UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2007
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission file number 0-50626
CYCLACEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 91-1707622 | ||
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) |
(IRS Employer Id. No.) |
200 CONNELL DRIVE, SUITE 1500
BERKELEY HEIGHTS, NJ 07922
(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (908) 517-7330
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of ‘‘accelerated filer and larger accelerated filer’’ in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No
As of August 8, 2007 there were 20,433,167 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.
CYCLACEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
INDEX
Part I. | Financial Information | |||||||||||
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 3 | ||||||||||
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 15 | ||||||||||
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 27 | ||||||||||
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 27 | ||||||||||
Part II. | Other Information | |||||||||||
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 29 | ||||||||||
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 29 | ||||||||||
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 29 | ||||||||||
Item 3. | Defaults upon Senior Securities | 29 | ||||||||||
Item 4. | Submissions of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders | 29 | ||||||||||
Item 5. | Other Information | 29 | ||||||||||
Item 6. | Exhibits | 29 | ||||||||||
SIGNATURE PAGE | 30 | |||||||||||
EX-31.1: CERTIFICATION | ||||||||||||
EX-31.2: CERTIFICATION | ||||||||||||
EX-32.1: CERTIFICATION | ||||||||||||
EX-32.2: CERTIFICATION |
2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
CYCLACEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In $000s, except share amounts)
December 31,
2006 |
June 30,
2007 |
|||||||||||
(Note 1) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 44,238 | 43,842 | ||||||||||
Short-term investments | 9,764 | 30,814 | ||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 4,163 | 5,590 | ||||||||||
Total current assets | 58,165 | 80,246 | ||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment (net) | 2,121 | 2,303 | ||||||||||
Deposits and other assets | 241 | 241 | ||||||||||
Goodwill | 2,749 | 2,749 | ||||||||||
Total assets | 63,276 | 85,539 | ||||||||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||||||
Accounts payable | 2,175 | 1,985 | ||||||||||
Accrued liabilities | 3,324 | 3,098 | ||||||||||
Other current liabilities | 290 | 166 | ||||||||||
Derivative liability | 1,135 | 591 | ||||||||||
Warrant liability | — | 4,886 | ||||||||||
Current portion of other accrued restructuring charges | 908 | 926 | ||||||||||
Current portion of equipment financing | 89 | — | ||||||||||
Total current liabilities | 7,921 | 11,652 | ||||||||||
Other accrued restructuring charges, net of current | 1,436 | 1,057 | ||||||||||
Total liabilities | 9,357 | 12,709 | ||||||||||
Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||||||
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2006 and June 30, 2007, respectively; 2,046,813 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2006 and June 30, 2007, respectively. Aggregate preference in liquidation of $20,673,000 at December 31, 2006 and June 30, 2007. | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2006 and June 30, 2007, respectively; 16,157,953 and 20,433,167 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2006 and June 30, 2007, respectively | 16 | 20 | ||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 194,714 | 222,497 | ||||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (2,537 | ) | (2,928 | ) | ||||||||
Deficit accumulated during the development stage | (138,276 | ) | (146,761 | ) | ||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 53,919 | 72,830 | ||||||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | 63,276 | 85,539 |
SEE NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
3
CYCLACEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(In $000s, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
|
Three Months Ended
June 30, |
Six Months Ended
June 30, |
Period from
August 13, 1996 (inception) to June 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Collaboration and research and development revenue | 30 | — | 125 | 10 | 3,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Grant revenue | 6 | 31 | 62 | 74 | 3,551 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
36 | 31 | 187 | 84 | 6,551 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development | (5,133 | ) | (4,316 | ) | (13,137 | ) | (8,293 | ) | (130,268 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative | (3,030 | ) | (2,187 | ) | (6,945 | ) | (4,819 | ) | (40,772 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other restructuring costs | — | — | — | (81 | ) | (306 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | (8,163 | ) | (6,503 | ) | (20,082 | ) | (13,193 | ) | (171,346 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Operating loss | (8,127 | ) | (6,472 | ) | (19,895 | ) | (13,109 | ) | (164,795 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs associated with aborted 2004 IPO | — | — | — | — | (3,550 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in valuation of derivative | (98 | ) | (30 | ) | (98 | ) | (70 | ) | (285 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Change in valuation of warrants | — | 1,406 | — | 1,864 | 1,864 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income | 645 | 986 | 772 | 1,814 | 10,421 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (58 | ) | (48 | ) | (126 | ) | (100 | ) | (4,016 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total other income (expense) | 489 | 2,314 | 548 | 3,508 | 4,434 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss before taxes | (7,638 | ) | (4,158 | ) | (19,347 | ) | (9,601 | ) | (160,361 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax benefit | 696 | 563 | 1,056 | 1,116 | 13,600 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | (6,942 | ) | (3,595 | ) | (18,291 | ) | (8,485 | ) | (146,761 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends on Preferred Ordinary shares | — | — | (2,827 | ) | — | (38,123 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss applicable to ordinary shareholders | (6,942 | ) | (3,595 | ) | (21,118 | ) | (8,485 | ) | (184,884 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss per share – basic and diluted | $ | (0.48 | ) | $ | (0.18 | ) | $ | (2.00 | ) | $ | (0.44 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average shares | 14,321,218 | 20,410,224 | 10,578,051 | 19,305,425 |
SEE NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
4
CYCLACEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(In $000s)
