the product placed by end-users which include hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers and doctors. EXPAREL is delivered directly to the end-user without the wholesaler ever taking physical possession of the product. Product revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods are transferred to the customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring those goods. EXPAREL revenue is recorded at the time the product is delivered to the end-user.

Revenues from sales of products are recorded net of returns allowances, prompt payment discounts, wholesaler service fees, volume rebates and chargebacks. These reserves are based on estimates of the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales. These amounts are treated as variable consideration, estimated and recognized as a reduction of the transaction price at the time of the sale, using the most likely amount method for the gross to net adjustments, except for returns, which is based on the expected value method. The Company includes these estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized for such transaction will not occur, or when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. The calculation of some of these items requires management to make estimates based on sales data, historical return data, contracts and other related information that may become known in the future. The adequacy of these provisions is reviewed on a quarterly basis.




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Accounts Receivable

The majority of accounts receivable arise from product sales and represent amounts due from wholesalers, hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers and doctors. Payment terms generally range from zero to 37 days from the date of the transaction, and accordingly, there is no significant financing component.

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied.
 
At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods promised in its contracts with customers and identifies a performance obligation for each promise to transfer to the customer a good that is distinct. When identifying individual performance obligations, the Company considers all goods promised in the contract regardless of whether explicitly stated in the customer contract or implied by customary business practices. The Company’s contracts with customers require it to transfer an individual distinct product, which represents a single performance obligation. The Company’s performance obligation with respect to its product sales are satisfied at a point in time, which transfers control upon delivery of EXPAREL to its customers. The Company considers control to have transferred upon delivery because the customer has legal title to the asset, physical possession of the asset has been transferred, the customer has significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset and the Company has a present right to payment at that time.

Disaggregated Revenue

The following table represents disaggregated net product sales in the periods presented as follows (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 Net product sales:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      EXPAREL
$
82,226

 
$
66,780

 
$
236,690

 
$
204,254

      Other product sales
482

 
171

 
1,023

 
1,261

 Total net product sales
$
82,708

 
$
66,951

 
$
237,713

 
$
205,515


NOTE 4—INVENTORIES
 
The components of inventories are as follows (in thousands):
 
September 30,
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Raw materials
$
16,329

 
$
16,500

Work-in-process
12,013

 
8,371

Finished goods
16,542

 
16,540

     Total
$
44,884

 
$
41,411



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NOTE 5—FIXED ASSETS

Fixed assets, summarized by major category, consist of the following (in thousands):
 
September 30,
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Machinery and laboratory equipment
$
60,408

 
$
39,002

Leasehold improvements
53,126

 
34,933

Computer equipment and software
8,085

 
7,086

Office furniture and equipment
1,420

 
1,603

Construction in progress
44,531

 
73,632

        Total
167,570

 
156,256

Less: accumulated depreciation
(57,507
)
 
(49,210
)
        Fixed assets, net
$
110,063

 
$
107,046


For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, depreciation expense was $3.5 million and $3.4 million, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, capitalized interest on the construction of manufacturing sites was less than $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, depreciation expense was $9.1 million and $10.2 million, respectively. For the both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, capitalized interest on the construction of manufacturing sites was $0.7 million.

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, total fixed assets, net, includes leasehold improvements and manufacturing process equipment located in England in the amount of $65.1 million and $59.8 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company placed into service $35.7 million of the leasehold improvements and manufacturing process equipment located in England.

NOTE 6—GOODWILL

In March 2007, the Company acquired from SkyePharma Holding, Inc. (now a subsidiary of Vectura Group plc), or Skyepharma, its California operating subsidiary (the “Skyepharma Acquisition”). The Company’s goodwill arose from contingent milestone and earn-out payments to Skyepharma in connection with the Skyepharma Acquisition. The Skyepharma Acquisition was accounted for under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 141, Accounting for Business Combinations, which was the effective GAAP standard at the acquisition date. In connection with the Skyepharma Acquisition, the Company agreed to certain earn-out payments as well as milestone payments for DepoBupivacaine products, including EXPAREL, as follows:
 
(i)
$10.0 million upon the first commercial sale in the United States (met April 2012);
(ii)
$4.0 million upon the first commercial sale in a major E.U. country (United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy and Spain);
(iii)
$8.0 million when annual net sales collected reach $100.0 million (met September 2014);
(iv)
$8.0 million when annual net sales collected reach $250.0 million (met June 2016); and
(v)
$32.0 million when annual net sales collected reach $500.0 million.

For purposes of meeting future potential milestone payments, with certain exceptions, annual net sales are measured on a rolling quarterly basis. As part of the Skyepharma Acquisition, the Company agreed to pay certain earn-out payments based on a percentage of net sales of DepoBupivacaine products collected, including EXPAREL, for the term during which such sales were covered by a valid claim in certain patent rights related to EXPAREL and other biologics products. The last patents during which a valid claim existed expired on September 18, 2018. Any remaining payments will be treated as additional costs of the Skyepharma Acquisition and, therefore, recorded as goodwill if and when each contingency is resolved.








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The change in the carrying value of goodwill is summarized as follows (in thousands):
 
Carrying Value
Balance at December 31, 2017
$
55,197

Percentage payments on collections of net sales of DepoBupivacaine products
6,843

Balance at September 30, 2018
$
62,040

 
NOTE 7—DEBT

Convertible Senior Notes Due 2022

On March 13, 2017, the Company completed a private placement of $345.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 2.375% convertible senior notes due 2022, or 2022 Notes, and entered into an indenture, or 2022 Indenture, with respect to the 2022 Notes. The 2022 Notes accrue interest at a fixed rate of 2.375% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year. The 2022 Notes mature on April 1, 2022.

The total debt composition of the 2022 Notes is as follows (in thousands):
 
September 30,
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
2.375% convertible senior notes due 2022
$
345,000

 
$
345,000

Deferred financing costs
(6,265
)
 
(7,482
)
Discount on debt
(51,842
)
 
(61,345
)
     Total debt, net of debt discount and deferred financing costs
$
286,893

 
$
276,173


The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2022 Notes were $334.0 million, after deducting commissions and the offering expenses paid by the Company. A portion of the net proceeds from the 2022 Notes were used by the Company to repurchase the majority of its then-outstanding 3.25% convertible senior notes due 2019 in privately-negotiated transactions.

Holders may convert their 2022 Notes prior to October 1, 2021 only if certain circumstances are met, including if during the previous calendar quarter, the last reported sales price of the Company’s common stock was greater than 130% of the conversion price then applicable for at least 20 out of the last 30 consecutive trading days of the quarter. During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, this condition for conversion was not met.

On or after October 1, 2021, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding April 1, 2022, holders may convert their 2022 Notes at any time.

Upon conversion, holders will receive the principal amount of their 2022 Notes and any excess conversion value, calculated based on the per share volume-weighted average price for each of the 40 consecutive trading days during the observation period (as more fully described in the 2022 Indenture). For both the principal and excess conversion value, holders may receive cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s option. The initial conversion rate for the 2022 Notes is 14.9491 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of $66.89 per share of the Company’s common stock. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. The initial conversion price of the 2022 Notes represents a premium of approximately 37.5% to the closing sale price of $48.65 per share of the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on March 7, 2017, the date that the Company priced the private offering of the 2022 Notes.

