UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
(Mark One)
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 000-50327
iPass Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 93-1214598 |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
3800 Bridge Parkway
Redwood Shores, California 94065
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (650) 232-4100
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered |
Common Stock, $0.001 Per Share Par Value | NASDAQ Global Select Market |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | x | |
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨ | |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x
Aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing price of a share of the registrant’s common stock on June 28, 2013, as reported by the NASDAQ Global Select Market on that date: $103,527,184. The determination of affiliate status for the purposes of this calculation is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes. The calculation excludes approximately 9,295,476 shares held by directors, officers and stockholders whose ownership exceeded ten percent of the registrant’s outstanding Common Stock as of June 30, 2013. Exclusion of these shares should not be construed to indicate that such person controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the registrant.
The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant’s Common Stock, $0.001 par value, as of February 28 2014 was 64,391,698.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement in connection with our 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than April 30, 2014, are incorporated by reference in Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of this report on Form 10-K.
iPASS INC.
FORM 10-K
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | ||
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Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This annual report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements regarding expected future events and future results that are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. Words such as “expects,” “will,” “anticipates,” “targets,” “goals,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “potential,” variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements which refer to projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth and trends in our business, and other characterizations of future events or circumstances, are forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are only predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. Readers are directed to risks and uncertainties identified below, under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere herein, for factors that may cause actual results to be different from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason.
Investors and others should note that we announce material financial information to our investors using our investor relations website, SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls and webcasts. We also use social media to communicate with our customers and the public about our company, our products and services and other matters relating to our business and market. It is possible that the information we post on social media could be deemed to be material information. Therefore, we encourage investors, the media, and others interested in our company to review the information we post on the U.S. social media channels including the iPass Twitter Feed, the iPass LinkedIn Feed, the iPass Google+ Feed, the iPass Facebook Page, the iPass Blog, the iPass Instagram, the iPass Pinterest and Evan Kaplan’s Twitter Feed. These social media channels may be updated from time to time.
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PART I
Item 1. | Business |
Overview
With the world’s largest commercial Wi-Fi network, iPass delivers mobility services for easy connectivity and roaming cost control.
iPass is the global Wi-Fi roaming leader for enterprises and telecom service providers and their consumer subscribers. We believe that we are uniquely positioned to take advantage of expanding global demand for Wi-Fi. iPass was incorporated in California in July 1996 and reincorporated in Delaware in June 2000. Our corporate headquarters are located in Redwood Shores, California. We are publicly traded on NASDAQ under symbol IPAS.
We provide global enterprises and telecommunications carriers with cloud-based mobility management and Wi-Fi connectivity services. Through our proprietary technology platform and global Wi-Fi network, we offer enterprises Internet connectivity services and significant cost savings. Based on this same technology platform and our global authentication and settlements infrastructure, we also offer global telecommunications carriers Wi-Fi enablement services allowing them to monetize their Wi-Fi networks and enable data roaming solutions for their subscribers.
Business Highlights
Strategic Mobility Assets
We believe iPass has a unique set of mobility assets that provide us with competitive advantages. We see our three core assets as follows:
Open Mobile Platform: Our Open Mobile (OM) platform is a cloud-based mobility management platform that securely manages network connectivity and subscribers across a wide variety of computing and mobile devices and provider networks. We believe this scalable subscriber management, billing and reporting platform is unique in the industry and would be time consuming and expensive to replicate. Our Open Mobile platform has the following key characteristics and functionality:
• | An always-on, lightweight software agent that runs on a wide array of devices including smartphone, tablet, and laptops running operating systems such as Android, the iPhone operating system (iOS), Windows and Macintosh. |
• | A cloud-based platform that allows the enterprise to configure and manage its mobility offering by providing in-depth reporting and analytics on mobile usage across the networks and devices used by the enterprise. |
• | Policy enforcement services that enable the enterprise IT organization to have their cost, compliance and security measures enforced across their mobile workforce. |
• | We exited 2013 with 625,000 active monthly users on our OM platform. |
Integrated Authentication Fabric: We have a global authentication fabric of integrated servers and software that is interconnected with 158 unique global Wi-Fi networks. This infrastructure allows us to provide secure, highly-available and seamless four party global authentication, clearing and settlement of Wi-Fi users for our partners and customers. Our technology architecture is designed to:
• | Integrate with existing enterprise security, directory, and business systems. |
• | Integrate with any Wi-Fi network, whether customer-owned networks or third-party provider networks. |
• | Embrace new access methods, devices, and applications. |
• | Support scalable unique users (1.3 million in 2013), authentications (12.4 million in 2013), and Wi-Fi enabled sessions (62.0 million in 2013) across both our paid and unpaid footprint. |
Global Wi-Fi Footprint: We have a Wi-Fi network footprint and supply chain that consists of 2.2 million hotspots across 130 countries and territories, including major airports, convention centers, airplanes, trains, train stations, hotels, restaurants, retail, small business locations and community access points. Our technology integration across multiple global network providers forms the basis of our network services and we believe creates a unique cost advantage for our customers. We typically contract with network service providers, integrate their networks into our global infrastructure, and monitor their performance to ensure that our customers have a consistent and reliable end user experience.
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• | Our paid Wi-Fi footprint supported 5.0 million usage hours and 6.0 million network sessions in 2013 on an average of approximately 90,000 unique monthly Wi-Fi network users. |
• | Hotspots that cover 95% of the world’s top 100 airports and 72,000 hotels and convention centers. |
Business Portfolio
Our business consists of two segments: (i) Mobility Services and (ii) iPass Unity Network Services (formerly referred to as "Managed Network Services"). Our Mobility Services segment comprises two service offerings: (1) Open Mobile Enterprise Services, and (2) Open Mobile Exchange.
Mobility Services (Collectively referred to as Open Mobile or “OM”):
Open Mobile Enterprise Services (“iPass OME” or “OME”): We provide iPass OME to large enterprises to deliver enhanced network mobility services, addressing large enterprises’ needs to manage their mobility economics, high speed network connectivity requirements and proliferation of mobile devices, including the “bring-your-own-device” trend. OME has evolved from our Enterprise Mobility Services offerings as we focus on our Open Mobile business and migrate away from our legacy iPassConnect ("iPC") platform, or iPC services. OME consists primarily of our network services and platform services, as follows:
Network Services: Our virtual network provides our enterprise and carrier customers access to 2.2 million global commercial Wi-Fi hotspots across 130 countries globally and across leading Wi-Fi venues. Our offerings span multiple geographies and are primarily focused on Wi-Fi access technologies. As such, we continue to wind down our legacy Dial-up and 3G connectivity options as we focus our efforts on the Wi-Fi market.
Platform Services: Our cloud-based Open Mobile Platform enables enterprise users to connect from most mobile devices over a wide range of networks. These services allow our customers to effectively manage their mobile workforces by controlling costs, enforcing compliance and ensuring security when workers connect their mobile devices to the Internet and wireless networks. Effective July 1, 2012 we announced the end-of-life of our legacy iPC platform and continued to manage the wind down of the legacy platform in 2013.
Open Mobile Exchange (“iPass OMX” or “OMX”): We provide our iPass OMX service offerings to global telecommunications carriers and service providers to extend and enhance their core mobility and internet offerings by integrating our Open Mobile Platform technology and our worldwide Wi-Fi Network, to allow global telecommunications carriers and service providers to seamlessly connect their customers and subscribers to preferred global Wi-Fi networks.
iPass Unity Network Services (“iPass Unity” or "Unity")
iPass Unity is focused on delivering and managing high speed Wi-Fi and WAN managed network solutions to customers in a variety of industries, including retail, financial services, and healthcare.
Our Strategy
We intend to leverage our unique set of mobility assets across our business portfolio offerings to drive growth in users, customers and Wi-Fi usage with a committed focus on smartphone and tablet adoption and delivering customer satisfaction via enhanced end user experience across our platform and network.
Our strategy consists of the following key elements and initiatives specific to our OM and iPass Unity service offerings:
Open Mobile (OM)
• | Increased Penetration in Existing Customers: Expand our understanding of our enterprise customers’ end users experience to drive additional virality, penetration, usage, and ultimately revenue. We strive to leverage big data concepts, optimize business intelligence, and turn user insights into actionable steps to improve our customer activation rates and connection success rates. |
• | New Customer Acquisition: Judiciously invest in sales and marketing programs to increase brand awareness, deepen lead generation activities, and drive organic revenue growth. We intend to expand beyond the traditional enterprise and carrier customers into other consumer and travel related companies that are heavy users of Wi-Fi connectivity. |
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• | Continue to Optimize the End User Experience: Smartphones and tablets (“SP&T”) continue to be a largely untapped market for global Wi-Fi roaming. By continuing to focus on improving service quality, connectivity success rates, and leading the evolution of the global Wi-Fi ecosystem, we plan to drive improvements in the global user experience which we expect will translate to increased user demand in the billion plus market of Wi-Fi enabled mobile devices. |
iPass Unity
• | Drive Revenue Growth and Profitability: We intend to drive revenue growth and profitability in our iPass Unity business by focusing on new customer acquisition and upsell opportunities with existing customers of our managed Wi-Fi service offerings and leveraging channels to broaden and deepen our market penetration. |
• | Explore Strategic Alternatives for Unity: As announced on February 12, 2014, based on unsolicited inbound interest, we are exploring a potential sale or other strategic alternative for the Unity business. No decision to sell Unity has been made and we may ultimately conclude that we will not sell Unity. |
Geographic Revenue
Mobility service revenue and iPass Unity revenue are derived from the following geographical locations:
For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | ||||||
United States | ||||||||
Mobility Service Revenues | 26 | % | 31 | % | 37 | % | ||
iPass Unity Network Service Revenues | 30 | % | 26 | % | 21 | % | ||
International | ||||||||
Mobility Service Revenues | 44 | % | 43 | % | 42 | % | ||
Geographic revenues are determined by the location of the customer’s headquarters. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of our revenues.
For further financial information on the Mobility Services and iPass Unity segments, as well as long-lived assets and geographic information, refer to the information contained in Note 14, “Segment and Geographic Information,” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 15. For risks attendant to foreign operations, see the risk entitled “Because a meaningful portion of our business is international, we encounter additional risks, which may impact our revenues and profitability” in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Form 10-K.
Seasonality
We generally experience seasonality in our business due to decreased business travel during the summer, particularly in Europe, and during the year-end holiday season which results in lower usage of our network services. Seasonal trends may cause fluctuations in our business results.
Network Service Providers
We have contractual relationships with approximately 250 telecommunications carriers, internet service providers and other network service providers that enable us to offer our network services around the world. We pay network service providers for access to their network on a usage, session or subscription basis. Most of these contracts have a one or two-year term, after which either party can terminate the contract with notice. The contracts we have entered into with providers are non-exclusive and may contain minimum commitments for the purchase of network access.
Sales and Marketing
Our sales organizations are structured into regional account teams, which include sales management, sales engineers and customer success teams. In our Mobility Services business, we sell our services directly through our global sales force and indirectly through our reseller and carrier partners. In our iPass Unity business, we sell services directly through our sales force and indirectly through our reseller partners in the United States. We maintain sales offices or personnel in a number of cities in the United States as well as in the United Kingdom, India, Australia, Japan, Germany, France, Singapore, Netherlands, and China. As of December 31, 2013, our sales organization comprised 69 individuals: 36 in North America, 27 in
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Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) and 6 in Asia Pacific. Our sales and marketing expenses were $18.3 million, $19.5 million and $20.7 million in 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.
Our reseller partners, OEM carriers and carrier partners typically sign a one to two-year agreement with us through which we appoint them as a non-exclusive reseller of our services. Their reseller responsibilities vary and may include actively marketing and selling our services, deploying and supporting customer accounts, and implementing and managing billing for their customers. Our current sales structure allows us to offer our services without incurring the full cost of customer acquisition (sales and marketing) or customer post-sales support. Our reseller partners, OEM carriers and carrier partners typically sell complementary hardware, software, and services, and bundle our services with their core offerings. They may also have a base of existing customers to whom they can efficiently sell our portfolio of services. In many cases our salespeople do support our reseller partners, OEM carriers and carrier partners with closing new business, and our post-sales team may work with them to ensure successful implementation of our services. However, the enterprise or consumer remains the customer of our reseller partners, OEM carriers or carrier partners and has no direct financial relationship with us.
We focus our marketing efforts on establishing a strong corporate reputation in the market, creating awareness and preference for our services and their benefits, educating potential customers, generating new sales opportunities, generating end-user awareness and demand within existing customer accounts and enabling our sales force and channel partners to effectively sell and provide our service offerings. We conduct a variety of marketing programs that may include advertising, promotions, public relations, analyst relations, telemarketing, direct marketing, web and e-mail marketing, collateral and sales tools creation, seminars, events and trade shows, training, co-operative channel marketing, internet marketing and promotions.
Competition
The market for mobile connectivity targeted at global travelers is fragmented with a variety of competitors, both direct and indirect, including telecom operators, cloud-based platform operators, cable companies, and smaller internet service providers. As our primary customer is the enterprise user, we partner with many point Wi-Fi providers to drive incremental users to their connectivity resources, helping to further monetize their assets via our roaming customer base. Our unique authentication fabric and global partnership with over 150 Wi-Fi networks creates a scale and user experience that we believe is hard to replicate by any single competitor and creates an important differentiating factor for us. However, since we do not own our Wi-Fi network, our competitors who own their Wi-Fi networks can offer lower Wi-Fi pricing than we can offer in specific markets, can bundle Wi-FI network access with other services, and can use these additional service offerings to drive increased brand awareness.
We believe the principal competitive factors in our industry include the following:
• | Global roaming coverage; |
• | Ease of use and reliability of service; |
• | Price, both directly of Wi-Fi connectivity, and of alternative connectivity options such as 3G/4G; |
• | Brand awareness; |
• | Perceived benefit of connectivity by employees and business travelers; and |
• | Bundled connectivity services. |
See section 1A – Risk factors for additional details regarding competitive factors that could adversely impact our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Research and Development
We are committed to continuing to enhance our underlying technology and continuing to innovate and incorporate new technologies and features into our services and network architecture. Our research and development efforts are focused on improving and enhancing our platform and service offerings as well as developing new services, especially for smartphones and tablets. As of December 31, 2013, our research and development organization consisted of 115 employees, approximately 49 in North America and 66 in Asia Pacific. Our research and development expenses were $13.3 million, $13.7 million and $14.4 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Intellectual Property
We believe our technology and platform contains valuable intellectual property and we rely on a combination of trademark, copyright, trade secret laws, patents and disclosure restrictions to protect these intellectual property rights. We
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license third-party technologies that are incorporated into our services. We also enter into confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements with our employees, consultants and other third parties and control access to software, documentation and other proprietary information. We have a patent portfolio, related to our Mobility Services and iPass Unity businesses consisting of twenty-four U.S. patents, and six international patents. Our patents expire between 2016 and 2025. We currently have ten U.S. patent applications pending, and sixteen international patent applications pending (in the same subject areas as the U.S. patent applications). iPass and the iPass logo are registered trademarks. We have also applied for or registered company trademarks in the U.S. and numerous other countries.
