Edgar Filing: AMPCO PITTSBURGH CORP

Form 10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR- 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011

Commission File Number 1-898

AMPCO-PITTSBURGH CORPORATION


Pennsylvania
(State of Incorporation)		25-1117717
600 Grant Street, Suite 4600		I.R.S. Employer ID No.
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
(Address of principal executive offices)		(412) 456-4400
		(Registrant’s telephone number)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $1 par value		New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:		None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes No ü

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes No ü

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ü No

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ü No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ü]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer Accelerated Filer ü Non-accelerated Filer Smaller reporting company

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes No ü

The aggregate market value of the voting stock of Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation held by non-affiliates on June 30, 2011 (based upon the closing price of the Registrant’s Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) on that date) was approximately $199 million.

As of March 12, 2012, 10,331,436 common shares were outstanding.

Documents Incorporated by Reference: Part III of this report incorporates by reference certain information from the Proxy Statement for the 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.


		5		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report

– PART I –

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS

Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation (the “Corporation”) was incorporated in Pennsylvania in 1929. The Corporation, individually or together with its consolidated subsidiaries, is also referred to herein as the “Registrant”.

The Corporation classifies its businesses in two segments: Forged and Cast Rolls and Air and Liquid Processing.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION ABOUT SEGMENTS

The sales and operating profit of the Corporation’s two segments and the identifiable assets attributable to both segments for the three years ended December 31, 2011 are set forth in Note 19 (Business Segments) on page 51 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Forged and Cast Rolls Segment

Union Electric Steel Corporation produces forged hardened steel rolls used in cold rolling by producers of steel, aluminum and other metals throughout the world. It is headquartered in Carnegie, Pennsylvania with three manufacturing facilities in Pennsylvania and one in Indiana. Union Electric Steel Corporation is one of the largest producers of forged hardened steel rolls in the world. In addition to several domestic competitors, several major European, South American and Asian manufacturers also compete in both the domestic and foreign markets. In 2007, a subsidiary became a 49% partner in a joint venture in China to manufacture large forged backup rolls principally in weight and size larger than those which can be made in the subsidiary’s facilities in the United States. Limited production continued in 2011.

Union Electric Steel UK Limited produces cast rolls for hot and cold strip mills, medium/heavy section mills and plate mills in a variety of iron and steel qualities. It is located in Gateshead, England and is a major supplier of cast rolls to the metalworking industry worldwide. It primarily competes with European, Asian and North and South American companies in both the domestic and foreign markets. Union Electric Steel UK is a 25% partner in a Chinese joint venture which produces cast rolls.

Air and Liquid Processing Segment

Aerofin Division of Air & Liquid Systems Corporation produces finned tube and plate finned heat exchange coils for the commercial and industrial construction, process and utility industries and is located in Lynchburg, Virginia.

Buffalo Air Handling Division of Air & Liquid Systems Corporation produces large custom air handling systems used in commercial, institutional and industrial buildings and is located in Amherst, Virginia.

Buffalo Pumps Division of Air & Liquid Systems Corporation manufactures a line of centrifugal pumps for the refrigeration, power generation and marine defense industries and is located in North Tonawanda, New York.

All three of the divisions in this segment are principally represented by a common independent sales organization and have several major competitors.

In both segments, the products are dependent on engineering, principally custom designed, and are sold to sophisticated commercial and industrial users located throughout the world.

The Forged and Cast Rolls segment has two international customers which constituted approximately 22% of its sales in 2011. The loss of both of these customers could have a material adverse effect on the segment.

For additional information on the products produced and financial information about each segment, see page 4 and Note 19 (Business Segments) on page 51 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Raw Materials

Raw materials used in both segments are generally available from many sources and the Corporation is not dependent upon any single supplier for any raw material. Substantial volumes of raw materials used by the Corporation are subject to significant variations in price. The Corporation generally does not purchase or commit for the purchase of a major portion of


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		6

raw materials significantly in advance of the time it requires such materials but does make forward commitments for the supply of natural gas.

Patents

While the Corporation holds some patents, trademarks and licenses, in the opinion of management they are not material to either segment of the Corporation’s business, other than in protecting the goodwill associated with the names under which products are sold.

Backlog

The backlog of orders at December 31, 2011 was approximately $260 million compared to a backlog of $397 million at year-end 2010. In addition, certain companies in the Forged and Cast Rolls group have long-term supply agreements under which certain customers are committed to purchasing approximately $19 million (through 2014) of product for which specific orders have not yet been received. To better match the changing production levels of their customers, backlog remains subject to rescheduling including, in some situations, bringing forward orders previously deferred. Accordingly, it is difficult to predict accurately the proportion of backlog to ship in 2012 and thereafter; however, based on current estimates, approximately $73 million is expected to be released after 2012.

Competition

The Corporation faces considerable competition from a large number of companies in both segments. The Corporation believes, however, that it is a significant factor in each of the niche markets which it serves. Competition in both segments is based on quality, service, price and delivery. For additional information, see “Narrative Description of Business” on page 6 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Research and Development

As part of an overall strategy to develop new markets and maintain leadership in each of the industry niches served, the Corporation’s businesses in both segments incur expenditures for research and development. The activities that are undertaken are designed to develop new products, improve existing products and processes, enhance product quality, adapt products to meet customer specifications and reduce manufacturing costs. In the aggregate, these expenditures approximated $1.70 million in 2011, $1.71 million in 2010 and $1.35 million in 2009.

Environmental Protection Compliance Costs

Expenditures for environmental control matters were not material to either segment in 2011 and such expenditures are not expected to be material in 2012.

Employees

On December 31, 2011, the Corporation had 1,240 active employees.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION ABOUT GEOGRAPHIC AREAS

The Forged and Cast Rolls segment has a manufacturing operation in England and a small European sales and engineering support group in Belgium. For financial information relating to foreign and domestic operations see Note 19 (Business Segments) on page 51 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

The Corporation files annual, quarterly and current reports, amendments to those reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). You may access and read the Corporation’s filings without charge through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. You may also read and copy any document the Corporation files at the SEC’s Public Reference Room located at 100 F. Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the Public Reference Room.

The Corporation’s Internet address is www.ampcopittsburgh.com. The Corporation makes available, free of charge on its Internet website, access to these reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information on the Corporation’s website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The name, age, position with the Corporation⁽¹⁾ and business experience for the past five years of the Executive Officers of the Corporation are as follows:

Robert A. Paul (age 74). Mr. Paul was elected Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation in 2004. Prior to that, he was President and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation for more than five years. He has been a Director since 1970 and his current term expires in 2012. He is also President and a director of The Louis Berkman Investment Company. Mr. Paul has been a shareholder, officer and director of the Corporation for more than 40 years.

Rose Hoover (age 56). Ms. Hoover has been employed by the Corporation for more than thirty years. She has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer of the Corporation since May 2011; Senior Vice President of the Corporation since April 2009 and prior to that served as Vice President Administration of the Corporation since December 2006. She has also served as Secretary of the Corporation for more than five years.

Marliss D. Johnson (age 47). Ms. Johnson has been Vice President, Controller and Treasurer of the Corporation for twelve years. Ms. Johnson is a Certified Public Accountant with fourteen years of experience with a major accounting firm prior to joining the Corporation.

Robert F. Schultz (age 64). Mr. Schultz has been with the Corporation for more than thirty years, twenty-one of which he has served as Vice President Industrial Relations and Senior Counsel. Prior to joining the Corporation, Mr. Schultz practiced law in a private practice law firm.

(1)

Officers serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors and none of the listed individuals serves as a director of a public company, except that Mr. Paul is a director of the Corporation.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

From time to time, important factors may cause actual results to differ materially from any future expected results based on performance expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements made by us, including known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are not possible to predict or control. Several of these factors are described from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, but the factors described in filings are not the only risks that are faced.

Cyclical Demand for Products/Economic Downturns

A significant portion of our sales consists of rolling mill rolls to customers in the global steel industry which can be periodically impacted by economic or cyclical downturns. Such downturns, the timing and length of which are difficult to predict, may reduce the demand for, and sales of, our forged and cast steel rolls both in the United States and the rest of the world. Lower demand for rolls may also adversely impact profitability as other roll producers, which compete with us, lower selling prices in the market place in order to fill their manufacturing capacity. Cancellation of orders or deferral of delivery of rolls may occur and produce an adverse impact on financial results.

Steel Industry Consolidation

Globally, the steel industry has undergone structural change by way of consolidation and mergers. In certain markets, the resultant reduction in the number of steel plants and the increased buying power of the enlarged steel producing companies may put pressure on the selling prices and profit margins of rolls.

Export Sales

Exports are a significant proportion of our sales. Historically, changes in foreign exchange rates, particularly in respect of the U.S. dollar and the Euro, have impacted the export of our products and may do so again in the future. Other factors which may adversely impact export sales and operating results include political and economic instability, export controls, changes in tax laws and tariffs and new indigenous producers in overseas markets. A reduction in the level of export sales may have an adverse impact on our financial results. In addition, exchange rate changes may allow foreign roll suppliers to compete in our home markets.

Capital Spending

Each of our businesses is susceptible to the general level of economic activity, particularly as it impacts industrial and construction capital spending. A downturn in capital spending in the United States and elsewhere may reduce demand for and


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		8

sales of our air handling, power generation and refrigeration equipment, and rolling mill rolls. Lower demand may also reduce profit margins due to our competitors and us striving to maximize manufacturing capacity by lowering prices.

Prices and Availability of Commodities

We use certain commodities in the manufacture of our products. These include steel scrap, ferroalloys and energy. Any sudden price increase may cause a reduction in profit margins or losses where fixed-priced contracts have been accepted or increases cannot be obtained in future selling prices. In addition, there may be curtailment in electricity or gas supply which would adversely impact production. Shortage of critical materials while driving up costs may be of such severity as to disrupt production, all of which may impact sales and profitability.

Labor Agreements

We have several key operations which are subject to multi-year collective bargaining agreements with our hourly work force. While we believe we have excellent relations with our unions, there is the risk of industrial action at the expiration of an agreement if contract negotiations break down, which may disrupt manufacturing and impact results of operations.

Dependence on Certain Equipment

Our principal business relies on certain unique equipment such as an electric arc furnace and a spin cast work roll machine. Although a comprehensive critical spare inventory of key components for this equipment is maintained, if any such unique equipment is out of operation for an extended period, it may result in a significant reduction in our sales and earnings. Loss of certain subcontractors may have a similar impact.

Asbestos Litigation

Our subsidiaries, and in some cases, we, are defendants in numerous claims alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos-containing components historically used in certain products of our subsidiaries. Through year-end 2011, our insurance has covered a substantial majority of our settlement and defense costs. We believe that the estimated costs net of anticipated insurance recoveries of our pending and future asbestos legal proceedings for the next ten years will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or liquidity. However, there can be no assurance that our subsidiaries or we will not be subject to significant additional claims in the future or that our subsidiaries’ ultimate liability with respect to asbestos claims will not present significantly greater and longer lasting financial exposure than provided for in our consolidated financial statements. Similarly, although the Corporation believes that the assumptions employed in valuing its insurance coverage were reasonable, there are other assumptions that could have been employed that would have resulted in materially lower insurance recovery projections. The ultimate net liability with respect to such pending and any unasserted claims is subject to various uncertainties, including the following:

•

the number of claims that are brought in the future;

•

the costs of defending and settling these claims;

•

insolvencies among our insurance carriers and the risk of future insolvencies;

•

the possibility that adverse jury verdicts could require damage payments in amounts greater than the amounts for which we have historically settled claims;

•

possible changes in the litigation environment or federal and state law governing the compensation of asbestos claimants;

•

the risk that the bankruptcies of other asbestos defendants may increase our costs; and

•

the risk that our insurance will not cover as much of our asbestos liabilities as anticipated.

Because of the uncertainties related to such claims, it is possible that the ultimate liability could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or liquidity in the future.

Environmental Matters

We are subject to various domestic and international environmental laws and regulations that govern the discharge of pollutants and disposal of wastes and which may require that we investigate and remediate the effects of the release or disposal of materials at sites associated with past and present operations. We could incur substantial cleanup costs, fines and civil or criminal sanctions, third party property damage or personal injury claims as a result of violations or liabilities under these laws or non-compliance with environmental permits required at our facilities.

ITEM 1B.

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

The Corporation has no unresolved staff comments.


		9		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

The location and general character of the principal locations in each segment, all of which are owned unless otherwise noted, are as follows:


Company and Location	Principal Use	Approximate Square Footage	Type of Construction
FORGED AND CAST ROLLS SEGMENT
Union Electric Steel Corporation Route 18 Burgettstown, PA 15021	Manufacturing facilities	296,800 on 55 acres	Metal and steel

726 Bell Avenue Carnegie, PA 15106	Manufacturing facilities and offices	165,900 on 8.7 acres	Metal and steel

U.S. Highway 30 Valparaiso, IN 46383	Manufacturing facilities	88,000 on 20 acres	Metal and steel

1712 Greengarden Road Erie, PA 16501	Manufacturing facilities	40,000*	Metal and steel

Bosstraat 54 3560 Lummen Belgium	Sales and engineering	4,500*	Cement block

Union Electric Steel UK Limited Coulthards Lane Gateshead, England	Manufacturing facilities and offices	274,000 on 10 acres	Steel framed, metal and brick
AIR AND LIQUID PROCESSING SEGMENT
Air & Liquid Systems Corporation
Aerofin Division 4621 Murray Place Lynchburg, VA 24506	Manufacturing facilities and offices	146,000 on 15.3 acres	Brick, concrete and steel

Buffalo Air Handling Division
Zane Snead Drive Amherst, VA 24531	Manufacturing facilities and offices	89,000 on 19.5 acres	Metal and steel

Buffalo Pump Division
874 Oliver Street N. Tonawanda, NY 14120	Manufacturing facilities and offices	94,000 on 9 acres	Metal, brick and cement block

*	Facility is leased.

The Corporation’s office space and the Air & Liquid Systems headquarter’s office space is leased, as are several small sales offices. All of the owned facilities are adequate and suitable for their respective purposes.

The Forged and Cast Rolls segment’s facilities were operated within 80% to 85% of their normal capacity during 2011. The facilities of the Air and Liquid Processing segment were operated within 60% to 70% of their normal capacity. Normal capacity is defined as capacity under approximately normal conditions with allowances made for unavoidable interruptions, such as lost time for repairs, maintenance, breakdowns, set-up, failure, supply delays, labor shortages and absences, Sundays, holidays, vacation, inventory taking, etc. The number of work shifts is also taken into consideration.


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		10

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

LITIGATION

The Corporation and its subsidiaries are involved in various claims and lawsuits incidental to their businesses. In addition, it is also subject to asbestos litigation as described below.

Asbestos Litigation

Claims have been asserted alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos-containing components historically used in some products of predecessors of the Corporation’s Air & Liquid Systems Corporation subsidiary (“Asbestos Liability”) and of an inactive subsidiary in dissolution. Those subsidiaries, and in some cases the Corporation, are defendants (among a number of defendants, often in excess of 50) in cases filed in various state and federal courts.

