UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
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(Mark One)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED: DECEMBER 31, 2006
or
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
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Commission File No.: 0-27432
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CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
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(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE 06-1393453
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(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization Identification No.)
SUITE 702, 300 ATLANTIC STREET
STAMFORD, CT 06901
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(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (203) 327-7050
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
COMMON STOCK, $0.05 PAR VALUE
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(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as
defined in rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No X
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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports
pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No X
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No
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Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer,
accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of "accelerated
filer and large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer Accelerated Filer Non-Accelerated Filer X
--- --- ---
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No X
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The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
registrant based on the last sale price as of June 30, 2006 was $39,177,963.
As of March 23, 2007, the outstanding number of shares of the registrant's
common stock, par value $0.05 per share, was 31,805,839.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
Certain portions of the Proxy Statement for the annual meeting of stockholders
to be held in June 2007 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this
report.
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CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM
NUMBER DESCRIPTION PAGE
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1. Business 3
1A. Risk Factors 13
1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 17
2. Properties 17
3. Legal Proceedings 17
4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders 17
5. Market for Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc.'s Common Equity, Related
Stockholders' Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 18
6. Selected Financial Data 20
7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations 21
7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 28
8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 29
9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial
Disclosure 48
9A. Controls and Procedures 48
9B. Other Information 48
10. Directors and Executive Officers of Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. 48
11. Executive Compensation 48
12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related
Stockholder Matters 48
13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions 49
14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services 49
15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 50
Exhibit Index 50
Signatures 53
The information called for by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, to the extent
not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, is incorporated herein by
reference to the information to be included under the captions "Election of
Directors," "Directors and Executive Officers of Clean Diesel Technologies,"
"Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance," "Committees of the
Board," "Executive Compensation," "Directors' Compensation," "Employment
Contracts and Termination of Employment and Change in Control Arrangements,"
"Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation," "Report of the
Compensation Committee on Executive Compensation," "Security Ownership of
Certain Owners," "Security Ownership of Officers and Directors" and "Appointment
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" in Clean Diesel Technologies,
Inc.'s 2007 Proxy Statement, which is expected to be filed by April 28, 2007.
2
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995, this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking
statements that reflect our estimates, expectations and projections about our
future results, performance, prospects and opportunities. Forward-looking
statements include all statements that are not historical facts. These
statements are often identified by words such as "anticipate," "believe,"
"could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "plan," "may," "should," "will,"
"would" and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are based on
information available to us and are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties
that could cause our actual results, performance, prospects or opportunities to
differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the forward-looking
statements we make in this Annual Report. The discussion in the section "Risk
Factors" in Item 1A. of this Annual Report highlight some of the more important
risks identified by management but should not be assumed to be the only factors
that could affect our future performance. Additional risk factors may be
described from time to time in our future filings with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC). Accordingly, all forward-looking statements should
be evaluated with the understanding of their inherent uncertainty. You should
not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Risk factors are
difficult to predict, contain material uncertainties that may affect actual
results and may be beyond our control. Except as otherwise required by federal
securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any
forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future
events, changed circumstances or any other reason.
Unless otherwise indicated or required by the context, as used in this
Annual Report on Form 10-K, "CDT" and the terms "we," "our" and "us" refer to
Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Clean Diesel
International, LLC.
The Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. name and logo, Platinum Plus(R),
ARIS(R) and Biodiesel Plus(TM) are either registered trademarks or trademarks of
Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries.
All other trademarks, service marks or trade names referred to in this Annual
Report are the property of their respective owners.
GENERAL
We develop, design, market and license patented technologies and solutions
that reduce harmful emissions from internal combustion engines while
concurrently improving fuel economy and engine power. We are a Delaware
corporation formed in 1994 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fuel Tech, Inc., a
Delaware corporation (formerly known as Fuel-Tech N.V., a Netherlands Antilles
limited liability company) ("Fuel Tech"). We were spun-off by Fuel Tech in a
rights offering in December 1995. Since inception, we have developed a
substantial portfolio of patents and related proprietary rights and extensive
technological know-how.
TECHNOLOGY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Our technology is comprised of patents, patent applications, trade or
service marks, data and know-how. Our technology was initially acquired by
assignment from Fuel Tech and has subsequently been primarily developed
internally. As owner, we maintain the technology at our expense. The agreement
with Fuel Tech provides for annual royalties commencing in 1998 and terminating
in 2008 of 2.5% of the gross revenue derived from the sale of the Platinum
Plus(R) fuel-borne catalyst, a diesel fuel additive for emissions control and
fuel economy improvement in diesel engines. We may terminate this royalty
obligation at any time by payment to Fuel Tech of $2.2 million in 2007 or $1.1
million in 2008.
In 2006, we filed three U.S. and five foreign patent applications. During
2005, we filed ten U.S. and two foreign patent applications. Also in 2005, we
acquired 11 granted foreign patents and two U.S. and eight foreign patent
applications.
As of February 28, 2007, we held 125 patents and an extensive library of
performance data and technological know-how. We have patent coverage in North
America, Europe, Asia and South America. Our patent portfolio as of February
28, 2007 includes 25 U.S. patents and approximately 100 corresponding foreign
patents
3
along with pending 68 U.S. and foreign patent applications. Our scientists and
engineers continue to make invention disclosures for which we are in the process
of preparing patent applications. Our patents have expiration dates ranging
from 2008 through 2025, with the majority of the material patents upon which we
rely expiring in 2018 and beyond.
We have made substantial investments in our technology and intellectual
property and have incurred development costs for engineering prototypes,
pre-production models and field-testing of several products and applications.
Our intellectual property strategy has been to build upon our base of core
technology that we have developed or acquired with newer advanced technology
patents developed by or purchased by us. In many instances, we have
incorporated the technology embodied in our core patents into patents covering
specific product applications, including product design and packaging. We
believe this building-block approach provides greater protection to us and our
licensees than relying solely on the core patents.
Our core patents, advanced patents and patent applications cover the means
of controlling the four principal emissions from diesel engines:
- nitrogen oxides (NOx);
- particulate matter (PM);
- carbon monoxide (CO); and
- hydrocarbon (HC).
Our core patents, advanced patents and patent applications include the
following:
- Fuel-borne catalyst;
- Selective catalytic reduction;
- Catalyzed wire mesh filter;
- Biofuels; and
- Emission control systems.
Our key technologies include the following:
- The cost effective means of controlling the four principal
emissions from diesel engines (nitrogen oxides, particulate matter,
carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon).
- Reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas
emissions by enhancing combustion efficiency.
- Reduction of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions by
enabling long-term reliable performance of emission control systems.
- Effective utilization of strategic catalytic materials such as
platinum enables reduced emission control system costs, recycling
strategies and low nitrogen dioxide emission levels.
- Low cost, reliable and durable diesel particulate filter
performance through catalyzed wire mesh filter systems in retrofit
applications.
Protecting our intellectual property rights is costly and time consuming.
Patent filing, prosecution, maintenance and annuity fees for our extensive
patent portfolio are a significant portion of our expenses and typically range
from $50,000 to $400,000 annually. We incur maintenance fees to maintain our
granted U.S. patents and annuity fees to maintain foreign patents and the
pendancy of patent applications.
We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret
protection in the U.S. and elsewhere as well as confidentiality procedures and
contractual provisions to protect our proprietary technology. Further, we enter
into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and
confidentiality agreements with our consultants and other third parties. There
can be no assurance that pending patent applications will be approved or that
the issued patents or pending applications will not be challenged or
circumvented by competitors. Certain critical technology incorporated in our
products is protected by patent laws, trade secret laws, confidentiality
agreements and licensing agreements. There can be no assurance that such
protection will prove adequate or that we will have adequate remedies for
disclosure of the trade secrets or violations of the intellectual property
rights.
4
BUSINESS STRATEGY
Our strategy is to maximize our revenue by penetrating the diesel emission
reduction market to the greatest extent possible. To achieve this objective, we
will use licensing agreements with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), Tier
One suppliers, retrofit system integrators and other suppliers. Our licensing
agreements are usually structured so that we derive revenue from license fees
and on-going royalties. In 2007, we will seek broader market coverage by
strengthening our marketing and distribution channels through training existing
distributors and engaging new distributors. In 2007, we will also stress direct
selling of our solutions and products to fleets in various industries by
emphasizing the environmental benefits, fuel economy improvements and practical,
lower cost emission control available from the use of our solutions and
products. We intend to create the market pull for current and potential
licensees and ensure that the full value of our technology is realized by the
end user.
SOLUTIONS AND PRODUCTS
We have succeeded in developing technologies and products that, when
combined with other after-treatment devices, reduce particulates and nitrogen
oxides emissions from diesel engines to or below the U.S. and international
regulated emission levels, while also improving fuel economy. This results in a
reduction in fuel costs and greenhouse gas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide,
as well as a reduction in emissions of particulate matter, nitrogen oxides,
carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons.
As described below, our products and solutions include the Platinum Plus
fuel-borne catalyst; the ARIS(R) selective catalytic reduction system, an
advanced reagent injection system used in selective catalytic reduction systems
for control of emissions of nitrogen oxides from diesel engines; our diesel
particulate filter technology based on catalyzed wire mesh filter elements; and
Biodiesel Plus(TM).
PLATINUM PLUS FUEL-BORNE CATALYST
We have developed and patented our Platinum Plus additive as a diesel fuel
soluble, fuel-borne catalyst, which contains minute amounts of fuel-soluble
platinum and cerium catalysts. Platinum Plus is used to improve combustion,
reduce emissions and improve the performance and reliability of emission control
equipment. Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst takes catalytic action into engine
cylinders where it improves combustion, thereby reducing particulates, unburned
hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions, which also results in improving fuel
economy. Thus, Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst lends itself to a wide range
of enabling solutions including fuel economy, diesel particulate filtration, low
emission biodiesel, carbon reduction and exhaust emission reduction.
Fleet tests using Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst have shown improvements
in fuel economy of up to 12%. Our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst can be used
alone with regular diesel or ultra-low sulfur diesel as well as biodiesel fuel
blends to reduce particulate emissions by 10% to 25% within the engine, while
also improving the performance of diesel oxidation catalysts and particulate
filters. Use of fuel-borne catalysts also keeps particulate filters cleaner by
burning off the soot particles at lower temperatures and further reducing toxic
emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. Platinum Plus has also
been shown to provide energy efficiency and emissions reduction benefits when
applied with two-stroke gasoline powered engines, including those commonly used
in Asian markets.
Through our strategic use of independent test laboratories from 1996 to the
present, we have conducted research and development programs on platinum fuel
catalysts which were conducted by Delft Technical University (Netherlands),
Ricardo Consulting Engineers (U.K.), Cummins Engine Company (U.S.) and Southwest
Research Institute (U.S.). This approach allows our technical team to execute
programs on a cost effective basis while bringing in a wide range of expertise.
Most importantly, the results have been independently derived.
We received the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency registration in
December 1999 for the Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst for use in bulk fuel by
refiners, distributors and truck fleets. In 2000, we completed the
certification protocol for particulate filters and additives for use with
particulate filters with VERT, the main recognized authority in Europe that
tests and verifies diesel particulate filters for emissions and health effects.
In 2001, the Swiss environmental agency BUWAL approved the Platinum Plus
fuel-borne catalyst for use with particulate filters. In 2002, the U.S. Mining,
Safety and Health Administration accepted Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst for
use in all underground mines.
5
PLATINUM PLUS FOR FUEL ECONOMY
We believe that recent increases in the cost of fuel have made the economic
impact of greater fuel economy an important consideration in many industries.
Further, recent media focus on global warming and the effects of fuel
consumption on the environment have resulted in an increased interest in
Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst from a standpoint of corporate social
responsibility. The improvement attributable to Platinum Plus fuel-borne
catalyst may vary as a result of engine age, application in which the engine is
used, load, duty cycle, speed, fuel quality, tire pressure and ambient air
temperature. Generally, after use of Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst during a
conditioning period, our customers derive economic benefits from the use of our
Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst whenever the price of diesel fuel is in excess
of $1.25 per U.S. gallon. In other words, at or above that level, the economic
benefit our customers derive from use of our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst
substantively exceeds the cost of the additive. When coupled with the demand to
reduce carbon dioxide emissions from transportation and distributed power
generation, the argument for use of Platinum Plus is a compelling one.
In 2006 in the U.S., we conducted ten large, on-road fleet fuel economy
demonstration trials in a range of industries, including the beverage, grocery
and fuel delivery industries. We also conducted a marine trial for a marine
ferry operation. The improvements in fuel economy from using Platinum Plus
fuel-borne catalyst in these demonstrations ranged up to 12% with an average 8%
improvement. The best results were generally attributable to short-haul
"stop-and-go" driving, as is generally the pattern for local delivery vehicles,
buses and garbage trucks. Lab engine test beds run at original equipment
manufacturer test labs and independent research institutes showed up to 8%
improvement in fuel economy in modern diesel engines, which have been confirmed
by field testing programs.
In 2006 in the U.K., we obtained our first U.K. commercial contract upon
completion of a fleet trial that demonstrated to the customer the fuel economy
benefits and emission control attributable to Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst.
We have six additional customer trials underway in the U.K. with expected
completion in the second half 2007.
PLATINUM PLUS FOR DIESEL EMISSION REDUCTION
The Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst can be used alone with all diesel
fuels, including regular sulfur diesel, ultra-low sulfur diesel, arctic diesel
(kerosene) and biodiesel fuels to reduce particulate emissions by 10% to 25%.
Environmentally conscious corporations and fleets can utilize this solution to
voluntarily reduce emissions while obtaining an economic benefit.
We received the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental
Technology Verification in 2003 for our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst and a
diesel-oxidation catalyst (the Platinum Plus Purifier System). This system is
now being promoted as a solution for cost-effective emissions reduction.
EPA verification is given for specific engine groups, and the initial
verification and applications are for pre-1996 manufactured engines, which are
higher emitters of particulates and nitrogen oxides than newer engines. We also
received verification extension for the fuel-borne catalysts with
diesel-oxidation catalysts to cover engines manufactured between 1994 and 2003.
Verification is needed for the end user of the Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst
systems to get emissions reduction credit from the Environmental Protection
Agency's voluntary retrofit program or California Air Resources Board's
mandatory retrofit program. In the U.S., truck fleets, municipalities and
off-road equipment operators are generally moving toward using only verified
technologies when installing retrofit emissions reduction systems, which is
typically mandated for governmentally funded projects.
Diesel particulate filters trap up to 95% of the exhaust particulate matter
but, in doing so, can become clogged with carbon soot. Use of fuel-borne
catalysts reduces the amount of particulate matter which the filter is exposed
to, and further reduces emissions of toxic carbon monoxide and unburned
hydrocarbons. The fuel-borne catalyst also significantly lowers the temperature
at which the captured soot will burn, therefore, allowing the particulate
filters to regenerate themselves and stay cleaner during a wider range of
operating conditions.
Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst is increasingly being utilized as a
diesel particulate filter regeneration additive. In Europe, it is currently
being supplied into the U.K., Denmark, Belgium, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria and
Holland markets through our partners and distributors for aftermarket retrofit
applications. The Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst has also found application
in the U.K. to alleviate soot blocking from light drive cycle bus applications.
In the U.S., the Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst has been accepted for use by
the Mine Safety and Health
6
Administration in underground mines and has been successfully used as a
regeneration aid for vehicles fitted with lightly catalyzed diesel particulate
filters.
Furthermore, in the passenger car market where fuel-borne catalyst
technology dominates the diesel particulate filter regeneration market, engine
testing conducted in 2006 at a European testing institute reconfirmed the
ability to reduce total platinum usage of an emission control device by up to
70%, thus, offering significant cost saving for the passenger car manufacturers.
We anticipate penetration into this market as we proceed through 2007.
PLATINUM PLUS FOR BIODIESEL
Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst is also effective with regular sulfur
diesel, ultra-low sulfur diesel, arctic diesel (kerosene) and biodiesel. When
used with blends of biodiesel and ultra-low sulfur diesel, our Biodiesel
Plus(TM) product, Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst prevents the normal increase
in nitrogen oxides associated with biodiesel, as well as offering emission
reduction in particulates and reduced fuel consumption. This enables biodiesel
producers to differentiate and offer a premium biodiesel with reduced
environmental impact and improved performance. The biodiesel market is still in
its infancy and is expected to expand over the next years.
ARIS SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION
The ARIS (Advanced Reagent Injection System) is our patented injection
system for the injection of reducing reagents for such applications as the low
nitrogen oxides trap, active diesel particulate filter regeneration, and
selective catalytic reduction. The primary use of the ARIS system to date has
been in conjunction with selective catalytic reduction for both stationary
diesel engines for power generation and mobile diesel engines used in trucks,
buses, trains and boats. The system is comprised of our patented single fluid
computer-controlled injector that provides precise injection of nontoxic
urea-based reagents into the exhaust of a stationary or mobile engine, where the
system then converts harmful nitrogen oxides across a catalyst to harmless
nitrogen and water vapor. The system has shown reduction of nitrogen oxides of
up to 90% on a steady-state operation and of up to 85% in transient operations.
