form10q.htm


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.  20549
_______________

FORM 10-Q
_______________

(Mark One)
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2008

or

o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission file number: 001-33710



CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware
06-1393453
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
   
   
300 Atlantic Street - Suite 702, Stamford, CT
06901-3522
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)

(203) 327-7050
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer o
 
Accelerated Filer x  
Non-Accelerated Filer o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company.)
Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o  No x

As of August 8, 2008, there were 8,139,302 outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share.
 


 
 

 

CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the Quarter Ended June 30, 2008

INDEX


     
Page
PART I.
 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
       
Item 1.
 
3
       
   
3
       
   
4
       
   
5
       
   
6
       
Item 2.
 
16
       
Item 3.
 
22
       
Item 4.
 
22
       
PART II.
 
OTHER INFORMATION
 
       
Item 4.
 
23
       
Item 6.
 
23
       
   
24
 
- 2 -


PART I.   
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
Financial Statements

CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share data)

   
June 30,
   
December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
   
(Unaudited)
       
Assets
           
Current assets:
           
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 4,485     $ 1,517  
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $290 and $49, respectively
    3,330       1,927  
Investments
 
      7,100  
Inventories, net
    1,038       1,093  
Other current assets
    242       234  
Total current assets
    9,095       11,871  
Investments
    10,975       11,725  
Patents, net
    950       817  
Fixed assets, net of accumulated depreciation of $461 and $421, respectively
    186       175  
Other assets
    71       75  
Total assets
  $ 21,277     $ 24,663  
                 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
               
Current liabilities:
               
Accounts payable
  $ 1,006     $ 757  
Accrued expenses
    867       850  
Customer deposits
    71       56  
Total current liabilities
    1,944       1,663  
                 
Commitments
               
                 
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share:
               
authorized 100,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding
 
   
 
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share:
               
authorized 12,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 8,139,302 and 8,124,056 shares, respectively
    81       81  
Additional paid-in capital
    73,242       72,447  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (745 )     (16 )
Accumulated deficit
    (53,245 )     (49,512 )
Total stockholders’ equity
    19,333       23,000  
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 21,277     $ 24,663  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

- 3 -


CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except per share amounts) (Unaudited)

   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
   
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2008
   
2007
 
Revenue:
                       
Product sales
  $ 2,490     $ 139     $ 5,017     $ 344  
Technology licensing fees and royalties
    129       1,104       203       1,115  
Consulting and other
 
   
   
   
 
Total revenue
    2,619       1,243       5,220       1,459  
                                 
Costs and expenses:
                               
Cost of revenue ─ product sales
    1,993       105       4,058       221  
Cost of revenue ─ licensing fees and royalties
 
   
   
   
 
Cost of revenue ─ consulting and other
 
   
   
   
 
Selling, general and administrative
    2,722       1,495       5,044       3,298  
Research and development
    89       150       154       192  
Patent amortization and other expense
    42       79       78       176  
Operating costs and expenses
    4,846       1,829       9,334       3,887  
                                 
Loss from operations
    (2,227 )     ( 586 )     (4,114 )     (2,428 )
                                 
Other income (expense):
                               
Interest income
    113       67       356       94  
Other income (expense), net
    (29 )  
      25    
 
                                 
Net loss
  $ (2,143 )   $ ( 519 )   $ (3,733 )   $ (2,334 )
Basic and diluted loss per common share
  $ (0.26 )   $ (0.08 )   $ (0.46 )   $ (0.37 )
Basic and diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding
    8,138       6,550       8,137       6,333  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

- 4 -


CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands) (Unaudited)

   
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
Operating activities
           
Net loss
  $ (3,733 )   $ (2,334 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
               
Depreciation and amortization
    68       68  
Provision for doubtful accounts, net
    241       30  
Compensation expense for stock options and warrants
    771       642  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
               
Accounts receivable
    (1,644 )     (961 )
Inventories
    55       (244 )
Other current assets and other assets
    (4 )     (7 )
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
    281       (298 )
Net cash used for operating activities
    (3,965 )     (3,104 )
                 
Investing activities
               
Sales of investments
    7,100    
 
Patent costs
    (161 )     (68 )
Purchases of fixed assets
    (51 )     (18 )
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities
    6,888       (86 )
                 
Financing activities
               
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net
 
      4,313  
Proceeds from issuance of warrants, net
 
      4,346  
Stockholder-related charges
 
      (45 )
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
    24       40  
Net cash provided by financing activities
    24       8,654  
                 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
    21    
 
                 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
  $ 2,968     $ 5,464  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period
    1,517       5,314  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period
  $ 4,485     $ 10,778  
                 
Supplemental non-cash activities:
               
Payment of accrued directors’ fees in common stock
 
    $  140  
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities
  $ 750    
$
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

- 5 -


CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

Note 1.  Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation:

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “CDT,” “Clean Diesel,” “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” mean Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Clean Diesel International, LLC.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information.  Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted or condensed.  These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with Clean Diesel’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.

The unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the interim periods presented.  All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature.  The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results which may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year.

Reverse Split of Common Stock:

On June 15, 2007, the Company effected a five-for-one reverse split of its common stock.  All historical share numbers and per share amounts in these financial statements have been adjusted to give effect to this reverse split.

Revenue Recognition:

The Company generates revenue from product sales comprised of fuel-borne catalysts, including the Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst products and concentrate, and hardware including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) verified Purifier System, ARIS advanced reagent injection system injectors and dosing systems; license and royalty fees from the ARIS system and other technologies; and consulting fees and other.

Revenue is recognized when earned.  Revenue from product sales is recognized when title has passed and our products are shipped to our customer, unless the purchase order or contract specifically requires us to provide installation for hardware purchases.  For hardware projects in which we are responsible for installation (either directly or indirectly by third-party contractors), revenue is recognized when the hardware is installed and/or accepted, if the project requires inspection and/or acceptance.  For technology licensing fees paid by licensees that are fixed and determinable, accepted by the customer and nonrefundable, revenue is recognized upon execution of the license agreement, unless it is subject to completion of any performance criteria specified within the agreement, in which case it is deferred until such performance criteria are met.  Royalties are frequently required pursuant to license agreements or may be the subject of separately executed royalty agreements.  Revenue from royalties is recognized ratably over the royalty period based upon periodic reports submitted by the royalty obligor or based on minimum royalty requirements.  Other revenue primarily consists of engineering and development consulting services.  Revenue from technical consulting services is generally recognized and billed as the services are performed.