As of September 30, 2018, the 2022 Notes had a market price of $1,063 per $1,000 principal amount. In the event of conversion, holders would forgo all future interest payments, any unpaid accrued interest and the possibility of stock price appreciation. Upon the receipt of conversion requests, the settlement of the 2022 Notes will be paid pursuant to the terms of the 2022 Indenture. In the event that all of the 2022 Notes are converted, the Company would be required to repay the $345.0 million in principal value and any conversion premium in any combination of cash and shares of its common stock (at the Company’s option).

Prior to April 1, 2020, the Company may not redeem the 2022 Notes. On or after April 1, 2020, the Company may redeem for cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the

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Company’s option, all or part of the 2022 Notes if the last reported sale price (as defined in the 2022 Indenture) of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading-day period ending within five trading days prior to the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption. The redemption price will equal the sum of (i) 100% of the principal amount of the 2022 Notes being redeemed, plus (ii) accrued and unpaid interest, including additional interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. In addition, calling the 2022 Notes for redemption will constitute a “make whole fundamental change” (as defined in the 2022 Indenture) and will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of such notes if it is converted in connection with the redemption. No sinking fund is provided for the 2022 Notes.

While the 2022 Notes are currently classified on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2018 as long-term debt, the future convertibility and resulting balance sheet classification of this liability will be monitored at each quarterly reporting date and will be analyzed dependent upon market prices of the Company’s common stock during the prescribed measurement periods. In the event that the holders of the 2022 Notes have the right to convert the 2022 Notes at any time during the prescribed measurement period, the 2022 Notes would then be considered a current obligation and classified as such.

Under ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, an entity must separately account for the liability and equity components of convertible debt instruments (such as the 2022 Notes) that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost. The liability component of the instrument is valued in a manner that reflects the market interest rate for a similar nonconvertible instrument at the date of issuance. The initial carrying value of the liability component of $274.1 million was calculated using a 7.45% assumed borrowing rate. The equity component of $70.9 million, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 2022 Notes and was recorded in additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheet at the issuance date. That equity component is treated as a discount on the liability component of the 2022 Notes, which is amortized over the five-year term of the 2022 Notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.
 
The Company allocated the total transaction costs of $11.0 million related to the issuance of the 2022 Notes to the liability and equity components of the 2022 Notes based on their relative values. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component are amortized to interest expense over the five-year term of the 2022 Notes, and transaction costs attributable to the equity component are netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity.

Convertible Senior Notes Due 2019
 
On January 23, 2013, the Company completed a private placement of $120.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.25% convertible senior notes due 2019, or 2019 Notes. The 2019 Notes accrue interest at a fixed rate of 3.25% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The 2019 Notes mature on February 1, 2019.

The total debt composition of the 2019 Notes is as follows (in thousands):
 
September 30,
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
3.25% convertible senior notes due 2019
$
338

 
$
338

Deferred financing costs
(1
)
 
(2
)
Discount on debt
(3
)
 
(12
)
     Total debt, net of debt discount and deferred financing costs
$
334

 
$
324


In March 2017, the Company used part of the net proceeds from the issuance of the 2022 Notes discussed above to repurchase $117.7 million aggregate principal of the 2019 Notes in privately-negotiated transactions for an aggregate of approximately $118.2 million in cash and the issuance of an aggregate of approximately 2.5 million shares of common stock. The partial repurchase of the 2019 Notes resulted in a $3.7 million loss on early debt extinguishment. In May 2017, the Company repurchased $0.5 million aggregate principal of the 2019 Notes in a privately-negotiated transaction for an aggregate of approximately $0.5 million in cash and the issuance of an aggregate of approximately 10,000 shares of common stock.

The 2019 Notes are convertible at any time. As of September 30, 2018, the 2019 Notes had a market price of $1,985 per $1,000 principal amount, compared to an estimated conversion value of $1,980 per $1,000 principal amount. In the event that the remaining 2019 Notes are converted, the Company would be required to repay approximately $0.3 million of principal

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value in cash and settle approximately $0.3 million of the conversion premium in cash, common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at the Company’s option as of September 30, 2018.

Interest Expense

The following table sets forth the total interest expense recognized in the periods presented (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Contractual interest expense
$
2,051

 
$
2,051

 
$
6,153

 
$
5,293

Amortization of debt issuance costs
411

 
393

 
1,219

 
984

Amortization of debt discount
3,228

 
3,003

 
9,512

 
7,365

Capitalized interest and other (Note 5)
(48
)
 
(320
)
 
(689
)
 
(700
)
        Total
$
5,642

 
$
5,127

 
$
16,195

 
$
12,942

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effective interest rate on convertible senior notes
7.81
%
 
7.81
%
 
7.81
%
 
7.75
%

NOTE 8—FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 
Fair Value Measurements
 
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction. To increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements, the FASB established a three-level hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of fair value measurements are:
 
•
Level 1—Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.

•
Level 2—Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets, but corroborated by market data.

•
Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs.

The carrying value of financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their respective fair values due to the short-term nature of these items. The fair value of the Company’s convertible senior notes at September 30, 2018 are calculated utilizing market quotations from an over-the-counter trading market for these instruments (Level 2). The carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s convertible senior notes are as follows (in thousands):
Financial Liabilities Carried at Historical Cost
 
Carrying Value
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
September 30, 2018
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
2.375% convertible senior notes due 2022 (1)
 
$
286,893

 
$
—

 
$
366,563

 
$
—

3.25% convertible senior notes due 2019 (2)
 
$
334

 
$
—

 
$
671

 
$
—


(1) The closing price of the Company’s common stock was $49.15 per share at September 30, 2018 compared to a conversion price of $66.89 per share. Currently, the conversion price is above the stock price. The maximum conversion premium that can be due on the 2022 Notes is approximately 5.2 million shares of the Company’s common stock, which assumes no increases in the conversion rate for certain corporate events.

(2) The closing price of the Company’s common stock was $49.15 per share at September 30, 2018 compared to a conversion price of $24.82 per share which, if converted, would result in a conversion premium of less than 10,000 shares of the Company’s common stock or $0.3 million of cash. The maximum conversion premium that can be due on the 2019 Notes is approximately 10,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, which assumes no increases in the conversion rate for certain corporate events.

Short-term investments consist of asset-backed securities collateralized by credit card receivables, investment grade commercial paper and corporate bonds with maturities greater than three months, but less than one year. Long-term investments consist of asset-backed securities collateralized by credit card receivables and corporate bonds with maturities greater than one year. Net unrealized gains and losses from the Company’s short-term and long-term investments are reported in other

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comprehensive income (loss). At September 30, 2018, all of the Company’s short-term investments are classified as available for sale investments and are determined to be Level 2 instruments, which are measured at fair value using standard industry models with observable inputs. The fair value of the commercial paper is measured based on a standard industry model that uses the three-month U.S. Treasury bill rate as an observable input. The fair value of the asset-backed securities and corporate bonds is principally measured or corroborated by trade data for identical issues in which related trading activity is not sufficiently frequent to be considered a Level 1 input or that of comparable securities. At September 30, 2018, all short-term investments were rated A or better by Standard & Poor’s.
 