Asbestos Claims

The following table reflects approximate information about the claims for Asbestos Liability against the subsidiaries and the Corporation, along with certain asbestos claims asserted against the inactive subsidiary in dissolution, for the three years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:


	2011			2010			2009
Open claims at end of period		8,145	⁽¹⁾		8,081	⁽¹⁾		8,168	⁽¹⁾

Gross settlement and defense costs (in 000’s)	$	22,767		$	18,085		$	28,744

Claims resolved		1,501			1,377			3,336

(1)

Included as “open claims” are approximately 1,668 claims in 2011, 1,791 claims in 2010 and 1,938 claims in 2009 classified in various jurisdictions as “inactive” or transferred to a state or federal judicial panel on multi-district litigation, commonly referred to as the MDL.

A substantial majority of the settlement and defense costs reflected in the above table were reported and paid by insurers. Because claims are often filed and can be settled or dismissed in large groups, the amount and timing of settlements, as well as the number of open claims, can fluctuate significantly from period to period. In 2006, for the first time, a claim for Asbestos Liability against one of the Corporation’s subsidiaries was tried to a jury. The trial resulted in a defense verdict. Plaintiffs appealed that verdict and in 2008 the California Court of Appeals reversed the jury verdict and remanded the case back to the trial court.

Asbestos Insurance

Certain of the Corporation’s subsidiaries and the Corporation have an arrangement (the “Coverage Arrangement”) with insurers responsible for historical primary and some first-layer excess insurance coverage for Asbestos Liability (the “Paying Insurers”). Under the Coverage Arrangement, the Paying Insurers accept financial responsibility, subject to the limits of the policies and based on fixed defense percentages and specified indemnity allocation formulas, for pending and future claims for Asbestos Liability. The claims against the Corporation’s inactive subsidiary that is in dissolution proceedings, numbering approximately 315 as of December 31, 2011, are not included within the Coverage Arrangement. The Corporation believes that the claims against the inactive subsidiary in dissolution are immaterial.

The Coverage Arrangement includes an acknowledgement that Howden North America, Inc. (“Howden”) is entitled to coverage under policies covering Asbestos Liability for claims arising out of the historical products manufactured or distributed by Buffalo Forge, a former subsidiary of the Corporation (the “Products”). The Coverage Arrangement does not provide for any prioritization on access to the applicable policies or monetary cap other than the limits of the policies, and, accordingly, Howden may access the policies at any time for any covered claim arising out of a Product. In general, access by Howden to the policies covering the Products will erode the coverage under the policies available to the Corporation and the relevant subsidiaries for Asbestos Liability alleged to arise out of not only the Products but also other historical products of the Corporation and its subsidiaries covered by the applicable policies.


		11		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report

On February 24, 2011, the Corporation and its Air & Liquid Systems Corporation subsidiary filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania against thirteen domestic insurance companies, certain underwriters at Lloyd’s, London and certain London market insurance companies, and Howden. The lawsuit seeks a declaratory judgment regarding the respective rights and obligations of the parties under excess insurance policies not included within the Coverage Arrangement that were issued to the Corporation from 1981 through 1984 as respects claims against the Corporation and its subsidiary for Asbestos Liability and as respects asbestos bodily-injury claims against Howden arising from the Products. Various counterclaims, cross claims and third party claims have been filed in the litigation.

Asbestos Valuations

In 2006, the Corporation retained Hamilton, Rabinovitz & Associates, Inc. (“HR&A”), a nationally recognized expert in the valuation of asbestos liabilities, to assist the Corporation in estimating the potential liability for pending and unasserted future claims for Asbestos Liability. HR&A was not requested to estimate asbestos claims against the inactive subsidiary in dissolution or the former division, which the Corporation believes are immaterial. Based on this analysis, the Corporation recorded a reserve for Asbestos Liability claims pending or projected to be asserted through 2013 as at December 31, 2006. HR&A’s analysis was updated in 2008, and additional reserves were established by the Corporation as at December 31, 2008 for Asbestos Liability claims pending or projected to be asserted through 2018. HR&A’s analysis was most recently updated in 2010, and additional reserves were established by the Corporation as at December 31, 2010 for Asbestos Liability claims pending or projected to be asserted through 2020. The methodology used by HR&A in its projection in 2010 of the operating subsidiaries’ liability for pending and unasserted potential future claims for Asbestos Liability, which is substantially the same as the methodology employed by HR&A in the 2006 and 2008 estimates, relied upon and included the following factors:

•

HR&A’s interpretation of a widely accepted forecast of the population likely to have been exposed to asbestos;

•

epidemiological studies estimating the number of people likely to develop asbestos-related diseases;

•

HR&A’s analysis of the number of people likely to file an asbestos-related injury claim against the subsidiaries and the Corporation based on such epidemiological data and relevant claims history from January 1, 2008 to August 30, 2010;

•

an analysis of pending cases, by type of injury claimed and jurisdiction where the claim is filed;

•

an analysis of claims resolution history from January 1, 2008 to August 30, 2010 to determine the average settlement value of claims, by type of injury claimed and jurisdiction of filing; and

•

an adjustment for inflation in the future average settlement value of claims, at an annual inflation rate based on the Congressional Budget Office’s ten year forecast of inflation.

Using this information, HR&A estimated in 2010 the number of future claims for Asbestos Liability that would be filed through the year 2020, as well as the settlement or indemnity costs that would be incurred to resolve both pending and future unasserted claims through 2020. This methodology has been accepted by numerous courts. For purposes of its consolidated financial statements for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, the Corporation reviewed its current Asbestos Liability and ultimately utilized the estimate by HR&A completed in 2010, as updated by the Corporation to reflect its Asbestos Liability expenditures through December 31, 2011.

In conjunction with developing the aggregate liability estimate referenced above, the Corporation also developed an estimate of probable insurance recoveries for its Asbestos Liabilities. In developing the estimate, the Corporation considered HR&A’s projection for settlement or indemnity costs for Asbestos Liability and management’s projection of associated defense costs (based on the current defense to indemnity cost ratio), as well as a number of additional factors. These additional factors included the Coverage Arrangement, self-insured retentions, policy exclusions, policy limits, policy provisions regarding coverage for defense costs, attachment points, prior impairment of policies and gaps in the coverage, policy exhaustions, insolvencies among certain of the insurance carriers, the nature of the underlying claims for Asbestos Liability asserted against the subsidiaries and the Corporation as reflected in the Corporation’s asbestos claims database, as well as estimated erosion of insurance limits on account of claims against Howden arising out of the Products. In addition to consulting with the Corporation’s outside legal counsel on these insurance matters, the Corporation retained in 2010 a nationally-recognized insurance consulting firm to assist the Corporation with certain policy allocation matters that also are among the several factors considered by the Corporation when analyzing potential recoveries from relevant historical insurance for Asbestos Liabilities. Based upon all of the factors considered by the Corporation, and taking into account the Corporation’s analysis of publicly available information regarding the credit-worthiness of various insurers, the Corporation estimated the probable insurance recoveries for Asbestos Liability and defense costs through 2020. Although the Corporation believes that the assumptions employed in the insurance valuation were reasonable and previously consulted with its outside legal counsel and insurance consultant regarding those assumptions, there are other assumptions that could have been employed that would have resulted in materially lower insurance recovery projections.


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		12

Based on the analyses described above, the Corporation’s reserve at December 31, 2010 for the total costs, including defense costs, for Asbestos Liability claims pending or projected to be asserted through 2020 was $218 million, of which approximately 85% was attributable to settlement costs for unasserted claims projected to be filed through 2020 and future defense costs. The reserve at December 31, 2011 was $198 million. While it is reasonably possible that the Corporation will incur additional charges for Asbestos Liability and defense costs in excess of the amounts currently reserved, the Corporation believes that there is too much uncertainty to provide for reasonable estimation of the number of future claims, the nature of such claims and the cost to resolve them beyond 2020. Accordingly, no reserve has been recorded for any costs that may be incurred after 2020.

The Corporation’s receivable at December 31, 2010 for insurance recoveries attributable to the claims for which the Corporation’s Asbestos Liability reserve has been established, including the portion of incurred defense costs covered by the Coverage Arrangement, and the probable payments and reimbursements relating to the estimated indemnity and defense costs for pending and unasserted future Asbestos Liability claims, was $142 million ($126 million as of December 31, 2011). The insurance receivable recorded by the Corporation does not assume any recovery from insolvent carriers, and substantially all of the insurance recoveries deemed probable were from insurance companies rated A – (excellent) or better by A.M. Best Corporation. There can be no assurance, however, that there will not be further insolvencies among the relevant insurance carriers, or that the assumed percentage recoveries for certain carriers will prove correct. The difference between insurance recoveries and projected costs is not due to exhaustion of all insurance coverage for Asbestos Liability. The Corporation and the subsidiaries have substantial additional insurance coverage which the Corporation expects to be available for Asbestos Liability claims and defense costs the subsidiaries and it may incur after 2020. However, this insurance coverage also can be expected to have gaps creating significant shortfalls of insurance recoveries as against claims expense, which could be material in future years.

The amounts recorded by the Corporation for Asbestos Liabilities and insurance receivables rely on assumptions that are based on currently known facts and strategy. The Corporation’s actual expenses or insurance recoveries could be significantly higher or lower than those recorded if assumptions used in the Corporation’s or HR&A’s calculations vary significantly from actual results. Key variables in these assumptions are identified above and include the number and type of new claims to be filed each year, the average cost of disposing of each such new claim, average annual defense costs, the resolution of coverage issues with insurance carriers, and the solvency risk with respect to the relevant insurance carriers. Other factors that may affect the Corporation’s Asbestos Liability and ability to recover under its insurance policies include uncertainties surrounding the litigation process from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and from case to case, reforms that may be made by state and federal courts, and the passage of state or federal tort reform legislation.

The Corporation intends to evaluate its estimated Asbestos Liability and related insurance receivables as well as the underlying assumptions on a regular basis to determine whether any adjustments to the estimates are required. Due to the uncertainties surrounding asbestos litigation and insurance, these regular reviews may result in the Corporation incurring future charges; however, the Corporation is currently unable to estimate such future charges. Adjustments, if any, to the Corporation’s estimate of its recorded Asbestos Liability and/or insurance receivables could be material to operating results for the periods in which the adjustments to the liability or receivable are recorded, and to the Corporation’s liquidity and consolidated financial position.

ENVIRONMENTAL

The Corporation is currently performing certain remedial actions in connection with the sale of real estate previously owned. Settlements were paid by our insurance carriers at two third-party landfill sites where the Corporation was named a Potentially Responsible Party.


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– PART II –

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER

MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The shares of common stock of Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (symbol AP). Cash dividends have been paid on common shares in every year since 1965.

2011 Per Share

2010 Per Share

Common Stock Price

Common Stock Price

Quarter

High

Low

Dividends
Declared

High

Low

Dividends
Declared

First

$ 28.55

$ 23.50

$ 0.18

$ 32.72

$ 22.01

$ 0.18

Second

27.81

21.96

0.18

27.10

20.45

0.18

Third

27.73

17.77

0.18

25.50

19.89

0.18

Fourth

23.78

16.45

0.18

29.80

23.61

0.18

Year

28.55

16.45

0.72

32.72

19.89

0.72

The number of shareholders at December 31, 2011 and 2010 equaled 487 and 507, respectively.


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		14

STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH

Comparison of Five-Year Cumulative Total Return

Standard & Poors 500, NYSE Composite and Morningstar’s Steel Industry

(Performance results through December 31, 2011)

Assumes $100 invested at the close of trading on the last trading day preceding January 1, 2007 in Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation common stock, Standard & Poors 500 Index, NYSE Composite Index and Morningstar’s Steel Industry group.

*Cumulative total return assumes reinvestment of dividends.

In the above graph, the Corporation has used Morningstar’s Steel Industry group for its peer comparison. The diversity of products produced by subsidiaries of the Corporation made it difficult to match to any one product-based peer group. Although not totally comparable, the Steel Industry group was chosen because the largest percentage of the Corporation’s sales is to the global steel industry.

Historical stock price performance shown on the above graph is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.


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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA


	Year Ended December 31,
(dollars, except per share amounts, and shares outstanding in thousands)		2011	2010	2009	2008	2007
Net sales		$ 344,816	$ 326,886	$ 299,177	$ 394,513	$ 346,834

Net income⁽¹⁾		21,309	15,456	27,677	12,575	39,231

Total assets⁽²⁾		531,632	526,963	471,825	488,981	404,392

Shareholders’ equity		192,872	196,777	179,202	144,987	187,730

Net income per common share:

Basic⁽¹⁾		2.07	1.51	2.71	1.24	3.90

Diluted		2.05	1.50	2.71	1.24	3.88

Per common share:

Cash dividends declared		0.72	0.72	0.72	0.72	0.60

Shareholders’ equity		18.68	19.10	17.49	14.25	18.45

Market price at year end		19.34	28.05	31.53	21.70	38.13

Weighted average common shares outstanding		10,319	10,254	10,200	10,177	10,046

Number of shareholders		487	507	545	566	593

Number of employees		1,240	1,264	1,231	1,306	1,323

(1)

Net income includes:

2010 – An after-tax charge of $12,931 or $1.26 per common share for estimated costs of asbestos-related litigation through 2020 net of estimated insurance recoveries (see Note 17 to Consolidated Financial Statements).

2009 – An after-tax charge of $2,831 or $0.28 per common share associated with the write-off of goodwill deemed to be impaired at one of the divisions of the Air and Liquid Processing segment and a reduction in the effective state income tax rate for which certain net deferred income tax assets will be realized.

2008 – An after-tax charge of $31,006 for estimated costs of asbestos-related litigation through 2018 net of estimated insurance recoveries (see Note 17 to Consolidated Financial Statements) offset by the release of $411 of tax-related valuation allowances associated with capital loss carryforwards for a net decrease to net income of $30,595 or $3.01 per common share.

2007 – A tax benefit of $714 or $0.07 per common share for the release of tax-related valuation allowances associated with capital loss carryforwards.

(2)

Total assets include asbestos-related insurance receivables of $126,419 for 2011, $142,089 for 2010, $115,430 for 2009, $136,176 for 2008 and $94,548 for 2007 (see Note 17 to Consolidated Financial Statements).