(Unaudited)
|
Six Months Ended
June 30, |
Period from
August 13, 1996 (inception) to June 30, |
||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | (18,291 | ) | (8,485 | ) | (146,761 | ) | ||||||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of investment premiums, net | 5 | (131 | ) | (160 | ) | |||||||||||||
Change in valuation of derivative | 98 | 70 | 285 | |||||||||||||||
Change in valuation of warrants | — | (1,864 | ) | (1,864 | ) | |||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 603 | 478 | 9,567 | |||||||||||||||
Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss | — | (887 | ) | 2,482 | ||||||||||||||
Deferred revenue | — | — | (98 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Compensation for warrants issued to non employees | — | — | 1,215 | |||||||||||||||
Shares issued for IP rights | — | — | 446 | |||||||||||||||
Gain (loss) on disposal of property, plant and equipment | (3 | ) | — | 27 | ||||||||||||||
Stock based compensation | 9,057 | 1,016 | 13,170 | |||||||||||||||
Provision for restructuring | — | 81 | 305 | |||||||||||||||
Amortization of issuance costs of Preferred Ordinary
‘‘C’’ shares |
— | — | 2,517 | |||||||||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 1,144 | (1,322 | ) | (4,869 | ) | |||||||||||||
Accounts payable and other current liabilities | (3,037 | ) | (742 | ) | (1,071 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net cash used in operating activities | (10,424 | ) | (11,786 | ) | (124,809 | ) | ||||||||||||
Investing activities: | ||||||||||||||||||
Purchase of property, plant and equipment | (70 | ) | (622 | ) | (7,291 | ) | ||||||||||||
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment | 18 | — | 26 | |||||||||||||||
Short-term investments on deposit, net of maturities | 12,397 | (20,953 | ) | (26,911 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 12,345 | (21,575 | ) | (34,176 | ) | |||||||||||||
Financing activities: | ||||||||||||||||||
Payment of capital lease obligations | (128 | ) | (89 | ) | (3,709 | ) | ||||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary and preferred ordinary shares, net of issuance costs | — | — | 90,858 | |||||||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants, net of issuance costs | 42,626 | 33,359 | 75,985 | |||||||||||||||
Net proceeds from stock options and warrants exercised | — | 163 | 163 | |||||||||||||||
Payment of preferred stock dividend | (307 | ) | (614 | ) | (1,535 | ) | ||||||||||||
Repayment of government loan | — | — | (455 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Government loan received | — | — | 414 | |||||||||||||||
Loan received from Cyclacel Group Plc | — | — | 9,103 | |||||||||||||||
Proceeds of committable loan notes issued from shareholders | — | — | 8,883 | |||||||||||||||
Loans received from shareholders | — | — | 1,645 | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents assumed on stock purchase | 17,915 | — | 17,915 | |||||||||||||||
Costs associated with stock purchase | (1,951 | ) | — | (1,951 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | 58,155 | 32,819 | 197,316 | |||||||||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (92 | ) | 146 | 5,511 | ||||||||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 60,076 | (542 | ) | 38,331 | ||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 3,117 | 44,238 | — | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | 63,101 | 43,842 | 43,842 |
5
CYCLACEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(In $000s)
(Unaudited)
Six Months Ended
June 30, |
Period from
August 13, 1996 (inception) to June 30, |
|||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flows information: | ||||||||||||||||||
Cash received during the period for: | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest | 704 | 1,659 | 10,144 | |||||||||||||||
Taxes | 1,906 | — | 10,739 | |||||||||||||||
Cash paid during the period for: | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest | (537 | ) | (87 | ) | (910 | ) | ||||||||||||
Schedule of non-cash transactions: | ||||||||||||||||||
Acquisitions of equipment purchased through capital leases | — | — | 3,470 | |||||||||||||||
Issuance of Ordinary shares in connection with license agreements | — | — | 592 | |||||||||||||||
Issuance of Ordinary shares on conversion of bridging loan | — | — | 1,638 | |||||||||||||||
Issuance of Preferred Ordinary ‘‘C’’ shares on conversion of
secured convertible loan notes and accrued interest |
— | — | 8,893 | |||||||||||||||
Issuance of Ordinary shares in lieu of cash bonus | — | — | 164 |
SEE NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
6
CYCLACEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (‘‘Cyclacel’’ or the ‘‘Company’’) is a development-stage biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the discovery, development and eventual commercialization of novel, mechanism-targeted drugs to treat human cancers and other serious disorders. As a development stage enterprise, substantially all efforts of the Company to date have been devoted to performing research and development, conducting clinical trials, developing and acquiring intellectual properties, raising capital and recruiting and training personnel. The Company was incorporated in the state of Delaware in 1996 and is headquartered in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey with research facilities located in the United Kingdom.
The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2007, the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 and related disclosures contained in the accompanying notes are unaudited. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2006 is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the annual report filed on Form 10-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the ‘‘SEC’’). The condensed consolidated financial statements are presented on the basis of accounting principles that are generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions of the SEC on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for a complete set of financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2007, the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 and consolidated statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 have been made. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 is not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2007 or for any other year. The condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2006, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements. Estimates also affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period, and the costs related to the merger with Xcyte Therapies, Inc. (‘‘Xcyte’’) on March 27, 2006. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of 90 days or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.
