Edgar Filing: EMCOR GROUP INC

Document

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K



x	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018



¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 1-8267

EMCOR Group, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		11-2125338
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

301 Merritt Seven Norwalk, Connecticut		06851-1092
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (203) 849-7800

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock		New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (Section 229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	¨	Non-accelerated filer	¨	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	¨	Emerging growth company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $3,270,000,000 as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, based upon the closing sale price on the New York Stock Exchange reported for such date. Shares of common stock held by each executive officer and director and by each person who owns 5% or more of the outstanding common stock (based solely on filings of such 5% holders) have been excluded from such calculation as such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

Number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of the close of business on February 15, 2019: 55,997,627 shares.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Part III. Portions of the definitive proxy statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which document will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this Form 10-K relates, are incorporated by reference into Items 10 through 14 of Part III of this Form 10-K.

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		PAGE
PART I
Item 1.	Business	1
	General	1
	Operations	2
	Competition	5
	Employees	5
	Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations	5
	Available Information	6
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	6
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	13
Item 2.	Properties	14
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	16
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	16
	Executive Officers of the Registrant	17
PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	18
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	20
Item 7.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	41
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	42
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	88
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	88
Item 9B.	Other Information	88
PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	89
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	89
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	89
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	89
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	89
PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	90

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain information included in this report, or in other materials we have filed or will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) (as well as information included in oral statements or other written statements made or to be made by us) contains or may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “1995 Act”). Such statements are being made pursuant to the 1995 Act and with the intention of obtaining the benefit of the “Safe Harbor” provisions of the 1995 Act. Forward-looking statements are based on information available to us and our perception of such information as of the date of this report and our current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They contain words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “may,” “can,” “could,” “might,” variations of such wording and other words or phrases of similar meaning in connection with a discussion of our future operating or financial performance, and other aspects of our business, including market share growth, gross profit, project mix, projects with varying profit margins, selling, general and administrative expenses, and trends in our business and other characterizations of future events or circumstances. From time to time, forward-looking statements are also included in our other periodic reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K, in press releases, in our presentations, on our website and in other material released to the public. Any or all of the forward-looking statements included in this report and in any other reports or public statements made by us are only predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those identified below in the “Risk Factors” section, the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section, and other sections of this report, and in our Forms 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2018, June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2018 and in other reports filed by us from time to time with the SEC as well as in press releases, in our presentations, on our website and in other material released to the public. Such risks, uncertainties and assumptions are difficult to predict, beyond our control and may turn out to be inaccurate, causing actual results to differ materially from those that might be anticipated from our forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. However, any further disclosures made on related subjects in our subsequent reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K should be consulted.

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PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

References to the “Company,” “EMCOR,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar words refer to EMCOR Group, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise.

General

We are one of the largest electrical and mechanical construction and facilities services firms in the United States. In addition, we provide a number of building services and industrial services. In 2018, we had revenues of approximately $8.1 billion. Our services are provided to a broad range of commercial, industrial, utility and institutional customers through approximately 80 operating subsidiaries and joint venture entities. Our executive offices are located at 301 Merritt Seven, Norwalk, Connecticut 06851-1092, and our telephone number at those offices is (203) 849-7800.

We specialize principally in providing construction services relating to electrical and mechanical systems in all types of facilities and in providing various services relating to the operation, maintenance and management of facilities, including refineries and petrochemical plants.

Our electrical and mechanical construction services primarily involve the design, integration, installation, start-up, operation and maintenance, and provision of services relating to:


•	Electric power transmission and distribution systems;


•	Premises electrical and lighting systems;


•	Process instrumentation in the refining, chemical processing, food processing and mining industries;


•	Low-voltage systems, such as fire alarm, security and process control systems;


•	Voice and data communications systems;


•	Roadway and transit lighting and fiber optic lines;


•	Heating, ventilation, air conditioning, refrigeration and clean-room process ventilation systems;


•	Fire protection systems;


•	Plumbing, process and high-purity piping systems;


•	Controls and filtration systems;


•	Water and wastewater treatment systems;


•	Central plant heating and cooling systems;


•	Crane and rigging services;


•	Millwright services; and


•	Steel fabrication, erection, and welding services.

Our building services operations, which are provided to a wide range of facilities, including commercial, utility, institutional and governmental facilities, include:


•	Commercial and government site-based operations and maintenance;


•	Facility maintenance and services, including reception, security and catering services;


•	Outage services to utilities and industrial plants;


•	Military base operations support services;


•	Mobile mechanical maintenance and services;

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•	Floor care and janitorial services;


•	Landscaping, lot sweeping and snow removal;


•	Facilities management;


•	Vendor management;


•	Call center services;


•	Installation and support for building systems;


•	Program development, management and maintenance for energy systems;


•	Technical consulting and diagnostic services;


•	Infrastructure and building projects for federal, state and local governmental agencies and bodies; and


•	Small modification and retrofit projects.

Our industrial services are provided to refineries and petrochemical plants and include:


•	On-site repairs, maintenance and service of heat exchangers, towers, vessels and piping;


•	Design, manufacturing, repair and hydro blast cleaning of shell and tube heat exchangers and related equipment;


•	Refinery turnaround planning and engineering services;


•	Specialty welding services;


•	Overhaul and maintenance of critical process units in refineries and petrochemical plants; and


•	Specialty technical services for refineries and petrochemical plants.

We provide construction services and building services directly to corporations, municipalities and federal and state governmental entities, owners/developers, and tenants of buildings. We also provide our construction services indirectly by acting as a subcontractor to general contractors, systems suppliers, construction managers, developers, property managers and other subcontractors. Our industrial services are generally provided directly to refineries and petrochemical plants. Worldwide, as of December 31, 2018, we had approximately 33,000 employees.

Our revenues are derived from many different customers in numerous industries, which have operations in several different geographical areas. Of our 2018 revenues, approximately 95% were generated in the United States and approximately 5% were generated in foreign countries, substantially all in the United Kingdom. In 2018, approximately 61% of revenues were derived from our construction operations, approximately 28% of revenues were derived from our building services operations and approximately 11% of revenues were derived from our industrial services operations.

During the third quarter of 2014, we ceased construction operations in the United Kingdom. The results of the construction operations of our United Kingdom segment for all periods are presented as discontinued operations.

The broad scope of our operations is more particularly described below. For information regarding the revenues, operating income and total assets of each of our segments with respect to each of the last three years, and our revenues and assets attributable to the United States and the United Kingdom for the last three years, see Note 18 - Segment Information of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Operations

The electrical and mechanical construction services industry has grown over the years due principally to the increased content, complexity and sophistication of electrical and mechanical systems, as well as the installation of more technologically advanced voice and data communications, lighting, and environmental control systems in all types of facilities, in large part due to the integration of digital processing and information technology. For these reasons, buildings need extensive electrical distribution systems. In addition, advanced voice and data communication systems require sophisticated power supplies and extensive low-voltage and fiber-optic communications cabling. Moreover, the need for substantial environmental controls within a building, due to the heightened need for climate control to maintain extensive computer systems at optimal temperatures, and the demand for energy savings and environmental controls in individual spaces have over the years expanded opportunities for our electrical and mechanical services businesses. The demand for these services is typically driven by non-residential construction and renovation activity.

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Our electrical and mechanical construction services primarily involve the design, integration, installation and start-up of, and provision of services relating to: (a) electric power transmission and distribution systems, including power cables, conduits, distribution panels, transformers, generators, uninterruptible power supply systems and related switch gear and controls; (b) premises electrical and lighting systems, including fixtures and controls; (c) process instrumentation in the refining, chemical processing, food processing and mining industries; (d) low-voltage systems, such as fire alarm, security and process control systems; (e) voice and data communications systems, including fiber-optic and low-voltage cabling; (f) roadway and transit lighting and fiber-optic lines; (g) heating, ventilation, air conditioning, refrigeration and clean-room process ventilation systems; (h) fire protection systems; (i) plumbing, process and high-purity piping systems; (j) controls and filtration systems; (k) water and wastewater treatment systems; (l) central plant heating and cooling systems; (m) cranes and rigging; (n) millwrighting; and (o) steel fabrication, erection and welding.

Our electrical and mechanical construction services generally fall into one of three categories: (a) large installation projects with contracts often in the multi-million dollar range that involve construction of manufacturing and commercial buildings and institutional and public works projects or the fit-out of large blocks of space within commercial buildings, (b) large and medium sized capital and maintenance projects for manufacturing, petrochemical, oil, industrial and commercial clients and (c) smaller installation projects typically involving fit-out, renovation and retrofit work.

Our United States electrical and mechanical construction operations accounted for about 61% of our 2018 worldwide revenues. Of such revenues, approximately 39% were generated by our electrical construction operations and approximately 61% were generated by our mechanical construction operations.

We provide electrical and mechanical construction services for both large and small installation and renovation projects. Our largest projects have included those: (a) for institutional purposes (such as educational and correctional facilities and research laboratories); (b) for manufacturing purposes (such as pharmaceutical plants, steel, pulp and paper mills, chemical, food, automotive and semiconductor manufacturing facilities and power generation); (c) for transportation purposes (such as highways, bridges, airports and transit systems); (d) for commercial purposes (such as office buildings, data centers, convention centers, sports stadiums and shopping malls); (e) for hospitality purposes (such as resorts, hotels and gaming facilities); (f) for water and wastewater purposes; (g) for healthcare purposes; (h) for process facilities (such as oil and gas refineries and chemical processing plants); and (i) for oil and gas pipeline compressor stations and terminal and metering facilities. Our largest projects, which typically range in size from $10.0 million up to and occasionally exceeding $150.0 million and are frequently multi-year projects, represented approximately 30% of our worldwide construction services revenues in 2018.

Our projects of less than $10.0 million accounted for approximately 70% of our worldwide construction services revenues in 2018. These projects are typically completed in less than one year. They usually involve electrical and mechanical construction services when an end-user or owner undertakes construction or modification of a facility to accommodate a specific use. These projects frequently require electrical and mechanical systems to meet special needs such as critical systems power supply, fire protection systems, special environmental controls and high-purity air systems, sophisticated electrical and mechanical systems for data centers, new production lines in manufacturing plants, and office arrangements in existing office buildings. They are not usually dependent upon the new construction market. Demand for these projects and types of services is often prompted by the expiration of leases, changes in technology, or changes in the customer’s plant or office layout in the normal course of a customer’s business.

We have a broad customer base with many long-standing relationships. We perform construction services pursuant to contracts with owners (such as corporations, municipalities and other governmental entities), general contractors, systems suppliers, construction managers, developers, other subcontractors and tenants of commercial properties. Institutional and public works projects are frequently long-term complex projects that require significant technical and management skills and the financial strength to obtain bid and performance bonds, which are often a condition to bidding for and winning these projects.

We also install and maintain lighting for streets, highways, bridges and tunnels, traffic signals, computerized traffic control systems, and signal and communication systems for mass transit systems in several metropolitan areas. In addition, in the United States, we manufacture and install sheet metal air handling systems for both our own mechanical construction operations and for unrelated mechanical contractors. We also maintain welding and pipe fabrication shops in support of some of our mechanical operations.

Our United States building services segment offers a broad range of services, including operation, maintenance and service of electrical and mechanical systems; commercial and government site-based operations and maintenance; facility maintenance and services, including outage services to utilities and manufacturing facilities; military base operations support services; mobile mechanical maintenance and services; floor care and janitorial services; landscaping, lot sweeping and snow removal; facilities management; vendor management; call center services; installation and support for building systems; program development,

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management and maintenance with respect to energy systems; technical consulting and diagnostic services; infrastructure and building projects for federal, state and local governmental agencies and bodies; and small modification and retrofit projects.

Our building services operations, which generated approximately 28% of our 2018 worldwide revenues, provide services to owners, operators, tenants and managers of all types of facilities both on a contractual basis for a specified period of time and on an individual task order basis. Of our 2018 building services revenues, approximately 82% were generated in the United States and approximately 18% were generated in the United Kingdom.

Our building services operations have built upon our traditional electrical and mechanical services operations and our client relationships to expand the scope of services being offered and to develop packages of services for customers on a regional and national basis.

Demand for our building services is often driven by customers’ decisions to focus on their core competencies, customers’ programs to reduce costs, the increasing technical complexity of their facilities and their mechanical, electrical, voice and data and other systems, and the need for increased reliability, especially in electrical and mechanical systems. These trends have led to outsourcing and privatization programs whereby customers in both the private and public sectors seek to contract out those activities that support, but are not directly associated with, the customer’s core business. Clients of our building services business include federal and state governments, institutional organizations, utilities, independent power producers, healthcare providers, and major corporations engaged in information technology, telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, financial services, and manufacturing, as well as large retailers and other businesses with geographically dispersed portfolios throughout the United States.

We currently provide building services in a majority of the states in the United States to commercial, industrial, institutional and governmental customers and as part of our operations are responsible for: (a) the oversight of all or most of the facilities operations, including repair and maintenance; (b) servicing, upgrade and retrofit of HVAC, electrical, plumbing and industrial piping and sheet metal systems in existing facilities; (c) interior and exterior services, including floor care and janitorial services, landscaping, lot sweeping and snow removal; (d) diagnostic and solution engineering for building systems and their components; and (e) maintenance and support services to manufacturers and power producers.

We provide building services at a number of preeminent buildings, including those that house the Secret Service, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the National Foreign Affairs Training Center, and the Department of Health and Human Services, as well as other government facilities, including the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We also provide building services to a number of military bases, including base operations support services to the Navy National Capital Region and the Army’s Fort Huachuca in Arizona, and are involved in a joint venture providing building services to NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California. The agreements pursuant to which this division provides services to the federal government are frequently for a base period and a number of option years exercisable at the sole discretion of the government, are often subject to renegotiation by the government in terms of scope of services, and are subject to termination by the government prior to the expiration of the applicable term.

Our United Kingdom subsidiary primarily focuses on building services and currently provides a broad range of services under multi-year agreements to public and private sector customers, including utilities, airlines, airports, real estate property managers, manufacturers, governmental agencies and the finance sector.

Our industrial services business, which generated approximately 11% of our 2018 worldwide revenues, is a recognized leader in the refinery turnaround market and has a growing presence in the petrochemical market. Our industrial services business: (a) provides maintenance, repair and cleaning services for highly engineered shell and tube heat exchangers for refineries and petrochemical plants both in the field and at our own shops, including tube and shell repairs, bundle repairs, and extraction services, and (b) designs and manufactures new highly engineered shell and tube heat exchangers. We also perform a broad range of turnaround and maintenance services for critical units of refineries so as to upgrade, repair and maintain them. Such services include turnaround and maintenance services relating to: (i) engineering and planning services in advance of complex refinery turnarounds; (ii) overhaul and maintenance of critical process units (including hydrofluoric alkylation units, fluid catalytic cracking units, coking units, heaters, heat exchangers and related mechanical equipment) during refinery and petrochemical plant shut downs; (iii) replacement and new construction capital projects for refineries and petrochemical plants; and (iv) other related specialty services such as (a) welding (including pipe welding) and fabrication; (b) heater, boiler, and reformer repairs and replacements; converter repair and revamps; and vessel, exchanger and tower services; (c) tower and column repairs in refineries and petrochemical facilities; (d) installation and repair of refractory materials for critical units in process plants so as to protect equipment from corrosion, erosion, and extreme temperatures; and (e) acid-proofing services to protect critical components at refineries from chemical exposure.

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Competition

In our construction services, building services and industrial services businesses, we compete with national, regional and local companies, many of which are small, owner-operated entities that carry on their businesses in a limited geographic area, as well as with certain foreign companies.

We believe that the electrical and mechanical construction services industry is highly fragmented and our competition includes thousands of small companies across the United States. In the United States, there are a few public companies focused on providing either electrical and/or mechanical construction services, such as Integrated Electrical Services, Inc., Comfort Systems USA, Inc. and Tutor Perini Corporation. A majority of our revenues are derived from projects requiring competitive bids; however, an invitation to bid is often conditioned upon prior experience, technical capability and financial strength. Because we have total assets, annual revenues, access to bank credit and surety bonding, and expertise significantly greater than most of our competitors, we believe we have a significant competitive advantage over our competitors in providing electrical and mechanical construction services. Competitive factors in the electrical and mechanical construction services business include: (a) the availability of qualified and/or licensed personnel; (b) reputation for integrity and quality; (c) safety record; (d) cost structure; (e) relationships with customers; (f) geographic diversity; (g) the ability to control project costs; (h) experience in specialized markets; (i) the ability to obtain surety bonding; (j) adequate working capital; (k) access to bank credit; and (l) price. However, there are relatively few significant barriers to entry to several types of our construction services business.