Generally, our license agreements are non-exclusive and specify the geographic territories and classes of diesel engines covered, such as on-road vehicles, off-road vehicles, construction, stationary engines, marine and railroad engines.  At the time of the execution of our license agreement, we convey the right to the licensee to use our patented technologies.  The up-front fees are not subject to refund or adjustment.  We recognize the license fee as revenue at the inception of the license agreement when we have reasonable assurance that the technologies transferred have been accepted by the licensee and collectability of the license fee is reasonably assured.  The nonrefundable up-front fee is in exchange for the culmination of the earnings process as the Company has accomplished what it must do to be entitled to the benefits represented by the revenue.  Under our license agreements, there is no significant obligation for future performance required of the Company.  Each licensee must determine if the rights to our patented technologies are usable for their business purposes and must determine the means of use without further involvement by the Company.  In most cases, licensees must make additional investments to enable the capabilities of our patents, including significant engineering, sourcing of and assembly of multiple components.  Our obligation to defend valid patents does not represent an additional deliverable to which a portion of an arrangement fee should be allocated.  Defending the patents is generally consistent with our representation in the license agreement that such patents are legal and valid.

- 6 -


Cost of Revenue:

Our cost of revenue – product sales includes the costs we incur to formulate our finished products into saleable form for our customers, including material costs, labor and processing costs charged to us by our outsourced blenders, installers and other vendors, packaging costs incurred by our outsourced suppliers, freight costs to customers and inbound freight charges from our suppliers.  Our inventory is primarily maintained off-site by our outsourced suppliers.  To date, our purchasing, receiving, inspection and internal transfer costs have been insignificant and have been included in cost of revenue – product sales.  In addition, the costs of our warehouse of approximately $21,000 per year are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.  Cost of revenue – licensing fees and royalties is zero as there are no incremental costs associated with the revenue.  Cost of revenue – consulting and other includes incremental out of pocket costs to provide consulting services.

Patent Expense:

Patents, which include all direct incremental costs associated with initial patent filings and costs to acquire rights to patents under licenses, are stated at cost and amortized using the straight-line method over the remaining useful lives, ranging from one to twenty years.  During the six months ended June 30, 2008, we capitalized $161,000 of patent costs.  Indirect and other patent-related costs are expensed as incurred.  Patent amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 was $14,000 and $28,000, respectively, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 was $17,000 and $33,000, respectively.  At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company’s patents, net of accumulated amortization, were $950,000 and $817,000, respectively.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense:

Selling, general and administrative expense is summarized as the following:

(in thousands)
 
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2008
   
2007
 
Non-cash stock-based compensation
  $ 238     $ 91     $ 538     $ 642  
Compensation and benefits
    1,193       653       2,080       1,254  
Total compensation and benefits
    1,431       744       2,618       1,896  
Professional
    385       365       1,032 *     588  
Travel
    251       158       365       296  
Occupancy
    265       123       510       235  
Sales and marketing expenses
    144       72       229       160  
Bad debt provision
    223       30       241       30  
Depreciation and all other
    23       3       49       93  
Total selling, general and administrative expenses
  $ 2,722     $ 1,495     $ 5,044     $ 3,298  

*  Includes $227,000 of non-cash stock-based compensation charges for fair value of warrants.

We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 123 (Revised 2004), “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” (“SFAS No. 123R”).  Aggregate non-cash stock-based compensation charges incurred by the Company in the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 were $241,000 and $771,000, respectively, (including $3,000 and $6,000, respectively, in research and development expenses) and in the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 were $91,000 and $642,000, respectively (see Note 4).

- 7 -


Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share:

Basic and diluted loss per share is calculated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share.”  Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the reporting period.  Diluted loss per share is computed in a manner similar to basic earnings per share except that the weighted-average number of shares outstanding are increased to include additional shares from the assumed exercise of stock options and warrants, if dilutive, using the treasury stock method.  The Company’s computation of diluted net loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 does not include common share equivalents associated with 802,178 and 717,419 options, respectively, and 424,992 and 1,184,405 warrants, respectively, as the result would be anti-dilutive.

Income Taxes:

We adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48 (“FIN 48”) effective January 1, 2007.  There were no unrecognized tax benefits at the date of adoption of FIN 48, and there were no unrecognized tax benefits at June 30, 2008. It is the Company’s policy to classify in the financial statements accrued interest and penalties attributable to a tax position as income taxes.

Utilization of CDT's U.S. federal tax loss carryforwards for the period prior to December 12, 1995 is limited as a result of the ownership change in excess of 50% attributable to the 1995 Fuel-Tech N.V. rights offering to a maximum annual allowance of $734,500.  Utilization of CDT's U.S. federal tax loss carryforwards for the period after December 12, 1995 and before December 30, 2006 is limited as a result of the ownership change in excess of 50% attributable to the private placement which was effective December 29, 2006 to a maximum annual allowance of $2,518,985.  Utilization of CDT's tax losses subsequent to 2006 may be limited due to cumulative ownership changes in any future three-year period.  It is not anticipated that CDT's U.S. taxable income for the full calendar year 2008 will be in excess of the limited allowable loss carryforwards.

We file our tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which we operate.  Our tax years ranging from 2004 through 2007 remain open to examination by various taxing jurisdictions as the statute of limitations has not expired.

Investments:

Investments represent auction rate securities which are variable-rate debt securities, the majority of which are AAA/Aaa rated, that are collateralized by student loans substantially guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Education.  These investments are classified as "available for sale" under SFAS No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities."  Liquidity for these auction-rate securities is typically provided by an auction process that resets the applicable interest rate at pre-determined intervals.  While the underlying securities have a long-term nominal maturity, the interest rate is reset through dutch auctions that are held at pre-determined intervals, typically every 28 days.  The securities can be resold in the auction at par and are callable at par any time at the option of the issuer.  Interest is paid at the end of each auction period.  The investments are reported at fair value (see further discussion below under caption “Newly Adopted Accounting Standards”).  Classification of marketable securities as current or non-current is dependent upon management’s intended holding period, the security’s maturity date and liquidity considerations based on market conditions.  If management intends to hold the securities for longer than one year as of the balance sheet date, or, if the state of the auction market effectively prevents their liquidation on resale, they are classified as non-current.  All income generated from these investments was recorded as interest income.  The contractual maturities of the auction rate securities held by us range from 2027 to 2047.  Accrued interest receivable at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 was approximately $9,000 and $49,000, respectively.