Employees
As of December 31, 2013, we had 350 employees of which 199 were located in North America, 106 in Asia Pacific, and 45 in EMEA.
Available Information
We use our website, www.ipass.com, as a routine channel for distribution of important information, including news releases, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). All of these postings and filings are available on our website free of charge. The content on any website referred to in this Form 10-K is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K.
Item 1A. | Risk Factors |
Our business is subject to a number of risks, many of which are described below. If any of the events described in these risks factors actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected, which would likely have a corresponding impact on the value of our common stock. Further, the risk factors described below could cause actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this report. These risk factors should be reviewed carefully.
If our Open Mobile Platform does not achieve market acceptance or customer adoption and deployment of our Open Mobile Platform is slow, especially on smartphone and tablet devices, our ability to grow our Mobility Services business could be harmed.
The future success of our business will depend in large part on our current and prospective customers’ acceptance of our Open Mobile Platform and enterprise mobility services, as well as the timeliness of our customers’ adoption and deployment of our Open Mobile Platform. Key risks associated with our Open Mobile Platform and services are as follows:
Customer adoption and deployment of our Open Mobile Platform, especially on smartphone and tablet devices, may be slow. We believe that the growth of our business is dependent on the timely adoption and deployment of the Open Mobile Platform by our customers. In particular, smartphone and tablet devices are becoming more relied upon by our customers for their mobile computing needs and may cause our users to stop using laptops while traveling, or to use them less often. We believe it is critical for our business that our services for smartphone and tablet devices achieve market acceptance and that our customers rapidly adopt and deploy our services on smartphone and tablet devices. A material delay in the adoption and deployment of the Open Mobile Platform by our customers, on smartphone and tablet devices in particular, will adversely impact our ability to grow revenues and achieve profitability.
Customer deployment of our Open Mobile Platform may not result in increased use of our services. We believe it is important to the future success of our business that users of our Mobility Services increase their usage of our platform and network services. We believe that the deployment by our customers of our Open Mobile Platform, especially on smartphone and tablet devices, will lead to increased usage of our platform services and correspondingly, our network services, which will lead to an increase in our revenue. However, even if a significant portion of our customers deploy our Open Mobile Platform, there is no guarantee that our customers will use our services more frequently.
Our Open Mobile Platform may not have all functionality desired by our customers. There is risk that we may not release versions of the Open Mobile Platform in a timely manner that contain features that our customers desire and we will need to provide our customers with stable, easy to use, feature-rich and valuable enterprise mobility services related to security, policy control, user activation, authentication and reporting. Further, the Open Mobile Platform may contain technological limitations, bugs or errors that would cause our customers to not adopt or delay the adoption of the Open Mobile Platform. If
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some or all of these risks associated with our Open Mobile Platform were to occur, market acceptance of the platform may not occur and our business could be harmed.
Customers must be willing to continue to pay for our platform for us to generate meaningful revenues and growth. We believe that it is important that the value proposition of our Open Mobile Platform is accepted by our customers such that they are willing to pay for their users to use our mobility services. If our customers are willing to adopt our Open Mobile Platform but are not willing to pay for the platform, our ability to grow revenues and achieve profitability could be adversely impacted.
If our OMX service offerings do not achieve market acceptance our ability to grow our business could be harmed.
Our OMX service offerings were introduced in 2011 and incorporate our Open Mobile Platform, global authentication fabric, and global Wi-Fi network to provide mobile network operators, telecommunication carriers and service provider partners around the world with the infrastructure to offer their customers new mobility services. We have entered into contracts with a number of customers for our OMX services; but developments and ramping revenues take time to develop. We have and plan to continue to devote significant resources building our OMX service line of business. If OMX service offerings do not achieve market acceptance and generate meaningful revenue our financial condition may be harmed.
If Global 3G/4G data roaming rates decline precipitously, our ability to grow our business could be harmed.
For our network services to be attractive to our customers, the cost of 3G/4G roaming must be meaningfully greater than the cost of our Wi-Fi network services. Currently, in certain geographies such as Asia, 3G/4G roaming prices are not significantly higher than our rates for Wi-Fi access. In Europe, legislation has been enacted mandating the reduction of wholesale 3G/4G roaming prices. If 3G/4G roaming prices do not remain meaningfully higher than our Wi-Fi network prices then our ability to sell our Mobility Services could be impacted and our business harmed.
Our decision to “End-of-Life” our legacy iPC platform product has and will continue to impact our total revenues.
As of July 1, 2012 our iPC or legacy platform reached end-of-life. While the iPC platform will continue to function for existing customers, we will only provide basic support and only for customers that pay extended support fees. While we believe that the end-of-life of iPC will encourage our customers to migrate to our Open Mobile platform, iPC customers may decide to instead terminate their service with us. If the number of iPC customers who decide to terminate their service with us is greater than expected, our results of operations could be negatively impacted.
If key global Wi-Fi venues offer “no charge” Internet access to all users, our network revenues could be negatively affected.
We derive a significant portion of our network revenue from providing Wi-Fi access in certain key venues (e.g., hotels, airports and cafes). In general, these venues charge their customers for Wi-Fi access. If these venues begin offering Wi-Fi access at no charge, the amount we can charge our customers for Wi-Fi access at these venues will likely decrease or we may not charge our customers for Wi-Fi access at these venues. For example, Starbucks and certain airports in the United States have ceased charging their customers for Wi-Fi access and we have experienced reduced revenues as a result. If this trend continues at other key Wi-Fi venues, our network revenues and overall profitability may be negatively impacted.
If we do not accurately predict network usage for our Flat Rate price plans, our costs could increase without a corresponding increase in network revenue.
A significant number of our customers have purchased our Flat Rate network price plans, and we are signing new customers to this plan. In this plan, our customers pay a flat rate price to access our network services. However, in the majority of situations we continue to pay our providers based on actual network usage. The rate we charge in our Flat Rate price plans is based on statistical predictions of usage across a pool of users within a customer. If actual usage is higher than expected our ability to achieve profitability could be negatively impacted.
If demand for mobility services does not grow or grows in ways that do not require use of our services, we may experience a decline in revenues and profitability.
The growth of our business is dependent, in part, upon the increased use of mobility services and our ability to capture a higher proportion of this market. If the demand for mobility services does not continue to grow, or grows in ways that do not require use of our services, then we may not be able to grow our business, or achieve or maintain profitability. Increased usage of our Mobility Services depends on numerous factors, including:
• | Willingness of enterprises to make additional information technology expenditures; |
• | Availability of security services necessary to ensure data privacy over a variety of networks; |
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• | Quality, cost and functionality of our services and competing services; |
• | Increased adoption of wireless broadband access methods and our ability to support these new methods; |
• | Proliferation of smartphones, tablets and mobile handheld devices and related applications, and our ability to provide valuable services and support for those devices; |
• | Our ability to partner with mobile network operators and service providers that are willing to stimulate consumer awareness and adoption of our Mobility Services; and |
• | Our ability to timely implement technology changes to our services to meet evolving industry standards for mobile devices, Wi-Fi network access and customer business requirements. |
If we are unable to meet the challenges posed by Wi-Fi access, our ability to profitably grow our business may be impaired.
A substantial portion of the growth of our business has depended, and will continue to depend, in part upon our ability to expand our global Wi-Fi network. Such an expansion may not result in additional revenues to us. Key challenges in expanding our Wi-Fi network include:
The Wi-Fi access market continues to develop at a rapid pace. We derive a significant portion of our revenues from wireless broadband “hotspots,” such as certain airports, hotels and convention centers. The Wi-Fi access market, continues to develop rapidly, in particular: the market for enterprise connectivity services through Wi-Fi is characterized by evolving industry standards and specifications and there is currently no uniform standard for Wi-Fi access. Furthermore, although the use of wireless frequencies generally does not require a license in the United States and abroad, if Wi-Fi frequencies become subject to licensing requirements, or are otherwise restricted, this would substantially impair the growth of Wi-Fi access. Some large telecommunications providers and other stakeholders that pay large sums of money to license other portions of the wireless spectrum may seek to have the Wi-Fi spectrum become subject to licensing restrictions. If the Wi-Fi access market develops in ways that limit access growth, our ability to generate substantial revenues from Wi-Fi access could be harmed.
The Wi-Fi service provider market is highly fragmented. There are currently many Wi-Fi service providers that provide coverage in only one or a small number of hotspots. We have entered into contractual relationships with numerous Wi-Fi service providers. These contracts generally have an initial term of two years or less. We must continue to develop relationships with many providers on terms commercially acceptable to us to provide adequate coverage for our customers’ mobile workers and to expand our Wi-Fi coverage. We may also be required to develop additional technologies to integrate new wireless broadband services into our service offering. If we are unable to develop these relationships or technologies, our ability to grow our business could be impaired.
Consolidation of large Wi-Fi service providers may impair our ability to expand network service coverage, negotiate favorable network access terms, and deliver consistent service in our network. The telecommunications industry is rapidly evolving and highly competitive. These factors may cause large Wi-Fi network service providers to consolidate, which would reduce the number of network service providers from which we are able to obtain network access in key locations. If significant consolidation occurs, we will have a smaller number of network service providers to acquire Wi-Fi network access from and we may not be able to provide additional or sufficient redundant access points in some geographic areas, which could diminish our ability to provide broad, reliable, redundant coverage. Further, our ability to negotiate favorable access rates from Wi-Fi network service providers could be impaired, which could increase our network access expenses and harm our operating results.
Wi-Fi service provider actions may restrict our ability to sell our services. Some Wi-Fi network providers restrict our ability to sell access to their networks to our resellers whom they consider competitive with them. This can reduce our revenue by limiting the footprint our partners can make available to their customers.
Significant dependency on key network providers could negatively affect our revenues.
There are certain venues (hotels, airports, airplanes, cafes, etc.) globally where we depend on key providers for network access in those venues. In addition, in certain geographies we depend on a small number of providers for a large portion of network access. If such a provider were to go out of business, terminate their agreement with us, encounter technical difficulty such that network access was not available to our customers for an extended period of time, it could have a negative impact on our revenues and profitability if we cannot find an alternative provider to enable network access in those venues or geographies.
We face competition in the market for mobility services, which could make it difficult for us to succeed.
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While we do not believe there are service providers in the mobility services market that offer a platform or range of services in an integrated offering as we do, we compete with a variety of service providers, including facilities-based carriers, cloud-based platform operators and mobility management solution providers. Some of these providers have substantially greater resources, larger customer bases, longer operating histories and/or greater name recognition than we have. In addition, we face the following challenges:
Many of our competitors can compete on price. Because many of our facilities-based competitors own and operate physical networks they may be able to provide additional hotspot access at little incremental cost to them. As a result, they may offer network access services at a lower cost, and may be willing to discount or subsidize network access services to capture other sources of revenue. In contrast, we have traditionally purchased network access from facilities-based network service providers to enable our network access service and in these cases, may not be able to compete aggressively on price. In addition, new cloud-based platform operators may enter the mobility services market and compete on price. In either case, we may lose business or be forced to lower our prices to compete, which could reduce our revenues.
Many of our competitors offer additional services that we do not, which enables them to bundle these services and compete favorably against us. Some of our competitors provide services that we do not, such as 3G/4G data roaming, local exchange and long distance services, voicemail and digital subscriber line, or DSL, services. Potential customers that desire these services on a bundled basis may choose to subscribe to network access from a competitor that provides these additional services.
Our potential customers may have unrelated business relationships with our competitors and consider those relationships when deciding between our services and those of our competitors. Many of our competitors are large facilities-based carriers that purchase substantial amounts of services or provide other services or goods unrelated to network access services. As a result, if a potential customer is also a supplier to one of our large competitors, or purchases unrelated services or goods from our competitor, the potential customer may be motivated to purchase its network access services from our competitor to maintain or enhance its business relationship with that competitor. In addition, our current or potential carrier customers may already have or may consider buying services from mobility management solution providers which may impact our ability to sell our services to those customers as well as drive market prices down for the services that we offer.
Users may take advantage of free Wi-Fi networks for Internet and corporate access. Telecommunications providers may offer free Wi-Fi as part of a home broadband or other service contract, which may force down the prices which the market will bear for our services and could reduce our revenues.
We face strong competition in the market for managed network services, which could make it difficult for us to grow.
In the market for managed network services, where our iPass Unity business competes, we compete with a variety of large connectivity service providers, many of whom own their own networks. We see the competition from these larger service providers, which own their own networks, in two primary ways: first in that they can provide a broader range of network options, for example, MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching), Frame Relay, Wire line and Wireless Voice, and, second, they can integrate their separate products providing cross-product subsidization. There are also small regional players with a similar model to ours who compete with us. If we are not able to offer competitively priced offerings that are profitable for us, we may have difficulty growing our Managed Network Services business.
If our carrier and channel partners do not successfully market our Mobility Services to their customers, then our ability to grow our revenues could be impaired.
We sell our services directly through our sales force and indirectly through our channel partners, which include telecommunication carriers, systems integrators and value-added resellers. A large percentage of our sales outside the United States are made through our carrier and channel partners. Our business depends on the efforts and the success of these carrier and channel partners in marketing our services to their customers. Our own ability to promote our services directly to our carrier and channel partners’ customers is often limited. Many of our carrier and channel partners may offer services to their customers that may be similar to, or competitive with, our services. Therefore, these channel partners may not actively promote our services. If our channel partners fail to market our services effectively, our ability to grow our revenue could be reduced and our business may be impaired.
Our revenue and overall profitability may be adversely impacted by material reductions in existing customer and partner purchase commitments.
Our customers and partners have traditionally entered into contractual provisions that require them to pay the greater of the fees generated from the use of our services or a minimum committed amount over a pre-determined time period. Minimum commitments are negotiated by customers to improve their unit pricing, effectively guaranteeing a certain volume to
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achieve a reduced unit price. Recent global economic conditions in certain cases caused our customers and partners to generate fees from the use of our services that are significantly less than their minimum committed amounts. Consequently this shortfall has caused some partners and customers upon renewal of their contracts with us, to renew with a lower minimum commitment and in some cases with no minimum commitment. Additionally, in some cases partners and customers are requesting a re-evaluation of their minimum commitments on a prospective basis during the term of their existing contract; to maintain these commercial relationships, we have addressed these requests on a contract by contract basis. The reduction or elimination of minimum purchase commitments could result in lower future revenues.
Our software is complex and may contain errors that could damage our reputation and decrease usage of our services.