While the building services industry is also highly fragmented, with most competitors operating in a specific geographic region, a number of large United States based corporations such as AECOM Technology Corporation, Johnson Controls, Inc., Fluor Corp., J&J Worldwide Services, Cushman & Wakefield Inc., CB Richard Ellis, Inc., Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated, Sodexo, Inc., Aramark Corporation and ABM Industries Incorporated are engaged in this field, as are large original equipment manufacturers such as Carrier Corp. and Trane Inc. In addition, we compete with several regional firms serving all or portions of the markets we target, such as Brickman Valley Crest, Inc., Kellermeyer Bergensons Services, Inc., SMS Assist, LLC and Ferandino & Sons, Inc. Our principal services competitors in the United Kingdom include ISS UK Ltd. and MITIE Group plc. The key competitive factors in the building services business include price, service, quality, technical expertise, geographic scope and the availability of qualified personnel and managers. Due to our size, both financial and geographic, and our technical capability and management experience, we believe we are in a strong competitive position in the building services business. However, there are relatively few barriers to entry to most of our building services businesses.

In our industrial services business, we are one of the leading North American providers of maintenance and repair services for, and manufacturing of, highly engineered shell and tube heat exchangers and related equipment and a leader in providing specialized services to refineries and petrochemical plants. The market for providing these services and products to refineries and petrochemical plants is highly fragmented and includes large national industrial services providers, as well as numerous regional companies, including JV Industrial Companies Ltd., Matrix Service Company, Starcon, Turner Industries, Team, Inc., Cust-O-Fab, Dunn Heat, and Wyatt Field Service Company, among others. In the manufacture of heat exchangers, we compete with both U.S. and foreign manufacturers. The key competitive factors in the industrial services market include service, quality, ability to respond quickly, technical expertise, price, safety record and availability of qualified personnel. Due to our technical capabilities, safety record and skilled workforce, we believe that we are in a strong competitive position in the industrial services markets that we serve. Because of the complex tasks associated with turnarounds and the precision required in manufacturing heat exchangers, we believe that the barriers to entry in this business are significant.

Employees

At December 31, 2018, we employed approximately 33,000 people, approximately 57% of whom are represented by various unions pursuant to approximately 400 collective bargaining agreements between our individual subsidiaries and local unions. We believe that our employee relations are generally good. Only two of these collective bargaining agreements are national or regional in scope.

Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

Our remaining unsatisfied performance obligations (“remaining performance obligations”) at December 31, 2018 were $3.96 billion. Remaining performance obligations increase with awards of new contracts and decrease as we perform work and recognize revenue on existing contracts. We include a project within our remaining performance obligations at such time as the project is awarded and agreement on contract terms has been reached. Our remaining performance obligations include amounts related to contracts for which a fixed price contract value is not assigned when a reasonable estimate of total transaction price can be made.

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inherent substantial economic penalty that would be incurred by our customers upon cancellation. We believe our reported remaining performance obligations for our construction contracts are firm and contract cancellations have not had a material adverse effect on us.

Remaining performance obligations also include unrecognized revenues expected to be realized over the remaining term of service contracts. However, to the extent a service contract includes a cancellation clause which allows for the termination of such contract by either party without a substantive penalty, the remaining contract term, and therefore, the amount of unrecognized revenues included within remaining performance obligations, is limited to the notice period required for the termination.

Our remaining performance obligations are comprised of: (a) original contract amounts, (b) change orders for which we have received written confirmations from our customers, (c) pending change orders for which we expect to receive confirmations in the ordinary course of business, (d) claim amounts that we have made against customers for which we have determined we have a legal basis under existing contractual arrangements and as to which the variable consideration constraint does not apply, and (e) other forms of variable consideration to the extent that such variable consideration has been included within the transaction price of our contracts. Such claim and other variable consideration amounts were immaterial for all periods presented.

We estimate that 83% of our remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2018 will be recognized as revenues during 2019.

Available Information

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which we refer to as the “SEC”. These filings are available to the public over the internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. You may also read and copy any document we file at the SEC’s Public Reference Room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the Public Reference Room.

Our Internet address is www.emcorgroup.com. We make available free of charge through www.emcorgroup.com our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. References to our website addressed in this report are provided as a convenience and do not constitute, and should not be viewed as, an incorporation by reference of the information contained on, or available through, the website. Therefore, such information should not be considered part of this report.

Our Board of Directors has an audit committee, a compensation and personnel committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee. Each of these committees has a formal charter. We also have Corporate Governance Guidelines, which include guidelines regarding related party transactions, a Code of Ethics for our Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers, and a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct for Directors, Officers and Employees. Copies of these charters, guidelines and codes, and any waivers or amendments to such codes which are applicable to our executive officers, senior financial officers or directors, can be obtained free of charge on our website, www.emcorgroup.com.

You may request a copy of the foregoing filings (excluding exhibits), charters, guidelines and codes and any waivers or amendments to such codes which are applicable to our executive officers, senior financial officers or directors, at no cost by writing to us at EMCOR Group, Inc., 301 Merritt Seven, Norwalk, CT 06851-1092, Attention: Corporate Secretary, or by telephoning us at (203) 849-7800.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our business is subject to a variety of risks, including the risks described below as well as adverse business and market conditions and risks associated with foreign operations. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not known to us or not described below which we have not determined to be material may also impair our business operations. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all other information in this report, including information contained in the “Business,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” sections. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows could be adversely affected, and we may not be able to achieve our goals. Such events may cause actual results to differ materially from expected and historical results, and the trading price of our common stock could decline.

Economic downturns have led to reductions in demand for our services. Negative conditions in the credit markets may adversely impact our ability to operate our business. The level of demand from our clients for our services has been, in the past, adversely impacted by slowdowns in the industries we service, as well as in the economy in general. When the general level of economic

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activity has been reduced from historical levels, certain of our ultimate customers have delayed or cancelled projects or capital spending, especially with respect to more profitable private sector work, and such slowdowns adversely affect our ability to grow, reducing our revenues and profitability. A number of economic factors, including financing conditions for the industries we serve, have, in the past, adversely affected our ultimate customers and their ability or willingness to fund expenditures. General concerns about the fundamental soundness of domestic and foreign economies may cause ultimate customers to defer projects even if they have credit available to them. Worsening of financial and macroeconomic conditions could have a significant adverse effect on our revenues and profitability.

Many of our clients depend on the availability of credit to help finance their capital and maintenance projects. At times, tightened availability of credit has negatively impacted the ability of existing and prospective ultimate customers to fund projects we might otherwise perform, particularly those in the more profitable private sector. As a result, our ultimate customers may defer such projects for an unknown, and perhaps lengthy, period. Any such deferrals would inhibit our growth and would adversely affect our results of operations.

In a weak economic environment, particularly in a period of restrictive credit markets, we may experience greater difficulties in collecting payments from, and negotiating change orders and/or claims with, our clients due to, among other reasons, a diminution in our ultimate customers’ access to the credit markets. If clients delay in paying or fail to pay a significant amount of our outstanding receivables, or we fail to successfully negotiate a significant portion of our change orders and/or claims with clients, it could have an adverse effect on our liquidity, results of operations and financial position.

Our business has traditionally lagged recoveries in the general economy and, therefore, after an economic downtown we may not recover as quickly as the economy at large.

The loss of one or a few customers could have an adverse effect on us. A few clients have in the past and may in the future account for a significant portion of our revenues in any one year or over a period of several consecutive years. Although we have long-standing relationships with many of our significant clients, our clients may unilaterally reduce, fail to renew or terminate their contracts with us at any time. A loss of business from a significant client could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

Our business is vulnerable to the cyclical nature of the markets in which our clients operate and is dependent upon the timing and funding of new awards. We provide construction and maintenance services to ultimate customers operating in a number of markets which have been, and we expect will continue to be, cyclical and subject to significant fluctuations due to a variety of factors beyond our control, including economic conditions and changes in client spending.

Regardless of economic or market conditions, investment decisions by our ultimate customers may vary by location or as a result of other factors like the availability of labor, relative construction costs or competitive conditions in their industries. Because we are dependent on the timing and funding of new awards, we are therefore vulnerable to changes in our clients’ markets and investment decisions.

Our business may be adversely affected by significant reductions in government spending or delays or disruptions in the government appropriations process. Some of our businesses derive a significant portion of their revenues from federal, state and local governmental agencies. As a result, reduced or delayed spending by the federal government and/or state and local governments may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Significant reductions in spending aimed at reducing federal, state or local budget deficits, the absence of a bipartisan agreement on the federal government's budget, the impact of sequestration or other changes in budget priorities could result in the deferral, delay, disruption or cancellation of projects or contracts that we might otherwise have sought to perform, personnel reductions or the closure of government facilities and offices. These potential events could impact the level of demand for our services and our ability to execute, complete and receive compensation for our current contracts, or bid for and enter into new contracts with governmental agencies.

An increase in the prices of certain materials used in our businesses and protectionist trade measures could adversely affect our businesses. We are exposed to market risk of increases in certain commodity prices of materials, such as copper and steel, which are used as components of supplies or materials utilized in all of our operations. We are also exposed to increases in energy prices, particularly as they relate to gasoline prices for our fleet of approximately 11,000 vehicles. While we believe we can increase our prices to adjust for some price increases in commodities, there can be no assurance that price increases of commodities, if they were to occur, would be recoverable. Additionally, our fixed price contracts do not allow us to adjust our prices and, as a result, increases in material or fuel costs could reduce our profitability with respect to such projects. Fluctuations in energy prices as well as in commodity prices of materials, whether resulting from fluctuations in market supply or demand or geopolitical conditions, including an increase in trade protection measures such as tariffs and the disruption, modification or cancellation of multilateral trade agreements, may adversely affect our customers and as a result cause them to curtail the use of our services. Prolonged

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volatility in the price of oil has caused some of our refinery customers to curtail or delay maintenance or capital projects. Continued volatility in the price of oil may adversely affect some of our refinery customers causing them to defer maintenance and/or capital projects performed by companies in our United States industrial services segment or delay purchases or repairs of heat exchangers that are manufactured and repaired by some of our companies.

Our industry is highly competitive. Our industry is served by numerous small, owner-operated private companies, a few public companies and several large regional companies. In addition, relatively few barriers prevent entry into most of our businesses. As a result, any organization that has adequate financial resources and access to technical expertise may become a competitor. Competition in our industry depends on numerous factors, including price. Certain of our competitors have lower overhead cost structures and, therefore, are able to provide their services at lower rates than we are currently able to provide. In addition, some of our competitors have greater resources than we do. We cannot be certain that our competitors will not develop the expertise, experience and resources necessary to provide services that are superior in quality and lower in price to ours. Similarly, we cannot be certain that we will be able to maintain or enhance our competitive position within our industries or maintain a customer base at current levels. We may also face competition from the in-house service organizations of existing or prospective customers, particularly with respect to building services. Many of our customers employ personnel who perform some of the same types of building services that we do. We cannot be certain that our existing or prospective customers will continue to outsource building services in the future.

We are subject to many laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate; changes to such laws and regulations may result in additional costs and impact our operations. We are committed to upholding the highest standards of corporate governance and legal and ethical compliance. We are subject to many laws and regulations, including various laws and regulations that apply specifically to U.S. public companies. These include the rules and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, as well as the various regulations, standards and guidance put forth by the SEC and other governmental agencies to implement those laws. New laws, rules and regulations, or changes to existing laws or their interpretations, could create added legal and financial costs and uncertainty for us. In addition, our United Kingdom operations are subject to laws and regulations that are in some cases different from those of the United Sates, including labor laws such as the U.K. Modern Slavery Act and laws and regulations governing information collected from employees, customers and others, specifically the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation, which went into effect in May 2018. These laws and regulations, and the economic, financial, political and regulatory impact of the United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union, could increase the cost and complexity of doing business in the U.K. and negatively impact our financial position and results of operations. Our efforts to comply with evolving laws, regulations and reporting standards may increase our general and administrative expenses, divert management time and attention or limit our operational flexibility, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. Many of our non-public competitors and competitors operating solely in the U.S. are not subject to these laws and regulations and the related costs and expenses of compliance.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 could have negative or unexpected consequences for our customers; reduced government spending may adversely affect our own business. The long-term impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 on the general economy cannot be reliably predicted at this time and will require rule-making and interpretation in a number of areas. To the extent that certain of our customers are negatively affected by the new tax law and/or any uncertainty around the changes in the law or how it will be enforced, they may reduce spending and defer, delay or cancel projects or contracts. Reduced government revenues resulting from the new tax law may also lead to reduced government spending, which may negatively impact our government contracting business.

We are a decentralized company, which presents certain risks. While we believe decentralization has enhanced our growth and enabled us to remain responsive to opportunities and to our customers’ needs, it necessarily places significant control and decision-making powers in the hands of local management. This presents various risks, including the risk that we may be slower or less able to identify or react to problems affecting a key business than we would in a more centralized environment.

Our business may be affected by weather conditions. Adverse weather conditions, particularly during the winter season, could impact our construction services operations as those conditions affect our ability to perform efficient work outdoors in certain regions of the United States, adversely affecting the revenues and profitability of those operations. However, the absence of snow in certain regions of the United States during the winter could also cause us to experience reduced revenues and profitability in our United States building services segment, which has meaningful snow removal operations. In addition, cooler than normal temperatures during the summer months could reduce the need for our services, particularly in our businesses that install or service air conditioning units, and result in reduced revenues and profitability during the period such unseasonal weather conditions persist. Hurricanes and other severe weather may cause our projects to be delayed or canceled by our customers. The increased incidence of severe weather and its related impacts, such as hurricanes, flooding and wildfires, could adversely impact our operations.

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Natural disasters, terrorist attacks and other catastrophic events could disrupt our operations and services. Natural disasters, acts of terrorism and other catastrophic events, and the actions taken by the United States and/or other governments or actors in response to such events, may result in property damage, supply disruption or economic dislocations throughout the country. Although it is not possible to predict such events or their consequences, these events could increase the volatility of our financial results due to decreased demand and unforeseen costs, with partial or no corresponding compensation from clients.

Our business may be affected by the work environment. We perform our work under a variety of conditions, including but not limited to, difficult terrain, difficult site conditions and busy urban centers where delivery of materials and availability of labor may be impacted, clean-room environments where strict procedures must be followed, and sites which contain harsh or hazardous conditions, especially at chemical plants, refineries and other process facilities. Performing work under these conditions can negatively affect efficiency and, therefore, our profitability.

Our dependence upon fixed price contracts could adversely affect our business. We currently generate, and expect to continue to generate, a significant portion of our revenues from fixed price contracts. We must estimate the total costs of a particular project to bid for fixed price contracts. The actual cost of labor and materials, however, may vary from the costs we originally estimated. These variations, along with other risks, inherent in performing fixed price contracts, may cause actual gross profits from projects to differ from those we originally estimated and could result in reduced profitability or losses on projects. Depending upon the size of a particular project, variations from the estimated contract costs can have a significant impact on our operating results for any fiscal quarter or year.

We could incur additional costs to cover certain guarantees. In some instances, we guarantee completion of a project by a specific date or price, cost savings, achievement of certain performance standards or performance of our services at a certain standard of quality. If we subsequently fail to meet such guarantees, we may be held responsible for costs resulting from such failures. Such a failure could result in our payment of liquidated or other damages. To the extent that any of these events occur, the total costs of a project could exceed the original estimated costs, and we would experience reduced profits or, in some cases, a loss.

Many of our contracts, especially our building services contracts for governmental and non-governmental entities, may be canceled on short notice, and we may be unsuccessful in replacing such contracts if they are canceled or as they are completed or expire. We could experience a decrease in revenues, net income and liquidity if any of the following occur:


•	customers cancel a significant number of contracts;


•	we fail to win a significant number of our existing contracts upon re-bid;


•	we complete a significant number of non-recurring projects and cannot replace them with similar projects; or


•	we fail to reduce operating and overhead expenses consistent with any decrease in our revenues.

We may be unsuccessful in generating internal growth. Our ability to generate internal growth will be affected by, among other factors, our ability to:


•	expand the range of services offered to customers to address their evolving needs;


•	attract new customers; and


•	retain and/or increase the number of projects performed for existing customers.

