Cohen & Steers Global Income Builders, Inc.

PROSPECTUS

LOGO

22,500,000 Shares

Cohen & Steers Global Income Builder, Inc.

Common Shares

$20.00 per Share

 


Investment Objective. Cohen & Steers Global Income Builder, Inc. (the “Fund”) is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. Our investment objective is total return, with an emphasis on high current income.

No Prior History. Because the Fund is newly organized, its Common Shares have no history of public trading. Shares of closed-end funds frequently trade at a discount from their net asset value. This risk may be greater for investors expecting to sell their shares in a relatively short period after completion of the public offering.

(continued on following page)

Investing in Common Shares involves risks that are described in the “ Principal Risks of the Fund” section beginning on page 50 of this prospectus.

 


 

     Per Share      Total(1)

Price to public

   $ 20.00      $450,000,000

Sales load(2)

     $.90      $20,250,000

Estimated offering expenses(3)

     $.04      $900,000

Proceeds, after expenses, to Fund

   $ 19.06      $428,850,000

 

  (1)   The Fund has granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to 3,375,000 additional Common Shares at the public offering price less the sales load within 45 days of the date of this prospectus, solely to cover overallotments, if any. If such option is exercised in full, the total Price to public, Sales load, Estimated offering expenses and Proceeds, after expenses, to Fund will be $517,500,000, $23,287,500, $1,035,000 and $493,177,500, respectively. See “Underwriting.”

 

  (2)   The Fund has agreed to pay the underwriters $.00667 per Common Share as a partial reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with the offering. The Investment Manager (and not the Fund) has agreed to pay additional compensation to Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated. See “Underwriting.”

 

  (3)   Offering expenses paid by the Fund, estimated to total $900,000 (or $.04 per Common Share), may include reimbursement to the Investment Manager or its affiliates for expenses incurred in connection with the offering, including compensation to sales personnel. See “Underwriting.” The Investment Manager has agreed to pay all of the Fund’s organizational expenses and offering costs (other than the sales load, but including the $.00667 per Common Share partial reimbursement of expenses to the underwriters) that exceed $.04 per Common Share.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any State Securities Commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The Common Shares will be ready for delivery on or about July 31, 2007.

 


Merrill Lynch & Co.

 

BB&T Capital Markets   Robert W. Baird & Co.   H&R Block Financial Advisors, Inc.
Crowell, Weedon & Co.   Deutsche Bank Securities  

Ferris, Baker Watts

Incorporated

J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, Inc.   Janney Montgomery Scott LLC   Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc.
Oppenheimer & Co.  

RBC Capital Markets

  Ryan Beck & Co.
Stifel Nicolaus   Wedbush Morgan Securities Inc.   Wells Fargo Securities

 


The date of this prospectus is July 26, 2007.


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Investment Portfolio. Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc., the Fund’s investment manager (the “Investment Manager”), will construct the Fund’s investment portfolio primarily by allocating the Fund’s assets to selections from the five proprietary strategies used by the Investment Manager in managing other established Cohen & Steers portfolios (the “Select Strategies”). Allocations and reallocations of the Fund’s assets to the Select Strategies will be determined by the Investment Manager’s senior portfolio managers in accordance with market conditions and available investment opportunities. Three primary factors will be considered in determining portfolio allocation: income potential, total return potential and diversification. The five proprietary strategies are:

 

  Ÿ  

Global Large Cap Strategy: dividend paying common stocks of large capitalization companies with potential for attractive and sustainable dividend growth issued by companies across a variety of industries and sectors

 

  Ÿ  

Global Real Estate Strategy: real estate securities, including real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) or REIT-like structures

 

  Ÿ  

Global Utility Strategy: common stocks and other equity securities issued by utility companies and master limited partnerships

 

  Ÿ  

Global Preferred Strategy: preferred securities, including traditional preferred securities and hybrid-preferred securities

 

  Ÿ  

Closed-End Funds Strategy: common stocks of closed-end funds that invest significantly in equity or income-producing securities

The Fund intends to focus primarily on securities selected from the Global Large Cap Strategy. Based on current market conditions, the Fund initially is expected to have 60% of its managed assets allocated to the Global Large Cap Strategy and 40% of its managed assets allocated among the Global Real Estate, Global Utility, Global Preferred and Closed-End Funds Strategies, although allocations among the Select Strategies will vary over time based on market conditions, perhaps significantly. The Fund may not be invested in securities from all of the Select Strategies at all times. The Fund’s “managed assets” are equal to the net asset value of the Fund’s Common Shares plus the principal amount of borrowings, if any, and the liquidation value of any preferred shares.

The Fund also intends to write (sell) index and stock options on a portion of its portfolio with the intention of earning option premiums. Option premiums generate current income and may help to increase distributable income, although there can be no assurance that this will be achieved. Initially, the Fund intends to write options having an aggregate notional value equal to 40% to 60% of the value of the Fund’s portfolio, although the percentage will vary over time based on market conditions. The Fund also may seek to increase its current income through dividend capture trading. In dividend capture trading, the Fund sells a stock on or shortly after the stock’s ex-dividend date and uses the sale proceeds to purchase one or more other stocks that are expected to pay dividends before the next dividend payment on the stock being sold. Through this strategy, the Fund may receive more dividend payments over a given period of time than if it held a single stock. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. See “Investment Objective and Policies” and “Principal Risks of the Fund.”

Leverage. The Fund intends to seek to enhance its dividend yield and total return potential through leverage of approximately 20% of its managed assets (including the amount obtained from leverage) through issuing preferred shares or through borrowings. See “Use of Leverage—Leverage Risk.”

The Common Shares have been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to notice of issuance, under the symbol “INB.”

This prospectus concisely sets forth information about the Fund you should know before investing. You should read the prospectus carefully before deciding whether to invest and retain it for future reference. A statement of additional information, dated July 26, 2007 (the “SAI”), as supplemented from time to time, containing additional information about the Fund, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this prospectus. You can review the table of contents of the SAI on page 88 of this prospectus. You may request a free copy of the SAI by calling (800) 437-9912. You also may call to request the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports (when available) or other information about the Fund and to make stockholder inquiries. The Fund makes available the SAI and the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports (when available), free of charge, at http://www.cohenandsteers.com. You may also obtain the SAI and other information regarding the Fund on the Securities and Exchange Commission website (http://www.sec.gov).


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page

Prospectus Summary

   4

Summary of Fund Expenses

   33

The Fund

   35

Use of Proceeds

   35

Investment Objective and Policies

   35

Use of Leverage

   47

Principal Risks of the Fund

   50

Additional Risk Considerations

   66

How the Fund Manages Risk

   67

Management of the Fund

   68

Dividends and Distributions

   71

Closed-End Structure

   73

Repurchase of Shares

   74

Possible Conversion to Open-End Fund Status

   74

Taxation

   75

Description of Shares

   78

Certain Provisions of the Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws

   81

Underwriting

   84

Custodian, Transfer Agent, Dividend Disbursing Agent and Registrar

   87

Reports to Stockholders

   87

Validity of the Common Shares

   87

Table of Contents for the Statement of Additional Information

   88

 


You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not, and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus. Our business, financial condition and prospects may have changed since that date.

 

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This is only a summary. This summary may not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our Common Shares. You should review the more detailed information contained in this prospectus and in the statement of additional information (the “SAI”), especially the information set forth under the heading “Principal Risks of the Fund.”

 

The Fund

Cohen & Steers Global Income Builder, Inc. is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. Throughout this prospectus, we refer to Cohen & Steers Global Income Builder, Inc. simply as the “Fund” or as “we,” “us” or “our.” See “The Fund.”

 

The Offering

We are offering 22,500,000 shares of common stock (“Common Shares”) through a group of underwriters led by Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (“Merrill Lynch”). You must purchase at least 100 Common Shares ($2,000). The underwriters have been granted an option to purchase up to 3,375,000 additional Common Shares solely to cover overallotments, if any. The initial public offering price is $20.00 per Common Share. See “Underwriting.” Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc. (the “Investment Manager”) has agreed to pay all of our organizational expenses and offering costs (other than the sales load, but including the $.00667 per Common Share partial reimbursement of expenses to the underwriters) that exceed $.04 per Common Share.

 

Investment Objective and Policies

Our investment objective is total return, with an emphasis on high current income. Our investment objective and certain investment policies are considered fundamental and may not be changed without stockholder approval. See “Investment Objective and Policies.”

 

 

The Investment Manager will construct the Fund’s investment portfolio primarily by allocating the Fund’s assets to selections from the five proprietary strategies used by the Investment Manager in managing other established Cohen & Steers portfolios (the “Select Strategies”). Allocations and reallocations of the Fund’s assets to the Select Strategies will be determined by the Investment Manager’s senior portfolio managers in accordance with market conditions and available investment opportunities. Three primary factors will be considered in determining portfolio allocation: income potential, total return potential and diversification. The five proprietary strategies are:

 

 

Ÿ Global Large Cap Strategy: dividend paying common stocks of large capitalization companies with potential for attractive and sustainable dividend growth issued by companies across a variety of industries and sectors

 

 

Ÿ Global Real Estate Strategy: real estate securities, including real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) or REIT-like structures

 

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Ÿ Global Utility Strategy: common stocks and other equity securities issued by utility companies and master limited partnerships (“MLPs”)

 

 

Ÿ Global Preferred Strategy: preferred securities, including traditional preferred securities and hybrid-preferred securities

 

 

Ÿ Closed-End Funds Strategy: common stocks of closed-end funds that invest significantly in equity or income-producing securities

 

 

The Fund intends to focus primarily on securities selected from the Global Large Cap Strategy. Based on current market conditions, the Fund initially is expected to have 60% of its managed assets allocated to the Global Large Cap Strategy and 40% of its managed assets allocated among the Global Real Estate, Global Utility, Global Preferred and Closed-End Funds Strategies, although allocations among the Select Strategies will vary over time based on market conditions, perhaps significantly. The Fund may not be invested in securities from all of the Select Strategies at all times. The Fund’s “managed assets” are equal to the net asset value of the Fund’s Common Shares plus the principal amount of borrowings from financial institutions (“Borrowings”), if any, and the liquidation value of any preferred shares.

 

 

The Fund also intends to write (sell) index and stock options on a portion of its portfolio with the intention of earning option premiums (the “Covered Call Strategy”). Option premiums generate current income and may help to increase distributable income, although there can be no assurance that this will be achieved. Initially, the Fund intends to write options having an aggregate notional value equal to 40% to 60% of the value of the Fund’s portfolio, although the percentage will vary over time based on market conditions. The Covered Call Strategy is designed to contribute to total return while moderating the volatility of those returns thereby reducing portfolio volatility, although option writing will reduce the potential to benefit from any appreciation in the portion of the Fund’s stock portfolio with respect to which options are written. The Fund generally intends to write call options that are “at-the-money,” meaning the exercise price of the option is equal to the value of the underlying index or stock when the option is written, or “close-to-the-money,” meaning the exercise price of the option is close to current cash value of the underlying index or the market value of the underlying security when the option is written.

 

 

The Fund also may seek to increase its current income through dividend capture trading. In dividend capture trading, the Fund sells a stock on or shortly after the stock’s ex-dividend date and uses the sale proceeds to purchase one or more other stocks that are expected to pay dividends before the next dividend payment on the stock being sold. Through this strategy, the Fund may receive more dividend payments over a given period of time than if it held a single stock.

 

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Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest significantly (at least 40%—unless market conditions are not deemed favorable by the Investment Manager, in which case the Fund would invest at least 30%) in companies organized or located outside the United States or doing a substantial amount of business outside the United States, including direct investments in securities of such issuers and investments in depositary receipts (such as American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”)) that represent indirect interests in securities of foreign issuers. The Fund will allocate its assets among various regions and countries, including the United States (but in no less than three countries).

 

 

The Fund also may invest without limit in securities that at the time of investment are rated below investment grade or that are unrated but judged to be below investment grade by the Investment Manager. These below investment grade securities are commonly referred to as “junk bonds” and are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the payment of interest and repayment of principal. The Fund will not invest in securities which are in default at the time of purchase. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Credit Risk and Lower-Rated Securities Risk.”

 

 

There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

 

Investment Portfolio

Select Strategies

 

 

Global Large Cap Strategy.    In selecting common stocks of large capitalization companies (companies with market capitalizations similar to those companies included in the Russell 1000 Value Index) in its Global Large Cap Strategy, the Investment Manager first seeks to identify attractive businesses by industry through identification of key industry drivers and evaluation of each company’s business model, market position and management team. Then a number of additional screens are applied to assess a company’s dividend growth potential as well as the sustainability of that growth, including analysis of dividend history, free cash flow and dividend payout ratios. Once this fundamental research has been completed and the universe of companies has been narrowed, a dividend discount model is employed to determine the present value of a future stream of a company’s dividend payments to identify stocks the Investment Manager believes are undervalued relative to their long-term growth prospects. This model assists in both quantifying discounts to target prices and determining individual stock and sector weightings.

 

 

The Global Large Cap Strategy may include some securities that do not meet the Investment Manager’s normal investment criteria for the strategy, as described above, when the Investment Manager perceives an unusual opportunity for appreciation. These special situations might arise when the Investment Manager believes a security could increase in value for a variety of reasons, including a change in

 

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management, an extraordinary corporate event or a temporary imbalance in the supply of or demand for the securities.

 

 

In an effort to mitigate risk, the Investment Manager adheres to a sell discipline in its Global Large Cap Strategy that helps to identify when to begin scaling out of a position that no longer meets the strategy’s investment criteria. Considerations include change in company management or strategy, change in dividend policy, invalid investment thesis, stock price approaching target price, deterioration of company fundamentals or changing industry considerations.

 

 

Global Real Estate Strategy.    The Global Real Estate Strategy focuses on real estate securities of U.S. and non-U.S. companies, including common stocks, preferred securities and other debt securities issued by real estate companies, such as REITs or REIT-like structures. In selecting common stocks and other equity securities for its Global Real Estate Strategy, including securities of REITs, the Investment Manager adheres to an integrated, bottom-up, relative value investment process. A proprietary valuation model ranks real estate securities on price-to-net asset value, which the Investment Manager believes is the primary determinant of real estate security valuation, and guides a bottom-up portfolio construction process. The Investment Manager’s analysts incorporate both quantitative and qualitative analysis in their net asset value estimates.

 

 

Global Utility Strategy.    The Global Utility Strategy focuses on common stocks and other equity securities issued by utility companies and MLPs. In selecting common stocks and other equity securities for its Global Utility Strategy, the Investment Manager relies on a fundamental analysis of each company. Securities are evaluated for their potential to provide an attractive total return through a combination of dividend yield and capital appreciation. The Investment Manager reviews each company’s potential for success in light of general economic and industry trends, as well as the company’s quality of management, financial condition, business plan, industry and sector market position, dividend payout ratio and corporate governance. The Investment Manager utilizes a value-oriented approach, and evaluates each company’s valuation on the basis of relative price/cash flow and price/earnings multiples, earnings growth rate, dividend yield and price/book value, among other metrics.

 

 

Global Preferred Strategy.    The Global Preferred Strategy may include investment in traditional preferred securities issued by entities taxable as corporations, as well as hybrid preferred securities. In selecting preferred securities, the Investment Manager seeks to select securities it believes are undervalued on the basis of risk and return profiles. In making this determination, the Investment Manager

 

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evaluates the fundamental characteristics of an issuer, including an issuer’s creditworthiness, and also takes into account prevailing market factors. In analyzing credit quality, the Investment Manager considers not only fundamental analysis, but also an issuer’s corporate and capital structure and the placement of the preferred or debt securities within that structure. The Investment Manager also takes into account other factors, such as call and other structural features, momentum and other exogenous signals (i.e., the likely directions of ratings) and relative value versus other income security classes.

 

 

Closed-End Funds Strategy.    The Closed-End Funds Strategy focuses on common stock of closed-end funds that generally focus on equity or income-producing securities, sectors or strategies, such as dividend strategies, covered call option strategies, total return strategies, dividend capture strategies, general equities (including both dividend and non-dividend paying equities), limited duration strategies, convertible securities, preferred securities, high yield securities and real estate, energy, utility, MLP and other equity or income-oriented strategies. Closed-end funds included in this strategy also may include business development companies (“BDCs”), which are a type of closed-end fund under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), that typically invests in small- and medium-sized companies that may not have access to public equity markets for capital raising. The Fund will not invest in any closed-end funds managed by the Investment Manager.

 

 

Covered Call Strategy

 

 

Call options are contracts representing the right to receive the current value of the underlying index at a specified price (the “exercise price”) or to purchase the underlying security at or before a specified future date (the “expiration date”). The values of options are determined by trading activity in the broad options markets and will be affected by, among other factors, changes in the value of the underlying securities (including those comprising an index) in relation to the exercise price, changes in dividend rates of underlying securities, changes in interest or currency rates, changes in actual or perceived volatility of the stock market and the time remaining until the expiration date. As the writer (seller) of a call option, the Fund would receive cash (the premium) from the purchaser of the option, and the purchaser would have the right to receive from the Fund the cash value of the underlying index or any appreciation in the underlying security over the exercise price on the expiration date or otherwise upon exercise. In effect, the Fund forgoes, during the life of the option, the opportunity to profit from increases in the market value of the underlying security or securities held by the Fund with respect to which the option was written above the sum of the premium and the exercise price. For index options, this will depend,

 

8


 

in part, on the extent of correlation of the performance of the Fund’s portfolio securities with the performance of the relevant index. The Covered Call Strategy will generally limit the Fund’s ability to benefit from the full appreciation potential of its stock investments underlying the options, and the Fund retains the risk of loss (less premiums received) if the value of these stock investments declines. The Fund’s written call options on individual stocks will be “covered” because the Fund will hold the underlying stock in its portfolio throughout the term of the option. The Fund also will “cover” its written index call option positions by either segregating liquid assets in an amount equal to the contract value of the index or by entering into offsetting positions. The Fund will not write options with respect to individual stocks that are not held in the Fund’s portfolio.

 

 

The Fund generally intends to write call options that are “at-the-money” (the exercise price of the option is equal to the value of the underlying index or stock when the option is written) or “close-to-the-money” (with an exercise price close to the current cash value of the underlying index or the market value of the underlying security when the option is written), but reserves the flexibility to write options that are more substantially “out-of-the-money” (with an exercise price above the current cash value of the underlying index or the market value of the underlying security when the option is written) or are “in-the-money” (with an exercise price below the current cash value of the underlying index or market value of the underlying security when the option is written), based on market conditions and other factors.

 

 

An equity index assigns relative values to the securities included in the index (which change periodically), and the index fluctuates with changes in the market values of those securities. An index option relates to the securities included in that index. The exercise of an index option requires a cash payment and does not involve the actual purchase or sale of securities. The Fund may write call options on “broad-based” equity indexes, as well as on narrower market indexes, such as those in respect of select sectors. The Fund also may write options on exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) and other similar instruments designed to correlate with the performance of an equity index or market segment. Initially, the Fund intends to write call options on the S&P 500 Composite Stock Price Index and at least one broad-based foreign stock index and also may write options on select sectors and single stocks.

 

 

The Fund may write listed/exchange-traded options contracts, as well as unlisted (or “over-the-counter”) options, particularly with respect to options on foreign securities or indexes. Over-the-counter options are not originated and standardized by any exchange or clearinghouse and are not listed and traded on an options exchange, and therefore involve increased liquidity, counterparty and other risks. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Covered Call Strategy Risk.”

 

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Portfolio Composition

Portfolio Securities from the Select Strategies

 

 

Common Stock.    Common stocks represent the residual ownership interest in the issuer, and holders of common stock are entitled to the income and increase in the value of the assets and business of the issuer after all of its debt obligations and obligations to preferred stockholders are satisfied. Common stocks generally have voting rights. Common stocks fluctuate in price in response to many factors including historical and prospective earnings of the issuer, the value of its assets, general economic conditions, interest rates, investor perceptions and market liquidity.

 

 

Securities Issued By Real Estate Companies.    A real estate company, as described in this prospectus, is one that derives at least 50% of its revenues from the ownership, construction, financing, management or sale of commercial, industrial or residential real estate or has at least 50% of its assets in such real estate. REITs are companies that own interests in real estate or in real estate related loans or other interests. A REIT in the United States is generally not taxed on income distributed to shareholders so long as it meets certain tax related requirements, including the requirement that it distribute substantially all of its taxable income to such shareholders. Some countries have a REIT structure very similar to the United States. Other countries have REIT structures that are different from the United States in terms of tax requirements/benefits or scope of qualifying business activities. In addition, there are other countries that have not adopted a REIT structure in any form, although some of these countries are considering adopting a REIT structure. While a significant percentage of the portion of the Fund’s portfolio allocated to the Global Real Estate Strategy may be invested in REITs and REIT-like entities, the Fund also may invest a significant percentage of such portion of its portfolio in other real estate companies.

 

 

Utility Company Securities.    Utility companies, as described in this prospectus, derive at least 50% of their revenues from, or have at least 50% of their assets committed to, the generation, transmission, sale or distribution of electric energy; distribution, purification and treatment of water; production, transmission or distribution of natural gas; or provision of communications services, including cable television, satellite, microwave, radio, telephone and other communications media.

 

 

Master Limited Partnerships.    An MLP is a publicly traded company organized as a limited partnership or limited liability company and treated as a partnership for Federal income tax purposes. MLPs may derive income and gains from the exploration, development, mining or production, processing, refining, transportation (including pipelines transporting gas, oil, or products thereof), or the marketing of any mineral or natural resources. MLPs generally have two classes of owners, the general partner and limited partners. The general partner

 

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of an MLP is typically owned by one or more of the following: a major energy company, an investment fund, or the direct management of the MLP. The general partner may be structured as a private or publicly traded corporation or other entity. The general partner typically controls the operations and management of the MLP through an up to 2% equity interest in the MLP plus, in many cases, ownership of common units and subordinated units. Limited partners own the remainder of the partnership, through ownership of common units, and have a limited role in the partnership’s operations and management.

 

 

Preferred Securities.    There are two basic types of preferred securities. The first, sometimes referred to in this prospectus as traditional preferred securities, consists of preferred stock issued by an entity taxable as a corporation. Preferred stocks are considered equity securities. The second basic type is referred to in this prospectus as hybrid-preferred securities. Hybrid-preferred securities may be issued by corporations, generally in the form of interest-bearing notes with preferred securities characteristics, or by an affiliated trust or partnership of the corporation, generally in the form of preferred interests in subordinated debentures or similarly structured securities. Hybrid-preferred securities are considered debt securities. The Investment Manager also considers senior debt perpetual issues, as well as exchange-listed senior debt issues that trade with attributes of exchange-listed perpetual and hybrid-preferred securities to be part of the broader preferred securities market. Preferred securities pay fixed or floating dividends to investors and have “preference” over common stock in the payment of dividends and in the liquidation of a company’s assets. This means that a company must pay dividends on preferred stock before paying dividends on its common stock. Preferred stockholders usually have no right to vote for corporate directors or on other matters.

 

 

Financial Services Company Securities.    The Fund may invest significantly in the securities of financial services companies through each of the Select Strategies, particularly through the Global Large Cap Strategy and Global Preferred Strategy. Companies in the financial services sector include commercial banks, industrial banks, savings institutions, finance companies, diversified financial services companies, investment banking firms, securities brokerage houses, investment advisory companies, leasing companies, insurance companies and companies providing similar services.

 

 

Investments in Closed-End Funds.    The Closed-End Funds Strategy is comprised primarily of closed-end funds that generally focus on equity or income-producing securities, sectors or strategies, such as dividend strategies, covered call option strategies, total return

 

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strategies, dividend capture strategies, general equities, limited duration strategies, convertible securities, preferred securities, high yield securities and real estate, energy, utility, MLP and other equity or income-oriented strategies. Dividend strategies typically focus on investments in dividend-paying equity securities or equity-related securities, such as common stock, preferred securities, convertible securities and/or warrants. A covered call option strategy is designed to produce income from premiums received from writing (selling) call options on single securities and/or indexes and to offset a portion of a market decline in the underlying securities. Total return strategies typically pursue both income and capital appreciation, and may invest in a wide variety of equity and fixed-income securities and other instruments that vary from fund to fund. In a dividend capture strategy, a stock is sold on or shortly after the stock’s ex-dividend date and uses the sale proceeds to purchase one or more other stocks that are expected to pay dividends before the next dividend payment on the stock being sold. Through this strategy, a fund may received more dividend payments over a given period of time than if it held a single stock. Limited duration strategies typically focus on fixed-income securities of intermediate duration (a measure of the price volatility of a debt instrument as a result of changes in market interest rates, based on the weighted average timing of the instrument’s expected principal and interest payments), and may include high yield securities, senior loans and mortgage-related securities. Securities and other investments in which the closed-end funds pursuing these strategies are expected to focus their investments, along with the real estate, energy and utilities sectors, are described with their accompanying risks, under “Principal Risks of the Fund—Risks of Investing in Closed-End Funds and Other Investment Companies.”

 

 

Lower-Rated Securities.    The Fund also may invest without limit in securities that at the time of investment are rated below investment grade or that are unrated but judged to be below investment grade by the Investment Manager (and may invest in securities rated as low as the lowest rating issued by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“S&P”), or Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) (or the unrated equivalents). The Fund will not invest in securities which are in default at the time of purchase. These below investment grade quality securities are commonly referred to as “junk bonds” and are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the payment of interest and repayment of principal. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Credit Risk and Lower Rated Securities Risk.”

 

 

Other Transactions, Techniques and Investments

 

 

Dividend Capture.    The Fund may employ a dividend capture strategy that seeks to increase its current income. In dividend capture trading, the Fund sells a stock on or shortly after the stock’s ex-dividend date and uses the sale proceeds to purchase one or more other stocks that are expected to pay dividends before the next dividend payment on the stock being sold. Through this strategy, the Fund may receive more dividend payments over a given period of

 

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time than if it held a single stock. Receipt of a greater number of dividend payments during a given time period could augment the total amount of dividend income the Fund receives over this period. For example, during the course of a single year it may be possible through dividend capture trading for the Fund to receive five or more dividend payments with respect to a Fund asset attributable to dividend capture trading, where it may only have received four quarterly payments in a hold only strategy. Dividend capture trades may be made without regard to whether any dividends may qualify for the reduced Federal income tax rates applicable to qualified dividends under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

 

 

Other Investments.    The Fund may invest up to 10% of its managed assets in securities of open-end investment companies, including ETFs.

 

 

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its managed assets in illiquid securities (i.e., securities that are not readily marketable).

 

 

In addition to investing in preferred securities through its Global Preferred Strategy, the Fund may invest in debt securities. Debt securities in which the Fund may invest include investments in convertible debt securities, convertible preferred securities, mortgage-backed securities, corporate debt securities issued by domestic and non-U.S. corporations and government debt securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities or a non-U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities.

 

 

The Fund may engage in short-term trading strategies, and securities may be sold without regard to the length of time held when, in the opinion of the Investment Manager, investment considerations warrant such action. These policies may have the effect of increasing the Fund’s annual rate of portfolio turnover. Higher rates of portfolio turnover involve greater trading costs to the Fund and may result in the realization of net short term capital gains.

 

 

The Fund also may purchase and sell derivative instruments such as exchange-listed and over-the-counter put and call options on securities, financial futures, indexes, and other financial instruments; purchase and sell financial futures contracts and options thereon; enter into various interest rate transactions such as swaps, caps, floors or collars or credit transactions; equity swaps; credit default swaps; forward contracts; and structured investments. In addition, the Fund may enter into various currency transactions, such as forward currency contracts, currency futures contracts, currency swaps or options on currency or currency futures. The Fund also may purchase derivative instruments that combine features of these instruments. Collectively, all of the above are referred to as “Strategic Transactions.” The Fund may enter into Strategic Transactions as a

 

13


 

portfolio management or hedging technique, or to seek to increase return.

Certain of the Fund’s investment strategies may limit the amount of dividend income the Fund receives from qualifying for the reduced Federal income tax rates applicable to qualified dividends under the Code. As a result, there can be no assurance as to what portion of the Fund’s distributions will be designated as qualified dividend income. See “Taxation.”

 

 

The Fund may engage in certain other investment strategies as described under “Investment Objective and Policies—Portfolio Composition—Other Transactions, Techniques and Investments.”

 

Use of Leverage

The Fund intends to seek to enhance its dividend yield and total return potential through leverage of approximately 20% of its managed assets (including the amount obtained from leverage) through issuing preferred shares or through Borrowings and could engage in leverage up to the maximum permitted by the 1940 Act. The Fund also may borrow money as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including the payment of dividends and the settlement of securities transactions, which otherwise might require untimely dispositions of Fund securities.

 

 

There is no assurance that the Fund will utilize leverage or, if leverage is utilized, that it will be successful in enhancing the level of its total return. The net asset value of the Fund’s Common Shares may be reduced by the issuance costs of any leverage. Through leveraging, the Fund will seek to obtain a higher return for holders of Common Shares (“Common Shareholders”) than if the Fund did not use leverage. Leverage is a speculative technique and there are special risks and costs associated with leverage. There can be no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed. See “Use of Leverage—Leverage Risk.”

 

 

In order to seek to reduce interest rate risk if the Fund engages in leverage, the Fund may enter into interest rate swap or cap transactions as to all or a portion of Fund leverage. The use of interest rate swaps and caps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. In an interest rate swap, the Fund would agree to pay to the other party to the interest rate swap (which is known as the “counterparty”) a fixed rate payment in exchange for the counterparty agreeing to pay to the Fund a variable rate payment that is intended to approximate the Fund’s variable rate payment obligation on leverage. See “Use of Leverage—Interest Rate Transactions.”

 

 

So long as the Fund is able to realize a higher net return on its investment portfolio than the then current cost of any leverage together with other related expenses, the effect of the leverage will be

 

14


 

to cause Common Shareholders to realize higher current net investment income than if the Fund were not so leveraged. On the other hand, to the extent that the then current cost of any leverage, together with other related expenses, approaches the net return on the Fund’s investment portfolio, the benefit of leverage to Common Shareholders will be reduced, and if the then current cost of any leverage were to exceed the net return on the Fund’s portfolio, the fund’s leveraged capital structure would result in a lower rate of return to Common Shareholders than if the Fund were not so leveraged. See “Use of Leverage—Leverage Risk.”

 

Principal Risks of the Fund

We are a non-diversified, closed-end fund designed primarily as a long-term investment and not as a trading vehicle. The Fund is not intended to be a complete investment program and, due to the uncertainty inherent in all investments, there can be no assurance that we will achieve our investment objective.

 

 

No Operating History.    As a newly organized entity, we have no operating history. See “The Fund.”

 

 

Investment Risk.    An investment in the Fund is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount that you invest.

 

 

Market Risk.    Your investment in Common Shares represents an indirect investment in the common stock, preferred securities, debt securities and other investments owned by the Fund. The value of these securities, like other investments, may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. Your Common Shares at any point in time may be worth less than what you invested, even after taking into account the reinvestment of Fund dividends and distributions. The Fund may utilize leverage, which magnifies the market risk. See “Use of Leverage—Leverage Risk.”

 

 

Common Stock Risk.    Common stocks are subject to special risks. Although common stocks have historically generated higher average returns than fixed-income securities over the long-term, common stocks also have experienced significantly more volatility in returns. Common stocks may be more susceptible to adverse changes in market value due to issuer specific events or general movements in the equities markets. A drop in the stock market may depress the price of common stocks held by the Fund. Common stock prices fluctuate for many reasons, including changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer or the general condition of the relevant stock market, or the occurrence of political or economic events affecting issuers. For example, an adverse event, such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of common stock in which the Fund has invested; the price of common stock of an issuer may be particularly sensitive to general movements in the stock market; or a drop in the stock market may depress the price of most or

 

15


 

all of the common stocks held by the Fund. Also, common stock of an issuer in the Fund’s portfolio may decline in price if the issuer fails to make anticipated dividend payments because, among other reasons, the issuer of the security experiences a decline in its financial condition. The common stocks in which the Fund will invest are typically subordinated to preferred securities, bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure in terms of priority to corporate income and assets, and, therefore, will be subject to greater risk than the preferred securities or debt instruments of such issuers. In addition, common stock prices may be sensitive to rising interest rates as the costs of capital rise and borrowing costs increase.

 

 

Special Risks of Investing in the Real Estate Sector.    The Fund may invest significantly in the securities of real estate companies and may be susceptible to adverse economic or regulatory occurrences affecting that sector. Real property investments are subject to varying degrees of risk. The yields available from investments in real estate depend on the amount of income and capital appreciation generated by the related properties. Income and real estate values may also be adversely affected by such factors as applicable laws (e.g., Americans with Disabilities Act and tax laws), interest rate levels and the availability of financing. If the properties do not generate sufficient income to meet operating expenses, including, where applicable, debt service, ground lease payments, tenant improvements, third-party leasing commissions and other capital expenditures, the income and ability of the real estate company to make payments of any interest and principal on its debt securities will be adversely affected. In addition, real property may be subject to the quality of credit extended and defaults by borrowers and tenants. The performance of the economy in each of the regions and countries in which the real estate owned by a portfolio company is located affects occupancy, market rental rates and expenses and, consequently, has an impact on the income from such properties and their underlying values.

 

 

The financial results of major local employers also may have an impact on the cash flow and value of certain properties. In addition, real estate investments are relatively illiquid and, therefore, the ability of real estate companies to vary their portfolios promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions is limited. A real estate company also may have joint venture investments in certain of its properties and, consequently, its ability to control decisions relating to these properties may be limited.

 

 

Real property investments are also subject to risks which are specific to the investment sector or type of property in which the real estate companies are investing.

 

 

Ÿ Retail Properties.    Retail properties are affected by the overall health of the applicable economy and may be adversely affected by the growth of alternative forms of retailing, bankruptcy, departure

 

16


 

or cessation of operations of a tenant, a shift in consumer demand due to demographic changes, spending patterns and lease terminations.

 

 

Ÿ Office Properties.    Office properties are affected by the overall health of the economy and other factors such as a downturn in the businesses operated by their tenants, obsolescence and noncompetitiveness.

 

 

Ÿ Hotel Properties.    The risks of hotel properties include, among other things, the necessity of a high level of continuing capital expenditures, competition, increases in operating costs which may not be offset by increases in revenues, dependence on business and commercial travelers and tourism, increases in fuel costs and other expenses of travel and adverse effects of general and local economic conditions.

 

 

Ÿ Healthcare Properties.    Healthcare properties and healthcare providers are affected by several significant factors, including Federal, state and local laws governing licenses, certification, adequacy of care, pharmaceutical distribution, medical rates, equipment, personnel and other factors regarding operations; continued availability of revenue from government reimbursement programs (primarily Medicaid and Medicare); and competition on a local and regional basis.

 

 

Ÿ Multifamily Properties.    The value and successful operation of a multifamily property may be affected by a number of factors such as the location of the property, the ability of the management team, the level of mortgage rates, presence of competing properties, adverse economic conditions in the locale, oversupply and rent control laws or other laws affecting such properties.

 

 

Ÿ Insurance Issues.    Certain real estate companies may carry comprehensive liability, fire, flood, earthquake extended coverage and rental loss insurance with various policy specifications, limits and deductibles.

 

 

Ÿ Credit Risk.    REITs may be highly leveraged, and financial covenants may affect the ability of REITs to operate effectively.

 

 

Ÿ Environmental Issues.    In connection with the ownership (direct or indirect), operation, management and development of real properties that may contain hazardous or toxic substances, a portfolio company may be considered an owner, operator or responsible party of such properties and, therefore, may be potentially liable for removal or remediation costs, as well as certain other costs, including governmental fines and liabilities for injuries to persons and property.

 

 

Ÿ Smaller Companies.    Even the larger REITs in the industry tend to be small- to medium-sized companies in relation to the equity markets as a whole. REIT shares, therefore, can be more volatile than, and perform differently from, larger company stocks.

 

17


 

Ÿ REIT Tax Issues.    REITs are subject to a highly technical and complex set of provisions in the Code. It is possible that the Fund may invest in a real estate company which purports to be a REIT and that the company could fail to qualify as a REIT. In the event of any such unexpected failure to qualify as a REIT, the company would be subject to corporate-level taxation, significantly reducing the return to the Fund on its investment in such company.

 

 

See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Special Risks of Investing in the Real Estate Sector.”

 

 

General Risks of Investing in the Utility Sector.    The Fund may invest significantly in the securities of utility companies and may be susceptible to adverse economic or regulatory occurrences affecting that sector. Certain segments of this sector and individual companies within such segments may not perform as well as the sector as a whole. Issuers in the utility sector are subject to a variety of factors that may adversely affect their business or operations, including:

 

 

Ÿ high interest cost in connection with capital construction and improvement programs;

 

 

Ÿ difficulty in raising capital in adequate amounts on reasonable terms in periods of high inflation and unsettled capital markets;

 

 

Ÿ governmental regulation of rates charged to customers;

 

 

Ÿ costs associated with compliance with and changes in environmental and other regulations;

 

 

Ÿ effects of economic slowdowns and surplus capacity;

 

 

Ÿ increased competition from other providers of utility services;

 

 

Ÿ inexperience with and potential losses resulting from a developing deregulatory environment;

 

 

Ÿ costs associated with the reduced availability of certain types of fuel, occasionally reduced availability and high costs of natural gas for resale, and the effects of energy conservation policies;

 

 

Ÿ effects of a national energy policy and lengthy delays and greatly increased costs and other problems associated with the design, construction, licensing, regulation and operation of nuclear facilities for electric generation, including, among other considerations, the problems associated with the use of radioactive materials and the disposal of radioactive wastes;

 

 

Ÿ technological innovations that may render existing plants, equipment or products obsolete; and

 

 

Ÿ potential impact of terrorist activities on utility companies and their customers and the impact of natural or man-made disasters, including events such as the blackout that affected electric utility companies in many Mid-Atlantic and Midwest states in 2003.

 

18


 

Issuers in the utility sector may be subject to regulation by various governmental authorities and may be affected by the imposition of special tariffs and changes in tax laws, regulatory policies and accounting standards. In addition, there are substantial differences between the regulatory practices and policies of various jurisdictions, and any given regulatory agency may make major shifts in policy from time to time. There is no assurance that regulatory authorities will, in the future, grant rate increases or that such increases will be adequate to permit the payment of dividends on preferred or common stocks. Prolonged changes in climatic conditions can also have a significant impact on both the revenues of an electric or gas utility as well as its expenses. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—General Risks of Investing in the Utility Sector.”

 

 

An MLP generally has two classes of partners, the general partner and the limited partners. The general partner normally controls the MLP through an equity interest plus units that are subordinated to the common (publicly traded) units for an initial period and then only converting to common units if certain financial tests are met. Unlike stockholders of a corporation, common unit holders do not elect directors annually and generally have the right to vote only on certain significant events, such as mergers, a sale of substantially all of the partnership assets, removal of the general partner or material amendments to the partnership agreement. MLP common units trade on a national securities exchange or over-the-counter. MLP common units and other equity securities can be affected by macroeconomic and other factors affecting the stock market in general, expectations of interest rates, investor sentiment towards MLPs or the MLPs business sector, changes in a particular issuer’s financial condition, or unfavorable or unanticipated poor performance of a particular issuer (in the case of MLPs, generally measured in terms of distributable cash flow). Similar to other equity securities, prices of common units of individual MLPs can also be affected by fundamentals unique to the partnership or company, including earnings power and coverage ratios.

 

 

Special Risks Related to Preferred Securities.    There are special risks associated with investing in preferred securities, including:

 

 

Ÿ Deferral and Omission.    Preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer or omit distributions for a stated period without any adverse consequences to the issuer.

 

 

Ÿ Subordination.    Preferred securities are generally subordinated to bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure in terms of having priority to corporate income and liquidation payments, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than more senior debt instruments.

 

19


 

Ÿ Liquidity.    Preferred securities may be substantially less liquid than many other securities, such as common stocks or U.S. Government securities.

 

 

Ÿ Limited Voting Rights.    Generally, traditional preferred securities offer no voting rights with respect to the issuing company unless preferred dividends have been in arrears for a specified number of periods, at which time the preferred security holders may elect a number of directors to the issuer’s board.

 

 

Ÿ Special Redemption Rights.    In certain varying circumstances, an issuer of preferred securities may redeem the securities prior to a specified date.

 

 

Ÿ New Types of Securities.    From time to time, preferred securities, including hybrid-preferred securities, have been, and may in the future be, offered having features other than those described herein. The Fund reserves the right to invest in these securities if the Investment Manager believes that doing so would be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies. Since the market for these instruments would be new, the Fund may have difficulty disposing of them at a suitable price and time. In addition to limited liquidity, these instruments may present other risks, such as high price volatility.

 

 

See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Special Risks Related to Preferred Securities.”

 

 

General Risks of Investing in the Financial Services Sector.    The Fund may invest significantly in the securities of companies principally engaged in financial services and may be susceptible to adverse economic or regulatory occurrences affecting that sector. Companies in the financial services sector include commercial banks, industrial banks, savings institutions, finance companies, diversified financial services companies, investment banking firms, securities brokerage houses, investment advisory companies, leasing companies, insurance companies and companies providing similar services. There are risks associated with investing in the financial services sector, including:

 

  Ÿ  

financial services companies may suffer a setback if regulators change the rules under which they operate;

 

  Ÿ  

unstable interest rates can have a disproportionate effect on the financial services sector;

 

  Ÿ  

financial services companies whose securities the Fund may purchase may themselves have concentrated portfolios, such as a high level of loans to real estate developers, which makes them vulnerable to economic conditions that affect that sector; and

 

  Ÿ  

financial services companies have been affected by increased competition, which could adversely affect the profitability or viability of such companies.

 

20


 

See “Principal Risks of the Fund—General Risks of Investing in the Financial Services Sector.”

 

 

Risks of Investing in Closed-End Funds and Other Investment Companies.    Risks associated with investments in closed-end end funds generally include the risks described in this prospectus associated with the Fund’s structure as a closed-end investment company, including market risk, leverage risk, risk of market price discount from net asset value, risk of anti-takeover provisions and non-diversification. To the extent the Fund invests a portion of its assets in investment companies, including closed-end funds, ETFs and other types of investment companies, those assets will be subject to the risks of the purchased investment companies’ portfolio securities, and a stockholder in the Fund will bear not only his or her proportionate share of the Fund’s expenses, but also indirectly the expenses of the purchased investment companies. Common Shareholders would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. In addition, investments in closed-end funds may be subject to the following risks:

 

 

Ÿ Manager Risk.    The Fund’s investments in other closed-end funds are subject to the ability of the managers of the funds to achieve the funds’ investment objectives.

 

 

Ÿ Dilution Risk.    Strategies employed by a closed-end fund, such as rights offerings, may, under certain circumstances, have the effect of reducing its share price and the Fund’s proportionate interest.

 

 

Ÿ Foreign Closed-End Fund Risk.    Risks associated with investments in closed-end funds registered under foreign law may be different than those of investments in U.S. registered closed-end funds. Foreign registered funds are subject to a different regulatory regime that may be less rigorous than in the United States in areas such as governance and financial reporting requirements. There also may be less publicly available information about such funds, and investments in these funds may carry special tax consequences. In addition, foreign closed-end funds are generally subject to the risks of investing in other types of foreign securities.

 

 

Ÿ BDCs Risk.    Investments in closed-end funds that are BDCs may be subject to a high degree of risk. BDCs typically invest in small- and medium-sized companies that may not have access to public equity markets for capital raising. As a result, a BDC’s portfolio typically will include a substantial amount of securities purchased in private placements, and the portfolio may carry risks similar to those of a private equity or venture capital fund. Securities that are not publicly registered may be difficult to value and may be difficult to sell at a price representative of their intrinsic value.

 

 

See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Risks of Investing in Closed-End Funds and Other Investment Companies.”

 

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Covered Call Strategy Risk.    There are various risks associated with the Fund’s Covered Call Strategy. In effect, the Fund forgoes, during the life of the option, the opportunity to profit from increases in the market value of the underlying security or securities held by the Fund with respect to which the option was written above the sum of the premium. For index options, this will depend, in part, on the extent of correlation of the performance of the Fund’s portfolio securities with the performance of the relevant index. The Covered Call Strategy will generally limit the Fund’s ability to benefit from the full appreciation potential of its stock investments underlying the options, and the Fund retains the risk of loss (less premiums received) if the value of these stock invests declines. This combination of potentially limited appreciation and full depreciation over time may lead to erosion in the value of the Fund’s portfolio, and the Fund’s performance may be lower than it otherwise would have been if it did not use the Covered Call Strategy.