Our software may contain errors that interrupt network access or have other unintended consequences. If network access is disrupted due to a software error, or if any other unintended negative results occur, such as the loss of billing information, a security breach, unauthorized access to our cloud-based platform or the introduction of a virus by our software onto our customers’ computers or networks, our reputation could be harmed and our business may suffer. Our contracts generally limit our exposure to incidental and consequential damages and to the extent possible, we further limit our exposure by entering into insurance policies that are designed to protect our customers and us from these and other types of losses. If these contract provisions are not enforced or enforceable, or if liabilities arise that are not effectively limited or insured, our operating results and financial condition could be harmed.
Because a meaningful portion of our business is international, we encounter additional risks, which may impact our revenues and profitability.
We generate a substantial portion of our revenues from international customers. Revenues from customers domiciled outside of the United States were approximately 44% of our revenues in 2013, of which approximately 34% and 9% were generated in the EMEA and Asia Pacific regions, respectively. The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. Dollar and we currently bill nearly all of our services in U.S. Dollars. However, we pay certain expenses in local currencies. During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, we have not entered into any hedging contracts to manage foreign currency exposure. Our international operations subject our business to specific risks that could negatively impact our business, including:
• | Generally longer payment cycles for foreign customers; |
• | The impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on both the attractiveness of our USD-based pricing and our operating results, particularly upon the re-measurement of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the transactional settlement of outstanding local currency liabilities; |
• | High taxes in some foreign jurisdictions; |
• | Difficulty in complying with Internet and data privacy related regulations in foreign jurisdictions; |
• | Difficulty enforcing intellectual property rights and weaker laws protecting these rights; and |
• | Ability to efficiently deploy capital and generate returns in foreign jurisdictions. |
We may be exposed to credit risk, collection risk and payment delinquencies on our accounts receivable.
A substantial majority of our outstanding accounts receivables are not secured. Our standard terms and conditions permit payment within a specified number of days following the receipt of our services. While we have procedures to monitor and limit exposure to credit risk on our receivables, there can be no assurance such procedures will effectively limit our collection risk and avoid losses. In addition, under poor global economic conditions, certain of our customers have faced and may face liquidity concerns and have delayed and may delay or may be unable to satisfy their payment obligations, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.
Our sales cycles are lengthy and could require us to incur substantial costs that may not result in related revenues.
Our business is characterized by a lengthy sales cycle. Once a contract with a customer is signed there is typically an extended period before the customer or customer’s end-users actually begin to use our services,
which is when we begin to realize network revenues. As a result, we may invest a significant amount of time and effort in attempting to secure a customer which may not result in any revenues in the near term. Even if we enter into a contract, we may have incurred substantial sales-related expenses well before we recognize any related revenues. If the expenses associated with sales efforts increase and, we are not successful in our sales efforts, or we are unable to generate associated offsetting revenues in a timely manner, our operating results could be harmed.
Cyber security risks and privacy concerns related to Internet-based services could reduce demand for our services.
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The secure transmission of confidential information and mission critical data when using Internet-based services is extremely important to our customers. A key component of our ability to attract and retain customers is the security measures that we have engineered into our network for the authentication of the end-user’s credentials. These measures are designed to protect against unauthorized access to our customers’ networks. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage networks change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures against unauthorized access or sabotage. If an actual or perceived breach of network security occurs, that is attributable to our services, the market perception of the effectiveness of our cyber security measures could be harmed resulting in a negative impact to our business.
As part of providing our services, we collect certain information about the users of our service. As such we must comply with evolving laws and regulations regarding the protection and disclosure of such user information. While we have taken steps to comply with applicable privacy laws and regulations and to protect user information, any well-publicized compromises of our users’ data may reduce demand for our services and harm our business.
We rely significantly on information technology to accurately bill our customers and any failure, inadequacy or interruption of that technology could negatively impact our ability to report on our financial performance on a timely basis.
A key component of our ability to attract and retain customers is the timely and accurate furnishing of monthly detail billing records of activity on our network, rated for the agreements in place with both our customers and our suppliers. Our ability to meet these billing requirements, as well as to effectively manage and maintain our books and records and internal reporting requirements, depends significantly on our internal information technology.
If licenses to third party technologies do not continue to be available to us at a reasonable cost, or at all, our business and operations may be adversely affected.
We license technologies from several software providers that are incorporated into our services. We anticipate that we will continue to license technology from third parties in the future. Licenses to third party technologies may not continue to be available to us at a reasonable cost, or at all. The loss of the right to use these technologies or other technologies that we license could have an adverse effect on our services and increase our costs or cause interruptions, degradations or delays in our services until substitute technologies, if available, are developed or identified, licensed and successfully integrated into our services.
Litigation arising out of intellectual property infringement could be expensive and disrupt our business.
We cannot be certain that our services do not, or will not, infringe upon patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property rights held by third parties, or that other parties will not assert infringement claims against us. Any claim of infringement of proprietary rights of others, even if ultimately decided in our favor, could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources. Successful claims against us may result in an injunction or substantial monetary liability, which in either case could significantly impact our results of operations or materially disrupt the conduct of our business. If we are enjoined from using a technology, we will need to obtain a license to use the technology, but licenses to third-party technology may not be available to us at a reasonable cost, or at all.
To compete we must attract and retain key employees, and our failure to do so could harm our results of operations.
To compete we must attract and retain executives, sales representatives, engineers and other key employees. Hiring and retaining qualified executives, sales representatives and engineers are critical to our business, and competition for experienced employees in our industry can be intense. If we experience significant turnover of our executives, sales representatives, engineers and other key employees it will be difficult to achieve our business objectives and could adversely impact our results of operations.
There can be no assurances that the process currently undertaken to achieve a strategic transaction related to the Unity business will result in the consummation of any transaction.
As we have transitioned our focus exclusively towards our Open Mobile Enterprise Services business, we recently announced that we were exploring strategic alternatives, including a potential sale, of our Unity Network Services business. We may not achieve a sale or other transaction if potential acquirers do not ultimately determine to purchase the iPass Unity services business at a price that we find acceptable, or at all, in which case we would not receive any proceeds.
If we fail to develop and effectively market our brand, our operating results may be harmed.
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We believe that expanding awareness of the iPass brand is important to growing and achieving acceptance of our iPass Open Mobile Platform. We have recently increased our marketing efforts, including adding additional headcount, to further implement our global marketing objectives. These promotional and marketing activities may not result in any increased revenue. Further, any potential revenue increase as a result of these promotional and marketing activities may not offset the expenses incurred in further promoting the iPass brand.
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments |
None
Item 2. | Properties |
We lease approximately 48,000 square feet of space for our headquarters in Redwood Shores, California under a lease that expires in 2015. We also lease sales and support offices in other parts of the United States and abroad in EMEA and Asia Pacific. We believe that our principal facility in Redwood Shores, and sales and support offices in other parts of the United States and abroad are adequate for our business needs, and we expect that additional facilities will be available in other jurisdictions to the extent we need to add new offices.
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings |
Not applicable.
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures |
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 5. | Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |
Price Range of Common Stock
Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “IPAS”. The following table sets forth the intra-day high and low sale price of our common stock, in each quarterly period presented within the two most recent years, as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market:
Price range | |||||||
High | Low | ||||||
Year ended December 31, 2013: | |||||||
First Quarter | $ | 2.37 | $ | 1.85 | |||
Second Quarter | 2.08 | 1.56 | |||||
Third Quarter | 2.36 | 1.78 | |||||
Fourth Quarter | 2.20 | 1.29 | |||||
Year ended December 31, 2012: | |||||||
First Quarter | $ | 2.80 | $ | 1.33 | |||
Second Quarter | 2.70 | 2.07 | |||||
Third Quarter | 2.39 | 1.71 | |||||
Fourth Quarter | 2.21 | 1.65 | |||||
We had 64,391,698 shares of our common stock outstanding as of February 28, 2013, held by 126 holders of record, although there are a significantly larger number of beneficial owners of our common stock.
Dividends
We did not pay cash dividends on our common stock in 2013, 2012, or 2011. We currently do not expect to pay cash dividends, although the declaration of any future cash dividend is at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on the financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, business conditions and other factors, as well as a determination that cash dividends are in the best interest of our stockholders.
Performance Graph(1)
The performance line graph below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total return of the NASDAQ Market Index and the Russell 2000 Index for the five years ended December 31, 2013. The graph and table assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2008 in our common stock, the NASDAQ Market Index and the Russell 2000 Index and that all the dividends were reinvested.
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12/31/08 | 12/31/09 | 12/31/10 | 12/31/11 | 12/31/12 | 12/31/13 | ||||||||||||||||||
iPass Inc. | $ | 100.00 | $ | 119.05 | $ | 151.58 | $ | 172.20 | $ | 221.92 | $ | 190.39 | |||||||||||
Russell 2000 Index | 100.00 | 127.09 | 161.17 | 154.44 | 179.75 | 249.53 | |||||||||||||||||
NASDAQ Market Index | 100.00 | 145.34 | 171.70 | 170.34 | 200.57 | 281.15 | |||||||||||||||||
We do not believe that there is any published industry or line of business indices that are directly relevant to our line of business. In addition, we do not believe that we can construct a peer group index as many of the services similar to ours are only a small portion of the business of the companies providing such services. Consequently, in addition to the NASDAQ Market Index, we are comparing our stock price performance to the Russell 2000 Index because we believe that this broad market index provides a reasonable comparison of stockholder returns.
(1) This Section is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed “filed” with the SEC and is not to be incorporated by reference in any filing of iPass under the 1933 Act or the 1934 Act whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any such filing.
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data |
The following table sets forth selected financial data as of and for the last five fiscal years. This selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Item 15 of this report.
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data | |||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 111,115 | $ | 126,078 | $ | 140,761 | $ | 156,080 | $ | 171,377 | |||||||||
Total cost of revenues and operating expenses | 122,315 | 129,557 | 143,240 | 159,580 | 185,575 | ||||||||||||||
Operating loss | (11,200 | ) | (3,479 | ) | (2,479 | ) | (3,500 | ) | (14,198 | ) | |||||||||
Net loss | (12,312 | ) | (4,378 | ) | (3,008 | ) | (3,096 | ) | (13,492 | ) | |||||||||
Basic and diluted net loss per share | (0.19 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.05 | ) | (0.05 | ) | (0.22 | ) | |||||||||
Cash dividends declared per common share | — | — | — | 0.07 | 0.48 | ||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 54,916 | $ | 60,124 | $ | 63,105 | $ | 73,982 | $ | 89,563 | |||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 29,242 | 36,901 | 37,447 | 37,822 | 47,986 | ||||||||||||||
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
This section is organized as follows:
Key Corporate Objectives | Our overall strategy and goals |
Significant Trends and Events | Operating, financial and other material highlights affecting our company |
Key Operating Metrics | Discussion of key metrics and measures that we use to evaluate our operating performance |
Segment Financial Information and Geographic Information | Discussion of the two segments of our business: Mobility Services and iPass Unity |
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates | Accounting policies and estimates that we believe are most important to understanding the assumptions and judgments incorporated in our reported financial results |
Results of Operations | An analysis of our financial results comparing the years ended December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 |
Liquidity and Capital Resources | An analysis of changes in our balance sheets and cash flows, and discussion of our financial condition and potential sources of liquidity |
Overview
We provide global enterprises and telecommunication carriers with cloud-based mobility management and network connectivity services. As announced on February 12, 2014, we are exploring a potential sale or other strategic alternative for our Unity business. For a detailed discussion of our business, see “Item 1. Business.”
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Key Corporate Objectives
We are focused on driving revenue growth and profitability by adding new customers through increased brand awareness, improving our customer activation rates, and increasing user demand in smartphone and tablets with optimized end user experience. Our plan is to continue to expand the strategic value of our business by leveraging our mobility assets to address both large and compelling market opportunities and to execute on key growth initiatives in our businesses. For a detailed discussion regarding our key corporate objectives, see section entitled “Our Strategy” under “Item 1. Business.”
Significant Trends and Events
The following describes significant trends and events that impacted our financial condition, results of operations, and/or the direction of our business in 2013:
Continued Focus on our Open Mobile Enterprise Business
We have continued to show solid progress against two key metrics for our OME business: (i) the number of active Open Mobile Platform users; and (ii) the number of Open Mobile Wi-Fi Network users. During 2013, we steadily increased our percentage of Open Mobile Platform users as a percentage of total platform users from 55% for the fourth quarter of 2012 to 83% for the fourth quarter of 2013. In addition, we grew our percentage of Open Mobile Wi-Fi Network users as a percentage of total Wi-Fi network users from 43% for the fourth quarter of 2012 to 79% for the fourth quarter of 2013. Our Open Mobile growth has been driven by a combination of legacy platform customer migrations, migrated customer user and usage ramps, and new customer acquisition. We continue to release updates to our Open Mobile platform, creating enhanced user experiences on a variety of operating systems. We expect to grow Wi-Fi revenues in the future based on our ability to grow Open Mobile platform and Wi-Fi network users, primarily through the continued focus on the deployment of our Open Mobile platform on smartphone and tablet devices. See “Key Operating Metrics” below for a full discussion of our user metrics.
Successful Deployments in our Open Mobile Exchange Business
We are continuing to develop our OMX business, adding functionality and building-out the network of key partners including telecommunication carriers and service providers. During 2013, we began to see signs of successful deployments. In 2014, we expect these deployments to scale and begin to provide network user and platform user metrics consistent with how we describe the OME business. Total OMX revenue grew from $0.8 million in 2012 to $2.4 million in 2013, representing 2.1% of our total 2013 revenue. In addition, we expect to narrow the focus to our OM business as a whole and view the OME and OMX businesses together.
Continued Decline in our Legacy Revenues
We define our legacy revenue to include Dial-up and 3G network, our iPC platform, and related platform services, as well as iPC driven network usage, including iPC user driven Wi-Fi, and minimum commit shortfall. As we exit 2013 with roughly 85% of our platform and Wi-Fi network users on the OM platform, expect that we will discontinue discussions of our stand-alone legacy business in 2014, focusing most of our metrics on the OM business. We have continued to effectively manage the wind down of our legacy revenue streams, with legacy declining 55% year over year and representing less than 20% of revenue in the fourth quarter of 2013. We expect legacy revenue to represent a smaller percentage of mobility revenue in 2014.
Key Operating Metrics
Described below are key metrics that we use to evaluate our operating performance and our success in transforming our business and driving future growth.
OM Wi-Fi Network Users
OM Wi-Fi Network Users is the number of our platform users each month in a given quarter that paid for Wi-Fi network services from iPass.
OM Platform Active Users
OM Platform Active Users is the number of users who were billed Open Mobile platform fees and who have used or deployed Open Mobile.