During the first two months of 2008, the Company sold $7.1 million in auction rate securities.  However, starting on February 15, 2008 and continuing through the second quarter of 2008, the Company experienced difficulty in selling additional securities because of the failure of the auction mechanism as a result of sell orders exceeding buy orders.  These failed auctions represent liquidity risk exposure and are not defaults or credit events.  Holders of the securities continue to receive interest on the investment, currently at a pre-determined rate, and the securities will be auctioned at the pre-determined intervals until the auction succeeds, the issuer calls the securities, or they mature.  Accordingly, because there may be no effective mechanism for selling these securities, the securities may be viewed as non-current assets.  The investments associated with failed auctions will not be accessible until a successful auction occurs or a buyer is found outside of the auction process.  We classified the fair value of approximately $11.0 million (par value of $11.7 million) and $11.7 million of these auction rate securities as non-current investments as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.  At June 30, 2008, the estimated fair market value of the investments held by the Company declined by $750,000 from par value based upon management’s internal assessment and information provided by the investment bank through which the Company holds such securities.  Although these securities have continued to pay interest according to their stated terms and most of these securities continue to be AAA/Aaa rated, for six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company recorded an unrealized temporary loss of $750,000 which is reflected in our consolidated balance sheet in accumulated other comprehensive loss, resulting in a reduction in stockholders’ equity.  Factors we considered in determining whether this loss was temporary included the length of time and extent to which fair value has been less than the cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuers, and our intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.  At this time, because the Company has the ability and intent to hold these securities until recovery of their value, the Company does not believe such securities are other-than-temporarily impaired or that the failure of the auction mechanism will have a material impact on the Company’s liquidity or financial position.

- 8 -


On May 8, 2008, we entered into a $3 million demand loan facility with a lender collateralized by our auction rate securities.  The loan facility may be used for our working capital purposes.  We must continue to meet certain collateral maintenance requirements, such that our outstanding borrowings may not exceed 50% of the value of our auction rate securities as established by the lender.  No facility fee is required and borrowings will be at a floating interest rate per annum equal to the sum of the prevailing daily 30-day Libor plus 25 basis points.  On July 25, 2008, we borrowed $3 million under this facility (see Note 10).

Newly Adopted Accounting Standards:

Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.  SFAS 157 accomplishes the following key objectives:
 
 
·
Defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date;
 
·
Establishes a three-level hierarchy (“valuation hierarchy”) for fair value measurements;
 
·
Requires consideration of the Company’s creditworthiness when valuing liabilities; and
 
·
Expands disclosures about instruments measured at fair value.

The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date.  A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.  The three levels of the valuation hierarchy and the distribution of the Company’s financial assets within it are as follows:

 
·
Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
 
·
Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
 
·
Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s assets carried at fair value on a recurring basis are its investments in auction rate securities as described above under the caption “Investments.”  The securities have been classified within level 3 as their valuation requires substantial judgment and estimation of factors that are not currently observable in the market due to the lack of trading in the securities.  The valuation may be revised in future periods as market conditions evolve.

- 9 -


Certain financial instruments are carried at cost on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, which approximates fair value due to their short-term, highly liquid nature.  These instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, accounts payable, customer deposits and accrued expenses.

The table below includes a roll forward of the Company’s investments in auction rate securities from January 1, 2008 to June 30, 2008, and a reclassification of these investments from level 2 to level 3 in the valuation hierarchy.  When a determination is made to classify a financial instrument within level 3, the determination is based upon the significance of the unobservable parameters to the overall fair value measurement.  However, the fair value determination for level 3 financial instruments may include observable components.

The estimated fair value at June 30, 2008 is based upon management’s internal assessment and information provided by the investment bank through which the Company holds such securities.

(in thousands)
     
   
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
   
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
Fair value January 1, 2008
  $ 18,825     $  
Purchases
           
Sales
    (7,100 )      
Transfers (out) in
    (11,725 )     11,725  
Unrealized loss included as reduction in stockholders’ equity and not in operations
          (750 )
Fair value June 30, 2008
  $     $ 10,975  

In February 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position 157-2 (“FSP 157-2”).  FSP 157-2 permits delayed adoption of SFAS 157 for certain non-financial assets and liabilities, which are not recognized at fair value on a recurring basis, until fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008.  As permitted by FSP 157-2, the Company has elected to delay the adoption of SFAS 157 for qualifying non-financial assets and liabilities, such as fixed assets and patents.  The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact, if any, that the application of SFAS 157 to its non-financial assets will have on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial position.

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities - Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115.”  SFAS No. 159 permits an entity to elect fair value as the initial and subsequent measurement attribute for many financial assets and liabilities.  Entities electing the fair value option would be required to recognize changes in fair value in earnings.  Entities electing the fair value option are required to distinguish, on the face of the statement of financial position, the fair value of assets and liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected and similar assets and liabilities measured using another measurement attribute.  SFAS No. 159 became effective beginning January 1, 2008.  The Company elected not to measure any eligible items using the fair value option in accordance with SFAS No. 159 and therefore, SFAS No. 159 did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements:

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS No. 141R”).  SFAS No. 141R provides revised guidance on how acquirers recognize and measure the consideration transferred, identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, noncontrolling interests, and goodwill acquired in a business combination.  SFAS No. 141R also expands required disclosures surrounding the nature and financial effects of business combinations.  SFAS No. 141R is effective, on a prospective basis, for us in the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2009.  The Company is currently assessing the impact of SFAS No. 141R on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements.”  SFAS No. 160 establishes requirements for ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the Company (sometimes called “minority interests”) be clearly identified, presented, and disclosed in the consolidated statement of financial position within equity, but separate from the parent’s equity.  All changes in the parent’s ownership interests are required to be accounted for consistently as equity transactions and any noncontrolling equity investments in deconsolidated subsidiaries must be measured initially at fair value.  SFAS No. 160 is effective, on a prospective basis, for us in the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2009.  However, presentation and disclosure requirements must be retrospectively applied to comparative financial statements.  The Company is currently assessing the impact of SFAS No. 160 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

- 10 -


Note 2.  Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market with cost determined using the average cost method.  Inventories consist of the following:

(in thousands)
     
   
June 30,
   
December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
Finished goods (Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst)
  $ 163     $ 165  
Raw materials (primarily, Platinum concentrate)
    527       656  
Hardware
    369       260  
Other
    1       34  
    $ 1,060     $ 1,115  
Less: inventory reserves
    (22 )     (22 )
Inventories, net
  $ 1,038     $ 1,093  

Note 3.  Stockholders’ Equity

In the first six months of 2008, we issued 15,246 shares of our common stock upon the exercise of 27,166 stock options.  In connection therewith, we received approximately $24,000 in cash and the surrender of 11,920 stock options.

There was no activity in the Company's 424,992 outstanding warrants during the six months ended June 30, 2008.