 

 

There are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets. A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events. In the case of index options, the Investment Manager will attempt to maintain for the Fund written call option positions on equity indexes whose price movements, taken in the aggregate, are closely correlated with the price movements of securities held in the Fund’s stock portfolio. However, this strategy involves significant risk that the changes in value of the indexes underlying the Fund’s written call option positions will not correlate closely with changes in the market value of the corresponding securities held by the Fund. To the extent that there is a lack of correlation, movements in the indexes underlying the options positions may result in net losses to the Fund (including at times when the market values of securities held by the Fund are declining) that exceed option premiums received and any increase in value of the Fund’s corresponding portfolio securities.

 

 

When the Fund writes listed or exchange-traded options, a liquid secondary market may not exist on an exchange when the Fund seeks to close out an option position. The value of options written by the Fund may be adversely affected if the market for the option is reduced or becomes illiquid. If trading were discontinued, the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist.

 

 

The Fund may write unlisted (over-the counter) options, particularly with respect to foreign securities and indexes. Over-the-counter options differ from listed or exchange-traded options in that they are two-party contracts, with price and other terms negotiated between buyer and seller, and generally do not have as much market liquidity

 

22


 

as exchange-traded options. In addition, the Fund’s ability to terminate over-the-counter options may be more limited than with exchange-traded options. In the event of default or insolvency of the counterparty, the Fund may be unable to liquidate an over-the-counter option position. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Covered Call Strategy Risk.”

 

 

The tax treatment of the Fund’s options activity will vary based on the nature and subject of the options. Gains from premiums on call options written (sold) on individual stocks, and on certain indexes received by the Fund are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option. If an option written by the Fund on an individual stock is exercised and the Fund sells or delivers the underlying stock, the Fund generally will recognize short-term or long-term capital gain or loss, depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. If the Fund recognizes gain or loss on such an option with respect to any termination of the Fund’s obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option and the related sale or delivery of the underlying stock, the gain or loss will be short-term gain or loss.

 

 

It is possible that certain of the index options written by the Fund will be subject to mark-to-market treatment, and gains or losses will be recognized based on the fair market value of such options at the end of the Fund’s taxable year (and, for purposes of the excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code); under this system, 60% of the gains or losses will be treated as long-term and 40% will be treated as short-term capital gains or losses. It is possible that certain of the call options and other instruments employed by the Fund (including purchased put options) will give rise to “straddles” under the Federal income tax rules. The straddle rules require the Fund to defer certain losses on positions within a straddle, and terminate or suspend the holding period for certain securities in which the Fund does not yet have a long-term holding period or has not yet satisfied the holding period required for qualified dividend income. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Covered Call Strategy Risk—Tax Risk” and “Taxation.”

 

 

Foreign Securities Risk.    Investments in foreign securities involve certain risks not involved in domestic investments. Securities markets in certain foreign countries are not as developed, efficient or liquid as securities markets in the United States. Therefore, the prices of foreign securities often are volatile. Certain foreign countries may impose restrictions on the ability of issuers of foreign securities to make payments of principal and interest to investors located outside the country, due to blockage of foreign currency exchanges or otherwise. Generally, there is less publicly available information about foreign companies due to less rigorous disclosure or accounting standards and regulatory practices. In addition, the Fund will be subject to risks associated with adverse political and economic developments in foreign

 

23


 

countries, which could cause the Fund to lose money on its investments in foreign securities.

 

 

The Fund may invest in securities of issuers located or doing substantial business in “emerging markets” (lesser developed countries). Because of less developed markets and economies and, in some countries, less mature governments and governmental institutions, the risks of investing in foreign securities can be intensified in the case of investments in issuers domiciled or doing substantial business in emerging market countries. These risks include high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of investors and financial intermediaries; political and social uncertainties; over-dependence on exports, especially with respect to primary commodities, making these economies vulnerable to changes in commodity prices; overburdened infrastructure and obsolete or unseasoned financial systems; environmental problems; less developed legal systems; and less reliable custodial services and settlement practices. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Foreign Securities Risk.”

 

 

Foreign Currency Risk.    Although the Fund will report its net asset value and pay dividends in U.S. dollars, foreign securities often are purchased with, and make dividend or interest payments in, foreign currencies. Therefore, when the Fund invests in foreign securities, it will be subject to foreign currency risk, which means that the Fund’s net asset value could decline as a result of changes in the exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar. Certain foreign countries may impose restrictions on the ability of issuers of foreign securities to make payments of principal and interest to investors located outside the country, due to blockage of foreign currency exchanges or otherwise.

 

 

Interest Rate Risk.    Interest rate risk is the risk that fixed-income securities such as preferred and debt securities, and to a lesser extent dividend-paying common stocks such as REIT common shares, will decline in value because of changes in market interest rates. When market interest rates rise, the market value of such securities generally will fall. Fixed income securities with longer periods before maturity are often more sensitive to interest rate changes. The Fund’s investment in such securities means that the net asset value and market price of the Common Shares may tend to decline if market interest rates rise. If the Fund is leveraged (i.e., borrows for investment purposes) it may be expected to have greater interest rate sensitivity.

 

 

During periods of declining interest rates, an issuer may be able to exercise an option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled, which is generally known as call or prepayment risk. If this occurs, the Fund may be forced to reinvest in lower yielding securities. This is known as reinvestment risk. Preferred and debt securities frequently have call features that allow the issuer to repurchase the security prior to its

 

24


 

stated maturity. An issuer may redeem an obligation if the issuer can refinance the debt at a lower cost due to declining interest rates or an improvement in the credit standing of the issuer. During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of certain types of securities may be extended because of slower than expected principal payments. This may lock in a below market interest rate, increase the security’s duration and reduce the value of the security. This is known as extension risk. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Interest Rate Risk.”

 

 

Convertible Securities Risk.    Although to a lesser extent than with nonconvertible fixed-income securities, the market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, tends to increase as interest rates decline. In addition, because of the conversion feature, the market value of convertible securities tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying common stock. A unique feature of convertible securities is that as the market price of the underlying common stock declines, convertible securities tend to trade increasingly on a yield basis, and so may not experience market value declines to the same extent as the underlying common stock. When the market price of the underlying common stock increases, the prices of the convertible securities tend to rise as a reflection of the value of the underlying common stock.

 

 

Credit Risk and Lower-Rated Securities Risk.    Credit risk is the risk that a security in the Fund’s portfolio will decline in price or the issuer will fail to make dividend, interest or principal payments when due because the issuer of the security experiences a decline in its financial status. Preferred securities normally are subordinated to bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure, in terms of priority to corporate income and claim to corporate assets, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than debt instruments. The Fund may invest in securities that are rated below investment grade. A security will be considered to be investment grade if, at the time of the investment, such security has a rating of “BBB” or higher by S&P, “Baa” or higher by Moody’s or an equivalent rating by a nationally recognized statistical rating agency or, if unrated, such security is determined by the Investment Manager to be of comparable quality. Lower-rated securities, or equivalent unrated securities, which are commonly known as “junk bonds,” generally involve greater volatility of price and risk of loss of income and principal, and may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than higher grade securities. Such securities may face major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. It is reasonable to expect that any adverse economic conditions could disrupt the market for lower-rated securities, have an adverse impact on the value of those securities and adversely affect the ability of the issuers of those securities to repay principal and interest on those securities. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Credit Risk and Lower-Rated Securities Risk.”

 

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Qualified Dividend Tax Risk.    There can be no assurance as to what portion of the distributions paid to the Fund’s stockholders will consist of tax-advantaged qualified dividend income. For taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, certain distributions designated by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of non-corporate shareholders at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met by both the Fund and the holders. Additional requirements apply in determining whether distributions by foreign issuers should be regarded as qualified dividend income. Certain investment strategies of the Fund will limit the Fund’s ability to meet these requirements and consequently will limit the amount of qualified dividend income received and distributed by the Fund. A change in the favorable provisions of the Federal tax laws with respect to qualified dividends may effect a widespread reduction in announced dividends and may adversely impact the valuation of the shares of dividend-paying companies.

 

 

Dividend Strategy Risk.    It is difficult to anticipate the level of dividends that companies will pay in any given timeframe. The use of a dividend capture strategy requires the Investment Manager to identify and exploit opportunities such as the announcement of major corporate actions, such as restructuring initiatives or a special dividend, that may lead to high current dividend income. These situations are typically not recurring in nature or frequency, may be difficult to predict and may not result in an opportunity from which the Fund can benefit. In addition, the dividend policies of the Fund’s target companies are heavily influenced by the current economic climate and the favorable Federal tax treatment afforded to dividends. Challenging economic conditions, affecting either the market as a whole or a specific investment in the Fund’s portfolio, may limit the opportunity to benefit from the current dividend policies of the companies in which the Fund invests or may cause such companies to reduce or eliminate their dividends. In addition, a change in the favorable provisions of the Federal tax laws may limit your ability to benefit from dividend increases or special dividends, may effect a widespread reduction in announced dividends and may adversely impact the valuation of the shares of dividend-paying companies. The use of dividend capture strategies will expose the Fund to increased trading costs and potential for capital loss or gain, particularly in the event of significant short-term price movements of stocks subject to dividend capture trading. In addition, dividend capture trades may be made without regard to whether any dividends may qualify for the reduced Federal income tax rates applicable to qualified dividends under the Code. As a result, there can be no assurance as to what portion of the Fund’s distributions will be designated as qualified dividend income.

 

 

Short Sale Risk.    When transacting a short sale, the Fund must borrow the security sold to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the

 

26


 

market price at the time of replacement, which may be higher or lower than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund. If the underlying security goes up in price during the period during which the short position is outstanding, the Fund will realize a loss. The Fund would also incur increased transaction costs associated with selling securities short. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Short Sale Risk.”

 

Strategic Transactions Risk.    Strategic Transactions have risks, including imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying assets, the possible default of the other party to the transaction or illiquidity of the derivative instruments. Furthermore, the ability to successfully use Strategic Transactions depends on the Investment Manager’s ability to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. Thus, the use of Strategic Transactions may result in losses greater than if they had not been used, may require the Fund to sell or purchase portfolio securities at inopportune times or for prices other than current market values, may limit the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on an investment, or may cause the Fund to hold a security that it might otherwise sell. Additionally, amounts paid by the Fund as premiums and cash or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to Strategic Transactions are not otherwise available to the Fund for investment purposes. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Strategic Transactions Risk.”

 

 

Senior Loans Risk.    The risks associated with senior loans are similar to the risks of junk bonds. Investments in senior loans are typically below investment grade and are considered speculative because of the credit risk of their issuers. There is no assurance that the liquidation of collateral would satisfy the claims of the borrower’s obligations in the event of the nonpayment of scheduled interest or principal, or that the collateral could be readily liquidated. Economic and other events (whether real or perceived) can reduce the demand for certain senior loans or senior loans generally, which may reduce market prices. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Senior Loans Risk.”

 

 

Mortgage-Related and Asset-Backed Securities Risk.    The risks associated with mortgage-related securities include: (1) credit risk; (2) adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, which are more likely to have an adverse impact on mortgage-related securities secured by loans on certain types of commercial properties than on those secured by loans on residential properties; (3) prepayment risk; (4) loss of all or part of the premium, if any, paid; and (5) decline in the market value of the security. In addition to the risks associated with mortgage-related securities, asset-backed securities do not have the same security interest in the underlying collateral and are more dependent on the borrower’s ability to pay. There is a possibility that recoveries on repossessed collateral may not, in some cases, be able to support payments on these securities. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Mortgage-Related and Asset-Backed Securities Risk.”

 

27


 

Risks of Securities Linked to the Energy Sector.    Closed-end funds selected from the Closed-End Funds Strategy may concentrate in the energy sector, which can be significantly affected by the supply of and demand for specific products and services, the supply and demand for oil and gas, the price of oil and gas, exploration and production spending, government regulation, world events and economic conditions. At times, the performance of securities of companies in the energy and natural resources sector will lag the performance of other sectors or the broader market as a whole. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Risks of Securities Linked to the Energy Sector.”

 

 

MLP Risk.    An investment in MLP units involves some risks that differ from an investment in the common stock of a corporation. Holders of MLP units have limited control on matters affecting the partnership. Investing in MLPs involves certain risks related to investing in the underlying assets of the MLPs and risks associated with pooled investment vehicles. MLPs holding credit-related investments are subject to interest rate risk and the risk of default on payment obligations by debt issuers. MLPs that concentrate in a particular industry or a particular geographic region are subject to risks associated with such industry or region. The benefit derived from our investment in MLPs is largely dependent on the MLPs being treated as partnerships for Federal income tax purposes. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—MLP Risk.”

 

Royalty and Income Trusts Risk.    Royalty and income trusts generally make single-sector or even single-enterprise investments, and their investments are therefore sensitive to business cycles, particularly real estate or commodities trusts. Royalty trusts and income trusts do not guarantee minimum distributions or even return of capital, and if a trust’s investments lose money, the trust can reduce or even eliminate distributions, which will typically be accompanied by a loss in the market value of trust units. Royalty trusts and income trusts frequently are found in Canada, and an investment in a Canadian trust will be subject to certain additional risks of investing in foreign securities. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Royalty and Income Trusts Risk.”

 

 

Restricted and Illiquid Securities Risk.    The Fund may invest up to 15% of its managed assets in restricted securities and other investments that may be illiquid. Illiquid securities are securities that are not readily marketable and may include some restricted securities, which are securities that may not be resold to the public without an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or, if they are unregistered, may be sold only in a privately negotiated transaction or pursuant to an exemption from registration. Illiquid investments involve the risk that the securities will not be able to be sold at the time desired by the Fund or at prices approximating the value at which the Fund is carrying the securities on its books.

 

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Leverage Risk.    The Fund intends to seek to enhance its dividend yield and total return potential through leverage of approximately 20% of its managed assets (including the amount obtained from leverage) through issuing preferred shares or through Borrowings and could engage in leverage up to the maximum permitted by the 1940 Act. Leverage is a speculative technique and there are special risks and costs associated with leveraging. If the Fund utilizes leverage, the fees paid to the Investment Manager for investment advisory and management services will be higher than if the Fund did not utilize leverage because the fees paid will be calculated based on the Fund’s managed assets, which include the liquidation preference of preferred shares and the principal amount of outstanding Borrowings used for leverage. For a more detailed description of the risks associated with leverage, see “Use of Leverage—Leverage Risk.”

 

 

Interest Rate Transactions Risk.    The Fund may enter into a swap or cap transaction to attempt to protect itself from increasing dividend or interest expenses resulting from increasing short-term interest rates on any leverage it incurs. A decline in interest rates may result in a decline in the value of the swap or cap, which may result in a decline in the net asset value of the Fund. A sudden and dramatic decline in interest rates may result in a significant decline in the net asset value of the Fund.

 

 

Risk of Market Price Discount from Net Asset Value.    Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their net asset value. This characteristic is a risk separate and distinct from the risk that net asset value could decrease as a result of investment activities and may be greater for investors expecting to sell their shares in a relatively short period following completion of this offering. We cannot predict whether the Common Shares will trade at, above or below net asset value. Net asset value will be reduced immediately following the offering of Common Shares by the sales load and the amount of organizational and offering expenses paid by the Fund. The expenses of any preferred stock issuance by the Fund would be borne by Common Shareholders, which will result in a reduction of the net asset value of the Common Shares. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Risk of Market Price Discount From Net Asset Value.”

Additional Risk Considerations

Portfolio Turnover Risk.    The techniques and strategies contemplated by the Fund might result in a high degree of portfolio turnover. Although the Fund cannot accurately predict its annual portfolio turnover rate, it may be greater than 100%. There are no limits on the rate of portfolio turnover, and investments may be sold without regard to length of time held when the Fund’s investment strategy so dictates. Higher portfolio turnover rates would result in corresponding increases in brokerage commissions and may generate short-term capital gains taxable as ordinary income.

 

 

Inflation Risk.    Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be worth less in the future as inflation

 

29


 

decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the Common Shares and distributions can decline and the dividend or interest payments in connection with any leverage used by the Fund may increase. See “Additional Risk Considerations—Inflation Risk.”

 

 

Non-Diversified Status.    Because we, as a non-diversified investment company, may invest in a smaller number of individual issuers than a diversified investment company, an investment in the Fund presents greater risk to you than an investment in a diversified company. We intend to comply with the diversification requirements of the Code applicable to regulated investment companies. See “Additional Risk Considerations—Non-Diversified Status.” See also “Taxation” in the SAI.

 

 

Risk of Anti-Takeover Provisions.    Certain provisions of our Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws could have the effect of limiting the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to modify our structure. The provisions may have the effect of depriving you of an opportunity to sell your shares at a premium over prevailing market prices and may have the effect of inhibiting conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company. See “Certain Provisions of the Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws” and “Additional Risk Considerations—Risk of Anti-Takeover Provisions.”

 

 

Market Disruption Risk.    The aftermath of the war in Iraq and the continuing occupation of Iraq, instability in the Middle East and terrorist attacks in the United States and around the world have resulted in recent market volatility and may have long-term effects on worldwide financial markets and may cause further economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide. The Fund does not know how long the securities markets would be affected by similar events in the future.

 

Investment Manager

Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc. is the investment manager of the Fund pursuant to an Investment Management Agreement. The Investment Manager was formed in 1986, and as of March 31, 2007 had $33.6 billion in assets under management. Its clients include pension plans, endowment funds and registered investment companies, including some of the largest open-end and closed-end real estate funds. The Investment Manager is a wholly owned subsidiary of Cohen & Steers, Inc., a publicly traded company whose common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “CNS.” The Investment Manager will be responsible for the overall management of the Fund’s portfolio and for the supervision and ongoing monitoring of the Fund’s subadvisors (the “Subadvisors”), Cohen & Steers Europe S.A. (“CNS Europe”), Cohen & Steers Asia Limited (“CNS Asia”) and Cohen & Steers UK Limited (“CNS UK”). Each of the Subadvisors is a direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Investment Manager’s parent company, Cohen & Steers, Inc. (“CNS”). References in this

 

30


 

prospectus to activities and responsibilities of the Investment Manager may be performed by one or more of the Subadvisors. The Investment Manager also will have responsibility for providing administrative services and assisting the Fund with operational needs pursuant to an Administration Agreement. In accordance with the terms of the Administration Agreement, the Fund has entered into an agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street Bank”) to perform certain administrative functions subject to the supervision of the Investment Manager. See “Management of the Fund—Administration and Sub-Administration Agreement.”

 

Fees and Expenses

The Fund will pay the Investment Manager a monthly fee computed at the annual rate of 1.00% of average daily managed assets (i.e., the net asset value of Common Shares plus the liquidation preference of any preferred shares and the principal amount of any borrowings used for leverage). See “Management of the Fund—Investment Manager.” If the Fund utilizes leverage, the fees paid to the Investment Manager and the Subadvisors for investment advisory and management services will be higher than if the Fund did not utilize leverage because the fees paid will be calculated based on the Fund’s managed assets, which include the liquidation preference of preferred shares and the principal amount of outstanding Borrowings used for leverage. The Fund’s investment management fees and other expenses are paid only by the Common Shareholders, and not by holders of the preferred shares. See “Use of Leverage.”

 

Listing and Symbol

The Common Shares have been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to notice of issuance, under the symbol “INB.”

 

Dividends and Distributions

Subject to the determination of the Board of Directors to implement a Managed Dividend Policy (as defined below), commencing with the Fund’s first dividend, the Fund intends to make regular monthly cash distributions to Common Shareholders at a level rate based on the projected performance of the Fund, which rate is a fixed dollar amount which may be adjusted from time to time (a “Level Rate Distribution Policy”). The tax treatment and characterization of the Fund’s distributions may vary significantly from time to time because of the varied nature of the Fund’s investments. Although the Fund intends to make distributions monthly, the ultimate tax characterization of the Fund’s distributions made in a taxable year cannot be determined finally until after the end of that taxable year. In addition, at least annually, the Fund intends to distribute all of its net realized capital gains. The Fund expects to declare the initial monthly dividend on the Common Shares within approximately 45 days, and to pay approximately 60 to 75 days, from the completion of this offering depending on market conditions. At times, to maintain a stable level of distributions, the Fund may pay out less than all of its net investment income or pay out accumulated undistributed income, or return capital, in addition to current net investment income.

 

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The Fund, the Investment Manager and all of the existing closed-end funds managed by the Investment Manager have filed an exemptive application with the Securities and Exchange Commission seeking an order under the 1940 Act facilitating the implementation of a dividend policy that may include multiple long-term capital gains distributions (“Managed Dividend Policy”). However, there is no assurance that exemptive relief will ultimately be granted. As a result, the Fund may not be in a position to include long-term capital gains in Fund distributions more frequently than is permitted under the 1940 Act, thus leaving the Fund with the possibility of variability in distributions (and their tax attributes). If the requested relief is received, the Fund may, subject to the determination of its Board of Directors, implement a Managed Dividend Policy. Under a Managed Dividend Policy, if, for any distribution, net investment income and net realized capital gains were less than the amount of the distribution, the difference would be distributed from the Fund’s assets and would constitute a return of capital, which is tax-free to the Common Shareholders, up to the amount of the stockholder’s tax basis in the applicable Common Shares, with any amounts exceeding such basis treated as gain from the sale of such Common Shares.

 

 

A Level Rate Distribution Policy or a Managed Dividend Policy would result in the payment of distributions in approximately the same amount or percentage to Common Shareholders each month. If the source of the dividend or other distribution were the original capital contribution of the Common Shareholder, and the payment amounted to a return of capital, the Fund would be required to provide written disclosure to that effect. Nevertheless, Common Shareholders who periodically receive the payment of a dividend or other distribution may be under the impression that they are receiving net profits when they are not. Common Shareholders should read any written disclosure regarding dividends or other distributions carefully, and should not assume that the source of any distribution from the Fund is net profits. See “Dividends and Distributions.”

 

Dividend Reinvestment Plan

The Fund has a dividend reinvestment plan (the “Plan”) commonly referred to as an “opt-out” plan. Each Common Shareholder who participates in the Plan will have all distributions of dividends and capital gains automatically reinvested in additional Common Shares. Common Shareholders who elect not to participate in the Plan will receive all distributions in cash. Stockholders whose Common Shares are held in the name of a broker or nominee should contact the broker or nominee to determine whether and how they may participate in the Plan. See “Dividends and Distributions—Dividend Reinvestment Plan” and “Taxation.”

 

Custodian, Transfer Agent, Dividend Disbursing Agent and Registrar

State Street Bank will act as custodian, and The Bank of New York will act as transfer agent, dividend disbursing agent and registrar for the Fund. See “Custodian, Transfer Agent, Dividend Disbursing Agent and Registrar.”

 

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SUMMARY OF FUND EXPENSES

The purpose of the following table is to help you understand the fees and expenses that you, as a Common Shareholder, would bear directly or indirectly. The expenses shown in the table are based on estimated amounts for the Fund’s first year of operations, unless otherwise indicated, and assume that the Fund issues 22,500,000 Common Shares. See “Management of the Fund.” The Fund is authorized to issue preferred shares and borrow from financial institutions in an aggregate amount of 20% of the Fund’s total capital after such issuance and Borrowings. The expenses in the table assume the issuance of preferred shares in an amount equal to 20% of the Fund’s total capital (after issuance), and the tables shows Fund expenses both as a percentage of net assets attributable to Common Shares and, in footnote 5, as a percentage of net assets attributable to Common Shares, assuming no leverage.

Stockholder Transaction Expenses

 

Sales load paid by you (as a percentage of offering price)

   4.50%  

Expenses borne by the Fund (as a percentage of offering price)

   .20% (1)(2)

Dividend reinvestment plan fees

   None  
     Percentage of
Net Assets Attributable to
Common Shares(5)
 

Annual Expenses

  

Investment management fees

   1.25%  

Other expenses

   .38%  

Acquired fund fees and expenses(3)

   .17%  

Interest payments on borrowed funds(4)

   None  

Total annual Fund operating expenses

   1.80%  

(1)   The Investment Manager also has agreed to pay all organizational expenses and offering costs (other than the sales load but including the $.00667 per Common Share partial reimbursement of expenses to the underwriters) that exceed $.04 per Common Share (.20% of the offering price).
(2)   If the Fund issues preferred shares, costs of such issuance, estimated to be 1.5% of the total amount of the issuance, will be effectively borne by Common Shareholders, and will result in a reduction of the net asset value of the Common Shares. Assuming the issuance of preferred shares in an amount equal to 20% of the Fund’s total capital (after such issuance), those offering costs are estimated to be approximately $1,380,000, or $.06 per Common Share (.31% of the offering price of the Common Shares).
(3)   Fund investors will bear indirectly the fees and expenses (including advisory fees and other operating expenses) of any investment companies in which the Fund invests. For purposes of this calculation, the Investment Manager assumed that 10% of the Fund’s portfolio will be invested in acquired funds, although such percentage may vary over time.
(4)   In the event the Fund utilizes Borrowings in an amount equal to approximately 20% of the Fund’s total capital after such Borrowings, it is estimated that, as a percentage of net assets attributable to Common Shares, the Investment management fees would be 1.25%, Other expenses would be .33%, Acquired fund fees and expenses would be .17%, Interest payments on borrowed funds (assuming an interest rate of 6.00%, which interest rate is subject to change based on prevailing market conditions) would be 1.50% and Total annual Fund operating expenses would be 3.25%. Based on the Total annual Fund operating expenses and in accordance with the example below, the expenses for years 1, 3, 5 and 10 would be $78, $142, $209 and $385, respectively.

 

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(5)   If the Fund does not issue preferred shares or borrow from financial institutions or otherwise use leverage, the Fund’s estimated annual expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to Common Shares) would be:

 

Investment management fees

   1.00%

Other expenses

   .27%

Acquired fund fees and expenses(6)

   .14%

Interest payments on borrowed funds

   None

Total annual fund operating expenses

   1.41%

 

(6)   See footnote (3) above.

The following example illustrates the hypothetical expenses (including the sales load of $45 and estimated offering expenses of this offering of $2 and the estimate offering expenses of the issuance of preferred shares in an aggregate amount equal to 20% of the Fund’s total capital (after issuance) of $1,380,000) that you would pay on a $1,000 investment in Common Shares, assuming (i) annual expenses of 1.80% of net assets attributable to Common Shares (which assumes the Fund’s use of leverage through the issuance of preferred shares in an aggregate amount equal to 20% of the Fund’s total capital (after issuance)) and (ii) a 5% annual return on net assets:

 

     1 Year    3 Years    5 Years    10 Years

Total Expenses Incurred

   $ 68    $ 104    $ 143    $ 251

The above example should not be considered a representation of future expenses. Actual expenses may be higher or lower. The example assumes that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at net asset value. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those assumed. Moreover, the Fund’s actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example. Assuming the Fund does not use leverage, the illustrated expenses in the example above would be $61, $90, $120 and $208 for years 1, 3, 5 and 10, respectively.

 

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THE FUND

Cohen & Steers Global Income Builder, Inc. is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. We were organized as a Maryland corporation on April 10, 2007 and are registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act. As a newly organized entity, we have no operating history. Our principal office is located at 280 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017, and our telephone number is (212) 832-3232.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate the net proceeds of this offering, after deducting organization expenses and offering costs (other than the sales load but including the $.00667 per Common Share partial reimbursement of expenses to the underwriters) that do not exceed $.04 per Common Share, to be $428,850,000, or $493,177,500 assuming exercise of the overallotment option in full. The net proceeds will be invested in accordance with the policies set forth under “Investment Objective and Policies.” A portion of the organization and offering expenses of the Fund has been advanced by the Investment Manager and will be repaid by the Fund upon closing of this offering. The Investment Manager will incur and be responsible for all of the Fund’s organization expenses and offering costs (other than the sales load but including the $.00667 per Common Share partial reimbursement of expenses to the underwriters) that exceed $.04 per Common Share.

We estimate that the net proceeds of this offering will be fully invested in accordance with our investment objective and policies within three to six months of the initial public offering. Pending such investments, those proceeds may be invested in U.S. Government securities or high-quality, short-term money market instruments. See “Investment Objective and Policies.”

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES

Overview

Our investment objective is total return, with an emphasis on high current income. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

The Investment Manager will construct the Fund’s investment portfolio primarily by allocating the Fund’s assets to selections from the Select Strategies—the five proprietary strategies used by the Investment Manager in managing other established Cohen & Steers portfolios. Allocations and reallocations of the Fund’s assets to the Select Strategies will be determined by the Investment Manager’s senior portfolio managers in accordance with market conditions and available investment opportunities. Three primary factors will be considered in determining portfolio allocation: income potential, total return potential and diversification. The five proprietary strategies are:

 

  Ÿ  

Global Large Cap Strategy: dividend paying common stocks of large capitalization companies with potential for attractive and sustainable dividend growth issued by companies across a variety of industries and sectors

 

  Ÿ  

Global Real Estate Strategy: real estate securities, including REITs or REIT-like structures

 

  Ÿ  

Global Utility Strategy: common stocks and other equity securities issued by utility companies and MLPs

 

  Ÿ  

Global Preferred Strategy: preferred securities, including traditional preferred securities and hybrid-preferred securities

 

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  Ÿ  

Closed-End Funds Strategy: common stocks of closed-end funds that invest significantly in equity or income-producing securities

The Fund intends to focus primarily on securities selected from the Global Large Cap Strategy. Based on current market conditions, the Fund initially is expected to have 60% of its managed assets allocated to the Global Large Cap Strategy and 40% of its managed assets allocated among the Global Real Estate, Global Utility, Global Preferred and Closed-End Funds Strategies, although allocations among the Select Strategies will vary over time based on market conditions, perhaps significantly. The Fund may not be invested in securities from all of the Select Strategies at all times.

The Fund also intends to write (sell) index and stock options on a portion of its portfolio with the intention of earning option premiums (Covered Call Strategy). Option premiums generate current income and may help to increase distributable income, although there can be no assurance this will be achieved. Initially, the Fund intends to write options having an aggregate notional value equal to 40% to 60% of the value of the Fund’s portfolio, although the percentage will vary over time based on market conditions. The Covered Call Strategy is designed to contribute to total return while moderating volatility of those returns thereby reducing portfolio volatility, although option writing will reduce the potential to benefit from any appreciation in the portion of the Fund’s stock portfolio with respect to which options are written. The Fund generally intends to write call options that are “at-the-money,” meaning the exercise price of the option is equal to the value of the underlying index or stock when the option is written, or “close-to-the-money,” meaning the exercise price of the options is close to current cash value of the underlying index or the market value of the underlying security when the option is written.

The Fund also may seek to increase its current income through dividend capture trading. In dividend capture trading, the Fund sells a stock on or shortly after the stock’s ex-dividend date and uses the sale proceeds to purchase one or more other stocks that are expected to pay dividends before the next dividend payment on the stock being sold. Through this strategy, the Fund may receive more dividend payments over a given period of time than if it held a single stock.

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest significantly (at least 40%—unless market conditions are not deemed favorable by the Investment Manager, in which case the Fund would invest at least 30%) in companies organized or located outside the United States or doing a substantial amount of business outside the United States, including direct investments in securities of such issuers and investments in depositary receipts (such as ADRs) that represent indirect interests in securities of foreign issuers. The Fund will allocate its assets among various regions and countries, including the United States (but in no less than three countries).

The Fund also may invest without limit in securities that at the time of investment are rated below investment grade or that are unrated but judged to be below investment grade by the Investment Manager (and may invest in securities rated as low as the lowest rating issued by S&P or Moody’s (or the unrated equivalents). These below investment grade securities are commonly referred to as “junk bonds” and are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the payment of interest and repayment of principal. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Credit Risk and Lower-Rated Securities Risk.” A security will be considered investment grade quality if it is rated “BBB” or higher by S&P, “Baa” or higher by Moody’s or an equivalent rating by a nationally recognized statistical rating agency, or is unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Investment Manager. The Fund’s credit quality policies apply only at the time a security is purchased, and the Fund is not required to dispose of a security if a rating agency downgrades its assessment of the credit characteristics of a particular issue. In determining whether to retain or sell a security that a rating agency has downgraded, the Investment Manager may consider such factors as its assessment of the credit quality of the issuer of the security, the price at which the security could be sold and the rating, if any, assigned to the security by other rating agencies. Appendix A to the SAI contains a general description of S&P’s and Moody’s ratings of securities. The Fund will not invest in securities which are in default at the time of purchase. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its managed assets in illiquid securities (i.e., securities that are not readily marketable).

 

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Investment Portfolio

Select Strategies

Global Large Cap Strategy

In selecting common stocks of large capitalization companies (companies with market capitalizations similar to those companies included in the Russell 1000 Value Index) in its Global Large Cap Strategy, the Investment Manager first seeks to identify attractive businesses by industry through identification of key industry drivers and evaluation of each company’s business model, market position and management team. Then a number of additional screens are applied to assess a company’s dividend growth potential as well as the sustainability of that growth, including analysis of dividend history, free cash flow and dividend payout ratios. Once this fundamental research has been completed and the universe of companies has been narrowed, a dividend discount model is employed to determine the present value of a future stream of a company’s dividend payments to identify stocks the Investment Manager believes are undervalued relative to their long-term growth prospects. This model assists in both quantifying discounts to target prices and determining individual stock and sector weightings.

The Global Large Cap Strategy may include some securities that do not meet the Investment Manager’s normal investment criteria for the strategy, as described above, when the Investment Manager perceives an unusual opportunity for appreciation. These special situations might arise when the Investment Manager believes a security could increase in value for a variety of reasons, including a change in management, an extraordinary corporate event or a temporary imbalance in the supply of or demand for the securities.

In an effort to mitigate risk, the Investment Manager adheres to a sell discipline in its Global Large Cap Strategy that helps to identify when to begin scaling out of a position that no longer meets the strategy’s investment criteria. Considerations include change in company management or strategy, change in dividend policy, invalid investment thesis, stock price approaching target price, deterioration of company fundamentals or changing industry considerations.

Global Real Estate Strategy

The Global Real Estate Strategy focuses on real estate securities of U.S. and non-U.S. companies, including common stocks, preferred securities and other debt securities issued by real estate companies, such as REITs or REIT-like structures. In selecting common stocks and other equity securities for its Global Real Estate Strategy, including securities of REITs, the Investment Manager adheres to an integrated, bottom-up, relative value investment process. A proprietary valuation model ranks real estate securities on price-to-net asset value, which the Investment Manager believes is the primary determinant of real estate security valuation, and guides a bottom-up portfolio construction process. The Investment Manager’s analysts incorporate both quantitative and qualitative analysis in their net asset value estimates. The company research process includes an evaluation of management, strategy, property quality, financial strength and corporate structure. In addition to the net asset value model, the Investment Manager’s portfolio managers may use secondary valuation tools including cash flow multiple/growth or discounted cash flow models. Judgments with respect to risk control, diversification, liquidity and other factors overlay the model’s output and drive the portfolio managers’ investment decisions.

Global Utility Strategy

The Global Utility Strategy focuses on common stocks and other equity securities issued by utility companies and MLPs. In selecting common stocks and other equity securities for its Global Utility Strategy, the Investment Manager relies on a fundamental analysis of each company. Securities are evaluated for their potential to provide an attractive total return through a combination of dividend yield and capital appreciation. The Investment Manager reviews each company’s potential for success in light of general economic and industry

 

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trends, as well as the company’s quality of management, financial condition, business plan, industry and sector market position, dividend payout ratio and corporate governance. The Investment Manager utilizes a value-oriented approach, and evaluates each company’s valuation on the basis of relative price/cash flow and price/earnings multiples, earnings growth rate, dividend yield and price/book value, among other metrics.

Global Preferred Strategy

The Global Preferred Strategy may include investment in traditional preferred securities issued by entities taxable as a corporation, as well as hybrid preferred securities. In selecting preferred securities, the Investment Manager seeks to select securities it believes are undervalued on the basis of risk and return profiles). In making this determination, the Investment Manager evaluates the fundamental characteristics of an issuer, including an issuer’s creditworthiness, and also takes into account prevailing market factors. In analyzing credit quality, the Investment Manager considers not only fundamental analysis, but also an issuer’s corporate and capital structure and the placement of the preferred or debt securities within that structure. The Investment Manager also takes into account other factors, such as call and other structural features, momentum and other exogenous signals (i.e., the likely directions of ratings) and relative value versus other income security classes.

Closed-End Funds Strategy

The Closed-End Funds Strategy focuses on common stock of closed-end funds generally focus on equity or income-producing securities, sectors or strategies, such as dividend strategies, covered call option strategies, total return strategies, dividend capture strategies, general equities (including both dividend and non-dividend paying equities), limited duration strategies, convertible securities, preferred securities, high yield securities and real estate, energy, utility, MLP and other equity or income-oriented strategies. Closed-end funds included in this strategy also may include BDCs, which are a type of closed-end fund under the 1940 Act, that typically invests in small- and medium-sized companies that may not have access to public equity markets for capital raising. The Closed-End Funds Strategy also may include investments in royalty and income trusts. These trusts generally make single-sector or even single-enterprise investments, and their investments are therefore sensitive to business cycles, particularly real estate or commodities trusts. The Fund will not invest in other closed-end funds managed by the Investment Manager.

Covered Call Strategy

Call options are contracts representing the right to receive the current value of the underlying index at the exercise price or to purchase the underlying security at or before the expiration date. The values of options are determined by trading activity in the broad options markets and will be affected by, among other factors, changes in the value of the underlying securities (including those comprising an index) in relation to the exercise price, changes in dividend rates of underlying securities, changes in interest or currency rates, changes in actual or perceived volatility of the stock market and the time remaining until the expiration date. As the writer (seller) of a call option, the Fund would receive cash (the premium) from the purchaser of the option, and the purchaser would have the right to receive from the Fund the cash value of the underlying index or any appreciation in the underlying security over the exercise price on the expiration date or otherwise upon exercise. In effect, the Fund forgoes, during the life of the option, the opportunity to profit from increases in the market value of the underlying security or securities held by the Fund with respect to which the option was written above the sum of the premium and the exercise price. For index options, this will depend, in part, on the extent of correlation of the performance of the Fund’s portfolio securities with the performance of the relevant index. The Covered Call Strategy will generally limit the Fund’s ability to benefit from the full appreciation potential of its stock investments underlying the options, and the Fund retains the risk of loss (less premiums received) if the value of these stock investments declines. The Fund’s written call options on individual stocks will be “covered” because the Fund will hold the underlying stock in its portfolio throughout the term of the option. The Fund also will “cover” its written index call option positions by either segregating liquid assets in an amount equal to the

 

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contract value of the index or by entering into offsetting positions. The Fund will not write options with respect to individual stocks that are not held in the Fund’s portfolio.

The transaction costs of buying and selling options consist primarily of the bid-ask spread and commissions (imposed in opening, closing, exercise, and assignment transactions). Transaction costs may be higher for transactions effected in foreign markets than for transactions effected in U.S. markets. Transaction costs will decrease the amount of any gain or increase the amount of any loss the Fund realizes on an option. The Fund may seek to close out (terminate) a call option it has written by buying an offsetting option or, in the case of some over-the-counter options, agreeing with the option purchaser to terminate the transaction prior to its expiration date. If the Fund terminates an option prior to its expiration, the Fund will have to make a cash payment equal to the value of the option and may incur additional transaction costs. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to close out an option written by it at any particular time or at a favorable price.

The Fund generally intends to write call options that are “at-the-money” (the exercise price of the option is equal to the value of the underlying index or stock when the option is written) or “close-to-the-money” (with an exercise price close to current cash value of the underlying index or the market value of the underlying security when the option is written), but reserves the flexibility to write options that are more substantially “out-of-the-money” (with an exercise price above the current cash value of the underlying index or the market value of the underlying security when the option is written) or are “in-the-money” (with an exercise price below the current cash value of the underlying index or market value of the underlying security when the option is written), based on market conditions and other factors. When the value of the index or individual security with respect to which a call option is written rises, a call option that was at-or out-of-the-money when written may become in-the-money, thereby increasing the likelihood that the option could be exercised and the Fund forced to pay the amount of appreciation above the exercise price of the option upon exercise and/or to sell the underlying security or securities. The premium, the exercise price and the market value of the applicable security or index will determine the gain or loss realized by the Fund.

An equity index assigns relative values to the securities included in the index (which change periodically), and the index fluctuates with changes in the market values of those securities. An index option relates to the securities included in that index. The exercise of an index option requires a cash payment and does not involve the actual purchase or sale of securities. The Fund may write call options on “broad-based” equity indexes, as well as on narrower market indexes, such as those in respect of select sectors. The Fund also may write options on ETFs and other similar instruments designed to correlate with the performance of an equity index or market segment. Initially, the Fund intends to write call options on the S&P 500 Composite Stock Price Index and at least one broad-based foreign stock index and may also write options on select sectors and single stocks. The Fund is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by any index sponsor, and no index sponsor is making any representation regarding the advisability of investing in the Fund. For tax purposes, 60% of the gains or losses from some (but not all) equity index call options are treated as long-term capital gains or losses for Federal income tax purposes (with 40% being treated as short-term capital gains or losses), whereas all gains and losses from call options on individual securities are treated as short-term capital gains or losses (unless the option is actually exercised after the security, or any related “substantially similar” security or other property, is treated for Federal income tax purposes as having been held by the Fund for more than a year). See “Taxation.”

The Fund may write listed/exchange-traded options contracts, as well as unlisted (over-the-counter) options, particularly with respect to options on foreign securities or indexes. Listed option contracts in the United States are originated and standardized by the Options Clearing Corporation (the “OCC”). Listed call options are currently traded on the American Stock Exchange, Chicago Board Options Exchange, New York Stock Exchange and various other U.S. exchanges, as well as on various foreign exchanges. Over-the-counter options are not originated and standardized by the OCC or any other exchange or clearinghouse, and are not listed and traded on an options exchange, and therefore involve increased liquidity, counterparty and other risks. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Covered Call Strategy Risks—Over-The-Counter Options Risk.”

 

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Conventional call options have expiration dates that can generally be up to nine months from the date the call options are first listed for trading. Longer-term call options can have expiration dates up to three years from the date of listing. The call options the Fund intends to write may be either “European-style” options, which may be exercised only during a specified period of time just prior to the expiration date, or “American-style” options, which may be exercised at any time between the date of purchase and the expiration date.

Portfolio Composition

Our portfolio will be composed principally of the following investments. A more detailed description of our investment policies and restrictions and more detailed information about our portfolio investments are contained in the SAI.

Portfolio Securities from the Select Strategies

Common Stock

Common stocks represent the residual ownership interest in the issuer, and holders of common stock are entitled to the income and increase in the value of the assets and business of the issuer after all of its debt obligations and obligations to preferred stockholders are satisfied. Common stocks generally have voting rights. Common stocks fluctuate in price in response to many factors including historical and prospective earnings of the issuer, the value of its assets, general economic conditions, interest rates, investor perceptions and market liquidity.

Securities Issued by Real Estate Companies

A real estate company, as described in this prospectus, is one that derives at least 50% of its revenues from the ownership, construction, financing, management or sale of commercial, industrial or residential real estate or has at least 50% of its assets in such real estate.

REITs are companies that own interests in real estate or in real estate related loans or other interests. A REIT in the United States is generally not taxed on income distributed to shareholders so long as it meets certain tax related requirements, including the requirement that it distribute substantially all of its taxable income to such shareholders. Some countries have a REIT structure very similar to the United States. Other countries have REIT structures that are different from the United States in terms of tax requirements/benefits or scope of qualifying business activities. In addition, there are other countries that have not adopted a REIT structure in any form, although some of these countries are considering adopting a REIT structure. The Fund may invest a significant percentage of its portfolio in REITs and REIT-like entities. However, the Fund may also invest a significant percentage of its portfolio in other real estate companies. REITs can generally be classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs and hybrid REITs. Equity REITs, which invest the majority of their assets directly in real property, receive their income primarily from rent derived from owned, income producing real estate properties and capital gains from the sale of such properties. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains, subject to certain limitations under the Code, by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs, which invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages, derive their income primarily from interest payments. Hybrid REITs combine the characteristics of both equity REITs and mortgage REITs. Generally, dividends paid by the U.S. real estate securities in which the Fund intends to invest will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction (“DRD”) and are generally not considered qualified dividend income eligible for reduced rates of taxation.

Utility Company Securities

Utility companies, as described in this prospectus, derive at least 50% of their revenues from, or have at least 50% of their assets committed to, the generation, transmission, sale or distribution of electric energy;

 

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distribution, purification and treatment of water; production, transmission or distribution of natural gas; or provision of communications services, including cable television, satellite, microwave, radio, telephone and other communications media.

Master Limited Partnerships

An MLP is a publicly traded company organized as a limited partnership or limited liability company and treated as a partnership for Federal income tax purposes. MLPs may derive income and gains from the exploration, development, mining or production, processing, refining, transportation (including pipelines transporting gas, oil, or products thereof), or the marketing of any mineral or natural resources. MLPs generally have two classes of owners, the general partner and limited partners. The general partner of an MLP is typically owned by one or more of the following: a major energy company, an investment fund, or the direct management of the MLP. The general partner may be structured as a private or publicly traded corporation or other entity. The general partner typically controls the operations and management of the MLP through an up to 2% equity interest in the MLP plus, in many cases, ownership of common units and subordinated units. Limited partners own the remainder of the partnership, through ownership of common units, and have a limited role in the partnership’s operations and management. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—MLP Risk.”