7
Supplemental Financial Information:
Loss per Share
Basic and diluted loss per share is computed by dividing loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted weighted average shares outstanding excludes shares underlying stock options; convertible preferred stock; make-whole dividend payments of common stock on convertible preferred stock and common stock warrants, since the effects would be anti-dilutive. Accordingly, basic and diluted loss per share is the same. Such excluded shares are summarized as follows:
June 30,
2006 |
June 30,
2007 |
|||||||||||
Stock options | 1,222,481 | 1,663,473 | ||||||||||
Convertible preferred stock | 870,980 | 870,980 | ||||||||||
Make-whole dividend payments of common stock on convertible preferred stock | 190,608 | 190,608 | ||||||||||
Common stock warrants | 2,572,653 | 3,634,703 | ||||||||||
Total shares excluded from calculation | 4,856,722 | 6,359,764 |
Other Comprehensive Loss
In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement (‘‘FASB’’), Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (‘‘SFAS’’) No. 130, ‘‘Reporting Comprehensive Income, (‘‘SFAS 130’’) all components of comprehensive income (loss), including net income (loss), are reported in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non owner sources. Net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), including foreign currency translation adjustments, are reported, net of any related tax effect, to arrive at comprehensive income (loss).
For the three months
ended June 30, |
For the six months
ended June 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||||
($000s) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | (6,942 | ) | (3,595 | ) | (18,291 | ) | (8,485 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities | — | (34 | ) | — | (34 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Currency translation | 403 | (323 | ) | 500 | (357 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive loss | (6,539 | ) | (3,952 | ) | (17,791 | ) | (8,876 | ) |
Other Accrued Liabilities
Other accrued liabilities consist of the following:
December 31,
2006 |
June 30,
2007 |
||||||||||||||
($000s) | |||||||||||||||
Accrued research and development | 1,406 | 1,794 | |||||||||||||
Other accrued liabilities | 1,918 | 1,304 | |||||||||||||
Total accrued liabilities | 3,324 | 3,098 |
3. STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
On January 1, 2006, the Company adopted FASB, Statement No. 123R, ‘‘Share-Based Payment’’ (‘‘SFAS 123R’’). SFAS 123R requires the Company to measure all share-based payment awards, including those with employees, granted, modified, repurchased or cancelled after, or that were
8
unvested as of, January 1, 2006 at fair value. Under SFAS 123R, the fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation must be recognized as expense in the statements of operations over the requisite service period of each award.
At the Company’s annual shareholder meeting on May 21, 2007, the stockholders approved and amended the number of shares reserved under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (‘‘2006 Plan’’) to 3,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock from 1,615,795. The shares reserved under the 2006 Plan have a maximum maturity of 10 years and generally vest over 4 years from the date of grant. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company granted 97,500 and 353,750 stock options, respectively, to its employees and directors under the 2006 Plan which vest ratably over four years. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, the Company granted 827,619 stock options to its employees and directors. Based on the Black-Scholes option-pricing method, the total fair value of all options granted under the 2006 Plan is $7.2 million, of which $3.6 million of share based compensation will be recognized as compensation over the remaining vesting periods. A summary of activity for the options under the Company’s share option plans for the six months ended June 30, 2007 are as follows:
Options | Weighted
Average Exercise Price |
Weighted Average
Remaining Contractual Term (years) |
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value |
|||||||||||||||||||||
(in $000s) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Options outstanding at December 31, 2006 | 1,335,841 | $ | 6.42 | 9.44 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Granted | 353,750 | $ | 7.58 | 9.77 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Exercised | (25,508 | ) | $ | 6.40 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Expired | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cancelled / forfeited | (610 | ) | $ | 6.40 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Options outstanding at June 30, 2007 | 1,663,473 | $ | 6.58 | 9.00 | 147,639 | |||||||||||||||||||
Unvested at June 30, 2007 | 858,750 | $ | 6.49 | 9.58 | 69,217 | |||||||||||||||||||
Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2007 | 804,723 | $ | 6.67 | 8.38 | 78,422 |
Summarized Black-Scholes option pricing model assumptions for stock option grants to employees and directors for three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2007:
For the three months
ended June 30, |
For the six months
ended June 30, |
|||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||||
Expected term | 3 Yrs | 5 – 6 Yrs | 3 Yrs | 4.25 – 6 Yrs | ||||||||
Risk free interest rate | 5.06% | 4.97 – 5.07% | 5.06% | 4.56 – 5.07% | ||||||||
Volatility | 90% | 70 – 80% | 90% | 70 – 80% | ||||||||
Dividends | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
Resulting weighted average grant fair value | $3.77 | $4.72 | $3.77 | $4.54 |
The expected term assumption was estimated using past history of early exercise behavior and expectations about future behavior.
The expected volatility assumption was based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock since the merger with Xcyte on March 27, 2006 together with an analysis of the historical volatilities of a peer group of similar biotechnology companies.
The weighted average risk-free interest rate represents interest rate for treasury constant maturities published by the Federal Reserve Board. If the term of available treasury constant maturity instruments is not equal to the expected term of an employee option, the Company uses the weighted average of the two Federal Reserve securities closest to the expected term of the employee option.
Dividend yield has been assumed to be zero as (a) the Company has never declared or paid any dividends and (b) does not currently anticipate paying any cash dividends on our outstanding shares of common stock in the foreseeable future.
9
The Company received $0.2 million from the exercise of 25,508 stock options during the second quarter of 2007. No income tax benefits have been recorded associated with these stock option exercises. SFAS 123R prohibits recognition of tax benefits for exercised stock options until such benefits are realized. As the Company presently has tax loss carry forwards from prior periods and expects to incur tax losses in 2007, the Company is not able to benefit from the deduction for exercised stock options in the current reporting period.