At the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders held on June 7, 2007, the stockholders approved a five-for-one reverse split of the Company’s common stock, a reduction of the par value of the Company’s preferred and common stock from $0.05 per share to $0.01 per share and an increase in the number of shares of common stock the Company is authorized to issue from 9 million to 12 million.  Such actions became effective at the close of business on June 15, 2007 when the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of Delaware.  The historical share numbers and per share amounts in these financial statements have been adjusted to give effect to the reverse split.  In conjunction with the reverse split, we incurred costs aggregating approximately $21,000, primarily from our transfer agents and outside legal counsel which were charged to additional paid-in capital in the six months ended June 30, 2007.  We also charged an aggregate of $24,000 to additional paid-in capital for costs incurred to date in connection with our filing of a Registration Statement on Form S-1 with the SEC on June 29, 2007 and our submission of an application for listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market on June 29, 2007.

In the first six months of 2007, the Company issued 667,993 shares of its common stock in consideration of approximately $4.5 million ($4.3 million, net of expenses) cash received from investors to settle stock subscriptions entered into pursuant to CDT’s December 2006 private placement.  In the December 2006 placement, the Company secured commitments for the purchase of 1,400,000 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01, and warrants for the purchase of an additional 1,400,000 shares of common stock for aggregate gross cash proceeds of $9.5 million (net proceeds of approximately $9.0 million).  The securities were sold in investment units consisting of one share of common stock, one Class A Warrant and one Class B Warrant, each warrant entitling the holder to purchase one additional share of common stock for every two shares of common stock acquired in the offering at a purchase price of $6.75 per unit.

In the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company received approximately $4.3 million, net of expenses, upon the exercise of Class A Warrants to acquire 447,134 shares of our common stock (subsequent to June 30, 2007, we received $2.5 million, net, for further warrant exercises).  The Class A Warrants entitled the holder until July 2, 2007 to purchase, at a price of $10.00 per share, one share of common stock for every two shares of common stock acquired in the December 2006 private placement.

- 11 -


On January 12, 2007, we issued 17,142 shares of our common stock to three non-executive members of our board of directors as payment (or partial payment in the case of one director) of $115,000 in lieu of cash for directors’ fees earned in 2006.  On June 19, 2007, the Company issued 2,457 shares of common stock, valued at $25,000, to two non-executive members of the Board of Directors in lieu of fees for services rendered during the first quarter of 2007.  The number of shares of our common stock issued to the directors was determined based upon the average of the high and low share prices during each quarter.  The grant date for such shares of common stock for purposes of measuring compensation is the last day of the quarter in which the shares are earned, which is the date that the director begins to benefit from, or be adversely affected by, subsequent changes in the price of the stock.  Directors’ compensation charged to operations did not materially differ from such measurement.

In the first six months of 2007, CDT issued 16,007 shares of its common stock upon exercise of stock options for aggregate proceeds to the Company of approximately $40,000.

Note 4.  Stock-Based Compensation

Share-based compensation cost recognized under SFAS 123(R) was approximately $241,000 and $91,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $771,000 and $642,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.  Of such 2008 six-month total, $765,000 is classified in selling, general and administrative expenses ($538,000 as employee compensation and $227,000 as investor relations compensation for advisory services) and $6,000 is included in research and development expenses.  Compensation costs for stock options which vest over time are recognized over the vesting period.  As of June 30, 2008, there was approximately $1.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options granted under the Plan.  The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.8 years.

The Company maintains a stock award plan approved by its stockholders, the 1994 Incentive Plan (the “Plan”).  Under the Plan, awards may be granted to participants in the form of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, performance awards, bonuses or other forms of share-based awards or cash, or combinations of these as determined by the board of directors.  Awards are granted at fair market value on the date of grant and typically expire ten years after date of grant.  Participants in the Plan may include the Company’s directors, officers, employees, consultants and advisors (except consultants or advisors in capital-raising transactions) as the board of directors may determine.  The maximum number of awards allowed under the Plan is 17.5% of the Company’s outstanding common stock less the then outstanding awards, subject to sufficient authorized shares.

- 12 -


The following table summarizes information concerning options outstanding including the related transactions under the Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2008:

   
Number of Shares
   
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
   
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years
   
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
 
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2007
    812,844     $ 11.716              
Granted
    18,000     $ 16.114              
Exercised
    (27,166 )   $ 10.37              
Forfeited
   
   
             
Expired
    (1,500 )   $ 10.00              
Options outstanding as of June 30, 2008
    802,178     $ 11.863     6.5     $ 1,624,969  
Options exercisable as of June 30, 2008
    659,844     $ 11.104    
5.9
 
  $ 1,477,820  
Options outstanding as of June 30, 2008 and expected to vest
    756,053     $ 11.863    
6.5
    $ 1,531,533  
 
The aggregate intrinsic value (market value of stock less option exercise price) in the preceding table represents the total pretax intrinsic value, based on the Company’s closing stock price on June 30, 2008, which would have been received by the option holders had all holders of options in the money exercised their options as of that date.
 
Proceeds received from the exercise of stock options were approximately $24,000 and $40,000, respectively, in the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, and were included in financing activities on the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows.  In addition for the six months ended June 30, 2008, 11,890 shares were surrendered upon the exercise of options to fund the purchase.  The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 was $16,738 and $79,795, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 was $288,414 and $110,348, respectively.

During the six months ended June 30, 2008, the board of directors granted 18,000 option shares to employees at a weighted average exercise price of $16.11 per share.  During the six months ended June 30, 2007, the board of directors granted 125,000 option shares to employees, directors and consultants at an exercise price of $9.10 per share.  The non-executive directors’ options are exercisable immediately.  All other options vest as to one-third, immediately upon grant and as to one-third, upon each of the first and second anniversaries of grant.  The weighted-average fair value at the date of grant for options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2008 was $12.44 per share and was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:

Expected term in years
8.64
Risk-free interest rate
3.64%
Expected volatility
92.6%
Dividend yield
0%

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes option pricing model.  Key input assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options include the expected term, expected volatility of the Company’s stock, the risk free interest rate, option forfeiture rates, and dividends, if any.  The expected term of the options is based upon the historical term until exercise or expiration of all granted options.  The expected volatility is derived from the historical volatility of the Company’s stock on the U.S. NASDAQ Capital Market (the Over-the-Counter market prior to October 3, 2007) for a period that matches the expected term of the option.  The risk-free interest rate is the constant maturity rate published by the U.S. Federal Reserve Board that corresponds to the expected term of the option.  SFAS No. 123R requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant in order to estimate the amount of share-based awards that will ultimately vest.  The estimate is based on the Company’s historical rates of forfeitures.  SFAS No. 123R also requires estimated forfeitures to be revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.  The dividend yield is assumed as 0% because the Company has not paid dividends and does not expect to pay dividends in the future.