Preferred Securities

There are two basic types of preferred securities. The first, sometimes referred to in this prospectus as traditional preferred securities, consists of preferred stock issued by an entity taxable as a corporation. Preferred stocks are considered equity securities. The second basic type is referred to in this prospectus as hybrid-preferred securities. Hybrid-preferred securities may be issued by corporations, generally in the form of interest-bearing notes with preferred securities characteristics, or by an affiliated trust or partnership of the corporation, generally in the form of preferred interests in subordinated debentures or similarly structured securities. The hybrid-preferred securities market consists of both fixed and adjustable coupon rate securities that are either perpetual in nature or have stated maturity dates. Hybrid-preferred securities are considered debt securities. The Investment Manager also considers senior debt perpetual issues, as well as exchange-listed senior debt issues that trade with attributes of exchange-listed perpetual and hybrid-preferred securities to be part of the broader preferred securities market. Initially, the preferred securities component of the Fund will be comprised primarily of taxable preferred securities.

Traditional Preferred Securities. Traditional preferred securities pay fixed or floating dividends to investors and have “preference” over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of a company’s assets. This means that a company must pay dividends on preferred stock before paying any dividends on its common stock. In order to be payable, distributions on such preferred securities must be declared by the issuer’s board of directors. Income payments on typical preferred securities currently outstanding are cumulative, causing dividends and distributions to accumulate even if not declared by the board of directors or otherwise made payable. In such a case, all accumulated dividends must be paid before any dividend on the common stock can be paid. However, some traditional preferred stocks are non-cumulative, in which case dividends do not accumulate and need not ever be paid. The Fund may invest in non-cumulative preferred securities, whereby the issuer does not have an obligation to make up any arrearages to its stockholders. Should an issuer of a non-cumulative preferred stock held by the Fund determine not to pay dividends on such stock, the amount of dividends the Fund pays may be adversely affected. There is no assurance that dividends or distributions on the traditional preferred securities in which the Fund invests will be declared or otherwise made payable. Preferred stockholders usually have no right to vote for corporate directors or on other matters. Shares of traditional preferred securities have a liquidation preference that generally equals the original purchase price at the date of issuance. The market value of preferred securities may be affected by favorable and unfavorable changes impacting companies in the utilities and financial services sectors, which are prominent issuers of preferred securities, and by actual and anticipated changes in tax laws, such as changes in corporate income tax rates. Because the claim on an issuer’s earnings represented by traditional preferred securities may become

 

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onerous when interest rates fall below the rate payable on such securities, the issuer may redeem the securities. Thus, in declining interest rate environments in particular, the Fund’s holdings of higher rate-paying fixed rate preferred securities may be reduced and the Fund may be unable to acquire securities of comparable credit quality paying comparable rates with the redemption proceeds.

Pursuant to the DRD, corporations may generally deduct 70% of the income they receive from dividends on traditional preferred securities that are paid out of earnings and profits of the issuer. Corporate stockholders of a regulated investment company like the Fund generally are permitted to claim a deduction with respect to that portion of their distributions attributable to amounts received by the regulated investment company that qualify for the DRD. However, not all traditional preferred securities pay dividends that are eligible for the DRD, including preferred securities issued by REITs described below. Under current law, individuals will generally be taxed at long-term capital gain rates on qualified dividend income for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010. Individual stockholders of a regulated investment company like the Fund generally may be eligible to treat as qualified dividend income that portion of their distributions attributable to qualified dividend income received and designated as such by the regulated investment company. However, not all traditional preferred securities will provide significant benefits under the rules relating to qualified dividend income, including preferred securities issued by REITs described below. Within the category of traditional preferred securities, the Fund may invest in traditional preferred securities issued by real estate companies, including REITs. REIT preferred securities are generally perpetual in nature, although REITs often have the ability to redeem the preferred securities after a specified period of time. The market value of REIT preferred securities may be affected by favorable and unfavorable changes impacting a particular REIT. While sharing characteristics that make them similar to traditional preferred securities, dividends from REIT preferred securities do not provide any DRD benefit (and generally do not provide significant benefits under the rules relating to qualified dividend income).

Hybrid-Preferred Securities. Hybrid-preferred securities are typically issued by corporations, generally in the form of interest-bearing notes with preferred securities characteristics, or by an affiliated business trust of a corporation, generally in the form of beneficial interests in subordinated debentures or similarly structured securities. The hybrid-preferred securities market consists of both fixed and adjustable coupon rate securities that are either perpetual in nature or have stated maturity dates.

Hybrid-preferred securities are typically junior and fully subordinated liabilities of an issuer or the beneficiary of a guarantee that is junior and fully subordinated to the other liabilities of the guarantor. In addition, hybrid-preferred securities typically permit an issuer to defer the payment of income for eighteen months or more without triggering an event of default. Generally, the maximum deferral period is five years. Because of their subordinated position in the capital structure of an issuer, the ability to defer payments for extended periods of time without default consequences to the issuer, and certain other features (such as restrictions on common dividend payments by the issuer or ultimate guarantor when full cumulative payments on the trust preferred securities have not been made), these hybrid-preferred securities are often treated as close substitutes for traditional preferred securities, both by issuers and investors. Hybrid-preferred securities have many of the key characteristics of equity due to their subordinated position in an issuer’s capital structure and because their quality and value are heavily dependent on the profitability of the issuer rather than on any legal claims to specific assets or cash flows. Hybrid-preferred securities include, but are not limited to, trust originated preferred securities; monthly income preferred securities; quarterly income bond securities; quarterly income debt securities; quarterly income preferred securities; corporate trust securities; public income notes; and other hybrid-preferred securities.

Hybrid-preferred securities are typically issued with a final maturity date, although some are perpetual in nature. In certain instances, a final maturity date may be extended and/or the final payment of principal may be deferred at the issuer’s option for a specified time without default. No redemption can typically take place unless all cumulative payment obligations have been met, although issuers may be able to engage in open-market repurchases without regard to whether all payments have been paid.

 

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Many hybrid-preferred securities are issued by trusts or other special purpose entities established by operating companies and are not a direct obligation of an operating company. At the time the trust or special purpose entity sells such preferred securities to investors, it purchases debt of the operating company (with terms comparable to those of the trust or special purpose entity securities), which enables the operating company to deduct for tax purposes the interest paid on the debt held by the trust or special purpose entity. The trust or special purpose entity is generally required to be treated as transparent for Federal income tax purposes such that the holders of the trust preferred securities are treated as owning beneficial interests in the underlying debt of the operating company. Accordingly, payments on the hybrid-preferred securities are treated as interest rather than dividends for Federal income tax purposes and, as such, are not eligible for the DRD or the reduced rates of tax that apply to qualified dividend income. The trust or special purpose entity in turn would be a holder of the operating company’s debt and would have priority with respect to the operating company’s earnings and profits over the operating company’s common stockholders, but would typically be subordinated to other classes of the operating company’s debt. Typically a preferred share has a rating that is slightly below that of its corresponding operating company’s senior debt securities.

Within the category of hybrid-preferred securities are senior debt instruments that trade in the broader preferred securities market. These debt instruments, which are sources of long-term capital for the issuers, have structural features similar to preferred stock such as maturities ranging from 30 years to perpetuity, call features, exchange listings and the inclusion of accrued interest in the trading price. Similar to other hybrid-preferred securities, these debt instruments usually do not offer equity capital treatment. CORTS® and PINES® are two examples of senior debt instruments which are structured and trade as hybrid-preferred securities.

Financial Services Company Securities

The Fund may invest significantly in the securities of financial services companies through each of the Select Strategies, particularly through the Global Large Cap Strategy and Global Preferred Strategy. Companies in the financial services sector include commercial banks, industrial banks, savings institutions, finance companies, diversified financial services companies, investment banking firms, securities brokerage houses, investment advisory companies, leasing companies, insurance companies and companies providing similar services.

Investments in Closed-End Funds

The Closed-End Funds Strategy is comprised primarily of common stock of closed-end funds that generally focus on equity or income-producing securities, sectors or strategies, such as dividend strategies, covered call option strategies, total return strategies, dividend capture strategies, general equities, limited duration strategies, convertible securities, preferred securities, high yield securities and real estate, energy, utility and other equity or income-oriented strategies. Dividend strategies typically focus on investments in dividend-paying equity securities or equity-related securities, such as common stock, preferred securities, convertible securities and/or warrants. A covered call option strategy is designed to produce income from premiums received from writing (selling) call options on single securities and/or indexes and to offset a portion of a market decline in the underlying securities. Total return strategies typically pursue both income and capital appreciation, and may invest in a wide variety of equity and fixed-income securities and other instruments that vary from fund to fund. In a dividend capture strategy, a stock is sold on or shortly after the stock’s ex-dividend date and uses the sale proceeds to purchase one or more other stocks that are expected to pay dividends before the next dividend payment on the stock being sold. Through this strategy, a fund may received more dividend payments over a given period of time than if it held a single stock. Limited duration strategies typically focus on fixed-income securities of intermediate duration (a measure of the price volatility of a debt instrument as a result of changes in market interest rates, based on the weighted average timing of the instrument’s expected principal and interest payments), and may include high yield securities, senior loans and mortgage-related securities. Securities and other investments in which the closed-end funds pursuing these strategies are expected to focus their investments, along with the real estate, energy and utilities sectors, are described with their accompanying risks, under “Principal Risks of the Fund.”

 

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Convertible Securities

Convertible securities include fixed income securities that may be exchanged or converted into a predetermined number of shares of the issuer’s underlying common stock at the option of the holder during a specified period. Convertible securities may take the form of convertible preferred stock, convertible bonds or debentures, units consisting of “usable” bonds and warrants or a combination of the features of several of these securities. The investment characteristics of each convertible security vary widely, which allows convertible securities to be employed for a variety of investment strategies.

Lower-Rated Securities

The Fund also may invest without limit in securities that at the time of investment are rated below investment grade or that are unrated but judged to be below investment grade by the Investment Manager and may invest in securities rated as low as the lowest ratings used by S&P or Moody’s (or the unrated equivalents). These below investment grade quality securities are commonly referred to as “junk bonds” and are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the payment of interest and repayment of principal. Such securities may face major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. Lower grade securities, though high yielding, are characterized by high risk. They may be subject to certain risks with respect to the issuing entity and to greater market fluctuations than certain lower yielding, higher rated securities. The retail secondary market for lower grade securities may be less liquid than that of higher rated securities; adverse conditions could make it difficult at times for the Fund to sell certain of these securities or could result in lower prices than those used in calculating the Fund’s net asset value. The Fund will not invest in securities which are in default at the time of purchase. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Credit Risk and Lower-Rated Securities Risk.”

Other Transactions, Techniques and Investments

Dividend Capture

The Fund may employ a dividend capture strategy that seeks to increase its current income. In a dividend capture strategy, the Fund sells a stock on or shortly after the stock’s ex-dividend date and uses the sale proceeds to purchase one or more other stocks that are expected to pay dividends before the next dividend payment on the stock being sold. Through this strategy, the Fund may receive more dividend payments over a given period of time than if it held a single stock. Receipt of a greater number of dividend payments during a given time period could augment the total amount of dividend income the Fund receives over this period. For example, during the course of a single year it may be possible through dividend capture trading for the Fund to receive five or more dividend payments with respect to a Fund asset attributable to dividend capture trading, where it may only have received four quarterly payments in a hold only strategy. In addition, dividend capture trades may be made without regard to whether any dividends may qualify for the reduced Federal income tax rates applicable to qualified dividends under the Code. As a result, there can be no assurance as to what portion of the Fund’s distributions will be designated as qualified dividend income. See “Taxation.” The use of dividend capture strategies will expose the Fund to increased trading costs and potential for capital loss or gain, particularly in the event of significant short-term price movements of stocks subject to dividend capture trading. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Dividend Strategy Risk.”

Short Sales

The Fund may from time to time engage in short sales of securities, for investment or for hedging purposes. Short sales are transactions in which the Fund sells a security it does not own. To complete the transaction, the Fund must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing the security at the market price at the time of replacement. The Fund

 

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may be required to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and is often obligated to pay over any payments received on such borrowed securities.

The Fund may sell short individual stocks, baskets of stocks or ETFs, which the Fund expects to underperform other stocks which the Fund holds. The Fund anticipates that its short positions, if any, would be in non-dividend paying securities or would be closed out before the underlying security’s ex-dividend date.

The Fund’s obligation to replace the borrowed security will be secured by collateral deposited with the broker-dealer, usually cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities. The Fund will also be required to designate on its books and records similar collateral with its custodian to the extent, if any, necessary so that the aggregate collateral value is at all times at least equal to the current market value of the security sold short. Depending on arrangements made with the broker-dealer from which it borrowed the security regarding payment over of any payments received by the Fund on such security, the Fund may not receive any payments (including interest) on its collateral deposited with such broker-dealer.

If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. Although the Fund’s gain is limited to the price at which it sold the security short, its potential loss is unlimited.

Purchasing securities to close out the short position can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, thereby exacerbating the loss. Short-selling exposes the Fund to unlimited risk with respect to that security due to the lack of an upper limit on the price to which an instrument can rise. Although the Fund reserves the right to utilize short sales, the Investment Manager is under no obligation to utilize short sales.

ETFs and Other Investment Companies

The Fund may invest up to 10% of its managed assets in securities of open-end investment companies, including ETFs. ETFs are registered investment companies that aim to track or replicate a desired index, such as a sector, market or global segment. ETFs are passively managed and their shares are traded on a national exchange. ETFs do not sell individual shares directly to investors and only issue their shares in large blocks known as “creation units.” The investor purchasing a creation unit may sell the individual shares on a secondary market. Therefore, the liquidity of ETFs depends on the adequacy of the secondary market. There can be no assurance that an ETF’s investment objective will be achieved, as ETFs based on an index may not replicate and maintain exactly the composition and relative weightings of securities in the index. ETFs are subject to the risks of investing in the underlying securities. The Fund, as a holder of the securities of the ETF, will bear its pro rata portion of the ETF’s expenses, including advisory fees. These expenses are in addition to the direct expenses of the Fund’s own operations.

Illiquid Securities

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its managed assets in illiquid securities (i.e., securities that are not readily marketable). For this purpose, illiquid securities include, but are not limited to, restricted securities (securities the disposition of which is restricted under the Federal securities laws), securities that may only be resold pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act but that are deemed to be illiquid, and repurchase agreements with maturities in excess of seven days. The Board of Directors or its delegate has the ultimate authority to determine, to the extent permissible under the Federal securities laws, which securities are liquid or illiquid for purposes of this 15% limitation. The Board of Directors has delegated to the Investment Manager the day-to-day determination of the illiquidity of any security held by the Fund, although it has retained oversight and ultimate responsibility for such determinations. Although no definitive liquidity criteria are used, the Board and/or the Investment Manager will consider factors such as (i) the nature of the market for a security (including the institutional private resale market; the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; the number of dealers

 

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willing to purchase or sell the security; the amount of time normally needed to dispose of the security; and the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer), (ii) the terms of certain securities or other instruments allowing for the disposition to a third party or the issuer thereof (e.g., certain repurchase obligations and demand instruments) and (iii) other permissible relevant factors.

Restricted securities may be sold only in privately negotiated transactions or in a public offering with respect to which a registration statement is in effect under the Securities Act. Where registration is required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses and a considerable period may elapse between the time of the decision to sell and the time the Fund may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than that which prevailed when it decided to sell. Illiquid securities will be priced at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors or its delegate.

Debt Securities

Debt securities in which the Fund may invest include investments in convertible debt securities, convertible preferred securities, mortgaged-backed securities, corporate debt securities issued by domestic and non-U.S. corporations and government debt securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities or a non-U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities. Debt securities from the Select Strategies may pay fixed or variable rates of interest. Bonds and other debt securities generally are issued by corporations and other issuers to borrow money from investors. The issuer pays the investor a fixed or variable rate of interest and normally must repay the amount borrowed on or before maturity. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Credit Risk and Lower-Rated Securities Risk.”

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund may engage in short-term trading strategies, and securities may be sold without regard to the length of time held when, in the opinion of the Investment Manager, investment considerations warrant such action. These policies, together with the ability of the Fund to effect short sales of securities and to engage in transactions in options and futures, may have the effect of increasing the Fund’s annual rate of portfolio turnover. Although the Fund cannot accurately predict its annual portfolio turnover rate, it may be greater than 100%. There are no limits on the rate of portfolio turnover, and investments may be sold without regard to length of time held when the Fund’s investment strategy so dictates. A high turnover rate necessarily involves greater trading costs to the Fund and may result in the realization of net short term capital gains. If securities are not held for the applicable holding periods, dividends paid on them will not qualify for the advantageous Federal tax rates. See “Taxation” in the prospectus and SAI.

Strategic Transactions

The Fund may, but is not required to, use various Strategic Transactions to mitigate risks and to facilitate portfolio management, or to seek to increase return. Such Strategic Transactions are generally accepted under modern portfolio management and are regularly used by many closed-end funds and other institutional investors. Although the Investment Manager would seek to use these practices to further the Fund’s investment objective, no assurance can be given that these practices will achieve this result.

The Fund may also lend the securities it owns to others, which allows the Fund the opportunity to earn additional income. Although the Fund will require the borrower of the securities to post collateral for the loan and the terms of the loan will require that the Fund be able to reacquire the loaned securities if certain events occur, the Fund is still subject to the risk that the borrower of the securities may default, which could result in the Fund losing money, which would result in a decline in the Fund’s net asset value.

The Fund also may enter into certain interest rate transactions that are designed to reduce the risks inherent in the Fund’s anticipated issuance of preferred shares. See “Use of Leverage—Interest Rate Transactions.”

 

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When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Transactions

The Fund may buy and sell securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis, making payment or taking delivery at a later date, normally within 15 to 45 days of the trade date. This type of transaction may involve an element of risk because no interest accrues on the securities prior to settlement and, because securities are subject to market fluctuations, the value of the securities at time of delivery may be less (or more) than cost. A separate account of the Fund will be established with its custodian consisting of cash equivalents or liquid securities having a market value at all times at least equal to the amount of the commitment.

Defensive Position

When the Investment Manager believes that market or general economic conditions justify a temporary defensive position, we may deviate from our investment objective and invest all or any portion of our assets in investment grade debt securities. When and to the extent we assume a temporary defensive position, we may not pursue or achieve our investment objective.

Other Investments

The Fund’s cash reserves, held to provide sufficient flexibility to take advantage of new opportunities for investments and for other cash needs, will be invested in money market instruments. Money market instruments in which we may invest our cash reserves will generally consist of obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities and such obligations which are subject to repurchase agreements and commercial paper. See “Investment Objective and Policies” in the SAI.

Certain of the Fund’s investment strategies may limit the amount of dividend income the Fund receives from qualifying for the reduced Federal income tax rates applicable to qualified dividends under the Code. As a result, there can be no assurance as to what portion of the Fund’s distributions will be designated as qualified dividend income.

USE OF LEVERAGE

The Fund intends to seek to enhance its dividend yield and total return potential through leverage of approximately 20% of its managed assets (including the amount obtained from leverage) through issuing preferred shares or through Borrowings and could engage in leverage up to the maximum permitted by the 1940 Act. The Fund also may borrow money as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including the payment of dividends and the settlement of securities transactions, which otherwise might require untimely dispositions of Fund securities.

There is no assurance that the Fund will utilize leverage or, if leverage is utilized, that it will be successful in enhancing the level of its total return. The net asset value of the Fund’s Common Shares will be reduced by the issuance costs of any leverage. Through leveraging, the Fund will seek to obtain a higher return for holders of common shares than if the Fund did not use leverage. Leverage is a speculative technique and there are special risks and costs associated with leverage. There can be no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed.

Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to issue preferred shares unless immediately after the issuance the value of the Fund’s assets is at least 200% of the liquidation value of the outstanding preferred shares (i.e., such liquidation preference may not exceed 50% of the Fund’s assets less liabilities other than borrowings). In addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the value of the Fund’s total assets less liabilities other

 

47


than Borrowings is at least 200% of such liquidation value. If the Fund issues preferred shares, the Fund intends, to the extent possible, to purchase or redeem preferred shares from time to time to the extent necessary in order to maintain coverage of any preferred shares of at least 200%. If the Fund has preferred shares outstanding, two of the Fund’s Directors will be elected by the holders of preferred shares, voting separately as a class. The remaining Directors of the Fund will be elected by holders of Common Shares and preferred shares voting together as a single class. In the event the Fund failed to pay dividends on preferred shares for two years, holders of preferred shares would be entitled to elect a majority of the Directors of the Fund. The failure to pay dividends or make distributions could result in the Fund ceasing to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code, which could have a material adverse effect on the value of the Common Shares. See “Description of Shares—Fund Preferred Shares.”

Under the 1940 Act, the Fund generally is not permitted to borrow unless immediately after the Borrowing the value of the Fund’s assets less liabilities other than the Borrowings is at least 300% of the principal amount of such Borrowing (i.e., such principal amount may not exceed 33 1/3% of the Fund’s total assets). In addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the value of the Fund’s total assets, less liabilities other than the Borrowings, is at least 300% of such principal amount. If the Fund borrows, the Fund intends, to the extent possible, to prepay all or a portion of the principal amount of the Borrowing to the extent necessary in order to maintain the required asset coverage. Failure to maintain certain asset coverage requirements could result in an event of default and entitle the debt holders to elect a majority of the Board of Directors.

The Fund may be subject to certain restrictions imposed by either guidelines of one or more rating agencies which may issue ratings for leverage or, if the Fund borrows from a lender, by the lender. These restrictions may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those currently imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act.

Effects of Leverage

Assuming that leverage will represent approximately 20% of the Fund’s capital and pay dividends or interest or involve payment at a rate set by an interest rate transaction at an annual average rate of 6.0%, the income generated by the Fund’s portfolio (net of estimated expenses) must exceed 1.2% in order to cover such dividend payments or interest or payment rates and other expenses specifically related to leverage. Of course, these numbers are merely estimates, used for illustration. Actual dividend rates, interest, or payment rates may vary frequently and may be significantly higher or lower than the rate estimated above.

The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission. It is designed to illustrate the effect of leverage on Common Share total return, assuming investment portfolio total returns (comprised of income and changes in the value of investments held in the Fund’s portfolio) of -10%, -5%, 0%, 5% and 10%. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns expected to be experienced by the Fund. The table assumes leverage in an aggregate amount equal to 20% of the Fund’s total capital (after such issuance and borrowings). See “Use of Leverage—Leverage Risk.”

 

Assumed Portfolio Total Return

   -10 %   -5 %   0 %   5 %   10 %

Common Share Total Return

   -14.0 %   -7.8 %   -1.5 %   4.8 %   11.0 %

If the Fund utilizes leverage, the fees paid to the Investment Manager and Subadvisors for investment advisory and management services will be higher than if the Fund did not utilize leverage because the fees paid will be calculated based on the Fund’s managed assets, including the proceeds from leverage. Only the Fund’s Common Shareholders bear the cost of the Fund’s fees and expenses, including the costs associated with any leverage, which will be borne immediately by Common Shareholders. See “Summary of Fund Expenses.”

 

48


Leverage Risk

Utilization of leverage is a speculative investment technique and involves certain risks to Common Shareholders. These include the possibility of higher volatility of the net asset value of and distributions on the Common Shares and potentially more volatility in the market value of the Common Shares. So long as the Fund is able to realize a higher net return on its investment portfolio than the then current cost of any leverage together with other related expenses, the effect of the leverage will be to cause Common Shareholders to realize higher current net investment income than if the Fund were not so leveraged. On the other hand, to the extent that the then current cost of any leverage, together with other related expenses, approaches the net return on the Fund’s investment portfolio, the benefit of leverage to Common Shareholders will be reduced, and if the then current cost of any leverage were to exceed the net return on the Fund’s portfolio, the Fund’s leveraged capital structure would result in a lower rate of return to Common Shareholders than if the Fund were not so leveraged.

Any decline in the net asset value of the Fund’s investments will be borne entirely by Common Shareholders. Therefore, if the market value of the Fund’s portfolio declines, the leverage will result in a greater decrease in net asset value to Common Shareholders than if the Fund were not leveraged. Such greater net asset value decrease will also tend to cause a greater decline in the market price for the Common Shares. To the extent that the Fund is required or elects to redeem any preferred shares or prepay any Borrowings, the Fund may need to liquidate investments to fund such redemptions or prepayments. Liquidation at times of adverse economic conditions may result in capital loss and reduce returns to Common Shareholders.

In addition, such redemption or prepayment would likely result in the Fund seeking to terminate early all or a portion of any swap or cap transaction and could result in a termination payment by or to the Fund. See “Use of Leverage—Interest Rate Transactions.”

Interest Rate Transactions

In order to seek to reduce interest rate risk if the Fund engages in leverage, the Fund may enter into interest rate swap or cap transactions as to all or a portion of Fund leverage. In an interest rate swap, the Fund would agree to pay to the other party to the interest rate swap (which is known as the “counterparty”) a fixed rate payment in exchange for the counterparty agreeing to pay the Fund a variable rate payment that is intended to approximate the Fund’s variable rate payment obligation on the preferred shares or any variable rate borrowing. The payment obligation would be based on the notional amount of the swap. In an interest rate cap, the Fund would pay a premium to the counterparty to the interest rate swap and to the extent that a specified variable rate index exceeds a predetermined fixed rate, would receive from the counterparty payments of the difference based on the notional amount of such cap. We would use interest rate swaps or caps only with the intent to reduce or eliminate the risk that an increase in short-term interest rates could have on the performance of the Fund’s Common Shares as a result of leverage.

The use of interest rate swaps and caps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. Depending on the state of interest rates in general, our use of interest rate swaps or caps could enhance or harm the overall performance of the Common Shares. To the extent there is a decline in interest rates, the value of the interest rate swap or cap could decline, and could result in a decline in the net asset value of the Common Shares. In addition, if short-term interest rates are lower than our rate of payment on the interest rate swap, this will reduce the performance of the Fund’s Common Shares. If, on the other hand, short-term interest rates are higher than our rate of payment on the interest rate swap, this will enhance the performance of the Fund’s Common Shares. Buying interest rate caps could enhance the performance of the Fund’s Common Shares by providing a maximum leverage expense. Buying interest rate caps could also decrease the net income of the Fund’s Common Shares in the event that the premium paid by the Fund to the counterparty exceeds the additional amount the Fund would have been required to pay had it not entered into the cap agreement. The Fund has no current intention of selling an interest rate swap or cap. We would not enter into interest rate swap or cap transactions with an aggregate notional amount that exceeds the outstanding amount of the Fund’s leverage.

 

49


Interest rate swaps and caps do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets or principal. Accordingly, the risk of loss with respect to interest rate swaps is limited to the net amount of interest payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to make. In addition, if the counterparty to an interest rate swap or cap defaults, the Fund would not be able to use the anticipated net receipts under the swap or cap to offset dividend or interest payments. Depending on whether the Fund would be entitled to receive net payments from the counterparty on the swap or cap, which in turn would depend on the general state of short-term interest rates at that point in time, such default could negatively impact the performance of the Fund’s Common Shares. Although this will not guarantee that the counterparty does not default, the Fund will not enter into an interest rate swap or cap transaction with any counterparty that the Investment Manager believes does not have the financial resources to honor its obligation under the interest rate swap or cap transaction. Further, the Investment Manager will continually monitor the financial stability of a counterparty to an interest rate swap or cap transaction in an effort to proactively protect the Fund’s investments. In addition, at the time an interest rate swap or cap transaction reaches its scheduled termination date, there is a risk that the Fund will not be able to obtain a replacement transaction or that the terms of the replacement will not be as favorable as on the expiring transaction. If this occurs, it could have a negative impact on the performance of the Common Shares.

The Fund will usually enter into swaps on a net basis; that is, the two payment streams will be netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or dates specified in the instrument, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. The Fund intends to maintain in a segregated account with its custodian cash or liquid securities having a value at least equal to the Fund’s net payment obligations under any swap transaction, marked to market daily.

The Fund may choose or be required to redeem some or all of any outstanding preferred shares or prepay any borrowings. This redemption or prepayment would likely result in the Fund seeking to terminate early all or a portion of any swap or cap transaction. Such early termination could result in termination payment by or to the Fund.

PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUND

We are a non-diversified, closed-end fund designed primarily as a long-term investment and not as a trading vehicle. The Fund is not intended to be a complete investment program and, due to the uncertainty inherent in all investments, there can be no assurance that we will achieve our investment objective.

No Operating History

The Fund is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with no operating history.

Investment Risk

An investment in the Fund is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire amount that you invest.

Market Risk

Your investment in Common Shares represents an indirect investment in the common stock, preferred securities, debt securities and other assets owned by the Fund. The value of these securities, like other investments, may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. Your Common Shares at any point in time may be worth less than what you invested, even after taking into account the reinvestment of Fund dividends and distributions. The Fund may utilize leverage, which magnifies the market risk. See “Use of Leverage—Leverage Risk.”

 

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Common Stock Risk

Common stocks are subject to special risks. Although common stocks have historically generated higher average returns than fixed-income securities over the long-term, common stocks also have experienced significantly more volatility in returns. Common stocks may be more susceptible to adverse changes in market value due to issuer specific events or general movements in the equities markets. A drop in the stock market may depress the price of common stocks held by the Fund. Common stock prices fluctuate for many reasons, including changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer or the general condition of the relevant stock market, or the occurrence of political or economic events affecting issuers. For example, an adverse event, such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of common stock in which the Fund has invested; the price of common stock of an issuer may be particularly sensitive to general movements in the stock market; or a drop in the stock market may depress the price of most or all of the common stocks held by the Fund. Also, common stock of an issuer in the Fund’s portfolio may decline in price if the issuer fails to make anticipated dividend payments because, among other reasons, the issuer of the security experiences a decline in its financial condition. The common stocks in which the Fund will invest are typically subordinated to preferred securities, bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure in terms of priority to corporate income and assets, and, therefore, will be subject to greater risk than the preferred securities or debt instruments of such issuers. In addition, common stock prices may be sensitive to rising interest rates as the costs of capital rise and borrowing costs increase.

Special Risks of Investing in the Real Estate Sector

The Fund may invest significantly in the securities of real estate companies and may be susceptible to adverse economic or regulatory occurrences affecting that sector. The Fund will not invest in real estate directly, but because of the Fund’s investments in real estate companies, the Fund is also subject to the risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. These risks include:

 

  Ÿ  

declines in the value of real estate;

 

  Ÿ  

risks related to general and local economic conditions;

 

  Ÿ  

possible lack of availability of mortgage funds;

 

  Ÿ  

overbuilding;

 

  Ÿ  

extended vacancies of properties;

 

  Ÿ  

increased competition;

 

  Ÿ  

increases in property taxes and operating expenses;

 

  Ÿ  

changes in zoning laws;

 

  Ÿ  

losses due to costs resulting from the clean-up of environmental problems;

 

  Ÿ  

liability to third parties for damages resulting from environmental problems;

 

  Ÿ  

casualty or condemnation losses;

 

  Ÿ  

limitations on rents;

 

  Ÿ  

changes in neighborhood values and the appeal of properties to tenants;

 

  Ÿ  

changes in interest rates;

 

  Ÿ  

financial condition of tenants, buyers and sellers of real estate; and

 

  Ÿ  

quality of maintenance, insurance and management services.

 

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An economic downturn could have a material adverse effect on the real estate markets and on real estate companies in which the Fund invests.

Real property investments are subject to varying degrees of risk. The yields available from investments in real estate depend on the amount of income and capital appreciation generated by the related properties. Income and real estate values may also be adversely affected by such factors as applicable laws (e.g., Americans with Disabilities Act and tax laws), interest rate levels and the availability of financing. If the properties do not generate sufficient income to meet operating expenses, including, where applicable, debt service, ground lease payments, tenant improvements, third-party leasing commissions and other capital expenditures, the income and ability of the real estate company to make payments of any interest and principal on its debt securities will be adversely affected. In addition, real property may be subject to the quality of credit extended and defaults by borrowers and tenants. The performance of the economy in each of the regions and countries in which the real estate owned by a portfolio company is located affects occupancy, market rental rates and expenses and, consequently, has an impact on the income from such properties and their underlying values.

The financial results of major local employers also may have an impact on the cash flow and value of certain properties. In addition, real estate investments are relatively illiquid and, therefore, the ability of real estate companies to vary their portfolios promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions is limited. A real estate company may also have joint venture investments in certain of its properties and, consequently, its ability to control decisions relating to such properties may be limited.

Real property investments are also subject to risks which are specific to the investment sector or type of property in which the real estate companies are investing.

 

  Ÿ  

Retail Properties. Retail properties are affected by the overall health of the applicable economy and may be adversely affected by the growth of alternative forms of retailing, bankruptcy, departure or cessation of operations of a tenant, a shift in consumer demand due to demographic changes, spending patterns and lease terminations.

 

  Ÿ  

Office Properties. Office properties are affected by the overall health of the economy and other factors such as a downturn in the businesses operated by their tenants, obsolescence and noncompetitiveness.

 

  Ÿ  

Hotel Properties. The risks of hotel properties include, among other things, the necessity of a high level of continuing capital expenditures, competition, increases in operating costs which may not be offset by increases in revenues, dependence on business and commercial travelers and tourism, increases in fuel costs and other expenses of travel and adverse effects of general and local economic conditions.

 

  Ÿ  

Healthcare Properties. Healthcare properties and healthcare providers are affected by several significant factors, including Federal, state and local laws governing licenses, certification, adequacy of care, pharmaceutical distribution, medical rates, equipment, personnel and other factors regarding operations; continued availability of revenue from government reimbursement programs (primarily Medicaid and Medicare); and competition on a local and regional basis.

 

  Ÿ  

Multifamily Properties. The value and successful operation of a multifamily property may be affected by a number of factors such as the location of the property, the ability of the management team, the level of mortgage rates, presence of competing properties, adverse economic conditions in the locale, oversupply and rent control laws or other laws affecting such properties.

 

  Ÿ  

Insurance Issues. Certain real estate companies may carry comprehensive liability, fire, flood, earthquake extended coverage and rental loss insurance with various policy specifications, limits and deductibles.

 

52


  Ÿ  

Credit Risk. REITs may be highly leveraged, and financial covenants may affect the ability of REITs to operate effectively.

 

  Ÿ  

Environmental Issues. In connection with the ownership (direct or indirect), operation, management and development of real properties that may contain hazardous or toxic substances, a portfolio company may be considered an owner, operator or responsible party of such properties and, therefore, may be potentially liable for removal or remediation costs, as well as certain other costs, including governmental fines and liabilities for injuries to persons and property.

 

  Ÿ  

Smaller Companies. Even the larger REITs in the industry tend to be small- to medium-sized companies in relation to the equity markets as a whole. REIT shares, therefore, can be more volatile than, and perform differently from, larger company stocks.

 

  Ÿ  

REIT Tax Issues. REITs are subject to a highly technical and complex set of provisions in the Code. It is possible that the Fund may invest in a real estate company which purports to be a REIT and that the company could fail to qualify as a REIT. In the event of any such unexpected failure to qualify as a REIT, the company would be subject to corporate-level taxation, significantly reducing the return to the Fund on its investment in such company.

General Risks of Investing in the Utility Sector

The Fund may invest significantly in securities of utility companies and may be susceptible to adverse economic or regulatory occurrences affecting that sector. Investing in the utility sector includes the following risks:

 

  Ÿ  

high interest costs in connection with capital construction and improvement programs;

 

  Ÿ  

difficulty in raising capital in adequate amounts on reasonable terms in periods of high inflation and unsettled capital markets;

 

  Ÿ  

governmental regulation of rates charged to customers;

 

  Ÿ  

costs associated with compliance with and changes in environmental and other regulations;

 

  Ÿ  

effects of economic slowdowns and surplus capacity;

 

  Ÿ  

increased competition from other providers of utility services;

 

  Ÿ  

inexperience with and potential losses resulting from a developing deregulatory environment;

 

  Ÿ  

costs associated with reduced availability of certain types of fuel, occasionally reduced availability and high costs of natural gas for resale and the effects of energy conservation policies, and the potential that costs incurred by the utility, such as the cost of fuel, change more rapidly than the rate the utility is permitted to charge its customers;

 

  Ÿ  

effects of a national energy policy and lengthy delays and greatly increased costs and other problems associated with the design, construction, licensing, regulation and operation of nuclear facilities for electric generation, including, among other considerations, the problems associated with the use of radioactive materials and the disposal of radioactive wastes;

 

  Ÿ  

technological innovations that may render existing plants, equipment or products obsolete; and

 

  Ÿ  

potential impact of terrorist activities on utility companies and their customers and the impact of natural or man-made disasters, including events such as the blackout that affected electric utility companies in many Mid-Atlantic and Midwest states in 2003.

Issuers in the utility sector may be subject to regulation by various governmental authorities and may be affected by the imposition of special tariffs and changes in tax laws, regulatory policies and accounting

 

53


standards. In addition, there are substantial differences between the regulatory practices and policies of various jurisdictions, and any given regulatory agency may make major shifts in policy from time to time. There is no assurance that regulatory authorities will, in the future, grant rate increases or that such increases will be adequate to permit the payment of dividends on preferred or common stocks. Prolonged changes in climatic conditions can also have a significant impact on both the revenues of an electric or gas utility as well as its expenses.

Special Risks Related to Preferred Securities

There are special risks associated with investing in preferred securities, including:

 

  Ÿ  

Deferral and Omission. Preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer or omit distributions for a stated period without any adverse consequences to the issuer. If the Fund owns a preferred security that is deferring or omitting its distributions, the Fund may be required to report income for tax purposes although it has not yet received such income.

 

  Ÿ  

Subordination. Preferred securities are generally subordinated to bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure in terms of having priority to corporate income and liquidation payments, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than more senior debt instruments.

 

  Ÿ  

Liquidity. Preferred securities may be substantially less liquid than many other securities, such as common stocks or U.S. Government securities.

 

  Ÿ  

Limited Voting Rights. Generally, traditional preferred securities offer no voting rights with respect to the issuing company unless preferred dividends have been in arrears for a specified number of periods, at which time the preferred security holders may elect a number of directors to the issuer’s board. Generally, once all the arrearages have been paid, the preferred security holders no longer have voting rights. Hybrid-preferred security holders generally have no voting rights.

 

  Ÿ  

Special Redemption Rights. In certain varying circumstances, an issuer of preferred securities may redeem the securities prior to a specified date. For instance, for certain types of preferred securities, a redemption may be triggered by a change in Federal income tax or securities laws. As with call provisions, a redemption by the issuer may negatively impact the return of the security held by the Fund.

 

  Ÿ  

New Types of Securities. From time to time, preferred securities, including hybrid-preferred securities, have been, and may in the future be, offered having features other than those described herein. The Fund reserves the right to invest in these securities if the Investment Manager believes that doing so would be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies. Since the market for these instruments would be new, the Fund may have difficulty disposing of them at a suitable price and time. In addition to limited liquidity, these instruments may present other risks, such as high price volatility.

General Risks of Investing in the Financial Services Sector

The Fund may invest significantly in securities of companies principally engaged in financial services and may be susceptible to adverse economic or regulatory occurrences affecting that sector. Companies in the financial services sector include commercial banks, industrial banks, savings institutions, finance companies, diversified financial services companies, investment banking firms, securities brokerage houses, investment advisory companies, leasing companies, insurance companies and companies providing similar services. Because the Fund may invest such amounts in this sector, the Fund may be susceptible to adverse economic or regulatory occurrences affecting that sector.

 

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Investing in the financial services sector includes the following risks:

 

  Ÿ  

regulatory actions—financial services companies may suffer a setback if regulators change the rules under which they operate;

 

  Ÿ  

changes in interest rates—unstable interest rates can have a disproportionate effect on the financial services sector;

 

  Ÿ  

concentration of loans—financial services companies whose securities the Fund may purchase may themselves have concentrated portfolios, such as a high level of loans to real estate developers, which makes them vulnerable to economic conditions that affect that sector; and

 

  Ÿ  

competition—financial services companies have been affected by increased competition, which could adversely affect the profitability or viability of such companies.

Risks of Investing in Closed-End Funds and Other Investment Companies

Risks associated with investments in closed-end end funds generally include the risks described in this prospectus associated with the Fund’s structure as a closed-end investment company, including market risk (see “—Market Risk”), leverage risk (see “—Leverage Risk”), risk of market price discount from net asset value (see “—Risk of Market Price Discount From Net Asset Value”), risk of anti-takeover provisions (see “Additional Risk Considerations—Risk of Anti-Takeover Provisions”) and non-diversification (see “Additional Risk Considerations—Non-Diversified Status”). To the extent the Fund invests a portion of its assets in investment companies, including closed-end funds, ETFs and other investment companies, those assets will be subject to the risks of the purchased investment companies’ portfolio securities, and a stockholder in the Fund will bear not only his or her proportionate share of the Fund’s expenses, but also indirectly the expenses of the purchased investment companies. Common Shareholders would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. In addition, investments in closed-end funds may be subject to the following risks:

 

  Ÿ  

Manager Risk. The Fund’s investments in other closed-end funds are subject to the ability of the managers of the funds to achieve the funds’ investment objectives.

 

  Ÿ  

Dilution Risk. Strategies employed by a closed-end fund, such as rights offerings, may, under certain circumstances, have the effect of reducing its share price and the Fund’s proportionate interest.

 

  Ÿ  

Foreign Closed-End Fund Risk. Risks associated with investments in closed-end funds registered under foreign law may be different than those of investments in U.S. registered closed-end funds. Foreign registered funds are subject to a different regulatory regime that may be less rigorous than in the United States in areas such as governance and financial reporting requirements. There also may be less publicly available information about such funds, and investments in these funds may carry special tax consequences. In addition, foreign closed-end funds are generally subject to the risks of investing in other types of foreign securities. See “—Foreign Securities Risk.”

 

  Ÿ  

BDCs Risk. Investments in closed-end funds that are BDCs may be subject to a high degree of risk. BDCs typically invest in small- and medium-sized companies that may not have access to public equity markets for capital raising. As a result, a BDC’s portfolio typically will include a substantial amount of securities purchased in private placements, and the portfolio may carry risks similar to those of a private equity or venture capital fund. Securities that are not publicly registered may be difficult to value and may be difficult to sell at a price representative of their intrinsic value.

The Investment Manager will take expenses into account when evaluating the investment merits of an investment in an investment company. The securities of other investment companies may also be leveraged and will therefore be subject to the same leverage risks to which the Fund is subject. As described in the sections entitled “Use of Leverage” and “Use of Leverage—Leverage Risk,” the net asset value and market value of

 

55


leveraged shares will be more volatile and the yield to stockholders will tend to fluctuate more than the yield generated by unleveraged shares. Investment companies may have investment policies that differ from those of the Fund. In addition, to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies, the Fund will be dependent upon the investment and research abilities of persons other than the Investment Manager.

Covered Call Strategy Risk

There are various risks associated with the Fund’s Covered Call Strategy. In effect, the Fund forgoes, during the life of the option, the opportunity to profit from increases in the market value of the underlying security or securities held by the Fund with respect to which the option was written above the sum of the premium and the exercise price. For index options, this will depend, in part, on the extent of correlation of the performance of the Fund’s portfolio securities with the performance of the relevant index. Although the Covered Call Strategy will generally limit the Fund’s ability to benefit from the full appreciation potential of its stock investments underlying the options, the Fund retains the risk of loss (less premiums received) if the value of these stock invests declines. This combination of potentially limited appreciation and full depreciation over time may lead to erosion in the value of the Fund’s portfolio, and the Fund’s performance may be lower than it otherwise would have been if it did not use the Covered Call Strategy.

There are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets. A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events. In the case of index options, the Investment Manager will attempt to maintain for the Fund written call option positions on equity indexes whose price movements, taken in the aggregate, are closely correlated with the price movements of securities held in the Fund’s stock portfolio. However, this strategy involves significant risk that the changes in value of the indexes underlying the Fund’s written call option positions will not correlate closely with changes in the market value of the corresponding securities held by the Fund. To the extent that there is a lack of correlation, movements in the indexes underlying the options positions may result in net losses to the Fund (including at times when the market values of securities held by the Fund are declining) that exceed option premiums received and any increase in value of the Fund’s corresponding portfolio securities. In these and other circumstances, the Fund may be required to sell portfolio securities to satisfy its obligations as the writer of an index call option, when it would not otherwise choose to do so, or may choose to sell portfolio securities to realize gains to supplement Fund distributions. Such sales would involve transaction costs borne by the Fund and may also result in realization of taxable capital gains, including short-term capital gains taxed at ordinary income tax rates, and may adversely impact the Fund’s after-tax returns.