This process, known as selective catalytic reduction, has been in use for many
years in power stations, and it is well proven in mobile and stationary
applications. The ARIS system is a compact version of the selective catalytic
reduction injection system. The principal advantage of the patented ARIS system
is that compressed air is not required to operate the system and that a single
fluid is used for both nitrogen oxides reduction and injector cooling. The
system is designed for high-volume production and is compact, with very few
components, making it inherently cheaper to manufacture, install and operate
than the compressed air systems, which were first developed for heavy-duty
engines. ARIS technology is applicable for reduction of nitrogen oxides from
all combustion engine types, ranging from passenger car and light duty to large
scale reciprocating and turbine engines, including those using gaseous fuels
such as liquefied petroleum gas and compressed natural gas.
CATALYZED WIRE MESH DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER
The catalyzed wire mesh filter technology was initially developed by Mitsui
Co., Ltd. for use in conjunction with our fuel-borne catalyst as a lower cost
and reliable alternative to the traditional heavily catalyzed filter systems.
We have verified the system under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Environmental Technology Verification protocol as reducing toxic particulates by
up to 76%, carbon monoxide by 60%, hydrocarbons by 80% and nitrogen oxides by
9%. It also provides lower nitrogen dioxide emissions levels relative to
traditional, heavily catalyzed filter systems. In 2005, the catalyzed wire mesh
filter technology was transferred to us under a technology transfer agreement
with Mitsui and PUREarth. Under the agreement, we acquired the worldwide title
to the patents and other intellectual properties, excluding Japan. The
catalyzed wire mesh filter technology is designed for use in a wide range of
diesel engine particulate emission control applications.
The catalyzed wire mesh filter technology is a durable, low-cost filter
designed to bridge the gap between low efficiency diesel-oxidation catalysts and
expensive, heavily catalyzed particulate filters. The wire-mesh filter system
is designed to work synergistically with a fuel-borne catalyst for reliable
performance on a wide range of engines and with a broad range of fuels. This
combined Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst/catalyzed wire mesh filter technology
is especially suited to solving the challenging problem of delivering a reliable
pollution control solution which can be easily retrofitted for the older,
higher-emission diesel engines expected to be in service for years to come, and
in markets and applications where ultra-low sulfur diesel is not available.
7
In addition to reducing the cost to achieve these emissions improvements,
the patented combination with a fuel-borne catalyst permits the catalyzed wire
mesh filter to operate effectively at the lower exhaust temperatures found in
stop-and-go service applications. The fuel-borne catalyst reduces emissions and
allows soot captured in the catalyzed wire mesh filter to be reliably combusted
at lower exhaust temperatures. Commercial systems of Platinum Plus fuel-borne
catalyst with this durable catalyzed wire mesh filter have demonstrated
performance in beverage delivery vehicles, refuse trucks and buses. We received
Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Technology Verification in June
2004 for the catalyzed wire mesh filter system, which combines the Platinum Plus
fuel-borne catalyst with a catalyzed wire mesh filter.
THE MARKET AND THE REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
We estimate that worldwide annual consumption of diesel fuel amounts to
approximately 200 billion U.S. gallons, including approximately 50 billion in
the U.S., 60 billion in Europe and 50 billion in Asia.
NEW DIESEL ENGINES
While engine manufacturers have traditionally met emissions regulations by
engine design changes, we believe that further reduction in emissions can be
achieved best by using combinations of cleaner-burning fuels and after-treatment
systems such as diesel-particulate filters and catalytic systems for reducing
nitrogen oxides. Like many of the engine-based emissions control strategies
these also generally increase fuel consumption.
Emissions regulations for new mobile diesel engines in the major markets of
North America, Europe and Asia have continued to tighten and are now 40% to 90%
lower than previous regulations. Regulations in effect by 2010 in the U.S. and
by 2009 in Europe and in Asia are expected to reduce the emissions level for new
mobile diesel engines from 85% to 99% of the levels mandated in the mid-1980s.
Management expects the market for nitrogen oxide reduction systems in mobile
applications to develop between 2007 and 2010. European engine manufacturers
have decided to use urea selective catalytic reduction in 2006, beginning with
heavy-duty vehicles and likely for use on medium and light vehicles and
passenger cars, as well. There is a clear preference to use a single fluid
system for the medium and light trucks, passenger cars and SUVs which have no
compressed air system. It also seems likely that European manufacturers will
adopt particulate filters to meet 2009 regulations which have been ratified by
the European Parliament. We have significant intellectual property holdings for
the design and implementation of these systems.
In May 2004, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced
proposals to regulate non-road engines. The regulations will be phased in from
2008 to 2014. Proposals include a wide range of construction equipment,
agricultural equipment, as well as railroad and marine applications.
We believe the U.S. market for diesel engines is poised for significant
growth because of the favorable fuel economy performance of diesel engines,
coupled with the increased ability to control effectively particulate matter and
emissions of nitrogen oxides from such engines. Europe and Asia already use
significantly more mobile diesel engines than in the U.S., particularly for
passenger and light-duty vehicles. Engine manufacturers have all employed
particulate filters to meet new U.S. heavy-duty diesel vehicle regulations for
the 2007 model year and have indicated their intent to continue this for
particulate matter control in 2010. Major U.S. and European engine
manufacturers have committed to adopt urea-selective catalytic reduction. We
believe that both particulate filters and nitrogen oxides control technology
will be required in Europe and the U.S. in the 2007 to 2010 period.
EXISTING DIESEL ENGINES AND THE RETROFIT MARKET
While much of the regulatory pressure and the response from engine
manufacturers have focused on reducing emissions from new engines, there is
increasing concern over pollution from existing diesel engines that have from
20- to 30-year life cycles. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has
estimated that there are approximately 11 million diesel powered vehicles which
need to be retrofitted over the next ten years. We believe this trend underlies
the growing interest in the potential market that may exist for retrofitting
diesel engines with emissions reduction systems. Stationary diesel engines,
construction equipment and public transportation vehicles such as buses and
commercial and municipal truck fleets will all be included in such a retrofit
diesel engine market.
The California Air Resources Board declared diesel particulates to be toxic
in 1998, and in 2000, it proposed reductions in particulate emissions from over
one million existing engines in California as well as more stringent controls
for new engines. The Environmental Protection Agency stated its objective for
retrofitting vehicles with
8
particulate controls and developed the Clean School Bus U.S.A. program to reduce
emissions on school buses and the Smartway Transport Program to reduce both
diesel emissions and fuel consumption on over-the-road trucks.
COMPETITION
Because our principal strategy is the licensing of our technologies, those
companies that could be considered as competitors and as potential licensees of
ours should also be considered as our potential customers.
There is significant competition among companies that provide solutions for
pollutant emissions from diesel engines. Several companies market products that
compete directly with our products and other companies offer products that
potential customers may consider to be acceptable alternatives. In addition,
newly developed products could be more effective and cost-efficient than our
current products or those developed in the future.
We face direct competition from companies with far greater financial,
technological, manufacturing and personnel resources, including BASF (formerly
Engelhard), Donaldson, Cummins Filtration, Innospec (formerly Octel), Rhodia and
Johnson Matthey. Moreover, many of the current and potential future competitors
have substantially more engineering, sales and marketing capabilities, and
broader product lines than we do. Because of greater resources, these
competitors may be better able to withstand a change in conditions within the
industries in which we operate, a change in the prices of raw materials or a
change in global economic conditions. We also face indirect competition in the
form of alternative fuel consumption vehicles such as those using methanol,
hydrogen, ethanol and electricity.
We believe that our technologies and products occupy a strong competitive
position relative to others in the diesel emissions reduction technology market.
Competition in verified particulate reduction systems for retrofit is from
catalyst systems suppliers like Johnson Matthey and BASF. These companies
employ systems that rely on much greater quantities of platinum than we do and
that have the undesirable effect of increasing emissions of nitrogen dioxide, a
component of nitrogen oxides and a strong lung irritant. Competition in the
diesel fuel additive market is from additive suppliers such as Innospec and
Rhodia, who market an iron-based product, and Exotica, who markets a cerium
product. Our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst provides fuel economy benefits
as it competes on performance in regenerating filters and lowering system cost
for the system provider by enabling reduced platinum levels and lower overall
metal usage which results in less ash buildup on filters. Platinum Plus
fuel-borne catalyst also offers better performance in terms of carbon monoxide
reduction and hydrocarbon reduction. In addition, Platinum Plus fuel-borne
catalyst is the only fuel additive to provide fuel economy improvement.
Finally, in the nitrogen oxides control market, competition is from other
suppliers of reagent-based post-combustion nitrogen oxides control systems such
as Argillon, Hilite International and KleenAir Systems for retrofit, and Bosch
and Hilite International for original equipment manufacturers. Bosch and Purem
have stated that they will offer a single fluid system after 2007. However, we
already have proprietary technology for a single fluid system which requires no
compressed air.
SALES AND MARKETING
Our products and solutions are sold to customers through our distribution
network, direct sales and the efforts of our sales consultants and agents. As
of February 28, 2007, our sales and marketing team consisted of seven employees,
sales consultants and agents supported by our executive officers and members of
our board of directors.
MARKET OPPORTUNITY
We believe our technologies are applicable to all existing diesel engines,
all new engines designed to meet upcoming emission standards and all types of
fuel, including biodiesel and ultra-low sulfur diesel. We view the market
opportunity as one that may be divided by application and market drivers.
Because of the financial benefit of improved fuel economy along with reduction
of greenhouse gases, we have begun to place emphasis on fuel economy in the
markets we serve.
Our intellectual property and technologies are now at the center of
developments in the on-road diesel market. Selective catalytic reduction which
utilizes our ARIS technology and diesel particulate filtration which can utilize
our Platinum Plus technology are core technologies to the development of the
pending generation of cleaner diesels. We believe this places us in a strong
position going forward. To meet 2010 requirements, some alternative fuels'
strategies will also need to consider means of reducing nitrogen oxides
emissions. Current projects are demonstrating the effective application of
ARIS-based systems with these alternative fuels' vehicles.
9
The two principal market drivers for our products are legislative
compliance for emission control and fuel economy improvement. Platinum Plus
fuel-borne catalyst is an "enabling technology" that enables emission reductions
from the engine itself and enhances performance of the exhaust after-treatment
systems while improving fuel economy. The continued tightening of clean air
standards, emissions control regulations, pressure for fuel efficiency and
growing international awareness of the greenhouse effect should provide us with
substantial opportunities in local markets throughout North America, Europe and
Asia.
Without compromising the fuel economy benefits of diesel, a significant
reduction of particulate and nitrogen oxides emissions can only be achieved by
using combinations of improved engine design, cleaner burning fuels and
after-treatment systems such as diesel particulate filters and catalytic
systems. The Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst (which improves combustion
catalytically and enables higher performance of exhaust treatment devices) and
the ARIS selective catalytic reduction technology can form key components of
both of these after-treatment systems.
The convergence of requirements for emissions compliance and the high cost
of fuel make the use of our products economical. With diesel fuel selling at
approximately $2.50 per U.S. gallon, or more, in the United States as of
February 2007, a fuel savings of as little as 3% corresponds to $0.075 per U.S.
gallon and effectively pays the cost of dosing with Platinum Plus fuel-borne
catalyst by diesel fleet operators. Our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst in
controlled fleet tests showed an average of 8% fuel economy improvement. In
Europe, where diesel fuel retails in some countries for as much as four times
the U.S. selling price because of the higher tax rate on fuels, potential fuel
economy benefits are even more pronounced.
MARKETING STRATEGY AND COMMERCIALIZATION
After-treatment systems for emissions control from diesel engines are now
penetrating the diesel market. The introduction of selective catalytic
reduction in Europe and Japan for heavy-duty applications and the move to
include diesel particulate traps for diesel passenger cars has confirmed our
technology as central to the diesel market. PSA Peugeot has taken the lead and
offers particulate filter systems with fuel-borne catalysts on several of its
models. Other manufacturers such as Volkswagen and Daimler Chrysler now also
offer diesel particulate filters for their larger vehicles. In the U.S.,
Daimler Chrysler is now promoting the "clean diesel" passenger car under the
"Bluetec" brand name which uses selective catalytic reduction to achieve the
high nitrogen oxides reduction standards and will likely use airless urea
injection.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and California Air Resources Board
programs are only now beginning to result in the creation of active markets for
diesel emissions reduction technologies and products in the U.S. These markets
include applications to new vehicles from 2007 onward and retrofit applications
in on- and off-road markets, as well as for stationary power generation. Thus,
the market for diesel emissions reduction technologies and products is still
emerging. We expect growing demand for verified diesel emissions reduction
technologies and products to the diesel engine market, owners of existing fleets
of diesel-powered vehicles, and expanding requirements from the off road, marine
and railroad sectors. At the same time, engine original equipment manufacturers
are looking to subsystem suppliers to provide complete exhaust subsystems
including particulate filters and/or nitrogen oxides abatement systems and
eventually both.
It is an essential requirement of the U.S. retrofit market that emissions
control products and systems are verified under the Environmental Protection
Agency or California Air Resources Board protocols to qualify for credits within
the Environmental Protection Agency and California Air Resources Board programs.
Funding for these emissions control products and systems is generally limited to
those products and technologies that have already been verified. We have
received verification from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for two
systems based upon the use of the Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst. Our
Platinum Plus Purifier System uses the fuel-borne catalyst and a diesel
oxidation catalyst for up to a 50% particulate reduction. Another system of
ours is verified for up to 75% reduction and uses a catalyzed wire mesh filter
and the Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst. We intend to verify our Platinum
Plus fuel-borne catalyst in combination with a high performance diesel filter
and may also seek to verify our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst with
additional emissions control devices manufactured by other vendors. We may
receive royalties from sales of such systems or devices in the event sales of
these devices include the Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst product as part of
the devices' verification.
We currently manufacture and ship the Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst
product from a toll blender and from a warehouse in the northeast of the U.S.
However, as demand for the product increases, we intend to expand the
manufacturing and distribution by supplying platinum concentrate to third
parties with U.S. and foreign facilities
10
pursuant to licensing agreements so that these licensees may market the finished
Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst products to fuel suppliers and end users.
We have licensed the ARIS nitrogen oxides reduction technology in both the
U.S. and Japan. We plan to widen distribution to Europe and Asia by selling key
components with the technology licenses. We believe this strategy of licensing
the products and technologies represents the most efficient way to gain
widespread distribution quickly and to exploit demand for the technologies in
North America, Europe and Asia.
We intend to utilize the catalyzed wire mesh filter technology which we
have acquired by selling products based upon that technology alone and also in
combination with our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst. We have developed new
patent applications in cooperation with external research institutions, which
are intended to expand the market uses of the catalyzed wire mesh-based diesel
particulate filter technology.
HEALTH EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS AND REGISTRATION OF ADDITIVES
We are subject to environmental laws in all the countries in which we do
business. Management believes that CDT is in compliance with applicable laws,
regulations and legal requirements.
Engine tests in the U.S. and Switzerland show that, when used in
conjunction with a diesel particulate filter, from 99% to 99.9% of the Platinum
Plus catalyst metal introduced to the fuel system by the fuel-borne catalyst is
retained within the engine and exhaust and that the amount of platinum emitted
from the use of Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst is roughly equivalent to
platinum attrition from automotive catalytic converters.
Metallic fuel additives have come under scrutiny for their possible effects
on health. We registered our platinum additive in 1997 in both the U.S. and the
U.K. The platinum-cerium bimetallic additive required further registration in
the U.S. that involved a 1,000-hour engine test and extensive emission
measurements and analysis. The registration of the platinum-cerium bimetallic
additive was completed in 1999 and issued in December 1999.
Germany, Austria and Switzerland have set up a protocol (VERT) for
approving diesel particulate filters and additive systems used with them. We
completed the required tests under the VERT protocol in 2000 and in January
2001, the Swiss authority BUWAL approved our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst
fuel additive for use with a diesel particulate filter.
The U.K. Ministry of Health's Committee on Toxicity reviewed our Platinum
Plus product and all the data submitted by us in December 1996 and stated, "The
Committee is satisfied that the platinum emission from vehicles would not be in
an allergenic form and that the concentrations are well below those known to
cause human toxicity." Radian Associates, an independent research consulting
firm, reviewed our data and the literature on platinum health effects in 1997
and concluded, "The use of Clean Diesel Technologies' platinum containing diesel
fuel additive is not expected to have an adverse health effect on the population
under the condition reviewed." Radian Associates also concluded that emissions
of platinum from the additive had a margin of safety ranging from 2,000 to
2,000,000 times below workplace standards.