The following summarizes the Company’s investments at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands): 
September 30, 2018 Debt Securities
 
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
(Level 2)
Short-term:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Asset-backed securities
 
$
32,565

 
$
—

 
$
(72
)
 
$
32,493

   Commercial paper
 
16,154

 
—

 
(2
)
 
16,152

   Corporate bonds
 
106,990

 
2

 
(169
)
 
106,823

         Total
 
$
155,709

 
$
2

 
$
(243
)
 
$
155,468

December 31, 2017 Debt Securities
 
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
(Level 2)
Short-term:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Asset-backed securities
 
$
28,338

 
$
—

 
$
(37
)
 
$
28,301

   Commercial paper
 
48,999

 
—

 
(23
)
 
48,976

   Corporate bonds
 
180,119

 
—

 
(175
)
 
179,944

      Subtotal
 
257,456

 
—

 
(235
)
 
257,221

Long-term:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Asset-backed securities
 
23,836

 
—

 
(79
)
 
23,757

   Corporate bonds
 
36,430

 
—

 
(140
)
 
36,290

      Subtotal
 
60,266

 
—

 
(219
)
 
60,047

         Total
 
$
317,722

 
$
—

 
$
(454
)
 
$
317,268

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination, and long-lived assets, which would be recognized at fair value if deemed to be impaired or if reclassified as assets held for sale. The fair value in these instances would be determined using Level 3 inputs.
TELA Bio, Inc.
In October 2017, the Company made a cash investment of $15.0 million in Series B Preferred Stock of TELA Bio Inc., or TELA Bio, a privately-held surgical reconstruction company that markets its proprietary OviTexTM portfolio of products for ventral hernia repair and abdominal wall reconstruction. In conjunction with its investment in TELA Bio, the Company acquired an option to purchase an additional $10.0 million of Series B Preferred Stock under the same terms and conditions as existed on the initial purchase date.
The investment in TELA Bio and the purchase option were recorded at fair value based on integrated valuation pricing models. As of December 31, 2017, the equity investment in the TELA Bio Series B Preferred Stock was recorded at $14.1 million and the purchase option was recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets at $0.9 million. The purchase option expired unexercised on September 15, 2018. Accordingly, the Company recorded a loss of $0.9 million on the unexercised purchase option, which was recorded in other income (expense) in its consolidated statements of operations in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Credit Risk
 
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, long-term investments and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents with high-credit quality financial institutions. Such amounts may exceed federally-insured limits.


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 As of September 30, 2018, three wholesalers each accounted for over 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable, at 34%, 31% and 27%, respectively. At December 31, 2017, three wholesalers each accounted for over 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable, at 35%, 30% and 27%, respectively. For additional information regarding the Company’s wholesalers, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. Revenues are primarily derived from major wholesalers and pharmaceutical companies that generally have significant cash resources. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers as warranted and generally does not require collateral. Allowances for doubtful accounts receivable are maintained based on historical payment patterns, aging of accounts receivable and the Company’s actual write-off history. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, no allowances for doubtful accounts were deemed necessary by the Company on its accounts receivable.

NOTE 9—STOCK PLANS
 
Stock-Based Compensation
 
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense in the periods presented as follows (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Cost of goods sold
 
$
1,179

 
$
1,502

 
$
3,431

 
$
4,272

Research and development
 
1,122

 
824

 
2,770

 
2,128

Selling, general and administrative
 
5,807

 
6,337

 
17,338

 
17,007

        Total
 
$
8,108

 
$
8,663

 
$
23,539

 
$
23,407

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation from:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    Stock options (employee awards)
 
$
5,270

 
$
6,310

 
$
16,452

 
$
17,968

    Stock options (consultant awards)
 
209

 
36

 
449

 
118

    Restricted stock units (employee awards)
 
2,479

 
2,161

 
6,088

 
4,772

    Employee stock purchase plan
 
150

 
156

 
550

 
549

        Total
 
$
8,108

 
$
8,663

 
$
23,539

 
$
23,407


Equity Awards

The following tables contain information about the Company’s stock option and restricted stock unit, or RSU, activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:
Stock Options
 
 Number of Options
 
 Weighted Average Exercise Price
 Outstanding at December 31, 2017
 
4,951,493

 
$
43.51

     Granted
 
1,838,762

 
38.51

     Exercised
 
(207,337
)
 
21.58

     Forfeited
 
(413,950
)
 
42.48

     Expired
 
(303,999
)
 
65.81

 Outstanding at September 30, 2018
 
5,864,969

 
41.63

Restricted Stock Units
 
 Number of Units
 
 Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2017
 
499,546

 
$
47.32

     Granted
 
329,929

 
38.32

     Vested
 
(149,982
)
 
49.78

     Forfeited
 
(81,658
)
 
44.16

Unvested at September 30, 2018
 
597,835

 
42.18


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The weighted average fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $18.90 per share. The fair values of stock options granted were estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following weighted average assumptions:
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Expected dividend yield
 
None
Risk-free interest rate
 
2.78%
Expected volatility
 
53.2%
Expected term of options
 
5.15 years

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company’s 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP, features two six-month offering periods per year, running from January 1 to June 30 and July 1 to December 31. Under the ESPP, employees may elect to contribute after-tax earnings to purchase shares at 85% of the closing fair market value of the Company’s common stock on either the offering date or the purchase date, whichever is less. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, 34,985 shares were purchased and issued under the ESPP.

NOTE 10—STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
The following table illustrates the changes in the balances of the Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented (in thousands):
 
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
Net unrealized gains (losses) from available for sale investments:
 
2018
 
2017
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
(454
)
 
$
(30
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
213

 
(37
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 
—

 
—

Balance at end of period
 
$
(241
)
 
$
(67
)

NOTE 11—NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares include the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, the vesting of RSUs and the purchase of shares from the ESPP (using the treasury stock method) as well as the conversion of the excess conversion value on the 2022 Notes. As discussed in Note 7, Debt, the Company has the option to pay cash for the aggregate principal amount due upon the conversion of its 2022 Notes. Since it is the Company’s intent to settle the principal amount of its 2022 Notes in cash, the potentially dilutive effect of such notes on net income (loss) per share is computed under the treasury stock method. The Company must settle the principal of its 2019 Notes in cash and also intends to settle any conversion premium in cash.
Potential common shares are excluded from the diluted net income (loss) per share computation to the extent they would be antidilutive. Because the Company reported a net loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, no potentially dilutive securities have been included in the computation of diluted net loss per share for those periods.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

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Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Net loss
$
(640
)
 
$
(7,597
)
 
$
(8,756
)
 
$
(47,206
)
Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Weighted average common shares outstanding
40,995

 
40,463

 
40,833

 
39,540

Net loss per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Basic and diluted net loss per common share
$
(0.02
)
 
$
(0.19
)
 
$
(0.21
)
 
$
(1.19
)

The following outstanding stock options, RSUs, conversion premiums on the Company’s convertible senior notes and ESPP purchase options are antidilutive in the periods presented (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Weighted average number of stock options
5,988