The exercise price of an option may be adjusted downward before the option’s expiration as a result of the occurrence of certain corporate events affecting underlying securities, such as extraordinary dividends, stock splits, mergers, or other extraordinary distributions or events. A reduction in the exercise price of an option might reduce the Fund’s capital appreciation potential on underlying securities held by the Fund.

Listed Options Risk

When the Fund writes listed or exchange-traded options, a liquid secondary market may not exist on an exchange when the Fund seeks to close out an option position. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (1) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; (2) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; (3) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options; (4) unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (5) the facilities of an exchange or the OCC may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (6) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options). The value of options written by the Fund may be adversely affected if the market for the option is reduced or becomes illiquid. If trading were

 

56


discontinued, the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist. In addition, the hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which securities held by the Fund are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets. In addition, the Fund’s listed options transactions may be subject to limitations established by each of the exchanges, boards of trade or other trading facilities on which the options are traded. These limitations govern the maximum number of options in each class that may be written by a single investor or group of investors acting in concert, regardless of whether the options are written on the same or different exchanges, boards of trade or other trading facilities or are written in one or more accounts or through one or more brokers. Thus, the number of options that the Fund may write may be affected by options written by other investment advisory clients of the Investment Manager or its affiliates. An exchange, board of trade or other trading facility may order the liquidation of positions found to be in excess of these limits, and it may impose other sanctions.

Over-the-Counter Options Risk

The Fund may write unlisted (over-the counter) options, particularly with respect to foreign securities and indexes. Over-the-counter options differ from listed or exchange-traded options in that they are two-party contracts, with price and other terms negotiated between buyer and seller, and generally do not have as much market liquidity as exchange-traded options. The counterparties to these transactions will typically be major international banks, broker-dealers and financial institutions. The Fund may be required to treat over-the-counter options purchased, as well as securities being used to cover certain written over-the-counter options, as illiquid. The over-the-counter options written by the Fund will not be issued, guaranteed or cleared by the OCC. In addition, the Fund’s ability to terminate over-the-counter options may be more limited than with exchange-traded options and may involve enhanced risk that banks, broker-dealers or other financial institutions participating in such transactions will not fulfill their obligations. In the event of default or insolvency of the counterparty, the Fund may be unable to liquidate an over-the-counter option position.

Tax Risk

The tax treatment and characterization of the Fund’s distributions may vary significantly from time to time because of the varied nature of the Fund’s investments. Although the Fund intends to make distributions monthly, the ultimate tax characterization of the Fund’s distributions made in a taxable year cannot be determined finally until after the end of that taxable year. As a result, there is a possibility that the Fund may make total distributions during a taxable year in an amount that exceeds the net investment income and net capital gains of the Fund with respect to that year, in which case the excess generally will be treated as a return of capital that is tax-free to Common Shareholders, up to the amount of the shareholder’s tax basis in the applicable Common Shares, with any amounts exceeding such basis treated as gain from the sale of such Common Shares. In certain instances, the Fund may make distributions exceeding net capital gains for that year (as reduced by capital loss carryforwards) but not exceeding current earnings and profits, in which case those distributions will be taxable as ordinary income even though the Fund could have retained those gains without paying a tax thereon.

The tax treatment of the Fund’s options activity will vary based on the nature and subject of the options. Gains from premiums on call options written (sold) on individual stocks, and on certain indexes received by the Fund are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option. If an option written by the Fund on an individual stock is exercised and the Fund sells or delivers the underlying stock, the Fund generally will recognize short-term or long-term capital gain or loss, depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. If the Fund recognizes gain or loss on such an option with respect to any termination of the Fund’s obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option and the related sale or delivery of the underlying stock, the gain or loss will be short-term gain or loss.

 

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It is possible that certain of the index options written by the Fund will be subject to mark-to-market treatment, and gains or losses will be recognized based on the fair market value of such options at the end of the Fund’s taxable year (and, for purposes of the excise tax, on certain other dates prescribed under the Code); under this system, 60% of the gains or losses will be treated as long-term and 40% will be treated as short-term capital gains or losses. It is possible that certain of the call options and other instruments employed by the Fund (including purchased put options) will give rise to “straddles” under the Federal income tax rules. The straddle rules require the Fund to defer certain losses on positions within a straddle, and terminate or suspend the holding period for certain securities in which the Fund does not yet have a long-term holding period or has not yet satisfied the holding period required for qualified dividend income.

The Fund cannot assure you as to any level of monthly distributions that will be treated as ordinary income, cannot assure you as to any level of capital gains distributions and cannot assure you as to any ratio of monthly distributions to capital gain distributions. In addition, there can be no assurance as to the percentage (if any) of the Fund’s distributions that will qualify for taxation to individual stockholders as qualified dividend income, and thus be eligible for taxation at favorable rates applicable to long-term capital gains. The portion of the Fund’s monthly distributions that will be taxed to stockholders at ordinary income tax rates is unknown at this time and cannot be predicted with any certainty, and the Fund will not be managed in an attempt to reduce or minimize Fund distributions that are taxable to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates. Therefore, the Fund should not be viewed as a vehicle designed to maximize after-tax returns. See “Taxation.”

Foreign Securities Risk

Investments in foreign securities involve certain risks not involved in domestic investments, including, but not limited to:

 

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fluctuations in foreign exchange rates;

 

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adverse foreign economic, financial, political and social developments;

 

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different legal systems;

 

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the possible imposition of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or restrictions;

 

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lower trading volume;

 

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much greater volatility and illiquidity of certain foreign securities markets;

 

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different trading and settlement practices;

 

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less governmental supervision;

 

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regulation changes;

 

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changes in currency exchange rates;

 

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less publicly available information about companies due to less rigorous disclosure or accounting standards or regulatory practices;

 

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high and volatile rates of inflation;

 

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fluctuating interest rates; and

 

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different accounting, auditing and financial record-keeping standards and requirements.

The Fund may invest in securities of issuers located or doing substantial business in “emerging markets.” Investments in foreign securities, especially in emerging market countries, will expose the Fund to the direct or indirect consequences of political, social or economic changes in the countries that issue the securities or in which the issuers are located. Certain countries in which the Fund may invest, especially emerging market

 

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countries, have historically experienced, and may continue to experience, high rates of inflation, high interest rates, exchange rate fluctuations, large amounts of external debt, balance of payments and trade difficulties and extreme poverty and unemployment. Many of these countries are also characterized by political uncertainty and instability. The cost of servicing external debt will generally be adversely affected by rising international interest rates because many external debt obligations bear interest at rates which are adjusted based upon international interest rates. In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is a risk of:

 

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the possibility of expropriation of assets;

 

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confiscatory taxation;

 

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difficulty in obtaining or enforcing a court judgment;

 

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economic, political or social instability;

 

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the possibility that an issuer may not be able to make payments to investors outside of the issuer’s country; and

 

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diplomatic developments that could affect investments in those countries.

In addition, individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as:

 

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growth of gross domestic product;

 

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rates of inflation;

 

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capital reinvestment;

 

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resources;

 

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self-sufficiency; and

 

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balance of payments position.

Furthermore, certain investments in foreign securities also may be subject to foreign withholding taxes and dividend income the Fund receives from foreign securities may not be eligible for the reduced rates of taxation applicable to qualified dividend income.

As a result of these potential risks, the Investment Manager may determine that, notwithstanding otherwise favorable investment criteria, it may not be practicable or appropriate to invest in a particular country. The Fund may invest in countries in which foreign investors, including the Investment Manager, have had no or limited prior experience.

Because of less developed markets and economies and, in some countries, less mature governments and governmental institutions, the risks of investing in foreign securities can be intensified in the case of investments in issuers domiciled or doing substantial business in emerging market countries. These risks include high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of investors and financial intermediaries; political and social uncertainties; over-dependence on exports, especially with respect to primary commodities, making these economies vulnerable to changes in commodity prices; overburdened infrastructure and obsolete or unseasoned financial systems; environmental problems; less developed legal systems; and less reliable custodial services and settlement practices.

Foreign Currency Risk

Although the Fund will report its net asset value and pay dividends in U.S. dollars, foreign securities often are purchased with, and make interest payments in, foreign currencies. Therefore, when the Fund invests in

 

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foreign securities, it will be subject to foreign currency risk, which means that the Fund’s net asset value could decline as a result of changes in the exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar. Certain foreign countries may impose restrictions on the ability of issuers of foreign securities to make payment of principal and interest to investors located outside the country, due to blockage of foreign currency exchanges or otherwise.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that fixed-income securities such as preferred and debt securities, and to a lesser extent dividend-paying common stocks such as REIT common shares, will decline in value because of changes in market interest rates. When market interest rates rise, the market value of such securities generally will fall. Fixed income securities with longer periods before maturity are often more sensitive to interest rate changes. The Fund’s investment in such securities means that the net asset value and market price of Common Shares may tend to decline if market interest rates rise. Because investors generally look to REITs and utility companies for a stream of income, the prices of REIT and utility company shares may be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than are other equity securities. If the Fund is leveraged (i.e., borrows for investment purposes) it may be expected to have greater interest rate sensitivity.

During periods of declining interest rates, an issuer may be able to exercise an option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled which is generally known as call or prepayment risk. If this occurs, the Fund may be forced to reinvest in lower yielding securities. This is known as reinvestment risk. Preferred and debt securities frequently have call features that allow the issuer to repurchase the security prior to its stated maturity. An issuer may redeem an obligation if the issuer can refinance the debt at a lower cost due to declining interest rates or an improvement in the credit standing of the issuer.

During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of certain types of securities may be extended because of slower than expected principal payments. This may lock in a below market interest rate, increase the security’s duration and reduce the value of the security. This is known as extension risk.

Convertible Securities Risk

Although to a lesser extent than with non-convertible fixed income securities, the market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, tends to increase as interest rates decline. In addition, because of the conversion feature, the market value of convertible securities tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying common stock. A unique feature of convertible securities is that as the market price of the underlying common stock declines, convertible securities tend to trade increasingly on a yield basis, and so may not experience market value declines to the same extent as the underlying common stock. When the market price of the underlying common stock increases, the prices of the convertible securities tend to rise as a reflection of the value of the underlying common stock.

Credit Risk and Lower-Rated Securities Risk

Credit risk is the risk that a security in the Fund’s portfolio will decline in price or the issuer will fail to make dividend, interest or principal payments when due because the issuer of the security experiences a decline in its financial status. Preferred securities are subordinated to bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure, in terms of priority to corporate income and claim to corporate assets, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than debt instruments.

The Fund may invest in securities that are rated below investment grade. Securities rated below investment grade are regarded as having predominately speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal, and these bonds are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” These securities are subject to a greater risk of default. The prices of these lower grade securities are more sensitive to

 

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negative developments, such as a decline in the issuer’s revenues or a general economic downturn, than are the prices of higher grade securities. Lower grade securities tend to be less liquid than investment grade securities. The market values of lower grade securities tend to be more volatile than investment grade securities. A security will be considered to be investment grade if, at the time of investment, such security has a rating of “BBB” or higher by S&P, “Baa” or higher by Moody’s or an equivalent rating by a nationally recognized statistical rating agency, or, if unrated, such security is determined by the Investment Manager to be of comparable quality.

Lower-rated securities, or equivalent unrated securities, may be considered speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to make principal and interest payments. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of lower-rated securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher quality debt securities, and our ability to achieve our investment objective may, to the extent we are invested in lower-rated securities, be more dependent upon such creditworthiness analysis than would be the case if we were investing in higher quality securities. An issuer of these securities has a currently identifiable vulnerability to default and the issuer may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest. We will not invest in securities which are in default at the time of purchase.

The secondary markets in which lower-rated securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for higher grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading markets could adversely affect the price at which we could sell a particular lower-rated security when necessary to meet liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event, such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer, and could adversely affect and cause large fluctuations in the net asset value of our shares. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions may decrease the values and liquidity of high yield securities.

It is reasonable to expect that any adverse economic conditions could disrupt the market for lower-rated securities, have an adverse impact on the value of those securities and adversely affect the ability of the issuers of those securities to repay principal or interest on those securities. New laws and proposed new laws may adversely impact the market for lower-rated securities.

Qualified Dividend Tax Risk

There can be no assurance as to what portion of the distributions paid to the Fund’s stockholders will consist of tax-advantaged qualified dividend income. For taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, certain distributions designated by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of non-corporate shareholders at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met by both the Fund and the holders. Additional requirements apply in determining whether distributions by foreign issuers should be regarded as qualified dividend income. Certain investment strategies of the Fund will limit the Fund’s ability to meet these requirements and consequently will limit the amount of qualified dividend income received and distributed by the Fund. A change in the favorable provisions of the Federal tax laws with respect to qualified dividends may effect a widespread reduction in announced dividends and may adversely impact the valuation of the shares of dividend-paying companies.

Dividend Strategy Risk

It is difficult to anticipate the level of dividends that companies will pay in any given timeframe. The use of a dividend capture strategy requires the Investment Manager to identify and exploit opportunities such as the announcement of major corporate actions, such as restructuring initiatives or a special dividend, that may lead to high current dividend income. These situations are typically not recurring in nature or frequency, may be difficult to predict and may not result in an opportunity from which the Fund can benefit. In addition, the dividend policies of the Fund’s target companies are heavily influenced by the current economic climate and the favorable Federal tax treatment afforded to dividends. Challenging economic conditions, affecting either the market as a whole or a specific investment in the Fund’s portfolio, may limit the opportunity to benefit from the current dividend policies of the companies in which the Fund invests or may cause such companies to reduce or

 

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eliminate their dividends. In addition, a change in the favorable provisions of the Federal tax laws may limit your ability to benefit from dividend increases or special dividends, may effect a widespread reduction in announced dividends and may adversely impact the valuation of the shares of dividend-paying companies. The use of dividend capture strategies will expose the Fund to increased trading costs and potential for capital loss or gain, particularly in the event of significant short-term price movements of stocks subject to dividend capture trading.

In addition, dividend capture trades may be made without regard to whether any dividends may qualify for the reduced Federal income tax rates applicable to qualified dividends under the Code. As a result, there can be no assurance as to what portion of the Fund’s distributions will be designated as qualified dividend income.

Short Sale Risk

The Fund is permitted to engage in short sales of securities. When transacting a short sale, the Fund must borrow the security sold to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement. The price at such time may be higher or lower than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund.

A short sale will be successful if the shorted security price decreases. However, if the underlying security goes up in price during the period during which the short position is outstanding, the Fund will realize a loss. The risk on a short sale is unlimited because the Fund must buy the shorted security at the higher price to complete the transaction. Therefore, short sales may be riskier than investments in long positions. With a long position the maximum sustainable loss is limited to the amount paid for the security plus the transaction costs, whereas there is no maximum attainable price of the shorted security.

The Fund would also incur increased transaction costs associated with selling securities short. In addition, if the Fund sells securities short, it must maintain a segregated account with its custodian containing cash or high-grade securities equal to (i) the greater of the current market value of the stocks sold short or the market value of such securities at the time they were sold short, less (ii) any collateral deposited with the Fund’s broker (not including the proceeds from the short sales). The Fund may be required to add to the segregated account as the market price of a shorted security increases. As a result of maintaining and adding to its segregated account, the Fund may maintain higher levels of cash or liquid assets (for example, U.S. Treasury bills, repurchased agreements, high quality commercial paper and long equity positions) for collateral needs thus reducing its overall managed assets available for trading purposes.

Strategic Transactions Risk

Strategic Transactions have risks, including the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying assets, the possible default of the other party to the transaction or illiquidity of the derivative instruments. Furthermore, the ability to successfully use Strategic Transactions depends on the Investment Manager’s ability to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. Successful use of Strategic Transactions depends on the Investment Manager’s ability to predict correctly market movements, which, of course, cannot be assured. Thus, the use of Strategic Transactions may result in losses greater than if they had not been used, may require the Fund to sell or purchase portfolio securities at inopportune times or for prices other than current market values, may limit the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on an investment, or may cause the Fund to hold a security that it might otherwise sell. Additionally, amounts paid by the Fund as premiums and cash or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to Strategic Transactions are not otherwise available to the Fund for investment purposes. A more complete discussion of Strategic Transactions and their risks is contained in the Fund’s SAI.

Strategic Transactions entered into to seek to manage the risks of the Fund’s portfolio of securities may have the effect of limiting the gains from favorable market movements. Strategic Transactions involve risks, including (1) that the loss on the Strategic Transaction position may be larger than the gain in a portfolio position

 

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being hedged and (2) that the derivative instruments used in Strategic Transactions may not be liquid and may require the Fund to pay additional amounts of money. Losses on Strategic Transactions may reduce the Fund’s net asset value and its ability to pay dividends if they are not offset by gains on the portfolio positions being hedged.

The Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to any derivative contracts purchased by the Fund. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding. The Fund may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in such circumstances.

Senior Loans Risk

The risks associated with senior loans are similar to the risks of junk bonds, although senior loans are typically senior and secured, whereas junk bonds are often subordinated and unsecured. Investments in senior loans are typically below investment grade and are considered speculative because of the credit risk of their issuers. Such companies are more likely to default on their payments of interest and principal owed. An economic downturn generally leads to a higher non-payment rate, and a senior loan may lose significant value before a default occurs. There is no assurance that the liquidation of the collateral would satisfy the claims of the borrower’s obligations in the event of the nonpayment of scheduled interest or principal, or that the collateral could be readily liquidated. Economic and other events (whether real or perceived) can reduce the demand for certain senior loans or senior loans generally, which may reduce market prices. Senior loans and other debt securities are also subject to the risk of price declines and to increases in prevailing interest rates, although floating-rate debt instruments are substantially less exposed to this risk than fixed-rate debt instruments.

Mortgage-Related and Asset-Backed Securities Risk

The risks associated with mortgage-related securities include: (1) credit risk associated with the performance of the underlying mortgage properties and of the borrowers owning these properties; (2) adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, which are more likely to have an adverse impact on mortgage-related securities secured by loans on certain types of commercial properties than on those secured by loans on residential properties; (3) prepayment risk, which can lead to significant fluctuations in value of the mortgage-related security; (4) loss of all or part of the premium, if any, paid; and (5) decline in the market value of the security, whether resulting from changes in interest rates or prepayments on the underlying mortgage collateral.

Asset-backed securities involve certain risks in addition to those presented by mortgage-related securities: (1) primarily, these securities do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the underlying collateral as mortgage-related securities and are more dependent on the borrower’s ability to pay; (2) credit card receivables are generally unsecured, and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and Federal consumer credit laws, many of which give debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due; and (3) most issuers of automobile receivables permit the servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If these obligations are sold to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the related automobile receivables. In addition, because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issuance and technical requirements under state laws, the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not have an effective security interest in all of the obligations backing such receivables. There is a possibility that recoveries on repossessed collateral may not, in some cases, be able to support payments on these securities.

Risks of Securities Linked to the Energy Sector

Closed-end funds selected from the Closed-End Funds Strategy may concentrate in the energy sector. The energy sector can be significantly affected by the supply of and demand for specific products and services,

 

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the supply and demand for oil and gas, the price of oil and gas, exploration and production spending, government regulation, world events and economic conditions. The natural resources sector can be significantly affected by events relating to international political developments, energy conservation, the success of exploration projects, commodity prices, and tax and government regulations. At times, the performance of securities of companies in the energy and natural resources sector will lag the performance of other sectors or the broader market as a whole. Other risks inherent in investing in the energy and natural resources sectors include those associated with: (1) the volatility of commodity prices; (2) a decrease in the production of natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, coal or other energy commodities or a decrease in the volume of such commodities available for transportation, mining, processing, storage or distribution; (3) a decline in demand for such commodities; (4) the inability to cost-effectively acquire additional reserves sufficient to replace depletion in resources used by energy and natural resources companies; and (5) stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies, which would likely increase compliance costs.

MLP Risk

An investment in MLP units involves some risks that differ from an investment in the common stock of a corporation. Holders of MLP units have limited control and voting rights on matters affecting the partnership. Although common unitholders are generally limited in their liability, similar to a corporation’s shareholders, creditors typically have the right to seek the return of distributions made to such unitholders if the liability in question arose before the distribution was paid. This liability may stay attached to the common unitholder even after the units are sold. Investing in MLPs involves certain risks related to investing in the underlying assets of the MLPs and risks associated with pooled investment vehicles. MLPs holding credit-related investments are subject to interest rate risk and the risk of default on payment obligations by debt issuers. MLPs that concentrate in a particular industry or a particular geographic region are subject to risks associated with such industry or region. Investments held by MLPs may be relatively illiquid, limiting the MLPs’ ability to vary their portfolios promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions. MLPs may have limited financial resources, their securities may trade infrequently and in limited volume, and they may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than securities of larger or more broadly based companies.

Certain diversification requirements imposed by the Code will limit the Fund’s ability to invest in MLP securities. In addition, the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective may depend in part on the level of taxable income and distributions and dividends received from the MLP securities in which the Fund invests, a factor over which the Fund has no control. The benefit derived from our investment in MLPs is largely dependent on the MLPs being treated as partnerships for Federal income tax purposes. If an MLP were classified as a corporation for Federal income tax purposes, the amount of cash available for distribution would be reduced and distributions received by us would be taxed entirely as dividend income.

As a limited partner in the MLPs in which the Fund invests, the Fund will receive a pro rata share of income, gains, losses and deductions from those MLPs. Historically, a significant portion of income from such MLPs has been offset by tax deductions. Common Shareholders will incur a current tax liability on that portion of an MLP’s income and gains that is not offset by tax deductions and losses. The percentage of an MLP’s income and gains that is offset by tax deductions and losses will fluctuate over time for various reasons.

Royalty and Income Trusts Risk

Royalty and income trusts generally make single-sector or even single-enterprise investments, and their investments are therefore sensitive to business cycles, particularly real estate or commodities trusts, and certain trusts may be considered partnerships and their interests do not provide the same limited liability protection as common stocks. Distributions from these trusts may include return of capital invested and, since valuation of a trust’s unit is most frequently driven by a multiple of the entire distribution, units of a trust distributing returns of capital may be priced above their economic value. Royalty trusts and income trusts do not guarantee minimum distributions or even return of capital, and if a trust’s investments lose money, the trust can reduce or even

 

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eliminate distributions, which will typically be accompanied by a loss in the market value of trust units. To the extent these trusts pay out more than their net income (returns of capital), the trusts’ capital will decline over time. To the extent that the value of royalty trusts or income trusts is driven by the deferral or reduction of tax, any change in government tax regulations to remove the benefit will reduce the trusts’ market value. Royalty trusts and income trusts frequently are found in Canada, and an investment in a Canadian trust will be subject to certain additional risks of investing in foreign securities.

Restricted and Illiquid Securities Risk

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its managed assets in restricted securities and other investments that may be illiquid. Illiquid securities are securities that are not readily marketable and may include some restricted securities, which are securities that may not be resold to the public without an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or, if they are unregistered, may be sold only in a privately negotiated transaction or pursuant to an exemption from registration. Illiquid investments involve the risk that the securities will not be able to be sold at the time desired by the Fund or at prices approximating the value at which the Fund is carrying the securities on its books.

Leverage Risk

The Fund intends to seek to enhance its dividend yield and total return potential through leverage of approximately 20% of its managed assets (including the amount obtained from leverage) through issuing preferred shares or through Borrowings and could engage in leverage up to the maximum permitted by the 1940 Act. Leverage is a speculative technique and there are special risks and costs associated with leveraging. If the Fund utilizes leverage, the fees paid to the Investment Manager and the Subadvisors for investment advisory and management services will be higher than if the Fund did not utilize leverage because the fees paid will be calculated based on the Fund’s managed assets, which include the liquidation preference of preferred shares and the principal amount of outstanding Borrowings used for leverage. For a more detailed description of the risks associated with leverage, see “Use of Leverage—Leverage Risk.”

Interest Rate Transactions Risk

The Fund may enter into a swap or cap transaction to attempt to protect itself from increasing dividend or interest expenses resulting from increasing short-term interest rates on any leverage it incurs. A decline in interest rates may result in a decline in the value of the swap or cap which may result in a decline in the net asset value of the Fund. A sudden and dramatic decline in interest rates may result in a significant decline in the net asset value of the Fund. See “Use of Leverage—Interest Rate Transactions.”

Risk of Market Price Discount From Net Asset Value

Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their net asset value. This characteristic is a risk separate and distinct from the risk that net asset value could decrease as a result of investment activities and may be greater for investors expecting to sell their shares in a relatively short period following completion of this offering. Net asset value will be reduced immediately following the offering of Common Shares by the sales load and the amount of organizational and offering expenses paid by the Fund. Whether investors will realize gains or losses upon the sale of the shares will depend not upon the Fund’s net asset value but entirely upon whether the market price of the shares at the time of sale is above or below the investor’s purchase price for the shares. Because the market price of the shares will be determined by factors such as relative supply of and demand for shares in the market, general market and economic conditions, and other factors beyond the control of the Fund, we cannot predict whether the Common Shares will trade at, above or below net asset value, or at below or above the initial public offering price. The expenses of any preferred stock issuance by the Fund would be borne by Common Shareholders, which will result in a reduction of the net asset value of the Common Shares.

 

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ADDITIONAL RISK CONSIDERATIONS

Portfolio Turnover Risk

The techniques and strategies contemplated by the Fund might result in a high degree of portfolio turnover. Although the Fund cannot accurately predict its annual portfolio turnover rate, it may be greater than 100%. There are no limits on the rate of portfolio turnover, and investments may be sold without regard to length of time held when the Fund’s investment strategy so dictates. Higher portfolio turnover rates would result in corresponding increases in brokerage commissions and may generate short-term capital gains taxable as ordinary income.

Inflation Risk

Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investment will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the Common Shares and distributions can decline and the dividend or interest payments in connection with any leverage used by the Fund may increase. In addition, during any periods of rising inflation, preferred share dividend rates would likely increase, which would tend to further reduce returns to Common Shareholders.

Non-Diversified Status

The Fund is classified as a “non-diversified” investment company under the 1940 Act, which means we are not limited by the 1940 Act in the proportion of our assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. However, we intend to conduct our operations so as to qualify as a regulated investment company for purposes of the Code, which generally will relieve the Fund of any liability for Federal income tax to the extent our earnings are distributed to stockholders. See “Taxation” in the SAI. To so qualify, among other requirements, we will limit our investments so that, at the close of each quarter of the taxable year, (i) not more than 25% of the value of our managed assets will be invested in the securities (other than U.S. Government securities or the securities of other regulated investment companies) of a single issuer, or two or more issuers which the Fund controls and are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses and (ii) at least 50% of the value of our managed assets will be invested in cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities; provided, however, that with respect to such other securities, not more than 5% of the value of our managed assets will be invested in the securities of a single issuer and we will not own more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of a single issuer. The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 provides that for purposes of the diversification requirements described above, the outstanding voting securities of any issuer include the equity securities of a “qualified publicly traded partnership,” as defined in the Code, and no more than 25% of the value of our managed assets may be invested in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. Because we, as a non-diversified investment company, may invest in a smaller number of individual issuers than a diversified investment company, an investment in the Fund presents greater risk to you than an investment in a diversified company.

Risk of Anti-Takeover Provisions

Certain provisions of our Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws could have the effect of limiting the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to modify our structure. The provisions may have the effect of depriving you of an opportunity to sell your shares at a premium over prevailing market prices and may have the effect of inhibiting conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company. These include provisions for staggered terms of office for Directors, super-majority voting requirements for merger, consolidation, liquidation, termination and asset sale transactions, amendments to the Articles of Incorporation and conversion to open-end status. See “Description of Shares” and “Certain Provisions of the Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws.”

 

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Market Disruption Risk

The aftermath of the war in Iraq and the continuing occupation of Iraq, instability in the Middle East and terrorist attacks in the United States and around the world have resulted in recent market volatility and may have long-term effects on the U.S. and worldwide financial markets and may cause further economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide. The Fund does not know how long the securities markets would be affected by similar events in the future.

HOW THE FUND MANAGES RISK

Investment Limitations

The Fund has adopted certain investment limitations designed to limit investment risk that are fundamental and may not be changed without the approval of the holders of a “majority of the outstanding” (as defined below) Common Shares and, if issued, preferred shares voting as a single class, and the approval of the holders of a majority of the preferred shares voting as a separate class. Under these limitations, the Fund may not: (1) issue senior securities (including borrowing money for other than temporary purposes) except in conformity with the limits set forth in the 1940 Act or pursuant to exemptive relief therefrom, or pledge, mortgage or hypothecate its assets other than to secure such issuances or borrowings or in connection with permitted investment strategies; (2) act as an underwriter of securities issued by other persons; (3) purchase or sell real estate or mortgages on real estate; (4) purchase or sell commodities or commodity futures contracts; (5) make loans to other persons except through the lending of securities held by it; or (6) invest more than 25% of its managed assets in securities of issuers in any one industry. Further information about and exceptions to these limitations are contained in the SAI under “Investment Objective and Policies.” The Fund’s investment objective also may not be changed without stockholder approval. For these purposes, a “majority of the outstanding” shares means the lesser of (a) 67% of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities present at a stockholder meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities.

The Fund may become subject to guidelines that are more limiting than its investment restrictions in order to obtain and maintain ratings from nationally recognized rating agencies on any preferred shares that it issues. The Fund does not anticipate that such guidelines would have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s Common Shareholders or the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. See “Investment Objective and Policies” in the SAI for a complete list of the fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies of the Fund.

Management of Investment Portfolio and Capital Structure to Limit Leverage Risk

The Fund may take certain actions if short-term interest rates increase or market conditions otherwise change (or the Fund anticipates such an increase or change) and the Fund has incurred leverage which begins (or is expected) to adversely affect Common Shareholders. In order to attempt to offset such a negative impact of leverage on Common Shareholders, the Fund may attempt to shorten the average maturity of its overall investment portfolio or may reduce any indebtedness or extend the maturity of any outstanding preferred shares or reduce any Borrowings. The Fund may also attempt to reduce the leverage by redeeming or otherwise purchasing any preferred shares. As explained above under “Use of Leverage—Leverage Risk,” the success of any such attempt to limit leverage risk depends on the Investment Manager’s ability to accurately predict interest rate or other market changes. Because of the difficulty of making such predictions, the Fund may never attempt to manage its capital structure in the manner described in this paragraph.

If the Fund incurs leverage and market conditions suggest that additional leverage would be beneficial, the Fund may sell previously unissued preferred shares or preferred shares that the Fund previously issued but later repurchased or otherwise increase Borrowings.

 

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Strategic Transactions

The Fund may enter into Strategic Transactions to manage risk. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Strategic Transactions Risk.”

Limited Issuance of Fund Preferred Shares and Borrowings

The Fund is limited under the 1940 Act in the amount of preferred shares it may issue and the level of Borrowings it may incur. See “Description of Shares—Limited Issuance of Fund Preferred Shares and Borrowings.”

MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND

The business and affairs of the Fund are managed under the direction of the Board of Directors. The Directors approve all significant agreements between the Fund and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including the Fund’s agreement with its Investment Manager, sub-administrator, custodian and transfer agent. The management of the Fund’s day-to-day operations is delegated to its officers, the Investment Manager and the Fund’s sub-administrator, subject always to the investment objective and policies of the Fund and to the general supervision of the Directors. The names and business addresses of the Directors and officers of the Fund and their principal occupations and other affiliations during the past five years are set forth under “Management of the Fund” in the SAI.

Investment Manager

Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc., with offices located at 280 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017, has been retained to provide investment advice, and, in general, to conduct the management and investment program of the Fund under the overall supervision and control of the Directors of the Fund. The Investment Manager, a registered investment adviser, was formed in 1986, and as of March 31, 2007 had $33.6 billion of assets under management. Its clients include pension plans, endowment funds and registered investment companies, including some of the largest open-end and closed-end real estate funds. The Cohen & Steers Funds invest in U.S. and non-U.S. real estate investment trusts and other real estate securities, utility securities, preferred and other fixed income securities and dividend paying large-cap value securities. The Investment Manager is a wholly owned subsidiary of Cohen & Steers, Inc., a publicly traded company whose common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “CNS.”

Investment Management Agreement

Under its Investment Management Agreement with the Fund, the Investment Manager furnishes a continuous investment program for the Fund’s portfolio, makes the day-to-day investment decisions for the Fund, and generally manages the Fund’s investments in accordance with the stated policies of the Fund, subject to the general supervision of the Board of Directors of the Fund. The Investment Manager will be responsible for the overall management of the Fund’s portfolio and for the supervision and ongoing monitoring of the Subadvisors. References in this prospectus to activities and responsibilities of the Investment Manager may be performed by one or more of the Subadvisors pursuant to its subadvisory agreements with the Subadvisors. The Investment Manager also performs certain administrative services for the Fund and provides persons satisfactory to the Directors of the Fund to serve as officers of the Fund. Such officers, as well as certain other employees and Directors of the Fund, may be directors, officers or employees of the Investment Manager.

For its services under the Investment Management Agreement, the Fund will pay the Investment Manager a monthly investment management fee computed at the annual rate of 1.00% of average daily managed assets (i.e., the net asset value of the Common Shares plus the liquidation preference of any preferred shares and

 

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the principal amount of any Borrowings used for leverage). In addition to the monthly management fee, the Fund pays all other costs and expenses of its operations, including compensation of its Directors, custodian, transfer agency and dividend disbursing expenses, legal fees, expenses of independent auditors, expenses of repurchasing shares, expenses of issuing any preferred shares, listing expenses, expenses of preparing, printing and distributing stockholder reports, notices, proxy statements and reports to governmental agencies, and taxes, if any. If the Fund utilizes leverage, the fees paid to the Investment Manager and Subadvisors for investment advisory and management services will be higher than if the Fund did not utilize leverage because the fees paid will be calculated based on the Fund’s managed assets, which includes the net asset value of the Common Shares, the liquidation preference of any preferred shares and the principal amount of any Borrowings used for leverage. The Fund’s investment management fees and other expenses are paid only by the Common Shareholders and not by holders of the preferred shares. See “Use of Leverage.”

Subadvisors

The Investment Manager has entered into Subadvisory Agreements with three of its affiliated registered investment advisors, Cohen & Steers Europe S.A., Cohen & Steers Asia Limited and Cohen & Steers UK Limited, all of which also are direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of CNS.

Each of the Subadvisors provides investment advisory and research services to the Investment Manager in connection with managing the Fund’s investments. CNS Europe is located at 166 Chaussee de la Hulpe, 1170 Brussels, Belgium, CNS UK is located at 21 Sackville Street, 4th floor, London, U.K., and CNS Asia is located at 1202, Citibank Tower, Citibank Plaza, 3 Garden Road, Central, Hong Kong.

For their services under the Subadvisory Agreement between the Investment Manager and each Subadvisor, the Investment Manager (not the Fund) pays CNS Europe, CNS UK and CNS Asia a fee of 5.00%, 5.00% and 10.00%, respectively, of the investment management fees received by the Investment Manager from the Fund.

Portfolio Managers

The Fund’s portfolio managers are:

Martin Cohen—Mr. Cohen is a founder of the Investment Manager and is currently Co-Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Investment Manager and CNS. Mr. Cohen is a “controlling person” of the Investment Manager on the basis of his ownership of CNS stock.

Robert H. Steers—Mr. Steers is a founder of the Investment Manager and is currently Co-Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Investment Manager and CNS. Mr. Steers is a “controlling person” of the Investment Manager on the basis of his ownership of CNS stock.

Joseph M. Harvey—Mr. Harvey joined the Investment Manager in 1992 and currently serves as President of the Investment Manager and CNS. Mr. Harvey also is the Investment Manager’s global chief investment officer. Prior to 2003, he served as Senior Vice President and director of investment research for the Investment Manager.

Robert S. Becker—Mr. Becker joined the Investment Manager as a Senior Vice President in 2003. Mr. Becker is the director of the Investment Manager’s utility investment team. Prior to joining the Investment Manager, Mr. Becker was a co-portfolio manager of the Franklin Utilities Fund at Franklin Templeton Investments. Mr. Becker has previously held positions in equity research for the utility sector at Salomon Smith Barney and Scudder, Stevens and Clark.

 

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Douglas R. Bond—Mr. Bond joined the Investment Manager as an Executive Vice President in June 2004. Mr. Bond is the director of the Investment Manager’s closed-end funds investment team. Prior to that time, Mr. Bond worked at Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. for 23 years, most recently as first vice president where he was responsible for asset managers and funds. Between 1992 and May 2004, Mr. Bond ran Merrill Lynch’s closed-end fund new issue origination effort and was involved in all closed-end funds underwritten by Merrill Lynch during this period.

James S. Corl—Mr. Corl joined the Investment Manager in 1997 and currently serves as Executive Vice President of the Investment Manager and CNS. Mr. Corl also is the chief investment officer for the Investment Manager’s real estate securities portfolios. Previously, he served as Senior Vice President and director of investment strategy for the Investment Manager.

Richard E. Helm—Mr. Helm serves as a Senior Vice President of the Investment Manager and head of its large cap value portfolio management team. Prior to joining the Investment Manager in 2005, Mr. Helm had been a senior portfolio manager of WM Advisors, Inc. since 2001. Mr. Helm is a Chartered Financial Analyst.

Yigal D. Jhirad— Mr. Jhirad joined the Investment Manager in 2007 as a Senior Vice President and director of quantitative research and hedging strategies. Prior to joining the Investment Manager, Mr. Jhirad was an executive director in the institutional equities division of Morgan Stanley heading the portfolio and derivatives strategies effort where he was involved in developing, implementing and marketing quantitative and derivatives products to institutional clients.

William F. Scapell—Mr. Scapell joined the Investment Manager as a Senior Vice President in 2003. Mr. Scapell is a director of the Investment Manager’s preferred securities investment team. Prior to joining the Investment Manager, Mr. Scapell was a director in the fixed-income research department of Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc., where he was also its chief strategist for preferred securities. Mr. Scapell is a Chartered Financial Analyst.

The Investment Manager and the Subadvisors utilize a team-based approach in managing the Fund.

Mr. Cohen, Mr. Steers and Mr. Harvey are the leaders of this team. Messrs. Becker, Bond, Corl, Helm, Jhirad and Scapell direct and supervise the execution of the Fund’s investment strategy, and lead and guide other members of the global investment team.

See “Compensation of Directors and Certain Officers” and “Investment Advisory and Other Services” in the SAI for further information about the Fund’s portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and the portfolio managers’ ownership of securities in the Fund.

Administration and Sub-Administration Agreement

Under its Administration Agreement with the Fund, the Investment Manager will have responsibility for providing administrative services and assisting the Fund with operational needs, including providing administrative services necessary for the operations of the Fund and furnishing office space and facilities required for conducting the business of the Fund.

In accordance with the Administration Agreement and with the approval of the Board of Directors of the Fund, the Fund has entered into an agreement with State Street Bank as sub-administrator under a fund accounting and administration agreement (the “Sub-Administration Agreement”). Under the Sub-Administration Agreement, State Street Bank has assumed responsibility for certain fund administration services.

 

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Under the Administration Agreement, the Fund pays the Investment Manager an amount equal to, on an annual basis, 0.08% of the Fund’s average daily managed assets. Under the Sub-Administration Agreement, the Fund pays State Street Bank a monthly sub-administration fee. The sub-administration fee paid by the Fund to State Street Bank is computed on the basis of the average daily managed assets in the Fund at an annual rate equal to 0.03% of the first $2.2 billion in assets, 0.02% of the next $2.2 billion and 0.01% of assets in excess of $4.4 billion, with a minimum fee of $120,000. The aggregate fee paid by the Fund and the other funds in the Cohen & Steers fund complex to State Street Bank is computed by calculating the effective rate for all the funds and multiplying the monthly average net assets of each respective fund in the complex by that effective rate. For those funds with preferred shares or borrowings outstanding, the monthly average net assets will be adjusted by the monthly average liquidation preference of the preferred shares. The Fund is then responsible for its pro rata amount of the aggregate administration fee. State Street Bank also serves as the Fund’s custodian and The Bank of New York has been retained to serve as the Fund’s transfer agent, dividend disbursing agent and registrar. See “Custodian, Transfer Agent, Dividend Disbursing Agent and Registrar.”

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

Level Rate Dividend Policy

Subject to the determination of the Board of Directors to implement a Managed Dividend Policy, as discussed below, commencing with the Fund’s first dividend, the Fund intends to implement a Level Rate Dividend Policy, pursuant to which the Fund intends to make regular monthly cash distributions to Common Shareholders at a level rate based on the projected performance of the Fund, which rate is a fixed dollar amount which may be adjusted from time to time. The tax treatment and characterization of the Fund’s distributions may vary significantly from time to time because of the varied nature of the Fund’s investments. Although the Fund intends to make distributions monthly, the ultimate tax characterization of the Fund’s distributions made in a taxable year cannot be determined finally until after the end of that taxable year.

Distributions can only be made from net investment income after making any required payments on any interest rate transactions. The Fund’s ability to maintain a level dividend rate will depend on a number of factors, including the stability of income received from its investments. Over time, the Fund will distribute all of its net investment income. In addition, at least annually, the Fund intends to distribute all of its net realized capital gains, if any, to stockholders. The Fund expects to declare the initial monthly dividend on the Common Shares within approximately 45 days, and paid approximately 60 to 75 days, from the completion of this offering, depending on market conditions. The net income of the Fund consists of all income accrued on portfolio assets less all expenses of the Fund. Expenses of the Fund are accrued each day. At times, to maintain a stable level of distributions, the Fund may pay out less than all of its net investment income or pay out accumulated undistributed income, or return capital, in addition to current net investment income. To permit the Fund to maintain a more stable monthly distribution, the Fund will initially distribute less than the entire amount of net investment income earned in a particular period. The undistributed net investment income would be available to supplement future distributions. As a result, the distributions paid by the Fund for any particular monthly period may be more or less than the amount of net investment income actually earned by the Fund during the period. Undistributed net investment income will be added to the Fund’s net asset value and, correspondingly, distributions from undistributed net investment income will be deducted from the Fund’s net asset value. See “Taxation.”

Managed Dividend Policy

The Fund, the Investment Manager and all of the existing closed-end funds managed by the Investment Manager have filed an exemptive application with the Securities and Exchange Commission seeking an order under the 1940 Act facilitating the implementation of a Managed Dividend Policy. However, there is no assurance that exemptive relief will ultimately be granted. As a result, the Fund may not be in a position to

 

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include long-term capital gains in Fund distributions more frequently than is permitted under the 1940 Act, thus leaving the Fund with the possibility of variability in distributions (and their tax attributes). If the requested relief is received, the Fund may, subject to the determination of its Board of Directors, implement a Managed Dividend Policy. Under a Managed Dividend Policy, if, for any distribution, net investment income and net realized capital gains were less than the amount of the distribution, the difference would be distributed from the Fund’s assets and would constitute a return of capital. The Fund’s final distribution for each calendar year would include any remaining net investment income and net realized capital gain undistributed during the year. In the event the Fund distributed in any calendar year amounts in excess of net investment income and net realized capital gain (such excess, the “Excess”), such distribution would decrease the Fund’s assets and, therefore, have the likely effect of increasing the Fund’s expense ratio. There is a risk that the Fund would not eventually realize capital gains in an amount corresponding to a distribution of the Excess. In addition, in order to make such distributions, the Fund may have to sell a portion of its investment portfolio at a time when independent investment judgment might not dictate such action.

A Managed Dividend Policy may require certain distributions that may be deemed a return of capital for tax purposes. For each taxable year, the Excess generally will be treated as a return of capital that is tax-free to the Common Shareholders, up to the amount of the stockholder’s tax basis in the applicable Common Shares, with any amounts exceeding such basis treated as gain from the sale of such Common Shares. In certain instances, the Fund may make distributions exceeding net capital gains for that year (as reduced by capital loss carryforwards) but not exceeding current earnings and profits, in which case those distributions will be taxable as ordinary income even though the Fund could have retained those gains without paying a tax thereon.

There is no guarantee that the Board of Directors will determine to implement a Managed Dividend Policy. The Board of Directors reserves the right to change the dividend policy from time to time.

A Level Rate Distribution Policy or a Managed Dividend Policy would result in the payment of distributions in approximately the same amount or percentage to Common Shareholders each month. If the source of the dividend or other distribution were the original capital contribution of the Common Shareholder, and the payment amounted to a return of capital, the Fund would be required to provide written disclosure to that effect. Nevertheless, Common Shareholders who periodically receive the payment of a dividend or other distribution may be under the impression that they are receiving net profits when they are not. Common Shareholders should read any written disclosure regarding dividends or other distributions carefully, and should not assume that the source of any distribution from the Fund is net profits.