Cash used to settle equity instruments granted under share-based payment arrangements amounted to $Nil during all periods presented.
The following table summarizes the components of the Company’s stock based compensation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2007:
For the three months
ended June 30, |
For the six months
ended June 30, |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||||
($000s) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development | 1,342 | 212 | 5,888 | 502 | ||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative | 744 | 261 | 3,169 | 514 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation costs before income taxes | 2,086 | 473 | 9,057 | 1,016 |
4. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
In 2005, the Company recorded an accrued restructuring liability associated with abandoning the facility in Bothell, Washington. The lease term on this space expires December 2010. The restructuring liability was computed as the present value of the difference between the remaining lease payments due less the estimate of net sublease income and expenses. The accrual balance was adjusted in 2006 to reflect a change in estimate due to continued deterioration in the local real estate market. As of June 30, 2007 the accrued restructuring liability was $2.0 million. This represents the Company’s best estimate of the fair value of the liability. Subsequent changes in the liability due to accretion, or changes in estimates of sublease assumptions, etc. will be recognized as adjustments to restructuring charges in future periods.
The Company records payments of rent related to the Bothell facility as a reduction in the amount of the accrued restructuring liability. Accretion expense is recognized due to the passage of time, which is also reflected as a restructuring charge. Based on our current projections of estimated sublease income and a discount rate of 7.8%, the Company expects to record additional accretion expense of approximately $0.2 million over the remaining term of the lease.
In connection with the abandonment of the Seattle and Bothell facilities and the related sale of assets in late 2005, the Company has been subjected to a State sales tax audit by the Department of Revenue of the State of Washington. As a result of the potential State sales tax assessment, the Company recorded a liability of $0.3 million during 2006. There has been no change in the Company’s assessment of the liability.
5. MERGER
On March 27, 2006, Xcyte, completed the Stock Purchase Agreement with Cyclacel Group plc whereby Xcyte acquired all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Cyclacel Limited or Limited, from Cyclacel Group plc. Xcyte changed its name to Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Cyclacel, and Cyclacel was listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the ticker symbol CYCC. The transaction was considered a ‘‘reverse merger’’ and was accounted for as a purchase by Cyclacel under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Accordingly, the purchase price was allocated among the fair values of the assets and liabilities of Xcyte, while the historical results of Limited are reflected in the results of the combined company. The 1,967,966 shares of Xcyte common stock outstanding, the 2,046,813 preferred stock outstanding and the outstanding Xcyte options, were considered as the basis for determining the consideration in the reverse merger transaction.
10
Merger Purchase Price
The consolidated financial statements reflect the merger of Limited with Xcyte as a reverse acquisition wherein Limited is deemed to be the acquiring entity from an accounting perspective. Under the purchase method of accounting, Xcyte’s outstanding shares of common and preferred stock were valued using the average closing price on Nasdaq for the two days prior to through the two days subsequent to the announcement of the transaction date of December 15, 2005 of $4.38 (as adjusted for a reverse stock split) and $3.72 per share for common stock and preferred stock, respectively. There were 1,967,967 shares of common stock and 2,046,813 shares of preferred stock outstanding as of March 27, 2006. The fair values of the Xcyte outstanding stock options were determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price of $4.38 (as adjusted for the reverse stock split), volatility – 97%; risk-free interest rate – 4.0%; and an expected life – three months.
The purchase price is summarized as follows ($000s):
Fair value of Xcyte outstanding common stock | 8,620 | |||||
Fair value of Xcyte outstanding preferred stock | 7,618 | |||||
Fair value of Xcyte outstanding stock options | 17 | |||||
Merger costs | 1,951 | |||||
Total purchase price | 18,206 |
Merger Purchase Price Allocation
The purchase price allocation is as follows ($000s):
Current Assets | 21,267 | |||||
Property, plant and equipment | 108 | |||||
Other assets | 259 | |||||
Current liabilities | (4,400 | ) | ||||
Non-current liabilities | (1,777 | ) | ||||
Goodwill | 2,749 | |||||
18,206 |
Pro Forma Results of Operations
The results of operations of Xcyte are included in Cyclacel’s condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of the business combination transaction as of March 27, 2006. The following table presents pro forma results of operations and gives effect to the business combination transaction as if the business combination was consummated at the beginning of the period presented. The unaudited pro forma results of operations are not necessarily indicative of what would have occurred had the business combination been completed at the beginning of the retrospective periods or of the results that may occur in the future.
For the three months
ended June 30, 2006 |
For the six months
ended June 30, 2006 |
|||||||||||
($000s) | ||||||||||||
Revenue | 36 | 5,187 | ||||||||||
Loss before taxes | (9,048 | ) | (18,505 | ) | ||||||||
Net loss applicable to ordinary shareholders | (5,525 | ) | (20,276 | ) | ||||||||
Net loss per share-basic and diluted | (0.48 | ) | (1.92 | ) | ||||||||
Weighted average shares | 14,321,218 | 10,578,051 |
6. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock
On November 3, 2004, the Company completed a public offering of 2,990,000 shares of its 6% convertible exchangeable preferred stock (the ‘Preferred Stock’) at $10.00 per share, including the
11
shares sold to the underwriters pursuant to the over-allotment option granted in connection with the offering. Net proceeds from the offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and offering-related expenses, totaled $27.5 million.