 
5,405

 
5,392

 
5,203

Weighted average number of RSUs
618

 
549

 
528

 
426

Conversion premium on the 2019 Notes
—

 
5

 
—

 
546

Weighted average ESPP purchase options
29

 
22

 
32

 
32

      Total
6,635

 
5,981

 
5,952

 
6,207


NOTE 12—INCOME TAXES

Income (loss) before income taxes is as follows (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Income (loss) before income taxes:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Domestic
$
1,839

 
$
(6,867
)
 
$
(7,382
)
 
$
(45,136
)
   Foreign
(2,541
)
 
(685
)
 
(1,366
)
 
(1,965
)
      Total loss before income taxes
$
(702
)
 
$
(7,552
)
 
$
(8,748
)
 
$
(47,101
)

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of less than $0.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018. The Company recorded income tax expense of less than or equal to $0.1 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The tax provision for 2018 reflects alternative minimum tax (AMT) credit refunds receivable pursuant to Public Law No. 115-97 (formerly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act), offset by current state income taxes. Due to net operating losses, or NOLs, carried forward to 2018 and the repeal of the corporate minimum tax, no current federal income tax expense was recorded for 2018. The tax provision for 2017 reflects current state income taxes. Due to net taxable losses, no current federal income tax expense was recorded in 2017. The utilization of the Company’s NOLs has not resulted in any deferred federal tax expense because there was a full valuation allowance recorded with respect to the NOLs.

NOTE 13—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
Leases

The Company leases its EXPAREL manufacturing, research and development, warehouse and DepoCyt(e) facilities in San Diego, California, and its corporate headquarters in Parsippany, New Jersey.

As of September 30, 2018, aggregate annual minimum payments due under the Company’s lease obligations are as follows (in thousands):

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Year
 
Aggregate Minimum Payments Due
2018 (remaining three months)
 
$
2,002

2019
 
8,089

2020
 
7,570

2021
 
5,245

2022
 
5,366

2023 through 2028
 
19,577

    Total
 
$
47,849


Litigation

From time to time, the Company has been and may again become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of its business, including those related to patents, product liability and government investigations. Except as described below, the Company is not presently a party to any legal proceedings which it believes to be material, and is not aware of any pending or threatened litigation against the Company which it believes could have a material adverse effect on its business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows.

In April 2015, the Company received a subpoena from the U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of New Jersey, requiring the production of a broad range of documents pertaining to marketing and promotional practices related to EXPAREL. The Company is cooperating with the government’s inquiry. The Company can make no assurances as to the time or resources that will need to be devoted to this inquiry or its final outcome, or the impact, if any, of this inquiry or any proceedings on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

NOTE 14—COMMERCIAL PARTNERS AND OTHER AGREEMENTS

DepoCyt(e) Discontinuation

In June 2017, the Company’s board of directors approved a decision to discontinue all future production of DepoCyt® (U.S. and Canada) and DepoCyte® (European Union) due to persistent technical issues specific to the DepoCyt(e) manufacturing process. As of June 30, 2017, the Company had ceased all production of DepoCyt(e).

In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded non-recurring charges of $1.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively, related to the discontinuation of its DepoCyt(e) manufacturing activities for lease costs, asset retirement obligations and other estimated exit costs. The charges incurred in 2018 represent additional lease and facility costs due to the fact that the Company has not been able to sub-lease the property considering the short period of time remaining on the Company’s existing lease.
In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded non-recurring charges of $0.3 million and $5.3 million, respectively, related to the discontinuation of its DepoCyt(e) manufacturing activities, including $0.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively, for DepoCyt(e) related inventory, which is recorded in cost of goods sold. The remaining components of the charge consisted of $0.2 million and $4.7 million, respectively, for the remaining lease costs less an estimate of potential sublease income for the facility where DepoCyt(e) was manufactured, the write-off of property, plant and equipment, employee severance, asset retirement obligations and other estimated exit costs.
As of September 30, 2018, a summary of the Company’s costs and reserves related to the DepoCyt(e) discontinuation are as follows (in thousands):
 
Lease Costs
 
Asset Retirement Obligations and Other Discontinuation Costs
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2017
$
1,274

 
$
236

 
$
1,510

Charges incurred
1,468

 
43

 
1,511

Cash payments made
(993
)
 
(81
)
 
(1,074
)
Other
120

 
16

 
136

Balance at September 30, 2018
$
1,869

 
$
214

 
$
2,083



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In April 2018, the Company received formal notice of the termination of a Supply Agreement and a Distribution Agreement (and all related agreements as subsequently amended) from Mundipharma International Corporation Limited and Mundipharma Medical Company, respectively. The Company may be required to make additional payments or incur additional costs relating to the DepoCyt(e) discontinuation which could be material to the Company’s results of operations and/or cash flows in a given period.
Nuance Biotech Co. Ltd.

In June 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with Nuance Biotech Co. Ltd., or Nuance, a China-based specialty pharmaceutical company, to advance the development and commercialization of EXPAREL in China. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company agreed to be the sole supplier of EXPAREL to Nuance and has granted Nuance the exclusive rights to develop and commercialize EXPAREL in China. The Company received an upfront payment of $3.0 million in July 2018 and is eligible to receive future milestone payments of up to $60.0 million that are triggered by filing for and securing regulatory approval(s) and annual sales in China exceeding certain levels. The Company is also entitled to tiered royalties as a percentage of net sales.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and certain other communications made by us contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, including statements about our growth and future operating results, discovery and development of products, strategic alliances and intellectual property. For this purpose, any statement that is not a statement of historical fact should be considered a forward-looking statement. We often use the words “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” and similar expressions to help identify forward-looking statements. We cannot assure you that our estimates, assumptions and expectations will prove to have been correct. These forward-looking statements include, among others, statements about: the success of our sales and manufacturing efforts in support of the commercialization of EXPAREL®(bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension); the rate and degree of market acceptance of EXPAREL; the size and growth of the potential markets for EXPAREL and our ability to serve those markets; our plans to expand the use of EXPAREL to additional indications and opportunities, and the timing and success of any related clinical trials; the related timing and success of United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, supplemental New Drug Applications, or sNDA; the outcome of the U.S. Department of Justice, or DOJ, inquiry; the Company’s plans to evaluate, develop and pursue additional DepoFoam®-based product candidates; clinical trials in support of an existing or potential DepoFoam-based product; our commercialization and marketing capabilities and the ability of the Company and Patheon UK Limited, or Patheon, to successfully and timely construct dedicated EXPAREL manufacturing suites. Important factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated or implied by forward-looking statements. We undertake no intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, and readers should not rely on the forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these statements. These factors include items mentioned herein and the matters discussed and referenced in Part I-Item 1A. “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and in other reports as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC.
Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “Pacira,” “we,” the “Company,” “us” and “our” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q refer to Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its subsidiaries. In addition, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to DepoCyt(e) mean DepoCyt® when discussed in the context of the United States and Canada and DepoCyte® when discussed in the context of the European Union, or E.U.