In addition, existing and potential customers in the past have reduced, and may continue to reduce, the number or size of projects available to us because of general economic conditions or due to their inability to obtain capital or pay for services we provide. Many of the factors affecting our ability to generate internal growth are beyond our control, and we cannot be certain that our strategies will be successful or that we will be able to generate cash flow sufficient to fund our operations and to support internal growth. If we are not successful, we may not be able to achieve internal growth, expand operations or grow our business.

The departure of key personnel could disrupt our business. We depend on the continued efforts of our senior management. The loss of key personnel, or the inability to hire and retain qualified executives, could negatively impact our ability to manage our business.

We may be unable to attract and retain skilled employees. Our ability to grow and maintain productivity and profitability will be limited by our ability to employ, train and retain skilled personnel necessary to meet our requirements. We are dependent upon our project managers and field supervisors who are responsible for managing our projects, and there can be no assurance that any individual will continue in his or her capacity for any particular period of time. The loss of such qualified employees could have an adverse effect on our business. We cannot be certain that we will be able to maintain an adequate skilled labor force necessary

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to operate efficiently and to support our business strategy or that labor expenses will not increase as a result of a shortage in the supply of these skilled personnel. The availability and cost of a skilled labor force could be impacted by factors we cannot control, including changes in the unemployment rate, prevailing wage rates, benefit costs and competition for labor from our competitors in the markets we serve. Labor shortages or increased labor costs could impair our ability to maintain our business or grow our revenues.

Our unionized workforce could adversely affect our operations, and we participate in many multiemployer union pension plans which could result in substantial liabilities being incurred. As of December 31, 2018, approximately 57% of our employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements. Although the majority of these agreements prohibit strikes and work stoppages, we cannot be certain that strikes or work stoppages will not occur in the future. However, only two of our collective bargaining agreements are national or regional in scope, and not all of our collective bargaining agreements expire at the same time. Strikes or work stoppages would adversely impact our relationships with our customers and could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. We contribute to approximately 200 multiemployer union pension plans based upon wages paid to our union employees that could result in our being responsible for a portion of the unfunded liabilities under such plans. Our potential liability for unfunded liabilities could be material. Under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, we may become liable for our proportionate share of a multiemployer pension plan’s underfunding if we cease to contribute to that pension plan or significantly reduce the employees in respect of which we make contributions to that pension plan. See Note 15 - Retirement Plans of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for additional information regarding multiemployer plans.

Fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates impact our financial results. We have operations in the United Kingdom, which in 2018 accounted for approximately 5% of our revenues. Our reported financial position and results of operations are exposed to the effects (both positive and negative) that fluctuating exchange rates have on the process of translating the financial statements of our United Kingdom operations, which are denominated in local currencies, into the U.S. dollar. It is unclear at this time what effect, if any, the United Kingdom’s potential exit from the European Union may have on such exchange rates.

Our failure to comply with environmental laws could result in significant liabilities. Our operations are subject to various laws, including environmental laws and regulations, among which many deal with the handling and disposal of asbestos and other hazardous or universal waste products, PCBs and fuel storage. A violation of such laws and regulations may expose us to various claims, including claims by third parties, as well as remediation costs and fines. We own and lease many facilities. Some of these facilities contain hazardous materials, such as lead and asbestos, and fuel storage tanks, which may be above or below ground. If these tanks were to leak, we could be responsible for the cost of remediation as well as potential fines. As a part of our business, we also install fuel storage tanks and are sometimes required to deal with hazardous materials, all of which may expose us to environmental liability.

In addition, new laws and regulations, stricter enforcement of existing laws and regulations, the discovery of previously unknown contamination or leaks, the imposition of new clean-up requirements, or the exposure of our employees or other contractors to hazardous materials, could require us to incur significant costs or become the basis for new or increased liabilities that could harm our financial position and results of operations, although certain of these costs might be covered by insurance. In some instances, we have obtained indemnification or covenants from third parties (including predecessors or lessors) for such clean-up and other obligations and liabilities, and we believe such indemnities and covenants are adequate to cover such obligations and liabilities. However, such third-party indemnities or covenants may not cover all of such costs or third-party indemnitors may default on their obligations. In addition, unanticipated obligations or liabilities, or future obligations and liabilities, may have a material adverse effect on our business operations. Further, we cannot be certain that we will be able to identify, or be indemnified for, all potential environmental liabilities relating to any acquired business.

Adverse resolution of litigation and other legal and regulatory proceedings may harm our operating results or financial position. From time to time, we are a party to lawsuits and other legal proceedings, most of which occur in the normal course of our business. These actions and proceedings may involve actual or threatened claims by customers, employees or other third parties for, among other things, compensation for alleged personal injury, workers’ compensation, employment discrimination, breach of contract, property damage or other general commercial disputes. In addition, we may be subject to class action claims alleging violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act and state wage and hour laws. Litigation and other legal proceedings can be expensive, lengthy and disruptive to normal business operations, and their outcome is inherently uncertain and difficult to accurately predict or quantify. In addition, plaintiffs in many types of actions may seek punitive damages, civil penalties, consequential damages or other losses, or injunctive or declaratory relief. An unfavorable resolution of a particular legal proceeding or claim, whether through a settlement, mediation, court judgment or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial position and cash flows, and in some cases, on our reputation or our ability to obtain projects from customers, including governmental entities. See Item 3. Legal Proceedings and Note 16 - Commitments and Contingencies of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, for more information regarding legal proceedings in which we are involved.

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Opportunities within the government sector could lead to increased governmental rules and regulations applicable to us. As a government contractor we are subject to a number of procurement rules and other regulations, any deemed violation of which could lead to fines or penalties or a loss of business. Government agencies routinely audit and investigate government contractors. Government agencies may review a contractor’s performance under its contracts, cost structure and compliance with applicable laws, regulations and standards. If government agencies determine through these audits or reviews that costs are improperly allocated to specific contracts, they will not reimburse the contractor for those costs or may require the contractor to refund previously reimbursed costs. If government agencies determine that we are engaged in improper activity, we may be subject to civil and criminal penalties and debarment or suspension from doing business with the government. Government contracts are also subject to renegotiation of terms by the government, termination by the government prior to the expiration of the term, and non-renewal by the government.

A material portion of our business depends on our ability to provide surety bonds. We may be unable to compete for or work on certain projects if we are not able to obtain the necessary surety bonds. Our construction contracts frequently require that we obtain from surety companies and provide to our customers payment and performance bonds as a condition to the award of such contracts. Such surety bonds secure our payment and performance obligations. Under standard terms in the surety market, surety companies issue bonds on a project-by-project basis and can decline to issue bonds at any time or require the posting of collateral as a condition to issuing any bonds. Current or future market conditions, as well as changes in our sureties’ assessment of our or their own operating and financial risk, could cause our surety companies to decline to issue, or substantially reduce the amount of, bonds for our work or to increase our bonding costs. These actions can be taken on short notice. If our surety companies were to limit or eliminate our access to bonding, our alternatives would include seeking bonding capacity from other surety companies, increasing business with clients that do not require bonds and posting other forms of collateral for project performance, such as letters of credit, parent company guarantees or cash. We may be unable to secure these alternatives in a timely manner, on acceptable terms, or at all. Accordingly, if we were to experience an interruption or reduction in the availability of bonding, we may be unable to compete for or work on certain projects. Increases in the costs of surety bonds could also adversely impact our profitability.

We are effectively self-insured against many potential liabilities. Although we maintain insurance policies with respect to a broad range of risks, including automobile liability, general liability, workers’ compensation and employee group health, these policies do not cover all possible claims and certain of the policies are subject to large deductibles. Accordingly, we are effectively self-insured for a substantial number of actual and potential claims. In addition, if any of our insurance carriers defaulted on its obligations to provide insurance coverage by reason of its insolvency or for other reasons, our exposure to claims would increase and our profits would be adversely affected. Our estimates for unpaid claims and expenses are based on known facts, historical trends and industry averages, utilizing the assistance of an actuary. The determination of such estimated liabilities and their appropriateness are reviewed and updated at least quarterly. However, these liabilities are difficult to assess and estimate due to many relevant factors, the effects of which are often unknown, including the severity of an injury or damage, the determination of liability in proportion to other parties, the timeliness of reported claims, the effectiveness of our risk management and safety programs and the terms and conditions of our insurance policies. Our accruals are based upon known facts, historical trends and our reasonable estimate of future expenses, and we believe such accruals are adequate. However, unknown or changing trends, risks or circumstances, such as increases in claims, a weakening economy, increases in medical costs, changes in case law or legislation, or changes in the nature of the work we perform, could render our current estimates and accruals inadequate. In such case, adjustments to our balance sheet may be required and these increased liabilities would be recorded in the period that the experience becomes known. Insurance carriers may be unwilling, in the future, to provide our current levels of coverage without a significant increase in insurance premiums and/or collateral requirements to cover our obligations to them. Increased collateral requirements may be in the form of additional letters of credit and/or cash, and an increase in collateral requirements could significantly reduce our liquidity. If insurance premiums increase, and/or if insurance claims are higher than our estimates, our profitability could be adversely affected.

We may incur liabilities or suffer negative financial impacts relating to occupational, health and safety matters. Our operations are subject to extensive laws and regulations relating to the maintenance of safe conditions in the workplace. While we have invested, and will continue to invest, substantial resources in our robust occupational, health and safety programs, many of our businesses involve a high degree of operational risk, and there can be no assurance that we will avoid significant exposure. These hazards can cause personal injury and loss of life, severe damage to or destruction of property and equipment and other consequential damages and could lead to suspension of operations, large damage claims and, in extreme cases, criminal liability.

Our customers seek to minimize safety risks on their sites and they frequently review the safety records of contractors during the bidding process. If our safety record were to substantially deteriorate over time, we might become ineligible to bid on certain work and our customers could cancel our contracts and/or not award us future business.

Acquisitions could adversely affect our business and results of operations. As part of our growth strategy, we acquire companies that expand, complement and/or diversify our businesses. Realization of the anticipated benefits of an acquisition will depend, among other things, upon our ability to: (a) effectively conduct due diligence on companies we propose to acquire to identify problems at these companies and (b) recognize incompatibilities or other obstacles to successful integration of the acquired business

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with our other operations and gain greater efficiencies and scale that will translate into reduced costs in a timely manner. However, there can be no assurance that an acquisition we may make in the future will provide the benefits anticipated when entering into the transaction. Acquisitions we have made and future acquisitions may expose us to operational challenges and risks, including the diversion of management’s attention from our existing businesses, the failure to retain key personnel or customers of the acquired business and the assumption of unknown liabilities of the acquired business for which there are inadequate reserves. Our ability to sustain our growth and maintain our competitive position may be affected by our ability to identify and acquire desirable businesses and successfully integrate any business acquired.

Our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result of goodwill and other identifiable intangible asset impairments. When we acquire a business, we record an asset called “goodwill” equal to the excess amount paid for the business, including liabilities assumed, over the fair value of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets of the business acquired. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) requires that all business combinations be accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and that certain identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination be recognized as assets apart from goodwill. FASB Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 350, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other” (“ASC 350”), provides that goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives not be amortized, but instead be tested at least annually for impairment, and identifiable intangible assets that have finite useful lives should continue to be amortized over their useful lives and be tested for impairment whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be fully recoverable. ASC 350 also provides specific guidance for testing goodwill and other non-amortized identifiable intangible assets for impairment, which we test annually each October 1. ASC 350 requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions to allocate goodwill to reporting units and to determine the fair value of reporting unit net assets and liabilities. Such fair value is determined using discounted estimated future cash flows. Our development of the present value of future cash flow projections is based upon assumptions and estimates by management from a review of our operating results, business plans, anticipated growth rates and margins and the weighted average cost of capital, among others. Much of the information used in assessing fair value is outside the control of management, such as interest rates, and these assumptions and estimates can change in future periods. There can be no assurance that our estimates and assumptions made for purposes of our goodwill and identifiable intangible asset impairment testing will prove to be accurate predictions of the future. If our assumptions regarding business plans or anticipated growth rates and/or margins are not achieved, or there is a rise in interest rates, we may be required to record goodwill and/or identifiable intangible asset impairment charges in future periods, whether in connection with our next annual impairment testing on October 1, 2019 or earlier, if an indicator of an impairment is present prior to the quarter in which the annual goodwill impairment test is to be performed. It is not possible at this time to determine if any such impairment charge would result or, if it does, whether such a charge would be material to our results of operations.

Amounts included in our remaining performance obligations may not result in actual revenues or translate into profits. Many contracts are subject to cancellation or suspension on short notice at the discretion of the client, and the contracts in our remaining performance obligations are subject to changes in the scope of services to be provided as well as adjustments to the costs relating to the contract. Accordingly, there is no assurance that revenue from remaining performance obligations will actually be realized. If our remaining performance obligations fail to materialize, we could experience a decline in profitability, which could result in a deterioration of our financial position and liquidity.

We recognize revenue for the majority of our construction projects based on estimates; therefore, variations of actual results from our assumptions may reduce our profitability. In accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, we record revenue as work on the contract progresses. The cumulative amount of revenues recorded on a contract at a specified point in time is that percentage of total estimated revenues that costs incurred to date bear to estimated total costs. Accordingly, contract revenues and total cost estimates are reviewed and revised as the work progresses. Adjustments are reflected in contract revenues in the period when such estimates are revised. Estimates are based on management’s reasonable assumptions and experience, but are only estimates. Variations of actual results from assumptions on an unusually large project or on a number of average size projects could be material. We are also required to immediately recognize the full amount of the estimated loss on a contract when estimates indicate such a loss. Such adjustments and accrued losses could result in reduced profitability, which could negatively impact our cash flow from operations.

We are increasingly dependent on sophisticated information technology systems; disruption, failure or cyber-security breaches of these systems could adversely affect our business and results of operations. We and our customers and third party providers rely on information technology systems, hardware and software to run critical accounting, project management and financial information systems. We rely upon security measures, products and services to secure our information technology systems and the confidential, proprietary and sensitive information they contain. However, our information technology systems and those of our customers and third-party providers could become subject to cyber-attacks, hacking, or other intrusions, failure or damage, which could result in operational disruptions or information misappropriation, such as theft of intellectual property or inappropriate disclosure of customer data or confidential or personal information. In addition, the proper functioning of these systems may be impacted by other causes and circumstances beyond our control, including the decision by software vendors to discontinue further development, integration or long-term software maintenance support for our information systems, or hardware interruption, damage

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or disruption as a result of power outages, natural disasters, or computer network failures. To the extent that our information technology systems, or those of our customers or third party providers, are disabled for a long period of time, certain key business processes could be interrupted. Any such operational disruptions and/or misappropriation or inappropriate disclosure of information could result in lost or reduced revenues, negative publicity, or business delays that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations. We may also be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of such system disruptions and security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by such disruptions and breaches.

Our failure to comply with anti-bribery statutes such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010 could result in fines, criminal penalties and other sanctions that could have an adverse effect on our business. The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”), the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010 (the “Bribery Act”) and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or securing an improper advantage. We conduct a modest amount of business in a few countries that have experienced corruption to some degree. Our policies require that all of our employees, subcontractors, vendors and agents worldwide must comply with applicable anti-bribery laws. However, there is no assurance that our policies and procedures to ensure compliance with the FCPA, the Bribery Act and similar anti-bribery laws will eliminate the possibility of liability under such laws for actions taken by our employees, agents and intermediaries. If we were found to be liable for violations under the FCPA, the Bribery Act or similar anti-bribery laws, either due to our own acts or omissions or due to the acts or omissions of others, we could incur substantial legal expenses and suffer civil and criminal penalties or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as our reputation. In addition, whether or not such expenses, penalties or sanctions are actually incurred, the actual or alleged violation of the FCPA, Bribery Act or similar anti-bribery laws could have a negative impact on our reputation.

Certain provisions of our corporate governance documents could make an acquisition of us, or a substantial interest in us, more difficult. The following provisions of our certificate of incorporation and by-laws, as currently in effect, as well as Delaware law, could discourage potential proposals to acquire us, delay or prevent a change in control of us, or limit the price that investors may be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock:


•	our certificate of incorporation permits our board of directors to issue “blank check” preferred stock and to adopt amendments to our by-laws;


•	our by-laws contain restrictions regarding the right of our stockholders to nominate directors and to submit proposals to be considered at stockholder meetings;


•	our certificate of incorporation and by-laws limit the right of our stockholders to call a special meeting of stockholders and to act by written consent; and


•	we are subject to provisions of Delaware law, which prohibit us from engaging in any of a broad range of business transactions with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years following the date such stockholder becomes classified as an interested stockholder.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our operations are conducted primarily at leased properties. The following table lists facilities over 50,000 square feet, both leased and owned, and identifies the business segment that is the principal user of each such facility.