Dividend Reinvestment Plan

The Fund has a dividend reinvestment plan commonly referred to as an “opt-out” plan. Each Common Shareholder who participates in the Plan will have all distributions of dividends and capital gains automatically reinvested in additional Common Shares by The Bank of New York as agent (the “Plan Agent”). Common Shareholders who elect not to participate in the Plan will receive all distributions in cash paid by check mailed directly to the stockholder of record (or if the shares are held in street or other nominee name, then to the nominee) by the Plan Agent, as dividend disbursing agent. Common Shareholders whose Common Shares are held in the name of a broker or nominee should contact the broker or nominee to determine whether and how they may participate in the Plan.

The Plan Agent serves as agent for the Common Shareholders in administering the Plan. After the Fund declares a dividend or makes a capital gain distribution, the Plan Agent will, as agent for the stockholders, either (i) receive the cash payment and use it to buy Common Shares in the open market, on the New York Stock Exchange or elsewhere, for the participants’ accounts or (ii) distribute newly issued Common Shares of the Fund on behalf of the participants. The Plan Agent will receive cash from the Fund with which to buy Common Shares in the open market if, on the distribution payment date, the net asset value per share exceeds the market price per Common Share plus estimated brokerage commissions on that date. The Plan Agent will receive the dividend or

 

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distribution in newly issued Common Shares of the Fund if, on the payment date, the market price per share plus estimated brokerage commissions equals or exceeds the net asset value per share of the Fund on that date. The number of shares to be issued will be computed at a per share rate equal to the greater of (i) the net asset value or (ii) 95% of the closing market price per Common Share on the payment date.

Participants in the Plan may withdraw from the plan upon notice to the Plan Agent. Such withdrawal will be effective immediately if received not less than ten days prior to a distribution record date; otherwise, it will be effective for all subsequent distributions. When a participant withdraws from the Plan or upon termination of the Plan as provided below, certificates for whole Common Shares credited to his or her account under the Plan will be issued and a cash payment will be made for any fraction of a Common Share credited to such account. If any participant elects to have the Plan Agent sell all or part of his or her shares and remit the proceeds, the Plan Agent is authorized to deduct a $15.00 fee plus $.10 per share brokerage commissions.

In the case of stockholders, such as banks, brokers or nominees, which hold Common Shares for others who are the beneficial owners, the Plan Agent will administer the Plan on the basis of the number of Common Shares certified from time to time by the record stockholders as representing the total amount registered in the record stockholder’s name and held for the account of beneficial owners who are participants in the Plan. Common Shares may be purchased through any of the underwriters, acting as broker or, after the completion of this offering, acting as dealer.

The Plan Agent’s fees for the handling of reinvestment of dividends and other distributions will be paid by the Fund. Each participant will pay a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred with respect to the Plan Agent’s open market purchases in connection with the reinvestment of distributions. There are no other charges to participants for reinvesting dividends or capital gain distributions. Purchases and/or sales are usually made through a broker affiliated with The Bank of New York.

Experience under the Plan may indicate that changes are desirable. Accordingly, the Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan as applied to any distribution paid subsequent to written notice of the change sent to all stockholders of the Fund at least 90 days before the record date for the dividend or distribution. The Plan also may be amended or terminated by the Plan Agent by at least 90 days’ written notice to all stockholders of the Fund. All correspondence concerning the Plan should be directed to the Plan Agent by telephone at (800) 432-8224.

The automatic reinvestment of dividends and other distributions will not relieve participants of any income tax that may be payable or required to be withheld on such dividends or distributions. See “Taxation.”

CLOSED-END STRUCTURE

The Fund is a newly organized, non-diversified closed-end management investment company. Closed-end investment companies differ from open-end investment companies (open-end funds or mutual funds) in that closed-end investment companies generally list their shares for trading on a stock exchange and do not redeem their shares at the request of the stockholder. This means that if you wish to sell your shares of a closed-end investment company you must trade them on the market like any other stock at the prevailing market price at that time. In an open-end fund, if the stockholder wishes to sell shares, the fund will redeem or buy back the shares at “net asset value.” Open-end funds generally offer new shares on a continuous basis to new investors, and closed-end investment companies generally do not. The continuous inflows and outflows of assets in an open-end fund can make it difficult to manage the fund’s investments. By comparison, closed-end investment companies are generally able to stay fully invested in securities that are consistent with their investment objective, and also have greater flexibility to make certain types of investments, and to use certain investment strategies, such as leverage and investments in illiquid securities.

 

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Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount to their net asset value. See “Principal Risks of the Fund—Risk of Market Price Discount From Net Asset Value.” Because of this possibility and the recognition that any such discount may not be in the best interest of stockholders, the Fund’s Board of Directors might consider from time to time engaging in open market repurchases, tender offers for shares at net asset value or other programs intended to reduce the discount. We cannot guarantee or assure, however, that the Fund’s Board will decide to engage in any of these actions. Nor is there any guarantee or assurance that such actions, if undertaken, would result in shares trading at a price equal or close to net asset value per share. See “Repurchase of Shares.” The Board of Directors may also consider converting the Fund to an open-end fund, which would require a vote of the stockholders of the Fund. See “Possible Conversion to Open-End Fund Status.”

REPURCHASE OF SHARES

Shares of closed-end investment companies often trade at a discount to net asset value, and the Fund’s shares may also trade at a discount to their net asset value, although it is possible that they may trade at a premium above net asset value. The market price of the Common Shares will be determined by such factors as relative demand for and supply of shares in the market, the Fund’s net asset value, general market and economic conditions and other factors beyond the control of the Fund.

Although Common Shareholders will not have the right to redeem their shares, the Fund may take action to repurchase shares in the open market or make tender offers for its shares at net asset value. During the pendency of any tender offer, the Fund will publish how Common Shareholders may readily ascertain the net asset value. For more information see “Repurchase of Shares” in the SAI. Repurchase of the Common Shares may have the effect of reducing any market discount to net asset value.

There is no assurance that, if action is undertaken to repurchase or tender for shares, such action will result in the shares trading at a price which approximates their net asset value. Although share repurchases and tenders could have a favorable effect on the market price of the shares, you should be aware that the acquisition of shares by the Fund will decrease the total assets of the Fund and, therefore, have the effect of increasing the Fund’s expense ratio and may adversely affect the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective. To the extent the Fund may need to liquidate investments to fund repurchases of shares, this may result in portfolio turnover which will result in additional expenses being borne by the Fund. The Board of Directors currently considers the following factors to be relevant to a potential decision to repurchase shares: the extent and duration of the discount, the liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio, the impact of any action on the Fund or its stockholders and market considerations. Any share repurchases or tender offers will be made in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the 1940 Act. See “Taxation” for a description of the potential tax consequences of a share repurchase.

POSSIBLE CONVERSION TO OPEN-END FUND STATUS

The Fund may be converted to an open-end fund at any time by a vote of the outstanding shares. See “Certain Provisions of the Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws” for a discussion of voting requirements applicable to conversion of the Fund to an open-end fund. If the Fund converted to an open-end fund, it would be required to redeem all preferred shares then outstanding (requiring in turn that it liquidate a portion of its investment portfolio), and the Fund’s Common Shares would no longer be listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Conversion to open-end status could also require the Fund to modify certain investment restrictions and policies. Stockholders of an open-end fund may require the company to redeem their shares at any time (except in certain circumstances as authorized by or permitted under the 1940 Act) at their net asset value, less such redemption charge, if any, as might be in effect at the time of redemption. In order to avoid maintaining large cash positions or liquidating favorable investments to meet redemptions, open-end funds typically engage in a continuous offering of their shares. Open-end funds are thus subject to periodic asset in-flows and out-flows

 

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that can complicate portfolio management. The Board of Directors may at any time propose conversion of the Fund to open-end status, depending upon its judgment regarding the advisability of such action in light of circumstances then prevailing.

TAXATION

The following discussion offers only a brief outline of the U.S. Federal income tax consequences of investing in the Fund and is based on the U.S. Federal tax laws in effect on the date hereof. Such tax laws are subject to change by legislative, judicial or administrative action, possibly with retroactive effect. Investors should consult their own tax advisers for more detailed information and for information regarding the impact of state, local and foreign taxes on an investment in the Fund.

The Fund has elected to be treated as, and intends to qualify annually as, a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Code. For each taxable year that the Fund otherwise qualifies as a RIC, it will not be subject to U.S. Federal income tax on that part of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code) and net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) that it distributes to its stockholders, if it distributes at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income and any net tax-exempt interest income for that year (the “Distribution Requirement”). The Fund intends to make sufficient distributions of its investment company taxable income and net tax-exempt interest income, if any, each taxable year to meet the Distribution Requirement.

The Fund also currently intends to distribute all realized net capital gain each year. If, however, the Fund’s Board of Directors determines for any taxable year to retain all or a portion of the Fund’s net capital gain, that decision will not affect the Fund’s ability to qualify for treatment as a RIC, but will subject the Fund to a maximum tax rate of 35% of the amount retained. In that event, the Fund expects to designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its stockholders, who (i) will be required to include their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount in their gross income as long-term capital gain, and (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the 35% tax paid by the Fund against their U.S. Federal income tax liabilities. For U.S. Federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a Fund stockholder will be increased by an amount equal to 65% of the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the stockholder’s gross income.

Certain of the Fund’s investment practices are subject to special and complex U.S. Federal income tax provisions that may, among other things, (i) convert dividends that would otherwise constitute qualified dividend income into ordinary income, (ii) treat dividends that would otherwise be eligible for the DRD as ineligible for such treatment, (iii) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions, (iv) convert long-term capital gain into short-term capital gain or ordinary income, (v) convert an ordinary loss or deduction into a capital loss (the deductibility of which is more limited), (vi) cause the Fund to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash, (vii) adversely affect the time as to when a purchase or sale of stock or securities is deemed to occur, (viii) adversely alter the characterization of certain complex financial transactions and (ix) produce income that will not be qualifying income for purposes of the income requirement that applies to RICs. While it may not always be successful in doing so, the Fund will seek to avoid or minimize the adverse tax consequences of its investment practices.

A substantial portion of the Fund’s distributions will consist of premiums from its Covered Call Strategy. The tax treatment of the Fund’s options activity will vary based on the nature and the subject of the options. In general, option premiums are not immediately included in the income of the Fund when received. Instead, in the case of certain options (including options on single stocks, options on certain narrow-based indexes and options not listed on certain exchanges), the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option. If an option written by the Fund with respect to individual stocks is exercised and the Fund sells or delivers the underlying stock, the Fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) the sum of the exercise price

 

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and the option premium received by the Fund minus (b) the Fund’s basis in the stock. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. The gain or loss with respect to any termination of the Fund’s obligation under such an option other than through the exercise of the option and related sale or delivery of the underlying stock will be short-term gain or loss. Thus, if an option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received.

Certain options that are listed on a qualified board of exchange (“listed options”) written or purchased by the Fund (including options on futures contracts, broad-based equity indices and debt securities) as well as certain futures contracts will be governed by section 1256 of the Code (“section 1256 contracts”). Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax (discussed below), on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are “marked-to-market” with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss generally is treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains (or losses). Almost no options listed on non-U.S. exchanges will meet the requirements for section 1256 treatment.

Some of the options and other devices employed by the Fund may be deemed to reduce risk to the Fund by substantially diminishing its risk of loss in offsetting positions in substantially similar or related property, thereby giving rise to “straddles” under the U.S. Federal income tax rules. The straddle rules require the Fund to defer certain losses on positions within a straddle and to terminate the holding period for shares that become part of a straddle before the long-term capital gains period has been reached. In other words, the Fund will not be respected as having owned the shares for any time before the options lapse or are otherwise terminated. Some of the covered call options that are considered to offset substantially similar or related property will constitute “qualified covered call options” that are generally excepted from the straddle rules. As such, they generally will not trigger the loss deferral provisions of the straddle rules and the holding period for the substantially similar property will not be terminated. However, the holding period may be suspended in certain circumstances while the call options are outstanding. Further, an option on an index is not eligible for qualified covered call treatment. Because of the straddle rules and qualified covered call rules, at this time it is unclear the extent to which the gains from the sale of Fund portfolio securities underlying (or substantially similar to) call options will be treated as short-term capital gains and thus, insofar as not offset by short-term losses, taxable as ordinary income when distributed.

The Fund’s transactions in non-U.S. currencies, non-U.S. currency-denominated debt obligations and certain non-U.S. currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned.

The Fund’s investment in non-U.S. securities may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by countries outside the United States. In that case, the Fund’s yield on those securities would be decreased. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If more than 50% of the Fund’s assets at year-end consists of the securities of foreign corporations, the Fund may elect to permit stockholders to claim a credit or deduction on their income tax returns for their pro rata portion of qualified taxes paid by the Fund to foreign countries in respect of foreign securities the Fund has held for at least the minimum period specified in the Code. In such a case, stockholders will include in gross income from foreign sources their pro rata shares of such taxes. It is anticipated that stockholders of the Fund generally will not be entitled to claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes.

The Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax to the extent it fails to distribute by the end of any calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income for that calendar year (ii) 98% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending on October 31 of that calendar year (or for the calendar year if the Fund elects to use a calendar year) and (iii) any ordinary income and capital gains from previous years that were not distributed during those years and on which the Fund paid no U.S. Federal income tax. For this and other purposes, a distribution will be treated as paid by the Fund and received by the stockholders on

 

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December 31 if it is declared by the Fund in October, November or December of such year, made payable to stockholders of record on a date in such a month and paid by the Fund during January of the following year. Any such distribution thus will be taxable to stockholders whose taxable year is the calendar year in the year the distribution is declared, rather than the year in which the distribution is received. To prevent application of the excise tax, the Fund intends to make its distributions in accordance with the calendar year distribution requirement.

If a portion of the Fund’s income consists of qualifying dividends paid by U.S. corporations (other than REITs), a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund to corporate stockholders, if properly designated, may qualify for the DRD. In addition, for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, distributions of investment company taxable income designated by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met by both the Fund and the stockholder. However, even if income received in the form of ordinary income is taxed at the same rates as long-term capital gains, such income will not be considered long-term capital gains for other Federal income tax purposes. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain “qualified foreign corporations” (e.g., generally, foreign corporations incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a qualifying comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, or the stock of which and with respect to which such dividend is paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States), but not including a foreign corporation which for the taxable year of the corporation in which the dividend was paid, or the preceding taxable year, is a “passive foreign investment company,” as defined in the Code. Dividends paid by REITs are generally not considered qualified dividend income. There can be no assurance of what portion, if any, of the Fund’s distributions will be entitled to the lower tax rates that apply to qualified dividend income.

Distributions of net capital gain that are designated by the Fund as capital gain dividends will be treated as long-term capital gains in the hands of holders regardless of the holders’ respective holding periods for their Common Shares. Distributions, if any, in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will first reduce the adjusted tax basis of a stockholder’s shares and, after that basis has been reduced to zero, will constitute a capital gain to the stockholder (assuming the shares are held as a capital asset).

Distributions are taxable whether stockholders receive cash or reinvest them in additional Common Shares through the Plan. Stockholders will be notified annually as to the U.S. Federal tax status of distributions.

The sale or other disposition of the Common Shares generally will be a taxable transaction for U.S. Federal income tax purposes. Selling holders of Common Shares generally will recognize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received in exchange therefor and their respective bases in such Common Shares. If the Common Shares are held as a capital asset, the gain or loss generally will be a capital gain or loss. Similarly, a redemption (including a redemption resulting from liquidation of the Fund), if any, of the Common Shares by the Fund generally will give rise to capital gain or loss if the holder does not own (and is not regarded under certain tax law rules of constructive ownership as owning) any Common Shares in the Fund and provided that the redemption proceeds do not represent declared but unpaid dividends.

Generally, a holder’s gain or loss will be a long-term gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year. Capital gains of individuals are generally taxed at a maximum rate of tax of 15% for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010 (after which time the maximum rate will increase to 20%). However, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Common Shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividends received by the holder (or amounts credited to the holder as undistributed capital gains) with respect to such shares. Also, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Common Shares may be disallowed if other substantially identical shares are acquired within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date the original shares are disposed of. If disallowed, the loss will be reflected by an upward adjustment to the basis of the shares acquired. Capital losses may be subject to other limitations imposed by the Code.

 

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The Fund may be required to withhold, for U.S. Federal income taxes, a portion of all taxable dividends and redemption proceeds payable to stockholders who fail to provide the Fund with their correct taxpayer identification numbers or who otherwise fail to make required certifications, or if the Fund or a stockholder has been notified by the IRS that such stockholder is subject to backup withholding. Corporate stockholders and other stockholders specified in the Code and the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder are exempt from such backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld will be allowed as a refund or a credit against the stockholder’s Federal income tax liability if the appropriate information is provided to the IRS.

Foreign stockholders, including stockholders who are nonresident aliens, may be subject to U.S. withholding tax on certain distributions at a rate of 30% or such lower rates as may be prescribed by any applicable treaty. U.S. source withholding taxes are no longer imposed on dividends paid by RICs to the extent the dividends are designated as “interest-related dividends” or “short-term capital gain dividends.” Under this exemption, interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends generally represent distributions of U.S. source interest or short-term capital gains that would not have been subject to U.S. withholding tax at the source if they had been received directly by a foreign person, and that satisfy certain other requirements. The exemption applies to dividends with respect to taxable years of regulated investment companies beginning before January 1, 2008. In addition, if the Fund is a “U.S. real property holding corporation” (as such term as defined in the Code), or would be but for the operation of certain exclusions, distributions by the Fund attributable to gains from U.S. real property interests, including certain U.S. real property holding corporations (which may include gain on the sale of shares in certain “non-domestically controlled” REITs and certain capital gain dividends from REITs) will generally cause the foreign stockholder to be treated as recognizing such gain as income effectively connected to a trade or business within the United States. Foreign stockholders would thus generally be taxed at the same rates applicable to U.S. stockholders, subject to a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals. Also, such gain may be subject to a 30% branch profits tax in the hands of a foreign stockholder that is a corporation. Such distributions will be subject to U.S. withholding tax and will generally give rise to an obligation on the part of the foreign stockholder to file a U.S. Federal income tax return. The treatment of distributions by the Fund attributable to gains from U.S. real property interests described above does not apply if the foreign stockholder-recipient has not owned more than 5% of the class of stock of the Fund in respect of which the distributions were made at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of the distribution. In that case, the distribution is treated as an ordinary dividend subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). These provisions generally will not apply after December 31, 2007, provided, however, that such provisions will continue to apply thereafter in respect of distributions by a RIC that is a U.S. real property holding corporation or would be so treated for this purpose to the extent such distributions are attributable to certain capital gain dividends from REITs. Investors are advised to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the application to their own circumstances of the above-described general taxation rules and with respect to the state, local, foreign and other tax consequences to them of an investment in the Common Shares.

The SAI summarizes further Federal income tax considerations that may apply to the Fund and its stockholders and may qualify the considerations discussed herein. Fund distributions also may be subject to state and local taxes. You should consult with your own tax adviser regarding the particular consequences of investing in the Fund.

DESCRIPTION OF SHARES

Common Shares

The Fund is authorized to issue 250,000,000 shares of common stock, $.001 par value. The Common Shares have no preemptive, conversion, exchange or redemption rights. Each share has equal voting, dividend, distribution and liquidation rights. The Common Shares outstanding are, and those offered hereby when issued will be, fully paid and nonassessable. Common Shareholders are entitled to one vote per share. All voting rights for the election of Directors are noncumulative, which means that the holders of more than 50% of the Common

 

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Shares can elect 100% of the Directors then nominated for election if they choose to do so and, in such event, the holders of the remaining Common Shares will not be able to elect any Directors. Whenever preferred shares and Borrowings are outstanding, Common Shareholders will not be entitled to receive any distributions from the Fund unless all accrued dividends on the preferred shares and interest and principal payments on Borrowings have been paid, and unless the applicable asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act would be satisfied after giving effect to the distribution. See “—Fund Preferred Shares” and “—Limited Issuance of Fund Preferred Shares and Borrowings” below. The Common Shares have been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to notice of issuance, under the symbol “ INB.” Under the rules of the New York Stock Exchange applicable to listed companies, the Fund will be required to hold an annual meeting of stockholders in each year. The foregoing description and the description below under “Certain Provisions of the Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws” and above under “Possible Conversion to Open-End Fund Status” are subject to the provisions contained in the Fund’s Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws.

Net asset value will be reduced immediately following the offering of the Common Shares by the amount of the sales load and offering expenses paid by the Fund. The Investment Manager has agreed to pay all organizational expenses and offering costs (other than sales load, but including the $.00667 per Common Share partial reimbursement of expenses to the underwriters) that exceed $.04 per Common Share. See “Use of Proceeds.”

As of the date of this prospectus, the Investment Manager owned of record and beneficially 5,250 shares of the Fund’s Common Shares constituting 100% of the outstanding shares of the Fund, and thus, until the public offering of the Common Shares is completed, will control the Fund.

Fund Net Asset Value

The Fund will determine the net asset value of its shares daily, as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (currently 4:00 p.m. New York time). Net asset value of our Common Shares is computed by dividing the value of all assets of the Fund (including accrued interest and dividends), less all liabilities (including accrued expenses and dividends declared but unpaid) and less the liquidation preference of any outstanding preferred shares, by the total number of shares outstanding. Any swap transaction that the Fund enters into may, depending on the applicable interest rate environment, have a positive or negative value for purposes of calculating net asset value. Any cap transaction that the Fund enters into may, depending on the applicable interest rate environment, have no value or a positive value. In addition, accrued payments to the Fund under such transactions will be assets of the Fund and accrued payments by the Fund will be liabilities of the Fund.

For purposes of determining the net asset value of the Fund, readily marketable portfolio securities principally traded on any exchange or similar regulated market reporting contemporaneous transaction prices are valued, except as indicated below, at the last sale price for such securities on such principal market on the business day as of which such value is being determined. If there has been no sale on such day, the securities are valued at the mean of the closing bid and asked prices on such day. If no bid or asked prices are quoted on such day, then the security is valued by such method as the Board of Directors shall determine in good faith to reflect its fair market value. Portfolio securities traded on more than one securities exchange are valued at the last sale price on the business day as of which such value is being determined as reflected on the tape at the close of the exchange representing the principal market for such securities. If market quotations or official closing prices are not readily available or do not accurately reflect fair value for a security or if a security’s value has been materially affected by events occurring after the close of the exchange or market on which the security is principally traded, that security will be valued by another method that the Board of Directors believes accurately reflects fair value in accordance with the Fund’s pricing policies.

Readily marketable securities traded in the over-the-counter market, including listed securities whose primary market is believed by the Investment Manager to be over-the-counter, but excluding securities admitted to trading on the NASDAQ National List, are valued at the mean of the current bid and asked prices as reported

 

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by NASDAQ or, in the case of securities not quoted by NASDAQ, the National Quotation Bureau or such other comparable source as the Directors deem appropriate to reflect their fair market value. However, certain fixed-income securities may be valued on the basis of prices provided by a pricing service when such prices are believed by the Board of Directors to reflect the fair market value of such securities. The prices provided by a pricing service take into account institutional size trading in similar groups of securities and any developments related to specific securities. Where securities are traded on more than one exchange and also over-the-counter, the securities will generally be valued using the quotations the Board of Directors believes reflect most closely the value of such securities. Other assets are valued at fair value by or pursuant to guidelines approved by the Board of Directors.

The effect of valuing securities and other assets at fair value is that the Fund’s net asset value will reflect the affected portfolio assets’ values as determined in the judgment of the Board of Directors or its designee instead of being determined by the market, which may result in a value that is different from a security’s most recent closing price and from the prices used by other investment companies to calculate their net asset values. Fair valuation determinations involve subjective judgments, and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security may differ materially from the value that could be realized upon sale.

Fund Preferred Shares

The Fund’s Articles of Incorporation authorize the Board of Directors, without approval of the Common Shareholders, to classify any unissued shares of the Fund’s common stock into preferred shares, par value $0.001 per share, in one or more classes or series, with rights as determined by the Board of Directors (“Fund Preferred Shares”).

Limited Issuance of Fund Preferred Shares and Borrowings

Under the 1940 Act, the Fund could issue Fund Preferred Shares with an aggregate liquidation preference of up to one-half of the value of the Fund’s managed assets less liabilities other than Borrowings, measured immediately after issuance of the Fund Preferred Shares. “Liquidation preference” means the original purchase price of the shares being liquidated plus any accrued and unpaid dividends. In addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless the liquidation preference of the Fund Preferred Shares is less than one-half of the value of the Fund’s assets less liabilities other than Borrowings (determined after deducting the amount of such dividend or distribution) immediately after the distribution. Under the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Fund, immediately after any Borrowings, must have an asset coverage of at least 300%. With respect to such Borrowings, asset coverage means the ratio which the value of the assets of the Fund, less liabilities other than Borrowings, bears to the aggregate amount of such Borrowings represented by senior securities issued by the Fund. Certain types of Borrowings may result in the Fund being subject to covenants in credit agreements relating to asset coverages or portfolio composition or otherwise.

The Fund intends to leverage approximately 20% of its managed assets (including the amount obtained from leverage) through the issuance of shares of Fund Preferred Shares or through Borrowings (or through a combination of preferred stock issuance and Borrowings), and may leverage in an amount up to the maximum permitted by the 1940 Act after such issuance and/or Borrowings. This higher than required margin of net asset value provides a cushion against later fluctuations in the value of the Fund’s portfolio and will subject Common Shareholders to less income and net asset value volatility than if the Fund were more leveraged. The Fund intends to purchase or redeem Fund Preferred Shares and/or reduce outstanding Borrowings if necessary to maintain required asset coverage.

In addition, the Fund may be subject to certain restrictions imposed by guidelines of one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations which may issue ratings for Fund Preferred Shares or commercial paper or notes issued by the Fund. Such restrictions may be more stringent than those imposed by the 1940 Act.

 

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Distribution Preference

The Fund Preferred Shares will have complete priority over the Common Shares.

Liquidation Preference

In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Fund, holders of Fund Preferred Shares will be entitled to receive a preferential liquidating distribution (expected to equal the original purchase price per share plus accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon, whether or not earned or declared) before any distribution of assets is made to Common Shareholders.

Voting Rights

Fund Preferred Shares are required to be voting shares and to have equal voting rights with Common Shares. Except as otherwise indicated in this Prospectus or the SAI and except as otherwise required by applicable law, holders of Fund Preferred Shares will vote together with Common Shareholders as a single class.

Holders of Fund Preferred Shares, voting as a separate class, will be entitled to elect two of the Fund’s Directors. The remaining Directors will be elected by Common Shareholders and holders of Fund Preferred Shares, voting together as a single class. In the unlikely event that two full years of accrued dividends are unpaid on the Fund Preferred Shares, the holders of all outstanding Fund Preferred Shares, voting as a separate class, will be entitled to elect a majority of the Fund’s Directors until all dividends in arrears have been paid or declared and set apart for payment. In order for the Fund to take certain actions or enter into certain transactions, a separate class vote of holders of Fund Preferred Shares will be required, in addition to the combined single class vote of the holders of Fund Preferred Shares and Common Shares.

Redemption, Purchase and Sale of Fund Preferred Shares

The terms of the Fund Preferred Shares may provide that they are redeemable at certain times, in whole or in part, at the original purchase price per share plus accumulated dividends. The terms may also state that the Fund may tender for or purchase Fund Preferred Shares and resell any shares so tendered. Any redemption or purchase of Fund Preferred Shares by the Fund will reduce the leverage applicable to Common Shares, while any resale of shares by the Fund will increase such leverage. See “Use of Leverage.”

The discussion above describes the Board of Directors’ present intention with respect to a possible offering of Fund Preferred Shares. If the Board of Directors determines to authorize such an offering, the terms of the Fund Preferred Shares may be the same as, or different from, the terms described above, subject to applicable law and the Fund’s Articles of Incorporation.

CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF THE ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWS

The Fund has provisions in its Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws that could have the effect of limiting the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund, to cause it to engage in certain transactions or to modify its structure. Commencing with the first annual meeting of stockholders, the Board of Directors will be divided into three classes, having initial terms of one, two and three years, respectively. At the annual meeting of stockholders in each year thereafter, the term of one class will expire and Directors will be elected to serve in that class for terms of three years. This provision could delay for up to two years the replacement of a majority of the Board of Directors. A Director may be removed from office only for cause and only by a vote of the holders of at least 75% of the outstanding shares of the Fund entitled to vote on the matter.

 

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The affirmative vote of at least 75% of the entire Board of Directors is required to authorize the conversion of the Fund from a closed-end to an open-end fund. Such conversion also requires the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% of the votes entitled to be cast thereon by the Common Shareholders unless it is approved by a vote of at least 75% of the Continuing Directors (as defined below), in which event such conversion requires the approval of the holders of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast thereon by the stockholders of the Fund.

A “Continuing Director” is any member of the Board of Directors of the Fund who (i) is not a person or affiliate of a person who enters or proposes to enter into a Business Combination (as defined below) with the Fund (an “Interested Party”) and (ii) who has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Fund for a period of at least 12 months, or has been a member of the Board of Directors since the Fund’s initial public offering of Common Shares, or is a successor of a Continuing Director who is unaffiliated with an Interested Party and is recommended to succeed a Continuing Director by a majority of the Continuing Directors then on the Board of Directors of the Fund. The affirmative vote of at least 75% of the votes entitled to be cast thereon by stockholders of the Fund will be required to amend the Articles of Incorporation to change any of the provisions in this paragraph and the preceding paragraph.

The affirmative votes of at least 75% of the entire Board of Directors and the holders of at least (i) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast thereon by the stockholders of the Fund and (ii) in the case of a Business Combination (as defined below), 66 2/3% of the votes entitled to be cast thereon by the stockholders of the Fund other than votes held by an Interested Party who is (or whose affiliate is) a party to a Business Combination or an affiliate or associate of the Interested Party, are required to authorize any of the following transactions:

(i) merger, consolidation or statutory share exchange of the Fund with or into any other entity;

(ii) issuance or transfer by the Fund (in one or a series of transactions in any 12-month period) of any securities of the Fund to any person or entity for cash, securities or other property (or combination thereof) having an aggregate fair market value of $1,000,000 or more, excluding (a) issuances or transfers of debt securities of the Fund, (b) sales of securities of the Fund in connection with a public offering, (c) issuances of securities of the Fund pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan adopted by the Fund, (d) issuances of securities of the Fund upon the exercise of any stock subscription rights distributed by the Fund and (e) portfolio transactions effected by the Fund in the ordinary course of business;

(iii) sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition by the Fund (in one or a series of transactions in any 12 month period) to or with any person or entity of any assets of the Fund having an aggregate fair market value of $1,000,000 or more except for portfolio transactions (including pledges of portfolio securities in connection with Borrowings) effected by the Fund in the ordinary course of its business (transactions within clauses (i) and (ii) and this clause (iii) above being known individually as a “Business Combination”);

(iv) any voluntary liquidation or dissolution of the Fund or an amendment to the Fund’s Articles of Incorporation to terminate the Fund’s existence; or

(v) any stockholder proposal as to specific investment decisions made or to be made with respect to the Fund’s assets as to which stockholder approval is required under Federal or Maryland law.

However, the stockholder vote described above will not be required with respect to the foregoing transactions (other than those set forth in (v) above) if they are approved by a vote of at least 75% of the Continuing Directors (as defined above). In that case, if Maryland law requires stockholder approval, the affirmative vote of a majority of votes entitled to be cast thereon shall be required and if Maryland law does not require stockholder approval, no stockholder approval will be required. The Fund’s By-Laws contain provisions

 

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the effect of which is to prevent matters, including nominations of Directors, from being considered at a stockholders’ meeting where the Fund has not received notice of the matters generally at least 90 but no more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting.

The Board of Directors has determined that the foregoing voting requirements, which are generally greater than the minimum requirements under Maryland law and the 1940 Act, are in the best interest of the Fund’s stockholders generally.

Reference is made to the Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws of the Fund, on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, for the full text of these provisions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving stockholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Fund in a tender offer or similar transaction. On the other hand, these provisions may require persons seeking control of a Fund to negotiate with its management regarding the price to be paid for the shares required to obtain such control, they promote continuity and stability and they enhance the Fund’s ability to pursue long-term strategies that are consistent with its investment objective.

 

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UNDERWRITING

Subject to the terms and conditions stated in the purchase agreement dated July 26, 2007, each underwriter named below, for which Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated is acting as representative, has severally agreed to purchase, and the Fund has agreed to sell to such underwriter, the number of Common Shares set forth opposite the name of such underwriter.

 

Underwriter    Number of
Common Shares

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith

  

Incorporated

   13,810,000

BB&T Capital Markets, a division of Scott & Stringfellow, Inc.

   80,000

Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated

   185,000

H&R Block Financial Advisors, Inc.

   1,215,000

Crowell, Weedon & Co. 

   100,000

Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

   530,000

Ferris, Baker Watts, Incorporated

   195,000

J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, Inc.

   115,000

Janney Montgomery Scott LLC

   700,000

Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc.

   70,000

Oppenheimer & Co. Inc.

   820,000

RBC Capital Markets Corporation

   1,105,000

Ryan Beck & Co., Inc.

   120,000

Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated

   435,000

Wedbush Morgan Securities Inc.

   270,000

Wells Fargo Securities, LLC

   630,000

D.A. Davidson & Co. 

   60,000

Dominick & Dominick LLC

   60,000

J.B. Hanauer & Co.

   60,000

Maxim Group LLC.

   60,000

Morgan Keegan & Company, Inc.

   60,000

David A. Noyes & Company

   60,000

Stephens Inc.

   60,000

Southwest Securities, Inc.

   60,000

SunTrust Capital Markets, Inc.

   60,000

TD Ameritrade, Inc.

   60,000

Wunderlich Securities, Inc.

   60,000

Advanced Equities, Inc.

   40,000

Anderson & Strudwick, Incorporated

   40,000

Bishop, Rosen & Co., Inc.

   40,000

Brean Murray, Carret & Co., LLC

   40,000

Capital Growth Financial, LLC

   40,000

Chicago Investment Group, LLC

   40,000

City Securities Corporation

   40,000

E*TRADE Securities LLC

   40,000

Finance 500, Inc.

   40,000

First Montauk Securities Corp.

   40,000

First Southwest Company

   40,000

Andrew Garrett Inc.

   40,000

Gilford Securities Incorporated

   40,000

GunnAllen Financial, Inc.

   40,000

Joseph Gunnar & Co., LLC

   40,000

 

84


Wayne Hummer Investments L.L.C.

   40,000

Huntleigh Securities Corporation

   40,000

Jesup & Lamont Securities Corporation

   40,000

Johnston, Lemon & Co. Incorporated

   40,000

LaSalle St. Securities, L.L.C.

   40,000

McGinn, Smith & Co., Inc.

   40,000

Mesirow Financial, Inc.

   40,000

Morgan Wilshire Securities, Inc.

   40,000

National Securities Corporation

   40,000

Newbridge Securities Corporation

   40,000

Northeast Securities, Inc.

   40,000

Peacock, Hislop, Staley & Given, Inc.

   40,000

Regal Securities, Inc.

   40,000

Royal Alliance Associates, Inc.

   40,000

SMH CAPITAL Inc.

   40,000

Source Capital Group, Inc.

   40,000

Stanford Group Company

   40,000

Sterne, Agee & Leach, Inc.

   40,000

Stone & Youngberg LLC

   40,000

Torrey Pines Securities, Inc.

   40,000

J.P. Turner & Company, L.L.C.

   40,000

Summit Brokerage Services, Inc.

   20,000
    

Total

   22,500,000
    

The purchase agreement provides that the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the shares included in this offering are subject to the approval of certain legal matters by counsel and to certain other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to purchase all the Common Shares sold under the purchase agreement if any of the Common Shares are purchased. In the purchase agreement, the Fund and the Investment Manager have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act, or to contribute payments the underwriters may be required to make for any of those liabilities.

Commissions and Discounts

The underwriters propose to initially offer some of the Common Shares directly to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and some of the Common Shares to certain dealers at the public offering price less a concession not in excess of $.60 per share. The sales load investors in the Fund will pay of $.90 per share is equal to 4.50% of the initial offering price. The underwriters may allow, and the dealers may reallow, a discount not in excess of $.10 per share on sales to other dealers. After the initial public offering, the public offering price, concession and discount may be changed. Investors must pay for any Common Shares purchased on or before July 31, 2007.

The following table shows the public offering price, sales load, estimated offering expenses and proceeds, after expenses, to the Fund. The information assumes either no exercise or full exercise by the underwriters of their overallotment option.

 

     Per Share    Without Option    With Option

Public offering price

   $ 20.00    $450,000,000    $517,500,000

Sales load

     $.90    $20,250,000    $23,287,500

Estimated offering expenses

     $.04    $900,000    $1,035,000

Proceeds, after expenses, to Fund

   $ 19.06    $428,850,000    $493,177,500

 

85


The expenses of the offering are estimated at $900,000 and are payable by the Fund. The Fund has also agreed to pay the underwriters $.00667 per Common Share as a partial reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with the offering. The amount paid by the Fund of the partial reimbursement to the underwriters will not exceed .03335% of the total price to the public of the Common Shares sold in this offering. Offering expenses paid by the Fund may include reimbursement to the Investment Manager or its affiliates for expenses incurred in connection with the offering, including compensation to sales personnel for (i) coordinating the road show, (ii) designing and coordinating the printing of marketing materials and (iii) participating in the road show by giving presentations at branch offices of the underwriters. These reimbursement payments will not exceed 0.115% of the total price to the public of the Common Shares sold in the offering. The Investment Manager has agreed to pay all organizational expenses and offering costs of the Fund (other than sales load but including the $.00667 per Common Share partial reimbursement of expenses to the underwriters) that exceed $.04 per Common Share.

Overallotment Option

The Fund has granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to 3,375,000 additional Common Shares at the public offering price, less the sales load, within 45 days from the date of this prospectus solely to cover any overallotments. If the underwriters exercise this option, each will be obligated, subject to conditions contained in the purchase agreement, to purchase a number of additional shares proportionate to that underwriter’s initial amount reflected in the preceding table.

Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids

Until the distribution of the Common Shares is complete, Securities and Exchange Commission rules may limit underwriters and selling group members from bidding for and purchasing our Common Shares. However, the representatives may engage in transactions that stabilize the price of our Common Shares, such as bids or purchases to peg, fix or maintain that price.

If the underwriters create a short position in our Common Shares in connection with the offering (i.e. , if they sell more Common Shares than are listed on the cover of this prospectus), the representatives may reduce that short position by purchasing Common Shares in the open market. The representatives may also elect to reduce any short position by exercising all or part of the overallotment option described above. The underwriters may also impose a penalty bid, whereby selling concessions allowed to syndicate members or other broker-dealers in respect of Common Shares sold in this offering for their account may be reclaimed by the syndicate if such Common Shares are repurchased by the syndicate in stabilizing or covering transactions. Purchases of our Common Shares to stabilize its price or to reduce a short position may cause the price of our Common Shares to be higher than it might be in the absence of such purchases.

Neither the Fund nor any of the underwriters makes any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transaction described above may have on the price of our Common Shares. In addition, neither we nor any of the underwriters makes any representation that the representatives will engage in these transactions or that these transactions, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.

The Fund has agreed not to offer or sell any additional Common Shares for a period of 180 days after the date of the purchase agreement without the prior written consent of the underwriters, except for the sale of the Common Shares to the underwriters pursuant to the purchase agreement.

The Fund anticipates that the underwriters may from time to time act as brokers or dealers in executing the Fund’s portfolio transactions after they have ceased to be underwriters, and may also act as placement agent for issuers whose securities the Fund purchases in direct placement transactions. The underwriters are active underwriters of, and dealers in, securities and act as market makers in a number of such securities, and therefore can be expected to engage in portfolio transactions with the Fund. One or more of the underwriters of the Common Shares also may act as an underwriter of the Fund’s preferred shares, if any.

 

86


The Common Shares will be sold to ensure that New York Stock Exchange distribution standards (i.e. , round lots, public shares and aggregate market value) will be met.

Other Relationships

The Investment Manager (and not the Fund) has agreed to pay from its own assets to Merrill Lynch an up-front fee for advice relating to the design and the organization of the Fund as well as for services related to the sale and distribution of the Common Shares in an amount equal to 1.25% of the total price to the public of the Common Shares sold in this offering. The total amount of these additional compensation payments to Merrill Lynch will not exceed 1.25% of the total price to the public of the Common Shares sold in this offering.

The total amount of these additional compensation payments plus the amount paid by the Fund as the $.00667 per Common Share reimbursement to the underwriters, will not exceed 1.40% of the total price to the public of the Common Shares offered hereby. In addition, the sum total of all compensation to the underwriters in connection with this offering of Common Shares will not exceed in the aggregate 5.90% of the total price to the public of the Common Shares sold in this offering.

Merrill Lynch also has engaged in, and may in the future engage in, investment banking and other commercial dealings in the ordinary course of business with affiliates of the Fund, including the parent company of the Investment Manager, Cohen & Steers, Inc.

The principal business address of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated is 4 World Financial Center, New York, New York 10080.

CUSTODIAN, TRANSFER AGENT, DIVIDEND DISBURSING AGENT AND REGISTRAR

State Street Bank and Trust Company, whose principal business address is One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 21111, has been retained to act as custodian of the Fund’s investments, and The Bank of New York, whose principal business address is 101 Barclay Street, Floor 11 East, New York, New York 10286, has been retained to serve as the Fund’s transfer and dividend disbursing agent and registrar.

Neither State Street Bank nor The Bank of New York has any part in deciding the Fund’s investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold for the Fund’s portfolio.

REPORTS TO STOCKHOLDERS

The Fund will send unaudited semi-annual and audited annual reports to its stockholders, including a list of investments held.

VALIDITY OF THE COMMON SHARES

The validity of the Common Shares offered hereby is being passed on for the Fund by Stroock & Stroock & Lavan LLP, New York, New York, and certain other legal matters will be passed on for the underwriters by Clifford Chance US LLP, New York, New York. Venable LLP will opine on certain matters pertaining to Maryland law. Stroock & Stroock & Lavan LLP and Clifford Chance US LLP may rely as to certain matters of Maryland law on the opinion of Venable LLP.

 

87


TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR THE STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

Statement of Additional Information

   3

Investment Objective and Policies

   3

Investment Restrictions

   21

Management of the Fund

   23

Compensation of Directors and Certain Officers

   26

Investment Advisory and Other Services

   27

Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage

   35

Determination of Net Asset Value

   36

Repurchase of Shares

   37

Taxation

   38

Counsel and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   45

Statement of Assets and Liabilities

   46

Ratings of Investments (Appendix A)

   A-1

 

88



Through and including August 20, 2007 (25 days after the date of this prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

22,500,000 Shares

LOGO

Cohen & Steers Global Income Builder, Inc.

Common Shares

$20.00 Per Share

 


PROSPECTUS


Merrill Lynch & Co.

BB&T Capital Markets

Robert W. Baird & Co.

H&R Block Financial Advisors, Inc.

Crowell, Weedon & Co.

Deutsche Bank Securities

Ferris, Baker Watts

Incorporated

J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, Inc.

Janney Montgomery Scott LLC

Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc.

Oppenheimer & Co.

RBC Capital Markets

Ryan Beck & Co.

Stifel Nicolaus

Wedbush Morgan Securities Inc.

Wells Fargo Securities

July 26, 2007

 



LOGO

COHEN & STEERS GLOBAL INCOME BUILDER, INC.

280 PARK AVENUE

NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10017

(800) 437-9912

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

July 26, 2007

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus, but should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus of Cohen & Steers Global Income Builder, Inc., dated July 26, 2007 (the “Prospectus”). This SAI is incorporated by reference in its entirety into the Prospectus. Copies of the Prospectus may be obtained free of charge by writing or calling the address or phone number shown above. You also may obtain a copy of the Prospectus on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website (http://www.sec.gov).

Privacy Policy

The Fund is committed to maintaining the privacy of its stockholders and to safeguarding their nonpublic personal information. The following information is provided to help you understand what personal information the Fund collects, how we protect that information, and why in certain cases we may share this information with others.

The Fund does not receive any nonpublic personal information relating to the stockholders who purchase shares through an intermediary that acts as the record owner of the shares. In the case of stockholders who are record owners of the Fund, we receive nonpublic personal information on account applications or other forms. With respect to these stockholders, the Fund also has access to specific information regarding their transactions in the Fund.

The Fund does not disclose any nonpublic personal information about its stockholders or former stockholders to anyone, except as permitted by law or as is necessary to service stockholder accounts. The Fund restricts access to nonpublic personal information about its stockholders to Cohen & Steers employees with a legitimate business need for the information.