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The following table summarizes our key operating metrics in relation to the Average Number of Monthly Monetized Users(1) (in thousands):
For the Quarter Ended | ||||||||||||||
December 31, 2013 | September 30, 2013 | June 30, 2013 | March 31, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||
Open Mobile Users: | ||||||||||||||
Wi-Fi Network Users(2) | 67 | 59 | 56 | 46 | 35 | |||||||||
Platform Users: | ||||||||||||||
Active | 622 | 574 | 517 | 444 | 355 | |||||||||
Gross(3) | 1,017 | 1,019 | 1,019 | 955 | 822 | |||||||||
Legacy Users: | ||||||||||||||
Wi-Fi Network Users(2) | 18 | 21 | 31 | 40 | 46 | |||||||||
Other Network Users(4) | 19 | 20 | 23 | 26 | 28 | |||||||||
Platform Users(5) | 125 | 151 | 201 | 246 | 286 | |||||||||
Total AMMU(1): | ||||||||||||||
Total Network Users | 104 | 100 | 110 | 112 | 109 | |||||||||
Open Mobile as a Percentage of Total Wi-Fi Network Users | 79 | % | 74 | % | 64 | % | 53 | % | 43 | % | ||||
Open Mobile as Percentage of Total Network Users | 64 | % | 59 | % | 51 | % | 41 | % | 32 | % | ||||
Total Platform Users | 747 | 725 | 718 | 690 | 641 | |||||||||
Open Mobile as Percentage of Total Platform Users | 83 | % | 79 | % | 72 | % | 64 | % | 55 | % | ||||
(1) | We have presented Average Monthly Monetized Users (referred to as “AMMU”) as a metric that we use to track and evaluate the operating performance of our overall Mobility business. The AMMU metric is based on the number of active users of our network and platform services across both our Open Mobile Enterprise offering and legacy iPC offerings. Network users are billed for their use of our Wi-Fi, Dial-up or 3G network services. Platform users are billed for their use of our legacy iPC client or our Open Mobile client. AMMU is defined as the average number of users per month, during a given quarter, for which a fee was billed by us to a customer for such users. |
(2) | Wi-Fi Network Users represent unique users of Wi-Fi network. |
(3) | Open Mobile Platform Gross Users is the total number of unique Active and Paying-Undeployed monetized users on the OM platform. |
(4) | Other Network Users represents unique users of Dial-up and 3G network. |
(5) | Legacy Platform Users represents unique users of the legacy iPC platform. |
Smartphone and Tablet Users
Smartphone and Tablet Users mean users who have deployed Open Mobile on their smartphone or tablet and used those devices to access Wi-Fi network services from iPass. Our focus is to increase the adoption of OM on smartphones and tablets to drive additional Wi-Fi network users and network usage.
As we continue to focus on accelerating the adoption of smartphone and tablet users on our Open Mobile platform, we expect users of these devices to become an increasing percentage of our network users. Users grew as a percentage of total Open Mobile Wi-Fi Network Users from approximately 24% in December 2012 to 31% in 2013.
Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”)
Adjusted EBITDA is used by our management as a measure of operating efficiency, financial performance and as a benchmark against our peers and competitors. In addition, we also used this metric to determine a portion of our incentive compensation payouts. Management also believes that Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors because it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties to understand our performance excluding the impact of items which may obscure trends in our core operating performance. Furthermore, the use of Adjusted EBITDA facilitates comparisons with other companies in our industry which may use similar financial measures to supplement their GAAP (accounting principles generally accepted in the United States) results. We defined Adjusted EBITDA as net loss adjusted for: interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, restructuring charges, and certain state sales and federal tax charges. We adjust for these excluded items because we believe that, in general, these items possess one or more of the following characteristics: their magnitude and timing is largely outside of our control; they are unrelated to the ongoing operation of the business in the ordinary course; they are unusual or infrequent and we do not expect them to occur in the ordinary course of business; or non-cash expenses involving stock option grants. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure determined in accordance
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with GAAP and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for operating income (loss), net income (loss) or any other measure determined in accordance with GAAP.
The following table reconciles Adjusted EBITDA to GAAP net loss (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA income (loss) | $ | (5,143 | ) | $ | 960 | $ | (196 | ) | |||
Interest income (expense) | (18 | ) | 19 | 112 | |||||||
Income tax expense | (569 | ) | (642 | ) | (290 | ) | |||||
Depreciation of property and equipment | (2,776 | ) | (2,110 | ) | (2,259 | ) | |||||
Amortization of intangible assets | — | (169 | ) | (239 | ) | ||||||
Stock-based compensation | (3,163 | ) | (2,418 | ) | (1,725 | ) | |||||
Restructuring (charges) benefit | (653 | ) | (26 | ) | 151 | ||||||
Certain state sales tax and other discrete items | 10 | 8 | 1,438 | ||||||||
Net loss | $ | (12,312 | ) | $ | (4,378 | ) | $ | (3,008 | ) | ||
Segment Financial Information and Geographic Information
We operate our business and report under two segments: Mobility Services and iPass Unity. We allocate resources and assess the performance of each operating segment using information about its revenue and operating loss.
The Mobility Services segment reflects our two primary areas of mobility services, (i) enterprise mobility services that consist of Open Mobile Enterprise services, our legacy enterprise mobility services and other ancillary services including professional consulting and other value-add services, and (ii) our Open Mobile Exchange services that were launched in 2011. Open Mobile Enterprise services have evolved from our Enterprise Mobility Services offerings as we focus on our Open Mobile business and migrate away from our legacy iPC services.
For a more complete discussion of business risks that these segments face, both combined and individually, see the discussion that appears in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” of this Form 10-K.
For further financial information on the Mobility Services and iPass Unity segments and geographic information, refer to the information contained in Note 14, “Segment and Geographic Information,” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 15. For risks attendant to foreign operations, see the risk entitled “Because a meaningful portion of our business is international, we encounter additional risks, which may impact our revenues and profitability” in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates and judgments on our historical experience, knowledge of current conditions and our belief of what could occur in the future considering available information, including assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. By their nature, these estimates and judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty and actual results could differ materially from the amounts reported based on these policies. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition. We believe our most significant estimates, judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are used in the following critical accounting policies.
Revenue Recognition
Our revenue recognition policy requires us to make certain estimates and judgments, for example, in the recognition of monthly minimum commitment (“MMC”) revenue and upfront fees for iPass Unity contracts.
For customers that have agreed to a MMC fee in connection with network usage, such customer’s monthly invoice reflects the greater of the customer’s actual usage during the month or the customer’s contractually committed monthly minimum for that month. If the MMC exceeds actual usage (“Shortfall”), we determine whether the Shortfall is fixed or determinable in accordance with the revenue recognition criteria. If we conclude that the Shortfall is fixed or determinable,
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based upon customer specific collection history, and all other revenue recognition criteria have been met, we recognize as revenue the amount of the Shortfall which is invoiced. If the customer is in a Shortfall situation and it is determined that the Shortfall is not fixed or determinable, we recognize revenue only when the Shortfall is collected.
iPass Unity contracts are monthly flat fee contracts combined with certain other upfront fees such as, one-time non-recurring fees, which include equipment fees, installation, management set up, and shipping fees. The monthly flat usage fee is recognized on a monthly basis, while other fees are recognized ratably over the estimated life of the end point. An end point represents a separate physical location, such as a branch office, retail office or virtual office. End point lives are estimated based on historical average end point life by product group. We periodically perform an analysis of estimated lives of the end points and revise the remaining term over which revenue will be recognized, if needed. As of December 31, 2013, the expected period of performance for end points approximates four years.
Performance -Based Restricted Stock Awards
Certain restricted stock awards have performance-based goals based on the the achievement of targeted quarterly revenue of Open Mobile, targeted EBITA or targeted number of active Open Mobile monetized users, which require an assessment of the probability and timing of vesting. We amortize stock-based compensation expense for performance-based awards on a graded vesting basis over the vesting period, after assessing probability of achieving the requisite performance criteria. Estimating the time in which we expect to achieve the requisite performance criteria requires judgment. If events or circumstances occur that cause us to revise our estimated vest dates, we recognize the unamortized expense prospectively over the revised estimated vesting period. Such a change in estimated vest dates could have a material impact on our financial statements. We believe vesting of all performance-based restricted stock awards is probable.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2013-11, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists. ASU 2013-11 requires an entity to present an unrecognized tax benefit as a reduction of a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, or similar tax loss or tax credit carryforward, rather than as a liability when (1) the uncertain tax position would reduce the net operating loss or other carryforward under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction and (2) the entity intends to use the deferred tax asset for that purpose. This ASU is effective prospectively for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The Company will adopt ASU 2013-11 for its fiscal year, and interim periods within the year ending December 31, 2014. We do not expect that this guidance will materially impact our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Results of Operations
Sources of Revenues
From a broad perspective, we report and analyze revenue under two primary offerings reflecting our operating segments: Mobility Services and iPass Unity. Within Mobility Services, we differentiate and analyze our Open Mobile and legacy generated revenues separately.
Open Mobile generated revenues include:
• | Network—Wi-Fi and minimum customer commitments based on the number of network users sourced from the Open Mobile platform. |
• | Platform—Fees based on the number of Active Open Mobile monetized platform users and fees for fully dedicated Open Mobile carrier arrangements. |
• | Other Fees and Revenue—Fees specific to providing additional value add services to Open Mobile customers. |
• | OMX—Revenues generated from our OMX customers. |
Legacy generated revenues include:
• | Network—Wi-Fi and minimum customer commitments based on the number of network users sourced from the legacy iPC platform. In addition, network revenues derived from our 3G and Dial-up products are categorized as legacy network revenues. |
• | Platform—Fees based on the number of legacy iPC monetized platform users and fees related to legacy add-on platform products and related services. |
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• | Other Fees and Revenue—Fees specific to providing additional value add service to legacy iPC customers. |
For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||
Mobility Services | $ | 77,868 | $ | 92,674 | $ | 110,808 | |||||
Operating Loss (1) | (11,113 | ) | (2,750 | ) | (2,013 | ) | |||||
Open Mobile Enterprise: | 45,692 | 26,271 | 8,206 | ||||||||
Network | 29,710 | 13,963 | 1,724 | ||||||||
Platform | 15,048 | 11,585 | 5,834 | ||||||||
Other Fees | 934 | 723 | 648 | ||||||||
Open Mobile Exchange | 2,362 | 786 | 678 | ||||||||
Legacy iPC | 29,814 | 65,617 | 101,924 | ||||||||
Network | 22,380 | 53,180 | 85,743 | ||||||||
Platform | 3,954 | 9,785 | 13,387 | ||||||||
Other Fees | 3,480 | 2,652 | 2,794 | ||||||||
iPass Unity Network Services | 33,247 | 33,404 | 29,953 | ||||||||
Operating Income (Loss) (1) | 556 | (542 | ) | (1,753 | ) | ||||||
Total Revenue | 111,115 | 126,078 | 140,761 | ||||||||
Service Offering Revenue as a Percentage of Total Revenue: | |||||||||||
Mobility Services | 70 | % | 74 | % | 79 | % | |||||
Open Mobile Enterprise | 41 | % | 21 | % | 6 | % | |||||
Open Mobile Exchange | 2 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | |||||
Legacy iPC | 27 | % | 52 | % | 72 | % | |||||
iPass Unity Network Services | 30 | % | 26 | % | 21 | % | |||||
Total Revenue | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
(1) See Note 14 Segment and Geographic Information for reconciliation of segment operating loss.
Mobility Services Revenue
For the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to 2012, Mobility Service revenue decreased $14.8 million or 16% as the decrease in legacy iPC revenue of $35.8 million outpaced the increase in Open Mobile ("OM") revenue of $21.0 million. Legacy iPC declines were attributed to continued migrations to OM, customer terminations, and anticipated usage reductions in our 3G and Dial-up services. The net decline of $14.8 million for Mobility Services revenue was driven by a $5.0 million decline in Wi-Fi revenue, a $6.4 million decline in Dial-up and 3G revenue, a $3.6 million decline in MMC, and a $2.4 million decline in platform revenue offset by an increase in OMX and other revenues of $1.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively. The decrease in Wi-Fi, Dial-up and 3G revenues were driven by the continued and expected decline in usage and termination of legacy iPC customers. In addition, the ongoing pricing platform dynamics as user mix shifts away from laptops to less expensive smartphone and tablet pricing options also contributed to the platform revenue decline.
For the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to 2011, Mobility Service revenue decreased $18.1 million or 16% as the decrease in legacy iPC revenue of $36.3 million outpaced the increase in Open Mobile Enterprise revenue of $18.1 million. Legacy iPC declines were attributed to migrations, customer terminations, and anticipated usage reductions in our 3G and Dial-up services. The net decline of $18.1 million for Mobility Services revenue was driven by a $11.8 million decline in Wi-Fi revenue, a $6.9 million decline in Dial-up and 3G revenue, and a $1.6 million decline in MMC offset by an increase in platform revenues of $2.2 million. The decrease in Wi-Fi revenues was primarily driven by legacy iPC customer terminations and ongoing usage pattern shifts from laptops to smartphones and tablets. Additionally, as we migrate customers from the iPC platform to the Open Mobile platform, we experience delays in fully deploying the agent to the customer user community which typically results in lagging Wi-Fi usage patterns.
Mobility Service Operating Loss
The increase in Mobility Services operating loss by $8.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to 2012 was primarily due to the decrease in Mobility Service revenue of $14.8 million, partially offset by the decrease in mobility network access cost of $3.5 million and the decrease in mobility service operating expense of $2.9 million.
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The increase in Mobility Services operating loss by $0.7 million or 37% for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to 2011 was primarily due to the decrease in Mobility Service revenue of $18.1 million, partially offset by the decrease in mobility network access cost of $13.3 million and the decrease in mobility service operating expense of $2.6 million and non-recurring incremental benefit of $1.3 million in 2011 on collections of previously billed and accrued historical sales tax liabilities.
iPass Unity Network Services Revenue
iPass Unity Network Services revenues were relatively consistent for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to 2012.
For the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to 2011, iPass Unity revenue increased $3.5 million or 12% mainly due to growth in the number of installed customer endpoints.
iPass Unity Network Services Operating Income and Loss
The increase in iPass Unity operating income of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to 2012 was mainly due to ongoing cost reduction initiatives and a decrease in iPass Unity network access costs.
The decrease in iPass Unity operating loss of $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to 2011 was primarily due to the increase in iPass Unity revenue of $3.5 million, partially offset by an increase in iPass Unity network access cost of $1.3 million and $1.0 million in higher operating expenses.
Network Gross Margin
We use network gross margin as a metric to assist us in assessing the profitability of our various network services. Our overall network gross margin is defined as Mobility Services Network revenue plus iPass Unity revenue less network access costs divided by Mobility Services Network revenue plus iPass Unity revenue.
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | ||||||
Network Gross Margin (%) | 43.1 | % | 47.0 | % | 44.4 | % | ||
The 3.9% decrease in network gross margin from 2012 to 2013 was primarily due to decreases in higher margin revenues products such as monthly minimum commitment revenue and Dial-up, and higher usage by customers on flat rate price plan.
The 2.6% increase in network gross margin from 2011 to 2012 was primarily driven by favorable service mix as our declining 3G revenues, traditionally a lower margin offering, created less downward pressure on our overall network margin.