	Approximate Square Feet	Lease Expiration Date, Unless Owned
17905 and 18101 S. Broadway Carson, California (b)	68,160	7/31/2020
1168 Fesler Street El Cajon, California (b)	67,560	8/31/2025
22302 Hathaway Avenue Hayward, California (b)	105,000	7/31/2021
4462 Corporate Center Drive Los Alamitos, California (a)	57,863	12/31/2019
3535 Medford Street Los Angeles, California (a)	60,000	5/31/2021
940 Remillard Court San Jose, California (c)	119,560	7/31/2029
55 Gerber Road South Windsor, Connecticut (c)	60,047	12/31/2028
3100 Woodcreek Drive Downers Grove, Illinois (a)	56,551	7/31/2027
2219 Contractors Drive Fort Wayne, Indiana (b)	175,000	7/31/2023
5210 Investment Drive Fort Wayne, Indiana (b)	99,579	10/31/2023
7614 and 7720 Opportunity Drive Fort Wayne, Indiana (b)	144,695	7/31/2026
2655 Garfield Avenue Highland, Indiana (a)	57,765	6/30/2019
4250 Highway 30 St. Gabriel, Louisiana (d)	90,000	Owned
1750 Swisco Road Sulphur, Louisiana (d)	112,000	Owned
111-01 and 111-21 14th Avenue College Point, New York (a)	73,013	2/28/2024
70 Schmitt Boulevard Farmingdale, New York (b)	76,380	7/31/2026
3000 Comfort Court Raleigh, North Carolina (c)	70,000	12/31/2023
6101 and 6025 Triangle Drive Raleigh, North Carolina (b)	53,394	12/31/2024
2900 Newpark Drive Barberton, Ohio (b)	113,663	10/31/2027
16251 SE 98th Avenue Clackamas, Oregon (a)	98,860	12/31/2020
1700 Markley Street Norristown, Pennsylvania (c)	90,767	9/30/2021
6045 East Shelby Drive Memphis, Tennessee (c)	53,618	5/31/2023
937 Pine Street Beaumont, Texas (d)	78,962	Owned

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	Approximate Square Feet	Lease Expiration Date, Unless Owned
895 North Main Street Beaumont, Texas (d)	75,000	Owned
410 Flato Road Corpus Christi, Texas (d)	57,000	Owned
5550 Airline Drive and 25 Tidwell Road Houston, Texas (b)	97,936	12/31/2024
12415 Highway 225 La Porte, Texas (d)	78,000	Owned
2455 West 1500 South Salt Lake City, Utah (a)	59,677	4/30/2025
2345 South CCI Way West Valley City, Utah (c)	69,229	8/31/2032

We believe that our property, plant and equipment are well maintained, in good operating condition and suitable for the purposes for which they are used.

See Note 16 - Commitments and Contingencies of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for additional information regarding lease costs. We utilize substantially all of our leased or owned facilities and believe there will be no difficulty either in negotiating the renewal of our real property leases as they expire or in finding alternative space, if necessary.


(a)	Principally used by a company engaged in the “United States electrical construction and facilities services” segment.


(b)	Principally used by a company engaged in the “United States mechanical construction and facilities services” segment.


(c)	Principally used by a company engaged in the “United States building services” segment.


(d)	Principally used by a company engaged in the “United States industrial services” segment.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are involved in several proceedings in which damages and claims have been asserted against us. We believe that we have a number of valid defenses to such proceedings and claims and intend to vigorously defend ourselves. Other potential claims may exist that have not yet been asserted against us. We do not believe that any such matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity. Litigation is subject to many uncertainties and the outcome of litigation is not predictable with assurance. It is possible that some litigation matters for which liabilities have not been recorded could be decided unfavorably to us, and that any such unfavorable decisions could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity. See Note 16 - Commitments and Contingencies of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for a discussion regarding certain legal proceedings.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K (17 CFR 229.104) is included in Exhibit 95 to this Form 10-K.

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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

Anthony J. Guzzi, Age 54; President since October 2004, Chief Executive Officer since January 2011 and Chairman of the Board since June 2018. From October 2004 to January 2011, Mr. Guzzi served as Chief Operating Officer of the Company. From August 2001 until he joined the Company, Mr. Guzzi was President of the North American Distribution and Aftermarket Division of Carrier Corporation (“Carrier”). Carrier is a manufacturer and distributor of commercial and residential HVAC and refrigeration systems and equipment and a provider of aftermarket services and components of its own products and those of other manufacturers in both the HVAC and refrigeration industries.

Mark A. Pompa, Age 54; Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company since April 2006. From June 2003 to April 2006, Mr. Pompa was Senior Vice President-Chief Accounting Officer of the Company, and from June 2003 to January 2007, Mr. Pompa was also Treasurer of the Company. From September 1994 to June 2003, Mr. Pompa was Vice President and Controller of the Company.

R. Kevin Matz, Age 60; Executive Vice President-Shared Services of the Company since December 2007 and Senior Vice President-Shared Services from June 2003 to December 2007. From April 1996 to June 2003, Mr. Matz served as Vice President and Treasurer of the Company and Staff Vice President-Financial Services of the Company from March 1993 to April 1996.

Maxine L. Mauricio, Age 47; Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of the Company since January 2016. From January 2012 to December 2015, Ms. Mauricio was Vice President and Deputy General Counsel of the Company, and from May 2002 to December 2011, she served as Assistant General Counsel of the Company. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Mauricio was an associate at Ropes & Gray LLP.

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information. Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “EME”.

The following table sets forth high and low sales prices for our common stock for the periods indicated as reported by the New York Stock Exchange:



2018	High		Low
First Quarter	$	85.08	$	73.26
Second Quarter	$	82.04	$	72.26
Third Quarter	$	81.37	$	73.73
Fourth Quarter	$	76.18	$	57.29



2017	High		Low
First Quarter	$	72.88	$	59.76
Second Quarter	$	69.14	$	60.30
Third Quarter	$	70.26	$	62.15
Fourth Quarter	$	84.11	$	68.77

Holders. As of February 15, 2019, there were approximately 288 stockholders of record and, as of that date, we estimate there were approximately 41,791 beneficial owners holding our common stock in nominee or “street” name.

Dividends. We have paid quarterly dividends since October 25, 2011. We expect that such quarterly dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future. Prior to October 25, 2011, no cash dividends had been paid on the Company’s common stock. We currently pay a regular quarterly dividend of $0.08 per share. Our 2016 Credit Agreement places limitations on the payment of dividends on our common stock. However, we do not believe that the terms of such agreement currently materially limit our ability to pay a quarterly dividend of $0.08 per share for the foreseeable future. See Note 10 - Debt of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for further information regarding our 2016 Credit Agreement.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans. The following table summarizes, as of December 31, 2018, certain information regarding equity compensation plans that were approved by stockholders and equity compensation plans that were not approved by stockholders. The information in the table and in the notes thereto has been adjusted for stock splits.



	Equity Compensation Plan Information
	A		B			C
Plan Category	Number of Securities to be Issued upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights		Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights			Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column A)
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders	589,357	⁽¹⁾	$	1.66	⁽¹⁾	1,327,307	⁽²⁾
Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders	—		—			—
Total	589,357		$	1.66		1,327,307

_________


(1)	Included within this amount are 549,357 restricted stock units awarded to our non-employee directors and employees. The weighted average exercise price would have been $24.48 had the weighted average exercise price calculation excluded such restricted stock units.

(2)

Represents shares of our common stock available for future issuance under our 2010 Incentive Plan (the "2010 Plan"), which may be issuable in respect of options and/or stock appreciation rights granted under the 2010 Plan and/or may also be issued pursuant to the award of restricted stock, unrestricted stock and/or awards that are valued in whole or in part by reference to, or are otherwise based on the fair market value of, our common stock.

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Purchase of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

The following table summarizes repurchases of our common stock made by us during the quarter ended December 31, 2018:



Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)(2)	Average Price Paid Per Share	Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Plan or Programs

October 1, 2018 to October 31, 2018	425,947	$72.48	425,947	$248,237,181
November 1, 2018 to November 30, 2018	279,856	$71.90	279,856	$228,115,562
December 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018	1,096,213	$63.50	1,096,213	$158,506,898
Total	1,802,016	$66.93	1,802,016

_________

(1)

On September 26, 2011, our Board of Directors authorized us to repurchase up to $100.0 million of our outstanding common stock. On December 5, 2013, October 23, 2014, October 28, 2015, October 25, 2017 and October 23, 2018, our Board of Directors authorized us to repurchase up to an additional $100.0 million, $250.0 million, $200.0 million, $100.0 million and $200.0 million of our outstanding common stock, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, there remained authorization for us to repurchase approximately $158.5 million of our shares. No shares have been repurchased by us since the programs have been announced other than pursuant to these publicly announced programs. The repurchase programs have no expiration date and do not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be suspended, recommenced or discontinued at any time or from time to time without prior notice. We may repurchase our shares from time to time to the extent permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements, including provisions in our credit agreement, placing limitations on such repurchases.


(2)	Excludes 1,416 shares surrendered to the Company by participants in our share-based compensation plans to satisfy minimum tax withholdings for common stock issued under such plans.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected financial data has been derived from our audited financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, the related notes thereto and the report of our independent registered public accounting firm thereon included elsewhere in this and our previously filed annual reports on Form 10-K.

See Note 4 - Acquisitions of Businesses and Note 5 - Disposition of Assets of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for a discussion regarding acquisitions and dispositions. During the third quarter of 2014, we ceased construction operations in the United Kingdom. The results of the construction operations of our United Kingdom segment for all periods are presented as discontinued operations.

Income Statement Data

(In thousands, except per share data)



	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016			2015			2014
Revenues	$	8,130,631		$	7,686,999		$	7,551,524		$	6,718,726		$	6,424,965
Gross profit	$	1,205,453		$	1,147,012		$	1,037,862		$	944,479		$	907,246
Impairment loss on goodwill and identifiable intangible assets	$	907		$	57,819		$	2,428		$	—		$	1,471
Gain on sale of building	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	11,749
Operating income	$	403,083		$	328,902		$	306,929		$	285,336		$	289,342
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc.	$	283,531		$	227,196		$	181,935		$	172,286		$	168,664

Basic earnings (loss) per common share:
From continuing operations	$	4.92		$	3.85		$	3.05		$	2.74		$	2.61
From discontinued operations	(0.04		)	(0.01		)	(0.05		)	(0.00		)	(0.07		)
	$	4.88		$	3.84		$	3.00		$	2.74		$	2.54

Diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
From continuing operations	$	4.89		$	3.83		$	3.02		$	2.72		$	2.59
From discontinued operations	(0.04		)	(0.01		)	(0.05		)	(0.00		)	(0.07		)
	$	4.85		$	3.82		$	2.97		$	2.72		$	2.52

Balance Sheet Data (In thousands)
	As of December 31,
	2018			2017			2016			2015			2014
Equity ⁽¹⁾	$	1,741,441		$	1,674,117		$	1,537,942		$	1,480,056		$	1,429,387
Total assets	$	4,088,807		$	3,965,904		$	3,852,438		$	3,506,706		$	3,354,558
Goodwill	$	990,887		$	964,893		$	979,628		$	843,170		$	834,102
Borrowings under revolving credit facility	$	25,000		$	25,000		$	125,000		$	—		$	—
Term loan, including current maturities	$	269,620		$	284,810		$	300,000		$	315,000		$	332,500
Other long-term debt, including current maturities	$	9		$	20		$	31		$	44		$	57
Capital lease obligations, including current maturities	$	4,213		$	4,571		$	3,732		$	3,869		$	2,883

_______

(1)

During 2018, we repurchased approximately 3.1 million shares of our common stock for approximately $216.2 million. Since the inception of the repurchase programs in 2011 through December 31, 2018, we have repurchased approximately 15.9 million shares of our common stock for approximately $791.5 million. We have paid quarterly dividends since October 25, 2011. We currently pay a regular quarterly dividend of $0.08 per share, and we expect that quarterly dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future. These transactions result in a reduction of our equity.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

We are one of the largest electrical and mechanical construction and facilities services firms in the United States. In addition, we provide a number of building services and industrial services. Our services are provided to a broad range of commercial, industrial, utility and institutional customers through approximately 80 operating subsidiaries and joint venture entities. Our offices are located in the United States and the United Kingdom.

Operating Segments

Our reportable segments reflect certain reclassifications of prior year amounts from our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment to our United States building services segment due to changes in our internal reporting structure.

We have the following reportable segments, which provide services associated with the design, integration, installation, start-up, operation and maintenance of various systems: (a) United States electrical construction and facilities services (involving systems for electrical power transmission and distribution; premises electrical and lighting systems; process instrumentation in the refining, chemical processing, food processing and mining industries; low-voltage systems, such as fire alarm, security and process control; voice and data communication; roadway and transit lighting; and fiber optic lines); (b) United States mechanical construction and facilities services (involving systems for heating, ventilation, air conditioning, refrigeration and clean-room process ventilation; fire protection; plumbing, process and high-purity piping; controls and filtration; water and wastewater treatment; central plant heating and cooling; cranes and rigging; millwrighting; and steel fabrication, erection and welding); (c) United States building services; (d) United States industrial services; and (e) United Kingdom building services. The “United States building services” and “United Kingdom building services” segments principally consist of those operations which provide a portfolio of services needed to support the operation and maintenance of customers’ facilities, including commercial and government site-based operations and maintenance; facility maintenance and services, including reception, security and catering services; outage services to utilities and industrial plants; military base operations support services; mobile mechanical maintenance and services; floor care and janitorial services; landscaping, lot sweeping and snow removal; facilities management; vendor management; call center services; installation and support for building systems; program development, management and maintenance for energy systems; technical consulting and diagnostic services; infrastructure and building projects for federal, state and local governmental agencies and bodies; and small modification and retrofit projects, which services are not generally related to customers’ construction programs. The “United States industrial services” segment principally consists of those operations which provide industrial maintenance and services, including those for refineries and petrochemical plants, including on-site repairs, maintenance and service of heat exchangers, towers, vessels and piping; design, manufacturing, repair and hydro blast cleaning of shell and tube heat exchangers and related equipment; refinery turnaround planning and engineering services; specialty welding services; overhaul and maintenance of critical process units in refineries and petrochemical plants; and specialty technical services for refineries and petrochemical plants.

2018 versus 2017

Overview

The following table presents selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands, except percentages and per share data):



	2018			2017
Revenues	$	8,130,631		$	7,686,999
Revenues increase from prior year	5.8		%	1.8		%
Restructuring expenses	$	2,306		$	1,577
Impairment loss on goodwill and identifiable intangible assets	$	907		$	57,819
Operating income	$	403,083		$	328,902
Operating income as a percentage of revenues	5.0		%	4.3		%
Income from continuing operations	$	285,922		$	228,050
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc.	$	283,531		$	227,196
Diluted earnings per common share from continuing operations	$	4.89		$	3.83

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The results of our operations for 2018 set new company records in terms of revenues, operating income, operating margin (operating income as a percentage of revenues), net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc. and diluted earnings per common share from continuing operations. The strong operating results were due to revenue growth within all of our reportable segments and an increase in operating income within the majority of our reportable segments.

Operating income and operating margin increased within all of our domestic reportable segments, except for our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment. The improved operating results were primarily attributable to: (a) our United States industrial services segment, as this segment's results were negatively impacted by Hurricane Harvey during the second half of 2017, and (b) improved operating performance within all divisions of our United States building services segment. The decrease in operating income and operating margin within our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment was attributable to $10.0 million of losses incurred on a transportation construction project in the Western region of the United States, which negatively impacted our consolidated operating margin by 0.1%.

Operating income for 2017 included $57.8 million of non-cash impairment charges, which resulted in a 0.8% negative impact on the Company’s operating margin. The results for 2017 also included the recovery of certain contract costs previously disputed on a project that was completed in 2016 within our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, which resulted in $18.1 million of gross profit and favorably impacted consolidated operating margin by 0.2%.

The increase in net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc. and diluted earnings per common share from continuing operations in 2018 was due to an increase in operating income and the reduction in the U.S federal corporate tax rate due to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). Our diluted earnings per common share from continuing operations for 2018 additionally benefited from a decrease in the weighted average number of shares outstanding as a result of the continued repurchase of our common stock.