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page

Statement of Additional Information

   3

Investment Objective and Policies

   3

Investment Restrictions

   21

Management of the Fund

   23

Compensation of Directors and Certain Officers

   26

Investment Advisory and Other Services

   27

Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage

   35

Determination of Net Asset Value

   36

Repurchase of Shares

   37

Taxation

   38

Counsel and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   45

Statement of Assets and Liabilities

   46

Ratings of Investments (Appendix A)

   A-1

 

2


STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Cohen & Steers Global Income Builder, Inc. (the “Fund”) is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company organized as a Maryland corporation on April 10, 2007. Much of the information contained in this SAI expands on subjects discussed in the Prospectus. Defined terms used herein have the same meanings as in the Prospectus. No investment in the shares of the Fund should be made without first reading the Prospectus.

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES

The following descriptions supplement the descriptions of the principal investment objective, strategies and risks as set forth in the Prospectus. Except as otherwise provided, the Fund’s investment policies are not fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Directors of the Fund without the approval of the stockholders; however, the Fund will not change its non-fundamental investment policies without written notice to stockholders.

Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc., the Fund’s investment manager (the “Investment Manager”), will construct the Fund’s investment portfolio primarily by allocating the Fund’s assets to selections from the five proprietary strategies used by the Investment Manager in managing other established Cohen & Steers portfolios (the “Select Strategies”). Allocations and reallocations of the Fund’s assets to the Select Strategies will be determined by the Investment Manager’s senior portfolio managers within the parameters described below, taking into consideration market conditions and available investment opportunities. Three primary factors will be considered in determining portfolio allocation: income potential, total return potential and diversification. The five proprietary strategies are:

 

   

Global Large Cap Strategy: dividend paying common stocks with potential for attractive and sustainable dividend growth issued by companies across a variety of industries and sectors

 

   

Global Real Estate Strategy: real estate securities, including real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) or REIT-like structures

 

   

Global Utility Strategy: common stocks and other equity securities issued by utility companies and master limited partnerships (“MLPs”)

 

   

Global Preferred Strategy: preferred securities, including traditional preferred securities and hybrid-preferred securities

 

   

Closed-End Funds Strategy: common stocks of closed-end funds that invest significantly in equity or income-producing securities

The Fund intends to focus primarily on securities selected from the Global Large Cap Strategy. Based on current market conditions, the Fund is initially expected to have 60% of its managed assets allocated to the Global Large Cap Strategy and 40% of its managed assets allocated among the Global Real Estate, Global Utility, Global Preferred and Closed-End Funds Strategies, although allocations among the Select Strategies will vary over time based on market conditions, perhaps significantly. The Fund may not be invested in securities from all of the Select Strategies at all times. The Fund’s “managed assets” are equal to the net asset value of the Fund’s Common Shares plus the principal amount of borrowings, if any, and the liquidation value of any preferred shares.

There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. See the Prospectus, “Investment Objective and Policies—Investment Strategies.”

Real Estate Investment Trusts

A REIT is a corporation, or a business trust that would otherwise be taxed as a corporation, which meets the definitional requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The Code permits a

 

3


qualifying REIT to deduct dividends paid, thereby effectively eliminating corporate level U.S. Federal income tax and making the REIT a pass-through vehicle for federal income tax purposes. To meet the definitional requirements of the Code, a REIT must, among other things, invest substantially all of its assets in interests in real estate (including mortgages and other REITs) or cash and government securities, derive most of its income from certain prescribed sources relating to real estate (including rents from real property and interest on loans secured by mortgages on real property), and distribute to stockholders annually a substantial portion of its otherwise taxable income.

REITs are characterized as equity REITs, mortgage REITs and hybrid REITs. Equity REITs, which may include operating or finance companies, own real estate directly and the value of, and income earned by, the REITs depends upon the income of the underlying properties and the rental income they earn. Equity REITs also can realize capital gains (or losses) by selling properties that have appreciated (or depreciated) in value. Mortgage REITs can make construction, development or long-term mortgage loans and are sensitive to the credit quality of the borrower. Mortgage REITs derive their income from interest payments on such loans. Hybrid REITs combine the characteristics of both equity and mortgage REITs, generally by holding both ownership interests and mortgage interests in real estate. The values of securities issued by REITs are affected by tax and regulatory requirements and by perceptions of management skill. They also are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers or tenants, self-liquidation and the possibility of failing to qualify for tax-free status under the Code or to maintain exemption from the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. An equity REIT may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying properties owned by the REIT. A mortgage REIT may be affected by changes in interest rates and the ability of the issuers of its portfolio mortgages to repay their obligations. REITs are dependent upon the skills of their managers and are not diversified. REITs are generally dependent upon maintaining cash flows to repay borrowings and to make distributions to shareholders and are subject to the risk of default by lessees or borrowers. REITs whose underlying assets are concentrated in properties used by a particular industry, such as health care, are also subject to risks associated with such industry.

REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risks. When interest rates decline, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to decline. If the REIT invests in adjustable rate mortgage loans the interest rates on which are reset periodically, yields on a REIT’s investments in such loans will gradually align themselves to reflect changes in market interest rates. This causes the value of such investments to fluctuate less dramatically in response to interest rate fluctuations than would investments in fixed rate obligations.

REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities.

Preferred Securities

The Fund may invest in preferred securities. There are two basic types of preferred securities in the U.S market—traditional preferred securities and hybrid-preferred securities. Non-U.S. issuers may issue securities with similar characteristics.

Traditional Preferred Securities. Traditional preferred securities pay fixed or adjustable rate dividends to investors, and have a “preference” over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of a company’s assets. This means that a company must pay dividends on preferred stock before paying any dividends on its common stock. In order to be payable, distributions on preferred securities must be declared by the issuer’s board of directors. Income payments on typical preferred securities currently outstanding are cumulative, causing dividends and distributions to accrue even if not declared by the board of directors or otherwise made payable. There is no assurance that dividends or distributions on the preferred securities in which the Fund may invest will be declared or otherwise made payable. Preferred stockholders usually have no right to vote for corporate directors or on other matters. Shares of preferred securities have a liquidation preference that generally equals the original

 

4


purchase price at the date of issuance. Because the claim on an issuer’s earnings represented by preferred securities may become onerous when interest rates fall below the rate payable on such securities, the issuer may redeem the securities, and the Fund may be unable to acquire securities paying comparable rates with the redemption proceeds. Preferred securities fluctuate in value, often based on factors unrelated to the value of the issuer of the securities, and such fluctuations can be pronounced.

Hybrid-Preferred Securities. Hybrid-preferred securities are generally in the form of interest-bearing notes with preferred security characteristics, or are issued by an affiliated business trust of a corporation, generally in the form of beneficial interests in subordinated debentures or similarly structured securities. The hybrid-preferred securities market consists of both fixed and adjustable coupon rate securities that are either perpetual in nature or have stated maturity dates.

Hybrid-preferred securities are typically junior and fully subordinated liabilities of an issuer or the beneficiary of a guarantee that is junior and fully subordinated to the other liabilities of the guarantor. In addition, hybrid-preferred securities typically permit an issuer to defer the payment of income for eighteen months or more without triggering an event of default. Generally, the maximum deferral period is five years. Because of their subordinated position in the capital structure of an issuer, the ability to defer payments for extended periods of time without default consequences to the issuer, and certain other features (such as restrictions on common dividend payments by the issuer or ultimate guarantor when full cumulative payments on preferred securities have not been made), these hybrid-preferred securities are often treated as close substitutes for traditional preferred securities, both by issuers and investors. Hybrid-preferred securities have many of the key characteristics of equity due to their subordinated position in an issuer’s capital structure and because their quality and value are heavily dependent on the profitability of the issuer rather than on any legal claims to specific assets or cash flows.

Hybrid-preferred securities are typically issued with a final maturity date, although some are perpetual in nature. In certain instances, a final maturity date may be extended and/or the final payment of principal may be deferred at the issuer’s option for a specified time without default. No redemption can typically take place unless all cumulative payment obligations have been met, although issuers may be able to engage in open-market repurchases without regard to whether all payments have been paid.

Many hybrid-preferred securities are issued by trusts or other special purpose entities established by operating companies and are not a direct obligation of an operating company. At the time the trust or special purpose entity sells such preferred securities to investors, it purchases debt of the operating company (with terms comparable to those of the trust or special purpose entity securities), which enables the operating company to deduct for tax purposes the interest paid on the debt held by the trust or special purpose entity. The trust or special purpose entity in turn would be a holder of the operating company’s debt and would have priority with respect to the operating company’s earnings and profits over the operating company’s common stockholders, but would typically be subordinated to other classes of the operating company’s debt. Typically a hybrid-preferred share has a rating that is slightly below that of its corresponding operating company’s senior debt securities.

Within the category of hybrid-preferred securities are senior debt instruments that trade in the broader preferred securities market. These debt instruments, which are sources of long-term capital for the issuers, have structural features similar to preferred stock such as maturities ranging from 30 years to perpetuity, call features, exchange listings and the inclusion of accrued interest in the trading price.

Fixed-Income Securities

The Fund may invest in fixed-income securities. These securities may pay fixed, variable or floating rates of interest, and may include zero coupon obligations. Fixed-income securities are subject to the risk of the issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payments on its obligations (i.e., credit risk) and are subject to the risk of price volatility due to such factors as interest rate sensitivity, market perception of the creditworthiness or financial condition of the issuer and general market liquidity (i.e., market risk).

The Fund may invest without limit in both investment grade and non-investment grade debt securities. Investment grade debt securities are securities that have received a rating from at least one nationally recognized

 

5


statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) in one of the four highest rating categories or, if not rated by any NRSRO, have been determined by the Investment Manager to be of comparable quality. Non-investment grade debt securities in the lowest rating categories may involve a substantial risk of default or may be in default.

High Yield-Lower Rated Securities. Higher yielding (and, therefore, higher risk) securities may be subject to certain risks with respect to the issuing entity and to greater market fluctuations than certain lower yielding, higher rated securities. The retail secondary market for these securities may be less liquid than that of higher rated securities; adverse conditions could make it difficult at times for the Fund to sell certain securities or could result in lower prices than those used in calculating the Fund’s net asset value. Higher yielding securities also may be particularly susceptible to economic downturns.

An economic recession could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of lower rated bonds to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default for such securities. It is likely that an economic recession also could disrupt severely the market for such securities and have an adverse impact on their value.

Bond prices are inversely related to interest rate changes; however, bond price volatility also may be inversely related to coupon. Accordingly, below investment grade securities may be relatively less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher quality securities of comparable maturity, because of their higher coupon. This higher coupon is what the investor receives in return for bearing greater credit risk. The higher credit risk associated with below investment grade securities potentially can have a greater effect on the value of such securities than may be the case with higher quality issues of comparable maturity, and will be a substantial factor in the Fund’s relative share price volatility. The ratings of the NRSROs represent their opinions as to the quality of the obligations which they undertake to rate. Although ratings may be useful in evaluating the safety of interest and principal payments, they do not evaluate the market value risk of these securities. The Fund will rely on the judgment, analysis and experience of the Investment Manager in evaluating the creditworthiness of an issuer.

Because there is no established retail secondary market for many higher yielding securities, the Fund anticipates that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of dealers or institutional investors. To the extent a secondary trading market for these securities does exist, it generally is not as liquid as the secondary market for higher rated securities. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on market price and yield and the Fund’s ability to dispose of particular issues in response to a specific economic event such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer. The lack of a liquid secondary market for certain securities also may make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing the Fund’s portfolio and calculating its net asset value. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of these securities. In such cases, judgment may play a greater role in valuation because less reliable, objective data may be available.

Companies that issue certain higher yielding securities often are highly leveraged and may not have available to them more traditional methods of financing. Therefore, the risk associated with acquiring the securities of such issuers generally is greater than is the case with the higher rated securities. For example, during an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers of these securities may not have sufficient revenues to meet their interest payment obligations. The issuer’s ability to service its debt obligations also may be affected adversely by specific corporate developments, forecasts, or the unavailability of additional financing. The risk of loss because of default by the issuer is significantly greater for the holders of these securities because such securities generally are unsecured and often are subordinated to other creditors of the issuer.

Zero Coupon, Pay-In-Kind and Step-Up Securities. The Fund may invest in zero coupon U.S. Treasury securities, which are U.S. Treasury notes and bonds that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons, the coupons themselves and receipts or certificates representing interests in such stripped debt obligations and coupons. Zero coupon securities also are issued by corporations and financial institutions that constitute a proportionate ownership of the issuer’s pool of underlying U.S. Treasury securities. A zero coupon security pays no interest to its holders during its life and is sold at a discount to its face value at maturity. The Fund may invest in pay-in-kind bonds, which are bonds that generally pay interest through the issuance of additional bonds. The Fund also may purchase step-up coupon bonds, which are debt securities that typically do not pay interest for a specified period of

 

6


time and then pay interest at a series of different rates. The market prices of these securities generally are more volatile than the market prices of securities that pay cash interest periodically and are likely to respond to a greater degree to changes in interest rates than securities having similar maturities and credit qualities. In addition, unlike bonds that pay cash interest throughout the period to maturity, the Fund will realize no cash until the cash payment date unless a portion of such securities are sold and, if the issuer defaults, the Fund may obtain no return at all on its investment. Federal income tax law requires the holder of a zero coupon security or of certain pay-in-kind or step-up bonds to accrue income with respect to these securities prior to the receipt of cash payments. To maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid liability for Federal income taxes, the Fund may be required to distribute such income accrued with respect to these securities and may have to dispose of portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances in order to generate cash to satisfy these distribution requirements.

Variable and Floating Rate Securities

The Fund may invest in variable and floating rate securities, which provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the obligations. The terms of such obligations must provide that interest rates are adjusted periodically based upon an interest rate adjustment index as provided in the respective obligations. The adjustment intervals may be regular, and range from daily up to annually, or may be event based, such as a change in the prime rate.

The Fund may invest in floating rate debt instruments (“floaters”). The interest rate on a floater is a variable rate which is tied to another interest rate, such as a money-market index or Treasury bill rate. The interest rate on a floater resets periodically, typically every six months. Because of the interest rate reset feature, floaters provide the Fund with a certain degree of protection against rises in interest rates, although it will participate in any declines in interest rates as well.

The Fund also may invest in inverse floating rate debt instruments (“inverse floaters”). The interest rate on an inverse floater resets in the opposite direction from the market rate of interest to which the inverse floater is indexed or inversely to a multiple of the applicable index. An inverse floating rate security may exhibit greater price volatility than a fixed rate obligation of similar credit quality.

Senior Loans

The Fund may invest in senior secured floating rate loans (“Senior Loans”). Senior Loans generally are made to corporations, partnerships and other business entities (“Borrowers”) which operate in various industries and geographical regions. Senior Loans, which typically hold the most senior position in a Borrower’s capital structure, pay interest at rates that are redetermined periodically on the basis of a floating base lending rate, such as the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), plus a premium. This floating rate feature should help to minimize changes in the principal value of the Senior Loans resulting from interest rate changes. The Borrowers generally will use proceeds from Senior Loans to finance leveraged buyouts, recapitalizations, mergers, acquisitions and stock repurchases and, to a lesser extent, to finance internal growth and for other corporate purposes. The Fund may invest in Senior Loans that are below investment grade quality and are speculative investments that are subject to credit risk.

Senior Loans in which the Fund may invest may not be rated by a rating agency, will not be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission or any state securities commission and generally will not be listed on any national securities exchange. Therefore, the amount of public information available about Senior Loans will be limited, and the performance of the Fund’s investments in Senior Loans will be more dependent on the analytical abilities of the Investment Manager than would be the case for investments in more widely rated, registered or exchange-listed securities. In evaluating the creditworthiness of Borrowers, the Investment Manager may consider, and may rely in part, on analyses performed by others. Moreover, certain Senior Loans will be subject to contractual restrictions on resale and, therefore, will be illiquid.

 

7


Mortgage-Related Securities

Mortgage-related securities are a form of derivative collateralized by pools of commercial or residential mortgages. Pools of mortgage loans are assembled as securities for sale to investors by various governmental, government-related and private organizations. These securities may include complex instruments such as collateralized mortgage obligations and stripped mortgage-backed securities, mortgage pass-through securities, interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”), adjustable rate mortgages, real estate investment trusts or other kinds of mortgage-backed securities, including those with fixed, floating and variable interest rates, those with interest rates based on multiples of changes in a specified index of interest rates and those with interest rates that change inversely to changes in interest rates, as well as those that do not bear interest.

Residential Mortgage-Related Securities. The Fund may invest in mortgage-related securities representing participation interests in pools of one- to four-family residential mortgage loans issued by governmental agencies or instrumentalities, such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), or issued by private entities. Similar to commercial mortgage-related securities, residential mortgage-related securities have been issued using a variety of structures, including multi-class structures featuring senior and subordinated classes.

Mortgage-related securities issued by GNMA include GNMA Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also know as “Ginnie Maes”) which are guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by GNMA and such guarantee is backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. GNMA certificates also are supported by the authority of GNMA to borrow funds from the U.S. Treasury to make payments under its guarantee. Mortgage-related securities issued by FNMA include FNMA Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as “Fannie Maes”) which are solely the obligations of FNMA and are not backed by or entitled to the full faith and credit of the United States. Fannie Maes are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA. Mortgage-related securities issued by FHLMC include FHLMC Mortgage Participation Certificates (also known as “Freddie Macs” or “PCs”). Freddie Macs are not guaranteed by the United States or by any Federal Home Loan Bank and do not constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or of any Federal Home Loan Bank. Freddie Macs entitle the holder to timely payment of interest, which is guaranteed by FHLMC. FHLMC guarantees either ultimate collection or timely payment of all principal payments on the underlying mortgage loans. When FHLMC does not guarantee timely payment of principal, FHLMC may remit the amount due on account of its guarantee of ultimate payment of principal at any time after default on an underlying mortgage, but in no event later than one year after it becomes payable.

Commercial Mortgage-Related Securities. The Fund may invest in commercial mortgage-related securities which generally are multi-class debt or pass-through certificates secured by mortgage loans on commercial properties. Similar to residential mortgage-related securities, commercial mortgage-related securities have been issued using a variety of structures, including multi-class structures featuring senior and subordinated classes. These mortgage-related securities generally are constructed to provide protection to the senior classes investors against potential losses on the underlying mortgage loans. This protection is generally provided by having the holders of the subordinated class of securities (“Subordinated Securities”) take the first loss if there are defaults on the underlying commercial mortgage loans. Other protection, which may benefit all of the classes or particular classes, may include issuer guarantees, reserve funds, additional Subordinated Securities, cross-collateralization and over-collateralization.

Subordinated Securities. The Fund may invest in Subordinated Securities issued or sponsored by commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers, private mortgage insurance companies and other non-governmental issuers. Subordinated Securities have no governmental guarantee, and are subordinated in some manner as to the payment of principal and/or interest to the holders of more senior mortgage-related securities arising out of the same pool of mortgages. The holders of Subordinated Securities typically are compensated with a higher stated yield than are the holders of more senior mortgage-related securities. On the other hand, Subordinated Securities typically subject the holder to greater risk than senior mortgage-related securities and tend to be rated in a lower rating category, and frequently a substantially lower rating category, than the senior mortgage-related securities issued in respect of the same pool of mortgage. Subordinated Securities generally are likely to be more sensitive to changes in prepayment and interest rates and the market for such securities may be less liquid than is the case for traditional fixed-income securities and senior mortgage-related securities.

 

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Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”) and Multi-Class Pass-Through Securities. The Fund may invest in CMOs, which are multiclass bonds backed by pools of mortgage pass-through certificates or mortgage loans. CMOs may be collateralized by (a) GNMA, Fannie Mae or FHLMC pass-through certificates, (b) unsecuritized mortgage loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans’ Affairs, (c) unsecuritized conventional mortgages, (d) other mortgage-related securities or (e) any combination thereof.

Each class of CMOs, often referred to as a “tranche,” is issued at a specific coupon rate and has a stated maturity or final distribution date. Principal prepayments on collateral underlying a CMO may cause it to be retired substantially earlier than the stated maturities or final distribution dates. The principal and interest on the underlying mortgages may be allocated among the several classes of a series of a CMO in many ways. One or more tranches of a CMO may have coupon rates which reset periodically at a specified increment over an index, such as the LIBOR (or sometimes more than one index). These floating rate CMOs typically are issued with lifetime caps on the coupon rate thereon. The Fund also may invest in inverse floating rate CMOs. Inverse floating rate CMOs constitute a tranche of a CMO with a coupon rate that moves in the reverse direction to an applicable index such as the LIBOR. Accordingly, the coupon rate thereon will increase as interest rates decrease. Inverse floating rate CMOs are typically more volatile than fixed or floating rate tranches of CMOs.

Many inverse floating rate CMOs have coupons that move inversely to a multiple of the applicable indexes. The coupon varying inversely to a multiple of an applicable index creates a leverage factor. Inverse floaters based on multiples of a stated index are designed to be highly sensitive to changes in interest rates and can subject the holders thereof to extreme reductions of yield and loss of principal. The markets for inverse floating rate CMOs with highly leveraged characteristics may at times be very thin. The Fund’s ability to dispose of its positions in such securities will depend on the degree of liquidity in the markets for such securities. It is impossible to predict the amount of trading interest that may exist in such securities, and therefore the future degree of liquidity.

Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. The Fund also may invest in stripped mortgage-backed securities which are created by segregating the cash flows from underlying mortgage loans or mortgage securities to create two or more new securities, each with a specified percentage of the underlying security’s principal or interest payments. Mortgage securities may be partially stripped so that each investor class received some interest and some principal. When securities are completely stripped, however, all of the interest is distributed to holders of one type of security, known as an interest-only security, or IO, and all of the principal is distributed to holders of another type of security known as a principal-only security, or PO. Strips can be created in a pass-through structure or as tranches of a CMO. The yields to maturity on IOs and POs are very sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund may not fully recoup its initial investment in IOs. Conversely, if the underlying mortgage assets experience less than anticipated prepayments of principal, the yield on POs could be materially and adversely affected.

Private Entity Securities. The Fund may invest in mortgage-related securities issued by commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers, private mortgage insurance companies and other non-governmental issuers. Timely payment of principal and interest on mortgage-related securities backed by pools created by non-governmental issuers often is supported partially by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance. The insurance and guarantees are issued by government entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers. There can be no assurance that the private insurers or mortgage poolers can meet their obligations under the policies, so that if the issuers default on their obligations the holders of the security could sustain a loss. No insurance or guarantee covers the Fund or the price of the Fund’s shares. Mortgage-related securities issued by non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government-agency and government-related securities because there are no direct or indirect government guarantees of payment.

CMO Residuals. CMO residuals are derivative mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing.

 

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The cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying series of CMOs is applied first to make required payments of principal of and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses of the issuer. The residual in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents dividend or interest income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMOs, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the prepayment experience on the mortgage assets. In particular, the yield to maturity on CMO residuals is extremely sensitive to prepayments on the related underlying mortgage assets in the same manner as an IO class of stripped mortgage-back securities. See “Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities” above. In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. As described above with respect to stripped mortgage-back securities, in certain circumstances, the Fund may fail to fully recoup its initial investment in a CMO residual.

CMO residuals generally are purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. CMO residuals may not have the liquidity of other more established securities trading in other markets. Transactions in CMO residuals are generally completed only after careful review of the characteristics of the securities in question. In addition, whether or not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), CMO residuals may be subject to certain restrictions of transferability. Ownership of certain CMO residuals imposes liability for certain of the expenses of the related CMO issuer on the purchaser.

Other Mortgage-Related Securities. Other mortgage-related securities in which the Fund may invest include securities other than those described above that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property. Other mortgage-related securities may be equity or debt securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, partnerships, trusts and special purpose entities of the foregoing.

Asset-Backed Securities

Asset-backed securities are a form of derivative. The securitization techniques used for asset-backed securities are similar to those used for mortgage-related securities. These securities include debt securities and securities with debt-like characteristics. The collateral for these securities has included credit card and automobile receivables, home equity loans, boat loans, computer leases, airplane leases, mobile home loans, recreational vehicle loans and hospital account receivables. The Fund may invest in these and other types of asset-backed securities that may be developed in the future.

Asset-backed securities present certain risks that are not presented by mortgage-backed securities. Primarily, these securities may provide the Fund with a less effective security interest in the related collateral than do mortgage-backed securities. Therefore, there is the possibility that recoveries on the underlying collateral may not, in some cases, be available to support payments on these securities.

Credit card receivables are generally unsecured and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. Most organizations that issue asset-backed securities relating to motor vehicle installment purchase obligations perfect their interests in their respective obligations only by filing a financing statement and by having the servicer of the obligations, which is usually the originator, take custody thereof. In such circumstances, if the servicer were to sell the same obligations to another party, in violation of its duty not to so do, there is a risk that such party could acquire an interest in the obligations superior to that of the holders of the securities. Also, although most such obligations grant a security interest in the motor vehicle being financed, in most states the security interest in a motor vehicle must be noted on the certificate of title to perfect

 

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such security interest against competing claims of other parties. Due to the large number of vehicles involved, however, the certificate of title to each vehicle financed, pursuant to the obligations underlying the securities, usually is not amended to reflect the assignment of the seller’s security interest for the benefit of the holders of the securities. Therefore, there is the possibility that recoveries on repossessed collateral may not, in some cases, be available to support payments on those securities. In addition, various state and federal laws give the motor vehicle owner the right to assert against the holder of the owner’s obligation certain defenses such owner would have against the seller of the motor vehicle. The assertion of such defenses could reduce payments on the related securities.

Convertible Securities

As discussed in the Prospectus, the Fund may invest in convertible securities and are subject to the risks associated with such investments. The Fund also may invest in mandatory convertible securities, which are distinguished as a subset of convertible securities because they may be called for conversion by the issuers after a particular date and under certain circumstances (including at a specified price) established upon its issuance. The conversion is not optional, and the conversion price is based solely upon the market price of the underlying common stock, which may be significantly less than par or the price paid. For these reasons, the risks associated with investing in mandatory convertible securities most closely resemble the risks inherent in common stocks. If a mandatory convertible security is called for conversion, the Fund will be required to either convert it into the underlying common stock or sell it to a third party, which may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. Mandatory convertible securities customarily pay a higher coupon yield to compensate for the potential risk of additional price volatility and loss upon redemption. Because the correlation of common stock risk increases as the security approaches its redemption date, there can be no assurance that the higher coupon will compensate for the potential loss.

The Fund also may invest in so-called “synthetic convertible securities,” which are comprised of two or more different securities, each with its own market value, whose investment characteristics, taken together, resemble those of convertible securities. For example, the Fund may purchase a non-convertible debt security and a warrant or option. The “market value” of a synthetic convertible is the sum of the values of its fixed income component and its convertible component. For this reason, the values of a synthetic convertible and a true convertible security may respond differently to market fluctuations.

Credit Risk and Lower-Rated Securities

The Fund may invest without limit in securities rated below investment grade, such as those rated below Baa or BBB by Moody’s and S&P, respectively, or securities comparably rated by other rating agencies or in unrated securities determined by the Investment Manager to be below investment grade. Securities rated Ba by Moody’s are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well assured and often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate. Securities rated BB by S&P are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics and, while such obligations have less near-term vulnerability to default than other speculative grade debt, they face major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The Fund will not invest in securities which are in default at the time of purchase.

Lower grade securities, though high yielding, are characterized by high risk. They may be subject to certain risks with respect to the issuing entity and to greater market fluctuations than certain lower yielding, higher rated securities. The retail secondary market for lower grade securities may be less liquid than that of higher rated securities; adverse conditions could make it difficult at times for the Fund to sell certain securities or could result in lower prices than those used in calculating the Fund’s net asset value.

The prices of debt securities generally are inversely related to interest rate changes; however, the price volatility caused by fluctuating interest rates of securities also is inversely related to the coupons of such securities. Accordingly, below investment grade securities may be relatively less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher quality securities of comparable maturity because of their higher coupon. This higher coupon is what the investor receives in return for bearing greater credit risk. The higher credit risk associated with below investment grade securities potentially can have a greater effect on the value of such securities than may be the case with higher quality issues of comparable maturity.

 

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Lower grade securities may be particularly susceptible to economic downturns. It is likely that an economic recession could severely disrupt the market for such securities and may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities. In addition, it is likely that any such economic downturn could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default for such securities.

The ratings of rating agencies represent their opinions as to the quality of the obligations that they undertake to rate. Ratings are relative and subjective and, although ratings may be useful in evaluating the safety of interest and principal payments, they do not evaluate the market value risk of such obligations. Although these ratings may be an initial criterion for selection of portfolio investments, the Investment Manager also will independently evaluate these securities and the ability for the issuers of such securities to pay interest and principal. To the extent that the Fund invests in lower grade securities that have not been rated by a rating agency, the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective will be more dependent on the Fund’s credit analysis than would be the case when the Fund invests in rated securities.

Foreign Securities

Foreign securities in which the Fund may invest may be listed on foreign securities exchanges or traded in foreign over-the-counter markets or may be purchased in private placements and not be publicly traded. Foreign securities markets generally are not as developed or efficient as those in the United States. Securities of some foreign issuers, including depositary receipts (described below), foreign government obligations and securities of supranational entities, are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. issuers. Similarly, volume and liquidity in most foreign securities markets are less than in the United States and, at times, volatility of price can be greater than in the United States.

Because evidences of ownership of such securities usually are held outside the United States, the Fund will be subject to additional risks which include possible adverse political and economic developments, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits and adoption of governmental restrictions, which might adversely affect or restrict the payment of principal and interest on the foreign securities to investors located outside the country of the issuer, whether from currency blockage or otherwise.

Developing countries have economic structures that generally are less diverse and mature, and political systems that are less stable, than those of developed countries. The markets of developing countries may be more volatile than the markets of more mature economies; however, such markets may provide higher rates of return to investors. Many developing countries providing investment opportunities have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may continue to have adverse effects on the economies and securities markets of certain of these countries.

Depositary Receipts. The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers and in depositary receipts, such as American Depositary Receipts and American Depositary Shares (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts and Global Depositary Shares (“GDRs”) and other forms of depositary receipts. ADRs are receipts typically issued by a United States bank or trust company which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. GDRs are receipts issued outside the United States typically by non-United States banks and trust companies that evidence ownership of either foreign or domestic securities. Generally, ADRs in registered form are designed for use in the United States securities markets and GDRs in bearer form are designed for use outside the United States.

These securities may be purchased through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by the issuer of the underlying security and a depositary. A depositary may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by the issuer of the deposited security. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of such facilities, and the depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through voting rights to the holders of such receipts in respect of the deposited securities.

 

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Other Investment Companies

The Fund may invest in other investment companies in pursuant to the Closed-End Funds Strategy. The Fund also may invest in other investment companies either during periods when it has large amounts of uninvested cash, such as the period shortly after the Fund receives the proceeds of the offering of its Common Shares, or during periods when there is a shortage of attractive opportunities in the market. As a stockholder in an investment company, the Fund would bear its ratable share of that investment company’s expenses, and would remain subject to payment of the Fund’s advisory and other fees and expenses with respect to assets so invested. Holders of Common Shares would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. The securities of other investment companies may also be leveraged and will therefore be subject to the same leverage risks to which the Fund is subject. As described in the Prospectus in the sections entitled “Use of Leverage” and “Use of Leverage—Leverage Risks,” the net asset value and market value of leveraged shares will be more volatile and the yield to stockholders will tend to fluctuate more than the yield generated by unleveraged shares. Investment companies may have investment policies that differ from those of the Fund. In addition, to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies, the Fund will be dependent upon the investment and research abilities of persons other than the Investment Manager.

In accordance with Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act, the Fund may be limited in the amount the Fund and its affiliates can invest in any one fund (a “Portfolio Fund”) to 3% of the Portfolio Fund’s total outstanding stock. As a result, the Fund may hold a smaller position in a Portfolio Fund than if it were not subject to this restriction. To comply with provisions of the 1940 Act, on any matter upon which Portfolio Fund stockholders are solicited to vote the Investment Manager may be required to vote Portfolio Fund shares in the same general proportion as shares held by other stockholders of the Portfolio Fund.

Restricted and Illiquid Securities

When purchasing securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act, and are not readily marketable, the Fund will endeavor, to the extent practicable, to obtain the right to registration at the expense of the issuer. Generally, there will be a lapse of time between the Fund’s decision to sell any such security and the registration of the security permitting sale. During any such period, the price of the securities will be subject to market fluctuations. In addition, the Fund may not be able to readily dispose of such securities at prices that approximate those at which the Fund could sell such securities if they were more widely traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations.

The Fund may purchase certain securities eligible for resale to qualified institutional buyers as contemplated by Rule 144A under the Securities Act (“Rule 144A Securities”). Rule 144A provides an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for the resale of certain restricted securities to certain qualified institutional buyers. One effect of Rule 144A is that certain restricted securities may be considered liquid, though no assurance can be given that a liquid market for Rule 144A Securities will develop or be maintained. However, where a substantial market of qualified institutional buyers has developed for certain unregistered securities purchased by the Fund pursuant to Rule 144A, the Fund intends to treat such securities as liquid securities in accordance with procedures approved by the Fund’s Board of Directors. Because it is not possible to predict with assurance how the market for Rule 144A Securities will develop, the Fund’s Board of Directors has directed the Investment Manager to monitor carefully the Fund’s investments in such securities with particular regard to trading activity, availability of reliable price information and other relevant information. To the extent that, for a period of time, qualified institutional buyers cease purchasing restricted securities pursuant to Rule 144A, the Fund’s investing in such securities may have the effect of increasing the level of illiquidity in its investment portfolio during such period.

 

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Strategic Transactions

The Fund may purchase and sell derivative instruments such as exchange-listed and over-the-counter put and call options on securities, financial futures, indices, and other financial instruments; purchase and sell financial futures contracts and options thereon; and enter into various interest rate transactions such as swaps, caps, floors or collars or credit transactions; equity swaps; credit default swaps; forward contracts; and structured investments. In addition, the Fund may enter into various currency transactions, such as forward currency contracts, currency futures contracts, currency swaps or options on currency or currency futures. The Fund also may purchase derivative instruments that combine features of these instruments. Collectively, all of the above are referred to as “Strategic Transactions.”

Derivatives may be purchased on established exchanges or through privately negotiated transactions referred to as over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives. Exchange-traded derivatives generally are guaranteed by the clearing agency which is the issuer or counterparty to such derivatives. This guarantee usually is supported by a daily variation margin system operated by the clearing agency in order to reduce overall credit risk. As a result, unless the clearing agency defaults, there is relatively little counterparty credit risk associated with derivatives purchased on an exchange. In contrast, no clearing agency guarantees over-the-counter derivatives. Therefore, each party to an over-the-counter derivative bears the risk that the counterparty will default. OTC derivatives are less liquid than exchange-traded derivatives since the other party to the transaction may be the only investor with sufficient understanding of the derivative to be interested in bidding for it.

Derivatives can be volatile and involve various types and degrees of risk, depending upon the characteristics of the particular derivative and the Fund as a whole. Derivatives may entail investment exposures that are greater than their cost would suggest, meaning that a small investment in derivatives could have a large potential impact on the Fund’s performance. If the Fund invests in derivatives at inopportune times or if the Investment Manager judges market conditions incorrectly, such investments may lower the Fund’s return or result in a loss. The Fund also could experience losses if it were unable to liquidate its position because of an illiquid secondary market. The market for many derivatives is, or suddenly can become, illiquid. Changes in liquidity may result in significant, rapid and unpredictable changes in the prices for derivatives. Successful use of derivatives by the Fund also is subject to the ability of the Investment Manager to predict correctly movements in the direction of the relevant market and, to the extent the transaction is entered into for hedging purposes, to ascertain the appropriate correlation between the transaction being hedged and the price movements of the derivatives.

The Fund will not be a commodity pool (i.e., a pooled investment vehicle which trades in commodity futures contracts and options thereon and the operator of which is registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”)). In addition, the Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of commodity pool operator and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act.

Foreign Currency Transactions. Currency transactions include forward currency contracts, exchange-listed currency futures contracts and options thereon, exchange-listed and OTC options on currencies and currency swaps. Foreign currency transactions may involve, for example, the Fund’s purchase of foreign currencies for U.S. dollars or the maintenance of short positions in foreign currencies. A short position would involve the Fund agreeing to exchange an amount of a currency it did not currently own for another currency at a future date in anticipation of a decline in the value of the currency sold relative to the currency the Fund contracted to receive. The Fund’s success in these transactions will depend principally on the ability of the Investment Manager to predict accurately future foreign currency exchange rates.

Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. They generally are determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets and the relative merits of investments in different countries, actual or perceived changes in interest rates and other complex factors, as seen from an international perspective. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably by intervention of U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, or the failure to intervene, or by currency controls or political developments in the United States or abroad.

Forward Currency Contracts. A forward currency contract involves a privately negotiated obligation to purchase or sell (with delivery generally required) a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed

 

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number of days from the date of the contract as agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are entered into in the interbank market conducted directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks and brokers) and their customers. Forward currency contracts are similar to currency futures contracts, except that futures contracts are traded on commodities exchanges and are standardized as to contract size and delivery date. Forward currency contracts are highly volatile, and a relatively small price movement in a forward currency contract may result in substantial losses.

Futures Transactions. The Fund may enter into futures contracts and options thereon in U.S. domestic markets, or on exchanges located outside the United States. These futures contracts and options include these with respect to foreign currencies and interest rates. A currency future obligates the Fund to purchase or sell an amount of a specific currency at a future date at a specific price. An interest rate future obligates the Fund to purchase or sell an amount of a specific debt security at a future date at a specific price.

Foreign markets may offer advantages such as trading opportunities or arbitrage possibilities not available in the United States. Foreign markets, however, may have greater risk potential than domestic markets. For example, some foreign exchanges are principal markets so that no common clearing facility exists and an investor may look only to the broker for performance of the contract. In addition, any profits the Fund might realize in trading could be eliminated by adverse changes in the currency exchange rate, or the Fund could incur losses as a result of those changes. Transactions on foreign exchanges may include both commodities which are traded on domestic exchanges and those which are not. Unlike trading on domestic commodity exchanges, trading on foreign commodity exchanges is not regulated by the CFTC.

Engaging in these transactions involves risk of loss to the Fund which could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s net assets. No assurance can be given that a liquid market will exist for any particular contract at any particular time. Many futures exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit or trading may be suspended for specified periods during the trading day. Futures contract prices could move to the limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and potentially subjecting the Fund to substantial losses. In addition, if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio holdings to meet daily variation margin requirements. The Fund may have to sell portfolio holdings at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.

Options. The Fund may buy and sell (write) covered call and put options. A covered call option written by the Fund is a call option with respect to which the Fund owns the underlying security or otherwise covers the transaction by segregating permissible liquid assets. A put option written by the Fund is covered when, among other things, the Fund, respectively, segregates permissible liquid assets having a value equal to or greater than the exercise price of the option to fulfill the obligation undertaken. The principal reason for writing covered call and put options is to realize, through the receipt of premiums, a greater return than would be realized on the underlying securities alone. The writer of a covered call or put option receives a premium which it retains whether or not the option is exercised.

The Fund may buy and sell call and put options on foreign currency. A call option gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying currency at the exercise price at any time during the option period, or at a specific date, at a price which the purchaser expects to be lower than the spot price of the currency at the time the option is exercised. Conversely, a put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the underlying currency at the exercise price at any time during the option period, or at a specific date, at a price which the seller anticipates to be higher than the spot price of the currency at the time the option is exercised.

The Fund may purchase cash-settled options on interest rate swaps, including interest rate swaps denominated in foreign currency in pursuit of its investment objective. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest (for example, an exchange of floating-rate payments for fixed-rate payments) denominated in U.S. dollars or foreign currency. A cash-settled option on a swap gives the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, in return for the premium paid, to receive an amount of cash equal to the value of the underlying swap as of the exercise date. These options typically are purchased in privately negotiated transactions from financial institutions, including securities brokerage firms.

 

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There is no assurance that sufficient trading interest to create a liquid secondary market on a securities exchange will exist for any particular option or at any particular time, and for some options no such secondary market may exist. A liquid secondary market in an option may cease to exist for a variety of reasons. In the past, for example, higher than anticipated trading activity or order flow, or other unforeseen events, at times have rendered certain of the clearing facilities inadequate and resulted in the institution of special procedures, such as trading rotations, restrictions on certain types of orders or trading halts or suspensions in one or more options. There can be no assurance that similar events, or events that may otherwise interfere with the timely execution of customers’ orders, will not recur. In such event, it might not be possible to effect closing transactions in particular options. If, as a covered call option writer, the Fund is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction in a secondary market, it will not be able to sell the underlying security until the option expires or it delivers the underlying security upon exercise or it otherwise covers its position.

Interest Rate Transactions. Among the Strategic Transactions into which the Fund may enter are interest rate swaps and the purchase or sale of interest rate caps and floors. The Fund expects to enter into the transactions primarily to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio as a duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date or, as discussed in the Prospectus, to hedge against increased Fund Preferred Share dividend rates or increases in the Fund’s cost of Borrowings. For a more complete discussion of interest rate transactions, see “—Interest Rate Transactions.”

Swap Agreements. The Fund may enter into interest rate, equity index, credit, currency and total return swap agreements and swaptions (options on swaps). These transactions are entered into in an attempt to obtain a particular return when it is considered desirable to do so. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to more than a year. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” i.e., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign currency, or in a “basket” of securities representing a particular index.

Interest Rate Swaps. Forms of interest rate swap agreements include interest rate caps, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent interest rates exceed a specified rate or “cap”; interest rate floors, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent interest rates fall below a specified level or “floor”; and interest rate collars, under which a party sells a cap and purchases a floor or vice versa in an attempt to protect itself against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels.

Credit Swaps. In a credit swap (also sometimes referred to as “credit default swap” or “credit default put”), one party makes an upfront payment or a series of periodic payments and, upon the occurrence of a specified credit event with respect to a designated third party, the other party makes a payment based on a notional amount or the face value of a specified instrument, which in some (but not all) cases will only be made against delivery of such specified instrument.

Total Return Swaps. In a total return swap, one party pays a rate of interest in exchange for the total rate of return on another investment.

Equity Index Swaps. Equity index swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of cash flows based upon the performance of an index or a portion of an index of securities which usually includes dividends. The Fund may purchase cash-settled options on equity index swaps. A cash-settled option on a swap gives the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, in return for the premium paid, to receive an amount of cash equal to the value of the underlying swap as of the exercise date. These options typically are purchased in privately negotiated transactions from financial institutions, including securities brokerage firms.

 

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Currency Swaps. Currency swaps involve the exchange of rights to make or receive payments in specified foreign currencies. Currency swaps usually involve the delivery of the entire principal value of one designated currency in exchange for another designated currency.

Most swap agreements entered into by the Fund would calculate the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a “net basis.” Consequently, the Fund’s current obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement generally will be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the “net amount”). The risk of loss with respect to swaps is limited to the net amount of interest payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to make. If the other party to a swap defaults, the Fund’s risk of loss consists of the net amount of payments that the Fund contractually is entitled to receive.

The use of swaps is a highly specialized activity which involves special investment techniques and risks, including increased volatility and the credit risk associated with the counterparty to the derivative. These investments generally will be subject to transaction costs and other fees, which will reduce the value of the Fund’s investment. In addition, if the Investment Manager is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates or exchange rates, the performance of the Fund may be adversely affected.

Structured Notes and Related Instruments. Structured notes and related instruments are privately negotiated debt obligations where the principal and/or interest is determined by reference to the performance of a benchmark asset, market, interest rate or other financial indicator (an “embedded index”) or the relevant changes in two or more embedded indices, such as the differential performance of two assets or markets.

Structured instruments may be issued by corporations, including banks, as well as by governmental agencies. Structured instruments frequently are assembled in the form of medium-term notes, but a variety of forms are available and may be used in particular circumstances. Structured instruments issued through a trust or partnership through which the Fund would hold the underlying debt obligations may be in the form of swap products, in which the trust or partnership swaps the payments due on an underlying bond with a swap counterparty who agrees to pay a floating money market interest rate, or partnerships which allocate to the partners income, expenses, capital gains and losses in accordance with a governing partnership agreement. The terms of structured instruments assembled in the form of medium-term notes normally provide that their principal and/or interest payments are to be adjusted upwards or downwards (but ordinarily not below zero) to reflect changes in the embedded index while the structured instruments are outstanding. As a result, the interest and/or principal payments that may be made on a structured product may vary widely, depending on a variety of factors, including the volatility of the embedded index and the effect of changes in the embedded index on principal and/or interest payments. The value of structured instruments may move in the same or the opposite direction as the value of the embedded index, so that appreciation of the embedded index may produce an increase or decrease in the interest rate or value of the instrument at maturity. The terms of structured instruments may provide that in certain circumstances no principal is due at maturity and, therefore, may result in the loss of the Fund’s entire investment. Consequently, structured instruments may entail a greater degree of market risk and volatility than other types of debt obligations. The rate of return on structured notes may be determined by applying a multiplier to the performance or differential performance of the referenced index(es) or other asset(s) so that the instrument may be more or less volatile than the embedded index, depending on the multiplier. Application of a multiplier involves leverage that will serve to magnify the potential for gain and the risk of loss.