- 13 -


Note 5.  Commitments

The Company is obligated under a five-year sublease agreement through March 2009 for its principal office (3,925 square feet) at an annual cost of approximately $128,000, including rent, utilities and parking.  The Company is obligated under a four-year lease which expired in July 2008 for 2,750 square feet of warehouse space at an annual cost of approximately $21,000, including utilities.  We have renewed our lease for the warehouse space at the same annual cost until July 2009.  In addition, the Company is obligated under a 64-month lease through March 2013 for 1,942 square feet of administrative space in the U.K. at an annual cost of approximately $65,000, including utilities and parking.

Effective October 28, 1994, Fuel Tech, Inc., successor to Fuel-Tech N.V. (“Fuel Tech”), the company that spun CDT off in a rights offering in December 1995, granted two licenses to the Company for all patents and rights associated with its platinum fuel-based catalyst technology.  Effective November 24, 1997, the licenses were canceled and Fuel Tech assigned to CDT all such patents and rights on terms substantially similar to the licenses.  In exchange for the assignment commencing in 1998, the Company is obligated to pay Fuel Tech a royalty of 2.5% of its annual gross revenue attributable to sales of the platinum fuel-borne catalysts.  The royalty obligation expires in December 2008.  CDT may terminate the royalty obligation to Fuel Tech by payment of $1.1 million.  CDT, as assignee and owner, maintains the technology at its expense.  Royalty expense incurred under this obligation for each of the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 was approximately $3,800 and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 was approximately $8,400 and $6,500, respectively.  Royalties payable to Fuel Tech at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were $8,400 and $14,300, respectively.

Note 6.  Related Party Transactions

The Company has a Management and Services Agreement with Fuel Tech that requires the Company to reimburse Fuel Tech for management, services and administrative expenses incurred on the Company’s behalf at a rate equal to an additional 3% to 10% of the costs paid on the Company’s behalf, dependent upon the nature of the costs incurred.  Currently, the Company reimburses Fuel Tech for the expenses associated with one Fuel Tech officer/director who also serves as an officer/director of CDT.  The Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations include charges from Fuel Tech of certain management and administrative costs of approximately $18,000 in each of the three-month periods ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 and $35,000 in each of the six-month periods ended June 30, 2008 and 2007.  The Company believes the charges under this Management and Services Agreement are reasonable and fair.  The Management and Services Agreement is for an indefinite term but may be cancelled by either party by notifying the other in writing of the cancellation on or before May 15 in any year.

Note 7.  Significant Customers

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, revenue derived from certain customers comprised 10% or more of our consolidated revenue (“significant customers”) as set forth in the table below:

   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
   
2008
 
2007
 
2008
 
2007
                 
Customer A
 
18.4%
 
*
 
15.4%
 
*
Customer B
 
*
 
80.4%
 
*
 
68.5%

*
Represents less than 10% revenue for that customer in the applicable period.  There were no other customers that represented 10% or more of revenue for the periods indicated.

- 14 -


At June 30, 2008, Clean Diesel had two customers (Customer A in the table above and the other such customer is not included in the table above) that represented approximately 24.1% of its gross accounts receivable balance.

Note 8.  Comprehensive Loss

Components of comprehensive loss follow:

(in thousands)
                 
   
Three Months Ended
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2008
   
2007
 
Net loss
  $ (2,143 )   $ (519 )   $ (3,733 )   $ (2,334 )
Other comprehensive income (loss):
                               
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    33       1       21       1  
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities
    (164 )             (750 )        
Comprehensive loss
  $ (2,274 )   $ (518 )   $ (4,462 )   $ (2,333 )

Note 9.  Geographic Information

CDT sells its products and licenses its technologies throughout the world.  A geographic distribution of revenue consists of the following:


(in thousands)
                 
   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
   
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
   
2008
   
2007
   
2008
   
2007
 
Revenue:
                       
U.S.
  $ 267     $ 710     $ 402     $ 869  
U.K./Europe
    2,304       533       4,750       569  
Asia
    48    
      68       21  
Total
  $ 2,619     $ 1,243     $ 5,220     $ 1,459  

The Company has patent coverage in North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia.  As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company’s assets comprise the following:

(in thousands)
           
   
June 30,
   
December 31,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
U.S.
  $ 16,768     $ 22,680  
Foreign
    4,509       1,983  
Total assets
  $ 21,277     $ 24,663  

Note 10.  Subsequent Events

On July 25, 2008, we borrowed $3 million from the demand loan facility with a lender collateralized by our auction rate securities, a facility we had arranged on May 8, 2008.  Management determined to draw down the entire facility as a matter of financial prudence to secure available cash.  The loan facility may be used for our working capital purposes.  We must continue to meet certain collateral maintenance requirements, such that our outstanding borrowings may not exceed 50% of the value of our auction rate securities as determined by the lender.  No facility fee is required and borrowings will be at a floating interest rate per annum equal to the sum of the prevailing daily 30-day Libor plus 25 basis points.
 
On August 8, 2008, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s Division of Enforcement announced that it had entered into a preliminary agreement in principle with UBS Securities LLC and UBS Financial Services, Inc. ( collectively "UBS"), whereby UBS will use its best efforts to liquidate at par value by the end of 2009 but not later than June 30, 2010.  Our investment holdings of $11.7 million par value of auction rate securities were purchased and held through UBS.  The Company believes that this agreement in principle will apply to these investments, but has not yet determined the effect.
 
- 15 -


Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historical facts, so-called “forward-looking statements,” are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  Investors are cautioned that all forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including those detailed in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.  See Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.

Results of Operations

Three Months ended June 30, 2008 Compared to Three Months ended June 30, 2007

Total revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2008 was $2,619,000 compared to $1,243,000 in the three months ended June 30, 2007, an increase of $1,376,000, or 110.7%, primarily attributable to sales of our Purifier Systems as an emission reduction solution that meets the standards established for the London Low Emission Zone.  Of our operating revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2008, approximately 95.1% was from product sales and 4.9% was from technology licensing fees and royalties.  Of our operating revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2007, approximately 11.2% was from product sales and 88.8% was from technology licensing fees and royalties.  The mix of our revenue sources during any reporting period may have a material impact on our operating results.  In particular, our execution of technology licensing agreements, and the timing of the revenue recognized from these agreements, has not been predictable.

Product sales were $2,490,000 in the second quarter of 2008 compared to $139,000 in the same 2007 quarter, an increase of $2,351,000.  The increase in product sales is attributable primarily to higher demand for our Platinum Plus Purifier Systems, a product comprised of a diesel particulate filter along with our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst to enable regeneration.  We received approval in October 2007 from Transport for London to supply our Purifier Systems as an emission reduction solution that meets the standards established for the London Low Emission Zone.  The deadlines for compliance with the London Low Emission Zone will be phased in over time for different classifications of vehicles.  February 2008 was the compliance deadline for vehicles greater than 12 metric tons.  July 2008 was the deadline for motor coaches and vehicles greater than 3.5 metric tons.  In 2008, our Purifier Systems were approved for emissions reduction in Scotland under a grant-supported retrofit program for Scottish council fleets.  We believe these sales of our Purifier Systems for compliance with the requirements of the London Low Emission Zone may provide us with recurring revenue from use of our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst that enables the regeneration of the diesel particulate filter.  We believe we will have the opportunity to expand this business model as additional Low Emission Zones are established throughout Europe.    