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		16

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation operates in two business segments – the Forged and Cast Rolls segment and the Air and Liquid Processing segment. The Forged and Cast Rolls segment consists of Union Electric Steel Corporation (“Union Electric Steel” or “UES”) and Union Electric Steel UK Limited (“UES-UK”). Union Electric Steel is one of the world’s largest manufacturers of forged-hardened steel rolls with principal operations in Pennsylvania and Indiana whereas UES-UK produces cast iron and steel rolls in England. Rolls are supplied to manufacturers of steel and aluminum throughout the world. The Air and Liquid Processing segment includes Aerofin, Buffalo Air Handling and Buffalo Pumps, all divisions of Air & Liquid Systems Corporation. Aerofin produces highly-engineered heat-exchange coils for a variety of users including electric utility, HVAC, power generation, industrial process and other manufacturing industries. Buffalo Air Handling makes custom-designed air handling systems for commercial, institutional and industrial building markets. Buffalo Pumps manufactures centrifugal pumps for the defense, refrigeration and power-generation industries. The segment has operations in Virginia and New York with headquarters in Pennsylvania. The segment distributes a significant portion of its products through a common independent group of sales offices located throughout the U.S. and Canada.

For the Forged and Cast Rolls segment, 2011 was adversely affected by low production volumes, weak demand and competitive pricing resulting in lower profits when compared to the prior year. Additionally, order backlog and profit in the backlog dropped as the year progressed. The segment operated between 80%—85% of normal capacity, versus 80%—90% in 2010, due to lower-than-normal worldwide demand caused by the reduction in production levels for our customers. For example, steel production activity hovered at 75% of capacity in North America and 70% of capacity in Europe (which, as a result of continued financial difficulties throughout the Euro zone, slipped by year end). Also, although working at a higher utilization rate than domestic and European producers, demand by customers in Asia, particularly in China, was soft due to excessive roll inventories on hand. This lower global demand along with additional roll supply coming on-stream in China and India created pricing competition resulting in discounting in order to obtain business and protect market share. For 2012, demand is expected to improve in North America and in Asia as excessive roll inventories are depleted but will likely remain weak in Europe. Competitive pricing pressures are likely to be ongoing. Furthermore, a continued weakening of the Euro, as compared to the U.S dollar and British pound, could result in a lower volume of exports and at reduced margins.

Union Electric Steel MG Roll Co., Ltd (“UES-MG”), the Chinese joint venture company in which a subsidiary of Union Electric Steel holds a 49% interest, continued with limited production of rolls during the year. The joint venture company principally manufactures and sells forged-hardened steel backup rolls of a size and weight currently not able to be produced by UES. Utilizing UES technology, rolls placed in service with customers in China and other parts of the world have achieved quality and performance results comparable with rolls manufactured by the segment. Even though a Chinese company, UES-MG faces the same market conditions and financial issues being experienced by the Forged and Cast Rolls segment.

Despite current business conditions, we remain confident about the future. As the western-world steel industry slowly recovers and excess roll inventories in developing economies are depleted, roll industry production levels, including the segment’s, will increase. Improved demand will also help alleviate pricing pressures. We believe the recently completed capital investment program and ongoing research and development efforts have successfully positioned the segment to endure current global business conditions and to take full advantage of improving conditions whenever they occur.

For the Air and Liquid Processing segment, 2011 benefited from a stronger beginning order backlog when compared to 2010 and a steady level of new orders throughout the year from most markets served. New construction spending by the institutional markets has yet to exhibit any signs of a recovery. Opening order backlog for 2012 approximates that of 2011. The focus for these companies is to continue to search for new product lines and to strengthen sales distribution networks.


		17		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OVERVIEW

The Corporation


	2011			2010			2009
Net Sales:
Forged and Cast Rolls	$	248,380	72%	$	240,345	74%	$	191,316	64%
Air and Liquid Processing		96,436	28%		86,541	26%		107,861	36%
Consolidated	$	344,816	100%	$	326,886	100%	$	299,177	100%
Income (Loss) from Operations:
Forged and Cast Rolls	$	38,761		$	48,674		$	45,282
Air and Liquid Processing⁽¹⁾		8,155			(12,605)			11,389
Corporate costs		(10,442)			(11,342)			(9,940)
Consolidated	$	36,474		$	24,727		$	46,731
Backlog:
Forged and Cast Rolls	$	214,449	82%	$	350,978	88%	$	468,500	93%
Air and Liquid Processing		45,552	18%		46,052	12%		32,811	7%
Consolidated	$	260,001	100%	$	397,030	100%	$	501,311	100%

(1)

Income (loss) from operations for the Air and Liquid Processing segment includes a provision for asbestos-related costs of $19,980 for 2010 (see Note 17 to Consolidated Financial Statements).

When compared to 2010, consolidated net sales improved in the current year due to higher volumes for the cast roll operation and for each division of the Air and Liquid Processing segment. The increase in consolidated net sales when compared to 2009 is attributable to the Forged and Cast Rolls segment. Consolidated income from operations for the current year improved from a year ago which included a pre-tax charge of $19,980 for asbestos-related costs. Otherwise, consolidated income from operations for 2011 would have been less than 2010 and 2009. A more detailed review by segment is included below. The variance in corporate costs between the years is primarily attributable to stock-based compensation costs.

Gross margin, excluding depreciation, as a percentage of net sales was 25.7%, 29.8%, and 32.2% for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The ongoing decrease is attributable to increasing raw material and utility costs and higher employee-related expenses.

Selling and administrative expenses totaled $41,887 (12.1% of net sales), $44,168 (13.5% of net sales) and $39,722 (13.3% of net sales) for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The decrease in 2011 from 2010 is primarily due to lower stock-based compensation costs and a decrease in commission expense attributable to the reduction in sales for the forged roll operation. The increase in 2010 from 2009 is primarily attributable to escalating pension-related expenses, stock-based compensation associated with a 2010 grant of stock options, and higher commissions and freight costs attributable to higher sales.

The increase in depreciation expense over the years is attributable to the completion of the capital investment program for the Forged and Cast Rolls group in mid-2010. Accordingly, depreciation expense for 2010 includes a partial year of depreciation on such assets and a full year of depreciation in 2011.

The goodwill impairment charge in 2009 represents the write-off of goodwill associated with one of the divisions of the Air and Liquid Processing segment. We do not have any other material intangible assets.

The charge for asbestos litigation in 2010 represents an extension of the estimated costs of pending and future asbestos claims, net of additional insurance recoveries, to the end of 2020. The claims result from alleged personal injury from exposure to asbestos-containing components historically used in some products manufactured decades ago by certain of our former subsidiary companies (now operated as divisions within the Air and Liquid Processing group). See Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Investment-related income for 2010 and 2009 includes a dividend from our Chinese cast roll joint venture of $1,084 and $812, respectively. No dividend was declared or received in 2011.

Other income (expense) fluctuated primarily as a result of changes in foreign exchange gains and losses and charges related to operations discontinued years ago. Gains (losses) on foreign exchange transactions approximated $(371), $655 and


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		18

$(1,960) for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and charges related to operations discontinued years ago equaled $(1,219), $(1,631) and $(614), respectively.

Our statutory income tax rate equals 35% which compares to an effective income tax rate of 37.2%, 35.3% and 38.0% for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. For 2011, the effective income tax rate was unfavorably impacted by the revaluation of net deferred income tax assets associated with a reduction in the statutory income tax rate for the U.K. operation and adjustments to deferred income tax assets, partially offset by benefits associated with changes in uncertain tax positions. For 2010, the effective income tax rate was favorably impacted by beneficial permanent differences for our domestic operations and reversal of a valuation allowance previously provided against deferred income tax assets associated with foreign tax credit carryforwards. Tax consequences related to certain foreign-sourced income and changes in state income tax rates offset the expected improvement. For 2009, the income tax provision includes an additional charge to recognize a reduction in the effective state income tax rate for which certain net deferred income tax assets will be realized.

Equity losses in Chinese joint venture represent Union Electric Steel’s share (49%) of the losses of UES-MG (see Note 2 to Consolidated Financial Statements). Since production by the joint venture is in its early stages, operating results have been insignificant.

As a result of the above, we earned $21,309 or $2.07 per common share for 2011, $15,456 or $1.51 per common share for 2010 and $27,677 or $2.71 per common share for 2009. Net income for 2010 includes an after-tax charge of $12,931 or $1.26 per common share for estimated costs of asbestos-related litigation through 2020 net of estimated insurance recoveries. Net income for 2009 includes an after-tax charge of $2,831 or $0.28 per common share for the write-off of goodwill deemed to be impaired at one of the divisions of the Air and Liquid Processing segment and a reduction in the effective state income tax rate for which certain net deferred income tax assets will be realized.

Forged and Cast Rolls


	2011		2010		2009
Net sales	$	248,380	$	240,345	$	191,316
Operating income	$	38,761	$	48,674	$	45,282
Backlog	$	214,449	$	350,978	$	468,500

While the segment was adversely affected by low production levels, weak demand and competitive pricing, net sales for the current year improved from a year ago due to an increase in the volume of shipments for our cast roll operation which benefited from increased market share. For 2010, net sales increased from 2009 due to a higher volume of shipments, particularly to our international customers. For both years, the expected contribution to operating income from the additional sales was offset by an ongoing escalation in costs for direct and indirect materials, fuels and employee-related costs. Additionally, with the completion of its capital investment program in mid-2010, operating results included a partial year of depreciation on such assets in 2010 and a full year of depreciation in 2011.

The decrease in backlog over the years is a reflective of weak demand resulting in shipments outpacing new orders and declining profitability in backlog. Additionally, the norm for the level of backlog was historically 6 to 12 months. However, beginning in 2005 with the surge in global steel production and to ensure continuity of supply, customers placed orders for rolling mill rolls out several years. In connection with the worldwide recession which began in the fourth quarter of 2008 and with sufficient orders placed, customers returned to more typical buying patterns. As of December 31, 2011, approximately $72,180 of the backlog is expected to be released after 2012. In addition, we have commitments of roughly $19,000 from customers under long-term supply arrangements which will be included in backlog upon receipt of specific purchase orders closer to the requirement dates for delivery.

Air and Liquid Processing


	2011		2010			2009
Net sales	$	96,436	$	86,541		$	107,861
Operating income (loss)	$	8,155	$	(12,605	)	$	11,389
Backlog	$	45,552	$	46,052		$	32,811

Income (loss) from operations for 2010 includes a charge for asbestos litigation of $19,980 relating to claims resulting from alleged personal injury from exposure to asbestos-containing equipment manufactured decades ago (see Note 17 to Consolidated Financial Statements). In addition, uninsured legal and case management and valuation costs associated with asbestos litigation approximated $918, $173 and $845 in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. In 2009, due to uncertainties in the industry, including when business activity would return to historical levels, and excess capacity in the market place, we


		19		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report

determined that the goodwill associated with one of the divisions of this segment was impaired and recorded a pre-tax charge of $2,694.

Sales for each of the divisions in the segment began to improve in the current year but remain below 2009 amounts. For Aerofin, sales and operating income improved in the current year when compared to the prior year as a result of an increase in the level of coil shipments to the general industrial and fossil fuel utility markets. While sales remain comparable to that of 2009, operating income for the current year is less due to a shift in product mix with 2009 including a higher portion of the higher-margin sales to the fossil fuel utility market. With respect to Buffalo Pumps, sales and operating income for 2011 improved against 2010 due to a higher volume of shipments to the power generation market and U.S. Navy shipbuilders. Although sales for the current year remain below 2009 levels, operating income improved slightly due to better margins on shipments for the U.S. Navy. In 2010, Buffalo Air Handling received a large order for a customer in medical research. A portion of the order shipped in the current year benefiting operating results when compared to 2010 and 2009.

Backlog for Aerofin improved at December 31, 2011 from the previous two year ends due to additional orders for replacement coils for customers in the fossil fuel utility market. Backlog for Buffalo Pumps is comparable to a year ago and higher than at December 31, 2009 due to additional orders for the U.S. Navy. Backlog for Buffalo Air Handling includes the balance of the large order for a customer in medical research which will ship 2012. The majority of the year-end backlog is currently scheduled to ship in 2012.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Net cash flows provided by operating activities for 2011 equaled $22,287 compared to $42,951 and $39,671 for 2010 and 2009, respectively. While the charge for asbestos litigation recorded in 2010 reduced earnings, it did not impact cash flows by that amount. Instead, the asbestos liability, net of insurance recoveries, will be paid over a number of years and will generate tax benefits. Net asbestos-related payments equaled $5,061, $5,129 and $9,175 in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and are expected to approximate $7,000 in 2012. Also, the goodwill impairment charge recorded in 2009 did not impact net cash flows provided by operating activities. Contributions to our pension and other postretirement plans approximated $9,400 in 2011 (of which $7,000 were voluntary contributions), $7,100 in 2010 (of which $5,000 were voluntary contributions), and $12,100 in 2009 (of which $10,000 were voluntary contributions). While required minimum contributions to our pension and other postretirement plans are expected to approximate $5,100 in 2012, further voluntarily contributions may be made. Additionally, the estimated minimum contribution to the U.S. pension plan in 2012 would have been higher if voluntary contributions had not been made to the plan. Accounts receivable increased as of December 31, 2011 when compared to 2010 and 2009 as a result of higher sales in the fourth quarter.

Net cash flows used in investing activities were $15,372, $33,163 and $50,200 in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, the majority of which represents expenditures relating to capital investment program for the Forged and Cast Rolls group which was completed in mid-2010. In 2010, UES-UK was awarded a government grant of up to $1,325 (£850) toward the purchase and installation of certain machinery and equipment of which $710 (£445) has been received. As of December 31, 2011, anticipated future capital expenditures are expected to approximate $8,326, the majority of which will be spent in 2012. During 2009, Union Electric Steel made its final contribution to the Chinese joint venture. Additionally, in 2009, monies were deposited in escrow and are being held as collateral for the outstanding foreign currency sales contracts of UES-UK. A portion of these monies was returned in 2010 and 2009 in connection with diminishing exposure and no further deposits have been required to date.

Net cash outflows from financing activities represent primarily the payment of dividends of $0.72 per common share during each of the years. Additionally, stock options were exercised each year resulting in proceeds from the issuance of common stock and excess tax benefits.

The effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents is primarily attributable to the fluctuation of the British pound against the U.S. dollar.

As a result of the above, cash and cash equivalents decreased by $133 in 2011 and ended the year at $69,888 (of which approximately $4,200 is held by foreign operations) in comparison to $70,021 and $66,441 at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Funds on hand and funds generated from future operations are expected to be sufficient to finance our operational and capital expenditure requirements. We also maintain short-term lines of credit in excess of the cash needs of our businesses. The total available at December 31, 2011 was approximately $9,200 (including £3,000 in the U.K. and €400 in Belgium).