Master Limited Partnerships

The Fund may invest in equity securities of MLPs. An MLP generally has two classes of partners, the general partner and the limited partners. The general partner normally controls the MLP through an equity interest plus units that are subordinated to the common (publicly traded) units for an initial period and then only converting to common if certain financial tests are met. As a motivation for the general partner to successfully manage the MLP and increase cash flows, the terms of most MLPs typically provide that the general partner receives a larger portion of the net income as distributions reach higher target levels. As cash flow grows, the general partner

 

17


receives a greater interest in the incremental income compared to the interest of limited partners. The general partner’s incentive compensation typically increases to up to 50% of incremental income. Nevertheless, the aggregate amount distributed to limited partners will increase as MLP distributions reach higher target levels. Given this incentive structure, the general partner has an incentive to streamline operations and undertake acquisitions and growth projects in order to increase distributions to all partners.

MLP common units represent an equity ownership interest in a partnership, providing limited voting rights and entitling the holder to a share of the company’s success through distributions and/or capital appreciation. Unlike stockholders of a corporation, common unit holders do not elect directors annually and generally have the right to vote only on certain significant events, such as mergers, a sale of substantially all of the assets, removal of the general partner or material amendments to the partnership agreement. MLPs are required by their partnership agreements to distribute a large percentage of their current operating earnings. Common unit holders generally have first right to a minimum quarterly distribution prior to distributions to the convertible subordinated unit holders or the general partner (including incentive distributions). Common unit holders typically have arrearage rights if the minimum quarterly distribution is not met. In the event of liquidation, MLP common unit holders have first right to the partnership’s remaining assets after bondholders, other debt holders, and preferred unit holders have been paid in full. MLP common units trade on a national securities exchange or over-the-counter. Some limited liability companies (“LLCs”) may be treated as MLPs for federal income tax purposes. Similar to MLPs, LLCs typically do not pay federal income tax at the entity level and are required by their operating agreements to distribute a large percentage of their current operating earnings. In contrast to MLPs, LLCs have no general partner and there are no incentives that entitle management or other unit holders to increased percentages of cash distributions as distributions reach higher target levels. In addition, LLC common unit holders typically have voting rights with respect to the LLC, whereas MLP common units have limited voting rights. MLP common units and other equity securities can be affected by macro economic and other factors affecting the stock market in general, expectations of interest rates, investor sentiment towards MLPs or a MLP’s business sector, changes in a particular issuer’s financial condition, or unfavorable or unanticipated poor performance of a particular issuer (in the case of MLPs, generally measured in terms of distributable cash flow). Prices of common units of individual MLPs and other equity securities can also be affected by fundamentals unique to the partnership or company, including earnings power and coverage ratios.

MLP convertible subordinated units are typically issued by MLPs to founders, corporate general partners of MLPs, entities that sell assets to the MLP, and institutional investors, and may be purchased in direct placements from such persons. The purpose of the convertible subordinated units is to increase the likelihood that during the subordination period there will be available cash to be distributed to common unit holders. Convertible subordinated units generally are not entitled to distributions until holders of common units have received specified minimum quarterly distributions, plus any arrearages, and may receive less in distributions upon liquidation. Convertible subordinated unit holders generally are entitled to a minimum quarterly distribution prior to the payment of incentive distributions to the general partner, but are not entitled to arrearage rights. Therefore, they generally entail greater risk than MLP common units. They are generally convertible automatically into the senior common units of the same issuer at a one-to-one ratio upon the passage of time or the satisfaction of certain financial tests. These units do not trade on a national exchange or over-the-counter, and there is no active market for convertible subordinated units. The value of a convertible security is a function of its worth if converted into the underlying common units. Convertible subordinated units generally have similar voting rights to MLP common units. Because convertible subordinated units generally convert to common units on a one-to-one ratio, the price that the Fund could be expected to pay upon purchase or to realize upon resale is generally tied to the common unit price less a discount. The size of the discount varies depending on a variety of factors including the likelihood of conversion, and the length of time remaining to conversion, and the size of the block purchased.

MLP I-Shares represent an indirect investment in MLP I-units. I-units are equity securities issued to affiliates of MLPs, typically a limited liability company, that own an interest in and manage the MLP. The issuer has management rights but is not entitled to incentive distributions. The I-Share issuer’s assets consist exclusively of MLP I-units. Distributions by MLPs to I-unit holders are made in the form of additional I-units, generally equal in amount to the cash received by common unit holders of MLPs. Distributions to I-Share holders are made in the form of additional I-Shares, generally equal in amount to the I-units received by the I-Share issuer. The issuer of the I-Share is taxed as a corporation for federal income tax purposes; however, the MLP does not allocate income or

 

18


loss to the I-Share issuer. Accordingly, investors receive a Form 1099, are not allocated their proportionate share of income of the MLPs and are not subject to state income tax filing obligations. The price of I-Shares and their volatility tend to be correlated to the price of common units, although the price correlation is not precise.

When-Issued and Forward Commitment Securities

The Fund may purchase securities on a “when-issued” basis and may purchase or sell securities on a “forward commitment” basis in order to acquire the security or to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. When such transactions are negotiated, the price, which is generally expressed in yield terms, is fixed at the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities take place at a later date. When-issued securities and forward commitments may be sold prior to the settlement date, but the Fund will enter into when-issued and forward commitments only with the intention of actually receiving or delivering the securities, as the case may be. If the Fund disposes of the right to acquire a when-issued security prior to its acquisition or disposes of its right to deliver or receive against a forward commitment, it might incur a gain or loss. At the time the Fund enters into a transaction on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, it will designate on its books and records cash or liquid debt securities equal to at least the value of the when-issued or forward commitment securities. The value of these assets will be monitored daily to ensure that their marked to market value will at all times equal or exceed the corresponding obligations of the Fund. There is always a risk that the securities may not be delivered and that the Fund may incur a loss. Settlements in the ordinary course, which may take substantially more than three business days, are not treated by the Fund as when-issued or forward commitment transactions and accordingly are not subject to the foregoing restrictions.

Securities purchased on a forward commitment or when-issued basis are subject to changes in value (generally changing in the same way, i.e., appreciating when interest rates decline and depreciating when interest rates rise) based upon the public’s perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and changes, actual or anticipated, in the level of interest rates. Securities purchased with a forward commitment or when-issued basis may expose the Fund to risks because they may experience such fluctuations prior to their actual delivery. Purchasing securities on a when-issued basis can involve the additional risks that the yield available in the market when the delivery takes place actually may be higher than that obtained in the transaction itself. Purchasing securities on a forward commitment or when-issued basis when the Fund is fully invested may result in greater potential fluctuation in the value of the Fund’s net assets and its net asset value per share.

Defensive Positions; Use of Proceeds

For temporary defensive purposes or to keep cash on hand fully invested, and following the offering pending investment in securities that meet the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its total assets in U.S. Government securities or high-quality, short-term money market instruments.

The Fund may invest in U.S. Government securities, including bills, notes and bonds differing as to maturity and rates of interest that are either issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government securities include securities issued by (a) the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration, and GNMA, whose securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; (b) the Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, and Tennessee Valley Authority, whose securities are supported by the right of the agency to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; (c) the FNMA, whose securities are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and (d) the Student Loan Marketing Association, whose securities are supported only by its credit. While the U.S. Government provides financial support to such U.S. Government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it always will do so since it is not so obligated by law. The U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities. Consequently, the value of such securities may fluctuate.

Money market instruments and short-term fixed income investments include:

 

  (1)

certificates of deposit issued against funds deposited in a bank or a savings and loan association.

 

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Such certificates are for a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return, and are normally negotiable. The issuer of a certificate of deposit agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the certificate on the date specified thereon. Certificates of deposit purchased by the Fund may not be fully insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

 

  (2) repurchase agreements, which involve purchases of debt securities. At the time the Fund purchases securities pursuant to a repurchase agreement, it simultaneously agrees to resell and redeliver such securities to the seller, who also simultaneously agrees to buy back the securities at a fixed price and time. This assures a predetermined yield for the Fund during its holding period, since the resale price is always greater than the purchase price and reflects an agreed-upon market rate. Such actions afford an opportunity for the Fund to invest temporarily available cash. The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements only with respect to obligations of the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities; certificates of deposit; or bankers’ acceptances in which the Fund may invest. Repurchase agreements may be considered loans to the seller, collateralized by the underlying securities. The risk to the Fund is limited to the ability of the seller to pay the agreed-upon sum on the repurchase date; in the event of default, the repurchase agreement provides that the Fund is entitled to sell the underlying collateral. If the value of the collateral declines after the agreement is entered into, and if the seller defaults under a repurchase agreement when the value of the underlying collateral is less than the repurchase price, the Fund could incur a loss of both principal and interest. The Investment Manager monitors the value of the collateral at the time the action is entered into and at all times during the term of the repurchase agreement. The Investment Manager does so in an effort to determine that the value of the collateral always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price to be paid to the Fund. If the seller were to be subject to a Federal bankruptcy proceeding, the ability of the Fund to liquidate the collateral could be delayed or impaired because of certain provisions of the bankruptcy laws.

 

  (3) commercial paper, which consists of short-term unsecured promissory notes, including variable rate master demand notes issued by corporations to finance their current operations. Master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between the Fund and a corporation. There is no secondary market for such notes. However, they are redeemable by the Fund at any time.

If the Fund invests in commercial paper, the Investment Manager will consider the financial condition of the corporation (e.g., earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios) and will continuously monitor the corporation’s ability to meet all of its financial obligations, because the Fund’s liquidity might be impaired if the corporation were unable to pay principal and/or interest on demand. Investments in commercial paper will be limited to commercial paper rated in the two highest categories by a major rating agency or are unrated but determined to be of comparable quality by the Investment Manager and which mature within one year of the date of purchase or carry a variable or floating rate of interest.

Cash Reserves

The Fund’s cash reserves, held to provide sufficient flexibility to take advantage of new opportunities for investments and for other cash needs, will be invested in money market instruments.

Money market instruments in which the Fund may invest its cash reserves will generally consist of obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities and such obligations which are subject to repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements may be entered into with member banks of the Federal Reserve System or “primary dealers” (as designated by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York) in U.S. Government securities. Other acceptable money market instruments include commercial paper rated by any nationally recognized rating agency, certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances issued by domestic banks having managed assets in excess of one billion dollars, and money market mutual funds.

In entering into a repurchase agreement for the Fund, the Investment Manager will evaluate and monitor the creditworthiness of the vendor. In the event that a vendor should default on its repurchase obligation, the Fund

 

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might suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from the sale of the collateral were less than the repurchase price. If the vendor becomes bankrupt, the Fund might be delayed, or may incur costs or possible losses of principal and income, in selling the collateral.

Interest Rate Transactions

In order to seek to reduce the interest rate risk inherent in our underlying investments and any issuance of Fund Preferred Shares or variable rate Borrowings, we may enter into interest rate swap or cap transactions. Interest rate swaps involve the Fund’s agreement with the swap counterparty to pay a fixed rate payment in exchange for the counterparty paying the Fund a variable rate payment that is intended to approximate the Fund’s variable rate payment obligation on the Fund Preferred Shares or any variable rate Borrowings. The payment obligation would be based on the notional amount of the swap. We may use an interest rate cap, which would require us to pay a premium to the cap counterparty and would entitle us, to the extent that a specified variable rate index exceeds a predetermined fixed rate, to receive from the counterparty payment of the difference based on the notional amount. We would use interest rate swaps or caps only with the intent to reduce or eliminate the risk that an increase in short-term interest rates could have on the performance of the Fund’s Common Shares as a result of leverage.

The use of interest rate swaps and caps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. Depending on the state of interest rates in general, our use of interest rate swaps or caps could enhance or harm the overall performance on the Fund’s Common Shares. To the extent there is a decline in interest rates, the value of the interest rate swap or cap could decline, and could result in a decline in the net asset value of the Common Shares. In addition, if short-term interest rates are lower than our rate of payment on the interest rate swap, this will reduce the performance of the Fund’s Common Shares. If, on the other hand, short-term interest rates are higher than our rate of payment on the interest rate swap, this will enhance the performance of the Fund’s Common Shares. Buying interest rate caps could enhance the performance of the Fund’s Common Shares by providing a ceiling on leverage expenses. Buying interest rate caps could also decrease the net income of the Fund’s Common Shares in the event that the premium paid by the Fund to the counterparty exceeds the additional amount the Fund would have been required to pay had it not entered into the cap agreement. The Fund has no current intention of selling an interest rate swap or cap. We would not enter into interest rate swap or cap transactions in an aggregate notional amount that exceeds the outstanding amount of the Fund’s leverage.

Interest rate swaps and caps do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets or principal. Accordingly, the risk of loss with respect to interest rate swaps is limited to the net amount of interest payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to make. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund would not be able to use the anticipated net receipts under the swap or cap to offset the dividend payments on the Fund Preferred Shares or rate of interest on Borrowings. Depending on whether the Fund would be entitled to receive net payments from the counterparty on the swap or cap, which in turn would depend on the general state of short-term interest rates at that point in time, such default could negatively impact the performance of the Fund’s Common Shares. Although this will not guarantee that the counterparty does not default, the Fund will not enter into an interest rate swap or cap transaction with any counterparty that the Investment Manager believes does not have the financial resources to honor its obligation under the interest rate swap or cap transaction. Further, the Investment Manager will continually monitor the financial stability of a counterparty to an interest rate swap or cap transaction in an effort to proactively protect the Fund’s investments. In addition, at the time the interest rate swap or cap transaction reaches its scheduled termination date, there is a risk that the Fund will not be able to obtain a replacement transaction or that the terms of the replacement will not be as favorable as on the expiring transaction. If this occurs, it could have a negative impact on the performance of the Fund’s Common Shares. The Fund will usually enter into swaps or caps on a net basis; that is, the two payment streams will be netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or dates specified in the instrument, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments.

The Fund may choose or be required to redeem some or all of any outstanding Fund Preferred Shares or prepay any Borrowings. This redemption would likely result in the Fund seeking to terminate early all or a portion of any swap or cap transaction. Such early termination of a swap could result in termination payment by or to the Fund. An early termination of a cap could result in a termination payment to the Fund.

 

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INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

The investment objective and the general investment policies and investment techniques of the Fund are described in the Prospectus. The Fund has also adopted certain investment restrictions limiting the following activities except as specifically authorized:

The Fund may not:

1. Issue senior securities (including borrowing money for other than temporary purposes) except in conformity with the limits set forth in the 1940 Act or pursuant to exemptive relief therefrom; or pledge, mortgage or hypothecate its assets other than to secure such issuances or borrowings or in connection with permitted investment strategies; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund may borrow up to an additional 5% of its total assets for temporary purposes;

2. Act as an underwriter of securities issued by other persons, except insofar as the Fund may be deemed an underwriter in connection with the disposition of securities;

3. Purchase or sell real estate or mortgages on real estate, except that the Fund may invest in securities of companies that deal in real estate or are engaged in the real estate business, including REITs and securities secured by real estate or interests therein, and the Fund may hold and sell real estate or mortgages on real estate acquired through default, liquidation, or other distributions of an interest in real estate as a result of the Fund’s ownership of such securities;

4. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity futures contracts, except that the Fund may invest in financial futures contracts, forward contracts and options thereon, and currency options and such similar instruments;

5. Make loans to other persons except through the lending of securities held by it (but not to exceed a value of one-third of total assets), through the use of repurchase agreements, and by the purchase of debt securities;

6. Invest more than 25% of its managed assets in securities of issuers in any one industry; provided, however, that such limitation shall not apply to obligations issued or guaranteed by the United States Government or by its agencies or instrumentalities;

7. Acquire or retain securities of any investment company other than (a) in accordance with the limits permitted by Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, or any exemption granted under the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder, and (b) through the acquisition of securities of any investment company as part of a merger, consolidation or similar transaction; or

8. Purchase securities on margin, except short-term credits as are necessary for the purchase and sale of securities; provided that the purchase of investment assets with the proceeds of a permitted borrowing or securities offering, as well as margin deposits in connection with transactions in options, forward contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts, and short sales will not be deemed to be the purchase of securities on margin.

The investment restrictions numbered 1 through 6 in this SAI have been adopted as fundamental policies of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, a fundamental policy may not be changed without the approval of the holders of a “majority of the outstanding” Common Shares and any outstanding Fund Preferred Shares voting as a single class, and the holders of a “majority of the outstanding” Fund Preferred Shares, if any, voting as a separate class. When used with respect to particular shares of the Fund, a “majority of the outstanding” shares means (i) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the shares are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the shares, whichever is less. Investment restrictions numbered 7 and 8 above are non-fundamental and may be changed at any time by vote of a majority of the Board of Directors.

 

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Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to issue preferred stock unless immediately after the issuance the value of the Fund’s assets is at least 200% of the liquidation preference of the outstanding preferred stock (i.e., such liquidation preference may not exceed 50% of the Fund’s assets less liabilities other than borrowing). In addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the value of the Fund’s assets less liabilities other than borrowing is at least 200% of such liquidation preference. The Fund intends, to the extent possible, to purchase or redeem any outstanding Fund Preferred Shares from time to time to the extent necessary in order to maintain coverage of the Fund Preferred Shares of at least 200%. If the Fund has Fund Preferred Shares or any other shares of preferred stock outstanding, two of the Fund’s Directors will be elected by the holders of the Fund Preferred Shares and any other shares of preferred stock outstanding, voting separately as a class. The remaining Directors of the Fund will be elected by Common Shareholders and holders of the Fund Preferred Shares and any other shares of outstanding preferred stock, voting together as a single class. In the event the Fund failed to pay dividends on Fund Preferred Shares and any other shares of outstanding preferred stock for two years, holders of Fund Preferred Shares and any other shares of outstanding preferred stock, voting together as a single class, would be entitled to elect a majority of the Directors of the Fund.

Under the 1940 Act, the Fund generally is not permitted to borrow unless immediately after the borrowing the value of the Fund’s assets less liabilities other than the borrowing is at least 300% of the principal amount of such borrowing (i.e., such principal amount may not exceed 33 1/3% of the Fund’s assets). In addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the value of the Fund’s assets, less liabilities other than the borrowings, is at least 300% of such principal amount. If the Fund borrows, the Fund intends, to the extent possible, to prepay all or a portion of the principal amount of the borrowing to the extent necessary in order to maintain the required asset coverage. Failure to maintain certain asset coverage requirements could result in an event of default and entitle the debt holders to elect a majority of the board of directors.

MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND

The business and affairs of the Fund are managed under the direction of the Board of Directors. The Directors approve all significant agreements between the Fund and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including the Fund’s agreements with its Investment Manager and administrator, sub-advisors (“Subadvisors”), sub-administrator, custodian and transfer agent. The management of the Fund’s day-to-day operations is delegated to its officers and the Investment Manager and Subadvisors, subject always to the investment objective and policies of the Fund and to the general supervision of the Directors.

Basic information about the identity and experience of each Director and officer is set forth in the charts below. The Investment Manager is a wholly owned subsidiary of Cohen & Steers, Inc., a publicly traded company whose common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “CNS.”

The Directors of the Fund, their addresses, their ages, the length of time served, their principal occupations for at least the past five years, the number of portfolios they oversee within the Fund complex, and other directorships held by the Director are set forth below.

 

Name, Address(1) And Age

  

Position Held With the

Fund(2) Since and

Term(3)

  

Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years

(Including Other Directorships Held)

Interested Directors*

     

Robert H. Steers

Age: 54

   Director and Co-Chairman    Co-Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Investment Manager and CNS. Prior thereto, Chairman of the Investment Manager.

 

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Martin Cohen

Age: 58

   Director and Co-Chairman    Co-Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Investment Manager and CNS. Prior thereto, President of the Investment Manager.
Disinterested Directors      

Bonnie Cohen**

Age: 64

   Director    Private Consultant. Prior thereto, Undersecretary of State, United States Department of State. Director of Wellsford Real Properties, Inc.

George Grossman

Age: 53

   Director    Attorney-at-law.

Richard E. Kroon

Age: 64

   Director    Member of Investment Subcommittee, Monmouth University. Retired Chairman and Managing Partner of Sprout Group venture capital funds, then an affiliate of Donaldson, Lufkin and Jenrette Securities Corporation; and former chairman of the National Venture Capital Association.

Richard J. Norman

Age: 64

   Director    Private Investor. Executive of the Board of Directors of Maryland Public Television; Board Member, The Salvation Army. Prior thereto, Investment Representative of Morgan Stanley Dean Witter.

Frank K. Ross

Age: 63

   Director    Professor of Accounting, Howard University. Board member of Pepco Holdings, Inc. (electric utility). Formerly, Midatlantic Area Managing Partner for Audit and Risk Advisory Services at KPMG LLP and Managing Partner of its Washington, DC office.

Willard H. Smith Jr.***

Age: 70

   Director    Board member of Essex Property Trust, Inc., Realty Income Corporation and Crest Net Lease, Inc. Managing Director at Merrill Lynch & Co., Equity Capital Markets Division from 1983 to 1995.

C. Edward Ward, Jr.

Age: 61

   Director    Member of Board of Trustees of Manhattan College, Riverdale, New York. Formerly head of closed-end fund listings for the New York Stock Exchange.

* Messrs. Cohen and Steers are “interested persons” as defined in the 1940 Act because of their positions with the Investment Manager.
** Martin Cohen and Bonnie Cohen are unrelated.
*** Solely as a result of his ownership of securities of one of the underwriters, Mr. Smith is technically an “interested person” of the Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act), until after completion of this offering of the Common Shares. After completion of this offering, he will be a disinterested Director.
(1) The address for all Directors is 280 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10017.
(2) Each Director has served as a Director of the Fund since the Fund’s inception, and also serves as a Director of 21 other Cohen & Steers open- and closed-end registered investment companies (collectively, with the Fund, comprised of 22 investment portfolios, the “Cohen & Steers Funds”).
(3) Beginning with the first annual meeting of stockholders of the Fund held after the initial public offering of the shares of the Fund the Board shall be divided into three classes: Class I, Class II and Class III. At the first annual meeting, Directors of Class I shall be elected to the Board for a term expiring at the next succeeding annual meeting of stockholders, Directors of Class II shall be elected to the Board for a term expiring at the second succeeding annual meeting of stockholders and Directors of Class III shall be elected to the Board for a term expiring at the third succeeding annual meeting of stockholders. At each subsequent annual meeting of stockholders, the Directors chosen to succeed those whose terms are expiring shall be identified as being of the same class as the Directors whom they succeed and shall be elected for a term expiring at the time of the third succeeding annual meeting of stockholders subsequent to their election, or thereafter in each case when their respective successors are elected and qualified.

The officers of the Fund, their addresses, their ages, and their principal occupations for at least the past five years are set forth below.

 

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Name, Address and Age(1)

    

Position(s)

Held with Fund Since

and Term(2)

    

Principal Occupation During Past Five Years

Adam M. Derechin

Age: 42

     President and Chief Executive Officer      Chief Operating Officer of the Investment Manager since August 2003. Senior Vice President of the Investment Manager from 1998 to August 2003.

Robert S. Becker

Age: 38

     Vice President      Senior Vice President of the Investment Manager since 2003. Prior thereto, portfolio manager at Franklin Templeton Investments.

Douglas R. Bond

Age: 47

     Vice President      Executive Vice President of the Investment Manager since June 2004. Prior thereto, first vice president at Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. responsible for asset managers and funds.

James S. Corl

Age: 41

     Vice President      Senior Vice President of the Investment Manager since 2000.

Joseph M. Harvey

Age: 43

     Vice President      President of the Investment Manager since 2003 and prior to that, Senior Vice President and director of investment research.

Richard Helm

Age: 48

     Vice President      Senior Vice President of the Investment Manager since 2003. Prior thereto, senior portfolio manager of WM Advisors, Inc.

Yigal D. Jhirad

Age: 43

     Vice President      Senior Vice President since 2007. Prior thereto, executive director at Morgan Stanley and head of prime brokerage equity product marketing responsible for developing and marketing quantitative and derivatives products to hedge funds.

William F. Scapell

Age: 39

     Vice President      Senior Vice President of the Investment Manager since February 2003. Prior thereto, chief strategist for preferred securities at Merrill Lynch & Co.

James Giallanza

Age: 41

     Treasurer      Senior Vice President of the Investment Manager since September 2006. Prior thereto, Deputy Head of the US Funds Administration and Treasurer & CFO of various mutual funds within the Legg Mason (formally Citigroup Asset Management) fund complex from August 2004 to September 2006; Director/Controller of the US wholesale business at UBS Global Asset Management (U.S.) from September 2001 to July 2004.

John E. McLean

Age: 35

     Secretary      Vice President and Associate General Counsel of the Investment Manager since September 2003. Prior thereto, Vice President, Law & Regulation, J. & W. Seligman & So. Incorporated (money manager) and Associate, Battle Fowler LLP (law firm).

Salvatore Rappa

Age: 36

     Assistant Secretary      Senior Vice President and Associate General Counsel of the Investment Manager since 2004. Prior to that, from 1999 to 2004, Vice President and Senior Counsel, BlackRock, Inc. (money manager).

Lisa Phelan

Age: 39

     Chief Compliance Officer      Vice President of the Investment Manager since 2006. Prior thereto, Chief Compliance Officer of Avatar Associates and Overture Asset Managers from 2003 to 2004. Prior thereto, First Vice President, Risk Management, for Prudential Securities.

(1) The address of each officer is Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc., 280 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017.
(2) Each officer has been an officer of the Fund since the Fund’s inception and serves for an indefinite term, until his or her successor is elected and qualified. Each officer serves in the same capacity for all of the Cohen & Steers Funds.

 

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The following table provides information concerning the dollar range of the Fund’s equity securities owned by each Director and the aggregate dollar range of securities owned in the Cohen & Steers Funds.

 

    

Dollar Range of

Equity Securities in

the Fund as of

December 31, 2006

  

Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the

Cohen & Steers Funds as of

December 31, 2006

Bonnie Cohen

   None    over $100,000

Martin Cohen

   None    over $100,000

George Grossman

   None    over $100,000

Richard E. Kroon

   None    $50,000-$100,000

Richard J. Norman

   None    over $100,000

Frank K. Ross

   None    over $100,000

Willard H. Smith Jr.

   None    over $100,000

Robert H. Steers

   None    over $100,000

C. Edward Ward, Jr.

   None    $50,000-$100,000

Conflicts of Interest. No Director who is not an “interested person” of the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act (“Independent Directors”), and no immediate family members, owns any securities issued by the Investment

Manager or any person or entity (other than a Cohen & Steers Fund) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Investment Manager.

Board’s Role in Fund Governance

Committees. The Fund’s Board of Directors has four standing committees of the Board, the Audit Committee, the Nominating Committee, the Contract Review Committee and the Governance Committee, each of which is composed solely of Independent Directors. All of the Independent Directors are members of the Nominating and Contract Review Committees. The members of the Governance Committee are Messrs. Norman, Smith and Ward. The members of the Audit Committee are Ms. Cohen and Messrs. Grossman, Kroon and Ross.

The main function of the Audit Committee is to oversee the Fund’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and its internal controls, including by assisting with the Board’s oversight of the integrity of the Fund’s financial statements, the Fund’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, the selection, retention, qualifications and independence of the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, and the performance of the Fund’s internal control systems and independent registered public accounting firm.

The main functions of the Nominating Committee are to identify individuals qualified to become members of the Board of Directors in the event that a position is vacated or created, to select the Director nominees for the next annual meeting of stockholders and to set any necessary standards or qualifications for service on the Board of Directors. The Nominating Committee will consider nominees properly recommended by the Funds’ stockholders. Stockholders who wish to recommend a nominee should send nominations that include, among other things, biographical data and the qualifications of the proposed nominee to the Fund’s Secretary.

The main functions of the Contract Review Committee are to make recommendations to the Board of Directors after reviewing advisory and other contracts that the Fund has with the Investment Manager and to select third parties to provide evaluative reports and other information regarding the services provided by the Investment Manager to the Board.

The main function of the Governance Committee is to assist the Board in the oversight of appropriate and effective governance of the Fund. The Governance Committee will oversee, among other things, the structure and composition of the Board committees, the size of the Board and the compensation of independent directors for service on the Board and any Board committee.

COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS AND CERTAIN OFFICERS

The following table sets forth estimated information regarding compensation expected to be paid to Directors by the Fund for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2007. Officers of the Fund and Directors who are interested persons of the Fund do not receive any compensation from the Fund or any other Cohen & Steers Fund.

 

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Each of the other Directors is paid an annual retainer of $4,500 and a fee of $500 for each meeting attended and is reimbursed for the expenses of attendance at such meetings. In addition, the Cohen & Steers Funds pay the chair of the Governance Committee (Mr. Norman) and Contract Review Committee (Mr. Grossman) each an annual fee of $10,000, the Audit Committee chair (Mr. Ross) an annual fee of $15,000 and the lead Independent Director (Mr. Kroon) an annual fee of $50,000. In the column headed “Total Compensation from the Fund and the Cohen & Steers Funds,” the compensation paid to each Director represents the aggregate amount expected to be paid to the Director by the Fund and the 21 other Cohen & Steers Funds for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2007. The Directors do not receive any pension or retirement benefits from the Cohen & Steers Funds.

 

Name of Person, Position of Fund Directors

  

Aggregate

Compensation

from Fund

  

Total Compensation

from the Fund and the

Cohen & Steers Funds

Bonnie Cohen, Director

   $ 3,250    $ 138,125

Martin Cohen, Director and Co-Chairman*

     0      0

George Grossman, Director

   $ 3,363    $ 148,125

Richard E. Kroon, Director**

   $ 3,818    $ 188,125

Richard J. Norman, Director

   $ 3,363    $ 148,125

Frank K. Ross, Director

   $ 3,420    $ 153,125

Willard H. Smith Jr., Director

   $ 3,250    $ 138,125

Robert H. Steers, Director and Co-Chairman*

     0      0

C. Edward Ward, Jr., Director

   $ 3,250    $ 138,125

* “Interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, of the Fund because of affiliation with the Investment Manager.
** Lead Independent Director.

Principal Stockholders

As of the date of this SAI, no Director or officer owned any Common Shares. The Investment Manager owned of record and beneficially 5,250 shares of the Fund’s Common Shares, constituting 100% of the outstanding shares of the Fund, and thus, until the public offering of the shares is completed, will control the Fund.

INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES

The Investment Manager

Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc., with principal offices located at 280 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017, is the Investment Manager to the Fund. The Investment Manager, a registered investment adviser, was formed in 1986. Its current clients include pension plans of leading corporations, endowment funds and the Cohen & Steers Funds. Mr. Cohen and Mr. Steers are “controlling persons” of the Investment Manager on the basis of their beneficial ownership of the Investment Manager’s stock.

Pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement, the Investment Manager furnishes a continuous investment program for the Fund’s portfolio, makes the day-to-day investment decisions for the Fund, executes the purchase and sale orders for the portfolio transactions of the Fund and generally manages the Fund’s investments in accordance with the stated policies of the Fund, subject to the general supervision of the Board of Directors of the Fund.

Under the Investment Management Agreement, the Fund pays the Investment Manager a monthly management fee computed at the annual rate of 1.00% of the average daily managed assets of the Fund (i.e., the net asset value of the Common Shares plus the liquidation preference of any Fund Preferred Shares and the principal amount of any Borrowings used for leverage).

The Investment Manager also provides the Fund with such personnel as the Fund may from time to time request for the performance of clerical, accounting and other services, such as coordinating matters with the transfer agent and the custodian, which the Investment Manager is not required to furnish under the Investment Management Agreement. The personnel rendering these services, who may act as officers of the Fund, may be employees of the Investment Manager or its affiliates. The cost to the Fund of these services must be agreed to by the Fund.

 

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All of the officers of the Fund listed above are officers or employees of the Investment Manager. Their affiliations with the Fund and with the Investment Manager are provided under their principal business occupations.

The Subadvisors

The Investment Manager has entered into Subadvisory Agreements with three of its affiliated registered investment advisors, Cohen & Steers Europe S.A. (“CNS Europe”), Cohen & Steers Asia Limited (“CNS Asia”) and Cohen & Steers UK Limited (“CNS UK”), all of which also are direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of CNS. References in this SAI to activities and responsibilities of the Investment Manager may be performed by one or more of the Subadvisors pursuant to its Subadvisory Agreements with the Subadvisors.

Each of the Subadvisors provides investment advisory and research services to the Investment Manager in connection with managing the Fund’s investments. CNS Europe is located at 166 Chaussee de la Hulpe, 1170 Brussels, Belgium, CNS UK is located at 21 Sackville Street, 4th floor, London, U.K, and CNS Asia is located at 1202, Citibank Tower, Citibank Plaza, 3 Garden Road, Central, Hong Kong.

For their services under the Subadvisory Agreement between the Investment Manager and each Subadvisor, the Investment Manager (not the Fund) pays CNS Europe, CNS UK and CNS Asia a monthly fee at the annual rate of 5.00%, 5.00% and 10.00%, respectively, of the fee paid by the Fund to the Investment Manager pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement.

Portfolio Managers

Portfolio Managers. The Fund’s portfolio managers (each referred to as a “portfolio manager”) are listed below. Each portfolio manager manages other investment companies and/or investment vehicles and accounts in addition to the Fund. The following tables show, as of December 31, 2006, the number of accounts each portfolio manager managed in each of the listed categories and the total assets in the accounts managed within each category. The portfolio managers do not receive performance-based fees with respect to any of the registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles or other accounts that they manage.

 

Portfolio Manager

   Registered Investment
Companies ($)
  

Other Pooled Investment

Vehicles ($)

   Other Accounts ($)

Martin Cohen

   17 (18,915,350,000)    13 (2,800,044,000)    42 (4,543,650,000)

Robert H. Steers

   17 (18,915,350,000)    13 (2,800,044,000)    42 (4,543,650,000)

Joseph M. Harvey

   17 (18,915,350,000)    13 (2,800,044,000)    42 (4,543,650,000)

Robert S. Becker

   4 (4,369,199,000)    0 (0)    0 (0)

Douglas R. Bond

   1 (504,224,000)    0 (0)    0 (0)

James S. Corl

   17 (18,915,350,000)    13 (2,800,044,000)    42 (4,543,650,000)

Richard E. Helm

   2 (369,596,262)    1 (22,328,897)    1 (6,854,828)

Yigal D. Jhirad

   0 (0)    0 (0)    0 (0)

William F. Scapell

   9 (11,899,254,000)    3 (159,521,000)    11 (615,832,000)

The Fund is a newly organized investment company. Accordingly, as of the date of this SAI, none of the portfolio managers beneficially owns any securities issued by the Fund.

It is possible that conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the portfolio managers’ management of the Fund’s investments on the one hand and the investments of other accounts or vehicles for which the portfolio managers are responsible on the other. For example, a portfolio manager may have conflicts of interest in allocating management time, resources and investment opportunities among the Fund and the other accounts or vehicles he advises. In addition, due to differences in the investment strategies or restrictions among the Fund and the other accounts, a portfolio manager may take action with respect to another account that differs from the action taken with

 

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respect to the Fund. In some cases, another account managed by a portfolio manager may provide more revenue to the Investment Manager. While this may appear to create additional conflicts of interest for the portfolio manager in the allocation of management time, resources and investment opportunities, the Investment Manager strives to ensure that portfolio managers endeavor to exercise their discretion in a manner that is equitable to all interested persons. In this regard, in the absence of specific account-related impediments (such as client-imposed restrictions or lack of available cash), it is the policy of the Investment Manager to allocate investment ideas pro rata to all accounts with the same primary investment objective.

Investment Manager and Subadvisors Compensation Structure. Compensation of the Investment Manager’s and Subadvisors’ portfolio managers and other investment professionals has three primary components: (1) a base salary, (2) an annual cash bonus, and (3) annual stock-based compensation consisting generally of restricted stock units of the Investment Manager’s and Subadvisors’ parent, Cohen & Steers, Inc. The Investment Manager’s and Subadvisors’ investment professionals, including the portfolio managers, also receive certain retirement, insurance and other benefits that are broadly available to all of its employees. Compensation of the Investment Manager’s and Subadvisors’ investment professionals is reviewed primarily on an annual basis. Cash bonuses, stock-based compensation awards, and adjustments in base salary are typically paid or put into effect at or around the December 31st fiscal year-end of CNS.

Method to Determine Compensation. The Investment Manager and Subadvisors compensate their portfolio managers based primarily on the scale and complexity of their portfolio responsibilities and the total return performance of managed funds and accounts versus appropriate peer groups or benchmarks. The Investment Manager and Subadvisors use a variety of benchmarks to evaluate the portfolio managers’ performance (depending on which Select Strategy the portfolio manager manages), including the Russell 1000 Value Index, the S&P 500/Barra Value Index, the NAREIT Equity REIT Index, the Merrill Lynch Fixed Rate Preferred Index, the S&P 1500 Utilities Index, the S&P 500 Index and the Lehman Aggregate Bond Index. In evaluating the performance of a fund and its portfolio manager, primary emphasis is normally placed on one- and three-year performance, with secondary consideration of performance over longer periods of time. Performance is evaluated on a pre-tax and pre-expense basis. In addition to rankings within peer groups of funds on the basis of absolute performance, consideration may also be given to risk-adjusted performance. For managers responsible for multiple funds and accounts, investment performance is evaluated on an aggregate basis. The Investment Manager and the Subadvisors do not have any funds or accounts with performance-based advisory fees. Portfolio managers are also evaluated on the basis of their success in managing their dedicated team of analysts. Base compensation for portfolio managers varies in line with on the portfolio manager’ seniority and position with the firm.

The compensation of portfolio managers with other job responsibilities (such as acting as an executive officer of the Investment Manager, a Subadvisor or CNS and supervising various departments within the Investment Manager, a Subadvisor or CNS) will include consideration of the scope of such responsibilities and the managers’ performance in meeting them. The Investment Manager and Subadvisors seek to compensate portfolio managers commensurate with their responsibilities and performance, and competitive with other firms within the investment management industry. The Investment Manager participates in investment-industry compensation surveys and utilizes survey data as a factor in determining salary, bonus and stock-based compensation levels for portfolio managers and other investment professionals. Salaries, bonuses and stock-based compensation are also influenced by the operating performance of the Investment Manager, Subadvisors and CNS. While the salary of each portfolio manager is fixed, cash bonuses and stock-based compensation may fluctuate significantly from year to year, based on changes in manager performance and other factors as described herein. For a high performing portfolio manager, cash bonuses and stock-based compensation generally are a substantial portion of total compensation.

In addition, certain of the portfolio managers may from time to time manage one or more accounts on behalf of the Investment Manager and its affiliated companies (the “CNS Accounts”). Certain securities held and traded in the CNS Accounts also may be held and traded in one or more client accounts. It is the policy of the Investment Manager however not to put the interests of the CNS Accounts ahead of the interests of client accounts. The Investment Manager may aggregate orders of client accounts with those of the CNS Accounts; however, under no circumstances will preferential treatment be given to the CNS Accounts. For all orders involving the CNS Accounts, purchases or sales will be allocated prior to trade placement, and orders that are only partially filled will be allocated across all accounts in proportion to the shares each account, including the CNS Accounts, was

 

29


designated to receive prior to trading. As a result, it is expected that the CNS Accounts will receive the same average price as other accounts included in the aggregated order. Shares will not be allocated or re-allocated to the CNS Accounts after trade execution or after the average price is known. In the event so few shares of an order are executed that a pro-rata allocation is not practical, a rotational system of allocation may be used; however, the CNS Accounts will never be part of that rotation or receive shares of a partially filled order other than on a pro-rata basis. Because certain CNS Accounts are managed with a cash management objective, it is possible that a security will be sold out of the CNS Accounts but continue to be held for one or more client accounts. In situations when this occurs, such security will remain in a client account only if the Investment Manager, acting in its reasonable judgment and consistent with its fiduciary duties, believes this is appropriate for, and consistent with the objectives and profile of, the client account.

Administrative Services

Pursuant to an Administration Agreement, the Investment Manager also performs certain administrative and accounting functions for the Fund, including (i) providing office space, telephone, office equipment and supplies for the Fund; (ii) paying compensation of the Fund’s officers for services rendered as such; (iii) authorizing expenditures and approving bills for payment on behalf of the Fund; (iv) supervising preparation of the periodic updating of the Fund’s registration statement, including Prospectus and SAI, for the purpose of filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities administrators and monitoring and maintaining the effectiveness of such filings, as appropriate; (v) supervising preparation of periodic reports to the Fund’s stockholders and filing of these reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Forms N-CSR, N-Q, N-SAR and N-PX filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, notices of dividends, capital gains distributions and tax credits, and attending to routine correspondence and other communications with individual stockholders; (vi) supervising the daily pricing of the Fund’s investment portfolio and the publication of the net asset value of the Fund’s shares, earnings reports and other financial data; (vii) monitoring relationships with organizations providing services to the Fund, including the custodian, transfer agent and printers; (viii) providing trading desk facilities for the Fund; (ix) supervising compliance by the Fund with record-keeping requirements under the 1940 Act and regulations thereunder, maintaining books and records for the Fund (other than those maintained by the custodian and transfer agent) and preparing and filing of tax reports other than the Fund’s income tax returns; and (x) providing executive, clerical and secretarial help needed to carry out these responsibilities. Under the Administration Agreement, the Fund pays the Investment Manager an amount equal to, on an annual basis, 0.08% of the Fund’s average daily managed assets.

In accordance with the terms of the Administration Agreement and with the approval of the Fund’s Board of Directors, the Investment Manager has caused the Fund to retain State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street Bank”) as sub-administrator under a fund accounting and administration agreement (the “Sub-Administration Agreement”). Under the Sub-Administration Agreement, State Street Bank has assumed responsibility for performing certain of the foregoing administrative functions, including (i) determining the Fund’s net asset value and preparing these figures for publication; (ii) maintaining certain of the Fund’s books and records that are not maintained by the Investment Manager, custodian or transfer agent; (iii) preparing financial information for the Fund’s income tax returns, proxy statements, stockholders reports, and Securities and Exchange Commission filings; and (iv) responding to stockholder inquiries.

The Investment Manager remains responsible for monitoring and overseeing the performance by State Street Bank and The Bank of New York, as custodian and transfer agent, disbursing agent and registrar, respectively, of their obligations to the Fund under their respective agreements with the Fund, subject to the overall authority of the Fund’s Board of Directors.

Custodian and Transfer and Dividend Disbursing Agent

State Street Bank, which has its principal business office at One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 21111, has been retained to act as custodian of the Fund’s investments. The Bank of New York, which has its principal business office at 101 Barclay Street, Floor 11 East, New York, New York 10286, has been retained as the Fund’s transfer agent, dividend disbursing agent and registrar. Neither State Street Bank nor The Bank of New York has any part in deciding the Fund’s investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold for the Fund’s portfolio.

 

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Code of Ethics

The Fund, the Investment Manager and the Subadvisors have adopted a code of ethics under Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. The code of ethics of the Fund, the Investment Manager and the Subadvisors, among other things, prohibits management personnel from investing in REITs and real estate securities, preferred securities and initial public offerings and requires pre-approval for investments in Cohen & Steers closed-end funds and private placements. In addition, the Fund’s Independent Directors are prohibited from purchasing or selling any security if they knew or reasonably should have known at the time of the transaction that the security is being considered for purchase or sale by the Fund, or is being purchased or sold by the Fund. The code of ethics can be reviewed and copied at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. (information on the Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling the Securities and Exchange Commission at 1-202-551-5850), is available on the EDGAR Database on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s web site at http:\\www.sec.gov, and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at publicinfo@sec.gov or writing the Securities and Exchange Commission at Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549.

Proxy Voting

The Fund’s Board of Directors has delegated the responsibility for voting proxies on behalf of the Fund to the Investment Manager. The following is a summary of the proxy voting policies and procedures for the Investment Manager.

Voting rights are an important component of corporate governance. The Investment Manager has three overall objectives in exercising voting rights:

A. Responsibility. The Investment Manager shall seek to ensure that there is an effective means in place to hold companies accountable for their actions. While management must be accountable to its board, the board must be accountable to a company’s stockholders. Although accountability can be promoted in a variety of ways, protecting stockholder voting rights may be among our most important tools.

B. Rationalizing Management and Stockholder Concerns. The Investment Manager seeks to ensure that the interests of a company’s management and board are aligned with those of the company’s stockholders. In this respect, compensation must be structured to reward the creation of stockholder value.