Impact of Acquisitions

In order to provide a more meaningful period-over-period discussion of our operating results, we may discuss amounts generated or incurred (revenues, gross profit, selling, general and administrative expenses and operating income) from companies acquired. The amounts discussed reflect the acquired companies’ operating results in the current reported period only for the time period these entities were not owned by EMCOR in the comparable prior reported period.

We acquired four companies in 2018. Two companies provide mobile mechanical services, one within the Eastern region and the other within the Western region of the United States. The third company is a full service provider of mechanical services within the Southern region of the United States. The results of these three companies have been included in our United States building services segment. The fourth company provides electrical construction and maintenance services for industrial and commercial buildings in North Texas, and its results have been included in our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment.

We acquired three companies during 2017. One company provides fire protection and alarm services primarily in the Southern region of the United States. The second company provides millwright services for manufacturing companies throughout the United States. Both of their results have been included in our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment. The third company provides mobile mechanical services within the Western region of the United States, and its results have been included in our United States building services segment.

Companies acquired in 2018 and 2017 generated incremental revenues of $90.1 million and incremental operating income of $5.8 million, inclusive of $2.9 million of amortization expense associated with identifiable intangible assets, for the year ended December 31, 2018.

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Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations

Revenues

The following table presents our revenues for each of our operating segments and the approximate percentages that each segment’s revenues were of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands, except for percentages):



	2018		% of Total		2017		% of Total
Revenues from unrelated entities:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	1,954,323	24	%	$	1,829,567	24	%
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	3,020,307		37	%	2,963,815		39	%
United States building services	1,875,485		23	%	1,753,703		23	%
United States industrial services	865,645		11	%	799,169		10	%
Total United States operations	7,715,760		95	%	7,346,254		96	%
United Kingdom building services	414,871		5	%	340,745		4	%
Total worldwide operations	$	8,130,631	100	%	$	7,686,999	100	%

As described in more detail below, revenues for 2018 were $8.1 billion compared to $7.7 billion for 2017. The increase in revenues was attributable to increased revenues from all of our reportable segments. Companies acquired in 2018 and 2017, which are reported in our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment, our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment and our United States building services segment, generated incremental revenues of $90.1 million in 2018.

Revenues of our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment were $1,954.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to revenues of $1,829.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase in revenues was attributable to an increase in activity within all of the market sectors in which we operate, except for the transportation market sector, as we approached substantial completion on several large multi-year transportation construction projects in 2018. In addition, the results for the year ended December 31, 2018 included $20.2 million of incremental revenues generated by a company acquired in 2018.

Our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018 were $3,020.3 million, a $56.5 million increase compared to revenues of $2,963.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase in revenues was primarily attributable to an increase in revenues from commercial and institutional construction projects, partially offset by a decrease in revenues from large projects within the manufacturing market sector. In addition, the results for the year ended December 31, 2018 included $35.3 million of incremental revenues generated by a company acquired in 2017.

Revenues of our United States building services segment were $1,875.5 million and $1,753.7 million in 2018 and 2017, respectively. The increase in revenues was due to: (a) greater project and repair service activities within our mobile mechanical services operations, (b) large project activity within our energy services operations, (c) increased revenues from government site-based operations, partially as a result of additional indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity project activity, and (d) an increase in snow removal activity within our commercial site-based services operations. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in revenues due to the loss of certain contracts not renewed pursuant to rebid within our commercial site-based services operations. In addition, the results for the year ended December 31, 2018 included $34.6 million of incremental revenues generated by companies acquired in 2018 and 2017.

Revenues of our United States industrial services segment for the year ended December 31, 2018 increased by $66.5 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase in revenues was due to an increase in revenues from both our field and shop services operations. The increase in revenues from our field services operations was due to an increase in turnaround project activity during the second half of 2018 as this division began to recover from the negative impact of Hurricane Harvey, which resulted in the cancellation of previously scheduled turnarounds during 2017 and early 2018. The increase in revenues from our shop services operations was due to increases in demand for new build heat exchangers, as well as our cleaning, repair and maintenance services.

Our United Kingdom building services segment revenues were $414.9 million in 2018 compared to $340.7 million in 2017. The increase in revenues was the result of increased project activity with existing customers and new contract awards within the commercial, institutional and water and wastewater market sectors. This segment’s revenues were positively impacted by $15.2 million related to the effect of favorable exchange rates for the British pound versus the United States dollar.

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Cost of sales and Gross profit

The following table presents cost of sales, gross profit (revenues less cost of sales), and gross profit margin (gross profit as a percentage of revenues) for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands, except for percentages):



	2018			2017
Cost of sales	$	6,925,178		$	6,539,987
Gross profit	$	1,205,453		$	1,147,012
Gross profit margin	14.8		%	14.9		%

Our gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $1,205.5 million, a $58.4 million increase compared to gross profit of $1,147.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Our gross profit margin was 14.8% and 14.9% for 2018 and 2017, respectively. The increase in gross profit was attributable to improved operating performance within all of our reportable segments, except for the United States electrical construction and facilities services segment. Gross profit and gross profit margin for the year ended December 31, 2017 were favorably impacted by the recovery of certain contract costs previously disputed on a project that was completed in 2016 within our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, resulting in $18.1 million of gross profit and a 0.2% favorable impact on the Company’s 2017 gross profit margin.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

The following table presents selling, general and administrative expenses and SG&A margin (selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues) for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands, except for percentages):



	2018			2017
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	799,157		$	758,714
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues	9.8		%	9.9		%

Our selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 were $799.2 million, a $40.4 million increase compared to selling, general and administrative expenses of $758.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues were 9.8% and 9.9% for 2018 and 2017, respectively. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 included $12.5 million of incremental expenses directly related to companies acquired in 2018 and 2017, including amortization expense attributable to identifiable intangible assets of $1.3 million. In addition to the impact of acquisitions, selling, general and administrative expenses increased due to: (a) an increase in salaries, partially as a result of an increase in headcount due to higher revenues than in the prior year, (b) an increase in incentive compensation expense, due to higher annual operating results than in the prior year , and (c) increases in other selling, general and administrative expenses, such as information technology, consulting and other professional fees. The decrease in SG&A margin for the year ended December 31, 2018 was partially due to a reduction in the provision for doubtful accounts, primarily within our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment and our United States building services segment, as well as an increase in revenues without commensurate increases in our overhead cost structure.

Restructuring expenses

Restructuring expenses, primarily relating to severance obligations, were $2.3 million and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of restructuring related obligations yet to be paid was $1.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively. The majority of obligations outstanding as of December 31, 2017 were paid during 2018. The majority of obligations outstanding as of December 31, 2018 will be paid throughout 2019 and 2020. No material expenses in connection with restructuring from continuing operations are expected to be incurred during 2019.

Impairment loss on goodwill and identifiable intangible assets

During the second quarter of 2018 and prior to our 2018 annual impairment test on October 1, we recorded a $0.9 million non-cash impairment charge associated with a finite-lived subsidiary trade name within our United States industrial services segment. No additional impairment of our identifiable intangible assets was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2018. Additionally, no impairment of our goodwill was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2018.

In conjunction with our 2017 annual impairment test, we recognized $57.8 million of non-cash impairment charges. Of this amount, $57.5 million related to goodwill within our United States industrial services segment and $0.3 million related to a subsidiary trade name within our United States building services segment. The goodwill impairment primarily resulted from both lower forecasted revenues and operating margins from our United States industrial services segment, which had been adversely affected by poor market conditions, predominately within its shop services operations due to: (a) a prolonged curtailment in capital

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spending from customers, (b) increased foreign competition and (c) economic uncertainty within certain South American markets which caused us to limit our pursuit of opportunities within such countries.

Operating income (loss)

The following table presents by segment our operating income (loss) and each segment’s operating income (loss) as a percentage of such segment’s revenues from unrelated entities for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands, except for percentages):



	2018			% of Segment Revenues		2017			% of Segment Revenues
Operating income (loss):
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	139,430		7.1	%	$	150,001		8.2	%
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	219,352			7.3	%	212,396			7.2	%
United States building services	93,827			5.0	%	81,720			4.7	%
United States industrial services	28,172			3.3	%	19,084			2.4	%
Total United States operations	480,781			6.2	%	463,201			6.3	%
United Kingdom building services	15,930			3.8	%	12,905			3.8	%
Corporate administration	(90,415		)	—		(87,808		)	—
Restructuring expenses	(2,306		)	—		(1,577		)	—
Impairment loss on goodwill and identifiable intangible assets	(907		)	—		(57,819		)	—
Total worldwide operations	403,083			5.0	%	328,902			4.3	%
Other corporate items:
Net periodic pension (cost) income	2,743					1,652
Interest expense	(13,544		)			(12,770		)
Interest income	2,746					965
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	$	395,028				$	318,749

As described in more detail below, we had operating income of $403.1 million for 2018 compared to operating income of $328.9 million for 2017. Operating margin was 5.0% and 4.3% for 2018 and 2017, respectively. Operating income and operating margin increased within all of our domestic reportable segments, except for our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment. In addition, operating income increased within our United Kingdom building services segment, while operating margin remained flat.

The Company’s operating income and operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2017 included $57.8 million of non-cash impairment charges, which resulted in a 0.8% negative impact on the Company’s operating margin. Operating income and operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2017 benefited from the recovery of certain contract costs previously disputed on a project completed in 2016 within our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, which resulted in a 0.2% favorable impact on the Company’s operating margin.

Operating income of our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $139.4 million compared to operating income of $150.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The decrease in operating income was attributable to a decrease in gross profit from institutional and healthcare construction projects, partially offset by an increase in gross profit from manufacturing, hospitality and commercial construction projects. In addition, otherwise strong performance by this segment within the transportation market sector in 2018 was negatively impacted by $10.0 million of losses incurred on a construction project in the Western region of the United States, resulting in part from contract scope issues. The decrease in operating margin was primarily due to the loss discussed above, which negatively impacted this segment’s operating margin by 0.6% for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment operating income for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $219.4 million, a $7.0 million increase compared to operating income of $212.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase in operating income for the year ended December 31, 2018 was attributable to an increase in gross profit from commercial, manufacturing and hospitality construction projects, partially offset by a decrease in gross profit from institutional and water and wastewater construction projects. A company acquired in 2017 contributed incremental operating income of $3.6 million, inclusive of $0.8 million of amortization expense associated with identifiable intangible assets. The increase in operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2018 was attributable to an increase in gross profit margin. This segment’s operating

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income in 2017 benefited from the recovery of certain contract costs previously disputed on a project completed in 2016, which resulted in $18.1 million of gross profit and favorably impacted this segment’s operating margin by 0.6%.

Operating income of our United States building services segment was $93.8 million and $81.7 million in 2018 and 2017, respectively. The increase in operating income for the year ended December 31, 2018 was due to increases in operating income from: (a) our energy services operations, due to large project activity, (b) our government site-based services operations, partially as a result of an increase in indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity project activity, (c) our mobile mechanical services operations, as a result of increases in gross profit from project, service and control activities, and (d) our commercial site-based operations, partially as a result of (i) scope expansion on existing contracts and (ii) an increase in snow removal activities from contracts that are based on a per snow event basis. Additionally, companies acquired in 2018 and 2017 within our mobile mechanical services division, contributed incremental operating income of $2.4 million, inclusive of $1.7 million of amortization expense associated with identifiable intangible assets, for the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase in operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2018 was attributable to an increase in gross profit margin and a decrease in the ratio of selling, general and administrative expenses to revenues.

Operating income of our United States industrial services segment for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $28.2 million, a $9.1 million increase compared to operating income of $19.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase in operating income for the year ended December 31, 2018 was attributable to an increase in demand and improved operating performance within both our shop and field services operations. The increase in operating income from our shop services operations was due to increases in demand for new build heat exchangers, as well as our cleaning, repair and maintenance services. The increase in operating income from our field services operations was due to an increase in turnaround project activity during the second half of 2018 as this division began to recover from the negative impact of Hurricane Harvey, which resulted in the cancellation of previously scheduled turnarounds during 2017 and early 2018. The increase in operating margin was attributable to a decrease in the ratio of selling, general and administrative expenses to revenues.

Our United Kingdom building services segment’s operating income for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $15.9 million compared to operating income of $12.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Operating income increased primarily due to an increase in gross profit from project activity with existing customers. In addition, the results for the year ended December 31, 2018 benefited from an increase in gross profit from new contract awards within the commercial, institutional and water and wastewater market sectors. This segment’s results included an increase in operating income of $0.6 million relating to the effect of favorable exchange rates for the British pound versus the United States dollar.

Our corporate administration operating loss was $90.4 million for 2018 compared to $87.8 million in 2017. The increase in corporate administration expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 was due to an increase in consulting and other professional fees, primarily related to certain information technology and cybersecurity initiatives currently in process.

Non-operating items

Interest expense was $13.5 million and $12.8 million for 2018 and 2017, respectively. Interest income was $2.7 million and $1.0 million for 2018 and 2017, respectively. The increase in interest expense and interest income resulted from higher interest rates. The increase in interest expense was partially offset by the impact of reduced average outstanding borrowings.

For joint ventures that have been accounted for using the consolidation method of accounting, noncontrolling interests represent the allocation of earnings to our joint venture partners who either have a minority-ownership interest in the joint venture or are not at risk for the majority of losses of the joint venture.

Our 2018 income tax provision from continuing operations was $109.1 million compared to $90.7 million for 2017. The actual income tax rates on income from continuing operations before income taxes, less amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, were 27.6% and 28.5%, respectively. The increase in the 2018 income tax provision was primarily due to increased income before income taxes. The decrease in the 2018 actual income tax rate was due to the net impact of the Tax Act, including the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% in 2018, offset by the benefit associated with the re-measurement of our net deferred tax liability balance in 2017.

Discontinued operations

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Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

The following table presents the transaction price allocated to remaining unsatisfied performance obligations (“remaining performance obligations”) in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”) for each of our reportable segments and their respective percentage total of remaining performance obligations (in thousands, except for percentages):



	December 31, 2018		% of Total		September 30, 2018		% of Total
Remaining performance obligations:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	1,085,571	27	%	$	1,181,620	30	%
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	2,245,584		57	%	2,152,271		54	%
United States building services	435,074		11	%	434,386		11	%
United States industrial services	67,529		2	%	74,659		2	%
Total United States operations	3,833,758		97	%	3,842,936		97	%
United Kingdom building services	130,524		3	%	126,732		3	%
Total worldwide operations	$	3,964,282	100	%	$	3,969,668	100	%

Our remaining performance obligations at December 31, 2018 were $3.96 billion. Remaining performance obligations increase with awards of new contracts and decrease as we perform work and recognize revenue on existing contracts. We include a project within our remaining performance obligations at such time as the project is awarded and agreement on contract terms has been reached. Our remaining performance obligations include amounts related to contracts for which a fixed price contract value is not assigned when a reasonable estimate of total transaction price can be made.

Remaining performance obligations include unrecognized revenues to be realized from uncompleted construction contracts. Although many of our construction contracts are subject to cancellation at the election of our customers, in accordance with industry practice, we do not limit the amount of unrecognized revenue included within remaining performance obligations due to the inherent substantial economic penalty that would be incurred by our customers upon cancellation. We believe our reported remaining performance obligations for our construction contracts are firm and contract cancellations have not had a material adverse effect on us.

Our remaining performance obligations at December 31, 2018 were $3.96 billion compared to $3.97 billion at September 30, 2018. The slight decrease in remaining performance obligations at December 31, 2018 was attributable to a decrease in remaining performance obligations from our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment and our United States industrial services segment, partially offset by an increase in remaining performance obligations from our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment.