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		20

We had the following contractual obligations outstanding as of December 31, 2011:


	Payments Due by Period
	Total		<1 year		1–3 years		3–5 years		>5 years		Other
Industrial Revenue Bond Debt⁽¹⁾	$	13,311	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	13,311	$	0
Operating Lease Obligations		2,909		872		1,485		494		58		0
Capital Expenditures		8,326		7,626		700		0		0		0
Pension and Other Postretirement
Benefit Obligations⁽²⁾		52,002		5,119		20,528		15,611		10,744		0
Purchase Obligations⁽³⁾		14,480		6,580		5,416		2,484		0		0
Unrecognized Tax Benefits⁽⁴⁾		311		0		0		0		0		311
Total	$	91,339	$	20,197	$	28,129	$	18,589	$	24,113	$	311

(1)

Amount represents principal only. Interest is not included since it is variable; interest rates averaged less than 1% in the current year. The Industrial Revenue Bonds begin to mature in 2020; however, if the bonds are unable to be remarketed they will be refinanced under a separate facility. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

(2)

Represents estimated contributions to our pension and other postretirement plans. Actual required contributions are contingent on a number of variables including future investment performance of the plans’ assets and may differ from these estimates. See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Contributions to the U.S. defined benefit plan are based on the projected funded status of the plan including anticipated normal costs, amortization of unfunded liabilities and an 8% expected return on plan assets. With respect to the U.K. defined benefit plan, the Trustees and UES-UK have agreed to a recovery plan that estimates the amount of employer contributions, based on U.K. regulations, necessary to eliminate the funding deficit of the plan over an agreed period.

(3)

Represents primarily commitments by one of our Forged and Cast Rolls subsidiaries for the purchase of natural gas through 2015 covering approximately 54% of anticipated needs to meet orders in backlog. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

(4)

Represents uncertain tax positions. Amount included as “Other” represents portion for which the period of cash settlement cannot be reasonably estimated. See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

With respect to environmental matters, we are currently performing certain remedial actions in connection with the sale of real estate previously owned. Settlements were paid by our insurance carriers at two-third party landfill sites where we were named a Potentially Responsible Party. In addition, as a result of a sale of a segment in 2003, we retained the liability to remediate certain environmental contamination and have agreed to indemnify the buyer against third-party claims arising from the discharge of certain contamination, the cost for which was accrued at the time of sale. Environmental exposures are difficult to assess and estimate for numerous reasons including lack of reliable data, the multiplicity of possible solutions, the years of remedial and monitoring activity required and the identification of new sites. However, we believe the potential liability for all environmental proceedings of approximately $1,289 accrued at December 31, 2011 is considered adequate based on information known to date (see Note 18 to Consolidated Financial Statements).

The nature and scope of our business brings us into regular contact with a variety of persons, businesses and government agencies in the ordinary course of business. Consequently, we and certain of our subsidiaries from time to time are named in various legal actions. Generally, we do not anticipate that our financial condition or liquidity will be materially affected by the costs of known, pending or threatened litigation. However, we, our subsidiaries and our divisions are involved in multiple claims for alleged personal injury from exposure to asbestos-containing components used in certain products and there can be no assurance that future claims will not present significantly greater and longer lasting financial exposure than presently contemplated (see Note 17 to Consolidated Financial Statements).

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

Our off-balance sheet arrangements include the operating lease and purchase obligations disclosed in the contractual obligations table and the letters of credit unrelated to the Industrial Revenue Bonds as discussed in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

EFFECTS OF INFLATION

While inflationary and market pressures on costs are likely to be experienced, it is anticipated that ongoing improvements in manufacturing efficiencies and cost savings efforts will mitigate the effects of inflation on 2012 operating results. The ability to pass on increases in the price of commodities to the customer is contingent upon current market conditions with us potentially having to absorb some portion of such increase. Product pricing for the Forged and Cast Rolls segment is reflective of current costs with a majority of orders subject to a variable-index surcharge program which helps to protect the segment and its customers against the volatility in the cost of certain raw materials. Additionally, long-term labor agreements exist at each of the key locations and commitments have been executed for natural gas usage to cover a portion of orders in the backlog.


		21		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report

APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

We have identified critical accounting policies that are important to the presentation of our financial condition, changes in financial condition and results of operations and involve the most complex or subjective assessments. Critical accounting policies relate to accounting for pension and other postretirement benefits, assessing recoverability of long-lived assets, litigation, environmental matters, income taxes and stock-based compensation.

Accounting for pension and other postretirement benefits involves estimating the cost of benefits to be provided well into the future and attributing that cost over the time period each employee works. To accomplish this, input from our actuary is evaluated and extensive use is made of assumptions about inflation, long-term rate of return on plan assets, mortality, rates of increases in compensation, employee turnover and discount rates.

The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is an estimate of average rates of earnings expected to be earned on funds invested or to be invested to provide for the benefits included in the projected benefit obligation. Since these benefits will be paid over many years, the expected long-term rate of return is reflective of current investment returns and investment returns over a longer period. Also, consideration is given to target and actual asset allocations, inflation and real risk-free return. We believe the expected long-term rate of return of 8% for our domestic plan and 6.39% for our foreign plan to be reasonable. Actual returns on plan assets for 2011 and 2010, respectively, approximated (1.90%) and 15.93% for our domestic plan and 2.80% and 10.27% for our foreign plan. Because of deteriorating conditions in the financial markets during the year, we do not believe current returns to be indicative of future investment returns.

The discount rates used in determining future pension obligations and other postretirement benefits for each of our plans are based on rates of return on high-quality fixed-income investments currently available and expected to be available during the period to maturity of the pension and other postretirement benefits. High-quality fixed-income investments are defined as those investments which have received one of the two highest ratings given by a recognized rating agency with maturities of 10+ years. We believe the assumed discount rates of 5% and 4.90% as of December 31, 2011 for our domestic and foreign plans, respectively, to be reasonable.

We believe that the amounts recorded in the accompanying consolidated financial statements related to pension and other postretirement benefits are based on appropriate assumptions although actual outcomes could differ. A percentage point decrease in the expected long-term rate of return would increase annual pension expense by approximately $1,600. A 1/4 percentage point decrease in the discount rate would increase projected and accumulated benefit obligations by approximately $7,300. Conversely, an increase in the expected long-term rate of return would decrease annual pension expense and an increase in the discount rate would decrease projected and accumulated benefit obligations (see Note 7 to Consolidated Financial Statements).

Property, plant and equipment are reviewed for recoverability whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the long-lived assets may not be recoverable. If the undiscounted cash flows generated from the use and eventual disposition of the assets are less than their carrying value, then the asset value may not be fully recoverable potentially resulting in a write-down of the asset value. Estimates of future cash flows are based on expected market conditions over the remaining useful life of the primary asset(s). Accordingly, assumptions are made about pricing, volume and asset-resale values. Actual results may differ from these assumptions. We believe the amounts recorded in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for property, plant and equipment are recoverable and are not impaired as of December 31, 2011.

Litigation and loss contingency accruals are made when it is determined that it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Specifically, we and certain of our subsidiaries are involved in various claims and lawsuits incidental to their businesses. In addition, claims have been asserted alleging Asbestos Liability and alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos-containing components historically used in some products of an inactive subsidiary in dissolution. Other than an accrual for certain deductible features of relevant insurance policies, prior to 2006, we had not accrued for settlement or defense costs for pending Asbestos Liability claims or Asbestos Liability claims that may be asserted in the future since we did not have sufficient information to make a reasonable estimate. To assist us in determining whether an estimate could be made of the potential liability for pending and unasserted future claims for Asbestos Liability along with applicable insurance coverage, and the amounts of any estimates, we hired a nationally-recognized asbestos-liability expert and insurance consultants. The asbestos-liability expert was not requested to estimate asbestos claims against the inactive subsidiary in dissolution, which we believe are immaterial. Based on their analyses, in 2006 and 2008, we established reserves for the probable and reasonably estimable costs of Asbestos Liabilities, including defense costs, through 2013 and 2018, respectively, and also established receivables for the insurance recoveries that were deemed probable. These amounts relied on assumptions which were based on currently known facts and strategy.


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		22

In 2010, we undertook another review of our Asbestos Liability claims, defense costs and the likelihood for insurance recoveries and determined that litigation costs net of insurance recoveries could be reasonably estimated through December 2020 causing an additional provision of $19,980. Actual expenses or insurance recoveries could be significantly higher or lower than those recorded if assumptions used in the calculations vary significantly from actual results. Key variables in these assumptions are summarized in Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and include the number and type of new claims to be filed each year, the average cost of disposing of each new claim, average annual defense costs, the resolution of coverage issues with insurance carriers, and the solvency risk with respect to the relevant insurance carriers. Other factors that may affect our Asbestos Liability and ability to recover under our insurance policies include uncertainties surrounding the litigation process from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and from case to case, reforms that may be made by state and federal courts, and the passage of state or federal tort reform legislation.

We intend to evaluate our estimated Asbestos Liability and related insurance receivables as well as the underlying assumptions on a regular basis to determine whether any adjustments to the estimates are required. Due to the uncertainties surrounding asbestos litigation and insurance, these regular reviews may result in the incurrence of future charges; however, we are currently unable to estimate such future charges. Adjustments, if any, to our estimate of our recorded Asbestos Liability and/or insurance receivables could be material to the operating results for the periods in which the adjustments to the liability or receivable are recorded, and to our liquidity and consolidated financial position.

Environmental exposures are difficult to assess and estimate for numerous reasons including lack of reliable data, the multiplicity of possible solutions, the years of remedial and monitoring activity required and the identification of new sites. We believe the potential liability for all environmental proceedings based on information known to date has been adequately reserved (see Note 18 to Consolidated Financial Statements).

Accounting for income taxes includes management’s evaluation of the underlying accounts, permanent and temporary differences, our tax filing positions and interpretations of existing tax law. A valuation allowance is recorded against deferred income tax assets to reduce them to the amount that is “more likely than not” to be realized. In doing so, assumptions are made about the future profitability of our operations and the nature of that profitability. Actual results may differ from these assumptions. If we determined we would not be able to realize all or part of the deferred income tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be established resulting in a charge to net income. Likewise, if we determined we would be able to realize deferred income tax assets in excess of the net amount recorded, we would release a portion of the existing valuation allowance resulting in an increase in net income. As of December 31, 2011, we have deferred income tax assets approximating $66,934 and a valuation allowance of $3,042.

We do not recognize a tax benefit in the financial statements related to a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return unless it is “more likely than not” that the tax authorities will sustain the tax position solely on the basis of the position’s technical merits. Consideration is given primarily to legislation and statutes, legislative intent, regulations, rulings and case law as well as their applicability to the facts and circumstances of the tax position when assessing the sustainability of the tax position. In the event a tax position no longer meets the “more likely than not” criteria, we would reverse the tax benefit by recognizing a liability and recording a charge to earnings. Conversely, if we subsequently determined that a tax position meets the “more likely than not” criteria, we would recognize the tax benefit by reducing the liability and recording a credit to earnings. As of December 31, 2011, based on information known to date, we believe the amount of unrecognized tax benefits of $311 for tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return which may be challenged by the tax authorities is adequate.

See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Accounting for stock-based compensation is based on the fair value of the stock options on the date of grant. The fair value is affected by our stock price and various assumptions including assumptions about the expected term of the options, volatility, dividends and the risk-free interest rate. If the fair value of granted stock options was re-determined, on a date other than the date of grant, the resulting fair value would differ. Accordingly, the fair value of stock options granted to date is not indicative of the fair value of stock options to be granted in the future (see Note 9 to Consolidated Financial Statements).

RECENTLY IMPLEMENTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In September 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2009-13, Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements, which addresses the accounting and revenue recognition of sales contracts with multiple products and/or services when such products and/or services are provided to the customer at different points in time or over different time periods. ASU 2009-13 requires the sales consideration to be allocated, at the inception of the arrangement, to each deliverable and/or service using the relative selling price method. ASU 2009-13 became effective prospectively for revenue arrangements entered into or materially modified on or after January 1, 2011 and did not have a significant impact on our


		23		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report

operating results, financial position or liquidity.

In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-09, Disclosures about an Employer’s Participation in a Multiemployer Plan. ASU 2011-09 provides for more detailed information about an employer’s financial obligations to a multiemployer benefits plan including whether contributions to the plan represent more than five percent of total contributions made to the plan by all contributing employers and the funded status of the plan. The additional disclosures are provided in Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement: Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. ASU 2011-04 is to be applied prospectively and is effective for us beginning in 2012. The guidance primarily changes the wording used to describe many of the requirements in U.S. GAAP for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements. It does not change the application of existing accounting principles and, accordingly, will not impact our operating results, financial position or liquidity.

In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05, Comprehensive Income, which eliminates the option to present other comprehensive income and its components as part of the Statement of Shareholders’ Equity. All non-owner changes in shareholders’ equity will be presented either in a single continuous statement along with net income or in a separate statement immediately following. ASU 2011-05 is to be applied retrospectively and is effective for us beginning in 2012. The guidance does not change whether items are reported in net income or other comprehensive income or when items in other comprehensive income are reclassified to net income; accordingly, ASU 2011-05 will not impact our operating results, financial position or liquidity.

In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-11, Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities, which requires expanded disclosures, including gross and net information, about financial and derivative instruments that are either offset in the balance sheet or are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and is to be applied retrospectively. The new guidance affects disclosures only and will not impact our operating results, financial position or liquidity.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by or on our behalf. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and other sections of the Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contain forward-looking statements that reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance.

Forward-looking statements are identified by the use of the words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “forecasts” and other expressions that indicate future events and trends. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made, are not guarantees of future performance or expectations, and involve risks and uncertainties. For us, these risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described under Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, there may be events in the future that we are not able to predict accurately or control which may cause actual results to differ materially from expectations expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, events or otherwise.


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		24

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We view our primary market risk exposures as relating to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. To manage certain foreign currency exchange exposures, our policy is to hedge a portion of our foreign currency denominated sales and receivables, primarily U.S. sales denominated in Euros and U.K. sales denominated in U.S. dollars and Euros. Although strengthening of the U.S. dollar could result in a lower volume of exports from the U.S. and at reduced margins, it is expected that some exports of our foreign operation may increase and gross margins might improve. Additionally, strengthening of the British pound could result in a lower volume of exports from the U.K. and at reduced margins; however, it is expected that exports for our domestic operations may increase and gross margins might improve. A weakening of the Euro, as compared to the U.S. dollar and British pound, could result in a lower volume of exports and at reduced margins.

To reduce the effect of price changes for certain of our raw materials and energy, we enter into contracts for particular commodities (copper and aluminum) and purchase a portion of our energy usage in advance. Based on estimated annual purchases, a 10% fluctuation in commodity prices (including electricity, natural gas not purchased in advance, steel scrap and ferroalloys) would have an impact of approximately $9,500 and $8,500 in 2011 and 2010, respectively, with the increase between the two years partially being attributable to higher raw material costs. There is no guarantee that fluctuations in commodity prices will be limited to 10%. The ability to pass on increases in the price of commodities to the customer is contingent upon current market conditions with us potentially having to absorb some portion of such increase. However, a sales price surcharge mechanism is in place with a majority of the customers of the Forged and Cast Rolls segment which helps to protect us against the volatility in the cost of certain raw materials.

See also Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.