Cost of Revenues and Operating Expenses
Network Access Costs
Network access costs (“NAC”) consist of charges for network access which we pay to our network service providers and other direct cost of sales.
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||
Network access costs | $ | 49,490 | $ | 53,640 | $ | 65,766 | |||||
As a percentage of revenue | 44.5 | % | 42.5 | % | 46.7 | % | |||||
The decrease in NAC of approximately $4.2 million or 8% for 2013 compared to 2012 was primarily due to a combination of lower Wi-Fi, 3G and Dial-up network usage that decreased Mobility Services NAC by approximately $3.5 million, and a decrease in iPass Unity NAC of approximately $0.7 million.
The decrease in NAC of approximately $12.1 million or 18% for 2012 compared to 2011 was primarily due to a combination of lower Wi-Fi, 3G and Dial-up network usage that decreased Mobility Services NAC by approximately $13.4 million, partially offset by an increase in iPass Unity NAC of approximately $1.3 million on more endpoints deployed.
Network Operations
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Network operations expenses consist of compensation and benefits for our network engineering, customer support and network access quality personnel, outside consultants, transaction center fees, network equipment depreciation, costs of 3G data cards and allocated overhead costs.
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||
Network operations expense | $ | 19,200 | $ | 20,806 | $ | 22,307 | |||||
As a percentage of revenue | 17.3 | % | 16.5 | % | 15.8 | % | |||||
The decrease in network operations expenses of approximately $1.6 million or 10% for 2013 compared to 2012 was primarily due to decreases in headcount and consulting related expense of approximately $1.0 million as we continue to manage our cost structure, 3G mobile data cards subsidized expense of approximately $0.5 million as we continue to phase out the legacy 3G offering, and lower network infrastructure spend.
The decrease in network operations expenses of approximately $1.5 million or 7% for 2012 compared to 2011 was primarily due to a decrease in 3G mobile data cards subsidized expense of approximately $1.0 million.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses consist of compensation and benefits for our research and development personnel, consulting, and allocated overhead costs.
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||
Research and development expenses | $ | 13,317 | $ | 13,733 | $ | 14,368 | |||||
As a percentage of revenue | 12.0 | % | 10.9 | % | 10.2 | % | |||||
The decrease in research and development expenses of approximately $0.4 million or 4% for 2013 compared to 2012 was primarily due to lower headcount cost of approximately $0.5 million as we continue to manage our cost structure.
The decrease in research and development expenses of approximately $0.6 million or 4% for 2012 compared to 2011 was primarily due to lower third party consulting expense of approximately $0.7 million, much of which was spent in 2011 on the acceleration of the OM platform development.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses consist of compensation, benefits, advertising and promotion costs, and allocated overhead costs.
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||
Sales and marketing expenses | $ | 18,315 | $ | 19,530 | $ | 20,702 | |||||
As a percentage of revenue | 16.5 | % | 15.5 | % | 14.7 | % | |||||
The decrease in sales and marketing expenses of approximately $1.2 million or 8% for 2013 compared to 2012 was primarily due to lower headcount and consulting expense of approximately $1.0 million and severance charges of $0.2 million as we looked to optimize our sales and marketing team to support our OM initiatives in 2014.
The decrease in sales and marketing expenses of approximately $1.2 million or 6% for 2012 compared to 2011 was mainly due to lower severance charges and discretionary third party consulting expenses of $0.6 million and $0.4 million, respectively.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and benefits for general and administrative personnel, facilities, business information systems, legal and accounting expenses.
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Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
(In thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | $ | 21,340 | $ | 21,653 | $ | 20,009 | |||||
As a percentage of revenue | 19.2 | % | 17.2 | % | 14.2 | % | |||||
The decrease in general and administrative expenses of approximately $0.3 million or 2% for 2013 compared to 2012 was primarily due to a lower rent expense of $0.6 million, a decrease in headcount and consulting expense of $0.3 million, and a decrease in travel expense of $0.2 million, partially offset by an increase in expenses related to our going “live” with our new ERP system of $0.9 million.
The increase in general and administrative expenses of approximately $1.6 million or 8% for 2012 compared to 2011 was primarily due to the non-recurring incremental benefit of $1.3 million in 2011 on collections of previously billed and accrued historical sales tax liabilities, and an increase in stock based compensation of $0.5 million in 2012.
Restructuring Charges (Benefits) and Related Adjustments
In the first quarter of 2013, we announced a restructuring plan (Q1 2013 Plan) to re-align our cost structure to focus investments, resources and operating expenses on our growing Open Mobile business, which resulted in a workforce reduction of 16 positions across all functional areas and termination of a lease contract.
During the year ended December 31, 2009, we announced restructuring plans (2009 Plans) to reduce our operating costs and focus our resources on key strategic priorities, which resulted in a workforce reduction of 146 positions across all functional areas and abandonment of certain facilities and termination of a contract obligation. We completed all terminations by the first quarter of 2010.
We incurred a restructuring charge of approximately $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the restructuring charge of $26,000 and restructuring benefits of $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, and 2011, respectively. These activities were related to our Q1 2013 Plan or the adjustment of prior estimates related to our 2009 Plans.
Non-Operating Income and Expenses
Foreign Exchange Gains (Losses)
Foreign exchange gains (losses) primarily include realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency transactions. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations impact the re-measurement of certain assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar and generate unrealized foreign exchange gains or losses. In addition, certain of our network access costs are invoiced in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. The transactional settlement of these outstanding invoices and other cross-currency transactions generate realized foreign exchange gains or losses depending on the fluctuation of exchange rates between the date of invoicing and the date of payment.
During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, we did not enter into any hedging contracts and foreign exchange losses were $0.5 million, $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively. The foreign exchange loss in 2013 was mainly due to weakening of the U.S. dollar against Euro and British Pound at the time we settled certain non-U.S. Dollar denominated network access costs as well as the unfavorable re-measurement of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. The foreign exchange losses in 2012 and 2011 were primarily due to the unfavorable re-measurement of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities during each of those years.
Provision For (Benefit From) Income Taxes
The effective tax rate was a tax expense of 5% for 2013 and a tax expense of 17% for 2012. The 2013 decrease of effective tax rate was due to a decrease in foreign taxes and an increase in the current net operating loss. The effective tax rate in 2011 was an expense of 11%. The higher tax rate in 2012 was due to higher foreign tax expense.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
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December 31, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | Increase/ (Decrease) | |||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 24,017 | $ | 26,822 | $ | (2,805 | ) | ||||
As a percentage of total assets | 43.7 | % | 44.6 | % | |||||||
Operating Activities. Net cash used in operating activities in 2013 was $2.4 million, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $3.5 million in 2012 mainly due to an increase in net loss.
Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities in 2013 was approximately $1.6 million, compared to net cash used in investing of $3.5 million in 2012, with the reduction mainly due to investment in our new ERP system in 2012 that went "live" in January 2013.
Financing Activities. Net cash provided by financing activities in 2013 was $1.2 million, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $1.4 million in 2012, with reduction mainly due to approximately $0.3 million of principal payments for vendor financed property and equipment in 2013.
Sources of Cash and Future Cash Requirements
We have historically relied on existing cash and cash equivalents and cash flow from operations for our liquidity needs. We use a professional investment management firm to manage a large portion of our cash which is invested primarily in money market accounts. We believe that based on our current business plan and revenue prospects and our anticipated cash flows from operations, our existing cash balances will be sufficient to meet our working capital and operating resource expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months.
The amount of cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $0.9 million and $1.4 million, respectively. We currently do not intend to distribute any of our cumulative earnings by our foreign subsidiaries to the parent company in the U.S.
Primary Uses of Cash
Our principal use of cash in 2013 was for network access costs, payroll related expenses and general operating expenses including marketing, office rent, capital expenditures for IT infrastructure, and settlement of remaining restructuring obligations. During 2013, we acquired enterprise database software and infrastructure hardware (see “Note 8. Vendor Financed Property and Equipment”) and made approximately $0.3 million of principle payment. We expect to make approximately $2.3 million of principal payments over the next three years related to this purchase.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As part of our ongoing business, we do not participate in transactions that generate material relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or for other contractually narrow or limited purposes. We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K.
Contractual Obligations
Total | Less Than 1 Year | 1-3 Years | |||||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||||||
Operating Lease Obligations | $ | 4,900 | $ | 2,819 | $ | 2,081 | |||||
Other Purchase Commitments(1) | 3,467 | 2,122 | 1,345 | ||||||||
Total Contractual Obligations | $ | 8,367 | $ | 4,941 | $ | 3,426 | |||||
(1) | In the normal course of our business, we have signed contracts with certain network service providers under which we have minimum purchase commitments. These commitments expire on various dates through 2017. In addition, during October 2013 the Company entered into a future minimum purchase commitment to acquire an additional enterprise infrastructure hardware of approximately $0.5 million and an annual support fee of approximately $0.7 million to be paid over the next three years. |
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In the ordinary course of business, we may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to customers, business partners, and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of our breach of such agreements, services to be provided by us, or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third-parties. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and certain of our officers and employees that will require us, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors, officers or employees. We maintain director and officer insurance, which may cover certain liabilities arising from our obligation to indemnify our directors and certain of our officers and employees, in certain circumstances. iPass’ product agreements typically include a limited indemnification provision for claims from third parties relating to breach of agreements, and iPass’ intellectual property. Certain indemnification agreements may not be subject to maximum loss clauses. If the potential loss from any indemnification claim is considered probable and the amount or the range of the loss can be estimated, we accrue a liability for the estimated loss. To date, claims under such indemnification provisions have not been significant.
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
Exchange Rate Risk
We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk inherent in conducting business globally in numerous currencies, of which the most significant to our operations for the year ended December 31, 2013 were the Euro, the British Pound, and the Indian Rupee. We are primarily exposed to foreign currency fluctuations related to network access costs denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. As such, we benefit from a stronger U.S. Dollar and may be adversely affected by a weaker U.S. Dollar relative to the foreign currency. Currently, we do not enter into currency forward exchange or option contracts to hedge foreign currency exposures. The impact of foreign currency fluctuations is also discussed in “Foreign exchange gains (losses)” under Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Interest Rate Risk
As of December 31, 2013, we had cash and cash equivalents of $24.0 million, restricted cash of $0.3 million and no short-term investments. As of December 31, 2012, we had cash and cash equivalents of $26.8 million, restricted cash of $1.0 million and no short-term investments. Our cash balances are held primarily in bank deposits and money market accounts with a remaining maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase. As a result, we do not believe we are exposed to material interest rate risk.
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |
Financial Statements
Our financial statements required by this item are set forth in Item 15 of this report and incorporated by reference here. See Item 15(a)(1) for a listing of financial statements provided in the section titled “Financial Statements.”
Supplementary Data
The following tables present our operating results for each of the eight quarters during 2013 and 2012. This data has been derived from unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements that, in the opinion of our company’s management, include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of such information when read in conjunction with our annual audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report. These operating results are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period (in thousands, except per share amounts):
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Quarter Ended | |||||||||||||||
March 31 | June 30 | September 30 | December 31 | ||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2013 | |||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 29,629 | $ | 28,665 | $ | 26,869 | $ | 25,952 | |||||||
Operating loss | (3,279 | ) | (1,516 | ) | (2,348 | ) | (4,057 | ) | |||||||
Net loss | (3,375 | ) | (1,586 | ) | (2,842 | ) | (4,509 | ) | |||||||
Basic and diluted net loss per share | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | (0.04 | ) | $ | (0.07 | ) | |||
Quarter Ended | |||||||||||||||
March 31 | June 30 | September 30 | December 31 | ||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 33,294 | $ | 32,244 | $ | 30,818 | $ | 29,722 | |||||||
Operating income (loss) | (1,112 | ) | (840 | ) | (434 | ) | (1,093 | ) | |||||||
Net income (loss) | (1,275 | ) | (881 | ) | (771 | ) | (1,451 | ) | |||||||
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | (0.01 | ) | $ | (0.01 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | |||
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |
None.
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures |
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, management of the company conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level, as of the end of the period covered by this report, to ensure that information required to be disclosed was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in such reports is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such terms is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, management of the company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based upon the framework in “Internal Control—Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (1992 framework) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that, as of December 31, 2013, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on these criteria. KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K and, as part of the audit, has issued a report, included herein on the effectiveness of iPass’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the quarter ended December 31, 2013 there have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations of Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls
27
must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within iPass have been detected.
Item 9B. | Other Information |
Not applicable.
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PART III
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance |
Information relating to our executive officers and directors will be presented under the captions “Executive Officers” and “Proposal 1—Election of Directors” in our definitive proxy statement in connection with our 2014 Annual Meeting of stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than April 30, 2014 (the “Proxy Statement”). That information is incorporated here by reference.
Information concerning compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 will be presented under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Proxy Statement. That information is incorporated into this report by reference.
Information concerning our Code of Ethics will be presented under the caption “Code of Conduct and Ethics” in “Proposal—1 Election of Directors” in the Proxy Statement. That information is incorporated here by reference.
Information concerning procedures for recommending nominees for director will be presented under the caption “Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee” in “Proposal 1—Election of Directors” in the Proxy Statement. That information is incorporated here by reference.
Information relating to our audit committee and the audit committee financial experts will be presented under the captions “Information Regarding the Board of Directors and its Committees” and “Audit Committee” in the “Proposal—1 Election of Directors” in the Proxy Statement. That information is incorporated here by reference.
Item 11. | Executive Compensation |
Information relating to director and executive compensation and other matters required by this Item 11 will be presented under the caption “Executive Compensation and Related Information,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Compensation Committee Report” in the Proxy Statement. That information is incorporated here by reference.
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |
Information relating to the security ownership of our common stock by our management and other beneficial owners will be presented under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the Proxy Statement. That information is incorporated here by reference.
Information relating to securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans will be presented under the caption “Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans” in the Proxy Statement. That information is incorporated here by reference.
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence |
Information relating to certain relationships of our directors and executive officers and related transactions and the independence of our directors will be presented under the captions “Independence of the Board of Directors” in the “Proposal—1 Election of Directors” and “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in the Proxy Statement. That information is incorporated here by reference.
Item 14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services |
The information required by this item will be included under the caption “Principal Accountant Fees and Services” in the “Proposal—2 Ratification of Independent Auditors” in the Proxy Statement. That information is incorporated here by reference.
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PART IV
Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules |
(a) | The following financial statements are filed as part of this report: |
1. Financial Statements
Page | |
Consolidated Financial Statements: | |
2. Financial Statement Schedules
All other schedules are omitted because they are not required or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
3. Exhibits
See the Exhibit Index which follows the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated here by reference.