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2017 versus 2016

Overview

The following table presents selected financial data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands, except percentages and per share data):



	2017			2016
Revenues	$	7,686,999		$	7,551,524
Revenues increase from prior year	1.8		%	12.4		%
Restructuring expenses	$	1,577		$	1,438
Impairment loss on goodwill and identifiable intangible assets	$	57,819		$	2,428
Operating income	$	328,902		$	306,929
Operating income as a percentage of revenues	4.3		%	4.1		%
Income from continuing operations	$	228,050		$	185,295
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc.	$	227,196		$	181,935
Diluted earnings per common share from continuing operations	$	3.83		$	3.02

The increase in revenues for 2017 was primarily attributable to incremental revenues of $192.4 million generated by companies acquired in 2017 and 2016, which are reported in our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment, our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment and our United States building services segment. Excluding the effect of these acquisitions, revenues for 2017 decreased due to lower revenues from: (a) our United States industrial services segment, due to: (i) a decrease in large project activity from our specialty services offerings within our field services operations, (ii) the negative impact of Hurricane Harvey, which resulted in the deferral and cancellation of previously scheduled turnaround projects, and (iii) our industrial shop services operations and (b) our United States building services segment, primarily attributable to: (i) the loss of certain contracts not renewed pursuant to rebid within our commercial and government site-based services operations and (ii) a reduction in large project activity within their energy services operations. These decreases in revenues were partially offset by an increase in revenues from both of our domestic construction segments and our United Kingdom building services segment.

During 2017, as a result of continued adverse market conditions, we experienced a decrease in demand for the offerings within our United States industrial services segment. Consequently, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $57.5 million during the fourth quarter of 2017.

Operating income and operating margin increased within all of our reportable segments, except for our United States industrial services segment. The overall increase in operating income and operating margin was mainly attributable to the results of our domestic construction segments, which were favorably impacted by an increase in gross profit within the majority of the market sectors in which we operate. In addition, our 2016 operating results were negatively impacted by: (a) $27.9 million of aggregate losses incurred on two construction projects reported within our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment and (b) $19.4 million of losses incurred on a transportation construction project in the Northeastern region of the United States reported within our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment

Impact of Acquisitions

We completed the acquisition of Ardent Services, L.L.C. and Rabalais Constructors, LLC (collectively, “Ardent”) during 2016. This acquisition has been included in our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment. Ardent provides electrical and instrumentation services to the energy infrastructure market in North America, and this acquisition further strengthens our position in electrical construction and services and broadens our capabilities across the industrial and energy sectors, especially in the Gulf Coast, Midwest and Western regions of the United States. Additionally during 2016, we acquired another company for an immaterial amount. This company provides mobile mechanical services within the Southeastern region of the United States, and its results have been included in our United States building services segment.

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Companies acquired in 2017 and 2016 generated incremental revenues of $192.4 million and incremental operating income of $3.5 million, inclusive of $10.7 million of amortization expense associated with identifiable intangible assets, for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations

Revenues



	2017		% of Total		2016		% of Total
Revenues from unrelated entities:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	1,829,567	24	%	$	1,704,403	23	%
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	2,963,815		39	%	2,643,321		35	%
United States building services	1,753,703		23	%	1,810,229		24	%
United States industrial services	799,169		10	%	1,067,315		14	%
Total United States operations	7,346,254		96	%	7,225,268		96	%
United Kingdom building services	340,745		4	%	326,256		4	%
Total worldwide operations	$	7,686,999	100	%	$	7,551,524	100	%

As described in more detail below, revenues for 2017 were $7.7 billion compared to $7.6 billion for 2016. Increases in revenues within both of our domestic construction segments and our United Kingdom building services segment were partially offset by decreases within our United States industrial services segment and our United States building services segment. The increase in revenues for 2017 was primarily attributable to incremental revenues of $192.4 million generated by companies acquired in 2017 and 2016, which are reported in our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment, our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment and our United States building services segment.

Revenues of our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment were $1,829.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to revenues of $1,704.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in revenues was primarily attributable to an increase in revenues from commercial, institutional and healthcare construction projects. The increase in revenues within the commercial market sector was primarily a result of work performed on numerous telecommunication construction projects. The results for the year ended December 31, 2017 included $50.4 million of incremental revenues generated by the acquisition of Ardent.

Our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017 were $2,963.8 million, a $320.5 million increase compared to revenues of $2,643.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in revenues was primarily attributable to an increase in revenues from healthcare, commercial and hospitality construction projects. The results for the year ended December 31, 2017 included $76.2 million of incremental revenues generated by companies acquired in 2017.

Revenues of our United States building services segment were $1,753.7 million and $1,810.2 million in 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decrease in revenues was primarily attributable to: (a) the loss of certain contracts not renewed pursuant to rebid within our commercial and government site-based services operations, (b) a reduction in large project activity within our energy services operations and (c) a reduction in snow removal activities within our commercial site-based services operations. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in revenues from our mobile mechanical services operations as a result of greater project, service and controls activities. The results for the year ended December 31, 2017 included $65.8 million of incremental revenues generated by companies acquired in 2017 and 2016.

Revenues of our United States industrial services segment for the year ended December 31, 2017 decreased by $268.1 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in revenues was attributable to decreased large project activity from our specialty services offerings within our field services operations, as well as a continued decrease in demand for new build heat exchangers from our shop services operations. In addition, this segment’s revenues were negatively impacted by Hurricane Harvey, which resulted in the deferral and cancellation of previously scheduled turnaround projects. Such decrease in turnaround projects also led to reduced repair work within our shop services operations.

Our United Kingdom building services segment revenues were $340.7 million in 2017 compared to $326.3 million in 2016. The increase in revenues was the result of new contract awards within the commercial and institutional market sectors, partially offset by a decrease in project activity with existing customers. This segment’s revenues were negatively impacted by $15.9 million

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related to the effect of unfavorable exchange rates for the British pound versus the United States dollar. The unfavorable exchange rates for the year ended December 31, 2017 resulted, in part, from the 2016 decision by the United Kingdom to exit the European Union.

Cost of sales and Gross profit

The following table presents cost of sales, gross profit, and gross profit margin for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands, except for percentages):



	2017			2016
Cost of sales	$	6,539,987		$	6,513,662
Gross profit	$	1,147,012		$	1,037,862
Gross profit margin	14.9		%	13.7		%

Our gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $1,147.0 million, a $109.2 million increase compared to gross profit of $1,037.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Our gross profit margin was 14.9% and 13.7% for 2017 and 2016, respectively. Gross profit and gross profit margin were favorably impacted by improved operating performance within all of our reportable segments, except for our United States industrial services segment. Gross profit and gross profit margin within our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment for the year ended December 31, 2017 were favorably impacted by the recovery of certain contract costs previously disputed on a project that was completed in 2016, resulting in $18.1 million of gross profit and a 0.2% favorable impact on the Company’s gross profit margin. In addition, the Company’s gross profit and gross profit margin for the year ended December 31, 2016 were negatively impacted by $47.3 million of losses incurred on the three construction projects previously referenced, which resulted in a 0.8% negative impact on the Company’s gross profit margin for the prior year.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

The following table presents selling, general and administrative expenses and SG&A margin, for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands, except for percentages):



	2017			2016
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	758,714		$	727,067
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues	9.9		%	9.6		%

Our selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 were $758.7 million, a $31.6 million increase compared to selling, general and administrative expenses of $727.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues were 9.9% and 9.6% for 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 included $24.4 million of incremental expenses directly related to companies acquired in 2017 and 2016, including amortization expense attributable to identifiable intangible assets of $3.9 million. In addition to the impact of acquisitions, selling, general and administrative expenses increased due to: (a) an increase in salaries, primarily within our United States mechanical construction and facilities segment, partially as a result of an increase in headcount due to higher revenues compared to the prior year, (b) an increase in incentive compensation expense due to higher annual operating results than in the same prior year period, which resulted in increased accruals for certain of our incentive compensation plans, and (c) an increase in employee healthcare costs. Our selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 included $3.8 million of transaction costs associated with the acquisition of Ardent. The increase in SG&A margin for the year ended December 31, 2017 was due to: (a) unabsorbed overhead costs within our United States industrial services segment due to the deferral and cancellation of certain turnaround activity as a result of Hurricane Harvey and (b) an increase in both the provision for doubtful accounts and employee healthcare costs.

Restructuring expenses

Restructuring expenses, primarily relating to severance obligations, were $1.6 million and $1.4 million for 2017 and 2016, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the balance of restructuring related obligations yet to be paid was $0.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively. The majority of obligations outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 were paid during 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Impairment loss on goodwill and identifiable intangible assets

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subsidiary trade name within our United States building services segment. The goodwill impairment primarily resulted from both lower forecasted revenues and operating margins from our United States industrial services segment, which had been adversely affected by poor market conditions, predominately within its shop services operations due to: (a) a prolonged curtailment in capital spending from customers, (b) increased foreign competition and (c) economic uncertainty within certain South American markets which caused us to limit our pursuit of opportunities within such countries.

In conjunction with our 2016 annual impairment test, we recognized a $2.4 million non-cash impairment charge related to a subsidiary trade name within the United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment. The 2016 impairment resulted from a decrease in the hypothetical royalty rate and lower forecasted revenues from a company within this segment. No impairment of our goodwill was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Operating income (loss)



	2017			% of Segment Revenues		2016			% of Segment Revenues
Operating income (loss):
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	150,001		8.2	%	$	101,761		6.0	%
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	212,396			7.2	%	132,743			5.0	%
United States building services	81,720			4.7	%	77,100			4.3	%
United States industrial services	19,084			2.4	%	77,845			7.3	%
Total United States operations	463,201			6.3	%	389,449			5.4	%
United Kingdom building services	12,905			3.8	%	10,086			3.1	%
Corporate administration	(87,808		)	—		(88,740		)	—
Restructuring expenses	(1,577		)	—		(1,438		)	—
Impairment loss on goodwill and identifiable intangible assets	(57,819		)	—		(2,428		)	—
Total worldwide operations	328,902			4.3	%	306,929			4.1	%
Other corporate items:
Net periodic pension (cost) income	1,652					1,529
Interest expense	(12,770		)			(12,627		)
Interest income	965					663
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	$	318,749				$	296,494

As described in more detail below, we had operating income of $328.9 million for 2017 compared to operating income of $306.9 million for 2016. Operating margin was 4.3% and 4.1% for 2017 and 2016, respectively. Operating income for the year ended December 31, 2017 included $57.8 million of non-cash impairment charges, which resulted in a 0.8% negative impact on the Company’s operating margin. Operating income and operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2017 benefited from the recovery of certain contract costs previously disputed on a project completed in 2016 within our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, which resulted in a 0.2% favorable impact on the Company’s operating margin.

The Company’s operating income and operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2016 were negatively impacted by $47.3 million of losses incurred on the three construction projects previously referenced, which resulted in a 0.7% negative impact on the Company’s operating margin for 2016.

Operating income of our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $150.0 million compared to operating income of $101.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in operating income was attributable to an increase in gross profit from: (a) the commercial market sector, primarily as a result of work performed on numerous telecommunication construction projects, (b) the transportation market sector, due to large project activity, and (c) construction projects within the institutional market sector. In addition, the results for the year ended December 31, 2016 included losses of $19.4 million incurred on a construction project in the Northeastern United States. The increase in operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2017 was attributable to improved operating performance, partially as a result of increased gross profit margin from numerous construction projects within the commercial and transportation market sectors.

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Operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2016 was negatively impacted by 1.2% as a result of the losses incurred on the construction project previously referenced.

Our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment operating income for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $212.4 million, a $79.7 million increase compared to operating income of $132.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in operating income for the year ended December 31, 2017 was attributable to an increase in gross profit from the majority of the market sectors in which we operate. Additionally, this segment’s operating income benefited from the recovery of certain contract costs previously disputed on a project completed in 2016, which resulted in $18.1 million of gross profit. Companies acquired in 2017 contributed incremental operating income of $2.7 million, inclusive of $8.3 million of amortization expense associated with identifiable intangible assets. The increase in operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2017 was attributable to an increase in gross profit margin. The recovery of the previously disputed contract costs discussed above favorably impacted this segment’s operating margin by 0.6% for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Operating income of our United States building services segment was $81.7 million and $77.1 million in 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase in operating income for the year ended December 31, 2017 was due to increases in operating income from: (a) our mobile mechanical services operations, as a result of increases in gross profit from project, service and control activities, and (b) our energy services operations. The increase in operating income for our energy services operations primarily resulted from improved project execution, as the results for the year ended December 31, 2016 included a loss incurred on a large project. Additionally, companies acquired in 2017 and 2016 within our mobile mechanical services operations, contributed incremental operating income of $2.6 million, inclusive of $1.5 million of amortization expense associated with identifiable intangible assets, for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase in operating income for the year ended December 31, 2017 was partially offset by a decrease in gross profit from our commercial site-based services operations partially due to: (a) the loss of certain contracts not renewed pursuant to rebid and (b) a reduction in snow removal activities. The increase in operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2017 was attributable to an increase in gross profit margin.

Operating income of our United States industrial services segment for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $19.1 million, a $58.8 million decrease compared to operating income of $77.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in operating income for the year ended December 31, 2017 was attributable to a decrease in gross profit from: (a) our specialty services offerings within our field services operations, as a result of reduced large project activity, (b) a decrease in turnaround activity from our field services operations, partially due to Hurricane Harvey, which resulted in the deferral and cancellation of previously scheduled turnaround projects, and (c) the mix of work in our industrial shop services operations, which included fewer repair projects that generate higher gross profit margins. The decrease in operating margin was attributable to a decrease in gross profit margin and an increase in the ratio of selling, general and administrative expenses to revenues. The increase in SG&A margin for the year ended December 31, 2017 was partially the result of unabsorbed overhead costs as a result of project deferrals and cancellations due to Hurricane Harvey and lower specialty services revenues.

Our United Kingdom building services segment’s operating income for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $12.9 million compared to operating income of $10.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Operating income increased primarily due to an increase in gross profit from new contract awards, partially offset by a decrease in gross profit from project activity. This segment’s results included a decrease in operating income of $0.3 million relating to the effect of unfavorable exchange rates for the British pound versus the United States dollar. The increase in operating margin for the year ended December 31, 2017 was attributable to an increase in gross profit margin and a decrease in SG&A margin.

Our corporate administration operating loss was $87.8 million for 2017 compared to $88.7 million in 2016. The decrease in corporate administration expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 was primarily due to a decrease in professional fees, as the results for 2016 included $3.8 million of transaction costs associated with the acquisition of Ardent. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in software licensing costs and incentive compensation expense.

Non-operating items

Interest expense was $12.8 million and $12.6 million for 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to increased average outstanding borrowings in 2017 and a higher United States dollar LIBOR rate. Interest income was $1.0 million and $0.7 million for 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Our 2017 income tax provision from continuing operations was $90.7 million compared to $111.2 million for 2016. The actual income tax rates on income from continuing operations before income taxes, less amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests, for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, were 28.5% and 37.5%, respectively. The decrease in the 2017 income tax provision compared to 2016 was predominantly due to the revaluation of the Company’s net deferred tax liability balances as a result of the Tax Act, partially offset by increased income before income taxes.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table presents net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):



	2018			2017			2016
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	271,011		$	366,049		$	262,372
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(117,722	)	$	(138,093	)	$	(270,671	)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(253,042	)	$	(228,470	)	$	(9,429	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(3,421	)	$	3,242		$	(6,675	)

Our consolidated cash balance, including cash equivalents and restricted cash, decreased by approximately $103.2 million from $469.4 million at December 31, 2017 to $366.2 million at December 31, 2018. Net cash provided by operating activities for 2018 was $271.0 million compared to $366.0 million of net cash provided by operating activities for 2017. The reduction in cash flows from operating activities was primarily due to organic revenue growth, which resulted in increased working capital levels. Net cash used in investing activities was $117.7 million for 2018 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $138.1 million for 2017. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to a reduction in payments for acquisitions of businesses. Net cash used in financing activities for 2018 increased by approximately $24.6 million compared to 2017 primarily due to an increase in funds used for the repurchase of common stock, partially offset by reduced debt repayments compared to the prior year. Cash flows from discontinued operations were immaterial and are not expected to significantly affect future liquidity.

Our consolidated cash balance, including cash equivalents and restricted cash, increased by approximately $2.7 million from $466.7 million at December 31, 2016 to $469.4 million at December 31, 2017. Net cash provided by operating activities for 2017 was $366.0 million compared to $262.4 million of net cash provided by operating activities for 2016. The increase in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to a $45.0 million increase in net income and improved cash flows from accounts payable. Net cash used in investing activities was $138.1 million for 2017 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $270.7 million for 2016. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to a reduction in payments for acquisitions of businesses. Net cash flows from financing activities for 2017 decreased by approximately $219.0 million compared to 2016 primarily as a result of net borrowings made under our credit agreements in 2016.