The U.S. Mining Safety and Health Administration accepted the use of
Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst with particulate filters in 2002, and also
allowed its use in all fuel used in underground mining, even without filters.
We initiated independent tests in January 2005 to address questions from
the Environmental Protection Agency on the use of our fuel-borne catalyst
resulting from growing commercial interest in its diesel emission control
products. The results from testing of our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst
over eight months at laboratories recognized and approved by the Environmental
Protection Agency confirmed that any potentially allergenic platinum emissions
from the use of the Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst were hundreds to thousands
of times below the lowest published safe level and were consistent with reported
platinum emissions from catalyzed control devices, in the opinion of the
scientists.
REVENUE
Our operating revenue consists of fuel additives (primarily, our patented,
EPA-registered Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst products and concentrate),
hardware (primarily, our patented ARIS advanced reagent injector and dosing
systems for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides, our EPA-verified
Platinum Plus Purifier System,
11
our fuel-borne catalyst and a diesel-oxidation catalyst, and catalyzed wire mesh
filters, including EPA-verified catalyzed wire mesh filters used in conjunction
with our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst), technology licensing fees and
royalties, and consulting and other (primarily, engineering and development
consulting services). The following table sets forth the percentage
contribution of our revenue sources in relation to total revenue for the years
ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004.
(in thousands)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2006 2005 2004
---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------
Additive revenue $ 591 52.6% $ 411 50.6% $ 299 41.4%
Hardware revenue 269 24.0% 349 43.0% 360 49.9%
License and royalty revenue 74 6.6% 47 5.8% 54 7.5%
Consulting and other 189 16.8% 5 0.6% 9 1.2%
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Total $ 1,123 100.0% $ 812 100.0% $ 722 100.0%
============= ============= ============= ============= ============= =============
The mix of our revenue sources during any reporting period may have a
material impact on our operating results. In particular, our execution of
technology licensing agreements, and the timing of the revenue recognized from
these agreements, has not been predictable. To date, we have been dependent on
a few customers for a significant portion of our revenue (see "Significant
Customers" in Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). The
geographic areas from which our revenue was recognized for the years ended
December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 are outlined in Note 12 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
Our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst concentrate and finished product are
sold to distributors, resellers and vehicle fleets in various industries,
including beverage, grocery, shipping, fuel delivery and marine, among other end
users. We license the ARIS nitrogen oxides reduction system to others,
generally with an up-front fee for the technology and know-how and an on-going
royalty per unit. We also sell finished ARIS-based selective catalytic
reduction systems to potential ARIS licensees and end users. We believe that
the ARIS system can most effectively be commercialized through licensing several
companies with a related business in these markets. We are actively seeking
additional ARIS licensees for both mobile and stationary applications in the
U.S., Europe and Asia. We offer rights to the catalyzed wire mesh technology
through license agreements as well as selling finished filters for use with our
Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst.
SOURCES OF SUPPLY
Platinum and cerium are the principal raw materials used in the production
of the Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst. These metals are generally available
from multiple sources. We do not anticipate a shortage in the supply of the raw
materials used in the production of the fuel-borne catalyst in the foreseeable
future. While we have outsourcing arrangements with two companies in the
precious metal refining industry to procure platinum, there are no fixed
commitments with these parties to provide supplies, and we may make procurement
arrangements with others to fulfill our raw materials requirements.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
We anticipate that we will continue to make significant research and
development expenditures to maintain and expand our competitive position. This
includes improving our current technologies and products and developing and
acquiring newer technologies and products.
Our research and development costs include test programs, salary and
benefits, consulting fees, materials and certain testing equipment and are
charged to operations as they are incurred. Our research and development
expenses, exclusive of patent costs, totaled approximately $510,000, $439,000
and $506,000, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and
2004.
12
INSURANCE
We maintain coverage for the customary risks inherent in our operations.
Although we believe our insurance policies to be adequate in amount and coverage
for current operations, no assurance can be given that this coverage will be, or
continue to be, available in adequate amounts or at a reasonable cost, or that
such insurance will be adequate to cover any future claims.
EMPLOYEES
As of February 28, 2007, we had thirteen full-time employees and two
part-time employees. In addition, one executive officer of Fuel Tech provides
management and legal services to us as needed pursuant to a Management and
Services Agreement with Fuel Tech. We also retain outside technical consultants
and sales and marketing consultants and agents.
We enjoy good relations with our employees and are not a party to any labor
management agreements.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
We file reports, proxy statements and other documents with the Securities
and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). You may read and copy any document we file at
the SEC's public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.
You should call 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information on the public reference
room. Our SEC filings are also available to you on the SEC's Internet site at
http://www.sec.gov.
We maintain an Internet site at http://www.cdti.com/. The information
posted on our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Set forth below are the risks that we believe are material to our
investors. This section contains forward-looking statements. You should refer
to the explanation of the qualifications and limitations on forward-looking
statements set forth at the beginning of Item 1 of this Annual Report.
RISKS RELATED TO REGULATORY MATTERS
WE FACE CONSTANT CHANGES IN GOVERNMENTAL STANDARDS BY WHICH OUR PRODUCTS ARE
EVALUATED.
We believe that, due to the constant focus on the environment and clean air
standards throughout the world, a requirement in the future to adhere to new and
more stringent regulations both domestically and abroad is possible as
governmental agencies seek to improve standards required for certification of
products intended to promote clean air. In the event our products fail to meet
these ever-changing standards, some or all of our products may become obsolete.
FUTURE GROWTH OF OUR BUSINESS DEPENDS, IN PART, ON ENFORCEMENT OF EXISTING
EMISSIONS-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND FURTHER TIGHTENING OF EMISSION
STANDARDS WORLDWIDE.
We expect that the future business growth will be driven, in part, by the
enforcement of existing emissions-related environmental regulations and
tightening of emissions standards worldwide. If such standards do not continue
to become stricter or are loosened or are not enforced by governmental
authorities, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating
results, financial condition and long-term prospects.
NEW METAL STANDARDS, LOWER ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS OR STRICTER REGULATION FOR
HEALTH REASONS OF PLATINUM OR CERIUM COULD BE ADOPTED AND AFFECT USE OF OUR
PRODUCTS.
New standards or environmental limits on the use of platinum or cerium
metal by a governmental agency could adversely affect our ability to use our
Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst in some applications. In addition, California
Air Resources Board requires "multimedia" assessment (air, water, soil) of the
fuel-borne catalyst. The Environmental Protection Agency could require a "Tier
III" test of the Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst at any time to determine
additional health effects of platinum or cerium which tests may involve
additional costs beyond our current resources.
13
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY
WE FACE COMPETITION AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES BY COMPETITORS.
There is significant competition among companies that provide solutions for
pollutant emissions from diesel engines. Several companies market products that
compete directly with our products. Other companies offer products that
potential customers may consider to be acceptable alternatives to our products
and services. We face direct competition from companies with far greater
financial, technological, manufacturing and personnel resources, including BASF
(formerly Engelhard), Donaldson, Cummins Filtration, Innospec (formerly Octel),
Rhodia, Bosch, Hilite International, Johnson Matthey, Argillon and KleenAir
Systems. Newly developed products could be more effective and cost efficient
than our current or future products. Many of the current and potential future
competitors have substantially more engineering, sales and marketing
capabilities and broader product lines than we have. We also face indirect
competition from vehicles using alternative fuels, such as methanol, hydrogen,
ethanol and electricity.
WE DEPEND ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE FAILURE TO PROTECT OUR INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR FUTURE GROWTH AND SUCCESS.
We rely on patent, trademark and copyright law, trade secret protection,
and confidentiality and other agreements with employees, customers, partners and
others to protect our intellectual property. However, some of our intellectual
property is not covered by any patent or patent application, and, despite
precautions, it may be possible for third parties to obtain and use our
intellectual property without authorization.
We do not know whether any patents will be issued from pending or future
patent applications or whether the scope of the issued patents is sufficiently
broad to protect our technologies or processes. Moreover, patent applications
and issued patents may be challenged or invalidated. We could incur substantial
costs in prosecuting or defending patent infringement suits. Furthermore, the
laws of some foreign countries may not protect intellectual property rights to
the same extent as do the laws of the U.S.
Some of our patents, including a platinum fuel-borne patent, will expire in
2008. However, we believe that other longer lived patents, including those for
platinum and other fuel-borne catalyst materials in combination with
after-treatment devices, will provide adequate protection of our proprietary
technology, but there can be no assurances we will be successful in protecting
our proprietary technology.
As part of our confidentiality procedures, we generally have entered into
nondisclosure agreements with employees, consultants and corporate partners. We
also have attempted to control access to and distribution of our technologies,
documentation and other proprietary information. We plan to continue these
procedures. Despite these procedures, third parties could copy or otherwise
obtain and make unauthorized use of our technologies or independently develop
similar technologies. The steps that we have taken and that may occur in the
future might not prevent misappropriation of our solutions or technologies,
particularly in foreign countries where laws or law enforcement practices may
not protect the proprietary rights as fully as in the U.S.
There can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our
proprietary rights. Any infringement upon our intellectual property rights
could have an adverse effect on our ability to develop and sell commercially
competitive systems and components.
OUR RESULTS MAY FLUCTUATE DUE TO CERTAIN REGULATORY, MARKETING AND COMPETITIVE
FACTORS OVER WHICH WE HAVE LITTLE OR NO CONTROL.
The factors listed below, some of which we cannot control, may cause our
revenue and results of operations to fluctuate significantly:
- Actions taken by regulatory bodies relating to the verification,
registration or health effects of our products.
- The extent to which our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst and
ARIS nitrogen oxides reduction products obtain market acceptance.
- The timing and size of customer purchases.
- Customer concerns about the stability of our business which could
cause them to seek alternatives to our solutions and products.
14
AN EXTENDED INTERRUPTION OF THE SUPPLY OR A SUBSTANTIAL INCREASE IN THE PRICE OF
PLATINUM COULD HAVE AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON OUR BUSINESS.
The cost of platinum or the processing cost associated with converting the
metal may have a direct impact on the future pricing and profitability of our
Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst. Although we intend to minimize this risk
through various purchasing and hedging strategies, there can be no assurance
that this will be successful. A shortage in the supply of platinum or a
significant, prolonged increase in the price of platinum, in each case, could
have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial
condition.
FAILURE TO ATTRACT AND RETAIN KEY PERSONNEL COULD HAVE A MATERIAL ADVERSE EFFECT
ON OUR FUTURE SUCCESS.
Our success will depend, in large part, on our ability to retain current
key personnel, attract and retain current key personnel, additional qualified
management, marketing, scientific, and manufacturing personnel, and develop and
maintain relationships with research institutions and other outside consultants.
The loss of key personnel or the inability to hire or retain qualified
personnel, or the failure to assimilate effectively such personnel could have a
material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial
condition.
WE CURRENTLY DEPEND ON THE MARKETABILITY OF THREE PRIMARY PRODUCTS - PLATINUM
PLUS FUEL-BORNE CATALYST, ARIS ADVANCED REAGENT INJECTION SYSTEM FOR SELECTIVE
CATALYTIC REDUCTION AND CATALYZED WIRE MESH FILTERS.
Our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst, ARIS advanced reagent injection
system for selective catalytic reduction and our catalyzed wire mesh filter are
currently our three primary products. Failure of any of our products to achieve
market acceptance may limit our growth potential. We may have to cease
operations if all of our primary products fail to achieve market acceptance or
fail to generate significant revenue. Additionally, the marketability of our
products may be dependent upon obtaining verifications from regulatory agencies
such as the Environmental Protection Agency, California Air Resources Board, or
similar European agencies, as well as the effectiveness of our products in
relation to various environmental regulations in the many jurisdictions in which
we market and sell our products.
WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO SUCCESSFULLY MARKET NEW PRODUCTS THAT ARE DEVELOPED OR
OBTAIN DIRECT OR INDIRECT VERIFICATION OR APPROVAL OF OUR NEW PRODUCTS.
We plan to market other emissions reduction devices used in combination
with the Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst and ARIS injector. There are
numerous development and verification issues that may preclude the introduction
of these products for commercial sale. If we are unable to demonstrate the
feasibility of these products or obtain verification or approval for the
products from regulatory agencies, we may have to abandon the products or alter
our business plan. Such modifications to our business plan will likely delay
achievement of revenue milestones and profitability.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR FINANCIAL CONDITION
WE HAVE INCURRED LOSSES IN THE PAST AND EXPECT TO INCUR LOSSES IN THE FUTURE.
We have incurred losses since inception totaling $44,977,000 which amount
includes $4,752,000 of non-cash preferred stock dividends. At the date of this
report, our cash resources, including additional cash to be collected from
subscriptions receivable, are estimated to be sufficient for our needs into the
first quarter of 2008.
We have recognized limited revenues through December 31, 2006 and expect to
continue to incur operating losses at least through 2007. There can be no
assurance that we will achieve or sustain significant revenues or profitability
in the future. See the discussion below under the caption "Liquidity and
Sources of Capital" in Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
WE HAVE NO ASSURANCES OF ADDITIONAL FUNDING.
We may seek additional funding in the form of a private or public offering
of equity securities. Debt financing would be difficult to obtain because of
limited assets and cash flows. Any equity funding may depend on prior
stockholder approval of an amendment to our certificate of incorporation
authorizing additional capital. Any offering of shares of our common stock may
result in dilution to our existing stockholders. Our ability to consummate
financing will depend on the status of our marketing programs and
commercialization progress, as well as conditions then
15
prevailing in the relevant capital markets. There can be no assurance that such
funding will be available if needed, or on acceptable terms. In the event that
we need additional funds and are unable to raise such funds, we may be required
to delay, reduce or severely curtail our operations or otherwise impede our
on-going commercialization, which could have a material adverse effect on our
business, operating results, financial condition and long-term prospects. See
the discussion below under the caption "Liquidity and Sources of Capital" in
Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations."
IF THIRD PARTIES CLAIM THAT OUR PRODUCTS INFRINGE UPON THEIR INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS, WE MAY BE FORCED TO EXPEND SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND
MANAGEMENT TIME LITIGATING SUCH CLAIMS AND OUR OPERATING RESULTS COULD SUFFER.
Third parties may claim that our products and systems infringe upon
third-party patents and other intellectual property rights. Identifying
third-party patent rights can be particularly difficult, especially since patent
applications are not published until up to 18 months after their filing dates.
If a competitor were to challenge our patents, or assert that our products or
processes infringe its patent or other intellectual property rights, we could
incur substantial litigation costs, be forced to make expensive product
modifications, pay substantial damages or even be forced to cease some
operations. Third-party infringement claims, regardless of their outcome, would
not only drain financial resources but also divert the time and effort of
management and could result in customers or potential customers deferring or
limiting their purchase or use of the affected products or services until
resolution of the litigation.
WE ARE CURRENTLY DEPENDENT ON A FEW MAJOR CUSTOMERS FOR A SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF
OUR REVENUE AND OUR REVENUE COULD DECLINE IF WE ARE UNABLE TO MAINTAIN OR
DEVELOP RELATIONSHIPS WITH CURRENT OR POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS.
A few customers currently account for a significant portion of our
revenues. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, two customers
accounted for approximately 42%, 36% and 51%, respectively, of our revenue,
primarily attributable to license fees and royalties, ARIS hardware revenue and
consulting fees. We intend to establish long-term relationships with existing
customers and continue to expand our customer base. While we diligently seek to
become less dependent on any single customer, it is likely that certain
contractual relationships may result in one or more customers contributing to a
significant portion of our revenue in any given year for the foreseeable future.
The loss of one or more of our significant customers may result in a material
adverse effect on our revenue, our ability to become profitable or our ability
to continue our business operations.
FOREIGN CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS COULD IMPACT FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE.
Our recent operating activities have primarily been in the U.S. However,
we have increased our activities in Europe and Asia, and consequently, are
exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency rates. We may manage the risk to
such exposure by entering into foreign currency futures and option contracts.
There can be no assurance that foreign currency fluctuations will not have a
significant effect on our operations in the future.
WE HAVE NOT AND DO NOT INTEND TO PAY DIVIDENDS ON OUR SHARES OF COMMON STOCK.
We have not paid dividends on our common stock since inception, and do not
intend to pay any dividends to our stockholders in the foreseeable future. We
intend to reinvest earnings, if any, in the development and expansion of our
business.
THE PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK MAY BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY THE SALE OF A
SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF NEW COMMON SHARES.
The sale, or availability for sale, of substantial amounts of our common
stock, including shares issued upon exercise of outstanding options and warrants
or shares of common stock that may be issued in the public market or a private
placement to fund our operations or the perception by the market that these
sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock
and could impair our ability to raise additional working capital through the
sale of equity securities. The perceived risk of dilution may cause existing
stockholders to sell their shares of stock, which would contribute to a decrease
in the stock price. In that regard, downward pressure on the trading price of
our common stock may also cause investors to engage in short sales, which would
further contribute to downward pressure on the trading price of our stock.