Our technology licensing fees and royalties were $129,000 in the three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to $1,104,000 in the same quarter of 2007.  In each of the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, we executed new technology licensing agreements and recognized revenue from license fees for the use of our ARIS® technologies for control of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) using our selective catalytic reduction (SCR) emission control, the combination of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) with SCR technologies, and hydrocarbon injection for lean NOx traps, NOx catalysts and diesel particulate filter regeneration.  The second quarter of 2008 reflects license fees from Hilite International, Inc.  The second quarter of 2007 includes license fees on license agreements executed with Robert Bosch GmbH and Combustion Components Associates, Inc.  We are continuing our efforts to consummate technology license agreements with manufacturers and component suppliers for the use of our ARIS technologies. 

Our total cost of revenue was $1,993,000 in the three-month period ended June 30, 2008 compared to $105,000 in the three-month period ended June 30, 2007.  The increase in our cost of sales is due to higher product sales volume.  Our gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 23.9% and 91.6% for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, with the decrease attributable to the mix of lower margin product sales.

Our cost of revenue – product sales includes the costs we incur to formulate our finished products into saleable form for our customers, including material costs, labor and processing costs charged to us by our outsourced blenders, installers and other vendors, packaging costs incurred by our outsourced suppliers, freight costs to customers and inbound freight charges from our suppliers.  Our inventory is primarily maintained off-site by our outsourced suppliers.  To date, our purchasing, receiving, inspection and internal transfer costs have been insignificant and have been included in cost of revenue – product sales.  In addition, the costs of our warehouse of approximately $21,000 per year are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.  Our gross margins may not be comparable to those of other entities, because some entities include all of the costs related to their distribution network in cost of revenue and others like us exclude a portion of such costs from gross margin, including such costs instead within operating expenses.  Cost of revenue – licensing fees and royalties is zero as there are no incremental costs associated with the revenue.  Cost of revenue – consulting and other includes incremental out of pocket costs to provide consulting services.

- 16 -


Selling, general and administrative expenses were $2,722,000 in the three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to $1,495,000 in the comparable 2007 period, an increase of $1,227,000, or 82.1%.  The increase in selling, general and administrative costs is primarily attributable to higher compensation and benefits, travel and occupancy costs as further discussed below.  Selling, general and administrative expenses are summarized as follows:

(in thousands)
     
   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
Non-cash stock-based compensation
  $ 238     $ 91  
Compensation and benefits
    1,193       653  
Total compensation and benefits
    1,431       744  
Professional
    385       365  
Travel
    251       158  
Occupancy
    265       123  
Sales and marketing expenses
    144       72  
Bad debt provision
    223       30  
Depreciation and all other
    23       3  
Total selling, general and administrative expenses
  $ 2,722     $ 1,495  

Aggregate non-cash charges for the fair value of stock options and warrants in the three months ended June 30, 2008 were $241,000, of which $238,000 has been included in selling, general and administrative expenses and $3,000 in research and development expenses.  This compares to $91,000 in non-cash stock option compensation expense in the three months ended June 30, 2007.

Total compensation and benefit expense in the three months ended June 30, 2008 included $238,000 of non-cash charges for the fair value of stock options compared to $91,000 in non-cash stock option compensation expense in the three months ended June 30, 2007.  Excluding the non-cash stock-based charges, compensation and benefit expenses were $1,193,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to $653,000 in the comparable prior year period, an increase of $540,000, or 82.7%, due to new personnel and higher salaries for existing personnel in 2008 compared to 2007.

Professional fees include public relations, investor relations and financial advisory fees along with audit-related costs.   Occupancy costs include office rents, insurance and related costs.  We moved our U.K. administrative offices in November 2007 and expect higher occupancy costs in the future.

Research and development expenses were $89,000 in the three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to $150,000 in the three months ended June 30, 2007, a decrease of $61,000, or 40.7%.  The 2008 projects include laboratory testing on additive formulations, including a new bio-fuel, and field testing of emission control technologies.  The 2008 research and development expenses include $3,000 of non-cash charges for the fair value of stock options.

Patent amortization and other patent expenses were $42,000 in the three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to $79,000 in the same period in 2007, a decline of $37,000 due to additional costs in 2007 associated with the protection of the CDT patents.

Interest income was $113,000 in the three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to $67,000 in the three months ended June 30, 2007, an increase of $46,000, or 68.7%, due to higher invested balances.

- 17 -


Other expense was $29,000 in the three months ended June 30, 2008 and is comprised of foreign currency transaction losses, net of gains.

Six Months ended June 30, 2008 Compared to Six Months ended June 30, 2007

Total revenue for the first half of 2008 increased $3,761,000, or 257.8%, to $5,220,000 from $1,459,000 in the first half of 2007 due primarily to sales of our Purifier Systems as an emission reduction solution that meets the standards established for the London Low Emission Zone.  Operating revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2008 consisted of approximately 96.1% in product sales and 3.9% in technology licensing fees and royalties.  Operating revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2007 consisted of approximately 23.6% in product sales and 76.4% in technology licensing fees and royalties.  The mix of our revenue sources during any reporting period may have a material impact on our operating results.  In particular, our execution of technology licensing agreements, and the timing of the revenue recognized from these agreements, has not been predictable.

Product sales in the six months ended June 30, 2008 were $5,017,000 compared to $344,000 in the same prior year period, an increase of $4,673,000, or 1,358.4%.  The increase in product sales is attributable primarily to higher demand for our Platinum Plus Purifier Systems, a product comprised of a diesel particulate filter along with our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst to enable regeneration.  We received approval in October 2007 from Transport for London to supply our Purifier Systems as an emission reduction solution that meets the standards established for the London Low Emission Zone.  The deadlines for compliance with the London Low Emission Zone will be phased in over time for different classifications of vehicles.  February 2008 was the compliance deadline for vehicles greater than 12 metric tons and July 2008 was the compliance deadline for motor coaches and vehicles greater than 3.5 metric tons.  During our first quarter of 2008, our Purifier Systems were approved for emissions reduction in Scotland under a grant-supported retrofit program for Scottish council fleets.  We believe these sales of our Purifier Systems for compliance with the requirements of the London Low Emission Zone may provide us with recurring revenue from use of our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst that enables the regeneration of the diesel particulate filter.  We believe we will have the opportunity to expand this business model as additional Low Emission Zones are established throughout Europe.