The following is a summary of material contractual obligations and other commercial commitments (in millions):



	Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligations	Total		Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		After 5 years
Revolving credit facility (including interest at 3.52%) ⁽¹⁾	$	27.3	$	0.9	$	26.4	$	—	$	—
Term Loan (including interest at 3.52%) ⁽¹⁾	292.9		24.6		268.3		—		—
Capital lease obligations	4.4		2.1		2.0		0.3		—
Operating leases	270.1		55.8		85.9		55.9		72.5
Open purchase obligations ⁽²⁾	1,200.0		1,008.9		190.4		0.7		—
Other long-term obligations, including current portion ⁽³⁾	382.4		65.5		307.4		9.5		—
Total Contractual Obligations	$	2,177.1	$	1,157.8	$	880.4	$	66.4	$	72.5

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	Amount of Commitment Expirations by Period
Other Commercial Commitments	Total Amounts Committed		Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		After 5 years
Letters of credit	$	109.0	$	109.0	$	—	$	—	$	—

_________

(1)

On August 3, 2016, we entered into a $900.0 million revolving credit facility (the “2016 Revolving Credit Facility”) and a $400.0 million term loan (the “2016 Term Loan”) (collectively referred to as the “2016 Credit Agreement”). As of December 31, 2018, the amount outstanding under the 2016 Term Loan was $269.6 million. As of December 31, 2018, there were borrowings outstanding of $25.0 million under the 2016 Revolving Credit Facility.


(2)	Represents open purchase orders for material and subcontracting costs related to construction and service contracts. These purchase orders are not reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and should not impact future cash flows, as amounts should be recovered through customer billings.

(3)

Represents primarily insurance related liabilities, and liabilities for deferred income taxes, incentive compensation and deferred compensation, classified as other long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cash payments for insurance and deferred compensation related liabilities may be payable beyond three years, but it is not practical to estimate these payments; therefore, these liabilities are reflected in the 1-3 years payment period. We provide funding to our post retirement plans based on at least the minimum funding required by applicable regulations. In determining the minimum required funding, we utilize current actuarial assumptions and exchange rates to forecast estimates of amounts that may be payable for up to five years in the future. In our judgment, minimum funding estimates beyond a five year time horizon cannot be reliably estimated, and therefore, have not been included in the table.

We have a credit agreement dated as of August 3, 2016, which provides for a $900.0 million revolving credit facility (the “2016 Revolving Credit Facility”) and a $400.0 million term loan (the “2016 Term Loan”) (collectively referred to as the “2016 Credit Agreement”) expiring August 3, 2021. We may increase the 2016 Revolving Credit Facility to $1.3 billion if additional lenders are identified and/or existing lenders are willing to increase their current commitments. We may allocate up to $300.0 million of available capacity under the 2016 Revolving Credit Facility to letters of credit for our account or for the account of any of our subsidiaries. Obligations under the 2016 Credit Agreement are guaranteed by most of our direct and indirect subsidiaries and are secured by substantially all of our assets. The 2016 Credit Agreement contains various covenants providing for, among other things, maintenance of certain financial ratios and certain limitations on payment of dividends, common stock repurchases, investments, acquisitions, indebtedness and capital expenditures. We were in compliance with all such covenants as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. A commitment fee is payable on the average daily unused amount of the 2016 Revolving Credit Facility, which ranges from 0.15% to 0.30%, based on certain financial tests. The fee was 0.15% of the unused amount as of December 31, 2018. Borrowings under the 2016 Credit Agreement bear interest at (1) a base rate plus a margin of 0.00% to 0.75%, based on certain financial tests, or (2) United States dollar LIBOR (2.52% at December 31, 2018) plus 1.00% to 1.75%, based on certain financial tests. The base rate is determined by the greater of (a) the prime commercial lending rate announced by Bank of Montreal from time to time (5.50% at December 31, 2018), (b) the federal funds effective rate, plus ½ of 1.00%, (c) the daily one month LIBOR rate, plus 1.00%, or (d) 0.00%. The interest rate in effect at December 31, 2018 was 3.52% . Fees for letters of credit issued under the 2016 Revolving Credit Facility range from 1.00% to 1.75% of the respective face amounts of outstanding letters of credit and are computed based on certain financial tests. Debt issuance costs are amortized over the life of the agreement and are included as part of interest expense. The 2016 Term Loan previously required us to make principal payments of $5.0 million on the last day of March, June, September and December of each year, which commenced with the calendar quarter ended December 31, 2016. On December 30, 2016, we made a payment of $100.0 million, of which $5.0 million represented our required quarterly payment and $95.0 million represented a prepayment of outstanding principal. Such prepayment was applied against the remaining mandatory quarterly payments on a ratable basis. As a result, commencing with the calendar quarter ended March 31, 2017, our required quarterly payment has been reduced to $3.8 million. All unpaid principal and interest is due on August 3, 2021. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of the 2016 Term Loan was $269.6 million and $284.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had approximately $109.0 million and $110.1 million of letters of credit outstanding, respectively. There were $25.0 million in borrowings outstanding under the 2016 Revolving Credit Facility as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.

The terms of our construction contracts frequently require that we obtain from surety companies (“Surety Companies”) and provide to our customers payment and performance bonds (“Surety Bonds”) as a condition to the award of such contracts. The Surety Bonds secure our payment and performance obligations under such contracts, and we have agreed to indemnify the Surety Companies for amounts, if any, paid by them in respect of Surety Bonds issued on our behalf. In addition, at the request of labor unions representing certain of our employees, Surety Bonds are sometimes provided to secure obligations for wages and benefits payable to or for such employees. Public sector contracts require Surety Bonds more frequently than private sector contracts and, accordingly, our bonding requirements typically increase as the amount of public sector work increases. As of December 31, 2018,

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based on the percentage-of-completion of our projects covered by Surety Bonds, our aggregate estimated exposure, assuming defaults on all our then existing contractual obligations, was approximately $1.1 billion, which represents approximately 28% of our total remaining performance obligations. The Surety Bonds are issued by Surety Companies in return for premiums, which vary depending on the size and type of bond.

From time to time, we discuss with our current and other Surety Bond providers the amounts of Surety Bonds that may be available to us based on our financial strength and the absence of any default by us on any Surety Bond issued on our behalf and believe those amounts are currently adequate for our needs. However, if we experience changes in our bonding relationships or if there are adverse changes in the surety industry, we may (i) seek to satisfy certain customer requests for Surety Bonds by posting other forms of collateral in lieu of Surety Bonds, such as letters of credit, parent company guarantees or cash, in order to convince customers to forego the requirement for Surety Bonds, (ii) increase our activities in our business segments that rarely require Surety Bonds, such as our building and industrial services segments, and/or (iii) refrain from bidding for certain projects that require Surety Bonds. There can be no assurance that we would be able to effectuate alternatives to providing Surety Bonds to our customers or to obtain, on favorable terms, sufficient additional work that does not require Surety Bonds. Accordingly, if we were to experience a reduction in the availability of Surety Bonds, we could experience a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows.

In the ordinary course of business, we, at times, guarantee obligations of our subsidiaries under certain contracts. Generally, we are liable under such an arrangement only if our subsidiary fails to perform its obligations under the contract. Historically, we have not incurred any substantial liabilities as a consequence of these guarantees.

We do not have any other material financial guarantees or off-balance sheet arrangements other than those disclosed herein.

We are a party to lawsuits and other proceedings in which other parties seek to recover from us amounts ranging from a few thousand dollars to over $10.0 million. We do not believe that any such matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

On September 26, 2011, our Board of Directors authorized us to repurchase up to $100.0 million of our outstanding common stock. On December 5, 2013, October 23, 2014, October 28, 2015, October 25, 2017 and October 23, 2018, our Board of Directors authorized us to repurchase up to an additional $100.0 million, $250.0 million, $200.0 million, $100.0 million and $200.0 million of our outstanding common stock, respectively. During 2018, we repurchased approximately 3.1 million shares of our common stock for approximately $216.2 million. Since the inception of the repurchase programs through December 31, 2018 we have repurchased approximately 15.9 million shares of our common stock for approximately $791.5 million. As of December 31, 2018, there remained authorization for us to repurchase approximately $158.5 million of our shares. The repurchase programs have no expiration date and do not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be suspended, recommenced or discontinued at any time or from time to time without prior notice. We may repurchase our shares from time to time to the extent permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements, including provisions in our 2016 Credit Agreement, placing limitations on such repurchases. The repurchase programs have been and will be funded from our operations.

We have paid quarterly dividends since October 25, 2011. We currently pay a regular quarterly dividend of $0.08 per share. Our 2016 Credit Agreement places limitations on the payment of dividends on our common stock. However, we do not believe that the terms of such agreement currently materially limit our ability to pay a quarterly dividend of $0.08 per share for the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends has been and will be funded from our operations.

Our primary source of liquidity has been, and is expected to continue to be, cash generated by operating activities. We also maintain our 2016 Revolving Credit Facility that may be utilized, among other things, to meet short-term liquidity needs in the event cash generated by operating activities is insufficient or to enable us to participate in joint ventures or to make acquisitions that may require access to cash on short notice or for any other reason. Negative macroeconomic trends may have an adverse effect on liquidity. During economic downturns, there have typically been fewer small discretionary projects from the private sector, and our competitors have aggressively bid larger long-term infrastructure and public sector contracts. Short-term liquidity is also impacted by the type and length of construction contracts in place and large turnaround activities in our United States industrial services segment that are billed in arrears pursuant to contractual terms that are standard within the industry. Performance of long duration contracts typically requires greater amounts of working capital. While we strive to negotiate favorable billing terms which allow us to invoice in advance of costs incurred on certain of our contracts, there can be no assurance that such terms will be agreed to by our customers.

Long-term liquidity requirements can be expected to be met initially through cash generated from operating activities and our 2016 Revolving Credit Facility. Based upon our current credit ratings and financial position, we can reasonably expect to be able to incur long-term debt to fund acquisitions. Over the long term, our primary revenue risk factor continues to be the level of demand for non-residential construction services and for building and industrial services, which is influenced by macroeconomic trends

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including interest rates and governmental economic policy. In addition, our ability to perform work is critical to meeting long-term liquidity requirements.

We believe that our current cash balances and our borrowing capacity available under our 2016 Revolving Credit Facility or other forms of financing available to us through borrowings, combined with cash expected to be generated from operations, will be sufficient to provide short-term and foreseeable long-term liquidity and meet our expected capital expenditure requirements.

Certain Insurance Matters

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we utilized approximately $108.9 million and $109.7 million, respectively, of letters of credit obtained under our 2016 Revolving Credit Facility as collateral for insurance obligations.

New Accounting Pronouncements

We review new accounting standards to determine the expected impact, if any, that the adoption of such standards will have on our financial position and/or results of operations. See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for further information regarding new accounting standards, including the anticipated dates of adoption and the effects on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Application of Critical Accounting Policies

Our consolidated financial statements are based on the application of significant accounting policies, which require management to make significant estimates and assumptions. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K. We believe that some of the more critical judgment areas in the application of accounting policies that affect our financial condition and results of operations are the impact of changes in the estimates and judgments pertaining to: (a) revenue recognition from contracts with customers; (b) collectibility or valuation of accounts receivable; (c) insurance liabilities; (d) income taxes; and (e) goodwill and identifiable intangible assets.

Revenue Recognition from Contracts with Customers

We believe our most critical accounting policy is revenue recognition in accordance with ASC 606. ASC 606 aligns revenue recognition with the timing of when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This core principle is achieved through the application of the following five step model: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue as performance obligations are satisfied.

The Company recognizes revenue at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to its customers. A good or service is considered to be transferred when the customer obtains control. The Company can transfer control of a good or service and satisfy its performance obligations either over time or at a point in time. The Company transfers control of a good or service over time and, therefore, satisfies a performance obligation and recognizes revenue over time if one of the following three criteria are met: (a) the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company’s performance as we perform, (b) the Company’s performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced, or (c) the Company’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to us, and we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.

For our performance obligations satisfied over time, we recognize revenue by measuring the progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion can be either an input method or an output method and requires judgment based on the nature of the goods or services to be provided.

For our construction contracts, revenue is generally recognized over time as our performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as it is created or enhanced. Our fixed price construction projects generally use a cost-to-cost input method to measure our progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation as we believe it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. For our unit price construction contracts, progress towards complete satisfaction is measured through an output method, such as the amount of units produced or delivered, when our performance does not produce significant amounts of work in process or finished goods prior to complete satisfaction of such performance obligations.

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For our services contracts, revenue is also generally recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of our performance as we perform the service. For our fixed price service contracts with specified service periods, revenue is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over such service period when our inputs are expended evenly, and the customer receives and consumes the benefits of our performance throughout the contract term.

The timing of revenue recognition for the manufacturing of new build heat exchangers within our United States industrial services segment depends on the payment terms of the contract, as our performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to us. For those contracts for which we have a right to payment for performance completed to date at all times throughout our performance, inclusive of a cancellation, we recognize revenue over time. These performance obligations use a cost-to-cost input method to measure our progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation as we believe it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. However, for those contracts for which we do not have a right, at all times, to payment for performance completed to date, we recognize revenue at the point in time when control is transferred to the customer. For bill-and-hold arrangements, revenue is recognized when the customer obtains control of the heat exchanger, which may be prior to shipping, if the criteria of ASC 606 are met.

For certain of our revenue streams, such as call-out repair and service work, outage services, refinery turnarounds and specialty welding services that are performed under time and materials contracts, our progress towards complete satisfaction of such performance obligations is measured using an output method as the customer receives and consumes the benefits of our performance completed to date.

Due to uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, it is possible that estimates of costs to complete a performance obligation will be revised in the near-term. For those performance obligations for which revenue is recognized using a cost-to-cost input method, changes in total estimated costs, and related progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation, are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions to the estimates are made. When the current estimate of total costs for a performance obligation indicate a loss, a provision for the entire estimated loss on the unsatisfied performance obligation is made in the period in which the loss becomes evident. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we recognized losses of $10.0 million related to a change in total estimated costs on a transportation project within our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment, resulting in part from contract scope issues. There were no other changes in total estimated costs that resulted in a significant impact to our operating results for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Contract assets include unbilled amounts from our long-term construction projects when revenues recognized under the cost-to-cost measure of progress exceed the amounts invoiced to our customers, as the amounts cannot be billed under the terms of our contracts. Such amounts are recoverable from our customers based upon various measures of performance, including achievement of certain milestones, completion of specified units or completion of a contract. In addition, many of our time and materials arrangements, as well as our contracts to perform turnaround services within the United States industrial services segment, are billed in arrears pursuant to contract terms that are standard within the industry, resulting in contract assets and/or unbilled receivables being recorded, as revenue is recognized in advance of billings. Also included in contract assets are amounts we seek or will seek to collect from customers or others for errors or changes in contract specifications or design, contract change orders or modifications in dispute or unapproved as to both scope and/or price, or other customer-related causes of unanticipated additional contract costs (claims and unapproved change orders). Our contract assets do not include capitalized costs to obtain and fulfill a contract. Contract assets are generally classified as current within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, contract assets included unbilled revenues for unapproved change orders of approximately $25.2 million and $17.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were no claim amounts included within contract assets or accounts receivable. There were contractually billed amounts and retention related to contracts with unapproved change orders and claims of approximately $96.1 million and $57.6 million as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. For contracts in claim status, contractually billed amounts will generally not be paid by the customer to us until final resolution of related claims.

Contract liabilities from our long-term construction contracts arise when amounts invoiced to our customers exceed revenues recognized under the cost-to-cost measure of progress. Contract liabilities additionally include advanced payments from our customers on certain contracts. Contract liabilities decrease as we recognize revenue from the satisfaction of the related performance obligation and are recorded as either current or long-term, depending upon when we expect to recognize such revenue. The long-term portion of contract liabilities is included in “Other long-term obligations” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

See Note 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for further disclosure regarding revenue recognition.

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Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recognized in the period we deliver goods or provide services to our customers or when our right to consideration is unconditional. We are required to estimate the collectibility of accounts receivable. A considerable amount of judgment is required in assessing the likelihood of realization of receivables. Relevant assessment factors include the creditworthiness of the customer, our prior collection history with the customer and related aging of the past due balances. The provision for doubtful accounts during 2018, 2017 and 2016 amounted to approximately $2.1 million, $7.3 million and $6.2 million, respectively. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, our accounts receivable of $1,773.6 million and $1,607.9 million, respectively, were recorded net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $15.4 million and $17.2 million, respectively. The decrease in our allowance for doubtful accounts was primarily due to the write-off of previously reserved accounts receivable. Specific accounts receivable are evaluated when we believe a customer may not be able to meet its financial obligations due to deterioration of its financial condition or its credit ratings. The allowance for doubtful accounts requirements are based on the best facts available and are re-evaluated and adjusted on a regular basis as additional information is received.