16
OUR COMMON STOCK IS CURRENTLY TRADED ON THE U.S. OVER THE COUNTER MARKET
(OTC-BB), THE ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT MARKET OF THE LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE AND IN
GERMANY ON VARIOUS REGIONAL STOCK EXCHANGES AND THE NATIONAL ELECTRONIC EXCHANGE
(XETRA), AND AN INVESTOR'S ABILITY TO TRADE THE STOCK MAY BE LIMITED BY TRADING
VOLUME AND PRICE VOLATILITY.
The trading volume in our common stock has been relatively limited and a
consistently active trading market for our common stock may not develop. The
average daily trading volume in our common stock on the OTC market in 2006 was
approximately 7,065 shares. The average daily trading volume in our common
stock on Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange in 2006 was
approximately 2,230 shares. In February 2006, our stock began trading in
Germany.
There has been significant volatility in the market prices of publicly
traded shares of emerging growth technology companies, including our shares.
Factors such as announcements of technical developments, verifications,
establishment of distribution agreements, significant sales orders, changes in
governmental regulation and developments in patent or proprietary rights may
have a significant effect on the market price of our common stock. As outlined
above, there has been a low average daily trading volume of our common stock.
To the extent this trading pattern continues, the price of our common stock may
fluctuate significantly as a result of relatively minor changes in demand for
our shares and sales of our stock by holders.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
We have a five-year lease expiring in March 2009 for 3,925 square feet of
administrative office space at 300 Atlantic Street, Stamford, Connecticut. The
annual cost of the lease including rent, utilities and parking is approximately
$125,000. We have a lease for 400 square feet of office space outside London,
U.K. through September 2007 at an annual cost of approximately $33,000. We also
lease 2,750 square feet of warehouse space in Milford, Connecticut at an annual
cost of approximately $20,000 (excluding utilities) through July 2008.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are not involved in any legal proceedings.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of our security holders in the fourth
quarter of 2006.
17
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common stock is traded in the U.S. on the over-the-counter (OTC)
market, on the London Stock Exchange through the Alternative Investment Market
(AIM) and in Germany on various regional stock exchanges, including Frankfurt,
as well as on the national electronic exchange Xetra. Reports of transactions
of our shares are available on the OTC Electronic Bulletin Board under the
trading symbol "CDTI", on the AIM under the symbols "CDT" and "CDTS" (this
latter symbol denotes restricted shares that have been issued in private
placements), and on the Frankfurt exchange under the symbol "CDI". At February
28, 2007, there were 373 holders of record of the common stock representing
approximately 750 beneficial holders.
No dividends have been paid on our common stock and we do not anticipate
paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Prices indicated below with
respect to our share price include inter-dealer prices, without retail mark up,
mark down or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
OTC LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE
BULLETIN BOARD AIM
2005 (IN U.S. $) (IN GBP)
------------ ---------------------------- --------------------------
HIGH LOW HIGH LOW
------------- ------------- ------------ ------------
1st Quarter $1.90 $1.15 0.90 0.48
2nd Quarter $2.30 $1.01 0.97 0.33
3rd Quarter $1.95 $1.20 0.92 0.50
4th Quarter $1.80 $1.00 0.55 0.41
OTC LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE
BULLETIN BOARD AIM
2006 (IN U.S. $) (IN GBP)
------------ ---------------------------- --------------------------
HIGH LOW HIGH LOW
------------- ------------- ------------ ------------
1st Quarter $1.16 $0.80 0.65 0.45
2nd Quarter $1.95 $1.06 1.00 0.58
3rd Quarter $1.95 $1.40 1.00 0.72
4th Quarter $1.80 $1.45 0.97 0.78
SALES AND USES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES DURING THE PERIOD
On December 29, 2006, we entered into definitive agreements with 36
investors (32 non-U.S. investors and four U.S. investors) for the purchase in
private placements by these investors of 7,000,000 shares of our common stock,
par value $0.05, and warrants for the purchase of an additional 7,000,000 shares
of our common stock (3.5 million Class A Warrants exercisable at $2.00 per share
and 3.5 million Class B Warrants exercisable at $2.50 per share), all for the
total gross sales price of $9.5 million. The net proceeds will be used for
general corporate purposes. These private placements qualified for the
exemptions from registration afforded by Regulation S for off-shore investors
and Regulation D for U.S. accredited investors under the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended. The material terms of the agreements are that:
(i) We sold and the investors bought units of one share of common stock
and warrants (effectively, one-half of each of Class A and B Warrants) to buy
one share of common stock for the consideration of $1.35 per unit;
(ii) The investors represented that they were acquiring the shares, the
warrants and the shares of common stock underlying the warrants for their own
accounts as an investment, and undertook with respect to these securities to
comply with the transfer restrictions of Regulation S or Regulation D, as the
case may be;
(iii) We undertook to apply for the listing of our outstanding shares on
the American Stock Exchange or another recognized U.S. stock exchange at such
time as the Company should satisfy the applicable listing requirements; and
18
(iv) We undertook to file a registration statement under the Act covering
the shares and the shares of common stock underlying the warrants following
completion of the audit of our financial statements for the year 2006. The
agreements do not contain a penalty provision for the Company's failure to file
this registration statement.
EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2006
The following table represents options and warrants outstanding as of
December 31 2006:
NUMBER OF SHARES TO BE WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES
ISSUED UPON EXERCISE OF EXERCISE PRICE OF NUMBER OF SECURITIES
OUTSTANDING OPTIONS, OUTSTANDING OPTIONS, REMAINING AVAILABLE FOR
PLAN CATEGORY WARRANTS AND RIGHTS WARRANTS AND RIGHTS FUTURE ISSUANCE
-------------------------- ------------------------ --------------------- -----------------------
OPTIONS:
Equity compensation plans
approved by security
holders 3,240,437(1) $ 2.016 - (1)
Equity compensation plans
not approved by security
holders - - -
------------------------ --------------------- --------------------------
Total Options 3,240,437 $ 2.016 -
======================== ===================== ==========================
WARRANTS:
Equity compensation plans
approved by
shareholders - - -
Equity compensation plans
not approved by
shareholders 7,787,120(2) $ 2.196 -
------------------------ --------------------- --------------------------
Total Warrants 7,787,120 $ 2.196 -
======================== ===================== ==========================
(1) Represents awards issued under the 1994 Incentive Plan. The maximum number
of awards allowed under the 1994 Incentive Plan is 17.5% of our issued and
outstanding common stock less the outstanding options, and is subject to a
sufficient number of shares of authorized capital.
(2) Included in this number are 7,000,000 warrants to be issued as a result of
the December 29, 2006 private placement and 332,000 warrants to be issued as
partial consideration to the placement agent.
19
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected financial data is qualified by reference to and
should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements,
including the Notes thereto in Item 8, "Consolidated Financial Statements and
Supplementary Data" and Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2006 2005 2004 2003 2002
--------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS DATA
Additive revenue $ 591 $ 411 $ 299 $ 212 $ 40
Hardware revenue 269 349 360 161 102
License and royalty revenue 74 47 54 194 299
Consulting and other 189 5 9 - -
--------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
Total revenue 1,123 812 722 567 441
OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Cost of revenue 658 471 455 219 86
Selling, general and administrative 5,278 4,963 3,962 2,695 2,291
Research and development 510 439 506 855 693
Patent amortization and other expense 235 170 90 58 43
--------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
Loss from operations (5,558) (5,231) (4,291) (3,260) (2,672)
Foreign currency exchange gain (loss) 104 (221) 101 - -
Interest income/(expense), net 58 26 47 15 30
Consulting and other 12 - - - -
--------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
Net loss $ (5,384) $ (5,426) $ (4,143) $ (3,245) $ (2,642)
=============== =============== ================ =============== ===============
Basic and diluted loss per common share $ (0.21) $ (0.30) $ (0.26) $ (0.26) $ (0.23)
=============== =============== ================ =============== ===============
Basic and diluted weighted-average
shares outstanding 26,059 18,389 16,071 12,721 11,419
=============== =============== ================ =============== ===============
AS OF DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------------------
2006 2005 2004 2003 2002
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
(in thousands)
BALANCE SHEET DATA
Current assets $ 8,287 $ 5,505 $ 4,868 $ 7,023 $ 2,757
Total assets 9,018 6,274 5,513 7,441 2,979
Current liabilities 1,070 496 391 868 223
Long-term liabilities - - - - 418
Working capital 7,217 5,009 4,477 6,155 2,534
Stockholders' equity 7,948 5,778 5,122 6,573 2,338
20
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
OVERVIEW
We design products and license environmentally-proven technologies and
solutions for the global emission reduction market based upon our portfolio of
patents and extensive library of performance data and know-how. We believe our
core competence is the innovation, application, development and marketing of
technological products and solutions to enable emission control. Our suite of
technologies offers a broad range of market-ready solutions to reduce emissions
while saving costs through fuel economy improvement and reduction of engine
wear. We use our innovative solutions and know-how to bring these technologies
to market through our licensees.
We believe that clean air, energy efficiency and sustainability continue to
attract increasing attention around the world, as does the need to develop
alternative energy sources. Increasingly, combustion engine development is
influenced by concern over global warming caused by carbon dioxide emissions
from fossil fuels and toxic exhaust emissions. Because carbon dioxide results
from the combustion of fossil fuels, reducing fuel consumption is often cited as
the primary way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Further, because diesel
engines are as much as 40% more fuel-efficient than gasoline engines, the
increased use of diesel engines relative to gasoline engines is one way to
reduce overall fuel consumption, and thereby, significantly reduce carbon
dioxide emissions. We believe the diesel engine is and will remain a strategic
and economic source of motive power. However, diesel engines emit higher levels
of two toxic pollutants - particulate matter and nitrogen oxides - than gasoline
engines fitted with catalytic converters. Both of these pollutants affect human
health and damage the environment. These factors, among others, have led to
legislation and standards that may drive demand for our products and solutions.
Our operating revenue consists of fuel additives (primarily, our patented
Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst products and concentrate), hardware
(primarily, our patented ARIS advanced reagent injector and dosing systems for
selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides, our Environmental Protection
Agency verified Platinum Plus Purifier System, our fuel-borne catalyst and a
diesel-oxidation catalyst, and catalyzed wire mesh filters), technology
licensing fees and royalties and other (primarily, engineering and development
consulting services). Our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst is registered with
the Environmental Protection Agency. We received Environmental Protection
Agency verification of our Purifier System (fuel-borne catalyst and diesel
oxidation catalyst) in October 2003 and a verification of our catalyzed wire
mesh filter system (fuel-borne catalyst and catalyzed wire mesh filter) in June
2004. Operating revenue for the year ended December 31, 2006 consisted of
approximately 52.6% in additive sales, 24.0% in hardware sales, 6.6% in
technology licensing fees and royalties and 16.8% in other revenue. Operating
revenue for the year ended December 31, 2005 consisted of approximately 50.6% in
additive sales, 43.0% in hardware sales, 5.8% in technology licensing fees and
royalties and 0.6% in other revenue. The mix of our revenue sources during any
reporting period may have a material impact on our operating results. In
particular, our execution of technology licensing agreements, and the timing of
the revenue recognized from these agreements, has not been predictable.
Our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst concentrate and finished product are
sold to distributors, resellers and vehicle fleets in various industries,
including beverage, grocery, shipping, fuel delivery and marine, among other end
users. We license the ARIS nitrogen oxides reduction system to others,
generally with an up-front fee for the technology and know-how and an on-going
royalty per unit. We also sell finished ARIS-based selective catalytic
reduction systems to potential ARIS licensees and end users. We believe that
the ARIS system can most effectively be commercialized through licensing several
companies with a related business in these markets. We are actively seeking
additional ARIS licensees for both mobile and stationary applications in the
U.S., Europe and Asia. We acquired the rights to proprietary technology for
catalyzed wire mesh filters from Mitsui Co., Ltd. in 2005 and offer rights to
the catalyzed wire mesh technology through license agreements as well as selling
finished filters for use with our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst.
Our efforts since our inception in 1994 have been devoted to the research
and development of technologies and products in various areas, including
platinum fuel-borne catalysts for emission control and fuel economy improvement
and nitrogen oxides reduction systems to control emissions from diesel engines.
We received Environmental Protection Agency registration for our platinum-cerium
fuel-borne catalyst (Platinum Plus) in December 1999. Although we believe we
have made progress in commercializing our technologies, we have experienced
recurring losses from our operations. Our accumulated deficit amounted to
approximately $45.0 million as of December 31, 2006. The internally generated
funds from our revenue sources have not been sufficient to cover our operating
costs. The ability of our revenue sources, especially additive, hardware and
technology license fees
21
and royalties, to generate significant cash for our operations is critical to
our long-term success. We cannot predict whether we will be successful in
obtaining market acceptance of our products or technologies or in completing our
current licensing agreement negotiations. To the extent our internally
generated funds are inadequate, we believe that we will need to obtain
additional working capital through equity financings. However, we can give no
assurance that any additional financing will be available to us on acceptable
terms or at all.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires our management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and the
accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Management bases
its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are
believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the
basis of making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities
that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ
from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting
estimate to be made based upon assumptions about matters that are uncertain at
the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could
have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably
likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the financial statements.
Management believes that of our significant accounting policies (see Note 2 of
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements), the following critical accounting
policies involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity used in the
preparation of the consolidated financial statements.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue is recognized when earned. Technology licensing fees are generally
recognized upon execution of the license agreement but are deferred if subject
to completion of any performance criteria and later recognized once the
performance criteria have been met. Revenue from royalties is recognized
ratably over the royalty period based upon periodic reports submitted by the
royalty obligor or based on minimum royalty requirements. Revenue from product
sales is recognized when title has passed and our products are shipped to our
customer, unless the purchase order or contract specifically requires us to
provide installation for hardware purchases. For hardware projects in which we
are responsible for installation (either directly or indirectly by third-party
contractors), revenue is recognized when the hardware is installed and/or
accepted, if the project requires inspection and/or acceptance. Revenue from
engineering and development consulting services is generally recognized and
billed as the services are performed.
At December 31, 2006 and 2005, our deferred revenue was zero and $9,000,
respectively.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS
Costs relating to the research, development and testing of our technologies
and products are charged to operations as they are incurred. These costs
include test programs, salary and benefits, consulting fees, materials and
certain testing equipment.
Our research and development expenses totaled approximately $510,000,
$439,000 and $506,000 for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004,
respectively.
PATENTS AND PATENT EXPENSE
Patents, which include all direct incremental costs associated with initial
patent filings and costs to acquire rights to patents under licenses, are stated
at cost and amortized using the straight-line method over the remaining useful
lives, ranging from one to seventeen years. Indirect and other patent-related
costs are expensed as incurred. Patent amortization expense for the years ended
December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 was $44,000, $53,000 and $42,000, respectively.
We evaluate the remaining useful life of our patents each reporting period
to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the
remaining period of amortization. If the evaluation determines that the
22
patent's remaining useful life has changed, the remaining carrying amount of the
patent is amortized prospectively over that revised remaining useful life. We
also evaluate our patents for impairment whenever events or other
changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be
recoverable. The testing for impairment includes evaluating the undiscounted
cash flows of the asset and the remaining period of amortization or useful life.
The factors used in evaluating the undiscounted cash flows include current
operating results, projected future operating results and cash flows and any
other material factors that may affect the continuity or the usefulness of the
asset. If impairment exists or if we decide to abandon a patent, the patent is
written down to its fair value based upon discounted cash flows. At December
31, 2006 and 2005, the Company's patents, net were $603,000 and $567,000,
respectively.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, "Accounting for
Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN
48)." FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes by
prescribing a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial
statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be
taken in a tax return. The Interpretation also provides guidance on
derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim
periods, and disclosure. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2006. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact FIN
48 will have on its results of operations and financial position but does not
expect its adoption will have a material impact on the Company's financial
statements.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, "Fair Value Measurements."
SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair
value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about
fair value measurements. Specifically, this Statement sets forth a definition
of fair value, and establishes a hierarchy prioritizing the inputs to valuation
techniques, giving the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for
identical assets and liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs.
The provisions of SFAS No. 157 are generally required to be applied on a
prospective basis, except to certain financial instruments accounted for under
SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, for
which the provisions of SFAS No. 157 should be applied retrospectively. The
Company will adopt SFAS No. 157 in the first quarter of 2008 and is still
evaluating the effect, if any, on its financial position or results of
operations.