		25		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


	December 31,

(in thousands, except par value)		2011			2010
Assets

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents	$	69,888		$	70,021

Receivables, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $141 in 2011 and $176 in 2010		59,211			46,734

Inventories		68,544			68,822

Insurance receivable – asbestos		18,000			18,000

Other current assets		12,888			13,656

Total current assets		228,531			217,233

Property, plant and equipment, net		150,240			145,591

Insurance receivable – asbestos		108,419			124,089

Deferred income tax assets		23,638			20,148

Investments in joint ventures		14,872			14,160

Other noncurrent assets		5,932			5,742

	$	531,632		$	526,963
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable	$	19,528		$	20,137

Accrued payrolls and employee benefits		10,983			11,690

Industrial Revenue Bond debt		13,311			13,311

Asbestos liability – current portion		25,000			25,000

Other current liabilities		20,337			19,582

Total current liabilities		89,159			89,720

Employee benefit obligations		75,257			44,114

Asbestos liability		172,872			193,603

Other noncurrent liabilities		1,472			2,749

Total liabilities		338,760			330,186
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 8)

Shareholders’ Equity:

Common stock – par value $1; authorized 20,000 shares; issued and outstanding 10,326 shares in 2011 and 10,305 shares in 2010		10,326			10,305

Additional paid-in capital		123,088			121,074

Retained earnings		138,748			124,872

Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(79,290	)		(59,474	)
Total shareholders’ equity		192,872			196,777

	$	531,632		$	526,963

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		26

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS


	For The Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands, except per share amounts)		2011			2010			2009
Net sales	$	344,816		$	326,886		$	299,177

Operating costs and expenses:

Costs of products sold (excluding depreciation)		256,030			229,528			202,769

Selling and administrative		41,887			44,168			39,722

Depreciation		10,153			8,565			7,150

Goodwill impairment charge		0			0			2,694

Charge for asbestos litigation		0			19,980			0

Loss (gain) on disposition of assets		272			(82	)		111
		308,342			302,159			252,446

Income from operations		36,474			24,727			46,731
Other income (expense):

Investment-related income		146			1,183			1,039

Interest expense		(315	)		(324	)		(312	)

Other – net		(1,578	)		(964	)		(2,569	)
		(1,747	)		(105	)		(1,842	)

Income before income taxes and equity losses in Chinese joint venture		34,727			24,622			44,889

Income tax provision		(12,916	)		(8,687	)		(17,050	)

Equity losses in Chinese joint venture		(502	)		(479	)		(162	)
Net income	$	21,309		$	15,456		$	27,677

Net income per common share:

Basic	$	2.07		$	1.51		$	2.71

Diluted		2.05			1.50			2.71

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:

Basic		10,319			10,254			10,200

Diluted		10,393			10,291			10,204

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


		27		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY


	Common Stock
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	Stated Capital		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss^(a)		Total
Balance January 1, 2009	$	10,177	$	113,471	$	96,481			$ (75,142)	$	144,987
Stock-based compensation				1,806							1,806
Comprehensive income:
Net income						27,677					27,677
Other comprehensive income^(a)									10,898		10,898

Comprehensive income											38,575
Issuance of common stock including excess tax benefits of $276		69		1,119							1,188
Cash dividends ($0.72 per share)						(7,354	)				(7,354	)
Balance December 31, 2009		10,246		116,396		116,804			(64,244)		179,202
Stock-based compensation				3,267							3,267
Comprehensive income:
Net income						15,456					15,456
Other comprehensive income^(a)									4,770		4,770

Comprehensive income											20,226
Issuance of common stock including excess tax benefits of $681		59		1,411							1,470
Cash dividends ($0.72 per share)						(7,388	)				(7,388	)
Balance December 31, 2010		10,305		121,074		124,872			(59,474)		196,777
Stock-based compensation				1,636							1,636
Comprehensive income:
Net income						21,309					21,309
Other comprehensive loss^(a)									(19,816)		(19,816	)

Comprehensive income											1,493
Issuance of common stock including excess tax benefits of $47		21		378							399
Cash dividends ($0.72 per share)						(7,433	)				(7,433	)
Balance December 31, 2011	$	10,326	$	123,088	$	138,748			$ (79,290)	$	192,872

(a)

The following table summarizes the components of other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income tax where appropriate:


	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			Unrecognized Components of Employee Benefit Plans			Derivatives			Unrealized Holding Gains (Losses) on Securities			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at January 1, 2009	$	(10,485	)	$	(64,271	)	$	(193	)	$	(193	)	$	(75,142	)
Reclassification adjustments		0			2,056			351			73			2,480
Changes		6,716			758			537			407			8,418
Balance at December 31, 2009		(3,769	)		(61,457	)		695			287			(64,244	)
Reclassification adjustments		0			3,085			(840	)		23			2,268
Changes		(1,620	)		2,511			1,344			267			2,502
Balance at December 31, 2010		(5,389	)		(55,861	)		1,199			577			(59,474	)
Reclassification adjustments		0			3,664			(383	)		13			3,294
Changes		653			(23,028	)		(707	)		(28	)		(23,110	)
Balance at December 31, 2011	$	(4,736	)	$	(75,225	)	$	109		$	562		$	(79,290	)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		28

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS


	For The Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2011			2010			2009
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	21,309		$	15,456		$	27,677
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation		10,153			8,565			7,150
Charge for asbestos litigation		0			19,980			0
Deferred income taxes		5,975			2,345			7,176
Pension and other postretirement benefits – expense in excess of contributions (contributions in excess of expense)		607			1,563			(5,889	)
Stock-based compensation		1,954			3,267			1,806
Change in provisions for bad debts and inventories		(24	)		186			551
Provision for environmental liabilities		303			871			475
Provision for warranties net of settlements		396			260			(41	)
Excess tax benefits from the exercise of stock options		(47	)		(681	)		(276	)
Goodwill impairment charge		0			0			2,694
Equity losses in Chinese joint venture		502			479			162
Loss on sale of marketable securities		0			35			112
Other – net		438			649			1,722
Changes in assets/liabilities:
Receivables		(12,852	)		(7,476	)		15,273
Inventories		301			385			(5,344	)
Other assets, including insurance receivable—asbestos		16,544			11,213			1,619
Accounts payable		(732	)		4,204			(1,001	)
Accrued payrolls and employee benefits		(582	)		909			(4,716	)
Other liabilities, including asbestos liability		(21,958	)		(19,259	)		(9,479	)
Net cash flows provided by operating activities		22,287			42,951			39,671
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment		(15,780	)		(35,001	)		(39,245	)
Investment in Chinese joint venture		0			0			(8,820	)
Collateral for outstanding foreign currency exchange contracts (Note 11)		0			0			(4,326	)
Return of collateral for outstanding foreign currency exchange contracts (Note 11)		0			1,543			2,163
Purchases of long-term marketable securities		(857	)		(497	)		(910	)
Proceeds from the sale of long-term marketable securities		776			454			819
Proceeds from U.K. government grant		484			226			0
Other		5			112			119
Net cash flows used in investing activities		(15,372	)		(33,163	)		(50,200	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Dividends paid		(7,429	)		(7,378	)		(7,341	)
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock		167			790			912
Excess tax benefits from the exercise of stock options		47			681			276
Net cash flows used in financing activities		(7,215	)		(5,907	)		(6,153	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		167			(301	)		1,516
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(133	)		3,580			(15,166	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		70,021			66,441			81,607
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	69,888		$	70,021		$	66,441
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Income tax payments	$	5,711		$	8,362		$	11,433
Interest payments		316			324			326
Non-cash investing activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment in accounts payable	$	2,418		$	2,201		$	1,145

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


		29		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Description of Business

Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation (the “Corporation”) operates in two business segments. The Forged and Cast Rolls segment consists of Union Electric Steel Corporation (“Union Electric Steel” or “UES”) and Union Electric Steel UK Limited (“UES-UK”). Union Electric Steel is one of the world’s largest manufacturers of forged-hardened steel rolls with principal operations in Pennsylvania and Indiana whereas UES-UK produces cast iron and steel rolls in England. Rolls are supplied to manufacturers of steel and aluminum throughout the world. The Air and Liquid Processing segment includes Aerofin, Buffalo Air Handling and Buffalo Pumps, all divisions of Air & Liquid Systems Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporation. Aerofin produces highly-engineered heat-exchange coils for a variety of users including electric utility, HVAC, power generation, industrial process and other manufacturing industries. Buffalo Air Handling makes custom-designed air handling systems for commercial, institutional and industrial building markets. Buffalo Pumps manufactures centrifugal pumps for the defense, refrigeration and power-generation industries. The segment has operations in Virginia and New York with headquarters in Pennsylvania. The segment distributes a significant portion of its products through a common independent group of sales offices located throughout the U.S. and Canada.

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

The Corporation’s accounting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to estimates and assumptions include valuing the assets and obligations related to employee benefit plans, assessing the carrying value of long-lived assets, accounting for loss contingencies associated with claims and lawsuits, estimating environmental liabilities, accounting for income taxes and estimating the fair value of stock options granted. Actual results could differ from those estimates. A summary of the significant accounting policies followed by the Corporation is presented below.

Consolidation

All subsidiaries are wholly owned and are included in the consolidated financial statements of the Corporation. Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. Investments in joint ventures whereby the Corporation owns 20% to 50% of the voting stock and has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the joint venture are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Investments in joint ventures whereby the Corporation does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the joint venture are accounted for using the cost method of accounting.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Securities with purchased original maturities of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. The Corporation maintains cash and cash equivalents at various financial institutions which may exceed federally insured amounts.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost includes the cost of raw materials, direct labor and overhead for those items manufactured but not yet sold or for which title has not yet transferred. Fixed production overhead is allocated to inventories based on normal capacity of the production facilities. In periods of abnormally high production, the amount of fixed overhead allocated to each unit of production is decreased so that inventories are not measured above cost. The amount of fixed overhead allocated to inventories is not increased as a consequence of abnormally low production or idle plant. Costs for abnormal amounts of spoilage, handling costs and freight costs are charged to expense when incurred. Cost of domestic raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods inventories is primarily determined by the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method. Cost of domestic supplies and foreign inventories is determined primarily by the first-in, first-out method.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost with depreciation computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives: land improvements – 15 to 20 years, buildings – 25 to 50 years and machinery and equipment – 3 to 25 years. Expenditures that extend economic useful lives are capitalized. Routine maintenance is charged to expense. Gains or losses are recognized on retirements or disposals. Property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. If the undiscounted cash flows generated from the use and eventual disposition of the assets are less than their carrying value, then the asset value may not be fully recoverable potentially resulting in a write-down of the asset value. Estimates of future cash flows are based on expected market conditions over the remaining useful life of the primary asset(s). Proceeds from


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		30

government grants are recorded as a reduction in the purchase price of the underlying assets and amortized against depreciation over the lives of the related assets.

Product Warranty

Provisions for product warranties are recognized at the time the underlying sale is recorded. The provision is based on historical experience as a percentage of sales adjusted for potential claims when a liability is probable and for known claims.

Employee Benefit Plans

Funded Status

If the fair value of the plan assets exceeds the projected benefit obligation, the over-funded projected benefit obligation is recognized as an asset (prepaid pensions) on the consolidated balance sheet. Conversely, if the projected benefit obligation exceeds the fair value of plan assets, the under-funded projected benefit obligation is recognized as a liability (employee benefit obligations) on the consolidated balance sheet. Gains and losses arising from the difference between actuarial assumptions and actual experience and unamortized prior service costs are recorded within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and presented net of income tax.

Net Periodic Pension and Other Postretirement Costs

Net periodic pension and other postretirement costs includes service cost, interest cost, expected rate of return on the market-related value of plan assets, amortization of prior service costs and recognized actuarial gains or losses. When actuarial gains or losses exceed 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligations or the market-related value of plan assets, they are amortized to net periodic pension and other postretirement costs over the average remaining service period of employees expected to receive benefits under the plans. When the gains or losses are less than 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligations or the market-related value of plan assets, they are included in net periodic pension and other postretirement costs indirectly as a result of lower/higher interest costs arising from a decrease/increase in the projected benefit obligation. The market-related value of plan assets is determined using a five-year moving average which recognizes 20% of unrealized capital gains and losses.

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Other comprehensive income (loss) includes changes in assets and liabilities from non-owner sources including foreign currency translation adjustments, changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and effective as cash flow hedges, unrealized holding gains and losses on securities designated as available for sale, and unamortized prior service costs and unrecognized actuarial gains and losses associated with employee benefit plans. Certain components of other comprehensive income (loss) are presented net of income tax. Foreign currency translation adjustments exclude the effect of income taxes since earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries are deemed to be reinvested for an indefinite period of time.

Reclassification adjustments are amounts which are realized during the year and, accordingly, are deducted from other comprehensive income (loss) in the period in which they are included in net income or when a transaction no longer qualifies as a cash flow hedge. Foreign currency translation adjustments are included in net income upon sale or upon complete or substantially complete liquidation of an investment in a foreign entity. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are included in net income when the projected sale occurs or, if a foreign currency purchase contract, over the estimated useful life of the underlying asset. Unrealized holding gains and losses on securities are included in net income when the underlying security is sold. Unamortized prior service costs and unrecognized actuarial gains and losses associated with employee benefit plans are included in net income either indirectly as a result of lower/higher interest costs arising from a decrease/increase in the projected benefit obligation or over the average remaining service period of employees expected to receive benefits under the plans.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from sales is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. Persuasive evidence of an arrangement identifies the final understanding between the parties as to the specific nature and terms of the agreed-upon transaction that creates enforceable obligations. It can be in the form of an executed purchase order from the customer, sales agreement issued by the Corporation or a similar arrangement deemed to be normal and customary business practice for that particular customer or class of customer (collectively, a sales agreement).

Delivery and performance is considered to have occurred when the customer has taken title and assumed the risks and rewards of ownership of the product. Typically this occurs when the product is shipped to the customer (i.e., FOB shipping point), delivered to the customer (i.e., FOB destination), or, for foreign sales, in accordance with trading guidelines known as


		31		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report

Incoterms. Incoterms are standard trade definitions used in international contracts and are developed, maintained and promoted by the ICC Commission on Commercial Law and Practice.

The sales price required to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable from the sales agreement. It is not subject to refund or adjustment except for a variable-index surcharge provision which increases or decreases, as applicable, the selling price of a rolling mill roll for corresponding changes in the published index cost of certain raw materials. The variable-index surcharge is recognized as revenue when the corresponding revenue for the inventory is recognized. Likelihood of collectability is assessed prior to acceptance of an order. There are no customer-acceptance provisions other than customer inspection and testing prior to shipment. Post-shipment obligations are insignificant.

Amounts billed to the customer for shipping and handling are recorded within net sales and the related costs are recorded within costs of products sold (excluding depreciation). Amounts billed for taxes assessed by various government authorities (e.g. sales tax, value-added tax, etc.) are excluded from the determination of net income and instead are recorded as a liability until remitted to the government authority.

Foreign Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities of the Corporation’s foreign operations are translated at year-end exchange rates and the statements of operations are translated at the average exchange rates for the year. Gains or losses resulting from translating foreign currency financial statements are accumulated as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the entity is sold or substantially liquidated.