Technology licensing fees and royalties included fees upon execution of new agreements and royalties from existing licensees, primarily for use of our ARIS technologies.  In the first half of each of 2008 and 2007, we executed new technology licensing agreements and recognized revenue from license fees for the use of our ARIS® technologies for control of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) using our selective catalytic reduction (SCR) emission control, the combination of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) with SCR technologies, and hydrocarbon injection for lean NOx traps, NOx catalysts and diesel particulate filter regeneration.  Our license agreements executed in 2008 include Headway Machinery Co., Ltd. (Zhucheng City, China) and Hilite International, Inc. (Cleveland, Ohio).  The new license agreements executed in the first six months of 2007 include Robert Bosch GmbH and Combustion Components Associates, Inc.  We are continuing our efforts to consummate technology license agreements with manufacturers and component suppliers for the use of our ARIS technologies. 

Our total cost of revenue was $4,058,000 in the six-month period ended June 30, 2008 compared to $221,000 in the six-month period ended June 30, 2007.  The increase in our cost of sales is due to higher product sales volume.  Our gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 22.3% and 84.9% for six-month periods ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, with the decrease attributable to the mix of lower margin product sales.

Our cost of revenue – product sales includes the costs we incur to formulate our finished products into saleable form for our customers, including material costs, labor and processing costs charged to us by our outsourced blenders, installers and other vendors, packaging costs incurred by our outsourced suppliers, freight costs to customers and inbound freight charges from our suppliers.  Our inventory is primarily maintained off-site by our outsourced suppliers.  To date, our purchasing, receiving, inspection and internal transfer costs have been insignificant and have been included in cost of revenue – product sales.  In addition, the costs of our warehouse of approximately $21,000 per year are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.  Our gross margins may not be comparable to those of other entities, because some entities include all of the costs related to their distribution network in cost of revenue and others like us exclude a portion of such costs from gross margin, including such costs instead within operating expenses.  Cost of revenue – licensing fees and royalties is zero as there are no incremental costs associated with the revenue.  Cost of revenue – consulting and other includes incremental out of pocket costs to provide consulting services.

- 18 -


Selling, general and administrative expenses were $5,044,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to $3,298,000 in the comparable 2007 period, an increase of $1,746,000, or 52.9%.  Selling, general and administrative expenses are summarized as follows:

(in thousands)
     
   
Six Months Ended
 
   
June 30,
 
   
2008
   
2007
 
Non-cash stock-based compensation
  $ 538     $ 642  
Compensation and benefits
    2,080       1,254  
Total compensation and benefits
    2,618       1,896  
Professional
    1,032 *     588  
Travel
    365       296  
Occupancy
    510       235  
Sales and marketing expenses
    229       160  
Bad debt provision
    241       30  
Depreciation and all other
    49       93  
Total selling, general and administrative expenses
  $ 5,044     $ 3,298  

*  Includes $227,000 of non-cash stock-based compensation charges for fair value of warrants.

The Company’s aggregate non-cash charges for the fair value of stock options and warrants in the six months ended June 30, 2008 were $771,000, of which $765,000 has been included in selling, general and administrative expenses ($538,000 in compensation and $227,000 in professional) and $6,000 in research and development expenses.  This compares to $642,000 in total non-cash stock-based compensation expense in the six months ended June 30, 2007.

Compensation and benefit expense in the six months ended June 30, 2008 included $538,000 of non-cash charges for the fair value of stock options compared to $642,000 in non-cash stock option compensation expense in the six months ended June 30, 2007.  Excluding the non-cash stock-based charges, compensation and benefit expenses were $2,080,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to $1,254,000 in the comparable prior year period, an increase of $826,000, or 65.9%, due to new personnel and higher salary rates in 2008 compared to 2007.

Professional fees include public relations, investor relations and financial advisory fees along with audit-related costs.  The significant component of the increase in professional fees is attributable to stock-based compensation charges for the fair value of warrants issued for investor relations services.  In addition, the 2008 professional costs include high costs of complying with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 associated with the Company’s transition to accelerated filer status.  Occupancy costs include office rents, insurance, telephone and communications, office supplies and related costs.  We moved our U.K. administrative offices in November 2007 and expect higher occupancy costs in the future.

Research and development expenses were $154,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to $192,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2007, a decrease of $38,000, or 19.8%, due to the timing of initiation of our 2008 projects.  The 2008 projects include laboratory testing on additive formulations and field testing of emission control technologies. The 2008 research and development expenses include $6,000 of non-cash charges for the fair value of stock options.

Patent amortization and other patent related expense was $78,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to $176,000 in the same prior year period, a decline of $98,000 due to additional costs in 2007 associated with the protection of CDT patents.

Interest income was $356,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to $94,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2007, an increase of $262,000, or 278.7%, due to higher invested balances and rates of return during the 2008 period.

Other income was $25,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2008 and is comprised of foreign currency transaction gains, net of losses.

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Liquidity and Sources of Capital

We require capital resources and liquidity to fund our global development and for working capital.  Our working capital requirements vary from period to period depending upon manufacturing volumes, the timing of deliveries and payment cycles of our customers.  At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had cash, cash equivalents and investments classified as current assets of $4,485,000 and $8,617,000, respectively, to use for our operations.

Net cash used for operating activities was $3,965,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2008 and was used primarily to fund the net loss of $3,733,000, adjusted for non-cash items.  Included in the non-cash items was stock-based compensation expense of $771,000 accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 123R.

Our working capital was $7,151,000 at June 30, 2008 compared to $10,208,000 at December 31, 2007, a decrease of $3,057,000.  Accounts receivable, net increased to $3,330,000 at June 30, 2008 from $1,927,000 at December 31, 2007 due to sales of our Purifier Systems to meet the requirements of the London Low Emission Zone.  Inventories, net decreased to $1,038,000 at June 30, 2008 from $1,093,000 at December 31, 2007.  Our accounts payable and accrued expenses increased by $266,000 compared to December 31, 2007 reflecting higher business activity.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $6,888,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2008, primarily due to sales of investments (see further discussion below).  We invested $161,000 in patents in 2008 and expect to continue to invest in our patents.

Cash provided by financing activities was $24,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2008 and was attributable to exercise of stock options.