In September 2006, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108,
"Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying
Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements" (SAB 108). SAB 108 was
issued in order to eliminate the diversity in practice surrounding how public
companies quantify financial statement misstatements. SAB 108 requires that
registrants quantify errors using both a balance sheet and income statement
approach and evaluate whether either approach results in a misstated amount
that, when all relevant quantitative and qualitative factors are considered, is
material. The adoption of this statement is not expected to have a material
impact on the Company's consolidated financial condition or results of
operations.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, "The Fair Value Option for
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities - Including an amendment of FASB
Statement No. 115." SFAS No. 159 permits an entity to elect fair value as the
initial and subsequent measurement attribute for many financial assets and
liabilities. Entities electing the fair value option would be required to
recognize changes in fair value in earnings. Entities electing the fair value
option are required to distinguish, on the face of the statement of financial
position, the fair value of assets and liabilities for which the fair value
option has been elected and similar assets and liabilities measured using
another measurement attribute. SFAS No. 159 is effective for the Company's
fiscal year 2008. The adjustment to reflect the difference between the fair
value and the carrying amount would be accounted for as a cumulative-effect
adjustment to retained earnings as of the date of initial adoption. We are
currently evaluating the impact, if any, of SFAS No. 159 on the Company's
consolidated financial statements.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2005
Revenue was $1,123,000 in 2006 compared to $812,000 in 2005, an increase of
$311,000, or 38.3%, reflecting increases in all of our revenue sources, except
hardware. Operating revenue for the year ended December 31, 2006 consisted of
approximately 52.6% in additive sales, 24.0% in hardware sales, 6.6% in
technology licensing fees and
23
royalties and 16.8% in consulting and other revenue. Operating revenue for the
year ended December 31, 2005 consisted of approximately 50.6% in additive sales,
43.0% in hardware sales, 5.8% in technology licensing fees and royalties and
0.6% in consulting and other revenue.
Additive revenue increased $180,000, or 43.8%, to $591,000 in 2006 from to
$411,000 in 2005 due to higher demand for our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst
attributable to the benefits of cleaner burning engines, along with improved
fuel economy, sought by end users. Hardware revenue declined $80,000, or 22.9%,
to $269,000 in 2006 from $349,000 in 2005 due to a decline in installations of
our Platinum Plus Purifier Systems, partially offset by an increase in our ARIS
advanced reagent injector and dosing systems for selective catalytic reduction.
License fees and royalty revenue was $74,000 in 2006 compared to $47,000 in
2005, an increase of $27,000, or 57.4%, primarily due to minimum royalty
payments related to our ARIS technology. Consulting and other revenue was
$189,000 in 2006 compared to $5,000 in 2005, an increase of $184,000. The
increase in consulting and other revenue is attributable to consulting projects
we completed in 2006. From time to time, we complete technical consulting
projects on behalf of existing and prospective customers.
Cost of revenue was $658,000 for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared
to $471,000 for the year ended December 31, 2005, an increase of $187,000, or
39.7%. The increase is attributable to higher sales volume in 2006 compared to
2005. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 41.4% and 42.0% for the years
ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $5,278,000 for the year
ended December 31, 2006 compared to $4,963,000 in 2005, an increase of $315,000,
or 6.3%. Selling, general and administrative expenses are summarized below:
(in thousands)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------
2006 2005
------------- -------------
Compensation and benefits $ 3,061 $ 2,771
Professional services 792 834
Travel 538 546
Occupancy 406 475
Sales and marketing expenses 279 161
Depreciation and all other 202 176
------------- -------------
Total selling, general and
administrative expense $ 5,278 $ 4,963
============= =============
Compensation and benefit expense for the year ended December 31, 2006
includes $304,000 of non-cash charges for the fair value of stock options
granted in accordance with SFAS No. 123R, which we adopted in January 2006.
Also included are $357,475 of severance charges related to the departure of
CDT's former president and chief operating officer who had been released from
employment in January 2006. In addition, compensation and benefit expense for
the year ended December 31, 2006 reflects the full year effect of our executive
vice president, chief operations officer, North America and chief technology
officer who was hired in August 2005.
Professional fees include public relations, investor relations and
financial advisory fees. Occupancy costs include office rents, insurance and
related costs. We increased our investment in sales and marketing in 2006 with
the objective of laying the groundwork for sales growth and licensing of our
core technologies in 2007.
Research and development expenses were $510,000 for the year ended December
31, 2006 compared to $439,000 in 2005, an increase of $71,000, or 16.2%. The
increase in research and development was primarily due to additional testing
costs incurred in the U.K.
Patent amortization and other patent costs increased to $235,000 in 2006
from $170,000 in 2005. Included are $17,000 and $32,000 in 2006 and 2005,
respectively, related to abandonment of some patents. Patent amortization
expense for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 was $44,000 and $53,000,
respectively.
24
Interest income was $58,000 for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared
to $26,000 in 2005, an increase of $32,000 due to the higher average balance of
invested funds in 2006 because of private placement funding received at the end
of 2005.
Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2004
Revenue and cost of revenue were $812,000 and $471,000, respectively, in
2005 versus $722,000 and $455,000, respectively, in 2004. Revenue was comprised
of the following:
(in thousands)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------
2005 2004
------------- -------------
Additive $ 411 $ 299
Hardware 349 360
License and royalty 47 54
Consulting and other 5 9
------------- -------------
Total revenue $ 812 $ 722
============= =============
Additive revenue increased as a result of successful demonstration programs
and sales of the verified Purifier System which requires the use of Platinum
Plus fuel-borne catalyst. Both further penetration of the European market and
increased sales to key beverage delivery and waste hauling customers relating to
a grant from the State of Pennsylvania, increased Clean Diesel's additive
revenue. Hardware and license and royalty revenues remained relatively
constant.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased to $4,963,000 in
2005 from $3,962,000 in 2004 as summarized in the following table:
(in thousands)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------
2005 2004
------------- -------------
Compensation and benefits $ 2,771 $ 2,128
Professional services 834 744
Travel 546 407
Occupancy 475 423
Sales and marketing expenses 161 115
Depreciation and all other 176 145
------------- -------------
Total selling, general and
administrative expense $ 4,963 $ 3,962
============= =============
Compensation and benefit expense increased as a result of increases in
management salaries and related expenses. CDT hired a chief technology officer
in August 2005. An additional director was added to the board of directors in
2005. Occupancy increased in 2005 as a result of additional rent and related
expenses in the U.S. and Europe. Professional fees including financial advisory
fees increased in 2005 along with marketing activities in Europe and Asia.
Research and development expenses decreased to $439,000 in 2005 from
$506,000 in 2004. The decrease in research and development related to the
transition to commercial selling efforts in 2004, partially offset by additional
costs incurred for testing required by the Environmental Protection Agency and
additional hardware systems testing.
Patent amortization and other costs increased to $170,000 in 2005 versus
$90,000 in 2004. The 2005 increase is related to writing off of some patents in
2005, offset by additional patent applications including the acquisition of
additional patents from the Mitsui Company of Japan relating to catalyzed wire
mesh filter technology and the higher amortization related to prior years'
capitalized costs.
Interest income decreased to $26,000 in 2005 from $47,000 in 2004 due to
the lower amount of invested funds prior to the private placement funding
received at the end of 2005.
25
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash and cash equivalents amounted to $5,314,000 at December 31, 2006 and
our working capital was $7,217,000. We have been able to continue our
operations by raising additional capital. We have been primarily dependent upon
funding from new and existing stockholders during the last three years (see Note
6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).
In December 2006, we entered into definitive agreements with investors for
the purchase by these investors of 7.0 million shares of our common stock and
warrants for the right to acquire an additional 7.0 million shares of our common
stock, for the total gross sales price of $9.5 million (proceeds, net of
$410,000 in expenses, amount to approximately $9.0 million) of which $2.4
million, net of expenses, is classified in current assets as subscriptions
receivable and $1.9 million, net of expenses, representing unpaid subscriptions
receivable that remain unpaid as of March 23, 2007 are included as a reduction
of stockholders' equity at December 31, 2006. Each investment unit was sold for
$1.35 and was comprised of one share of our common stock, one Class A Warrant
and one Class B Warrant, each warrant entitling the holder to acquire one
additional share of common stock for every two shares purchased in the offering.
In the aggregate, the warrants comprise 3.5 million Class A Warrants and 3.5
million Class B Warrants. The Class A Warrants are exercisable at a per share
price of $2.00 and expire on July 2, 2007. The Class B Warrants are exercisable
at a per share price of $2.50 and expire on December 29, 2007. We will use the
proceeds from this private placement for general working capital purposes,
including the protection of our intellectual property. Of the total shares
sold, 6,690,689 were sold to off-shore investors, primarily in the U.K., and the
Company claims the exemption from registration provided by Regulation S under
the 1933 Securities Act. Of the total shares sold, 309,312 were sold to
investors in the U.S., and the Company claims the exemption from registration
provided by Regulation D under the Act.
In connection with this private placement, we undertook to apply for the
listing of our outstanding shares on the American Stock Exchange or another
recognized U.S. stock exchange at such time as we should satisfy the applicable
listing requirements. We also undertook to file a registration statement under
the Securities Act of 1933 covering the shares of common stock and the shares of
common stock underlying the warrants following completion of the audit of our
financial statements for the year 2006. The costs to apply for listing on a
national stock exchange and to prepare a registration statement for filing with
the SEC could be significant.
Our management believes that our available funds at December 31, 2006 and
the funds to be collected from subscriptions receivable will be sufficient to
sustain our operations at current levels into 2008. These funds consist of
available cash and the funding derived from our revenue sources. We expect an
infusion of cash of $4.3 million, net of expenses, upon settlement of stock
subscriptions receivable that were committed in conjunction with our December
2006 private placement. Of that $4.3 million, we had received $2.4 million,
net, as of March 23, 2007. There is also the possibility that some or all of
the 7.0 million warrants issued in connection with the December 2006 private
placement may be exercised which could generate additional cash.
In the event that our business does not generate sufficient cash and
external financing is not available or timely, we would be required to
substantially reduce our level of operations and capital expenditures in order
to conserve cash and possibly seek joint ventures or other transactions,
including the sale of assets. These reductions could have an adverse effect on
our relationships with our customers and suppliers. Our long-term continuation
is dependent upon the achievement of profitable operations and the ability to
generate sufficient cash from operations, equity financings and other funding
sources to meet our obligations.
We have incurred losses since inception aggregating $44,977,000 which
amount includes $4,752,000 of non-cash preferred stock dividends. We expect to
incur losses through the foreseeable future until our products and technological
solutions achieve greater awareness. Although we have generated revenue from
sales of our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst, Purifier Systems, ARIS advanced
reagent injector and dosing systems for selective catalytic reduction, catalyzed
wire mesh filters and from ARIS license fees and royalties, revenue to date has
been insufficient to cover our operating expenses, and we continue to be
dependent upon sources other than operations to finance our working capital
requirements.
At December 31, 2006 and 2005, we had cash and cash equivalents of
$5,314,000 and $4,513,000, respectively, an increase of $801,000. This increase
was due to the timing of private placements of our common stock in 2006 and
2005. In 2006, we had an infusion of $4.9 million in cash at the end of
December 2006 and did
26
not pay the related placement fee expenses until January 2007 (we paid placement
fees aggregating approximately $230,000 in January 2007). Our 2005 private
placement resulted in an infusion of $5.5 million, net of $232,000 in expenses
paid in 2005. Our working capital increased to $7,217,000 at December 31, 2006
from $5,009,000 at December 31, 2005, an increase of $2,208,000 primarily
attributable to the increased cash balance and higher subscriptions receivable,
net of expenses, classified as current assets of $2,412,000 at December 31, 2006
compared to $488,000 at December 31, 2005. The subscriptions receivable, net,
of $2,412,000 were paid before March 23, 2007 and we expect $1,901,000, net of
expenses, will be paid to us after March 23, 2007.
For the year ended December 31, 2006, we used $4,317,000 of cash for
operating activities primarily to fund the 2006 net loss of $5,384,000, adjusted
for non-cash items. The 2006 non-cash items included $138,000 of depreciation
and amortization expense and $304,000 stock option compensation expense
accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 123R, which we adopted in January 1,
2006. Our accounts payable and accrued expenses contributed $678,000 to our
operating cash flow, reflecting increases attributable to delaying cash
disbursements until after receipt of funds from the 2006 private placement. Our
December 31, 2006 accrued expenses include $410,000, the total cash portion of
the placement fee due to the placement agent for the 2006 private placement,
compared to $13,000 placement fee included in accrued expenses at December 31,
2005.
Cash used for investing activities was $114,000 for the year ended December
31, 2006 and was attributable to capital expenditures for fixed assets and
patent costs. We expect to continue to invest in our patents.
Cash provided by financing activities was $5,228,000 for the year ended
December 31, 2006 and is attributable to the 2006 private placement, net of the
related placement fee that is included in accrued expenses, and receipt of funds
to settle subscriptions receivable from the 2005 private placement.
No dividends have been paid on our common stock and we do not anticipate
paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
We have no indebtedness, nor any standby credit arrangements.
CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
As of December 31, 2006, we had no commitments for capital expenditures and
no material commitments are anticipated in the near future.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following is a summary of our contractual obligations as of December
31, 2006:
(in thousands)
LESS THAN 1 TO 3 4 TO 5 OVER 5
TOTAL 1 YEAR YEARS YEARS YEARS
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Operating Leases $ 351 $ 174 $ 177 $ - $ -
Other 355 71 142 142 -
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total $ 706 $ 245 $ 319 $ 142 $ -
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
The operating leases include our facilities in the U.S. and U.K. and
consist of leases with the following original terms: a five-year lease for our
executive offices, a four-year lease for warehouse space and a 27-month lease
for administrative offices. Other represents our approximate costs for legal
services and certain administrative costs under a management services agreement
with Fuel Tech, which we expect to continue.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
As part of our on-going business, we do not participate in transactions
that generate relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial
partnerships, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating
off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited
purposes. As of December 31, 2006, we are not involved in any material
unconsolidated transactions.
27
FACTORS AFFECTING OUR BUSINESS AND PROSPECTS
See Item 1A. "Risk Factors."
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
In the opinion of management, with the exception of exposure to
fluctuations in the cost of platinum and the U.K. exchange rate, we are not
subject to any significant market risk exposure. We monitor the price of
platinum and exchange rates and adjust our procurement strategies as needed.
See Item 1A. "Risk Factors-Platinum Price."
Our transactions are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars. We typically
make certain payments in various foreign currencies for salary expense, patent
annuities and maintenance, product tests and registration, local marketing and
promotion and consultants.
28
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Board of Directors and Stockholders
Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Clean Diesel
Technologies, Inc. and subsidiary (the "Company") as of December 31, 2006 and
2005 and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss,
changes in stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 2006. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we
plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the
financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Clean
Diesel Technologies, Inc. and subsidiary as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 and
the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of
the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006 in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
As discussed in Note 2, effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123R, "Share-Based Payment."