Overview
Pacira is committed to driving innovation in postsurgical pain management by improving patient outcomes through the use of opioid-reducing strategies. Our product pipeline is based on our proprietary DepoFoam extended release drug delivery technology, for use primarily in hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers. EXPAREL, an opioid free, amide-type local anesthetic, is currently indicated for single-dose infiltration in adults to produce postsurgical local analgesia and as an interscalene brachial plexus nerve block to produce postsurgical regional analgesia. Since its initial approval in 2011 for single-dose infiltration, more than four million patients have been treated with EXPAREL. We drop-ship EXPAREL directly to the end-user based on orders placed to wholesalers or directly to us, and there is no product held by wholesalers.

We expect to continue to incur significant expenses as we pursue the expanded use of EXPAREL in additional procedures; progress our earlier-stage product candidate pipeline; advance regulatory activities for EXPAREL and other product candidates; invest in sales and marketing resources; expand and enhance our manufacturing capacity for EXPAREL; invest in products, businesses and technologies and support legal matters.

EXPAREL
Interscalene brachial plexus block

Nerve block is a general term used to refer to the injection of local anesthetic onto a nerve or bundle of nerves for regional pain control. Traditionally, nerve blocks are single injections of short-acting anesthetics and as a result, have a limited duration of action. When extended pain management is required, a catheter has been used to deliver bupivacaine continuously using an external pump. EXPAREL is designed to provide extended pain management using a single injection.

Brachial plexus blocks are emerging as a mainstay of postsurgical pain control for upper extremity procedures. We believe the use of EXPAREL as an interscalene brachial plexus block offers the opportunity to:

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•provide an alternative to catheters and pumps by turning off pain at the surgical site;
•further engage the anesthesiologist audience; and
•shift inpatient procedures to ambulatory surgery centers.

In April 2018, we announced that the FDA approved our sNDA to broaden the use of EXPAREL to include administration via interscalene brachial plexus block to produce postsurgical regional analgesia. With this approval, EXPAREL is the first long-acting, single-dose nerve block available for patients undergoing upper extremity surgeries, such as total shoulder arthroplasty or rotator cuff repair. The sNDA approval was based on positive data from a Phase 3 study of EXPAREL in brachial plexus block for shoulder surgeries, in which EXPAREL demonstrated statistical significance relative to placebo for the primary endpoint of cumulative pain scores over 48 hours as measured by the area under the curve (P<0.0001). EXPAREL also achieved statistical significance versus placebo for the study’s key secondary endpoints as follows: total postsurgical opioid consumption through 48 hours (P<0.0001); opioid-free subjects through 48 hours (P<0.01) and time to first opioid rescue through 48 hours (P<0.0001).
Phase 4 Trials

We are investing in Phase 4 trials in key surgical procedures with EXPAREL as the foundation of a multimodal analgesic regimen to generate new data and best-practice administration techniques for enhancements or alternative uses of EXPAREL. We are currently enrolling a study in cesarean section, and we are preparing to initiate trials in hip fracture and spine surgeries.

In surgical settings where we are seeing positive outcomes for EXPAREL as part of an enhanced recovery after surgery, or ERAS, protocol (such as colorectal and breast reconstruction procedures), we are investing in training around the protocol and collecting real-world data on the standard-of-care without EXPAREL compared to an EXPAREL-based ERAS protocol. Our Phase 4 strategy also supports clinician education on procedure-specific best-practice care for improved patient outcomes and customer satisfaction within our approved indications.

Pediatrics
The Pediatric Research Equity Act requires pharmaceutical companies to study their products in children for the same use for which they are approved in adults. There is no long-lasting local anesthetic approved for use in children under the age of 12, meaning that pediatric patients currently have no approved alternatives to opioids for the management of severe postsurgical pain and are in need of additional pain control options.

We are working with the FDA to advance programs for infiltration as well as nerve block in the pediatric setting. We have completed our first pharmacokinetic and safety study in children aged 12 to 17 undergoing corrective spine surgery and have submitted our protocol to the FDA for an extended pharmacokinetic and safety study that will include children aged 6 to 17 who are undergoing cardiovascular or spine surgeries.

Product Pipeline

We are focused on becoming a premier provider of innovative non-opioid pain management and regenerative health solutions through a three-pronged approach:

•First, given the safety profile and flexibility of our DepoFoam platform, we are advancing a development plan for intrathecal delivery of a non-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain. This program is underway with EXPAREL, as well as other local anesthetic and novel active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) products.

•Second, we have several DepoFoam-based products in preclinical development, including DepoMeloxicam, a long-acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Following data readouts from animal and other feasibility studies for these candidates, we will determine the best programs to advance into the clinic.

•Third, business development where our team is selectively evaluating opportunities in orthopedic surgery, osteoarthritis and additional products and technologies of interest to surgeons and anesthesiologists.


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Table of Contents

Results of Operations
 
Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017
 
Revenues

Net product sales primarily consist of sales of EXPAREL in the U.S. Other product sales include sales of our bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension to a third party licensee for use in animal health indications and sales of Depocyt(e) to third party licensees in the U.S. and Europe prior to the discontinuation of DepoCyt(e) production in June 2017. Licensing, milestone and royalty revenues are from our collaborative licensing agreements.
 
The following table provides information regarding our revenues during the periods indicated, including percent changes (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 Net product sales:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      EXPAREL
$
82,226

 
$
66,780

 
23%
 
$
236,690

 
$
204,254

 
16%
      Other product sales
482

 
171

 
100% +
 
1,023

 
1,261

 
(19)%
 Total net product sales
82,708

 
66,951

 
24%
 
237,713

 
205,515

 
16%
 Collaborative licensing and milestone revenue
—

 
26

 
(100)%
 
3,000

 
361

 
100% +
 Royalty revenue
740

 
358

 
100% +
 
1,450

 
1,676

 
(13)%
      Total revenues
$
83,448

 
$
67,335

 
24%
 
$
242,163

 
$
207,552

 
17%
 
EXPAREL revenue grew 23% and 16% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, versus 2017, respectively, primarily due to increases in sales volumes of 29% and 21%, respectively, offset primarily by a shift in EXPAREL product sizes. The demand for EXPAREL has continued to increase as a result of the expansion of the EXPAREL label in April 2018 to include brachial plexus nerve block and the success of our co-promotion agreement with DePuy Synthes Sales, Inc., or DePuy Synthes, which are driving growth in new and existing accounts due to the continued adoption of EXPAREL as a critical component of multimodal pain management strategies for soft tissue and orthopedic procedures.

Other product sales increased over 100% in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same period in 2017, due to an increase in sales of our bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension to Aratana Therapeutics, Inc., or Aratana, for use in animal health indications. Other product sales decreased 19% in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same period in 2017, primarily due to the discontinuation of DepoCyt(e) in June 2017, partially offset by an increase in sales of our bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension to Aratana.

Royalty revenue in the three months ended September 30, 2018 primarily reflects royalties earned on sales to Aratana. Royalty revenue decreased 13% in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same period in 2017, primarily due to the discontinuation of DepoCyt(e), partially offset by increased royalties from Aratana.

The increase in collaborative licensing and milestone revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was the result of a $3.0 million upfront payment earned under a license agreement with Nuance Biotech Co. Ltd. for the development and commercialization of EXPAREL in China.