C. Stockholder Communication. Since companies are owned by their stockholders, the Investment Manager seeks to ensure that management effectively communicates with its owners about the company’s business operations and financial performance. It is only with effective communication that stockholders will be able to assess the performance of management and to make informed decisions on when to buy, sell or hold a company’s securities.

In exercising voting rights, the Investment Manager shall conduct itself in accordance with the general principles set forth below.

1. The ability to exercise a voting right with respect to a security is a valuable right and, therefore, must be viewed as part of the asset itself.

2. In exercising voting rights, the Investment Manager shall engage in a careful evaluation of issues that may materially affect the rights of stockholders and the value of the security.

3. Consistent with general fiduciary principles, the exercise of voting rights shall always be conducted with reasonable care, prudence and diligence.

 

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4. In exercising voting rights on behalf of clients, the Investment Manager conducts itself in the same manner as if it were the constructive owner of the securities.

5. To the extent reasonably possible, the Investment Manager participates in each stockholder voting opportunity.

6. Voting rights shall not automatically be exercised in favor of management-supported proposals.

7. The Investment Manager, and its officers and employees, shall never accept any item of value in consideration of a favorable proxy voting decision.

Set forth below are general guidelines that the Investment Manager shall follow in exercising proxy voting rights:

Prudence. In making a proxy voting decision, the Investment Manager shall give appropriate consideration to all relevant facts and circumstances, including the value of the securities to be voted and the likely effect any vote may have on that value. Since voting rights must be exercised on the basis of an informed judgment, investigation shall be a critical initial step.

Third Party Views. While the Investment Manager may consider the views of third parties, it shall never base a proxy voting decision solely on the opinion of a third party. Rather, decisions shall be based on a reasonable and good faith determination as to how best to maximize stockholder value.

Stockholder Value. Just as the decision whether to purchase or sell a security is a matter of judgment, determining whether a specific proxy resolution will increase the market value of a security is a matter of judgment as to which informed parties may differ. In determining how a proxy vote may affect the economic value of a security, The Investment Manager shall consider both short-term and long-term views about a company’s business and prospects, especially in light of our projected holding period on the stock (e.g., the Investment Manager may discount long-term views on a short-term holding).

Set forth below are guidelines as to how specific proxy voting issues shall be analyzed and assessed. While these guidelines will provide a framework for our decision making process, the mechanical application of these guidelines can never address all proxy voting decisions. When new issues arise or old issues present nuances not encountered before, the Investment Manager must be guided by its reasonable judgment to vote in a manner that the Investment Manager deems to be in the best interests of the Fund and its stockholders.

Stock-Based Compensation

Approval of Plans or Plan Amendments. By their nature, compensation plans must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. As a general matter, the Investment Manager always favors compensation plans that align the interests of management and stockholders. The Investment Manager generally approves compensation plans under the following conditions:

10% Rule. The dilution effect of the newly authorized shares, plus the shares reserved for issuance in connection with all other stock related plans, generally should not exceed 10%.

Exercise Price. The minimum exercise price of stock options should be at least equal to the market price of the stock on the date of grant.

Plan Amendments. Compensation plans should not be materially amended without stockholder approval.

 

32


Non-Employee Directors. Awards to non-employee directors should not be subject to management discretion, but rather should be made under non-discretionary grants specified by the terms of the plan.

Repricing/Replacement of Underwater Options. Stock options generally should not be re-priced, and never should be re-priced without stockholder approval. In addition, companies should not issue new options, with a lower strike price, to make up for previously issued options that are substantially underwater. The Investment Manager will vote against the election of any slate of directors that, to its knowledge, has authorized a company to re-price or replace underwater options during the most recent year without stockholder approval.

Reload/Evergreen Features. The Investment Manager will generally vote against plans that enable the issuance of reload options and that provide an automatic share replenishment (“evergreen”) feature.

Measures to Increase Executive Long-Term Stock Ownership. The Investment Manager supports measures to increase the long-term stock ownership by a company’s executives. These include requiring senior executives to hold a minimum amount of stock in a company (often expressed as a percentage of annual compensation), requiring stock acquired through option exercise to be held for a certain minimum amount of time, and issuing restricted stock awards instead of options. In this respect, we support the expensing of option grants because it removes the incentive of a company to issue options in lieu of restricted stock. The Investment Manager also supports employee stock purchase plans, although the Investment Manager generally believes the discounted purchase price should be at least 85% of the current market price.

Vesting. Restricted stock awards normally should vest over at least a two-year period.

Other Stock Awards. Stock awards other than stock options and restricted stock awards should be granted in lieu of salary or a cash bonus, and the number of shares awarded should be reasonable.

Change of Control Issues

While the Investment Manager recognizes that a takeover attempt can be a significant distraction for the board and management to deal with, the simple fact is that the possibility of a corporate takeover keeps management focused on maximizing stockholder value. As a result, the Investment Manager opposes measures that are designed to prevent or obstruct corporate takeovers because they can entrench current management. The following are the Investment Manager’s guidelines on change of control issues:

Stockholder Rights Plans. The Investment Manager acknowledges that there are arguments for and against stockholder rights plans, also known as “poison pills.” Companies should put their case for rights plans to stockholders. The Investment Manager generally votes against any directors who, without stockholder approval, to our knowledge have instituted a new poison pill plan, extended an existing plan, or adopted a new plan upon the expiration of an existing plan during the past year.

Golden Parachutes. The Investment Manager opposes the use of accelerated employment contracts that result in cash grants of greater than three times annual compensation (salary and bonus) in the event of termination of employment following a change in control of a company. In general, the guidelines call for voting against “golden parachute” plans because they impede potential takeovers that stockholders should be free to consider. The Investment Manager generally withholds votes at the next stockholder meeting for directors who to its knowledge approved golden parachutes.

Approval of Mergers. The Investment Manager votes against proposals that require a super-majority of stockholders to approve a merger or other significant business combination. The Investment Manager supports proposals that seek to lower super-majority voting requirements.

 

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Routine Issues

Director Nominees in a Non-Contested Election. The Investment Manager generally votes in favor of management proposals on director nominees.

Director Nominees in a Contested Election. By definition, this type of board candidate or slate runs for the purpose of seeking a significant change in corporate policy or control. Therefore, the economic impact of the vote in favor of or in opposition to that director or slate must be analyzed using a higher standard normally applied to changes in control. Criteria for evaluating director nominees as a group or individually should include: performance; compensation, corporate governance provisions and takeover activity; criminal activity; attendance at meetings; investment in the company; interlocking directorships; inside, outside and independent directors; whether the chairman and CEO titles are held by the same person; number of other board seats; and other experience. It is impossible to have a general policy regarding director nominees in a contested election.

Board Composition. The Investment Manager supports the election of a board that consists of at least a majority of independent directors. The Investment Manager generally withholds support for non-independent directors who serve on a company’s audit, compensation and/or nominating committees. The Investment Manager also generally withholds support for director candidates who have not attended a sufficient number of board or committee meetings to effectively discharge their duties as directors.

Classified Boards. Because a classified board structure prevents stockholders from electing a full slate of directors at annual meetings, the Investment Manager generally votes against classified boards. The Investment Manager votes in favor of stockholder proposals to declassify a board of directors unless a company’s charter or governing corporate law allows stockholders, by written consent, to remove a majority of directors at any time, with or without cause.

Barriers to Stockholder Action. The Investment Manager votes to support proposals that lower the barriers to stockholder action. This includes the right of stockholders to call a meeting and the right of stockholders to act by written consent.

Cumulative Voting. Having the ability to cumulate votes for the election of directors—that is, cast more than one vote for a director about whom they feel strongly—generally increases stockholders’ rights to effect change in the management of a corporation. The Investment Manager therefore generally supports proposals to adopt cumulative voting.

Ratification of Registered Public Accounting Firms. Votes generally are cast in favor of proposals to ratify an independent auditor, unless there is a reason to believe the auditing firm is no longer performing its required duties or there are exigent circumstances requiring us to vote against the approval of the recommended auditor. For example, the Investment Manager’s general policy is to vote against an independent auditor that receives more than 50% of its total fees from a company for non-audit services.

Stock Related Items

Increase Additional Common Stock. The Investment Manager’s guidelines generally call for approval of increases in authorized shares, provided that the increase is not greater than three times the number of shares outstanding and reserved for issuance (including shares reserved for stock-related plans and securities convertible into common stock, but not shares reserved for any poison pill plan).

Votes generally are cast in favor of proposals to authorize additional shares of stock except where the proposal:

1.    creates a blank check preferred stock; or

2.    establishes classes of stock with superior voting rights.

 

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Blank Check Preferred Stock. Votes generally are cast in opposition to management proposals authorizing the creation of new classes of preferred stock with unspecific voting, conversion, distribution and other rights, and management proposals to increase the number of authorized blank check preferred shares. The Investment Manager may vote in favor of this type of proposal when it receives assurances to its reasonable satisfaction that (i) the preferred stock was authorized by the board for the use of legitimate capital formation purposes and not for anti-takeover purposes, and (ii) no preferred stock will be issued with voting power that is disproportionate to the economic interests of the preferred stock. These representations should be made either in the proxy statement or in a separate letter from the company to the Investment Manager.

Preemptive Rights. Votes are cast in favor of stockholder proposals restoring limited preemptive rights.

Dual Class Capitalizations. Because classes of common stock with unequal voting rights limit the rights of certain stockholders, the Investment Manager votes against adoption of a dual or multiple class capitalization structure.

Social Issues

The Investment Manager believes that it is the responsibility of the board and management to run a company on a daily basis. With this in mind, in the absence of unusual circumstances, the Investment Manager does not believe that stockholders should be involved in determining how a company should address broad social and policy issues. As a result, the Investment Manager generally votes against these types of proposals, which are generally initiated by stockholders, unless the Investment Manager believes the proposal has significant economic implications.

Other Situations

No set of guidelines can anticipate all situations that may arise. The Investment Manager’s portfolio managers and analysts will be expected to analyze proxy proposals in an effort to gauge the impact of a proposal on the financial prospects of a company, and vote accordingly. These policies are intended to provide guidelines for voting. They are not, however, hard and fast rules because corporate governance issues are so varied.

Proxy Voting Procedures

The Investment Manager maintains a record of all voting decisions for the period required by applicable laws. In each case in which the Investment Manager votes contrary to the stated policies set forth in these guidelines, the record shall indicate the reason for such a vote.

Recordkeeping

The Designee shall be responsible for recording and maintaining the following information with respect to each proxy voted by the Investment Manager:

Name of the company

Ticker symbol

CUSIP number

Stockholder meeting date

Brief identification of each matter voted upon

 

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Whether the matter was proposed by management or a stockholder

Whether the Investment Manager voted on the matter

If the Investment Manager voted, then how the Investment Manager voted

Whether the Investment Manager voted with or against management

Conflicts of Interest

There may be situations in which the Investment Manager may face a conflict between its interests and those of its clients or fund stockholders. If the conflict is deemed material, the Investment Manager shall vote in accordance with the advice of a proxy voting service.

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

Subject to the supervision of the Directors, decisions to buy and sell securities for the Fund and negotiation of its brokerage commission rates are made by the Investment Manager. There is generally no stated commission in the case of securities traded in the over-the-counter market, but the price paid by the Fund usually includes an undisclosed dealer commission or markup. In certain instances, the Fund may make purchases of underwritten issues at prices which include underwriting fees.

In selecting a broker to execute each particular transaction, the Investment Manager will take the following into consideration: the best net price available; the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker; the size and difficulty in executing the order; and the value of the expected contribution of the broker to the investment performance of the Fund on a continuing basis. Accordingly, the cost of the brokerage commissions to the Fund in any transaction may be greater than that available from other brokers if the difference is reasonably justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered. Subject to such policies and procedures as the Directors may determine, the Investment Manager shall not be deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached any duty solely by reason of its having caused the Fund to pay a broker that provides research services to the Investment Manager an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio investment transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker would have charged for effecting that transaction, if the Investment Manager determines in good faith that such amount of commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the research service provided by such broker viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the Investment Manager’s ongoing responsibilities with respect to the Fund. Research and investment information is provided by these and other brokers at no cost to the Investment Manager and is available for the benefit of other accounts advised by the Investment Manager and their respective affiliates, and not all of the information will be used in connection with the Fund. This information may be useful in varying degrees and may tend to reduce the Investment Manager’s expenses. The extent to which the Investment Manager makes use of statistical, research and other services furnished by brokers is considered by the Investment Manager in the allocation of brokerage business, but there is no formula by which such business is allocated. The Investment Manager does so in accordance with its judgment of the best interests of the Fund and its stockholders.

DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

The Fund will determine the net asset value of its shares daily, as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (currently 4:00 p.m. New York time). Net asset value of our Common Shares is computed by dividing the value of all assets of the Fund (including accrued interest and dividends), less all liabilities (including accrued expenses and dividends declared but unpaid), by the total number of shares outstanding. Any swap transaction that the Fund enters into may, depending on the applicable interest rate environment, have a positive or negative value for purposes of calculating net asset value. Any cap transaction that the Fund enters into may, depending on the applicable interest rate environment, have no value or a positive value. In addition, accrued payments to the Fund under such transactions will be assets of the Fund, and accrued payments by the Fund will be liabilities of the Fund.

For purposes of determining the Fund’s net asset value, Fund shares and other securities will be valued at

 

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the last sale price for such securities on the securities exchange or market on which they are principally traded on the business day as of which such value is being determined. If there has been no sale on such day, the securities are valued at the mean of the closing bid and asked prices on such day. If no bid or asked prices are quoted on such day, then securities are valued by such method as the Board of Directors shall determine in good faith to reflect its fair market value. Readily marketable securities not listed on the New York Stock Exchange but listed on other domestic or foreign securities exchanges or admitted to trading on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations, Inc. (“NASDAQ”) National List are valued in a like manner (NASDAQ traded securities are valued at the NASDAQ official closing price). Securities traded on more than one exchange are valued at the last sale price on the business day as of which such value is being determined as reflected on the tape at the close of the exchange representing the principal market for such securities.

Readily marketable securities traded in the over-the-counter market, including listed securities whose primary market is believed by the Investment Manager to be over-the-counter, but excluding securities admitted to trading on the NASDAQ National List, are valued at the mean of the current bid and asked prices as reported by NASDAQ or, in the case of securities not quoted by NASDAQ, the National Quotation Bureau or such other comparable source as the Directors deem appropriate to reflect their fair market value. However, certain fixed-income securities may be valued on the basis of prices provided by a pricing service when such prices are believed by the Board of Directors to reflect the fair market value of such securities. The prices provided by a pricing service take into account institutional size trading in similar groups of securities and any developments related to specific securities. Where securities are traded on more than one exchange and also over-the-counter, the securities will generally be valued using the quotations the Board of Directors believes reflect most closely the value of such securities.

If market quotations or official closing prices are not readily available or do not accurately reflect fair value for a security or if the value of a security has been materially affected by events occurring after the close of the exchange or market on which the security is principally traded, the security will be valued by another method that the Board of Directors believes accurately reflects fair value in accordance with the Fund’s pricing policies. Other assets are valued at fair value by or pursuant to guidelines approved by the Board of Directors.

REPURCHASE OF SHARES

The Fund is a closed-end investment company and as such its stockholders will not have the right to cause the Fund to redeem their shares. Instead the Fund’s shares will trade in the open market at a price that will be a function of several factors, including dividend levels (which are in turn affected by expenses), net asset value, call protection, price, dividend stability, relative demand for and supply of such shares in the market, market and economic conditions and other factors. Because shares of a closed-end investment company may frequently trade at prices lower than net asset value, the Fund’s Board of Directors may consider action that might be taken to reduce or eliminate any material discount from net asset value in respect of shares, which may include the repurchase of such shares in the open market, private transactions, the making of a tender offer for such shares at net asset value, or the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company. The Board of Directors may not decide to take any of these actions. During the pendency of a tender offer, the Fund will publish how Common Stockholders may readily ascertain the net asset value. In addition, there can be no assurance that share repurchases or tender offers, if undertaken, will reduce market discount.

Subject to its investment limitations, the Fund may use the accumulation of cash to finance repurchase of shares or to make a tender offer. Interest on any borrowings to finance share repurchase transactions or the accumulation of cash by the Fund in anticipation of share repurchases or tenders will reduce the Fund’s income. Any share repurchase, tender offer or borrowing that might be approved by the Board of Directors would have to comply with the 1934 Act and the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations under each of those Acts.

Although the decision to take action in response to a discount from net asset value will be made by the Board of Directors at the time it considers the issue, it is the Board’s present policy, which may be changed by the Board, not to authorize repurchases of Common Shares or a tender offer for such shares if (1) such transactions, if consummated, would (a) result in delisting of the common shares from the New York Stock Exchange, or (b) impair the Fund’s status as a regulated investment company under the Code (which would make the Fund a taxable entity,

 

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causing its income to be taxed at the corporate level in addition to the taxation of stockholders who receive dividends from the Fund) or as a registered closed-end investment company under the 1940 Act; (2) the Fund would not be able to liquidate portfolio securities in an orderly manner and consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies in order to repurchase shares; or (3) there is, in the Board’s judgment, any (a) material legal action or proceeding instituted or threatened challenging such transactions or otherwise materially adversely affecting the Fund, (b) general suspension of or limitation on prices for trading securities on the New York Stock Exchange, (c) declaration of a banking moratorium by Federal or state authorities or a suspension of payment by U.S. banks in which the Fund invests, (d) material limitation affecting the Fund or the issuers of its portfolio securities by Federal or state authorities on the extension of credit by institutions or on the exchange of foreign currency, (e) commencement of armed hostilities or other international or national calamity directly or indirectly involving the United States, or (f) other event or condition which would have a material adverse effect (including any adverse tax effect) on the Fund or its stockholders if shares were repurchased. The Board may in the future modify these conditions in light of experience. Currently, the Fund’s Board has not considered whether the occupation of Iraq would prevent the repurchases of Common Shares or a tender offer for such shares.

The repurchase by the Fund of its shares at prices below net asset value will result in an increase in the net asset value of those shares that remain outstanding. However, there can be no assurance that share repurchases or tenders at or below net asset value will result in the Fund’s shares trading at a price equal to their net asset value. Nevertheless, the fact that the shares may be the subject of repurchase or tender offers at net asset value from time to time, or that the Fund may be converted to an open-end investment company, may reduce any spread between market price and net asset value that might otherwise exist.

Before deciding whether to take any action, the Fund’s Board of Directors would likely consider all relevant factors, including the extent and duration of the discount, the liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio, the impact of any action on the Fund or its stockholders and market considerations. Based on the considerations, even if the Fund’s shares should trade at a discount, the Board may determine that, in the interest of the Fund and its stockholders, no action should be taken.

TAXATION

Set forth below is a discussion of certain U.S. Federal income tax issues concerning the Fund and the purchase, ownership and disposition of Fund shares. This discussion does not purport to be complete or to deal with all aspects of Federal income taxation that may be relevant to stockholders in light of their particular circumstances. This discussion is based upon present provisions of the Code, the regulations promulgated thereunder, and judicial and administrative ruling authorities, all of which are subject to change, which change may be retroactive. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisers with regard to the Federal tax consequences of the purchase, ownership, or disposition of Fund shares, as well as the tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, foreign country, or other taxing jurisdiction.

Taxation of the Fund

The Fund intends to elect to be treated as, and to qualify annually as, a regulated investment company under the Code. To qualify for the favorable U.S. Federal income tax treatment generally accorded to regulated investment companies, the Fund must, among other things, (a) derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies; (b) diversify its holdings so that, at end of each quarter of the taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets is represented by cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities, with such other securities of any one issuer limited for purposes of this calculation to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. Government securities or the securities of other regulated investment companies) of a single issuer, or two or more issuers which the Fund controls and are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses; and (c) distribute at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code, but without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) and net tax-exempt interest each taxable year.

 

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For taxable years of a regulated investment company beginning after October 22, 2004, net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership,” as defined in the Code, will be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described above. In addition, for purposes of the diversification requirements described above, the outstanding voting securities of any issuer include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership, and no more than 25% of the value of a regulated investment company’s total assets may be invested in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. The separate treatment for publicly traded partnerships under the passive activity rules of the Code applies to a regulated investment company holding an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership, with respect to items attributable to such interest.

As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. Federal income tax on its investment company taxable income and net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), if any, that it distributes to stockholders. The Fund intends to distribute to its stockholders, at least annually, all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain. Amounts not distributed on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar year distribution requirement (described above) are subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax. To prevent imposition of the excise tax, the Fund must distribute during each calendar year an amount equal to the sum of (1) at least 98% of its ordinary income (not taking into account any capital gains or losses) for the calendar year, (2) at least 98% of its capital gains in excess of its capital losses (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for the one-year period ending on October 31 of the calendar year (unless an election is made to use the Fund’s fiscal year), and (3) any ordinary income and capital gains from previous years that were not distributed during those years and on which the Fund paid no U.S. Federal income tax. A distribution will be treated as paid on December 31 of the current calendar year if it is declared by the Fund in October, November or December with a record date in such a month and paid by the Fund during January of the following calendar year. To prevent application of the excise tax, the Fund intends to make its distributions in accordance with the calendar year distribution requirement.

If the Fund failed to qualify as a regulated investment company or failed to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement in any taxable year, the Fund would be taxed as an ordinary corporation on its taxable income (even if such income were distributed to its stockholders) and all distributions out of earnings and profits (including distributions of net capital gain) would be taxed to stockholders as ordinary income. Such distributions generally would be eligible (i) to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of individual stockholders and (ii) for the dividends received deduction (“DRD”) in the case of corporate stockholders.

Distributions

Dividends paid out of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, except in the case of qualified dividend income and capital gain dividends described below, be taxable to a U.S. stockholder as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits. If a portion of the Fund’s income consists of qualifying dividends paid by U.S. corporations (other than REITs), a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund to corporate stockholders, if properly designated, may qualify for the DRD. In addition, for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, distributions of investment company taxable income designated by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met by both the Fund and the stockholder. However, even if income received in the form of ordinary income dividends is taxed at the same rates as long-term capital gains, such income will not be considered long-term capital gains for other Federal income tax purposes. A dividend paid by the Fund to a stockholder will not be treated as qualified dividend income of the stockholder (1) if the dividend is received with respect to any share held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend, (2) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property or (3) if the recipient elects to have the dividend treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest. There can be no assurance of what portion, if any, of the Fund’s distributions will be entitled to the lower tax rates that apply to qualified dividend income.

The Fund may either retain or distribute to stockholders its net capital gain for each taxable year. The Fund

 

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currently intends to distribute any such amounts. If net capital gain is distributed and designated as a capital gain dividend, it generally will be taxable to individual stockholders at long-term capital gains rates regardless of the length of time the stockholders have held their shares. Conversely, if the Fund elects to retain its net capital gain, the Fund will be taxed thereon (except to the extent of any available capital loss carryovers) at the applicable corporate tax rate. In such event, it is expected that the Fund also will elect to treat such gain as having been distributed to stockholders. As a result, each stockholder will be required to report his or her pro rata share of such gain on his or her tax return as long-term capital gain, will be entitled to claim a tax credit for his or her pro rata share of tax paid by the Fund on the gain, and will increase the tax basis for his or her shares by an amount equal to the deemed distribution less the tax credit. Distributions declared by the Fund in October, November or December with a record date in such a month and paid by the Fund during January of the following calendar year will be taxable to stockholders in the calendar year in which the distributions are declared, rather than the calendar year in which the distributions are received. Stockholders will be notified annually as to the U.S. Federal tax status of distributions.

Long-term capital gain rates for individuals have been temporarily reduced to 15% (with lower rates for individuals in the 10% and 15% rate brackets) for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010.

Distributions will be treated in the manner described above regardless of whether such distributions are paid in cash or invested in additional shares of the Fund.

Distributions by the Fund in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of (and in reduction of) the stockholder’s tax basis in his or her shares; any such return of capital distributions in excess of the stockholder’s tax basis will be treated as gain from the sale of his or her shares, as discussed below.

If the NAV at the time a stockholder purchases shares of the Fund reflects undistributed income or gain, distributions of such amounts will be taxable to the stockholder in the manner described above, even though such distributions economically constitute a return of capital to the stockholder.

Although the Fund may realize tax-exempt income on certain investments, it will generally be unable to pass through to its stockholders the tax-exempt nature of that income.

Sale or Exchange of Fund Shares

A stockholder generally will recognize gain or loss on the sale or exchange of shares of the Fund in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received on the sale and the stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares. In general, any such gain or loss will be considered capital gain or loss if the shares are held as capital assets, and gain or loss will be long-term or short-term, depending upon the stockholder’s holding period for the shares. Generally, a stockholder’s gain or loss will be a long-term gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year. However, any capital loss arising from the sale of shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividends received by the stockholder (or amounts credited to the stockholder as undistributed capital gains) with respect to such shares. Also, any loss realized on a sale or exchange of shares will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced with other substantially identical shares within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the shares are disposed of. In such case, the tax basis of the acquired shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. The ability to otherwise deduct capital losses may be subject to other limitations imposed by the Code.

Nature of Fund’s Investments

Certain of the Fund’s investment practices are subject to special and complex U.S. Federal income tax provisions that may, among other things, (i) convert dividends that would otherwise constitute qualified dividend income into ordinary income, (ii) treat dividends that would otherwise be eligible for the DRD as ineligible for such treatment, (iii) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions, (iv) convert long-term capital gain into short-term capital gain or ordinary income, (v) convert an ordinary loss or deduction into

 

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a capital loss (the deductibility of which is more limited), (vi) cause the Fund to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash, (vii) adversely affect the time as to when a purchase or sale of stock or securities is deemed to occur, (viii) adversely alter the characterization of certain complex financial transactions and (ix) produce income that will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement that applies to regulated investment companies. While it may not always be successful in doing so, the Fund will seek to avoid or minimize the adverse tax consequences of its investment practices.

Options, Futures, Forward Contracts and Swap Agreements

A substantial portion of the Fund’s distributions will consist of premiums from its Covered Call Strategy. The tax treatment of the Fund’s options activity will vary based on the nature and the subject of the options. In general, option premiums are not immediately included in the income of the Fund when received. Instead, in the case of certain options (including options on single stocks, options on certain narrow-based indexes and options not listed on certain exchanges), the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option. If an option written by the Fund with respect to individual stocks is exercised and the Fund sells or delivers the underlying stock, the Fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Fund minus (b) the Fund’s basis in the stock. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. The gain or loss with respect to any termination of the Fund’s obligation under such an option other than through the exercise of the option and related sale or delivery of the underlying stock will be short-term gain or loss. Thus, if an option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received.

Certain options that are listed on a qualified board of exchange (“listed options”) written or purchased by the Fund (including options on futures contracts, broad-based equity indices and debt securities) as well as certain futures contracts will be governed by section 1256 of the Code (“section 1256 contracts”). Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are “marked to market” with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss generally is treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gain or loss. Almost no options listed on non-U.S. exchanges will meet the requirements for Section 1256 treatment.

Certain covered call-writing activities of the Fund may trigger the U.S. Federal income tax straddle rules of Section 1092, requiring that losses be deferred and holding periods be terminated on offsetting positions in options and stocks deemed to constitute substantially similar or related property. Options that are not “deep in the money” may give rise to qualified covered calls, which generally are not subject to the straddle rules; the holding period on stock underlying qualified covered calls that are “in the money” although not “deep in the money” will be suspended while such calls are outstanding. Thus, the straddle rules and the rules governing qualified covered calls could cause gains that would otherwise constitute long-term capital gains to be treated as short-term capital gains, and distributions that would otherwise constitute qualified dividend income to fail to satisfy the holding period requirements and therefore to be taxed as ordinary income.

To the extent such investments are permissible for the Fund, the Fund’s transactions in options, futures contracts, hedging transactions, forward contracts, straddles and foreign currencies will be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, swap agreements, straddle, wash sale and short sale rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund, to defer losses to the Fund, to cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund’s securities, to convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains and to convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules, therefore, could affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to stockholders. In particular, the straddle rules require that certain losses be deferred, and the holding period for positions governed by theses rules generally will not begin until after the offsetting position is no longer outstanding.

Original Issue Discount Securities

Investments by the Fund in zero coupon or other discount securities will result in income to the Fund equal

 

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to a portion of the excess of the face value of the securities over their issue price (the “original issue discount”) each year that the securities are held, even though the Fund receives no cash interest payments. This income is included in determining the amount of income which the Fund must distribute to maintain its status as a regulated investment company and to avoid the payment of Federal income tax and the 4% excise tax. Because such income may not be matched by a corresponding cash distribution to the Fund, the Fund may be required to borrow money or dispose of other securities to be able to make distributions to its stockholders.

Investment in Non-U.S. Securities

The Fund’s investment in non-U.S. securities may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes. In that case, the Fund’s yield on those securities would be decreased. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes.

If more than 50% of the Fund’s assets at year end consists of the securities of foreign corporations, the Fund may elect to permit shareholders to claim a credit or deduction on their income tax returns for their pro rata portion of qualified taxes paid by the Fund to foreign countries in respect of foreign securities the Fund has held for at least the minimum period specified in the Code. In such a case, shareholders will include in gross income from foreign sources their pro rata shares of such taxes. It is anticipated that shareholders of the Fund generally will not be entitled to claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes.

Passive Foreign Investment Company

If the Fund purchases shares in a “passive foreign investment company” (a “PFIC”), the Fund may be subject to U.S. Federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Fund to its stockholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains. If the Fund were to invest in a PFIC and elected to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under the Code (a “QEF”), in lieu of the foregoing requirements, the Fund would be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gain of the QEF, even if not distributed to the Fund. However, the Fund will be unable to make a QEF election unless certain information is received from the PFIC, and there can be no assurance the PFIC will provide such information. Alternatively, the Fund can, in certain cases, elect to mark-to-market at the end of each taxable year its shares in a PFIC; in this case, the Fund would recognize as ordinary income any increase in the value of such shares, and as ordinary loss any decrease in such value to the extent it did not exceed prior increases included in income. Under either election, the Fund might be required to recognize in a year income in excess of its distributions from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock during that year, and such income would nevertheless be subject to the distribution requirement and would be taken into account for purposes of the 4% excise tax (described above). Dividends paid by PFICs will not be treated as qualified dividend income.

A PFIC is any foreign corporation: (1) 75% or more of the income of which for the taxable year is passive income, or (ii) the average percentage of the assets of which (generally by value, but by adjusted tax basis in certain cases) that produce or are held for the production of passive income is at least 50%. Generally, passive income for this purpose means dividends, interest (including income equivalent to interest), royalties, rents, annuities, the excess of gains over losses from certain property transactions and commodities transactions, and foreign currency gains. Passive income for this purpose does not include rents and royalties received by the foreign corporation from active businesses and certain income received from related persons.

Foreign Currency Transactions

Gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time the Fund accrues income or receivables or expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such income or receivables or pays such liabilities are generally treated as ordinary income or loss. Similarly, the Fund’s transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned.

 

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Investments in Securities of Uncertain Tax Character

The Fund may invest in preferred securities or other securities the U.S. Federal income tax treatment of which may not be clear or may be subject to recharacterization by the IRS. To the extent the tax treatment of such securities or the income from such securities differs from the tax treatment expected by the Fund, it could affect the timing or character of income recognized by the Fund, requiring the Fund to purchase or sell securities, or otherwise change its portfolio, in order to comply with the tax rules applicable to regulated investment companies under the Code.

Investment in Real Estate Investment Trusts

The Fund may invest in REITs that hold residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”). Under a Notice recently issued by the IRS and Treasury regulations to be issued, a portion of the Fund’s income from a REIT that is attributable to the REIT’s residual interest in a REMIC (referred to in the Code as an “excess inclusion”) will be subject to U.S. Federal income tax in all events. The excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company, such as the Fund, will be allocated to stockholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such stockholders, with the same consequences as if the stockholders held the related REMIC residual interest directly. In general, excess inclusion income allocated to stockholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on unrelated business income, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign stockholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. Federal withholding tax. In addition, if at any time during any taxable year a “disqualified organization” (as defined in the Code) is a record holder of a share in a regulated investment company, then the regulated investment company will be subject to a tax equal to that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to the disqualified organization, multiplied by the highest U.S. Federal income tax rate imposed on corporations. The Notice imposes certain reporting requirements upon regulated investment companies that have excess inclusion income. The Investment Manager does not intend on behalf of the Fund to invest in REITs, a substantial portion of the assets of which consists of residual interests in REMICs or otherwise generate excess inclusion income.

Borrowings

If the Fund utilizes leverage through borrowing, it may be restricted by loan covenants with respect to the declaration of, and payment of, dividends in certain circumstances. Limits on the Fund’s payments of dividends may prevent the Fund from meeting the distribution requirements, described above, and may, therefore, jeopardize the Fund’s qualification for taxation as a regulated investment company and possibly subject the Fund to the 4% excise tax. The Fund will endeavor to avoid restrictions on its ability to make dividend payments.

Backup Withholding

If a stockholder fails to furnish a correct taxpayer identification number, or fails to make required certifications or has been notified by the IRS that the stockholder is subject to “backup withholding,” the stockholder may be subject to a “backup withholding” tax with respect to (1) taxable dividends and (2) the proceeds of any sales or repurchases of the Fund’s shares. An individual’s taxpayer identification number is generally his or her social security number. Corporate stockholders and other stockholders specified in the Code or the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder are exempt from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amounts withheld will be allowed as a refund or a credit against a taxpayer’s U.S. Federal income tax liability if the appropriate information is provided to the IRS.

 

43


Foreign Stockholders

U.S. taxation of a stockholder who, as to the United States, is a nonresident alien individual, a foreign trust or estate or a foreign corporation (“foreign stockholder”) as defined in the Code, depends on whether the income of the Fund is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by the stockholder.

Income Not Effectively Connected. If the income from the Fund is not “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by the foreign stockholder, distributions of investment company taxable income, including any dividends designated as qualified dividend income, will generally be subject to a U.S. tax of 30% (or lower treaty rate, except in the case of any excess inclusion income allocated to the stockholder (see “Taxation—Investments in Real Estate Investment Trusts” above)), which tax is generally withheld from such distributions. U.S. source withholding taxes are no longer imposed on dividends paid by regulated investment companies to the extent the dividends are designated as “interest-related dividends” or “short-term capital gain dividends.” Under this exemption, interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends generally represent distributions of U.S. source interest or short-term capital gains that would not have been subject to U.S. withholding tax at the source if they had been received directly by a foreign person, and that satisfy certain other requirements. The exemption applies to dividends with respect to taxable years of regulated investment companies beginning before January 1, 2008.

Capital gain dividends and any amounts retained by the Fund which are designated as undistributed capital gains will generally not be subject to U.S. Federal withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate) unless the foreign stockholder is a nonresident alien individual and is physically present in the United States for more than 182 days during the taxable year and meets certain other requirements. However, this 30% tax on capital gains of nonresident alien individuals who are physically present in the United States for more than the 182 day period only applies in exceptional cases because any individual present in the United States for more than 182 days during the taxable year is generally treated as a resident for U.S. income tax purposes; in that case, he or she would generally be subject to U.S. Federal income tax on his or her worldwide income at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens, rather than the 30% U.S. Federal withholding tax. In the case of a foreign stockholder who is a nonresident alien individual, the Fund may be required to backup withhold U.S. Federal income tax on distributions of net capital gain unless the foreign stockholder certifies his or her non-U.S. status under penalties of perjury or otherwise establishes an exemption. See “Taxation—Backup Withholding” above.

If the Fund is a “U.S. real property holding corporation,” or would be but for the operation of certain exclusions, distributions by the Fund attributable to gains from “U.S. real property interests”, (including certain U.S. real property holding corporations which may include gain on the sale of shares in certain “non-domestically controlled” REITs and certain capital gain dividends from REITs) will generally cause the foreign stockholder to be treated as recognizing such gain as income effectively connected to a trade or business within the United States. Foreign stockholders would thus generally be taxed at the same rates applicable to U.S. stockholders, subject to a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals. Also, such gain may be subject to a 30% branch profits tax in the hands of a foreign stockholder that is a corporation. Such distributions will be subject to U.S. withholding tax and will generally give rise to an obligation on the part of the foreign stockholder to file a U.S. Federal income tax return. The Fund does not expect to be a U.S. real property holding corporation, as defined for this purpose.

Under recently enacted legislation, foreign stockholders that engage in certain “wash sale” and/or substitute dividend payment transactions the effect of which is to avoid the receipt of distributions from the Fund that would be treated as gain effectively connected with a United States trade or business will be treated as having received such distributions. All shareholders of the Fund should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of this recently enacted legislation.

Income Effectively Connected. If the income from the Fund is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a foreign stockholder, then distributions of investment company taxable income and capital gain dividends, any amounts retained by the Fund which are designated as undistributed capital gains and any gains realized upon the sale or exchange of shares of the Fund will generally be subject to U.S. Federal income tax at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens, residents and domestic corporations. Foreign corporate stockholders may also be subject to the branch profits tax imposed by the Code.

 

44


If a partnership (including an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. Federal income tax purposes) holds Fund shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A prospective stockholder that is a partner of a partnership should consult its tax advisors with respect to the partnership’s purchase, ownership and disposition of Fund shares.

The tax consequences to a foreign stockholder entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty may differ from those described herein. Foreign stockholders are advised to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund.

Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations

Under Treasury regulations, if a stockholder recognizes a loss with respect to shares of $2 million or more for an individual stockholder or $10 million or more for a corporate stockholder in any single taxable year (or a greater loss over a combination of years), the stockholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. In addition, pursuant to the Act, significant penalties may be imposed upon the failure to comply with the tax shelter reporting rules. Direct stockholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, stockholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to stockholders of most or all regulated investment companies. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Stockholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

Shares Purchased through Tax-Qualified Plans

Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Stockholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the suitability of shares of the Fund as an investment through such plans, and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situation.

Other Taxation

Fund stockholders may be subject to state, local and foreign taxes on their Fund distributions. Stockholders are advised to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund.

COUNSEL AND INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Stroock & Stroock & Lavan LLP serves as counsel to the Fund, and is located at 180 Maiden Lane, New York, New York 10038. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP has been appointed as independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund. The statement of assets and liabilities of the Fund as of June 12, 2007 included in this SAI has been so included in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

 

45


COHEN & STEERS GLOBAL INCOME BUILDER, INC.

STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

as of June 12, 2007

 

Assets:

  

Cash

   $ 100,275
      

Total Assets

   $ 100,275

Liabilities:

  

Total Liabilities

     —  
      

Net Assets applicable to 5,250 shares of $.001 par value common stock outstanding

   $ 100,275
      

Net asset value per Common Shares outstanding ($100,275 divided by 5,250 Common Shares outstanding)

   $ 19.10
      

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT

Note 1: Organization

Cohen & Steers Global Income Builder, Inc. (the “Fund”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Maryland on April 10, 2007 and is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a non-diversified closed-end management investment company. The Fund has been inactive since that date except for matters relating to the Fund’s establishment, designation, registration of the Fund’s shares of common stock (“Shares”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the sale of 5,250 Shares (“Initial Shares”) for $100,275 to Cohen & Steers Capital Management, Inc. (the “Investment Manager”). The proceeds of such Initial Shares in the Fund were held in cash. There are 250,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value common stock authorized.

The investment objective of the Fund is total return, with an emphasis on high current income. The Investment Manager will construct the Fund’s investment portfolio primarily by allocating the Fund’s assets to selections from the five proprietary strategies used by the Investment Manager in managing other established Cohen & Steers portfolios. The five proprietary strategies are: (1) Global Large Cap Strategy, (2) Global Real Estate Strategy, (3) Global Utility Strategy; (4) Global Preferred Strategy; and (5) Closed-End Funds Strategy.

The Investment Manager has agreed to pay all organization expenses (approximately $31,000) and pay all offering costs (other than the sales load but including $.00667 per Common Share partial reimbursement of expenses to the underwriters as well as commissions paid by the Investment Manager to its internal sales associates) that exceed $0.04 per Common Share. The total offering costs of the Fund are expected to be approximately $1,075,000, of which the Fund is expected to bear $1,000,000.

Note 2: Accounting Policies

The preparation of the financial statement in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statement. Actual results could differ from these estimates. In the normal course of business, the Fund enters into contracts that contain a variety of representations which provide general indemnifications. The Fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Fund that have not yet occurred. However, the Fund expects the risk of loss to be remote.

Note 3: Investment Management Agreement and Subadvisory Agreements

The Fund has entered into an Investment Management Agreement with the Investment Manager, pursuant to which the Investment Manager will provide general investment advisory services for the Fund. For providing these services, the Investment Manager will receive a fee from the Fund, accrued daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate equal to 1.00% of the Fund’s average daily managed assets (i.e., the next asset value of the Common Shares plus the liquidation preference of any Fund Preferred Shares and the principal amount of any borrowings used for leverage).

In addition, the Investment Manager is responsible for the supervision and ongoing monitoring of Cohen & Steers Europe S.A. (“CNS Europe”), Cohen & Steers Asia Limited (“CNS Asia”) and Cohen & Steers UK Limited (“CNS UK”), the Fund’s subadvisors. For their services under the Subadvisory Agreement between the Investment Manager and each Subadvisor, the Investment Manager (not the Fund) pays CNS Europe, CNS Asia and CNS UK a monthly fee at the annual rate of 5.00%, 10.00% and 5.00%, respectively, of the investment management fee paid by the Fund to the Investment Manager.

 

46


The Fund has entered into an Administration Agreement with the Investment Manager under which the Investment Manager performs certain administrative functions for the Fund, including providing administrative services necessary for the operations of the Fund and furnishing office space and facilities required for conducting the business of the Fund. For its services under the Administration Agreement, the Investment Manager receives a monthly fee from the Fund at the annual rate of 0.08% of the Fund’s average daily managed assets.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholder and Board of Directors of

COHEN & STEERS GLOBAL INCOME BUILDER, INC.:

In our opinion, the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Cohen & Steers Global Income Builder, Inc. (the “Fund”) at June 12, 2007, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. This financial statement is the responsibility of the Fund’s management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on this financial statement based on our audit. We conducted our audit of this financial statement in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statement is free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statement, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

New York, New York

June 18, 2007

 

47


APPENDIX A

RATINGS OF INVESTMENTS

Description of certain ratings assigned by S&P and Moody’s:

S&P

Long-Term

“AAA” — An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

“AA” — An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest rated obligations only in small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

“A” — An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

“BBB” — An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC,” and “C” — Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC,” and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

“BB” — An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“B” — An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB,” but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“CCC” — An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“CC” — An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.

“C” — A subordinated debt or preferred stock obligation rated “C” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The “C” rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued. A “C” also will be assigned to a preferred stock issue in arrears on dividends or sinking fund payments, but that is currently paying.

“D” — An obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

“r” — The symbol “r” is attached to the ratings of instruments with significant noncredit risks. It highlights risks to principal or volatility of expected returns which are not addressed in the credit rating. Examples include: obligations linked or indexed to equities, currencies, or commodities; obligations exposed to severe prepayment risk — such as interest-only or principal-only mortgage securities; and obligations with unusually risky interest terms, such as inverse floaters.

“N.R.” — The designation “N.R.” indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

Note: The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign designation to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

Short-Term

“A-1” — A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are given a plus sign (+) designation. This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

“A-2” — A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

 

A-1


“A-3” — A short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“B” — A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet is financial commitment on the obligation.

“C” — A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

“D” — A short-term obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

Moody’s

Long-Term

“Aaa” — Bonds rated “Aaa” are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edged.” Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.

“Aa” — Bonds rated “Aa” are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the “Aaa” group they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in “Aaa” securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risk appear somewhat larger than the “Aaa” securities.

“A” — Bonds rated “A” possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper-medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment some time in the future.

“Baa” — Bonds rated “Baa” are considered as medium-grade obligations (i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured). Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.

“Ba” — Bonds rated “Ba” are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well-assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate, and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.

“B” — Bonds rated “B” generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.

“Caa” — Bonds rated “Caa” are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.

“Ca” — Bonds rated “Ca” represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.

“C” — Bonds rated “C” are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.

Note: Moody’s applies numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 in each generic rating classification from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

Prime Rating System (Short-Term)

Issuers rated Prime-1 (or supporting institutions) have a superior ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. Prime-1 repayment ability will often be evidenced by many of the following characteristics:

 

 

Leading market positions in well-established industries.

 

 

High rates of return on funds employed.

 

 

Conservative capitalization structure with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection.

 

 

Broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation.

 

 

Well-established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity.

Issuers rated Prime-2 (or supporting institutions) have a strong ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser degree.

 

A-2


Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, may be more subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.

Issuers rated Prime-3 (or supporting institutions) have an acceptable ability for repayment of senior short-term obligations. The effect of industry characteristics and market compositions may be more pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements and may require relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.

Issuers rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

 

A-3