/s/ Eisner LLP
New York, New York
March 23, 2007
29
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
2006 2005
--------- ---------
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 5,314 $ 4,513
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $34 and $11, respectively 100 125
Inventories, net 365 285
Other current assets 96 94
Subscriptions receivable, net 2,412 488
--------- ---------
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 8,287 5,505
Patents, net 603 567
Fixed assets, net of accumulated depreciation of $350 and
$259, respectively 91 175
Other assets 37 27
--------- ---------
TOTAL ASSETS $ 9,018 $ 6,274
========= =========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable $ 330 $ 170
Accrued expenses 740 317
Deferred revenue - 9
--------- ---------
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 1,070 496
Commitments (Note 8)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Preferred stock, par value $0.05 per share,
authorized 100,000; no shares issued and outstanding - -
Common stock, par value $0.05 per share:
authorized 45,000,000 and 30,000,000 shares, respectively;
issued and outstanding 29,822,468 and 25,369,358
shares, respectively 1,491 1,268
subscribed and to be issued 3,339,994 and 705,113 shares,
respectively 167 35
Additional paid-in capital, net of subscriptions receivable of $1,901
at December 31, 2006 51,263 44,068
Accumulated other comprehensive income 4 -
Accumulated deficit (44,977) (39,593)
--------- ---------
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY 7,948 5,778
--------- ---------
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY $ 9,018 $ 6,274
========= =========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
30
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------
Revenue: 2006 2005 2004
-------------- -------------- --------------
Additive revenue $ 591 $ 411 $ 299
Hardware revenue 269 349 360
License and royalty revenue 74 47 54
Consulting and other 189 5 9
-------------- -------------- --------------
Total revenue 1,123 812 722
-------------- -------------- --------------
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue 658 471 455
Selling, general and administrative 5,278 4,963 3,962
Research and development 510 439 506
Patent amortization and other expense 235 170 90
-------------- -------------- --------------
Operating costs and expenses 6,681 6,043 5,013
-------------- -------------- --------------
Loss from operations (5,558) (5,231) (4,291)
Other income (expense):
Foreign currency exchange gain (loss) 104 (221) 101
Interest income 58 26 47
Other 12 - -
-------------- -------------- --------------
Net loss $ (5,384) $ (5,426) $ (4,143)
============== ============== ==============
Basic and diluted loss per common share $ (0.21) $ (0.30) $ (0.26)
============== ============== ==============
Basic and diluted weighted-average number of
common shares outstanding 26,059 18,389 16,071
============== ============== ==============
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------
2006 2005 2004
-------------- -------------- --------------
Net loss $ (5,384) $ (5,426) $ (4,143)
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustment 4 - -
-------------- -------------- --------------
Comprehensive loss $ (5,380) $ (5,426) $ (4,143)
============== ============== ==============
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
31
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands)
COMMON STOCK ACCUMULATED
COMMON STOCK TO BE ISSUED ADDITIONAL OTHER TOTAL
--------------- ----------------- PAID-IN COMPREHENSIVE ACCUMULATED STOCKHOLDERS'
SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL INCOME (LOSS) DEFICIT EQUITY
------ ------- ------ ------- ----------- --------------- ------------ ---------------
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2003 15,679 $ 784 - $ - $ 35,813 $ - $ (30,024) $ 6,573
Net loss - - - - - - (4,143) (4,143)
Options exercised 34 2 - - 87 - - 89
Issuance of common stock 1,427 71 - - 2,472 - - 2,543
Payment of directors' fees in
common stock 26 1 - - 56 - - 57
Broker fee credit from 2003 - - - - 3 - - 3
------ ------- ------ ------- ----------- --------------- ------------ ---------------
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2004 17,166 $ 858 - $ - $ 38,431 $ - $ (34,167) $ 5,122
Net loss - - - - - - (5,426) (5,426)
Options exercised 2 - - - 2 - - 2
Issuance of common stock 8,174 409 5,113 - - 5,522
Common stock subscribed and
to be issued - - 705 35 453 - - 488
Payment of directors' fees in
common stock 27 1 - - 69 - - 70
------ ------- ------ ------- ----------- --------------- ------------ ---------------
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2005 25,369 $ 1,268 705 $ 35 $ 44,068 $ - $ (39,593) $ 5,778
Net loss - - - - - - (5,384) (5,384)
Options exercised 15 1 - - 13 - - 14
Compensation expense for
stock options - - - - 304 - - 304
Issuance of common stock 4,376 219 (705) (35) 4,542 - - 4,726
Common stock subscribed and
to be issued - - 3,340 167 4,146 - - 4,313
Subscriptions receivable, net
(unpaid as of March 23, 2007) - - - - (1,901) - - (1,901)
Foreign currency translation - - - - - 4 - 4
Payment of directors' fees in
common stock 62 3 - - 91 - - 94
------ ------- ------ ------- ----------- --------------- ------------ ---------------
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2006 29,822 $ 1,491 3,340 $ 167 $ 51,263 $ 4 $ (44,977) $ 7,948
====== ======= ====== ======= ============ =============== ============= ===============
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
32
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW
(in thousands)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------
2006 2005 2004
-------------- -------------- --------------
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss $ (5,384) $ (5,426) $ (4,143)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 138 163 132
Provision for inventory 27 43 -
Provision for doubtful accounts, net 23 12 -
Compensation expense for stock options 304 - 88
Loss on disposition/abandonment of fixed assets/patents 23 33 19
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable 2 7 (40)
Inventories (107) 59 (76)
Other current assets and other assets (12) (23) (7)
Deferred compensation and pension benefits - - (306)
Accounts payable and accrued expense 678 167 21
Deferred revenue (9) 9 -
-------------- -------------- --------------
Net cash used for operating activities (4,317) (4,956) (4,312)
-------------- -------------- --------------
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Patent costs (94) (235) (186)
Purchase of fixed assets (20) (85) (164)
-------------- -------------- --------------
Net cash used for investing activities (114) (320) (350)
-------------- -------------- --------------
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net
5,214 5,522 2,408
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
14 2 1
Proceeds from broker fee credit - - 3
----------------------------------------------
Net cash provided by financing activities 5,228 5,524 2,412
-------------- -------------- --------------
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash 4 - -
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
CASH EQUIVALENTS $ 801 $ 248 $ (2,250)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year 4,513 4,265 6,515
-------------- -------------- --------------
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF THE YEAR $ 5,314 $ 4,513 $ 4,265
============== ============== ==============
SUPPLEMENTAL NON-CASH ACTIVITIES:
Common stock subscribed, net $ 4,313 $ 488 $ -
Payment of accrued directors' fees in common stock 94 70 57
Stock issued as payment for deferred compensation - - 135
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
33
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. BUSINESS
Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. ("CDT" or the "Company") is a developer of
technological solutions to reduce harmful emissions from internal combustion
engines while improving fuel economy. The Company's products include Platinum
Plus, a fuel-borne catalyst; the Purifier System, which combines its fuel-borne
catalyst with a diesel oxidation catalyst; the fuel-borne catalyst/catalyzed
wire mesh filter system; and the ARIS nitrogen oxides reduction system. CDT is
establishing a network of licensed distributors to sell and market its patented
Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst, verified Purifier System and verified
fuel-borne catalyst/catalyzed wire mesh filter system. CDT also directly
markets and sells the Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst, Purifier System and
catalyzed wire mesh filter systems to key corporate fleets to generate demand
for its technologies. CDT's strategy for the ARIS nitrogen oxides reduction
system is to license the patented technology to engineering and automotive
companies for an up-front license fee and an on-going royalty. The success of
the Company's technologies will depend upon the commercialization opportunities
of the technologies, governmental regulations and corresponding requirements of
foreign and state agencies to drive demand.
During 2006, 2005 and 2004, the Company incurred net losses of
approximately $5.4 million, $5.4 million and $4.1 million, respectively, and at
December 31, 2006, has an accumulated deficit of approximately $45.0 million.
Net cash used for operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2006 was
approximately $4.3 million. In 2006, the Company initiated a plan to reduce
administrative costs, primarily through the reduction of compensation to certain
employees and the reduction in the number of outside consultants. As of
December 31, 2006, the Company's cash and cash equivalents were $5.3 million and
working capital was $7.2 million. In December 2006, the Company completed a
private placement of its common stock to raise funds for its operations that
resulted in aggregate net proceeds of approximately $9.0 million of which $4.7
million, net, was received in the fourth quarter of 2006, $2.4 million, net, was
received by March 23, 2007 and $1.9 million, net, is expected to be received
after March 23, 2007. Based upon the Company's operating and cash plan for 2007
which takes into consideration the cash on hand at December 31, 2006 and the
additional infusion of cash from subscriptions receivable, management believes
that the Company will have sufficient working capital to fund its operations
into the first quarter of 2008.
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
BASIS OF PRESENTATION:
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CDT and Clean
Diesel International, LLC ("CDTI"), its wholly-owned subsidiary, after
elimination of all significant intercompany transactions and accounts.
USE OF ESTIMATES:
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets
and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and revenue and
expenses during the period reported. These estimates include assessing the
collectibility of accounts receivable, the use and realizability of inventories,
useful lives for depreciation and amortization periods of intangible assets.
The markets for our products and services are characterized by rapid
technological development and evolving standards, all of which could impact the
future realizability of our assets. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed
periodically and the effects of revisions are reflected in the period that they
are determined to be necessary. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
RECLASSIFICATIONS:
Some amounts in prior years' financial statements have been reclassified to
conform to the current year's presentation.
34
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS:
Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with
original maturities of three months or less at date of acquisition.
REVENUE RECOGNITION:
The Company generates revenue from the sale of fuel-borne catalysts
(classified as additives), including the Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst
products and concentrate; hardware including the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency verified Purifier System, ARIS advanced reagent injection system
injectors and dosing systems; license and royalty fees from the ARIS System and
other technology; and consulting fees.
Revenue is recognized when earned. For technology licensing fees paid by
licensees that are fixed and determinable, accepted by the customer and
nonrefundable, revenue is recognized upon execution of the license agreement
unless it is subject to completion of any performance criteria specified within
the agreement, in which case it is deferred until such performance criteria are
met. Royalties are frequently required pursuant to license agreements or may be
the subject of separately executed royalty agreements. Revenue from royalties
is recognized ratably over the royalty period based upon periodic reports
submitted by the royalty obligor or based on minimum royalty requirements.
Revenue from product sales is recognized when title has passed and our products
are shipped to our customer, unless the purchase order or contract specifically
requires us to provide installation for hardware purchases. For hardware
projects in which we are responsible for installation (either directly or
indirectly by third-party contractors), revenue is recognized when the hardware
is installed and/or accepted, if the project requires inspection and/or
acceptance. Other revenue primarily consists of engineering and development
consulting services. Revenue from technical consulting services is generally
recognized and billed as the services are performed. At December 31, 2006 and
2005, our deferred revenue was zero and $9,000, respectively.
INVENTORIES:
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market with cost determined
using the average cost method. We assess the realizability of inventories by
periodically conducting a physical inventory and reviewing the movement of
inventory to determine the value of items that are slow moving and obsolete.
The potential for near-term product engineering changes and/or technological
obsolescence and current realizability are considered in determining the
adequacy of inventory reserves. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, our inventory
reserves were $27,000 and zero, respectively.
FIXED ASSETS:
Our fixed assets, comprised of furniture and fixtures, purchased software
and computer equipment, are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed over the
estimated useful lives of the depreciable assets ranging from three to five
years using the straight-line method. Depreciation expense was $94,000,
$112,000 and $90,000 for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004,
respectively.
PATENTS:
Patents, which include all direct incremental costs associated with initial
patent filings and costs to acquire rights to patents under licenses, are stated
at cost and amortized using the straight-line method over the remaining useful
lives, ranging from one to seventeen years. Indirect and other patent-related
costs are expensed as incurred.
We evaluate the remaining useful life of our patents at each reporting
period to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the
remaining period of amortization. If the evaluation determines that the
patent's remaining useful life has changed, the remaining carrying amount of the
patent is amortized prospectively over that revised remaining useful life. We
also evaluate our patents for impairment whenever events or other changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The
testing for impairment includes evaluating the undiscounted cash flows of the
asset and the remaining period of amortization or useful life. The factors used
in evaluating the undiscounted cash flows include current operating results,
projected future
35
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
operating results and cash flows and any other material factors that may affect
the continuity or the usefulness of the asset. If impairment exists or if we
decide to abandon a patent, the patent is written down to its fair value based
upon discounted cash flows. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company's
patents, net were $603,000 and $567,000, respectively.
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS:
We report comprehensive loss in accordance with Financial Accounting
Standards Board ("FASB") Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS")
No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income." The provisions of SFAS No. 130
require that the Company report the changes in stockholders' equity from all
sources during the period other than those resulting from investments by and
distributions to stockholders. Accordingly, the consolidated statements of
comprehensive loss are presented, while the caption "accumulated other
comprehensive income" is included on the consolidated balance sheets as a
component of stockholders' equity. Due to availability of net operating losses
and the resultant deferred tax benefit being fully reserved, there is no tax
effect associated with any component of other comprehensive loss. Comprehensive
loss is comprised of net loss and other comprehensive income. Other
comprehensive income includes certain changes in stockholders' equity that are
excluded from net loss, including foreign currency translation adjustments.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION:
Prior to 2006, the U.S. dollar was considered the functional currency for
CDTI, the Company's U.K. branch. During 2006, the activities of CDTI increased,
including transacting business in local currency. Accordingly, commencing in
2006, the functional currency changed to the pound and thereafter assets and
liabilities of CDTI are translated at the exchange rates in effect at the
balance sheet date, and revenue and expenses are translated at the average
exchange rates for the period. The resulting foreign currency translation
adjustment of $4,000 is included in accumulated other comprehensive income as a
component of stockholders' equity. The resulting effect of remeasurement of
CDTI's accounts into its functional currency as a result of the change was not
significant. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in
other income/(expenses) in the consolidated statements of operations and
aggregated gains in 2006 and 2004 of $104,000 and $101,000, respectively, and a
loss in 2005 of $221,000.
BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER COMMON SHARE:
Basic and diluted loss per share is calculated in accordance with SFAS No.
128, "Earnings Per Share." Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net
loss by the weighted-average shares outstanding during the reporting period.
Diluted loss per share is computed in a manner similar to basic earnings per
share except that the weighted-average shares outstanding are increased to
include additional shares from the assumed exercise of stock options and
warrants, if dilutive, using the treasury stock method. The Company's
computation of diluted net loss per share for 2006, 2005 and 2004 does not
include common share equivalents associated with 3,240,000, 3,246,000 and
2,668,000 options, respectively, and 7,787,000, 507,000 and 532,000 warrants,
respectively, as the result would be anti-dilutive. Further, the per share
effects of the common stock subscribed and to be issued have not been included
as the effect would be anti-dilutive.
CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK:
Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentration of
credit risk, consist of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivables. We
maintain cash and cash equivalents in accounts with various financial
institutions in amounts which, at times, may be in excess of the FDIC insurance
limit. We have not experienced any losses on such accounts and do not believe
we are exposed to any significant risk with respect to cash and cash
equivalents.
We sell our products and services to distributors and end users in various
industries worldwide. We regularly assess the realizability of accounts
receivable and also take into consideration the value of past due accounts
receivable and the collectibility of such receivables based upon credit
worthiness and historic collections from past due accounts. We do not require
collateral or other security to support customer receivables.
36
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS:
In each of the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, revenue
derived from certain customers comprised 10% or more of our consolidated revenue
("significant customers") as set forth in the table below:
As a percentage of consolidated revenue:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
2006 2005 2004
--------- --------- ---------
Customer A 29% 11% 35%
Customer B 13% 12% *
Customer C * * 16%
Customer D * 24% *
Customer E * 10% *
* Less than 10% for this customer in the applicable year.
In addition, at December 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company had two customers
that represent 46% and 29%, respectively, of its gross accounts receivable
balance (Customers A and E at December 31, 2006 and Customer A and another
customer at December 31, 2005).
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS:
Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts
receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses. At December 31, 2006 and
2005, the fair value of these instruments approximated their carrying value
(carried at cost).
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION:
Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123 (Revised 2004),
"Share Based Payment," which requires public companies to measure the cost of
employee, officer and director services received in exchange for stock-based
awards at the fair value of the award on the date of grant. SFAS No. 123R
supersedes the Company's previous accounting under SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation," which permitted the Company to account for such
compensation under Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25, "Accounting
for Stock Issued to Employees." In accordance with APB No. 25 and related
interpretations, no compensation cost had been recognized in connection with the
issuance of stock options, as all options granted under the Company's stock
option plan had an exercise price equal to or greater than the market value of
the underlying common stock on the date of the grant.
The Company applied the modified prospective transition method upon
adoption of SFAS No. 123R. Under the modified prospective transition method,
compensation cost is required to be recorded as earned for all unvested stock
options outstanding at the beginning of the first year of adoption of SFAS No.
123R based upon the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the
original provisions of SFAS No. 123 and for compensation cost for all
share-based payments granted or modified subsequently based on fair value
estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123R. The Company's
financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2006 reflect the
impact of SFAS No. 123R but, in accordance with the modified prospective
transition method, the Company's financial statements for prior periods have not
been restated to reflect, and do not include, the impact of SFAS No. 123R.
For the year ended December 31, 2006, share-based compensation for options
attributable to employees and officers was $304,000, or $0.01 per share, and has
been included in the Company's 2006 statement of operations. Compensation costs
for stock options which vest over time are recognized over the vesting period.
As of December 31, 2006, the Company had $158,000 of unrecognized compensation
cost related to granted stock options that remained to be recognized over
vesting periods. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted
average period of one year.
37
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
In March 2005, the Company's board of directors accelerated the vesting of
all employee outstanding, unvested 2003 option grants and up to 25,000 options
per employee of unvested 2004 option grants for a total of 363,000 options with
fair value of $498,000. This action was taken by the Company's board of
directors to avoid compensation charges under SFAS No. 123R. Since the market
price of the Company's common stock at the time of the acceleration of vesting
was below the option exercise price, no additional expense was recognized on the
Company's statement of operations.