The following tables provide a summary of activity with respect to our sales related allowances and accruals for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):
September 30, 2018
 
Returns Allowances
 
Prompt Payment Discounts
 
Wholesaler Service Fees
 
Volume
Rebates and
Chargebacks
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2017
 
$
821

 
$
657

 
$
839

 
$
696

 
$
3,013

Provision
 
500

 
4,873

 
3,719

 
4,493

 
13,585

Payments/Credits
 
(715
)
 
(4,827
)
 
(3,806
)
 
(4,353
)
 
(13,701
)
Balance at September 30, 2018
 
$
606

 
$
703

 
$
752

 
$
836

 
$
2,897


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Table of Contents

September 30, 2017
 
Returns Allowances
 
Prompt Payment Discounts
 
Wholesaler Service Fees
 
Volume
Rebates and
Chargebacks
 
Total
Balance at December 31, 2016
 
$
1,346

 
$
595

 
$
735

 
$
1,124

 
$
3,800

Provision
 
536

 
4,200

 
3,182

 
3,015

 
10,933

Payments/Credits
 
(923
)
 
(4,229
)
 
(3,314
)
 
(3,265
)
 
(11,731
)
Balance at September 30, 2017
 
$
959

 
$
566

 
$
603

 
$
874

 
$
3,002

Total reductions of gross product sales from sales-related allowances and accruals were $13.6 million and $10.9 million, or 5.4% and 5.1% of gross product sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The overall increase in sales-related allowances and accruals as a percentage of gross product sales was directly related to an increase in discounting driven by higher volume from customers with discount contracts.
Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold primarily relates to the costs to produce, package and deliver our products to customers. These expenses include labor, raw materials, manufacturing overhead and occupancy costs, depreciation of facilities, royalty payments, quality control and engineering.
 
The following table provides information regarding our cost of goods sold and gross margin during the periods indicated, including percent changes (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 Cost of goods sold
$
19,065

 
$
18,228

 
5%
 
$
62,866

 
$
66,621

 
(6)%
 Gross margin
77
%
 
73
%
 
 
 
74
%
 
68
%
 
 

The improvements in our gross margins for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus 2017 were primarily due to lower manufacturing costs per vial resulting from increased utilization of our facilities to manufacture EXPAREL, impacting gross margins by approximately 4% in both periods. In addition, gross margins improved by 2% in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017 as a result of scrapped lots of DepoCyt(e) that were expensed in the first half of 2017 before the manufacture of the product was discontinued in June 2017.
Research and Development Expenses
 
Research and development expenses primarily consist of costs related to clinical trials and related outside services, product development and other research and development costs, including Phase 4 trials that we are conducting to generate new data and best-practice administration techniques for EXPAREL and stock-based compensation expenses. Clinical development expenses include costs for clinical personnel, clinical trials performed by third-party contract research organizations, materials and supplies, database management and other third-party fees. Product development and other research and development expenses include development costs for our products and medical information expenses, which include personnel, equipment, materials and contractor costs for process development and product candidates, toxicology studies, development costs related to significant scale-ups of our manufacturing capacity, facility costs for our research space and regulatory activities related to unapproved products and indications. Stock-based compensation expense relates to the costs of stock option grants to employees and non-employees, awards of restricted stock units, or RSUs, and our employee stock purchase plan, or ESPP.

The following table provides information regarding our research and development expenses during the periods indicated, including percent changes (dollar amounts in thousands):

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Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Clinical development
$
3,869

 
$
6,301

 
(39)%
 
$
12,832

 
$
29,738

 
(57)%
Product development and other
9,906

 
4,650

 
100% +
 
25,912

 
15,396

 
68%
Stock-based compensation
1,122

 
824

 
36%
 
2,770

 
2,128

 
30%
     Total research and development expense
$
14,897

 
$
11,775

 
27%
 
$
41,514

 
$
47,262

 
(12)%
 % of total revenues
18
%
 
17
%
 
 
 
17
%
 
23
%
 
 
 
Total research and development expense increased 27% and decreased 12% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus 2017, respectively.

The decreases in clinical development expense in both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus 2017 are primarily due to the prior completion of our two Phase 3 trials evaluating EXPAREL as a single-dose nerve block for prolonged regional analgesia. Enrollment in these studies concluded in June 2017. There were also decreases in costs related to the completion of product-related bioequivalence trials. The decreases in clinical development expense were partially offset by increased costs related to investigator initiated studies to generate new data for EXPAREL in the three months ended September 30, 2018 versus 2017 along with increased clinical personnel. In the nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus 2017, the decrease was partially offset by costs supporting our sNDA submission for nerve block, expenses related to an FDA Anesthetic and Analgesic Drug Products Advisory Committee (AADPAC) meeting held in February 2018 and increased clinical personnel.

Product development and other expenses increased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same periods in 2017 due to development costs related to a significant scale-up of our manufacturing capacity for EXPAREL in Swindon, England in partnership with Patheon, additional expenditures for DepoMLX as well as increased regulatory expense related to EXPAREL in certain territories not yet approved (including the E.U.) and indications and products currently in development.

Stock-based compensation increased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus 2017, respectively, primarily due to an increase in personnel as well as the number of awards granted in the second half of 2017 and the first half of 2018.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of compensation and benefits for our sales force and personnel that support our sales, marketing, medical and scientific affairs operations, commission payments to our marketing partners for the promotion and sale of EXPAREL, expenses related to communicating health outcome benefits of EXPAREL and educational programs for our customers. General and administrative expenses consist of compensation and benefits for legal, finance, regulatory activities related to approved products and indications, compliance, information technology, human resources, business development, executive management and other supporting personnel. It also includes professional fees for legal, audit, tax and consulting services. Stock-based compensation expense relates to the costs of stock option grants, RSU awards and our ESPP.
 
The following table provides information regarding our selling, general and administrative expenses during the periods indicated, including percent changes (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 Sales and marketing
$
27,354

 
$
24,557

 
11%
 
$
79,595

 
$
72,344

 
10%
 General and administrative
11,018

 
9,750

 
13%
 
35,686

 
32,965

 
8%
 Stock-based compensation
5,807

 
6,337

 
(8)%
 
17,338

 
17,007

 
2%
    Total selling, general and administrative expense
$
44,179

 
$
40,644

 
9%
 
$
132,619

 
$
122,316

 
8%
 % of total revenues
53
%
 
60
%
 
 
 
55
%
 
59
%
 
 
 

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Total selling, general and administrative expenses increased 9% and 8% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus 2017, respectively.

Sales and marketing expenses increased 11% and 10% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same periods in 2017, respectively. In 2018, we expanded our public affairs campaign focused on driving policy change to improve patient access to non-opioid treatment options. There were also increases in selling and promotional activities to support the growth of EXPAREL, including additional sales representatives focused on the outpatient market, initiatives and commissions related to our co-promotion agreement with DePuy Synthes and additional marketing spend for the commercial launch of EXPAREL as a brachial plexus nerve block which is expected to continue during the remainder of 2018. We are continuing our marketing investment in EXPAREL—including educational initiatives and programs to create product awareness within key surgical markets. We also continue to support multiple educational programs related to the impact of opioids and postsurgical pain management and our national advocacy campaign to educate patients about non-opioid treatment options.