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
iPass Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of iPass Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2013. In connection with our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we also have audited the accompanying financial statement schedule. We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) . The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of iPass Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issued by COSO.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Santa Clara, California
March 11, 2014
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iPASS INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except par value and share amounts)
As of December 31, | |||||||
2013 | 2012 | ||||||
ASSETS | |||||||
Current assets: | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 24,017 | $ | 26,822 | |||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,010 and $1,173, respectively | 15,297 | 17,260 | |||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 4,329 | 5,058 | |||||
Total current assets | 43,643 | 49,140 | |||||
Property and equipment, net | 8,442 | 6,549 | |||||
Other assets | 2,831 | 4,435 | |||||
Total assets | $ | 54,916 | $ | 60,124 | |||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||
Current liabilities: | |||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 9,334 | $ | 7,496 | |||
Accrued liabilities | 9,100 | 8,631 | |||||
Deferred revenue, short-term | 3,212 | 3,787 | |||||
Total current liabilities | 21,646 | 19,914 | |||||
Deferred revenue, long-term | 2,191 | 2,834 | |||||
Vendor financed property and equipment | 1,586 | — | |||||
Other long-term liabilities | 251 | 475 | |||||
Total liabilities | $ | 25,674 | $ | 23,223 | |||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11) | |||||||
Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||
Common stock, $0.001 par value (250,000,000 shares authorized; 64,451,031 and 61,536,222 shares issued and outstanding, respectively) | 65 | 61 | |||||
Additional paid-in capital | 218,103 | 213,454 | |||||
Accumulated deficit | (188,926 | ) | (176,614 | ) | |||
Total stockholders’ equity | 29,242 | 36,901 | |||||
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 54,916 | $ | 60,124 | |||
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
iPASS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
Revenues | $ | 111,115 | $ | 126,078 | $ | 140,761 | |||||
Cost of revenues and operating expenses: | |||||||||||
Network access costs | 49,490 | 53,640 | 65,766 | ||||||||
Network operations | 19,200 | 20,806 | 22,307 | ||||||||
Research and development | 13,317 | 13,733 | 14,368 | ||||||||
Sales and marketing | 18,315 | 19,530 | 20,702 | ||||||||
General and administrative | 21,340 | 21,653 | 20,009 | ||||||||
Restructuring charges (benefits) and related adjustments | 653 | 26 | (151 | ) | |||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | — | 169 | 239 | ||||||||
Total cost of revenues and operating expenses | $ | 122,315 | $ | 129,557 | $ | 143,240 | |||||
Operating loss | (11,200 | ) | (3,479 | ) | (2,479 | ) | |||||
Interest income (expense), net | (18 | ) | 19 | 112 | |||||||
Foreign exchange losses | (507 | ) | (288 | ) | (479 | ) | |||||
Other income (expenses), net | (18 | ) | 12 | 128 | |||||||
Loss before income taxes | (11,743 | ) | (3,736 | ) | (2,718 | ) | |||||
Provision for income taxes | 569 | 642 | 290 | ||||||||
Net loss | $ | (12,312 | ) | $ | (4,378 | ) | $ | (3,008 | ) | ||
Comprehensive loss | $ | (12,312 | ) | $ | (4,378 | ) | $ | (3,008 | ) | ||
Basic and diluted net loss per share | $ | (0.19 | ) | $ | (0.07 | ) | $ | (0.05 | ) | ||
Number of shares used in per share calculations | 63,411,162 | 60,711,317 | 58,429,005 | ||||||||
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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iPASS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands)
Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Accumulated Deficit | Total Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||
Balances, December 31, 2010 | 57,866 | 58 | 206,992 | — | (169,228 | ) | 37,822 | ||||||||||
Exercise of stock options—common stock issued | 695 | 1 | 725 | — | — | 726 | |||||||||||
Restricted stock granted | 350 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Restricted stock canceled | (76 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||
Restricted stock units released | 106 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Employee stock purchase plan—common stock issued | 198 | — | 182 | — | — | 182 | |||||||||||
Stock-based compensation | — | — | 1,725 | — | — | 1,725 | |||||||||||
Net loss | — | — | — | — | (3,008 | ) | (3,008 | ) | |||||||||
Balances, December 31, 2011 | 59,139 | 59 | 209,624 | — | (172,236 | ) | 37,447 | ||||||||||
Exercise of stock options—common stock issued | 1,248 | 2 | 1,367 | — | — | 1,369 | |||||||||||
Restricted stock granted | 1,048 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Employee stock purchase plan—common stock issued | 186 | — | 203 | — | — | 203 | |||||||||||
Repurchased common stock | (85 | ) | — | (158 | ) | — | — | (158 | ) | ||||||||
Stock-based compensation | — | — | 2,418 | — | — | 2,418 | |||||||||||
Net loss | — | — | — | — | (4,378 | ) | (4,378 | ) | |||||||||
Balances, December 31, 2012 | 61,536 | 61 | 213,454 | — | (176,614 | ) | 36,901 | ||||||||||
Exercise of stock options—common stock issued | 1,139 | 4 | 1,270 | — | — | 1,274 | |||||||||||
Restricted stock granted | 1,985 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Restricted stock canceled | (346 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||
Employee stock purchase plan—common stock issued | 137 | — | 216 | — | — | 216 | |||||||||||
Stock-based compensation | — | — | 3,163 | — | — | 3,163 | |||||||||||
Net loss | — | — | — | (12,312 | ) | (12,312 | ) | ||||||||||
Balances, December 31, 2013 | 64,451 | 65 | 218,103 | — | (188,926 | ) | 29,242 | ||||||||||
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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iPASS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (12,312 | ) | $ | (4,378 | ) | $ | (3,008 | ) | ||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | |||||||||||
Stock-based compensation | 3,163 | 2,418 | 1,725 | ||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | — | 169 | 239 | ||||||||
Depreciation, amortization and accretion | 2,776 | 2,110 | 2,259 | ||||||||
Loss on disposal of property and equipment | 22 | 3 | 102 | ||||||||
Deferred income taxes | 203 | 117 | (125 | ) | |||||||
Provision for doubtful accounts | 134 | (66 | ) | 360 | |||||||
Change in sales tax liability estimation | — | — | (555 | ) | |||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||
Accounts receivable | 1,828 | 4,113 | 2,367 | ||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 625 | 878 | 858 | ||||||||
Other assets | 785 | 718 | 521 | ||||||||
Accounts payable | 2,063 | (1,138 | ) | (5,116 | ) | ||||||
Accrued liabilities | (277 | ) | (821 | ) | (5,276 | ) | |||||
Deferred revenue | (1,218 | ) | (365 | ) | 432 | ||||||
Other liabilities | (224 | ) | (295 | ) | (252 | ) | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | (2,432 | ) | 3,463 | (5,469 | ) | ||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment | (2,318 | ) | (4,465 | ) | (1,845 | ) | |||||
Change in restricted cash pledged for letter of credit | 720 | 971 | 1,099 | ||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (1,598 | ) | (3,494 | ) | (746 | ) | |||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | 1,490 | 1,572 | 908 | ||||||||
Principal payments for vendor financed property and equipment | (265 | ) | — | — | |||||||
Cash used in repurchase of common stock | — | (158 | ) | — | |||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | 1,225 | 1,414 | 908 | ||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (2,805 | ) | 1,383 | (5,307 | ) | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 26,822 | 25,439 | 30,746 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 24,017 | $ | 26,822 | $ | 25,439 | |||||
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | |||||||||||
Net cash paid for taxes | $ | 261 | $ | 375 | $ | 564 | |||||
Accrued amounts for acquisition of property and equipment | 98 | 321 | 388 | ||||||||
Vendor financing of property and equipment | 2,597 | — | — | ||||||||
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
34
iPASS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Basis of Presentation
The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of iPass Inc. (the “Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated.
Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used for, but not limited to the valuation of accounts receivables, other long-lived assets, stock-based compensation, legal contingencies, network access costs, income taxes, and sales tax liabilities. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Actual results could differ from the estimates made by management with respect to these and other items.
Foreign Currency Accounting
The U.S. Dollar is the functional currency for the Company and all of its subsidiaries; therefore, the Company does not have a translation adjustment recorded through accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). While the Company’s revenue contracts are denominated in United States (“U.S.”) dollars, the Company has foreign operations that incur expenses in various foreign currencies. Monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured using the current exchange rate at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities and capital accounts are remeasured using historical exchange rates. Foreign currency expenses are remeasured using the average exchange rates in effect during the year. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses are presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.
Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with a remaining maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of investments in institutional money market funds.
Restricted Cash
The Company’s restricted cash consists of cash deposited with a national financial institution in connection with irrevocable letters of credit issued to a network service provider. The total amount of restricted cash was $0.3 million and $1.0 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and is included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2013 and 2012.
Concentrations of Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Substantially all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held by two financial institutions. The Company is exposed to risk in the event of default by these financial institutions or the issuers of these securities to the extent the balances are in excess of amounts that are insured by the FDIC.
The Company’s receivables are derived from revenue earned from customers located primarily in the United States and Europe. The Company provides credit to its customers in the normal course of business and requires no collateral to secure accounts receivable. The Company maintains an allowance for potentially uncollectible accounts receivable based on its assessment of the collectability of accounts receivable. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on customer-specific identification, which encompasses various factors, including; the Company’s review of credit profiles of its customers, age of the accounts receivable balances, contractual terms and conditions, current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay and historical payment experience. As of December 31, 2013, accounts receivables from European customers represented 39% of total accounts receivable of which 67% were due within the Company’s standard credit term of 30 days and 84% were aged less than 90 days.
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As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, no individual customer represented 10% or more of total accounts receivable. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, no individual customer represented more than 10% of total revenues.
For the year ended December 31, 2013, no individual supplier represented 10% or more of total network access costs. For the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, one supplier accounted for 12% and 17%, respectively, of total network access costs. No other individual supplier represented more than 10% of total network access costs in 2013, 2012 and 2011.
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation or amortization. Depreciation of property and equipment and amortization of leasehold improvements are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets as follows:
• | Equipment: 3 to 5 years |
• | Furniture and fixtures: 5 years |
• | Computer software: 3 to 5 years |
• | Leasehold improvements: the shorter of the useful life of the leasehold improvements or the term of the underlying lease |
• | Construction in progress: various depending on the underlying asset being developed |
Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to the statement of comprehensive loss. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.
Construction in progress is related to the construction or development of property and equipment that has not yet been placed in service. Depreciation for equipment and computer software begins once it is placed in service and depreciation for leasehold improvements commences once they are ready for intended use.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, along with net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized as income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent management believe these assets would more likely than not be realized. In making such determination, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. In the event management was to determine that the Company would be able to realize the deferred income tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, the Company would make an adjustment to the valuation allowance which would reduce the provision for income taxes.
The Company’s policy with respect to its undistributed foreign subsidiaries’ earnings is to consider those earnings to be indefinitely reinvested and, accordingly, no related provision for U.S. federal, state or foreign income taxes has been provided. As of December 31 2013, approximately $7.5 million of foreign earnings have been deemed repatriated under the US tax law. Only the US federal and state income tax consequences have been provided on those earnings, however, they will not be deemed to be repatriated under foreign laws. The major foreign jurisdictions where the Company has operations includes India and the U.K. Upon distribution of earnings from India and the U.K. in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company may be subject to both U.S. income taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits) and withholding taxes in the various foreign countries. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the cumulative undistributed earnings of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries approximated $11.5 million and $11.1 million, respectively. The amount of cash and cash equivalents held by the Company’s foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $0.9 million and $1.4 million, respectively. The Company currently does not intend to distribute any of its cumulative earnings by its foreign subsidiaries to the parent company in the U.S. If the income is to be distributed, the net of $4.0 million will be subject to US tax.
The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes using a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available
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evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. The Company classifies the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as current to the extent that the Company anticipates payment (or receipt) of cash within one year. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates and could significantly affect the effective tax rate and cash flows in future years.
The Company recognizes estimated interest and penalties relating to income tax uncertainties as a component of the provision for income taxes.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense is estimated at the grant date based on the award’s fair value and is recognized as expense over the award’s requisite service period. Awards that vest based on service criteria are expensed on a straight-line basis. Awards having accelerated vesting based on achieving certain performance criteria are expensed on graded vesting basis over the vesting period, after assessing the probability of achieving the requisite performance criteria. The Company’s stock-based payment awards to employees and directors include stock options, restricted stock units and awards, and employee purchase rights granted in connection with the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Certain restricted stock awards have performance-based goals based on the achievement of targeted quarterly revenue of Open Mobile, targeted EBITA or targeted number of active Open Mobile monetized users, which require an assessment of the probability and timing of vesting. The Company estimates the fair value of restricted stock based on the day prior to the date of grant. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options and employee purchase rights on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model that requires the use of assumptions such as expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, risk-free interest rates and expected dividends. The expected stock price volatility is based on historical volatility and the expected term is based on the historical average expected term. Because stock-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. The expected forfeiture rate is based upon the historical experience of employee turnover and certain other factors. To the extent the actual forfeiture rate is different from the expected rate, stock-based compensation expense is adjusted accordingly.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when all four revenue recognition criteria have been met; persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, service has been provided to the customer, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. When the above criteria are not met, revenue is deferred and recognized upon cash collection, upon acceptance of a completion certificate from the customer or when the product is shipped, depending on the type of fee or service arrangement.
Network Fees
The Company recognizes network fees during the period the services are rendered to the end-users based on usage or a flat fee. The Company has two types of flat fee arrangements for its network services. The first is a recurring flat fee that is billed at the same dollar amount each month. The second is a recurring fee calculated based on a flat fee per user per month, of which the dollar amount billed would differ month-to-month depending on the number of users using the Company’s services during a given month. The Company frequently requires customers to commit to minimum network fees associated with monthly, quarterly or annual minimum network usage or over the term of the arrangement. For customers that have agreed to a Minimum Monthly Commitment (MMC), the customer’s monthly invoice reflects the greater of the customer’s actual usage for the month or the MMC for that month. If the MMC exceeds actual usage (a “Shortfall”), the Company determines whether the Shortfall is fixed or determinable. If the Company concludes that the Shortfall is fixed or determinable, based upon customer specific billing history, and other revenue recognition criteria have been met, the Company recognizes as revenue the amount of Shortfall which is invoiced. If the Company concludes that the Shortfall is not fixed or determinable, the Company recognizes revenue when the Shortfall amount is collected.
Platform Services and Other Fees
Platform services are any services that allow a user to connect to a network using the iPass platform. Fees for this service are typically based upon a monthly rate, and revenue is recognized during the month the services are provided. Revenue related to iPassConnect (“iPC”) fees, including extended support fees as the iPC product reached end-of-life in 2012, and Open Mobile Platform fees are typically based upon a monthly rate (per user rate or a flat fee) and are recognized during the month the services are provided. Start-up support service fees representing charges to new customers, customization services and standard training may be billed up-front in advance and recognized as revenue over the term of the contract.
iPass Unity Network Services (“iPass Unity”) Contract Fees
37
iPass Unity contracts are monthly flat fee contracts combined with certain other upfront fees such as one-time non-recurring fees, which include equipment fees, installation, management set up, and shipping fees. As a result, the Company recognizes its iPass Unity revenue arrangements monthly over the estimated life of the endpoint. An endpoint represents a separate physical location, such as a branch office, a retail office or a virtual office. Endpoint lives are estimated based on the historical average endpoint life. The Company periodically performs an analysis of estimated lives of the endpoints and revises the remaining term over which revenue will be recognized, if needed. As of December 31, 2013, the expected period of performance for endpoints approximates four years.