If compensation expense had been determined based on the fair value at the
date of grant for awards under the stock option plan, consistent with the method
described in SFAS No. 123, as amended, the Company's net loss and basic and
diluted loss per common share, on a pro forma basis, would have been as follows:
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------
2005 2004
------------- -------------
Net loss attributable to common stock holders as reported $ (5,426) $ (4,143)
Add: Stock-based compensation expense included in reported
net loss, net of related tax effects - 88
Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense
determined under fair value-based method for all awards,
net of related tax effects (875) (826)
------------- -------------
Pro forma net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (6,301) $ (4,881)
============= =============
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic and diluted net loss per common share - as reported $ (0.30) $ (0.26)
============= =============
Basic and diluted per common share - pro forma $ (0.34) $ (0.30)
============= =============
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES:
Selling, general and administrative expenses are comprised of the
following:
(in thousands)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
2006 2005 2004
--------- --------- ---------
Compensation and benefits $ 3,061 $ 2,771 $ 2,128
Professional services 792 834 744
Travel 538 546 407
Occupancy 406 475 423
Sales and marketing expenses 279 161 115
Depreciation and all other 202 176 145
--------- --------- ---------
Total selling, general and
administrative expense $ 5,278 $ 4,963 $ 3,962
========= ========= =========
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS:
Costs relating to the research, development and testing of our technologies
and products are charged to operations as they are incurred. These costs
include test programs, salary and benefits, consulting fees, materials and
certain testing equipment.
INCOME TAXES:
Deferred income taxes are provided for the tax effect of temporary
differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial
reporting purposes and the amounts used for tax purposes.
38
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS:
In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, "Accounting for
Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN
48)." FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes by
prescribing a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial
statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be
taken in a tax return. The Interpretation also provides guidance on
derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim
periods, and disclosure. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2006. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact FIN
48 will have on its results of operations and financial position but does not
expect its adoption will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated
financial statements.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, "Fair Value Measurements."
SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair
value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about
fair value measurements. Specifically, this Statement sets forth a definition
of fair value, and establishes a hierarchy prioritizing the inputs to valuation
techniques, giving the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for
identical assets and liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs.
The provisions of SFAS No. 157 are generally required to be applied on a
prospective basis, except to certain financial instruments accounted for under
SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, for
which the provisions of SFAS No. 157 should be applied retrospectively. The
Company will adopt SFAS No. 157 in the first quarter of 2008 and is still
evaluating the effect, if any, on its financial position or results of
operations.
In September 2006, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108,
"Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying
Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements" (SAB 108). SAB 108 was
issued in order to eliminate the diversity in practice surrounding how public
companies quantify financial statement misstatements. SAB 108 requires that
registrants quantify errors using both a balance sheet and income statement
approach and evaluate whether either approach results in a misstated amount
that, when all relevant quantitative and qualitative factors are considered, is
material. The adoption of this statement is not expected to have a material
impact on the Company's consolidated financial condition or results of
operations.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, "The Fair Value Option for
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities - Including an amendment of FASB
Statement No. 115." SFAS No. 159 permits an entity to elect fair value as the
initial and subsequent measurement attribute for many financial assets and
liabilities. Entities electing the fair value option would be required to
recognize changes in fair value in earnings. Entities electing the fair value
option are required to distinguish, on the face of the statement of financial
position, the fair value of assets and liabilities for which the fair value
option has been elected and similar assets and liabilities measured using
another measurement attribute. SFAS No. 159 is effective for the Company's
fiscal year 2008. The adjustment to reflect the difference between the fair
value and the carrying amount would be accounted for as a cumulative-effect
adjustment to retained earnings as of the date of initial adoption. We are
currently evaluating the impact, if any, of SFAS No. 159 on the Company's
consolidated financial statements.
3. INVENTORIES
Inventories are comprised of the following:
(in thousands)
DECEMBER 31,
---------------------
2006 2005
---------- ---------
Finished Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst $ 144 $ 59
Platinum concentrate/metal 103 119
Hardware 119 55
Other 26 52
---------- ---------
$ 392 $ 285
Less: inventory reserves (27) -
---------- ---------
Inventories, net $ 365 $ 285
========== =========
39
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
4. PATENTS
Patents held by the Company consist of capitalized patent costs net of
accumulated amortization and are as follows:
(in thousands)
DECEMBER 31,
----------------------
2006 2005
---------- ----------
Patents $ 742 $ 665
Less: accumulated amortization (139) (98)
---------- ----------
Patents, net $ 603 $ 567
========== ==========
Patent amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and
2004 was $44,000, $53,000 and $42,000, respectively. Patent amortization
expense for each of the five succeeding years based upon patents as of December
31, 2006 is estimated to be approximately $45,000 annually.
5. ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued expenses are comprised of the following:
(in thousands)
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
2006 2005
--------- ---------
Accrued placement agent fees $ 410 $ 13
Accrued directors' fees 144 94
Accrued compensation 122 -
Professional fees and other 64 210
--------- ---------
Accrued expenses $ 740 $ 317
========= =========
6. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Authorized Capital Stock
The Company has 45.1 million shares authorized, 45 million shares of which
are $0.05 par value common stock and 100,000 of which are $0.05 par value
preferred stock. At the Company's annual meeting of shareholders held on June
15, 2006, the stockholders approved an amendment to increase the number of
shares of common stock the Company is authorized to issue from 30 million to 45
million. Such amendment became effective on June 21, 2006 when the Company
filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Restated Certificate of Incorporation
with the Secretary of State of Delaware.
Issuance of Common Shares
On December 29, 2006, the Company secured commitments for the purchase of
7,000,000 shares of its common stock, par value $0.05, and warrants for the
purchase of an additional 7,000,000 shares of common stock for aggregate gross
cash proceeds of $9.5 million (net proceeds of approximately $9.0 million). Of
such total, $5.0 million ($4.7 million, net) had been received by December 31,
2006 and comprised 3,660,006 shares of our common stock. Of the remaining
balance of $4.5 million ($4.3 million, net), $2.5 million was paid by
subscribers by March 23, 2007. This amount, net of the related placement fee of
approximately $0.1 million, was classified in current assets as subscriptions
receivable on the December 31, 2006 balance sheet and represented 1,867,772
shares of our common stock. Net subscriptions receivable of $1.9 million (net
of the related placement fees of approximately $0.1 million) that had not paid
as of March 23, 2007 have been classified as a reduction of stockholders equity
as of December 31, 2006 and represented 1,472,221 shares of our common stock.
The securities were sold in investment units consisting of one share of common
stock, one Class A Warrant and one Class B Warrant, each warrant entitling the
holder to purchase one additional share of common stock for every two shares of
common stock acquired in the
40
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
offering at a purchase price of $1.35 per unit (see Note 7). The material terms
of the agreements between the Company and the investors are as follows:
(i) The Company sold and the investors bought units of one share of common
stock and warrants (effectively, one-half of each of Class A and B Warrants) to
buy one share of common stock for the consideration of $1.35 per unit;
(ii) The investors represented that they were acquiring the shares, the
warrants and the shares of common stock underlying the warrants for their own
accounts as an investment, and undertook with respect to these securities to
comply with the transfer restrictions of Regulation S or Regulation D under the
Securities Act of 1933, as the case may be;
(iii) The Company undertook to apply for the listing of its outstanding
shares on the American Stock Exchange or another recognized U.S. stock exchange
at such time as the Company should satisfy the applicable listing requirements;
and
(iv) The Company undertook to file a registration statement under the
Securities Act of 1933 covering the shares and the shares of common stock
underlying the warrants following completion of the audit of its financial
statements for the year 2006. The agreements do not contain a penalty provision
for the Company's failure to file this registration statement.
In connection with this offering, the Company incurred expenses including
commissions to the placement agent of approximately $410,000. In addition, the
Company will issue warrants to purchase 837,994 shares of the Company's common
stock, at an exercise price of $1.6875 per share expiring on December 29, 2011,
to the placement agent as additional compensation for its services, subject to
the availability of authorized shares of common stock not otherwise committed.
During 2005, Clean Diesel received proceeds of $5.5 million (net of
$232,000 in expenses) through a private placement of 8.174 million shares of its
common stock. The price of the common stock was 40 pence (GBP) per share
(approximately $0.704 per share). In addition, Clean Diesel received
subscriptions for an additional $487,500 (net of $12,500 in expenses) related to
the above transaction for 0.7 million shares of its common stock of which all
$487,500 was received by March 3, 2006.
In 2004, Clean Diesel received cash proceeds of $2.4 million (net of
expenses) through two private placements totaling approximately 1.4 million
shares of its common stock.
In June 2006, June 2005 and July 2004, the Company issued 62,194, 27,179
and 26,031 shares of its common stock, respectively, to non-executive members of
its board of directors in lieu of approximately $94,000, $70,000 and $56,500 of
directors' fees earned for services provided during the years ended December 31,
2005, 2004 and 2003. The share price used represented the average of CDT's
quarter-end high and low trading prices. These directors' fees had been accrued
and charged to expense ratably during the respective years.
7. STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS
Stock Options
The Company maintains a stock award plan approved by its stockholders, the
1994 Incentive Plan (the "Plan"). Under the Plan, awards may be granted to
participants in the form of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock
options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, performance awards,
bonuses or other forms of share-based awards or cash, or combinations of these
as determined by the board of directors. Awards are granted at fair market
value on the date of grant and typically expire 10 years after date of grant.
Participants in the Plan may include the Company's directors, officers,
employees, consultants and advisors (except consultants or advisors in
capital-raising transactions) as the board of directors may determine. The
maximum number of awards allowed under the Plan is 17.5% of the Company's
outstanding common stock less the then outstanding awards, subject to sufficient
authorized shares. In general, the policy of the board of directors is to grant
stock options that vest in equal amounts on the date
41
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
of grant and the first and second anniversaries of the date of grant, except
that awards to non-executive members of the board of directors typically vest
immediately.
The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes
valuation model. Key input assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock
options include the expected term, expected volatility of the Company's stock,
the risk free interest rate, option forfeiture rates, and dividends, if any.
The expected term of the options is based upon the historical term until
exercise or expiration of all granted options. The expected volatility is
derived from the historical volatility of the Company's stock on the U.S. Over
the Counter market and the U.K. AIM of the London Stock Exchange for a period
that matches the expected term of the option. The risk-free interest rate is
the constant maturity rate published by the U.S. Federal Reserve Board that
corresponds to the expected term of the option. SFAS No. 123R requires
forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant in order to estimate the amount
of share based awards that will ultimately vest. The estimate is based on the
Company's historical rates of forfeitures. Share based compensation expense
recognized by the Company in 2006 includes (i) compensation expense for share
based awards granted prior to, but not yet vested as of December 31, 2005, based
on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the pro forma
provisions of SFAS No. 123 and (ii) compensation expense for the share based
payment awards granted subsequent to December 31, 2005, based on the grant date
fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123R. This
is based on awards ultimately expected to vest. In the Company's pro forma
information required under SFAS No. 123 for the periods prior to 2006 (see Note
2), the Company accounted for forfeitures as they occurred. SFAS No. 123R also
requires estimated forfeitures to be revised, if necessary in subsequent periods
if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The dividend yield is
assumed as 0% because the Company has not paid dividends and does not expect to
pay dividends in the future.
The weighted-average fair values at the date of grant for options granted
during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 were $1.493, $0.860 and
$1.390, respectively, and were estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing
model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
2006 2005 2004
--------- --------- ---------
Expected term in years 8.64 4.0 4.0
Risk-free interest rate 4.56% 4.2% 4.2%
Expected volatility 104.7% 106.9% 99.4%
Dividend yield 0% 0% 0%
42
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table summarizes the Company's stock option activity and
related information for the years ended December 31:
2006 2005 2004
--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE
EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE
SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE
---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
Outstanding at beginning of year 3,245,937 $ 2.061 2,668,387 $ 2.394 2,247,950 $ 2.450
Options granted 105,000 $ 1.663 674,000 $ 1.145 469,000 $ 1.980
Options exercised (15,000) $ 0.900 (2,000) $ 0.900 (48,563) $ 1.216
Options expired (48,333) $ 4.616 (40,000) $ 2.346 - $ -
Options forfeited (47,167) $ 1.999 (54,450) $ 6.820 - $ -
---------- ---------- ----------
Outstanding at end of year 3,240,437 $ 2.016 3,245,937 $ 2.061 2,668,387 $ 2.394
========== ========== ==========
Options exercisable at year-end 2,989,659 $ 2.082 2,8337 $ 2.186 2,197,050 $ 2.470
========== ========== ==========
Options available for grant at
year-end 724,268 - -
Weighted-average fair value of
options granted during the year $ 1.493 $ 0.860 $ 1.390
========= ========= =========
Aggregate intrinsic value -
options exercised $ 3,000 $ 200 $ 75,605
========= ========= =========
Aggregate intrinsic value -
options outstanding $ 566,729
=========
Aggregate intrinsic value -
options exercisable $ 556,605
=========
The following table summarizes information about stock options
outstanding at December 31, 2006:
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING OPTIONS EXERCISABLE
--------------------------------------- -------------------------
WEIGHTED
AVERAGE
REMAINING WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
CONTRACTUAL AVERAGE AVERAGE
RANGE OF NUMBER LIFE EXERCISE NUMBER EXERCISE
EXERCISE PRICES OUTSTANDING (IN YEARS) PRICE EXERCISABLE PRICE
---------------- ----------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------
$ 0.720 - 1.020 687,218 6.73 $ 0.975 559,773 $ 0.965
$ 1.391 - 1.675 619,552 4.82 $ 1.590 496,219 $ 1.620
$ 1.840 - 2.375 923,500 6.05 $ 1.967 923,500 $ 1.967
$ 2.500 - 4.625 1,010,167 4.60 $ 3.032 1,010,167 $ 3.032
----------- -----------
$ 0.720 - 4.625 3,240,437 6.05 $ 2.016 2,989,659 $ 2.082
=========== ===========
Warrants
As outlined in Note 6, the December 2006 private placement was comprised of
investment units that consisted of one share of common stock, one Class A
Warrant and one Class B Warrant. These warrants are immediately exercisable.
The Class A Warrants entitle the holder until July 2, 2007 to purchase, at a
price of $2.00 per share, one share of common stock for every two shares of
common stock acquired in the offering. The Class B Warrants entitle the holder
until December 29, 2007 to purchase, at a price of $2.50 per share, one share of
common stock for every two shares of common stock acquired in the offering.
Based upon 7,000,000 investment units sold and subscribed, an aggregate of 3.5
million of each of Class A and Class B Warrants are issuable. In addition, the
Company will issue five-year warrants to purchase 837,994 shares of the
Company's common stock, at an exercise price of $1.6875 per share, to the
placement agent as additional compensation for its services, subject to the
availability of authorized capital not otherwise committed (the initial number
of warrants agreed to be issued is
43
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
332,000). The Company's warrant activity for the year December 31, 2006
includes warrants to be issued comprised of 3.5 million Class A Warrants, 3.5
million Class B Warrants and 332,000 of the warrants due to the placement agent.
Warrant activity for the years ended December 31 is summarized as follows:
2006 2005 2004
---------------------- ------------------- -------------------
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE
EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE
SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE
----------- --------- -------- --------- -------- ---------
Outstanding at beginning of year 506,733 $ 1.767 531,733 $ 1.825 556,733 $ 2.192
Warrants to be issued 7,332,000 $ 2.225 - $ - - $ -
Warrants exercised - $ - - $ - - $ -
Warrants expired or forfeited (51,613) $ 2.000 (25,000) $ 3.000 (25,000) $ 10.000
----------- -------- --------
Outstanding and to be issued
at end of year 7,787,120 $ 2.196 506,733 $ 1.767 531,733 $ 1.825
=========== ======== ========
Warrants exercisable at year-end 7,787,120 $ 2.196 506,733 $ 1.767 531,733 $ 1.825
=========== ======== ========
Aggregate intrinsic value $ 102,325
===========
The following table summarizes information about warrants outstanding as of
December 31, 2006:
WARRANTS OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE
---------------------------------------------------
WEIGHTED
AVERAGE
NUMBER REMAINING WEIGHTED
OUTSTANDING CONTRACTUAL AVERAGE
RANGE OF AND LIFE EXERCISE
EXERCISE PRICES EXERCISABLE (IN YEARS) PRICE
---------------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------
$1.50 - $1.6875 647,295 3.02 $ 1.642
$2.00 - $2.25 3,639,825 0.63 $ 2.003
$2.50 3,500,000 0.99 $ 2.500
---------------
$1.50 - $2.50 7,787,120 1.18 $ 2.196
===============
8. COMMITMENTS
The Company is obligated under a five-year sublease agreement through March
2009 for its principal office (3,925 square feet) at an annual cost of
approximately $125,000, including rent, utilities and parking. The Company is
obligated under a four-year lease through July 2008 for 2,750 square feet of
warehouse space at an annual cost of approximately $21,000, including utilities.
In addition, the Company is obligated under a two and one-half-year lease
through September 2007 for 400 square feet of administrative space in the U.K.
at an annual cost of approximately $33,000, including utilities and
communication services. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004,
rental expense approximated $181,000, $162,000 and $128,000, respectively.