Financial Instruments

Derivative instruments which include forward exchange (for foreign currency sales and purchases) and futures contracts are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as either an asset or a liability measured at their fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the use of the derivative. To the extent that a derivative is designated and effective as a cash flow hedge of an exposure to future changes in value, the change in the fair value of the derivative is deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Any portion considered to be ineffective, including that arising from the unlikelihood of an anticipated transaction to occur, is reported as a component of earnings (other income/expense) immediately.

Upon occurrence of the anticipated sale, the foreign currency sales contract designated and effective as a cash flow hedge is de-designated as a fair value hedge and the change in fair value previously deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is reclassified to earnings (net sales) with subsequent changes in fair value recorded as a component of earnings (other income/expense). Upon occurrence of the anticipated purchase, the foreign currency purchase contract is settled and the change in fair value deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is reclassified to earnings (depreciation expense) over the life of the underlying assets. Upon settlement of a futures contract, the change in fair value deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is reclassified to earnings (costs of products sold, excluding depreciation) when the corresponding inventory is sold and revenue is recognized. To the extent that a derivative is designated and effective as a hedge of an exposure to changes in fair value, the change in the derivative’s fair value will be offset in the statement of operations by the change in the fair value of the item being hedged and is recorded as a component of earnings (other income/expense). Cash flows associated with the derivative instruments are recorded as a component of operating activities on the consolidated statement of cash flows.

The Corporation does not enter into derivative transactions for speculative purposes and, therefore, holds no derivative instruments for trading purposes.

Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. A hierarchy of inputs is used to determine fair value measurements with three levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and are considered the most reliable evidence of fair value. Level 2 inputs are observable prices that are not quoted on active exchanges. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs used for measuring the fair value of assets or liabilities.

Stock-Based Compensation

Compensation expense is recognized for stock-based compensation awards over the requisite service period based on the estimated fair value of the award as of the date of grant calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Fair value is affected by the Corporation’s stock price and various assumptions including assumptions about the expected term of the options, volatility, dividends and the risk-free interest rate. The expected life of the options is estimated by considering historical exercise experience of the employee group and the vesting period of the awards. The expected volatility is based on


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		32

the historical prices of the Corporation’s stock and dividend amounts over the expected life of the stock options. The expected dividend yield is based on a dividend amount giving consideration to the Corporation’s past pattern and future expectations of dividend increases over the expected life of the options. The risk-free interest rate is equal to the yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues at the date of grant with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the options.

Legal Costs

Legal costs expected to be incurred in connection with loss contingencies are accrued when such costs are probable and estimable.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are recognized during the year in which transactions enter into the determination of financial statement income. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the book carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities including net operating loss carryforwards. Unremitted earnings of the Corporation’s non-US subsidiaries and affiliates are deemed to be permanently reinvested and, accordingly, no deferred income tax liability is recorded. A valuation allowance is provided against a deferred income tax asset when it is “more likely than not” the asset will not be realized. Similarly, if a determination is made that it is “more likely than not” the deferred income tax asset will be realized, the related valuation allowance would be reduced and a benefit to earnings would be recorded. Penalties and interest are recognized as a component of the income tax provision.

Tax benefits are recognized in the financial statements for tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return when it is “more likely than not” that the tax authorities will sustain the tax position solely on the basis of the position’s technical merits. Consideration is given primarily to legislation and statutes, legislative intent, regulations, rulings and case law as well as their applicability to the facts and circumstances of the tax position when assessing the sustainability of the tax position. In the event a tax position no longer meets the “more likely than not” criteria, the tax benefit is reversed by recognizing a liability and recording a charge to earnings. Conversely, if a tax position subsequently meets the “more likely than not” criteria, a tax benefit would be recognized by reducing the liability and recording a credit to earnings.

Earnings Per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The computation of diluted earnings per common share is similar to basic earnings per common share except that the denominator is increased to include the dilutive effect of the net additional common shares that would have been outstanding assuming exercise of outstanding stock options, calculated using the treasury stock method. The weighted average number of common shares outstanding assuming exercise of the stock options was 10,393,159 for 2011, 10,290,824 for 2010 and 10,204,292 for 2009.

Recently Implemented Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement: Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. ASU 2011-04 is to be applied prospectively and is effective for the Corporation beginning in 2012. The guidance primarily changes the wording used to describe many of the requirements in U.S. GAAP for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements. It does not change the application of existing accounting principles and, accordingly, will not impact the operating results, financial position or liquidity of the Corporation.

In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05, Comprehensive Income, which eliminates the option to present other


		33		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report

comprehensive income and its components as part of the Statement of Shareholders’ Equity. All non-owner changes in shareholders’ equity will be presented either in a single continuous statement along with net income or in a separate statement immediately following. ASU 2011-05 is to be applied retrospectively and is effective for the Corporation beginning in 2012. The guidance does not change whether items are reported in net income or other comprehensive income or when items in other comprehensive income are reclassified to net income; accordingly, ASU 2011-05 will not impact the operating results, financial position or liquidity of the Corporation.

In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-11, Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities, which requires expanded disclosures, including gross and net information, about financial and derivative instruments that are either offset in the balance sheet or are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and is to be applied retrospectively. The new guidance affects disclosures only and will not impact the operating results, financial position or liquidity of the Corporation.

NOTE 2 – INVESTMENTS IN JOINT VENTURES:

In 2007, a subsidiary of UES entered into an agreement with Maanshan Iron & Steel Company Limited (Maanshan) to form a joint venture company in China. UES owns 49% of the joint venture company and Maanshan owns 51%. Both companies contributed cash for its respective interests. The joint venture company principally manufactures and sells forged backup rolling mill rolls of a size and weight currently not able to be produced by UES. Limited production began in 2010. UES has exclusive marketing and sales rights and earned $191 in commissions during 2011 of which $50 is outstanding as of December 31, 2011. No commissions were earned in 2010. UES has not guaranteed any of the obligations of the joint venture; accordingly, its maximum exposure of loss is limited to its investment. Since UES is the minority shareholder and allocation of earnings and voting rights are proportional to ownership interests, UES is not considered the primary beneficiary and, accordingly, accounts for its 49% interest in the joint venture under the equity method of accounting.

Assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity of the joint venture as of September 30, 2011 and 2010 are summarized below. Losses of the joint venture approximated $(1,024), $(979) and $(331) for the twelve month period ended September 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, of which the Corporation has recognized its share (or 49%) in its consolidated statement of operations. Because the joint venture is in its initial stages of manufacturing, the joint venture is financed primarily with external debt.


	2011		2010
Assets:
Current assets	$	12,965	$	11,987
Noncurrent assets		41,916		26,651
Total assets	$	54,881	$	38,638
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity:
Current liabilities	$	7,609	$	934
Noncurrent liabilities		17,077		7,808
Shareholders’ Equity		30,195		29,896
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	54,881	$	38,638

The Corporation also has a 25% investment in a Chinese cast roll joint venture company which is recorded at cost, or $1,340. The Corporation does not participate in the management or daily operation of the joint venture company, has not guaranteed any of its obligations and has no ongoing responsibilities to it. Dividends may be declared by the Board of Directors of the joint venture company after allocation of after-tax profits to various “funds” equal to the minimum amount required under Chinese law. No dividends were declared or received in 2011. Dividends declared and received in 2010 and 2009 approximated $1,084 and $812, respectively.

NOTE 3 – INVENTORIES:


	2011		2010
Raw materials	$	20,798	$	17,900
Work-in-progress		29,314		32,169
Finished goods		7,835		7,619
Supplies		10,597		11,134
	$	68,544	$	68,822

At December 31, 2011 and 2010 approximately 62% and 60%, respectively, of the inventories was valued using the LIFO method. The LIFO reserve approximated $(29,702) and $(22,031) at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. During each of the years, inventory quantities decreased resulting in a liquidation of LIFO layers which were at lower costs. The effect of the liquidations was to decrease costs of products sold (excluding depreciation) by approximately $1,127, $645 and $274 for


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		34

2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, which increased net income by approximately $733 or $0.07 per common share for 2011, $420 or $0.04 per common share for 2010 and $178 or $0.02 per common share for 2009.

NOTE 4 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:


	2011			2010
Land and land improvements	$	4,974		$	4,910
Buildings		41,433			41,341
Machinery and equipment		224,426			211,439
Construction-in-process		12,446			11,938
Other		8,419			7,782
		291,698			277,410
Accumulated depreciation		(141,458	)		(131,819	)
	$	150,240		$	145,591

Land and buildings of UES-UK (equal to approximately $1,299 at December 31, 2011) are held as collateral by the trustees of the UES-UK contributory defined benefit pension plan (see Note 7).

NOTE 5 – OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES:


	2011		2010
Customer-related liabilities	$	10,506	$	9,903
Accrued sales commissions		2,245		2,266
Other		7,586		7,413
	$	20,337	$	19,582

Customer-related liabilities include liabilities for product warranty claims and deposits received on future orders. The following summarizes changes in the liability for product warranty claims for each of the years ended December 31.


	2011			2010			2009
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	5,113		$	4,929		$	4,724
Satisfaction of warranty claims		(2,691	)		(1,727	)		(1,861	)
Provision for warranty claims		3,087			1,987			1,820
Other, primarily impact from changes in foreign currency exchange rates		(11	)		(76	)		246
Balance at the end of the year	$	5,498		$	5,113		$	4,929

NOTE 6 – BORROWING ARRANGEMENTS:

The Corporation maintains short-term lines of credit of approximately $9,200 (including £3,000 in the U.K. and €400 in Belgium). No amounts were outstanding under these lines of credit as of December 31, 2011 and 2010.

As of December 31, 2011, the Corporation had the following Industrial Revenue Bonds (IRBs) outstanding: (1) $4,120 tax-exempt IRB maturing in 2020, interest at a floating rate which averaged 0.30% during the current year; (2) $7,116 taxable IRB maturing in 2027, interest at a floating rate which averaged 0.30% during the current year and (3) $2,075 tax-exempt IRB maturing in 2029, interest at a floating rate which averaged 0.32% during the current year. The IRBs are remarketed periodically at which time interest rates are reset. The IRBs are secured by letters of credit of equivalent amounts. The letter of credit agreements require, among other things, maintenance of a minimum net worth and prohibit a leverage ratio in excess of a stipulated amount. The Corporation was in compliance with the applicable bank covenants as of December 31, 2011.

Despite principal not beginning to become due until 2020, the IRBs can be put back to the Corporation on short notice if, although considered remote by the Corporation and its bankers, the bonds cannot be remarketed. At that time, the bondholders can seek reimbursement from the letters of credit. As provided by a separate agreement with the Corporation’s bank, funding of the letters of credit, if so drawn against, would be satisfied with equal and immediate borrowings under a separate IRB Standby Letter of Credit facility (the “Facility”). The Facility expires on August 1, 2013 and is expected to be renewed annually to provide for a continual term of greater than one year. However, the Facility includes language regarding “material adverse change” to the Corporation’s business which could result in it being called or cancelled at the bank’s discretion; accordingly, the IRBs remain classified as a current liability. The availability under the Facility is $13,566, equal to the letters of credit, and as of December 31, 2011 no amounts were outstanding.


		35		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report

NOTE 7 – PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS:

Pension Plans

The Corporation has a qualified defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all of its U.S. employees. Generally, benefits are based on years of service multiplied by either a fixed amount or a percentage of compensation. For its U.S. pension plan covered by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), the Corporation’s policy is to fund at least the minimum actuarially computed annual contribution required under ERISA. Although no minimum contributions were required, voluntary contributions of $7,000, $5,000 and $10,000 were made in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Minimum contributions in 2012 are expected to approximate $2,400 but may differ from the actual amount required as a result of plan’s asset performance. Additionally, such amount may have been higher if the voluntary contributions to the plan would not have been made. Estimated benefit payments for subsequent years are $8,019 for 2012, $8,449 for 2013, $8,840 for 2014, $9,238 for 2015, $9,629 for 2016 and $55,218 for 2017 – 2021. The fair value of the plan’s assets as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 approximated $133,403 and $135,730, respectively, in comparison to accumulated benefit obligations of $161,126 and $142,591 for the same periods.

Employees of UES-UK participate in a contributory defined benefit pension plan that was curtailed effective December 31, 2004 and replaced with a defined contribution pension plan. The UES-UK plans are non-U.S. plans and therefore are not covered by ERISA. Instead, the Trustees and UES-UK have agreed to a recovery plan that estimates the amount of employer contributions, based on U.K. regulations, necessary to eliminate the funding deficit of the plan over an agreed period with such estimates subject to change based on the future investment performance of the plan’s assets. Employer contributions to the contributory defined benefit pension plan approximated $1,693, $1,420 and $1,431 in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and are expected to approximate $1,745 in 2012. The fair value of the plan’s assets as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 approximated $36,436 (£23,443) and $34,836 (£22,332), respectively, in comparison to accumulated benefit obligations of $50,698 (£32,620) and $47,009 (£30,136) for the same periods. Estimated benefit payments for subsequent years are $1,460 for 2012, $1,011 for 2013, $1,287 for 2014, $1,552 for 2015, $1,464 for 2016 and $12,018 for 2017 – 2021. Contributions to the defined contribution pension plan approximated $415, $337 and $275 in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and are expected to approximate $450 in 2012.

The Corporation also maintains a nonqualified defined benefit pension plan to provide supplemental retirement benefits for selected executives in addition to benefits provided under the Corporate-sponsored pension plans. The assets are held in a grantor tax trust known as a “Rabbi” trust; accordingly, the assets are subject to claims of the Corporation’s creditors, but otherwise must be used only for purposes of providing benefits under the plan. No contributions were made to the trust in 2009–2011 and none are expected in 2012. The fair market value of the trust at December 31, 2011 and 2010, which is included in other noncurrent assets, was $3,090 and $3,097, respectively. Changes in the fair market value of the trust are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). The plan is treated as a non-funded pension plan for financial reporting purposes. Accumulated benefit obligations approximated $1,698 and $1,785 at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Estimated benefit payments for subsequent years are approximately $55 for 2012, $59 for 2013, $63 for 2014, $64 for 2015, $65 for 2016 and $1,492 for 2017–2021, assuming expected retirement of the participants.

Employees at one location participate in a multi-employer plan, I.A.M. National Pension Fund, in lieu of the Corporation’s defined benefit pension program. A multi-employer plan generally receives contributions from two or more unrelated employers pursuant to one or more collective-bargaining agreements. The assets contributed by one employer may be used to fund the benefits provided to employees of other employers in the plan because the plan assets, once contributed, are not restricted to individual employers. The latest report of summary plan information (for the 2008 plan year) provided by I.A.M. National Pension Fund indicates:

•

1,174 employers contribute to the plan and in excess of 100,000 employees participate in the plan

•

Assets of nearly $9 billion and a funded status of approximately 97%.