Dividends on the Preferred Stock are cumulative from the date of original issue at the annual rate of 6% of the liquidation preference of the Preferred Stock, payable quarterly on the first day of February, May, August and November, commencing February 1, 2005. Any dividends must be declared by the Company’s board of directors and must come from funds that are legally available for dividend payments. The Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference of $10 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends. In January, April, July and October 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors declared quarterly dividends in the amount of $0.15 per share of preferred stock, which were paid on the first business day in February, May, August and November 2006, respectively. Each quarterly dividend distribution totaled $0.3 million and was paid to holders of record as of the close of business on January 20, 2006, April 29, 2006, July 24, 2006 and October 23, 2006, respectively. In January 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend in the amount of $0.15 per share of preferred stock, which was paid on February 1, 2007 to the holders of record as of the close of business on January 22, 2007. This quarterly dividend distribution totaled $0.3 million.
The Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holder at any time into the Company’s common stock at a conversion rate of approximately 4.2553 shares of common stock for each share of Preferred Stock, based on an initial conversion price of $2.35. The initial conversion price is subject to adjustment in certain events, including the one for ten reverse stock split of Xcyte’s common stock pursuant to which the conversion price of the convertible preferred stock now equals approximately $23.50. Such adjusted conversion price is equivalent to a conversion rate of approximately 0.42553 shares of common stock for each share of convertible preferred stock. The Company has reserved 870,980 shares of common stock for issuance upon conversion of the remaining shares of Preferred Stock outstanding as of June 30, 2007 (after giving effect to the one for ten reverse stock split of Xcyte’s common stock). In the year ended December 31, 2004, holders converted 910,187 shares of Preferred Stock into 3,873,124 shares of common stock. In the year ended December 31, 2005, holders converted 33,000 shares of preferred stock into 140,425 shares of common stock. In the year ended December 31, 2006, no shares of preferred stock were converted into common stock.
The Company may automatically convert the Preferred Stock into common stock if the closing price of the Company’s common stock has exceeded $35.3, which is 150% of the conversion price of the Preferred Stock, for at least 20 trading days during any 30-day trading period, ending within five trading days prior to notice of automatic conversion.
If the Company elects to automatically convert, or the holder elects to voluntarily convert, some or all of the Preferred Stock into common stock prior to November 3, 2007, the Company will make an additional payment on the Preferred Stock equal to the aggregate amount of dividends that would have been payable on the Preferred Stock through November 3, 2007, less any dividends already paid on the Preferred Stock. This additional payment is payable in cash or, at the Company’s option, in shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of common stock. As of June 30 2006, the Company issued 81,927 shares of common stock (as adjusted for the reverse stock split) to converting holders in satisfaction of this additional payment.
In accordance with SFAS 133, ‘‘Accounting for Derivative Instruments’’ (‘‘SFAS 133’’), the Company is required to separate and account for, as an embedded derivative, the dividend make-whole payment feature of the Preferred Stock. As an embedded derivative instrument, the dividend make-whole payment feature must be measured at fair value and reflected as a liability. Changes in the fair value of the derivative are recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of operations as a component of other income (expense). As of December 31, 2006 and June 30, 2007, the fair value of the dividend make-whole payment feature was $1.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The carrying value of this derivative was reduced by $0.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2006 based on cash dividends paid during the period. As a result, the Company has charged $30,000 and $0.1 million, as other expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively.
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The Company may elect to redeem the Preferred Stock at declining redemption prices on or after November 6, 2007.
The Preferred Stock is exchangeable, in whole but not in part, at the option of the Company on any dividend payment date beginning on November 1, 2005 (the ‘Exchange Date’) for the Company’s 6% Convertible Subordinated Debentures (‘Debentures’) at the rate of $10 principal amount of Debentures for each share of Preferred Stock. The Debentures, if issued, will mature 25 years after the Exchange Date and have terms substantially similar to those of the Preferred Stock.
The Preferred Stock has no maturity date and no voting rights prior to conversion into common stock, except under limited circumstances.
Common Stock
On February 16, 2007, the Company raised $36.0 million in gross proceeds, before deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses of $2.6 million, in a ‘‘registered direct’’ offering through the sale of shares of its common stock and warrants. The Company entered into subscription agreements with these investors pursuant to which it has sold approximately 4.2 million units, each unit consisting of one share of common stock and a seven-year warrant to purchase 0.25 shares of common stock, at a purchase price of $8.47125 per unit. The purchase price for the shares and the exercise price for the warrants was $8.44 per share, the closing bid price for the Company’s common stock on February 12, 2007. Investors paid $0.125 per warrant. The Company issued 4,249,668 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 1,062,412 shares of common stock. Emerging Issues Task Force (‘‘EITF’’) 00-19, ‘‘Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock’’ (‘‘EITF 00-19’’) requires freestanding contracts that are settled in a Company’s own stock, including common stock warrants to be designated as an equity instrument, asset or liability. As of June 30, 2007, the warrants issued to the investors meet the requirements of and are being accounted for as a liability in accordance with EITF 00-19. At the date of the transaction, the fair value of the warrants of $6.8 million was determined utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model utilizing the following assumptions: risk free interest rate of 4.58%, volatility of 85%, dividend yield of 0% and a life of 6.88 years. The value of the warrant shares is being marked to market each reporting period as a derivative gain or loss until exercised or expiration. At June 30, 2007, fair value of the warrants was $4.9 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2007, the Company recognized the change in the value of warrants of approximately $1.9 million, as a gain on the consolidated statement of operations.
During the second quarter of 2007, 25,508 shares of common stock were issued from the exercise of stock options resulting in proceeds of $0.2 million.
7. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In July 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, ‘‘Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes’’, an interpretation of SFAS 109, ‘‘Accounting for Income Taxes ’’ (‘‘FIN 48’’). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in a company’s financial statements by prescribing a minimum probability threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. FIN 48 also provides related guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006 and the Company adopted FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007. Due to the relatively simple operational nature of the Company, as well as the fact that the Company has incurred net operating losses since inception, the Company believes that its tax filing positions and deductions are more likely than not to be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change in its financial position. Therefore, no reserves for uncertain tax positions have been recorded pursuant to FIN 48. In addition, the Company did not record a cumulative effect adjustment related to the adoption of FIN 48, nor has the Company recognized any interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in the statement of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007. Although no interest and penalties have been recognized, the Company, upon adoption of FIN 48, has elected a policy to
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classify any future interest and penalties as a component of interest expense. Tax years that remain subject to examination by taxing authorities include:
• | 2005 and 2006 in the UK |
• | 2006 in the US |
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, ‘‘Fair Value Measurements’’ (‘‘SFAS 157’’). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years and will be adopted by the Company as of January 1, 2008. SFAS 157 may impact the Company’s balance sheet and statement of operations in areas including the fair value measurements for derivative instruments. The Company is currently reviewing the provisions of SFAS 157 and has not yet determined the effect, if any, that adoption of SFAS 157 will have.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, ‘‘The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities’ (‘‘SFAS 159’’) which permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. SFAS 159 will be effective on January 1, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS 159 on its financial position, cash flows and results of operations.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains certain statements that may be deemed ‘‘forward-looking statements’’ within the meaning of United States securities laws. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, that address activities, events or developments that we intend, expect, project, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. Such statements are based upon certain assumptions and assessments made by our management in light of their experience and their perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors they believe to be appropriate. Factors that could cause results to differ materially from those projected or implied in the forward looking statements are set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 and as updated in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2007, as updated below under the caption ‘‘Item 1A — Risk factors’’.
We encourage you to read those descriptions carefully. We caution you not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this report. These statements, like all statements in this report, speak only as of the date of this report (unless an earlier date is indicated) and we undertake no obligation to update or revise the statements except as required by law. Such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results will likely differ, perhaps materially, from those suggested by such forward-looking statements. In this report, ‘‘Cyclacel,’’ the ‘‘Company,’’ ‘‘we,’’ ‘‘us,’’ and ‘‘our’’ refer to Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Overview
We are a development-stage biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the discovery, development and eventual commercialization of novel, mechanism-targeted drugs to treat human cancers and other serious disorders. Our core area of expertise is in cell cycle biology, or the processes by which cells divide and multiply. We focus primarily on the discovery and development of orally available anticancer agents that target the cell cycle with the aim of slowing the progression or shrinking the size of tumors, and enhancing quality of life and improving survival rates of cancer patients. We are generating several families of anticancer drugs that act on the cell cycle including Cyclin Dependent kinase (CDK) and Aurora kinase (AK) inhibitors. Although a number of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are currently attempting to develop CDK inhibitor drugs, we believe that our drug candidate, seliciclib, is the only orally available CDK inhibitor drug candidate currently in Phase IIb trials.
We are advancing three of our anticancer drug candidates, sapacitabine, seliciclib and CYC116 through in-house research and development activities. Sapacitabine, our orally available nucleoside analog, has completed Phase I studies in approximately 150 patients at five centers in the United States including two Phase I studies evaluating 87 patients in refractory solid tumors. We are currently conducting a Phase Ib dose escalation clinical trial with sapacitabine for the treatment of patients with advanced malignancies with approximately 35 patients as of June 30, 2007. Interim results from this trial were presented in a poster at the 43rd annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, or ASCO. We plan to evaluate sapacitabine in Phase II studies in both hematological cancers and solid tumors and we announced the first study on April 30, 2007, when we initiated a Phase II clinical trial in patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Seliciclib is currently being studied in a Phase IIb, multi-center, randomized, double-blinded trial, called APPRAISE, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of seliciclib as a third line treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, or NSCLC. The APPRAISE study builds on the observation of prolonged stable disease experienced by heavily-pretreated NSCLC patients enrolled in a Phase I study of single agent seliciclib . We also plan to commence in 2007 a Phase II study of single agent seliciclib in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We are also developing CYC116, a novel inhibitor of Aurora kinases A and B and VEGFR2 for the treatment of cancer. We began a multicenter Phase I pharmacologic clinical trial of orally-available CYC116 in patients with advanced solid tumors in June 2007. We have worldwide rights to commercialize sapacitabine, seliciclib and CYC116 and our business strategy is to
15
enter into selective partnership arrangements with these programs. We are also progressing further novel drug series, principally for cancer, which are at earlier stages. Taken together, our pipeline covers all four phases of the cell cycle, which we believe will improve the chances of successfully developing and commercializing novel drugs that work on their own or in combination with approved conventional chemotherapies or with other targeted drugs to treat human cancers.
Our corporate headquarters is located in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey, with our research facilities located in the United Kingdom. From our inception in 1996 through June 30, 2007, we have devoted substantially all our efforts and resources to our research and development activities. We have incurred significant net losses since inception. As of June 30, 2007, our accumulated deficit during the development stage was $146.8 million. We expect to continue incurring substantial losses for the next several years as we continue to develop our clinical, pre-clinical and other drugs currently in development. Our operating expenses are comprised of research and development expenses and general and administrative expenses.