Effective October 28, 1994, Fuel-Tech N.V., the company that spun CDT off
in a rights offering in December 1995, granted two licenses to the Company for
all patents and rights associated with its platinum fuel-based catalyst
technology. Effective November 24, 1997, the licenses were canceled and Fuel
Tech assigned to CDT all such patents and rights on terms substantially similar
to the licenses. In exchange for the assignment commencing in 1998, the Company
is obligated to pay Fuel Tech a royalty of 2.5% of its annual gross revenue
attributable to sales of the platinum fuel catalysts. The royalty obligation
expires in 2008. CDT may terminate the royalty obligation to Fuel Tech by
payment of $2.2 million in 2007 or $1.1 million in 2008. CDT, as assignee and
owner, maintains the technology at its expense. Royalty expense incurred under
this obligation in 2006, 2005 and 2004 amounted to $14,500, $10,300 and $7,450,
respectively. Royalties payable to Fuel Tech at December 31, 2006 and 2005 were
$14,500 and $10,300, respectively.
44
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
9. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company has a Management and Services Agreement with Fuel Tech that
requires the Company to reimburse Fuel Tech for management, services and
administrative expenses incurred on its behalf at a rate equal to an additional
3 to 10% of the costs paid on the Company's behalf, dependent upon the nature of
the costs incurred. Currently, and for the last three years, the Company has
reimbursed Fuel Tech for the expenses associated with one Fuel Tech
officer/director who also serves as an officer/director of CDT. The Company's
financial statements include charges from Fuel Tech of certain management and
administrative costs of approximately $70,000, $71,000 and $69,000 for the years
ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The Company believes the
charges under this Management and Services Agreement are reasonable and fair.
The Management and Services Agreement is for an indefinite term but may be
cancelled by either party by notifying the other in writing of the cancellation
on or before May 15 in any year.
The Company had a deferred salary agreement with its former chief executive
officer under which the former executive deferred $62,500 of his annual salary
until the Company reached $5 million in revenue. This agreement was terminated
in March 2001 and the former executive's salary was returned to full pay. In
October 2004, in conjunction with the Company's private placement, the former
executive exchanged all of his outstanding $135,400 of deferred salary for
73,587 shares of the Company's common stock. Further, on behalf of this former
executive, the Company made annual pension payments or accruals pursuant to a
deferred compensation plan. The former executive agreed to defer payment from
the deferred compensation plan until the Company reached $5 million in revenue
or he retired. In June 2003, the former executive elected to discontinue this
deferred compensation plan. In September 2004, the former chief executive
officer retired. In October 2004 the Company paid the accumulated $305,600
deferred compensation to the former executive.
As outlined in Note 6, we issued 62,194, 27,179 and 26,031 shares of our
common stock in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, to non-executive members of
our board of directors in lieu of approximately $94,000, $70,000 and $56,500 of
directors' fees earned in the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003,
respectively, based upon the average of CDT's quarter-end high and low trading
prices. Such directors' fees had been accrued and charged to expense during the
respective years.
In conjunction with the December 2006 private placement outlined in Note 6,
directors and management invested $106,321 for a total of 78,756 common shares
and 78,756 warrants.
10. LICENSE, MARKETING AND JOINT DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS
MITSUI CO., LTD.
The Company completed an exclusive license agreement with Mitsui Co., Ltd.
in August 2001 for CDT's ARIS nitrogen oxides control system for all stationary
diesel power generators in Japan for the remaining life of the patents, through
2018. Under the agreement, CDT received a nonrefundable up-front license
payment of $495,000, and receives on-going standard royalties on each system
sold by Mitsui. The Company completed an additional exclusive license agreement
with Mitsui in December 2002 for the mobile ARIS technology for Japan for the
remaining life of the patents, through 2018. Under the terms of the agreement,
Mitsui paid CDT a $250,000 license fee in 2002 and Mitsui committed to spend an
additional $200,000 in developing, testing and demonstrating ARIS mobile
prototypes.
In May 2005, CDT and Mitsui mutually agreed to transfer both Mitsui's
exclusive ARIS mobile and stationary licenses to DENOX Inc. of Japan. DENOX is
a former joint venture of Mitsui. No additional license fees or payments were
required and DENOX agreed to the same per unit royalties and terms of the
original license agreements.
COMBUSTION COMPONENT ASSOCIATES, INC.
The Company completed a nonexclusive license agreement with Combustion
Component Associates in April 2003 for the mobile ARIS technology in the U.S.
for the remaining life of the patents, through 2018. Under
45
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
terms of the agreement, Combustion Component Associates agreed to pay CDT a
$150,000 nonrefundable license fee and committed to spend an additional $100,000
in developing, testing and demonstrating ARIS mobile prototypes. Pursuant to
the license agreement, CDT receives royalty payments on a per unit basis with a
minimum royalty requirement of $50,000 per annum after the first two years to
keep the license in effect. CDT recognized the $150,000 license revenue upon
payment of the required fee in the second quarter of 2003, as there were no
significant on-going services required to be performed by CDT.
Combustion Components Associates was granted a limited two-year
nonexclusive ARIS stationary license for the U.S. market in September 2004. The
license fee of $150,000, net of a requirement to spend $100,000 in developing,
testing and demonstrating the technology, was due at the end of a two-year
period. Similar to the other ARIS license agreements for stationary
applications, a per unit royalty, based upon a percentage of sales price, is due
for each ARIS system sold and a minimum royalty requirement after the first two
years is required to keep the license in effect. CDT did not recognize any
license fee revenue from this license in 2004, 2005 or 2006, because the license
fee has not been paid. The Company and Combustion Component Associates have
agreed upon payment terms for this past due license fee to be paid in full
before December 31, 2007.
11. INCOME TAXES
The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes.
Such method requires recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets for the
expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the
financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are
determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases
of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in
which the differences are expected to reverse.
At December 31, 2006, the Company had tax losses available for offset
against future years' taxable income of approximately $37.5 million, expiring
between 2009 and 2026. At December 31, 2006, the Company had research and
development tax credit carryforwards of approximately $1.7 million, expiring
between 2011 and 2026. The Company has provided a full valuation allowance to
reduce the related deferred tax asset to zero because of the uncertainty
relating to realizing such tax benefits in the future. The total valuation
allowance increased by $2.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2006.
Deferred tax assets and valuation allowance at December 31, 2006 and 2005 are as
follows:
(in thousands)
December 31,
2006 2005
----------- ---------
Research and development $ 1,680 $ 1,629
Net operating loss carryforwards 14,991 12,981
Options 122 -
----------- ---------
Deferred tax assets 16,793 14,610
Less: valuation allowance (16,793) (14,610)
----------- ---------
Deferred tax assets, net $ - $ -
----------- ---------
Utilization of CDT's U.S. federal tax loss carryforwards for the period prior to
December 12, 1995 may be limited as a result of the ownership change in excess
of 50% attributable to the 1995 Fuel Tech rights offering. Utilization of CDT's
tax losses subsequent to December 12, 1995 may be limited due to cumulative
ownership changes in any three-year period.
Reconciliations of the differences between income taxes computed at federal
statutory rates (34%) and consolidated provisions (benefits) for income taxes
for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 are as follows:
46
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
2006 2005 2004
--------- --------- ---------
Income taxes (benefits) at statutory rates (34%) (34%) (34%)
Change in valuation allowance 34% 34% 34%
--------- --------- ---------
Income taxes (benefits) -% -% -%
========= ========= =========
12. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
CDT sells its products and licenses its technologies throughout the world.
A geographic distribution of revenue consists of the following:
(in thousands)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
2006 2005 2004
--------- --------- ---------
U.S. $ 684 $ 675 $ 468
Europe 117 48 2
Asia 322 89 252
--------- --------- ---------
Total revenue $ 1,123 $ 812 $ 722
========= ========= =========
The Company has patent coverage in North America, Europe, Asia and South
America. As of December 31, 2006 and 2005, approximately 24% and 76% of our
patents, net of accumulated amortization, are attributable to the U.S. patents
and corresponding foreign patents, respectively.
13. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On January 4, 2007, the board of directors granted 625,000 option shares to
employees, directors and consultants at an exercise price of $1.82 per share.
The directors' options are exercisable immediately. The other options vest as
to one-third, immediately upon grant and as to one-third, upon each of the first
and second anniversaries of grant.
On January 12, 2007, the Company issued 85,714 shares of its common stock
to three non-executive directors of the board of directors as payment (or
partial payment in the case of one director) in lieu of cash for directors' fees
earned in 2006.
14. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
THREE MONTHS ENDED
-----------------------------------------------------------
2006 MARCH 31 JUNE 30 SEPTEMBER 30 DECEMBER 31
------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
Total revenue $ 269 $ 279 $ 339 $ 236
Gross profit * 153 123 133 56
Net loss attributable to common
stockholders (1,584) (1,190) (1,114) (1,496)
Basic and diluted net loss per
common share (0.06) (0.05) (0.04) (0.06)
THREE MONTHS ENDED
-----------------------------------------------------------
2005 MARCH 31 JUNE 30 SEPTEMBER 30 DECEMBER 31
------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
Total revenue $ 192 $ 268 $ 166 $ 186
Gross profit * 82 107 64 88
Net loss attributable to common
stockholders (1,191) (1,286) (1,489) (1,460)
Basic and diluted net loss per
common share (0.07) (0.07) (0.09) (0.07)
* Gross profit is defined as total revenue less cost of revenue.
47
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As of the date of this filing, an evaluation was performed under the
supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including
its CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the
Company's disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the
Company's management, including its CEO and CFO concluded that the Company's
disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2006.
There have been no significant changes in the Company's internal controls or in
other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to
December 31, 2006.
As a result of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and the rules
issued thereunder, as a non-accelerated filer, beginning with our Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, we will be required to
annually include management's report regarding internal control over financial
reporting. Our independent registered public accounting firm will also be
required to annually attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over
financial reporting, but under the rules of the SEC, this attestation is not
required until our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December
31, 2008.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Information required by this item regarding directors and executive
officers of the Company will be set forth under the captions "Election of
Directors," "Directors and Executive Officers of Clean Diesel Technologies,"
"Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance," "Committees of the
Board," "Audit Committee" and "Audit Committee Financial Export" in the
Company's proxy statement related to the 2007 annual meeting of stockholders and
is incorporated by reference. Information regarding our directors is available
on our Internet site under "Investors" as follows:
http://www.cdti.com/corporate.html.
The Company has adopted a code of Ethics and Business Conduct (the "Code")
that applies to all employees, officers and Directors, including the Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. A copy of the code is available
free of charge on written or telephone request to the secretary of the company
at the address or telephone number of the Company set out in the Company's
annual report to stockholders. The Code may also be viewed on our website under
"Investors" as follows: http://www.cdti.com/corporate.html.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information required by this item will be set forth under the caption
"Executive Compensation," "Directors' Compensation," "Report of Compensation and
Nominating Committee on Executive Compensation" and "Compensation and Nominating
Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" in the proxy statement related
to the 2007 annual meeting of stockholders and is incorporated by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND
RELATED STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS
Information required by this item will be set forth under the caption
"Principal Stockholders and Stock Ownership of Management" in the proxy
statement related to the 2007 annual meeting of stockholders and is incorporated
by reference.
48
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Information required by this item will be set forth under the captions
"Compensation and Nominating Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,"
"Certain Relationships and Related Transactions" and "Director Independence" in
the proxy statement related to the 2007 annual meeting of stockholders and is
incorporated by reference.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Information required by this item will be set forth under the caption
"Audit Fees" in the proxy statement related to the 2007 annual meeting of
stockholders and is incorporated by reference herein.
49
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(A) (1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Financial Statements identified below and required by Part II, Item 8
of this Form 10-K are set forth above.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2006 and 2005
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended
December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the years ended
December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005
and 2004
(2) FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Schedules have been omitted because of the absence of the conditions under
which they are required or because the required information where material is
shown in the financial statements or the notes thereto.
(B) EXHIBITS
The following exhibits are, as indicated by reference symbol, filed
herewith or incorporated by reference. Portions of Exhibits 10(o) and 10(p)
have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment.
#3(i) (a) Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated as of March 21,
2007. 3(i)(b) Certificate of Elimination of Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock dated June 18, 2004 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit to Registration Statement on Form S-8 [No. 333-117057] dated
July 1, 2004).
#3(ii) By-Laws as amended through December 20, 2005.
4 Specimen Stock Certificate, Common Stock (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 33-95840) dated as
of August 16, 1995).
10(a) Assignment of Intellectual Property Rights Fuel-Tech N.V. to
Platinum Plus, Inc. as of November 5, 1997 (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997).
10(b) Assignment of Intellectual Property Rights by Fuel Tech, Inc. to
Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. as of November 5, 1997 (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1997).
10(c) Assignment Agreement as of November 5, 1997 among Platinum Plus,
Inc., Fuel-Tech N.V. and Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1997).
#10(d) 1994 Incentive Plan as amended through August 8, 1996.
#10(g) Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement.
#10(h) Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement.
50
10(i) Form of Non-Executive Director Stock Option Agreement
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit to Registration Statement on
Form S-8 [No. 333-117057] dated July 1, 2004).
10(j) Management Services Agreement between Clean Diesel Technologies,
Inc., Fuel Tech, Inc. and Fuel-Tech N.V. as of June 1, 1996
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit to Form 10-Q for the quarter
ended September 30, 1996).
10(k) Office Lease dated as of January 29, 2004 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit to Form 10-Q for quarter ended June 30, 2004).
10(l) Registration Rights Agreement between Clean Diesel Technologies,
Inc. and Fuel-Tech N.V. of November 5, 1997 (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997).
10(m) Registration Rights Agreement between Clean Diesel Technologies,
Inc. and Fuel-Tech N.V. of March 24, 1997 (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit to Registration Statement on Form S-1 dated as of August 7,
1998).
10(n) Registration Rights Agreement between Clean Diesel Technologies,
Inc. and the holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock as of
November 11, 1998 (incorporated as reference to Exhibit to Form 10-Q
for the period ended September 30, 1998).
10(o) License Agreement of July 13, 2001 between Clean Diesel
Technologies, Inc. and Mitsui Co., Ltd as amended by Amendment No. 1
of December 18, 2002 (incorporated as reference to Exhibit to Form
10-Q for quarter ended June 30, 2004).
10(p) License Agreement of March 31, 2003 between Clean Diesel
Technologies, Inc. and Combustion Components Associates, Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit to Exhibit to Form 10-Q for
quarter ended June 30, 2004).
10(u) Agreement by and between R. Glen Reid and Clean Diesel
Technologies, Inc. dated as of April 1, 2002 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit to Form 10-Q for quarter ended June 30, 2004).
10(s) Agreement by and between Bernhard Steiner and Clean Diesel
Technologies, Inc., dated as of September 13, 2004 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit to Form 8-K dated as of July 30, 2004).
10(v) Amendment No. 1 dated 1 March 2006 to agreement dated September
13, 2004 between Bernhard Steiner and Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(v) to Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2005).
10(w) Separation Agreement of January 19, 2006 between James M.
Valentine and Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit to Form 8-K dated as of January 19, 2006).
#10(x) Employment Agreement dated September 23, 2003 between Tim
Rogers and the Company.
10(y) Employment Agreement dated June 14, 2005 between Walter Copan
and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit to Form 8-K
dated as of August 3, 2005).
#10(z) Employment Agreement dated November 29, 2006 between Ann B.
Ruple and the Company.
10(aa) Form of Commitment Letter by and between the Company and
Non-U.S. Purchasers of Units consisting of shares of common stock and
warrants (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K dated
as of December 29, 2006).
10(ab) Form of Commitment Letter by and between the Company and U.S.
Purchasers of Units consisting of shares of common stock and warrants
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K dated as of
December 29, 2006).
51
14 Code of Ethics and Business Conduct (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit to Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004).
#21 Subsidiaries.
#23(a) Consent of Eisner LLP.
#31(a) CEO Certification statement.
#31(b) CFO Certification statement.
#32 Certification by CEO and CFO.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# Filed herewith.
52
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. has duly caused this
report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
March 30, 2007 By: /s/ Bernhard Steiner
-------------- -------------------------------------
Date Bernhard Steiner
Chief Executive Officer,
President and Director
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
following persons on behalf of Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. and in the
capacities and on the date indicated have duly signed this report below.
/s/ Bernhard Steiner Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
------------------------- (principal executive officer)
Bernhard Steiner
/s/ Ann B. Ruple Chief Financial Officer, Vice President and Treasurer
------------------------- (principal financial and accounting officer)
Ann B. Ruple
/s/ John A. de Havilland Director
-------------------------
John A. de Havilland
/s/ Derek R. Gray Director, Non-Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors
-------------------------
Derek R. Gray
/s/ Charles W. Grinnell Director, Vice President and Corporate Secretary
-------------------------
Charles W. Grinnell
/s/ John J. McCloy Director
-------------------------
John J. McCloy
/s/ David F. Merrion Director
-------------------------
David F. Merrion
Dated: March 30, 2007
53