Less than 100 of the Corporation’s employees participate in the plan and contributions are based on a rate per hour. The Corporation’s contributions equaled $246, $232 and $187 in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and represent less than five percent of total contributions to the plan by all contributing employers. Contributions are expected to approximate $285 in 2012.

Other Postretirement Benefits

The Corporation provides postretirement health care benefits principally to the bargaining groups of one subsidiary. The plan covers participants and their spouses and/or dependents who retire under the existing pension plan on other than a deferred vested basis and at the time of retirement have also rendered 15 or more years of continuous service irrespective of age. Other


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		36

health care benefits are provided to retirees under plans no longer being offered by the Corporation. Retiree life insurance is provided to substantially all retirees. Postretirement benefits with respect to health care are subject to certain Medicare offsets. The Corporation also provides health care and life insurance benefits to former employees of certain discontinued operations. This obligation had been estimated and provided for at the time of disposal. The Corporation’s postretirement health care and life insurance plans are not funded or subject to any minimum regulatory funding requirements. Estimated benefit payments for subsequent years, which would represent Corporate contributions, are approximately $918 for 2012, $944 for 2013, $970 for 2014, $987 for 2015, $1,004 for 2016, and $5,670 for 2017 – 2021.

Reconciliations

The following provides a reconciliation of projected benefit obligations, plan assets, the funded status of the plans and the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets for the Corporation’s defined benefit plans calculated using a measurement date as of the end of the respective years.


	U.S. Pension Benefits^(a)						Foreign Pension Benefits						Other Postretirement Benefits
		2011			2010			2011			2010			2011			2010
Change in projected benefit obligations:
Projected benefit obligations at January 1	$	153,595		$	147,190		$	47,009		$	45,027		$	17,058		$	14,469
Service cost		3,115			2,868			0			0			643			482
Interest cost		8,867			8,525			2,589			2,482			1,020			924
Plan amendments		153			0			0			0			0			0
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		0			0			(298	)		(1,545	)		0			0
Actuarial loss		16,121			1,894			2,321			2,157			4,277			1,808
Participant contributions		0			0			0			0			495			474
Benefits paid from plan assets		(6,992	)		(6,837	)		(923	)		(1,112	)		0			0
Benefits paid by the Corporation		(45	)		(45	)		0			0			(1,145	)		(1,099	)
Projected benefit obligations at December 31	$	174,814		$	153,595		$	50,698		$	47,009		$	22,348		$	17,058
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at January 1	$	135,730		$	119,466		$	34,836		$	32,427		$	0		$	0
Actual return on plan assets		(2,335	)		18,101			1,014			3,206			0			0
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		0			0			(184	)		(1,105	)		0			0
Corporate contributions		7,045			5,045			1,693			1,420			650			625
Participant contributions		0			0			0			0			495			474
Gross benefits paid		(7,037	)		(6,882	)		(923	)		(1,112	)		(1,145	)		(1,099	)
Fair value of plan assets at December 31	$	133,403		$	135,730		$	36,436		$	34,836		$	0		$	0
Funded status of the plans:
Fair value of plan assets	$	133,403		$	135,730		$	36,436		$	34,836		$	0		$	0
Less benefit obligations		174,814			153,595			50,698			47,009			22,348			17,058
Funded status at December 31	$	(41,411	)	$	(17,865	)	$	(14,262	)	$	(12,173	)	$	(22,348	)	$	(17,058	)

(a)

Includes the non-qualified defined benefit pension plan.


	U.S. Pension Benefits						Foreign Pension Benefits						Other Postretirement Benefits
		2011			2010			2011			2010			2011			2010
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets:
Employee benefit obligations:
Accrued payrolls and employee benefits (current)	$	(53	)	$	(160	)	$	(1,905	)	$	(1,953	)	$	(881	)	$	(984	)
Employee benefit obligations (noncurrent)		(41,358	)		(17,705	)		(12,357	)		(10,220	)		(21,467	)		(16,074	)
	$	(41,411	)	$	(17,865	)	$	(14,262	)	$	(12,173	)	$	(22,348	)	$	(17,058	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (pre-tax):
Net actuarial loss	$	78,307		$	54,428		$	23,848		$	20,903		$	7,098		$	3,085
Prior service cost		2,825			3,328			0			0			312			389
Total (pre-tax)	$	81,132		$	57,756		$	23,848		$	20,903		$	7,410		$	3,474

Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2011 expected to be recognized in net periodic pension and other postretirement costs in 2012 include:


	U.S. Pension Benefits	Foreign Pension Benefits	Other Postretirement Benefits
Net actuarial loss	$ 6,124	$ 585	$ 412
Prior service cost	668	0	87
	$ 6,792	$ 585	$ 499


		37		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report

Investment Policies and Strategies

The investment policies and strategies are determined and monitored by the Investment Committee of the Board of Directors for the U.S. pension plan and by the Trustees (as appointed by UES-UK and the employees of UES-UK) for the foreign pension plan, each of whom employ their own investment managers to manage the plan’s assets in accordance with the policy guidelines. Pension assets are invested with the objective of maximizing long-term returns while minimizing material losses to meet future benefit obligations as they become due. Investments in equity securities are primarily in common stocks of publicly-traded U.S. and international companies across a broad spectrum of industry sectors. Investments in fixed-income securities are principally A-rated or better bonds with maturities of less than ten years, preferred stocks and convertible bonds. The Corporation believes there are no significant concentrations of risk associated with the Plans’ assets.

Attempts to minimize risk include allowing temporary changes to the allocation mix in response to market conditions, diversifying investments among asset categories (e.g., equity securities, fixed-income securities, alternative investments, cash and cash equivalents) and within these asset categories (e.g., economic sector, industry, geographic distribution, size) and consulting with independent financial and legal counsels to assure that the investments and their expected returns and risks are consistent with the goals of the Investment Committee or Trustees.

With respect to the U.S. pension plan, the following investments are prohibited unless otherwise approved by the Investment Committee: stock of the Corporation, venture capital, private placements, future and options except for hedging purposes, unregistered or restricted stock, warrants, margin trading, limited partnerships, short-selling, real estate excluding public or real estate partnerships and commodities including art, jewelry and gold. The foreign plan invests in specific funds. Any investments other than those specifically identified would be considered prohibited.

The following summarizes target asset allocations (within +/-5% considered acceptable) and major asset categories. Certain investments are classified differently for target asset allocation purposes and external reporting purposes.


	U.S. Pension Benefits			Foreign Pension Benefits
	Target Allocation Dec. 31, 2011	Percentage of Plan Assets		Target Allocation Dec. 31, 2011	Percentage of Plan Assets
	Target Allocation Dec. 31, 2011	2011	2010	Target Allocation Dec. 31, 2011	2011	2010
Equity Securities	65%	65%	74%	50%	47%	53%
Fixed-Income Securities	15%	19%	19%	40%	43%	38%
Alternative Investments	15%	14%	5%	10%	9%	9%
Other (primarily cash and cash equivalents)	5%	2%	2%	0%	1%	0

Fair Value Measurement of Plan Assets

Equity securities and mutual funds are actively traded on exchanges and price quotes for these investments are readily available. Similarly, corporate debt and preferred securities consist of fixed income securities of U.S. and U.K. corporations and price quotes for these investments are readily available. Common collective trust and commingled funds are not traded publicly, but the underlying assets (such as stocks and bonds) held in these funds are traded on active markets and the prices for the underlying assets are readily observable. For securities not actively traded, the fair value may be based on third-party appraisals, discounted cash flow analysis, benchmark yields and inputs that are currently observable in markets for similar securities.


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		38

Investment Strategies

The significant investment strategies of the various funds are summarized below.



Fund	Investment Strategy	Primary Investment Objective
Temporary Investment Funds	Invests primarily in a diversified portfolio of investment grade money market instruments.	Achieve a high level of current income while maintaining stability of principal and liquidity.
Various Equity Funds	Each fund maintains a diversified holding in common stock of applicable companies (e.g. common stock of small capitalization companies if a small-cap fund, common stock of medium capitalization companies if a mid-cap fund, common stock of foreign corporations if an international fund, etc.).	Outperform the fund’s related index.
Pooled Funds	Invests primarily in common stocks and other equity securities of issuers organized or conducting business in countries other than the United States.	Exceed the return of the corresponding Morgan Stanley Index.
Various Growth and Value Funds	Invests primarily in common stocks and other equity securities generally traded on a major U.S. exchange or via the NASDAQ Stock Market.	Exceed the return of the Russell 2500 Growth Index or Value Index, as applicable, over a market cycle.
Return Fund	Invests at least 65% of its assets in a diversified portfolio of fixed income securities of varying maturities.	Outperform the Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Index.
Alternative Investments – Limited Partnerships	Invests in equities and equity-like asset classes and strategies, such as public equities, venture capital, private equity, real estate, natural resources and hedged strategies.	Generate a minimum annual inflation adjusted return of 5% and outperform a traditional 70/30 equities/bond portfolio.
Alternative Investments – Hedge and Absolute Return Funds	Invests in a diversified portfolio of alternative investment styles and strategies.	Generate long-term capital appreciation while maintaining a low correlation with the traditional global financial markets.


		39		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report

Categories of Plan Assets

Asset categories based on the nature and risks of the Plans’ assets as of December 31, 2011 are summarized below.


	U.S. Pension Benefits
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Inputs (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Equity Securities:
U.S.
Bank and financial services	$	1,881	$	0	$	0	$	1,881
Capital goods		1,448		0		0		1,448
Chemicals		1,626		0		0		1,626
Commercial property		1,769		0		0		1,769
Commercial services		1,331		0		0		1,331
Common collective trust funds		0		28,165		0		28,165
Electronics		1,003		0		0		1,003
Food processing		3,221		0		0		3,221
Health care		1,300		0		0		1,300
Limited partnerships – public equity		7,253		0		0		7,253
Manufacturing		1,782		0		0		1,782
Oil and gas		2,904		0		0		2,904
Technology		1,608		0		0		1,608
Wholesale distribution		1,017		0		0		1,017
Other (represents 12 business sectors)		6,057		0		0		6,057
International
Real estate		1,654		0		0		1,654
Other (represents 6 business sectors)		2,619		0		0		2,619
Common collective trust funds		0		5,349		0		5,349
Total Equity Securities		38,473		33,514		0		71,987
Fixed-Income Securities:
Commingled funds		0		13,100		0		13,100
Preferred (represents 4 business sectors)		6,481		0		0		6,481
Other (represents 2 business sectors)		1,195		0		0		1,195
Total Fixed-Income Securities		7,676		13,100		0		20,776
Alternative Investments:
Limited partnerships		0		0		29,280		29,280
Hedge and absolute return funds		0		0		5,940		5,940
Total Alternative Investments		0		0		35,220		35,220
Other (primarily cash and cash equivalents):
Mutual funds		1,906		0		0		1,906
Commingled funds		0		3,182		0		3,182
Other ^(a)		332		0		0		332
Total Other		2,238		3,182		0		5,420
	$	48,387	$	49,796	$	35,220	$	133,403

(a) Includes accrued receivables and pending broker settlements.

	Foreign Pension Benefits
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Inputs (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Equity Securities:
Commingled Funds (U.K.)	$	4,521	$	0	$	0	$	4,521
Commingled Funds (International)		12,411		0		0		12,411
Total Equity Securities		16,932		0		0		16,932
Fixed-Income Securities:
Commingled Funds (U.K.)		15,733		0		0		15,733
Alternative Investments:
Hedge and Absolute Return Funds		0		0		3,324		3,324
Cash and cash equivalents		447		0		0		447
	$	33,112	$	0	$	3,324	$	36,436


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		40

The table below sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Level 3 plan assets for U.S. and foreign pension plans for the year ended December 31, 2011.


	Alternative Investments
	U.S. Pension Benefits			Foreign Pension Benefits
Fair value as of January 1, 2011	$ 5,951	$	0	$ 3,211
Acquisitions	0		28,433	25
Change in net unrealized (loss) gain	(11)		847	100
Other, primarily impact from changes in foreign currency exchange rates	0		0	(12)
Fair value as of December 31, 2011	$ 5,940		$ 29,280	$ 3,324

Asset categories based on the nature and risks of the Plans’ assets as of December 31, 2010 are summarized below.


	U.S. Pension Benefits
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Inputs (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Equity Securities:
U.S.
Bank and financial services	$	1,975	$	0	$	0	$	1,975
Basic industries		1,746		0		0		1,746
Chemicals		1,689		0		0		1,689
Commercial property		2,043		0		0		2,043
Common collective trust funds		0		22,854		0		22,854
Consumer non-durables		2,939		0		0		2,939
Consumer services		1,515		0		0		1,515
Limited partnerships – public equity		5,464		0		0		5,464
Mutual funds		34,041		0		0		34,041
Oil and gas		2,073		0		0		2,073
Technology		2,719		0		0		2,719
Other (represents 17 business sectors)		12,619		0		0		12,619
International
Energy		1,653		0		0		1,653
Other (represents 5 business sectors)		2,604		0		0		2,604
Commingled funds		0		4,836		0		4,836
Total Equity Securities		73,080		27,690		0		100,770
Fixed-Income Securities:
Preferred (represents 4 business sectors)		7,580		0		0		7,580
Mutual funds		3,231		0		0		3,231
Corporate debt (represents 2 business sectors)		1,183		0		0		1,183
Commingled funds		0		14,160		0		14,160
Total Fixed-Income Securities		11,994		14,160		0		26,154
Alternative Investments:
Hedge and Absolute Return Funds		0		0		5,951		5,951
Other (primarily cash and cash equivalents):
Mutual funds		1,918		0		0		1,918
Commingled funds		0		777		0		777
Other ^(a)		160		0		0		160
Total Other		2,078		777		0		2,855
	$	87,152	$	42,627	$	5,951	$	135,730

(a) Includes accrued receivables and pending broker settlements.


		41		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report


	Foreign Pension Benefits
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Inputs (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Equity Securities:
Commingled Funds (U.K.)	$	5,225	$	0	$	0	$	5,225
Commingled Funds (International)		13,242		0		0		13,242
Total Equity Securities		18,467		0		0		18,467
Fixed-Income Securities:
Commingled Funds (U.K.)		13,133		0		0		13,133
Alternative Investments:
Hedge and Absolute Return Funds		0		0		3,211		3,211
Cash and cash equivalents		25		0		0		25
	$	31,625	$	0	$	3,211	$	34,836

The table below sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Level 3 plan assets for U.S. and foreign pension plans for the year ended December 31, 2010.