Insurance Liabilities

We have loss payment deductibles for certain workers’ compensation, automobile liability, general liability and property claims, have self-insured retentions for certain other casualty claims and are self-insured for employee-related healthcare claims. In addition, we maintain a wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary to manage certain of our insurance liabilities. Losses are recorded based upon estimates of our liability for claims incurred and for claims incurred but not reported. The liabilities are derived from known facts, historical trends and industry averages utilizing the assistance of an actuary to determine the best estimate for the majority of these obligations. We believe the liabilities recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for these obligations are adequate. However, such obligations are difficult to assess and estimate due to numerous factors, including severity of injury, determination of liability in proportion to other parties, timely reporting of occurrences and effectiveness of safety and risk management programs. Therefore, if our actual experience differs from the assumptions and estimates used for recording the liabilities, adjustments may be required and will be recorded in the period that the experience becomes known. Our estimated net insurance liabilities for workers’ compensation, automobile liability, general liability and property claims increased by $4.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to a change in the actuarial assumptions for the most recent policy year. If our estimated insurance liabilities for workers’ compensation, automobile liability, general liability and property claims were to increase by 10%, it would have resulted in $16.2 million of additional expense for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Income Taxes

We had net deferred income tax liabilities at December 31, 2018 and 2017 of $70.8 million and $64.7 million, respectively, primarily resulting from differences between the carrying value and income tax basis of certain identifiable intangible assets and depreciable fixed assets, which will impact our taxable income in future periods. Included within these net deferred income tax liabilities are $104.1 million and $105.6 million of deferred income tax assets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. A valuation allowance is required when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred income tax asset will not be realized. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the total valuation allowance on deferred income tax assets, related to state net operating loss carryforwards, was approximately $3.9 million and $3.8 million, respectively. The ultimate realization of deferred income tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Based on our taxable income, which has generally exceeded the amount of our net deferred tax asset balance and projections of future taxable income, we have determined that it is more likely than not that the net deferred income tax assets will be realized.

Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets

As of December 31, 2018, we had $990.9 million and $488.3 million, respectively, of goodwill and net identifiable intangible assets (primarily consisting of our contract backlog, developed technology/vendor network, customer relationships, non-competition agreements and trade names) arising out of the acquisition of companies. As of December 31, 2017, goodwill and net identifiable intangible assets were $964.9 million and $495.0 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, approximately 13.4% of our goodwill related to our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment, approximately 25.9% of our goodwill related to our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, approximately 27.7% of our goodwill related to our United States building services segment and approximately 33.0% of our goodwill related to our United States industrial services segment. The changes to goodwill since December 31, 2017 were related to four acquisitions in 2018 and a purchase price adjustment related to an acquisition completed in 2017. The determination of related estimated useful lives for identifiable intangible assets and whether those assets are impaired involves significant judgments based upon short and long-term projections of future performance. These forecasts reflect assumptions regarding the ability to successfully integrate acquired companies, as well as macroeconomic conditions. ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other” (“ASC 350”) requires that

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goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets with indefinite useful lives not be amortized, but instead tested at least annually for impairment (which we test each October 1, absent any impairment indicators), and be written down if impaired. ASC 350 requires that goodwill be allocated to its respective reporting unit and that identifiable intangible assets with finite lives be amortized over their useful lives.

We test for impairment of our goodwill at the reporting unit level. Our reporting units are consistent with the reportable segments identified in Note 18, “Segment Information”, of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. In assessing whether our goodwill is impaired, we compare the fair value of the reporting unit to the carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value exceeds the carrying amount, no impairment loss is recognized. However, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, the goodwill of the reporting unit is impaired and an impairment loss in the amount of the excess is recognized and charged to operations. The fair value of each of our reporting units is generally determined using discounted estimated future cash flows; however, in certain circumstances, consideration is given to a market approach whereby fair value is measured based on a multiple of earnings.

As of the date of our latest impairment test (October 1, 2018), the carrying values of our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment, our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, our United States building services segment and our United States industrial services segment were approximately $251.2 million, $398.8 million, $499.5 million and $657.5 million, respectively. The fair values of our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment, our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, our United States building services segment and our United States industrial services segment exceeded their carrying values by approximately $1,203.0 million, $1,710.9 million, $628.2 million and $81.2 million, respectively.

During our annual impairment testing procedures as of October 1, 2017, and as a result of continued adverse market conditions, we tempered our expectations regarding the strength of a near-term recovery within our United States industrial services segment. As a result of our revised projections, the fair value of this segment fell short of its carrying value resulting in the recognition of a non-cash impairment charge of $57.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2016, no impairment of our goodwill was recognized.

The weighted average cost of capital used in our annual testing for impairment as of October 1, 2018 was 9.8%, 9.7% and 10.5% for our domestic construction segments, our United States building services segment and our United States industrial services segment, respectively. The perpetual growth rate used for our annual testing was 2.7% for all of our domestic segments. Unfavorable changes in these key assumptions may affect future testing results. For example, keeping all other assumptions constant, a 50 basis point increase in the weighted average costs of capital would cause the estimated fair values of our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment, our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, our United States building services segment and our United States industrial services segment to decrease by approximately $91.7 million, $132.4 million, $71.2 million, and $46.4 million, respectively. In addition, keeping all other assumptions constant, a 50 basis point reduction in the perpetual growth rate would cause the estimated fair values of our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment, our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, our United States building services segment and our United States industrial services segment to decrease by approximately $52.5 million, $74.1 million, $38.3 million, and $23.3 million, respectively.

We also test for the impairment of trade names that are not subject to amortization by calculating the fair value using the “relief from royalty payments” methodology. This approach involves two steps: (a) estimating reasonable royalty rates for each trade name and (b) applying these royalty rates to a net revenue stream and discounting the resulting cash flows to determine fair value. This fair value is then compared with the carrying value of each trade name. If the carrying amount of the trade name is greater than the implied fair value of the trade name, an impairment in the amount of the excess is recognized and charged to operations. For the year ended December 31, 2018, no impairment of our indefinite-lived trade names was recognized. The annual impairment review of our indefinite-lived trade names for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 resulted in $0.3 million and $2.4 million, respectively, of non-cash impairment charges as a result of a change in the fair value of subsidiary trade names associated with certain prior acquisitions reported within our United States building services segment and our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, respectively.

In addition, we review for the impairment of other identifiable intangible assets that are being amortized whenever facts and circumstances indicate that their carrying values may not be fully recoverable. This test compares their carrying values to the undiscounted pre-tax cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets. If the assets are impaired, the assets are written down to their fair values, generally determined based on their future discounted cash flows. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we recorded a $0.9 million non-cash impairment charge associated with a finite-lived trade name within our United States industrial services segment. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, no impairment of our other identifiable intangible assets was recognized.

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As referenced above, we have certain businesses, particularly within our United States industrial services segment, whose results are highly impacted by the demand for some of our offerings within the industrial and oil and gas markets. Future performance of this segment, along with a continued evaluation of the conditions of its end user markets, will be important to ongoing impairment assessments. Should this segment’s actual results suffer a decline or expected future results be revised downward, the risk of goodwill impairment or impairment of other identifiable intangible assets would increase.

Our development of the present value of future cash flow projections used in impairment testing is based upon assumptions and estimates by management from a review of our operating results, business plans, anticipated growth rates and margins, and weighted average cost of capital, among other considerations. Those assumptions and estimates can change in future periods, and other factors used in assessing fair value are outside the control of management, such as interest rates. There can be no assurance that estimates and assumptions made for purposes of our goodwill and identifiable intangible asset impairment testing will prove to be accurate predictions of the future. If our assumptions regarding future business performance or anticipated growth rates and/or margins are not achieved, or there is a rise in interest rates, we may be required to record goodwill and/or identifiable intangible asset impairment charges in future periods.

It is not possible at this time to determine if any future impairment charge will result or, if it does, whether such a charge would be material.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We have not used any derivative financial instruments during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, including trading or speculating on changes in interest rates or commodity prices of materials used in our business.

We are exposed to market risk for changes in interest rates for borrowings under the 2016 Credit Agreement, which provides for a revolving credit facility and a term loan. Borrowings under the 2016 Credit Agreement bear interest at variable rates. For further information on borrowing rates and interest rate sensitivity, refer to the Liquidity and Capital Resources discussion in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. As of December 31, 2018, there were borrowings of $25.0 million outstanding under the 2016 Revolving Credit Facility and the balance of the 2016 Term Loan was $269.6 million. Based on the $294.6 million borrowings outstanding under the 2016 Credit Agreement, if overall interest rates were to increase by 100 basis points, interest expense, net of income taxes, would increase by approximately $2.2 million for the next twelve months. Conversely, if overall interest rates were to decrease by 100 basis points, interest expense, net of income taxes, would decrease by approximately $2.2 million for the next twelve months.

We are also exposed to construction market risk and its potential related impact on accounts receivable or contract assets on uncompleted contracts. The amounts recorded may be at risk if our customers’ ability to pay these obligations is negatively impacted by economic conditions. We continually monitor the creditworthiness of our customers and maintain ongoing discussions with customers regarding contract status with respect to change orders and billing terms. Therefore, we believe we take appropriate action to manage market and other risks, but there is no assurance that we will be able to reasonably identify all risks with respect to the collectibility of these assets. See also the previous discussions of Revenue Recognition from Contracts with Customers and Accounts Receivable under Application of Critical Accounting Policies in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Amounts invested in our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at year end. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of equity, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We believe the exposure to the effects that fluctuating foreign currencies may have on our consolidated results of operations is limited because our foreign operations primarily invoice customers and collect obligations in their respective local currencies. Additionally, expenses associated with these transactions are generally contracted and paid for in their same local currencies.

In addition, we are exposed to market risk of fluctuations in certain commodity prices of materials, such as copper and steel, which are used as components of supplies or materials utilized in our construction, building services and industrial services operations. We are also exposed to increases in energy prices, particularly as they relate to gasoline prices for our fleet of approximately 11,000 vehicles. While we believe we can increase our contract prices to adjust for some price increases in commodities, there can be no assurance that such price increases, if they were to occur, would be recoverable. Additionally, our fixed price contracts do not allow us to adjust our prices and, as a result, increases in material costs could reduce our profitability with respect to projects in progress.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)



	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	363,907		$	467,430
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $15,361 and $17,230, respectively	1,773,620			1,607,922
Contract assets	158,243			122,621
Inventories	42,321			42,724
Prepaid expenses and other	48,116			43,812
Total current assets	2,386,207			2,284,509
Investments, notes and other long-term receivables	2,899			2,309
Property, plant and equipment, net	134,351			127,156
Goodwill	990,887			964,893
Identifiable intangible assets, net	488,286			495,036
Other assets	86,177			92,001
Total assets	$	4,088,807		$	3,965,904
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt and capital lease obligations	$	16,013		$	15,364
Accounts payable	652,091			567,840
Contract liabilities	552,290			524,156
Accrued payroll and benefits	343,069			322,865
Other accrued expenses and liabilities	170,935			220,727
Total current liabilities	1,734,398			1,650,952
Borrowings under revolving credit facility	25,000			25,000
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations	254,764			269,786
Other long-term obligations	333,204			346,049
Total liabilities	2,347,366			2,291,787
Equity:
EMCOR Group, Inc. stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.10 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, zero issued and outstanding	—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 60,123,184 and 59,870,980 shares issued, respectively	601			599
Capital surplus	21,103			8,005
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(87,662		)	(94,200		)
Retained earnings	2,060,440			1,796,556
Treasury stock, at cost 4,139,421 and 1,072,552 shares, respectively	(253,937		)	(37,693		)
Total EMCOR Group, Inc. stockholders’ equity	1,740,545			1,673,267
Noncontrolling interests	896			850
Total equity	1,741,441			1,674,117
Total liabilities and equity	$	4,088,807		$	3,965,904

The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

Table of Contents

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

For The Years Ended December 31,

(In thousands, except per share data)



	2018			2017			2016
Revenues	$	8,130,631		$	7,686,999		$	7,551,524
Cost of sales	6,925,178			6,539,987			6,513,662
Gross profit	1,205,453			1,147,012			1,037,862
Selling, general and administrative expenses	799,157			758,714			727,067
Restructuring expenses	2,306			1,577			1,438
Impairment loss on goodwill and identifiable intangible assets	907			57,819			2,428
Operating income	403,083			328,902			306,929
Net periodic pension (cost) income	2,743			1,652			1,529
Interest expense	(13,544		)	(12,770		)	(12,627		)
Interest income	2,746			965			663
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	395,028			318,749			296,494
Income tax provision	109,106			90,699			111,199
Income from continuing operations	285,922			228,050			185,295
Loss from discontinued operation, net of income taxes	(2,345		)	(857		)	(3,142		)
Net income including noncontrolling interests	283,577			227,193			182,153
Less: Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(46		)	3			(218		)
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc.	$	283,531		$	227,196		$	181,935
Basic earnings (loss) per common share:
From continuing operations attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc. common stockholders	$	4.92		$	3.85		$	3.05
From discontinued operation	(0.04		)	(0.01		)	(0.05		)
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc. common stockholders	$	4.88		$	3.84		$	3.00
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
From continuing operations attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc. common stockholders	$	4.89		$	3.83		$	3.02
From discontinued operation	(0.04		)	(0.01		)	(0.05		)
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc. common stockholders	$	4.85		$	3.82		$	2.97
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.32		$	0.32		$	0.32

The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

Table of Contents

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For The Years Ended December 31,

(In thousands)



	2018			2017			2016
Net income including noncontrolling interests	$	283,577		$	227,193		$	182,153
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,322		)	(1,384		)	(1,434		)
Changes in post retirement plans ⁽¹⁾	7,860			8,887			(23,316		)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	6,538			7,503			(24,750		)
Comprehensive income	290,115			234,696			157,403
Less: Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(46		)	3			(218		)
Comprehensive income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc.	$	290,069		$	234,699		$	157,185

_________________


(1)	Net of tax (provision) benefit of $(2.1) million, $(1.8) million and $5.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

Table of Contents

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For The Years Ended December 31,

(In thousands)



	2018			2017			2016
Cash flows - operating activities:
Net income including noncontrolling interests	$	283,577		$	227,193		$	182,153
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	38,472			39,915			38,881
Amortization of identifiable intangible assets	42,443			48,594			40,908
Provision for doubtful accounts	2,123			7,264			6,194
Deferred income taxes	4,249			(53,358		)	(8,108		)
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment	(517		)	(1,846		)	(330		)
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation	(1,646		)	(1,616		)	(2,546		)
Equity income from unconsolidated entities	(347		)	(864		)	(1,569		)
Non-cash expense for amortization of debt issuance costs	1,186			1,186			1,354
Non-cash expense from contingent consideration arrangements	186			317			—
Non-cash expense for impairment of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets	907			57,819			2,428
Non-cash share-based compensation expense	11,030			9,939			8,902
Non-cash income from changes in unrecognized tax benefits	(72		)	(5,641		)	(759		)
Distributions from unconsolidated entities	3,110			5,506			1,247
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effect of businesses acquired:
Increase in accounts receivable	(146,101		)	(80,514		)	(98,773		)
(Increase) decrease in inventories	(3,915		)	(4,936		)	954
(Increase) decrease in contract assets	(30,935		)	12,433			(7,851		)
Increase in accounts payable	78,554			54,910			13,141
Increase in contract liabilities	20,726			24,695			57,244
(Decrease) increase in accrued payroll and benefits and other accrued expenses and liabilities	(24,715		)	24,017			22,659
Changes in other assets and liabilities, net	(7,304		)	1,036			6,243
Net cash provided by operating activities	271,011			366,049			262,372
Cash flows - investing activities:
Payments for acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired	(72,080		)	(107,223		)	(232,947		)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment	1,237			4,014			2,023
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	(43,479		)	(34,684		)	(39,648		)
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated entities	(3,484		)	(675		)	(99		)
Distributions from unconsolidated entities	84			475			—
Net cash used in investing activities	(117,722		)	(138,093		)	(270,671		)
Cash flows - financing activities:
Proceeds from revolving credit facility	—			—			220,000
Repayments of revolving credit facility	—			(100,000		)	(95,000		)
Borrowings from long-term debt	—