Deferred Revenue
The Company defers revenue for services that are billed in advance or prepaid as required per customer agreements. Revenue is recognized as the services are being performed, or ratably over the contract term, depending on the nature of the service, such as maintenance, and certain professional services. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue within one year are classified as short-term.
Deferred Installation Costs
Installation costs are incurred on the Company’s iPass Unity contracts and are deferred and amortized over the estimated lives of the end points.
Network Access Costs
Network access costs represent the amounts paid to network access providers for the usage of their networks. The Company has minimum purchase commitments with some network service providers for access that it expects to utilize during the term of the contracts. Costs of minimum purchase contracts are recognized as network access costs at the greater of the minimum commitment or actual usage.
Advertising Expenses
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 were approximately $0.1 million each year.
Software Development Costs
The Company follows the guidance set forth in FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 985-20, Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased or Otherwise Marketed. Under this guidance, capitalization of software development costs begins upon the establishment of a product’s technological feasibility, which is generally the completion of a working model of the product and amortization begins when a product is available for general release to customers. The period between the achievement of technological feasibility and the general release of products has typically been of short duration and costs incurred during this period have not been material. Accordingly, the Company has not capitalized any software development costs for software sold, or otherwise marketed. Software development costs incurred prior to the establishment of technological feasibility are included in research and development and are expensed as incurred.
In addition, the Company follows the guidance set forth in ASC 350-40, Internal Use Software, (“ASC 350-40”), in accounting for the development of its application service and other internal use applications. ASC 350-40 requires companies to capitalize qualifying computer software costs, which are incurred during the application development stage. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. The Company capitalized $0.3 million , $2.6 million and $0.7 million in 2013, 2012, and 2011 respectively for a purchase of a new ERP system. During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company went “live” with a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, and approximately $3.6 million of capitalized costs related to the ERP implementation was reclassified from construction in progress to computer software, which is being amortized over the expected useful life of five years. The Company also capitalized an additional $0.3 million in 2011 for other internal use software. Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight line basis over the expected useful life of the software, which is five years.
Amortization expense was approximately $0.8 million, $0.2 million, and $0.1 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Management evaluates the useful lives of the Company’s assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets. There were no impairments to long lived assets during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.
Note 3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value
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Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction in the principal or most advantageous market between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.
Fair Value Hierarchy
The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:
• | Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; |
• | Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and |
• | Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. |
The recurring fair values of these financial assets (excluding cash) were determined using the following inputs at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively:
As of December 31, 2013 | As of December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value Measured Using | Total Balance | Fair Value Measured Using | Total Balance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Money market funds(1) | $ | 18,304 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 18,304 | $ | 18,298 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 18,298 | |||||||||||||||
Total financial assets | $ | 18,304 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 18,304 | $ | 18,298 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 18,298 | |||||||||||||||
(1) | Held in cash and cash equivalents on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. |
There were no transfers between Level 1, 2, and 3 between December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2013. As of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the carrying amount of accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, approximates fair value due to their short maturities.
Note 4. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
2013 | 2012 | ||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||
Equipment | $ | 15,134 | $ | 14,292 | |||
Furniture and fixtures | 2,110 | 2,214 | |||||
Computer software | 12,279 | 6,891 | |||||
Construction in progress | 749 | 3,356 | |||||
Leasehold improvements | 1,252 | 1,578 | |||||
31,524 | 28,331 | ||||||
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (23,082 | ) | (21,782 | ) | |||
Property and equipment, net | $ | 8,442 | $ | 6,549 | |||
Depreciation expense was approximately $2.8 million, $2.1 million, and $2.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company wrote-off approximately $1.2 million of gross property and equipment, almost all of which were fully depreciated.
During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company went “live” with a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. Accordingly, approximately $3.6 million of capitalized costs related to the ERP implementation was reclassified from construction in progress to computer software.
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During October 2013, the Company acquired approximately $2.6 million of enterprise database software and infrastructure hardware, and recorded approximately $1.8 million and $0.8 million to computer software and construction in progress, respectively, as of December 31, 2013.
Note 5. Other Assets
Other assets consisted of the following:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
2013 | 2012 | ||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||
Prepaid lease obligations | $ | 55 | $ | 236 | |||
Deferred installation costs and other long-term assets | 1,622 | 2,180 | |||||
Deposits | 808 | 854 | |||||
Long-term deferred tax asset, net | 96 | 195 | |||||
Restricted cash | 250 | 970 | |||||
$ | 2,831 | $ | 4,435 | ||||
Note 6. Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
2013 | 2012 | ||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||
Sales tax liabilities | $ | 1,044 | $ | 1,080 | |||
Accrued restructuring liabilities—current(1) | 200 | 203 | |||||
Accrued bonus, commissions and other employee benefits | 2,395 | 2,550 | |||||
Accrued for vendor financed property and equipment | 746 | — | |||||
Amounts due to customers | 1,059 | 1,061 | |||||
Other accrued liabilities | 3,656 | 3,737 | |||||
$ | 9,100 | $ | 8,631 | ||||
(1) | See Note 7. Accrued Restructuring |
Note 7. Accrued Restructuring
During the year ended December 31, 2009, the Company announced restructuring plans (the “2009 Plans”) to reduce operating costs and focus resources on key strategic priorities, which resulted in a workforce reduction of 146 positions across all functional areas and abandonment of certain facilities and termination of a contract obligation. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had remaining lease payments of approximately $0.3 million, and $0.5 million, respectively, which were recorded at fair value at the time of restructuring plan was announced. Management made assumptions in determining the fair value of the lease liabilities. The discounted cash flow valuation technique used to determine the Level 3 fair value included inputs, such as the future rent payment schedule, the discount rate and sublease income based on the executed sublease agreement through the end of the lease terms.
In the first quarter of 2013, the Company announced a restructuring plan (the “Q1 2013 Plan”) to re-align its cost structure to focus investments, resources and operating expenses on the Company’s growing Open Mobile business, which resulted in a workforce reduction of 16 positions across all functional areas and termination of a lease contract. The Company recorded and paid a restructuring charge of approximately $0.6 million during the twelve months period ending December 31, 2013, which included severance, facility exit costs and other associated costs. As of December 31, 2013, the Company had completed the majority of cash payments.
The following is a roll forward of restructuring liability for the Q1 2013 and 2009 Plans for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:
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Total Restructuring Costs | |||
(In thousands) | |||
Balance as of December 31, 2010 | $ | 1,641 | |
Restructuring benefits and related adjustments | (151 | ) | |
Payments | (754 | ) | |
Balance as of December 31, 2011 | $ | 736 | |
Restructuring charges and related adjustments | 26 | ||
Payments | (279 | ) | |
Balance as of December 31, 2012 | $ | 483 | |
Restructuring charges and related adjustments | 653 | ||
Payments | (819 | ) | |
Balance as of December 31, 2013 | $ | 317 | |
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, approximately $0.2 million and $0.2 million of the restructuring liability is included in accrued liabilities, respectively, and the remaining restructuring liability of approximately $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in long-term liabilities.
Note 8. Vendor Financed Property and Equipment
In October, 2013, the Company acquired enterprise database software and infrastructure hardware. This purchase was financed through a vendor and is to be paid over the next three years. The total purchase financed by a vendor was approximately $2.6 million. The Company made approximately $0.3 million of principal payment in December 2013. As of December 31, 2013, approximately $0.7 million and $1.6 million were recorded to accrued liabilities and vendor financed property and equipment, respectively based on the payment terms. The Company expects to pay $0.7 million, $0.9 million, and $0.7 million in 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.
As of December 31, 2013, $1.6 million of vendor financed property and equipment is recorded at cost, which approximates a Level 3 fair value, and is included as long-term liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The Company made assumptions in determining the fair value of the vendor financed property and equipment long-term liability. The discounted cash flow valuation technique was used to determine the Level 3 fair value included inputs, such as the future payment schedule based on the executed purchase agreement and a discount rate.
Note 9. Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes is based on income (loss) before taxes as follows:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||||||
U.S Source | $ | (13,075 | ) | $ | (4,370 | ) | $ | (2,973 | ) | ||
Non-U.S. Source | 1,332 | 634 | 255 | ||||||||
Loss before income taxes | $ | (11,743 | ) | $ | (3,736 | ) | $ | (2,718 | ) | ||
The provision for income taxes consisted of the following:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||||||
Current: | |||||||||||
U.S. federal | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||
State | 32 | 30 | 55 | ||||||||
Foreign | 334 | 495 | 361 | ||||||||
$ | 366 | $ | 525 | $ | 416 | ||||||
Deferred: | |||||||||||
U.S. federal | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||
State | — | — | — | ||||||||
Foreign | 203 | 117 | (126 | ) | |||||||
$ | 203 | $ | 117 | $ | (126 | ) | |||||
Provision for income taxes | $ | 569 | $ | 642 | $ | 290 | |||||
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes as well as net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company provided a full valuation allowance on its net deferred tax assets in the United States and Israel. The components of deferred tax assets (liabilities) consisted of the following:
41
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
2013 | 2012 | ||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||
Deferred tax assets: | |||||||
Net operating loss carry forwards | $ | 46,364 | $ | 51,835 | |||
Reserves and accruals | 2,728 | 3,069 | |||||
Research and other tax credits | 6,328 | 5,493 | |||||
Share based compensation | 3,780 | 2,990 | |||||
Property and equipment | 43 | 52 | |||||
Total deferred tax assets | $ | 59,243 | $ | 63,439 | |||
Valuation allowance | (58,218 | ) | (62,313 | ) | |||
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 1,025 | $ | 1,126 | |||
Deferred tax liabilities: | |||||||
Property and equipment | (751 | ) | (649 | ) | |||
Total net deferred tax assets | $ | 274 | $ | 477 | |||
As of December 31, 2013, approximately $3.8 million of the total valuation allowance for deferred tax assets relates to net operating loss and credit carry forwards attributable to acquired entities. These net operating loss and credit carry forwards are subject to an annual limitation under Internal Revenue Code Section 382. Also included in the valuation allowance as of December 31, 2013 is approximately $2.2 million related to net operating loss carry forwards in Israel.
The provision for income taxes differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pretax loss before income taxes as a result of the following:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | ||||||
Federal statutory rate | (35 | )% | (35 | )% | (35 | )% | ||
State taxes, net of federal benefit | (7 | ) | (4 | ) | (3 | ) | ||
Foreign tax rate differential | 1 | 6 | (1 | ) | ||||
Amortization of stock-based compensation | 1 | 1 | 3 | |||||
Research and development benefit | (9 | ) | (2 | ) | (30 | ) | ||
Deemed repatriated foreign earnings | 2 | 61 | — | |||||
Other | — | 1 | 4 | |||||
Valuation Allowance | 52 | (11 | ) | 73 | ||||
Provision for income taxes | 5 | % | 17 | % | 11 | % | ||
As of December 31, 2013, the Company had gross cumulative net operating loss carry forwards for federal and state tax reporting purposes of approximately $111.9 million and $106.4 million, respectively, which expire in various periods between 2018 and 2033. In addition, $7.6 million and $7.8 million for federal and state respectively, are related to stock compensation deductions in excess of book deductions, the tax effect of which would be to credit accumulated paid-in capital if realized. Utilization of the net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards are subject to annual limitations due to certain ownership change rules provided by the Internal Revenue Service Code of 1986, as amended and similar state provisions.
As of December 31, 2013, the Company also has research and development tax credit carry forwards of approximately $2.7 million and $3.5 million for federal and state income tax purposes, respectively. If not utilized, the federal carry forwards will expire in various amounts through 2032. An additional $0.3 million of 2012 federal research and development tax credits was recognized in 2013 as a result of the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, enacted January 2, 2013. The state tax credits can be carried forward indefinitely.
The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):
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Balance at January 1, 2012 | $ | 5,131 | |
Increases for positions taken in prior years | 2,438 | ||
Increases for positions related to the current year | 419 | ||
Settlements with taxing authorities | (2,215 | ) | |
Balance at January 1, 2013 | $ | 5,773 | |
Increases for positions taken in prior years | 282 | ||
Increases for positions related to the current year | 832 | ||
Settlements with taxing authorities | (320 | ) | |
Balance at December 31, 2013 | $ | 6,567 | |
The increase in unrecognized tax benefits primarily relates to the establishment of federal and state net operating loss reserves related to the timing of deducting transfer pricing payments made to controlled foreign corporations and certain research and development tax credits.
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012 , the company had $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized will have an impact on the company's effective tax rate.
It is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change in 2014. Decreases in the unrecognized tax benefits will result from the lapsing of statutes of limitations and the possible completion of tax audits in various jurisdictions. Increases will primarily result from tax positions expected to be taken on tax returns for 2014.
In accordance with its accounting policy, the Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in the provision for income taxes; which were not considered material during 2013, 2012 and 2011.
Given the uncertainty as to settlement terms, the timing of payments and the impact of such settlements on other uncertain tax positions, the range of estimated potential changes in underlying uncertain tax positions is between a decrease of $0.8 million and an increase of $0.3 million.
The Company’s major taxing jurisdictions are U.S. Federal, California, the U.K. and India. In the normal course of the Company’s business, the Company is subject to income tax audits in various jurisdictions. Years 2006 to 2013 remain open to examination by certain of these major taxing jurisdictions.
The Company currently has income tax audits in progress in India and has accrued approximately $0.7 million in connection with these audits.
Note 10. Stockholders’ Equity
Equity Incentive Plans
The Company has two stock plans that permit it to grant stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units to employees (“Employee Plan”) and to directors (“Director Plan”). Stock options granted to employees generally vest 25% on the first anniversary of the grant date with the remainder vesting ratably over the following 36 months; stock options generally expire 10 years after the date of grant. Restricted stock awards give the recipient the right to receive shares upon the lapse of the instruments’ time and/or performance based restrictions. The restricted stock awards with time-based restrictions are considered outstanding at the time of grant, as the holders are entitled to dividends and voting rights. Employees may surrender a portion of their award shares to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations with respect to the vesting of restricted stock awards. The restricted stock units are not considered outstanding until released and restricted stock awards with only performance-based restrictions are not considered outstanding until the performance criteria have been met and therefore are not entitled to dividends or voting rights at the time of grant. The performance-based restricted stock awards vest upon the achievement of pre-defined performance goals, including targeted earnings before interest, taxes and amortization (“EBITA”), targeted number of active Open Mobile monetized users, and targeted quarterly revenue of Open Mobile.