	Alternative Investments
	U.S. Pension Benefits	Foreign Pension Benefits
Fair value as of January 1, 2010	$ 5,365	$ 0
Acquisitions	0	3,155
Change in net unrealized gain	586	56
Fair value as of December 31, 2010	$ 5,951	$ 3,211

Net Periodic Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Costs

The actual return on the fair value of plan assets is included in determining the funded status of the plans. In determining net periodic pension costs, the expected long-term rate of return on the market-related value of plan assets is used. Differences between the actual return on plan assets and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets are classified as part of unrecognized actuarial gains or losses which are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the consolidated balance sheet. When these gains or losses exceed 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligations or the market-related value of plan assets, they are amortized to net periodic pension and other postretirement costs over the average remaining service period of employees expected to receive benefits under the plans. When the gains or losses are less than 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligations or the market-related value of plan assets, they are included in net periodic pension and other postretirement costs indirectly as a result of lower/higher interest costs arising from a decrease/increase in the projected benefit obligation.

Net periodic pension and other postretirement benefit costs include the following components for the year ended December 31:


	U.S. Pension Benefits									Foreign Pension Benefits									Other Postretirement Benefits
	2011			2010			2009			2011			2010			2009			2011		2010		2009
Service cost	$	3,115		$	2,868		$	2,799		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	643	$	482	$	423
Interest cost		8,867			8,525			8,403			2,589			2,482			2,323			1,020		924		812
Expected return on plan assets		(9,658	)		(9,572	)		(10,262	)		(2,311	)		(1,885	)		(1,480	)		0		0		0
Amortization of prior service cost		656			656			656			0			0			0			86		86		86
Amortization of actuarial loss		4,236			3,484			1,958			496			464			463			256		140		10
Net cost	$	7,216		$	5,961		$	3,554		$	774		$	1,061		$	1,306		$	2,005	$	1,632	$	1,331

Assumptions

Assumptions are reviewed on an annual basis. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is an estimate of average rates of earnings expected to be earned on funds invested or to be invested to provide for the benefits included in the projected benefit obligation. Since these benefits will be paid over many years, the expected long-term rate of return is reflective of current investment returns and investment returns over a longer period. Consideration is given also to target and


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		42

actual asset allocations, inflation and real risk-free return. The discount rates used in determining future pension obligations and other postretirement benefits for each of the plans are based on rates of return on high-quality fixed-income investments currently available and expected to be available during the period to maturity of the pension and other postretirement benefits. High-quality fixed-income investments are defined as those investments which have received one of the two highest ratings given by a recognized rating agency with maturities of 10+ years.

The following assumptions were used to determine the benefit obligations as of December 31:


	U.S. Pension Benefits						Foreign Pension Benefits						Other Postretirement Benefits
	2011			2010			2011			2010			2011			2010
Discount rate		5.00	%		5.75	%		4.90	%		5.40	%		5.00	%		5.75	%
Rate of increases in compensation
- Salary employees		4.30	%		4.00	%		n/a			n/a			n/a			n/a
- Hourly employees		3.30	%		4.00	%		n/a			n/a			n/a			n/a

The following assumptions were used to determine net periodic pension and other postretirement benefit costs for the year ended December 31:


	U.S. Pension Benefits							Foreign Pension Benefits									Other Postretirement Benefits
	2011			2010			2009	2011			2010			2009			2011			2010			2009
Discount rate		5.75	%		6.00	%	6.25%		5.40	%		5.80	%		6.10	%		5.75	%		6.00	%		6.25	%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets		8.00	%		8.00	%	8.00%		6.39	%		6.00	%		5.53	%		n/a			n/a			n/a
Rate of increases in compensation
- Salary employees		4.30	%		4.00	%	4.00%		n/a			n/a			n/a			n/a			n/a			n/a
- Hourly employees		3.30	%		4.00	%	4.00%		n/a			n/a			n/a			n/a			n/a			n/a

In addition, the assumed health care cost trend rate at December 31, 2011 for other postretirement benefits is 8% for 2012 gradually decreasing to 4.75% in 2016. In selecting rates for current and long-term health care assumptions, the Corporation considers known health care cost increases, the design of the benefit programs, the demographics of its active and retiree populations and expectations of inflation rates in the future. A one percentage point increase or decrease in the assumed health care cost trend rate would change the postretirement benefit obligation at December 31, 2011 and the annual benefit expense for 2011 by approximately $3,200 and $200, respectively.

NOTE 8 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES:

Outstanding standby and commercial letters of credit as of December 31, 2011 approximated $20,622, the majority of which serve as collateral for the IRBs.

In 2010, UES-UK was awarded a government grant of up to $1,325 (£850) toward the purchase and installation of certain machinery and equipment of which $710 (£445) has been received. Under the agreement, the grant is repayable if certain conditions are not met including achieving and maintaining a targeted level of employment through 2017. UES-UK’s level of employment currently exceeds and is expected to continue to exceed the targeted level of employment; accordingly, no liability has been recorded.

Approximately 53% of the Corporation’s employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. There are six bargaining agreements which have expiration dates ranging from September 2012 to October 2017.

See Note 17 regarding litigation and Note 18 for environmental matters.

NOTE 9 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION:

In May 2011, the shareholders of the Corporation approved the adoption of the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“Incentive Plan”) which authorizes the issuance of up to 1,000,000 shares of the Corporation’s common stock for grants of equity-based compensation. Awards under the Incentive Plan may include incentive non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares and restricted stock units, performance awards, other stock-based awards or short-term cash incentive awards. The Incentive Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors who has the authority to determine, within the limits of the express provisions of the Incentive Plan, the individuals to whom the awards will be granted; the nature, amount and terms of such awards; and the objectives and conditions for earning such awards.


		43		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report

The Compensation Committee granted non-qualified stock options in each of the years as outlined below. The options granted in 2011 have a ten-year life and vest over a three-year period. The options previously granted under earlier incentive plans have a ten-year life with one-third vesting at the date of grant, one-third vesting on the first anniversary date of the date of grant and one-third vesting on the second anniversary date of the date of grant. The exercise prices are equal to the closing prices of the Corporation’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on the dates of grant.

The fair values of the options as of the dates of grant were calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the assumptions outlined below.


	Grant Date
	2011		2010		2009
Options granted		176,250		325,000		322,500
Exercise price	$	25.18	$	25.77	$	13.37
Assumptions:
Expected life in years		6		6		6
Risk-free interest rate		2.30%		2.98%		2.72%
Expected annual dividend yield		2.96%		3.00%		6.33%
Expected volatility		56.25%		55.12%		43.81%
Grant date fair value	$	10.53	$	10.77	$	3.17
Resulting stock-based compensation expense	$	1,857	$	3,500	$	1,023

The resulting stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period and approximated $1,636, $3,267 and $1,806 for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The related income tax benefit recognized in the statements of operations was $573, $1,143 and $632 for the respective years. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense equaled $1,638 at December 31, 2011 which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of two years.

A summary of stock options outstanding and exercisable and activity for the year ended December 31, 2011 is as follows:


	Shares Under Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Remaining Contractual Life In Years		Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2011		847,341		$	27.46		8.4	$	2,934
Granted		176,250			25.18
Exercised		(12,502	)		13.37
Outstanding at December 31, 2011		1,011,089		$	27.24		7.7	$	1,118
Exercisable at December 31, 2011		765,190		$	27.81		7.3	$	1,118
Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2011		1,011,089		$	27.24		7.7	$	1,118

The 2011 Incentive Plan also provides for annual grants of shares of the Corporation’s common stock to non-employee directors following the Corporation’s annual shareholder meeting. Each annual director award will be for a number of shares having a fair market value equal to $25 and will fully vested as of the grant date. In June 2011, 7,944 shares of common stock were issued to the non-management directors.

NOTE 10 – OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS:

Foreign currency translation adjustments exclude the effect of income taxes since earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries are deemed to be reinvested for an indefinite period of time. The tax benefit (expense) associated with changes in the unrecognized components of employee benefit plans was approximately $12,958, $(2,219) and $(1,601) for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and approximately $(2,065), $(1,745) and $(1,155) for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, for the reclassification adjustments. The tax benefit (expense) associated with changes in the fair value of derivatives was approximately $427, $(801) and $(318) for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and approximately $228, $503 and $(213) for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, for the reclassification adjustments. The tax benefit (expense) associated with changes in the unrealized holding gains and losses on securities was $15, $(144) and $(219) for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and $(7), $(12) and $(39) for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, for the reclassification adjustments.


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		44

NOTE 11 – FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS:

Forward Foreign Exchange and Futures Contracts

Certain of the Corporation’s operations are subject to risk from exchange rate fluctuations in connection with sales in foreign currencies. To minimize this risk, foreign currency sales contracts are entered into which are designated as cash flow or fair value hedges. As of December 31, 2011, approximately $22,264 of anticipated foreign-denominated sales has been hedged of which $2,351 is covered by cash flow contracts settling at various dates through March 2013. The remaining $19,913 of anticipated foreign-denominated sales is covered by fair value contracts settling at various dates through September 2013. As of December 31, 2011, the fair value of foreign currency sales contracts designated as cash flow hedges expecting to settle within the next 12 months approximated $256 and is recorded as other current assets. The fair value of the remaining cash flow contracts equaled $57 and is recorded as other noncurrent assets. The change in the fair value of the contracts is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and approximated $114 and $281, net of income taxes, as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. During 2011, approximately $(24), net of income taxes, was recognized as comprehensive income (loss). The change in the fair value will be reclassified to earnings when the projected sales occur with approximately $180 expected to be released to pre-tax earnings in 2012. Approximately $228, $999 and $(559) was released to pre-tax earnings in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

As of December 31, 2011, the fair value of foreign currency sales contracts designated as fair value hedges expecting to settle within the next 12 months approximated $107 and is recorded as other current assets. (The fair value of the related hedged item approximated $174 and is recorded as other current liabilities.) The fair value of the remaining fair value hedges equaled $112 and is recorded as other noncurrent assets. (The fair value of the related hedged item approximated $116 and is recorded as other noncurrent liabilities.) The fair value of assets held as collateral as of December 31, 2011 approximated $777.

No portion of the existing cash flow or fair value hedges is considered to be ineffective, including any ineffectiveness arising from the unlikelihood of an anticipated transaction to occur. Additionally, no amounts have been excluded from assessing the effectiveness of the hedge.

(Losses) gains on foreign exchange transactions approximated $(371), $655 and $(1,960) for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and are included in other income (expense).

In May 2009, the Corporation entered into foreign currency purchase contracts to manage the volatility associated with Euro-denominated progress payments to be made for certain machinery and equipment. As of December 31, 2010, all contracts had been settled and the underlying fixed assets were placed in service. The change in the fair value of the contracts is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and approximated $309 and $329, net of income taxes, as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Since all contracts had been settled, no additional amounts were recognized as other comprehensive income (loss) in 2011. Approximately $32 and $16 was released to pre-tax earnings (as an offset to depreciation expense) in 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $32 is expected to be released to pre-tax earnings in 2012.

At December 31, 2011, the Corporation has purchase commitments covering approximately 54% of the anticipated natural gas usage at one of its Forged and Cast Rolls subsidiaries through 2015. The commitments qualify as normal purchases and, accordingly, are not reflected on the consolidated balance sheet. Payments for subsequent years are $4,315 for 2012, $2,694 for 2013, $2,134 for 2014 and $2,195 for 2015.

Additionally, certain of the Corporation’s divisions are subject to risk from increases in the price of commodities (copper and aluminum) used in the production of inventory. To minimize this risk, futures contracts are entered into which are designated as cash flow hedges. At December 31, 2011, approximately 59% or $3,741 of anticipated copper purchases over the next ten months and 63% or $844 of anticipated aluminum purchases over the next six months are hedged. The fair value of these contracts approximated $(294) and the fair value of settled contracts approximated $(210) as of December 31, 2011. The change in the fair value of the contracts designated as cash flow hedges is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and approximated $(314) and $589, net of income taxes, as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. During 2011, approximately $(684), net of income taxes, was recognized as comprehensive income (loss). The change in the fair value will be reclassified to earnings when the projected sales occur with approximately $(504) expected to be released to pre-tax earnings over the next 12 months. Approximately $353, $328 and $(76) was released to pre-tax earnings in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The fair value of assets held as collateral as of December 31, 2011 approximated $410.

The Corporation does not enter into derivative transactions for speculative purposes and, therefore, holds no derivative instruments for trading purposes.


		45		ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report

NOTE 12 – FAIR VALUE:

The Corporation’s financial assets and liabilities that are reported at fair value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets were as follows:


2011	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Inputs (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Investments
Other noncurrent assets	$	3,090	$	0	$	0	$	3,090
Foreign currency exchange contracts
Other current assets		0		363		0		363
Other noncurrent assets		0		169		0		169
Other current liabilities		0		174		0		174
Other noncurrent liabilities		0		116		0		116
2010
Investments
Other noncurrent assets	$	3,097	$	0	$	0	$	3,097
Foreign currency exchange contracts
Other current assets		0		604		0		604
Other noncurrent assets		0		350		0		350
Other current liabilities		0		0		0		0
Other noncurrent liabilities		0		266		0		266

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The investments held as other noncurrent assets represent assets held in the “Rabbi” trust for the purpose of providing benefits under the non-qualified defined benefit pension plan. The fair value of the investments is based on quoted prices of the investments in active markets. The fair value of foreign currency exchange contracts is determined based on the fair value of similar contracts with similar terms and remaining maturities. The fair value of futures contracts is based on market quotations. The fair value of the variable-rate IRB debt approximates its carrying value. Additionally, the fair value of trade receivables and trade payables approximates their carrying value.

NOTE 13 – INCOME TAXES:

Income before income taxes and equity losses in Chinese joint venture was comprised of the following:


	2011		2010		2009
Domestic	$	30,629	$	17,664	$	42,435
Foreign		4,098		6,958		2,454
	$	34,727	$	24,622	$	44,889

At December 31, 2011, the Corporation has state net operating loss carryforwards of $26,108 which begin to expire in 2018 through 2031 and capital loss carryforwards of $441 which begin to expire in 2014.


ampco pittsburgh \| 2011 annual report		46

The provision (benefit) for taxes on income consisted of the following:


	2011			2010			2009
Current:
Federal	$	6,047		$	4,983		$	8,794
State		754			995			1,097
Foreign		140			364			(17	)
		6,941			6,342			9,874
Deferred:
Federal		3,518			2,210			5,556
State		(176	)		(494	)		1,138
Foreign		2,633			1,284			482
Reversal of valuation allowance		0			(655	)		0
		5,975			2,345			7,176
	$	12,916		$	8,687		$	17,050

The provision (benefit) for taxes on income was affected by the reversal of valuation allowances previously provided against deferred income tax assets associated with foreign tax credits and capital loss carryforwards for 2010.

The difference between statutory U.S. federal income tax and the Corporation’s effective income tax was as follows:


	2011			2010			2009
Computed at statutory rate	$	12,154		$	8,618		$	15,711
Tax differential on non-U.S. earnings		(358	)		(355	)		(91	)
State income taxes		1,118			902			1,851
Reversal of valuation allowance		0			(655	)		0
Subpart F income inclusion		0			615			0
Manufacturers deduction (I.R.C. Section 199)		(792	)		(449	)		(553	)
Meals and entertainment		220			191			207
Tax credits		(29