To date, we have not generated any product revenue but have financed our operations and internal growth through private placements of our common stock and preferred securities, licensing revenue, interest on investments, government grants and research and development tax credits. Our revenue has consisted of collaboration and grant revenue. We have not generated any revenue from sales of commercial products and do not expect to generate any product revenue for the foreseeable future.
Recent Events
In June 2007, we initiated a multicenter Phase I pharmacologic clinical trial of CYC116, an orally-available inhibitor of Aurora kinases A and B, and VEGFR2, in patients with advanced solid tumors. The study is the first of two clinical trials we plan to begin this year to evaluate CYC116’s potential in solid and hematological tumors. The multicenter Phase I trial is designed to examine the safety and tolerability of CYC116 in patients with advanced solid tumors. The primary objective of the study is to determine the maximum tolerated dose. Secondary objectives are to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of the drug and to document anti-tumor activity.
In April 2007, we initiated a multicenter randomized Phase II clinical trial of sapacitabine (CYC682), an orally available nucleoside analog, in patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The study is the first of several Phase II clinical trials we plan to conduct to evaluate sapacitabine’s potential in hematological and solid tumors.
Results of Operations
As explained in detail in Note 5 of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements the transaction with Xcyte was accounted for as a reverse merger and Cyclacel Limited was considered to have acquired Xcyte on March 27, 2006. As a consequence, the comparative period for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 includes the three-month period to March 31, 2006 which reflects the results of Cyclacel Limited only, while the current six month period ended June 30, 2007 reflects the results of the combined companies from January 1, 2007 through June 30, 2007.
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Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 and 2007
Revenues
The following table summarizes the components of our revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2007:
Three months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | $
Difference |
%
Difference |
||||||||||||||||||
($000s) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Collaboration and research and development revenue | 30 | — | (30 | ) | 100% | ||||||||||||||||
Grant revenue | 6 | 31 | 25 | 417% | |||||||||||||||||
Total revenue | 36 | 31 | (5 | ) | 14% |
Collaboration and research and development revenue is derived from several agreements under which the Company provides compounds for evaluation for an agreed consideration.
Grant revenue is recognized as we incur and pay for qualifying costs and services under the applicable grant. Grant revenue is primarily derived from various United Kingdom government grant awards.
Research and development expenses
To date, we have focused on drug discovery and development programs, with particular emphasis on orally available anticancer agents. Research and development expense represents costs incurred to discover and develop novel small molecule therapeutics, including clinical trial costs for sapacitabine, seliciclib and CYC116, to advance product candidates through clinical trials, to develop in-house research and preclinical study capabilities and to advance our biomarker program and technology platforms. We expense all research and development costs as they are incurred. Research and development expenses primarily include:
• | payroll and related-expense, including consultants and contract research; |
• | clinical trial and regulator-related costs; |
• | pre-clinical studies; |
• | screening and identification of drug candidates; |
• | laboratory supplies and materials; |
• | technology license costs; |
• | rent and facility expenses for our laboratories; and |
• | scientific consulting fees. |
The following table provides information with respect to our research and development expenditure for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2007:
Three months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | $
Difference |
%
Difference |
||||||||||||||||||
($000s) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Sapacitabine | 490 | 953 | 463 | 95% | |||||||||||||||||
Seliciclib | 717 | 745 | 28 | 4% | |||||||||||||||||
CYC116 | 1,719 | 412 | (1,307 | ) | (76)% | ||||||||||||||||
Other research and development costs | 2,207 | 2,206 | (1 | ) | —% | ||||||||||||||||
Total research and development expenses | 5,133 | 4,316 | (817 | ) | (16)% |
Total research and development expenses represented 63% and 66% of our operating expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2006, and 2007, respectively.
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Research and development expenditure decreased 16% or $0.8 million from $5.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 to $4.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007. In June 2006, we recorded a charge of $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 in connection with the stock options granted to certain of our employees under FAS123R as compared to $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007. During the three months ended June 30, 2007, there were higher costs related to sapacitabine with ongoing Phase I trials and the start of a Phase II trial in the quarter. This was offset by the reduction in costs associated with the CYC116 program as the program was in full pre-clinical studies during 2006.
The future
We plan to increase our investment in our research and development programs to further enhance our clinical and regulatory capabilities to allow us to advance the development of our drug candidates.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses include costs for administrative personnel, legal and other professional expenses and general corporate expenses. These costs are not broken out for reporting purposes. The following table summarizes the general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2007:
Three months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | $
Difference |
%
Difference |
|||||||||||||||||||||
($000s) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total general and administrative expenses | 3,030 | 2,187 | (843 | ) | (28 | )% |
Our general and administrative expenditure decreased $0.8 million from $3.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 to $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007. The reduction in expenses was primarily attributable to a reduction in stock-based compensation cost of $0.5 million as a result of the stock options granted during June 2006 which were two-thirds vested immediately upon grant. In addition accountancy fees decreased by $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007.
The future
As a public company, we operate in an increasingly demanding regulatory environment that requires us to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the related rules and regulations of the SEC, and the Nasdaq Global Market for our common stock and Nasdaq Capital Market for our preferred stock, including those related to expanded disclosures, accelerated reporting requirements and more complex accounting rules. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will continue to increase in subsequent periods due to these requirements.