At June 30, 2008, our investments are recorded at fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 157.  At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we held approximately $11.0 million ($11.7 million par value) and $18.8 million, respectively, in investments in auction rate securities collateralized by student loans which are substantially guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Education.  We sold $7.1 million of these investments in 2008.  However, starting on February 15, 2008 and continuing to date in 2008, the Company experienced difficulty in effecting additional sales of such securities because of the failure of the auction mechanism as a result of sell orders exceeding buy orders.  Liquidity for these auction rate securities is typically provided by an auction process that resets the applicable interest rate at pre-determined intervals.  These failed auctions represent liquidity risk exposure and are not defaults or credit events.  Holders of the securities continue to receive interest on the investments (currently at pre-determined rates), and the securities will be auctioned at the pre-determined intervals (typically every 28 days) until the auction succeeds, the issuer calls the securities, or they mature.  Accordingly, because there may be no effective mechanism for selling these securities, the securities may be viewed as long-term assets.  The funds associated with failed auctions will not be accessible until a successful auction occurs or a buyer is found outside of the auction process.  As of June 30, 2008, the estimated fair market value of the investments held by the Company declined by $750,000 from par value based upon management’s internal assessment and information provided by the investment bank through which the Company holds such securities.  Although these securities have continued to pay interest according to their stated terms and the majority of these securities continue to be AAA/Aaa rated, in the six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company recorded an unrealized temporary loss of $750,000 which is reflected in our consolidated balance sheet in accumulated other comprehensive loss, resulting in a reduction in stockholders’ equity.  Factors we considered in determining whether this loss was temporary included the length of time and extent to which fair value has been less than the cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuers, and our intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.  We classified $11.0 million and $11.7 million of these auction rate securities as non-current investments as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.  At this time, because the Company has the ability and intent to hold these securities until recovery of their value, the Company does not believe such securities are other-than-temporarily impaired or that the failure of the auction mechanism will have a material impact on the Company’s liquidity or financial position.  We continue to monitor the market for auction rate securities and consider its impact, if any, on the fair value of our investments.  If current market conditions deteriorate further, we may be required to record additional unrealized losses as reductions in stockholders’ equity.  If the anticipated recovery in market values does not occur, we may be required to adjust the carrying value of these investments through impairment charges as other-than-temporary change in the fair value.
 
On August 8, 2008, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s Division of Enforcement announced that it had entered into a preliminary agreement in principle with UBS Securities LLC and UBS Financial Services, Inc. ( collectively "UBS"), whereby UBS will use its best efforts to liquidate at par value by the end of 2009 but not later than June 30, 2010. Our investment holdings of $11.7 million par value of auction rate securities were purchased and held through UBS.  The Company believes that this agreement in principle will apply to these investments, but has not yet determined the effect.
 
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Our management believes that based upon the Company’s cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2008, the current lack of liquidity in the credit and capital markets will not have a material impact on our liquidity, cash flow, financial flexibility or our ability to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months.

We have incurred losses since inception aggregating $53.2 million, which amount includes $4.8 million of non-cash preferred stock dividends.  We expect to incur losses through the foreseeable future, until our products and technological solutions achieve greater awareness.  Although we have generated revenue from sales of our Platinum Plus fuel-borne catalyst, Purifier Systems, ARIS advanced reagent injector and dosing systems for selective catalytic reduction, catalyzed wire mesh filters and from technology licensing fees and royalties, revenue to date has been insufficient to cover our operating expenses, and we continue to be dependent upon sources other than operations to finance our working capital requirements.  Historically, we have been primarily dependent upon funding from new and existing stockholders.  The Company can provide no assurance that it will be successful in any future financing effort to obtain the necessary working capital to support operations or if such financing is available, that it will be on acceptable terms.

In the event that our business does not generate sufficient cash and external financing is not available or timely, we would be required to substantially reduce our level of operations and capital expenditures in order to conserve cash and possibly seek joint ventures or other transactions, including the sale of assets.  These reductions could have an adverse effect on our relationships with our customers and suppliers.  Our long-term continuation is dependent upon the achievement of profitable operations and the ability to generate sufficient cash from operations, equity financings and other funding sources to meet our obligations.

No dividends have been paid on our common stock and we do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.  

As of June 30, 2008, we had no indebtedness; however, we have the ability to borrow funds for working capital purposes pursuant to a margin arrangement we entered into in May 2008 (see Note 10).  The demand loan facility allows us to borrow up to $3 million, subject to collateral maintenance requirements, at a floating interest rate per annum equal to the sum of the prevailing daily 30-day Libor plus 25 basis points.  Management determined to draw down the entire $3 million facility as a matter of financial prudence to secure available cash.

Capital Expenditures

As of June 30, 2008, we had no commitments for capital expenditures and no material commitments are anticipated in the near future.

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Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

In the opinion of management, with the exception of exposure to fluctuations in the cost of platinum, exchange rates for pounds sterling and Euros, and current turmoil in the capital markets and auction rate securities, we are not subject to any significant market risk exposure.  We monitor the price of platinum and exchange rates and adjust our procurement strategies as needed.  There have been no material changes in our market risk exposures at June 30, 2008 as compared to December 31, 2007.

Item 4.
Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.  Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that Clean Diesel had effective disclosure controls and procedures for (i) recording, processing, summarizing and reporting information that is required to be disclosed in its reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and (ii) ensuring that information required to be disclosed in such reports is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.

Changes in Internal Controls
 
In connection with the evaluation by the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s last fiscal quarter, no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was identified that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II.
OTHER INFORMATION

Item 4.
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

At the May 13, 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Company, the holders of 4,286,219 shares of the Company’s common stock were present in person or by proxy.  This attendance was 52.7% of the total of 8,137,650 shares of common stock outstanding as of the record date of March 14, 2008.

The results of matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders were as follows:

(i)  the proposal to elect six nominees as directors was approved by a vote with respect to each individual, as follows:

Name
 
Shares For
 
Shares Withheld
         
John A. de Havilland
 
4,311,767
 
26,407
Derek R. Gray
 
4,315,522
 
 22,652
Charles W. Grinnell
 
4,305,022
 
 33,152
John J. McCloy II
 
4,313,197
 
 24,925
David F. Merrion
 
4,313,197
 
 24,977
Bernhard Steiner
 
4,316,952
 
 21,222

(ii)  the proposal to ratify the appointment of Eisner LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the year 2008 was approved by a vote of 4,259,220 for and 26,798 shares against.


Item 6. 
Exhibits

(a)
 
Exhibits
   
         
   
Exhibit Number
 
Description
         
     
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Exchange Act
         
     
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Exchange Act
         
     
Certifications of CEO and CFO Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
 
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SIGNATURES


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


 
CLEAN DIESEL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
 
(Registrant)
     
     
Date:  August 11, 2008
By:
/s/  Bernhard Steiner
 
   
Bernhard Steiner
   
Director, President and
   
Chief Executive Officer
     
Date:  August 11, 2008
By:
/s/  Ann B. Ruple
 
   
Ann B. Ruple
   
Chief Financial Officer,
   
Vice President and Treasurer

 
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