General and administrative expenses increased 13% and 8% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus 2017, respectively. The increase in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus 2017 was primarily due to an increase in business development activities. The increase in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus 2017 also included an increase in legal expenditures related to a DOJ subpoena received in April 2015.

Stock-based compensation decreased 8% in the three month period ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017, primarily due to an increase in open positions, partially offset by accelerated stock-based compensation expense that occurred in the third quarter of 2018. Stock-based compensation increased 2% in the nine month period ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017, primarily due to additional awards granted and accelerated stock-based compensation expense.

Product Discontinuation Expenses
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Product discontinuation
$
1,259

 
$
260

 
100% +
 
$
1,511

 
$
4,754

 
(68)%

In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded non-recurring charges of $1.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively, related to the discontinuation of our DepoCyt(e) manufacturing activities for lease costs, asset retirement obligations and other estimated exit costs. The charges incurred in 2018 represent additional lease and facility costs due the fact that we have not been able to sub-lease the property considering the short period of time remaining on our existing lease.
In the three months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded a charge of $0.3 million related to the discontinuation of our DepoCyt(e) manufacturing activities, including $0.1 million for related inventory which was recorded in cost of goods sold. The remaining $0.2 million related to asset retirement obligations and other estimated exit costs. In the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the total charge was $5.3 million, of which $0.6 million was for related inventory recorded in cost of goods sold, $1.9 million for lease costs less an estimate of potential sub-lease income, $1.9 million for the write-off of fixed assets and $0.9 million relating to employee severance, asset retirement obligations and other product discontinuation costs.

Other Income (Expense)
The following table provides the components of other income (expense) during the periods indicated, including percent changes (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 Interest income
$
1,586

 
$
1,068

 
49%
 
$
4,493

 
$
2,805

 
60%
 Interest expense
(5,642
)
 
(5,127
)
 
10%
 
(16,195
)
 
(12,942
)
 
25%
 Loss on early extinguishment of debt
—

 
—

 
N/A
 
—

 
(3,732
)
 
(100)%
 Other, net
(694
)
 
79

 
N/A
 
(699
)
 
169

 
N/A
      Total other expense, net
$
(4,750
)
 
$
(3,980
)
 
19%
 
$
(12,401
)
 
$
(13,700
)
 
(9)%

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Total other expense, net increased 19% in the three months ended September 30, 2018 versus 2017 primarily due to a $0.9 million loss on an unexercised purchase option related to an investment which expired on September 15, 2018 and an increase in amortization of debt discount related to our $345.0 million of 2.375% convertible senior notes due 2022, or 2022 Notes, which was offset by a commensurate increase in interest income due to higher overall returns on our investments.

Total other expense, net decreased by 9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus the same period in 2017 due to a $3.7 million loss on early extinguishment of debt in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 arising from the repurchase of $118.2 million of our 3.25% convertible senior notes due in 2019, or 2019 Notes. Interest income increased $1.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as a result of additional proceeds from the 2022 Notes, and interest expense increased $3.3 million due to the 2022 Notes issuance. Also included in other, net was the $0.9 million loss on the unexercised purchase option.

Income Tax Benefit (Expense)
 
The following table provides information regarding our income tax benefit (expense) during the periods indicated, including percent changes (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
  % Increase / (Decrease)
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 Income tax benefit (expense)
$
62

 
$
(45
)
 
N/A
 
$
(8
)
 
$
(105
)
 
(92)%
 Effective tax rate
0
%
 
0
%
 
 
 
0
%
 
0
%
 
 

Our income tax benefit was less than $0.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018 versus income tax expense of less than $0.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017. Income tax expense was less than or equal to $0.1 million in the nine months ended both September 30, 2018 and 2017. The income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 reflects alternative minimum tax (AMT) credit refunds receivable pursuant to Public Law No. 115-97 (formerly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act), offset by current state income taxes. Due to net operating losses carried forward to 2018 and the repeal of the corporate minimum tax, no current federal income tax expense was recorded for 2018. The tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 reflects current state income taxes. Due to net taxable losses in 2017, no current federal income tax expense was recorded in that year. Since our deferred tax assets are fully offset by a valuation allowance, income tax expense does not reflect deferred tax expenses.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Since our inception in December 2006, we have devoted most of our cash resources to manufacturing, research and development and selling, general and administrative activities related to the development and commercialization of EXPAREL. We are highly dependent on the commercial success of EXPAREL, which we launched in April 2012. We have financed our operations primarily with cash generated from product sales, the proceeds from the sale of equity and debt securities, borrowings under debt facilities and collaborative licensing and milestone revenue. As of September 30, 2018, we had an accumulated deficit of $396.5 million, cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $386.4 million and working capital of $417.5 million.

Summary of Cash Flows
 
The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the periods indicated (in thousands):
 
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Data:
 
2018
 
2017
 Net cash provided by (used in):
 
 
 
 
 Operating activities
 
$
27,650

 
$
854

 Investing activities
 
143,739

 
(232,464
)
 Financing activities
 
5,426

 
221,882

    Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 
$
176,815

 
$
(9,728
)
 

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Operating Activities
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash provided by operating activities was $27.7 million compared to $0.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase of $26.8 million was primarily attributable to a 16% increase in net product sales of EXPAREL, partially offset by the associated increased commissions related to our co-promotion agreement with DePuy Synthes, increased spending for our expanded public affairs campaign focused on driving policy change to improve patient access to non-opioid treatment options and increased legal expenditures. The overall increase in operating cash flows was also offset by an increase in working capital, primarily due to the increase in receivables from increased sales of EXPAREL along with an increase in work-in-process inventory to support an increase in demand.

Investing Activities
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash provided by investing activities was $143.7 million, which reflected $162.9 million of short-term and long-term investment maturities (net of purchases), partially offset by purchases of fixed assets of $12.3 million and contingent consideration payments of $6.8 million related to the March 2007 acquisition of the California operating subsidiary of Skyepharma Holding, Inc. (now a subsidiary of Vectura Group plc), or Skyepharma. Major fixed asset purchases included continuing expenditures for expanding our EXPAREL manufacturing capacity in Swindon, England in partnership with Patheon and facility upgrades at our Science Center Campus in San Diego, California.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net cash used in investing activities was $232.5 million, which reflected $212.1 million of short-term and long-term investment purchases (net of maturities) primarily from the net proceeds of the 2022 Notes, purchases of fixed assets of $14.2 million and contingent consideration payments of $6.2 million related to the March 2007 acquisition of Skyepharma. Major fixed asset purchases included continuing expenditures for expanding our EXPAREL manufacturing capacity in Swindon, England in partnership with Patheon and facility upgrades at our Science Center Campus in San Diego, California.

Financing Activities
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash provided by financing activities was $5.4 million, which consisted of proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $4.5 million and $1.0 million from the issuance of shares under our ESPP.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net cash provided by financing activities was $221.9 million, which consisted of proceeds from the issuance of the 2022 Notes of $345.0 million, partially offset by $11.0 million of debt issuance and financing costs. In addition, a portion of the net proceeds from the 2022 Notes was used to retire $118.2 million in principal of the 2019 Notes and for $0.3 million in related costs. Proceeds from the exercise of stock options were $5.3 million and proceeds from the issuance of shares under our ESPP were $1.1 million.