Restructuring charge
As of June 30, 2007 the restructuring liability associated with exiting the Bothell facility was $2.0 million accounting for the estimated fair value of the remaining lease payments, net of estimated sub-lease income. The restructuring liability is subject to a variety of assumptions and estimates. We review these assumptions and estimates on a quarterly basis and will adjust the accrual if necessary. There was no change in the estimate for the three months ended June 30, 2007.
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Other income (expense)
Other income (expense) is comprised of the change in valuation of the derivative, change in value of liability classified warrants, interest income and interest expense. The following table summarizes the other income (expense) for the three month ended June 30, 2006 and 2007:
Three months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | $
Difference |
%
Difference |
||||||||||||||||||
($000s) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Change in valuation of derivative | (98 | ) | (30 | ) | 68 | (69)% | |||||||||||||||
Change in valuation of warrants | — | 1,406 | 1,406 | 100% | |||||||||||||||||
Interest income | 645 | 986 | 341 | 53% | |||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (58 | ) | (48 | ) | 10 | (17)% | |||||||||||||||
Total other income (expense) | 489 | 2,314 | 1,825 | 373% |
The change in derivative value expense of $30,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2007 is associated with the dividend make-whole payment on our outstanding convertible exchangeable preferred stock. For the three months ended June 30, 2006, the derivative valuation expense was $0.1 million.
The change in valuation of warrants relates to the issue of warrants to purchase shares of our common stock under the registered direct financing completed in February 2007. The warrants issued to the investors meet the requirements of and are being accounted for as a liability in accordance with EITF 00-19. The value of the warrants is being marked to market each reporting period as a derivative gain or loss until exercised or expiration. For three months ended June 30, 2007, we recognized the change in the value of warrants of approximately $1.4 million, as other income in the consolidated statement of operations.
The increase in interest income of $0.4 million to $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007 from $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 is primarily attributable to higher average balances of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments in 2007 as compared to 2006 as a result of our registered direct offering in February 2007.
Interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2007 decreased by $10,000 from $58,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2006 to $48,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2007. During the three-month period ended June 30, 2006 interest expenses resulted primarily from interest associated with a government loan, the principal of which was repaid in the fourth quarter of 2005. No such interest expense was recognized in the three-month period ended June 30, 2007. During the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2007 interest expenses resulted primarily from accretion expense associated with the Bothell lease restructuring provision.
The future
The valuation of the dividend make-whole payment will continue to be re-measured at the end of each reporting period. The valuation of the derivative is dependent upon many factors, including estimated market volatility, and may fluctuate significantly, which may have a significant impact on our statement of operations.
The valuation of the liability-classified warrants will continue to be re-measured at the end of each reporting period. The valuation of the warrants is dependent upon many factors, including estimated market volatility, and may fluctuate significantly, which may have a significant impact on our statement of operations.
A further $0.2 million of accretion expense associated with the Bothell lease restructuring charge will be recognized over the remaining life of the lease to December 2010.
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Income tax benefit
Credit is taken for research and development tax credits, which are claimed from the United Kingdom’s taxation and customs authority, in respect of qualifying research and development costs incurred.
The following table summarizes research and development tax credits for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2007:
Three months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | $
Difference |
%
Difference |
|||||||||||||||||||||
($000s) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total income tax benefit | 696 | 563 | (133 | ) | (19 | )% |
Research and development tax credits recoverable decreased by $0.1 million from $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006 to $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007. This decrease was a reflection of a decrease in income taxes available for recovery as a consequence of the lower eligible research and development expenses in 2007.
Future
We expect the company to continue to be eligible to receive United Kingdom research and development tax credits for the foreseeable future and will elect to do so.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 and 2007
Revenues
The following table summarizes the components of our revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2007:
Six months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | $
Difference |
%
Difference |
||||||||||||||||||
($000s) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Collaboration and research and development revenue | 125 | 10 | (115 | ) | (92)% | ||||||||||||||||
Grant revenue | 62 | 74 | 12 | 19% | |||||||||||||||||
Total revenue | 187 | 84 | (103 | ) | (55)% |
Collaboration and research and development revenue is derived from several agreements under which we provide compounds for evaluation for an agreed consideration.
Grant revenue is recognized as we incur and pay for qualifying costs and services under the applicable grant. Grant revenue is primarily derived from various United Kingdom government grant awards.
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Research and development expenses
The following table provides information with respect to our research and development expenditure for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2007:
Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | $
Difference |
%
Difference |
|||||||||||||||||||||
($000s) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sapacitabine | 920 | 1,385 | 465 | 51 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Seliciclib | 962 | 1,647 | 685 | 70% | ||||||||||||||||||||
CYC116 | 3,550 | 892 | (2,658 | ) | (75)% | |||||||||||||||||||
Other research and development costs | 7,705 | 4,369 | (3,336 | ) | (43)% | |||||||||||||||||||
Total research and development expenses | 13,137 | 8,293 | (4,844 | ) | (37)% |
Total research and development expenses represented 65% and 60% of our operating expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Research and development expenses decreased 37% or $4.8 million from $13.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 to $8.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007. The overall reduction relates primarily to a decrease in the charge for stock-based compensation (see further explanation below) and expenditure on CYC116 as the program was in full pre-clinical studies during 2006, offset by higher costs related to sapacitabine with ongoing Phase I trials and the start of a Phase II trial during 2007.
Stock-based compensation expense attributable to research and development was $5.9 million and $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
General and administrative expenses
The following table summarizes the general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2007:
Six months ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | $
Difference |
%
Difference |
|||||||||||||||||||||
($000s) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total general and administrative expenses | 6,945 | 4,819 |