2022 Convertible Senior Notes

On March 13, 2017, we completed a private placement of $345.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 2022 Notes, and entered into an indenture, or 2022 Indenture, with respect to the 2022 Notes. The 2022 Notes accrue interest at a fixed rate of 2.375% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year. The 2022 Notes mature on April 1, 2022. At September 30, 2018, the outstanding principal on the 2022 Notes was $345.0 million.

On or after October 1, 2021, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding April 1, 2022, holders may convert their 2022 Notes at any time. Upon conversion, holders will receive the principal amount of their 2022 Notes and any excess conversion value. For both the principal and excess conversion value, holders may receive cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our option. The initial conversion rate for the 2022 Notes is 14.9491 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $66.89 per share of our common stock. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest.

Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding October 1, 2021, holders may convert the 2022 Notes under certain circumstances, including if during any given calendar quarter, our stock price closes at or above 130% of the conversion price then applicable during a period of at least 20 out of the last 30 consecutive trading days of the previous quarter.


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While the 2022 Notes are currently classified on our consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2018 as long-term debt, the future convertibility and resulting balance sheet classification of this liability will be monitored at each quarterly reporting date and will be analyzed dependent upon market prices of our common stock during the prescribed measurement periods. In the event that the holders of the 2022 Notes have the right to convert the 2022 Notes at any time during the prescribed measurement period, the 2022 Notes would then be considered a current obligation and classified as such.

Prior to April 1, 2020, we may not redeem the 2022 Notes. On or after April 1, 2020, we may redeem for cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our option, all or part of the 2022 Notes if the last reported sale price (as defined in the 2022 Indenture) of our common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading-day period ending within five trading days prior to the date on which we provide notice of redemption.

See Note 7, Debt, to our condensed consolidated financial statements included herein for further discussion of the 2022 Notes and our other indebtedness.

Future Capital Requirements
We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and cash received from product sales will be sufficient to enable us to fund our operating expenses, capital expenditure requirements, payment of the principal on any conversions of our 2022 Notes and to service our indebtedness through at least November 1, 2019. Our future use of operating cash and capital requirements will depend on many forward-looking factors, including, but not limited to, the following:
•
our ability to successfully continue to expand the commercialization of EXPAREL;
•
the cost and timing of expanding our manufacturing facilities for EXPAREL and other product candidates, including costs associated with certain technical transfer activities and the construction of an additional manufacturing suite at Patheon’s facility;
•
the timing of and extent to which the holders of our 2022 Notes elect to convert their notes;
•
the cost and timing of potential milestone payments to Skyepharma, which could be up to an aggregate of $36.0 million if certain milestones pertaining to net sales of DepoBupivacaine products, including EXPAREL, are met, or upon the first commercial sale in a major E.U. country;
•
costs related to legal and regulatory issues;
•
the costs of performing additional clinical trials for EXPAREL, including the pediatric trials required by the FDA as a condition of approval;
•
the costs for the development and commercialization of other product candidates; and
•
the extent to which we acquire or invest in products, businesses and technologies.
We may require additional debt or equity financing to meet our future operating and capital requirements. We have no committed external sources of funds, and additional equity or debt financing may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2018, except for operating leases, nor do we have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities.
Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our condensed consolidated financial statements included herein for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements and their impact or future potential impact on our financial results, if determinable. For a description of critical accounting policies that affect our significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, refer to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.



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Equity Investment
We hold an equity investment which we account for under the cost method. The equity investment does not have a readily determinable fair value. Effective January 1, 2018, we elected to measure this equity investment at its fair value at acquisition, minus any impairment and adjusted for changes in observable prices when available.
The investment is reviewed on a regular basis for possible impairment. Factors considered in the review include whether a significant deterioration in earnings, credit rating, asset quality or business prospects has occurred, in addition to whether there has been a significant adverse change in regulations, economic market, technology, or issuances of the same or similar investment to a third party.
Contractual Obligations
Contractual obligations relating to our indebtedness, lease obligations and purchase obligations are reported in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.  In addition to those obligations, under the terms of our Manufacturing and Supply Agreement with Patheon, we are committed to pay a minimum amount of approximately $7.9 million annually (subject to exchange rate and annual inflation adjustments) for the use of two manufacturing suites in effect through May 2028, with an option to terminate with three years written notice.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
The primary objective of our cash, cash equivalent and investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing the income that we receive from our investments without significantly increasing risk. We invest in corporate bonds, commercial paper and asset-backed securities, which are reported at fair value. These securities are subject to interest rate risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the principal amount of the investment to fluctuate. For example, if we hold a security that was issued with a fixed interest rate at the then-prevailing rate and the interest rate later rises, we expect that the fair value of our investment will decline. A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have reduced the fair value of our available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2018 by approximately $0.4 million.

In March 2017, we issued $345.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 2022 Notes, which mature in April 2022. Holders may convert their 2022 Notes prior to maturity under certain circumstances. Upon conversion, holders will receive the principal amount of the 2022 Notes and any excess conversion value in cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares, at our option. The fair value of the 2022 Notes is impacted by both the fair value of our common stock and interest rate fluctuations. As of September 30, 2018, the estimated fair value of the 2022 Notes was $1,063 per $1,000 principal amount. See Note 7, Debt, to our condensed consolidated financial statements included herein for further discussion of the 2022 Notes. At September 30, 2018, all $345.0 million of principal remains outstanding on the 2022 Notes.

Additionally, our accounts receivable are concentrated with three large regional wholesalers of pharmaceutical products. In the event of non-performance or non-payment, there may be a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations or net cash flow.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and our Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. As defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2018.


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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and our Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of controls effectiveness to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.



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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we have been and may again become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. Except as described below, we are not presently a party to any litigation or legal proceedings that we believe to be material and we are not aware of any pending or threatened litigation against us that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows.
In April 2015, we received a subpoena from the U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of New Jersey, requiring the production of a broad range of documents pertaining to marketing and promotional practices related to EXPAREL. We are cooperating with the government’s inquiry. We can make no assurances as to the time or resources that will need to be devoted to this inquiry or its final outcome, or the impact, if any, of this inquiry or any proceedings on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, cash flows or future results. There have been no material changes in our risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

 Not applicable.

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

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Item 6. EXHIBITS
 
The exhibits listed below are filed or furnished as part of this report.
Exhibit Number
 
Description
 
 
 
31.1
 
 
 
 
31.2
 
 
 
 
32.1
 
 
 
 
32.2
 
 
 
 
101
 
The following materials from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 2018, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss; (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity; (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (vi) the Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.*

*                                     Filed herewith.

**                              Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
PACIRA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(REGISTRANT)
 
 
 
Dated:
November 1, 2018
/s/ DAVID STACK
 
 
David Stack
 
 
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
 
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
Dated:
November 1, 2018
/s/ CHARLES A. REINHART, III
 
 
Charles A. Reinhart, III
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
(Principal Financial Officer)


36