During 2013, the Company had granted a total of 1,935,000 shares of performance-based restricted stock awards that vest based on targeted quarterly revenue of Open Mobile which carry a service-condition to vest in full if performance has not been met at December 31, 2017, however, vesting will be accelerated upon the achievement of performance goals; none of which had vested at December 31, 2013 as the performance goals had not been met. The Company has a total of 753,925 outstanding shares of performance-based restricted stock awards related to targeted EBITA, none of which had vested as the performance goals had not been met as of December 31, 2013. No performance-based restricted stock awards were granted
43
during the year ended December 31, 2012. During 2011, the Company had granted a total of 280,000 shares of performance-based restricted stock awards related to targeted number of active Open Mobile monetized users which carry a service-condition to vest four years from the grant date, however, vesting will be accelerated upon the achievement of performance goals. Approximately 60% of these performance-based restricted stock awards had vested based on achievement of the targeted number of active Open Mobile monetized users as of December 31, 2013. Vesting of all performance-based restricted stock awards is considered probable.
The number of shares authorized for issuance is automatically increased by 5% annually under the Employee Plan and by 250,000 shares annually under the Director Plan. Upon exercise, new shares are issued. As of December 31, 2013, 21,452,678 shares were available for grant under all plans.
The following table summarizes the stock option and restricted stock activity under the Plans for the indicated periods:
Shares Available for Future Grant | Number of Options Outstanding | Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share | Number of Restricted Stock Awards and Units Outstanding | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share | |||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2010 | 15,490,212 | 9,881,632 | $ | 1.87 | 976,697 | $ | 1.51 | |||||||||||||
Authorized | 3,143,327 | |||||||||||||||||||
Granted(1) | (2,622,300 | ) | 2,272,300 | $ | 1.57 | $ | 0.64 | 350,000 | $ | 1.52 | ||||||||||
Options Exercised | (694,520 | ) | $ | 1.04 | ||||||||||||||||
Restricted Stock Vested(1) | (199,502 | ) | $ | 1.39 | ||||||||||||||||
Terminated/cancelled/forfeited | 2,000,517 | (1,924,412 | ) | $ | 2.03 | (76,105 | ) | $ | 1.57 | |||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2011 | 18,011,756 | 9,535,000 | $ | 1.82 | 1,051,090 | $ | 1.52 | |||||||||||||
Authorized | 3,206,969 | |||||||||||||||||||
Granted(2) | (1,993,000 | ) | 945,500 | $ | 2.31 | $ | 0.81 | 1,047,500 | $ | 2.16 | ||||||||||
Options Exercised | (1,247,776 | ) | $ | 1.10 | ||||||||||||||||
Restricted Stock Vested(2) | (178,116 | ) | $ | 1.77 | ||||||||||||||||
Terminated/cancelled/forfeited | 995,912 | (944,196 | ) | $ | 3.04 | (51,716 | ) | $ | 1.80 | |||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2012 | 20,221,637 | 8,288,528 | $ | 1.85 | 1,868,758 | $ | 1.85 | |||||||||||||
Authorized | 3,326,811 | |||||||||||||||||||
Granted(3) | (3,070,000 | ) | 1,085,000 | $ | 1.81 | $ | 0.70 | 1,985,000 | $ | 1.86 | ||||||||||
Options Exercised | (1,138,718 | ) | $ | 1.12 | ||||||||||||||||
Restricted Stock Vested(3) | (558,083 | ) | $ | 2.06 | ||||||||||||||||
Terminated/cancelled/forfeited | 974,230 | (628,230 | ) | $ | 2.70 | (346,000 | ) | $ | 1.88 | |||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2013 | 21,452,678 | 7,606,580 | $ | 1.89 | 2,949,675 | $ | 1.81 | |||||||||||||
(1) | Restricted stock awards granted during 2011 included 70,000 shares of restricted stock with time-based vesting criteria and 280,000 with time-based vesting criteria that accelerate upon the achievement of a targeted number of active Open Mobile monetized users; both of which have been included as shares outstanding on the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity. Restricted stock vested during 2011 included 105,948 shares of restricted stock units which have been included as shares outstanding. |
(2) | Restricted stock granted during 2012 represent awards with time-based vesting criteria which have been included as shares outstanding on the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity. Restricted stock vested during 2012 represent 229,832 restricted stock awards released (net of 51,716 shares withheld for taxes). |
(3) | Restricted stock granted during 2013 represent awards with time-based vesting criteria which have been included as shares outstanding on the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity. Restricted stock vested during 2013 represent 558,083 restricted stock awards released. |
The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $1.0 million, $1.1 million, and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.
The following table summarizes the stock options outstanding and exercisable by range of exercise prices as of December 31, 2013:
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Options Outstanding | Options Exercisable | ||||||||||||||
Range of Exercise Prices | Number Outstanding | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years) | Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share | Number Exercisable | Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share | ||||||||||
$0.71— 1.02 | 665,288 | 5.37 | $ | 0.82 | 665,288 | $ | 0.82 | ||||||||
1.02— 1.05 | 1,147,444 | 5.98 | 1.05 | 1,120,526 | 1.05 | ||||||||||
1.05— 1.27 | 1,256,709 | 5.08 | 1.22 | 1,224,835 | 1.22 | ||||||||||
1.27— 1.72 | 2,313,029 | 7.77 | 1.62 | 1,177,458 | 1.59 | ||||||||||
1.72—17.56 | 2,224,110 | 5.40 | 3.28 | 1,355,985 | 4.04 | ||||||||||
Total | 7,606,580 | 6.15 | 1.89 | 5,544,092 | 1.91 | ||||||||||
Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||
Options outstanding at December 31, 2013 | 7,606,580 | $ | 1.89 | 6.15 | $ | 1,585 | ||||||
Options vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2013 | 6,842,806 | $ | 1.89 | 5.91 | $ | 1,566 | ||||||
Options exercisable at December 31, 2013 | 5,544,092 | $ | 1.91 | 5.28 | $ | 1,550 | ||||||
Stock-Based Compensation
The following table sets forth the total stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||||||
Network operations | $ | 364 | $ | 222 | $ | 122 | |||||
Research and development | 350 | 257 | 142 | ||||||||
Sales and marketing | 743 | 486 | 449 | ||||||||
General and administrative | 1,706 | 1,453 | 1,012 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 3,163 | $ | 2,418 | $ | 1,725 | |||||
The following table sets forth the total stock-based compensation expense by award-type:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||||||
Stock options | $ | 866 | $ | 1,145 | $ | 1,299 | |||||
Restricted stock | 2,220 | 1,173 | 392 | ||||||||
Employee stock purchase plan | 77 | 100 | 34 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 3,163 | $ | 2,418 | $ | 1,725 | |||||
As of December 31, 2013, there was $0.9 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, net of expected forfeitures that will be recognized over the weighted average period of 2.6 years. As of December 31, 2013, there was $2.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the unvested restricted stock awards granted, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average vesting period of 1.8 years.
Valuation Assumptions
45
The weighted average estimated fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 were calculated under the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, using the following weighted-average assumptions:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | ||||||
Risk-free rate | 0.89 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.98 | % | ||
Expected dividend yield | — | % | — | % | — | % | ||
Expected volatility | 50 | % | 52 | % | 57 | % | ||
Expected term | 3.8 years | 3.1 years | 3.4 years | |||||
Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. The expected term of stock options granted is based on the historical average expected term. The risk-free rate for periods within the expected term of the stock option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. During the year ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company did not pay any cash dividends on its common stock and does not expect to pay cash dividends in the future.
The total grant date fair value of the restricted awards stock granted during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 was approximately $3.7 million, $2.3 million, and $0.5 million, respectively, which will be recognized over the requisite service periods.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Under the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), the Company can grant stock purchase rights to all eligible employees during a one-year offering period with purchase dates at the end of each six-month purchase period (each April and October). The number of shares reserved under the ESPP increases annually by 1% of the total number of shares outstanding at the end of the prior year. As of December 31, 2013, the Company reserved 6.9 million shares of common stock for issuance under the ESPP plan and approximately 4.2 million shares remain available for future issuance. The ESPP plan permits employees to purchase common stock through payroll deductions of up to 15% on an employee’s compensation, including commissions, overtime, bonuses and other incentive compensation. The purchase price per share is equal to the lower of 85% of the fair market value per share at the beginning of the offering period, or 85% of the fair market value per share on the semi-annual purchase date. No participant may purchase more than 2,500 shares per offering or $25,000 worth of common stock in any one calendar year. During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, 137,091, 186,275, and 198,490 shares were purchased at average per share prices of $1.60, $1.09 and $0.92, respectively.
Compensation cost related to the Company’s employee stock purchase plan is calculated using the fair value of the employees’ purchase rights granted. The estimated fair value of employee purchase rights granted during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | ||||||
Risk-free rate | 0.09 | % | 0.09 | % | 0.18 | % | ||
Expected dividend yield | — | % | — | % | — | % | ||
Expected volatility | 51 | % | 55 | % | 47 | % | ||
Expected term | 0.5 to 1 year | 0.5 to 1 year | 0.5 to 1 year | |||||
Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies
Leases and Purchase Commitments
The Company leases facilities under operating leases that expire at various dates through June 2017. Certain leases are cancellable prior to lease expiration dates. The terms of certain operating leases provide for rental payments on a graduated scale. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the respective lease periods and has accrued for rent expense incurred but not paid. Future minimum lease payments under these operating leases, including payments on leases accounted for under the Company’s restructuring plan and sublease income, as of December 31, 2013, are as follows:
Operating Leases | |||
(In thousands) | |||
Year ending December 31: | |||
2014 | $ | 2,819 | |
2015 | 1,262 | ||
2016 | 548 | ||
2017 | 271 | ||
$ | 4,900 | ||
The Company has approximately $0.3 million in facility lease obligations which are included in accrued restructuring liabilities. Rent expense for operating leases, excluding leases accounted for under the Company’s restructuring plan for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 was $2.4 million, $2.5 million, and $2.7 million, respectively.
The Company has contracts with certain network service providers which have minimum purchase commitments that expire on various dates through 2017. During October 2013 the Company entered into a future minimum purchase commitment to acquire an additional enterprise infrastructure hardware of approximately $0.5 million and an annual support fee of approximately $0.7 million to be paid over the next three years. Future minimum purchase commitments under all agreements are as follows:
46
Year ending December 31: | Minimum Purchase Commitments | ||
(In thousands) | |||
2014 | $ | 2,122 | |
2015 | 644 | ||
2016 | 657 | ||
2017 | $ | 44 | |
$ | 3,467 | ||
Sales Tax Liabilities
The Company’s sales and use tax filings are subject to customary audits by authorities in the jurisdictions where it conducts business in the United States, which may result in assessments of additional taxes. During fiscal year 2009, the Company determined that additional sales taxes were probable of being assessed for multiple states as a result of the preliminary findings specific to a sales and use tax audit that had been initiated in the same year. As a result, in the third quarter of 2009, the Company estimated an incremental sales tax liability of approximately $5.0 million, including interest and penalties of approximately $1.5 million. During subsequent years, this liability was reduced through sales tax payments, settlements with certain state tax authorities and revised estimates of the sales tax liability to $0.8 million in 2013, $0.8 million in 2012 and $1.4 million in 2011.
Legal Proceedings
The Company is involved in legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. While there can be no assurances as to the ultimate outcome of any litigation involving the Company, management does not believe any such pending legal proceeding or claim will result in a judgment or settlement that would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In the ordinary course of business, the Company may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to customers, business partners, and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the Company’s breach of such agreements, services to be provided by the Company, or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third-parties. Certain indemnification agreements may not be subject to maximum loss clauses. If the potential loss from any indemnification claim is considered probable and the amount or the range of the loss can be estimated, the Company accrues a liability for the estimated loss. To date, claims under such indemnification provisions have not been significant.
Note 12. Employee 401(k) Plan
47
The Company sponsors a 401(k) plan covering all employees. Matching contributions to the plan are at the discretion of the Company. During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, there have been no employer contributions under this plan.
Note 13. Net Loss Per Common Share
Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus dilutive potential common shares as determined using the treasury stock method for outstanding stock options, restricted stock-based awards and shares issuable under the employee stock purchase plan, unless the result of adding such shares would be anti-dilutive. Unvested participating securities are included in the weighted daily average number of shares outstanding used in the calculation of diluted net income per common share, but are excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share. In a net loss position, basic and diluted net loss per common share are equal, since the weighted average number of shares used to compute diluted net loss per common share excludes anti-dilutive securities, including participating securities. As a result of the Company’s net loss for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company has excluded all potential shares of common stock from the diluted net loss per share calculation as their inclusion would have had an anti-dilutive effect.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
(In thousands, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||
Numerator: | |||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (12,312 | ) | $ | (4,378 | ) | $ | (3,008 | ) | ||
Denominator: | |||||||||||
Basic and diluted net loss per common share - Weighted average shares outstanding | 63,411,162 | 60,711,317 | 58,429,005 | ||||||||
Basic and diluted net loss per common share | $ | (0.19 | ) | $ | (0.07 | ) | $ | (0.05 | ) | ||
The following weighted average potential shares of common stock have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because the effect of including these shares would have been anti-dilutive:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | ||||||
Options to purchase common stock | 3,329,281 | 2,473,024 | 5,408,721 | |||||
Restricted stock awards, including participating securities | 2,615,705 | 1,819,261 | 1,106,293 | |||||
Total | 5,944,986 | 4,292,285 | 6,515,014 | |||||
The weighted-average exercise price of options to purchase common stock excluded from the computation was $2.84, $3.59, and $2.59, for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.
Note 14. Segment and Geographic Information
The Company’s two reportable operating segments are: Mobility Services and iPass Unity Network Services (“iPass Unity” ). The Mobility Services segment includes services that help enterprises manage the networks, connections and devices used by their mobile workforce. The iPass Unity segment provides customers with Wi-Fi and Wide Area Network solutions. The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer. The CODM allocates resources to and assesses the performance of each operating segment, using information about its revenue, segment income or loss from operations before income taxes, excluding amortization of intangibles, and restructuring. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are substantially the same as those the Company uses for consolidated financial statements. All direct costs are allocated to the respective operating segments. In addition to direct costs, certain indirect costs are allocated to each operating segment including costs relating to shared services in management, finance, legal, human resources, facilities, and information technology. Indirect costs are allocated based on headcount, salaries and operating segment revenue.
The total operating costs and network access costs allocated to the reportable operating segments for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, were $121.7 million, $129.4 million, and $144.5 million, respectively. Costs related to amortization of intangibles, and restructuring activities are not allocated to operating segments. By definition, operating segment operating income (loss) also excludes interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses, and income taxes.
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Revenue and operating income (loss) for each reportable operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 were as follows:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
Net Revenue | Total Segment Operating Income (Loss) | ||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||
2013 | |||||||
Mobility Services | $ | 77,868 | $ | (11,113 | ) | ||
iPass Unity | 33,247 | 556 | |||||
Total Segment | $ | 111,115 | $ | (10,557 | ) | ||
2012 | |||||||
Mobility Services | $ | 92,674 | $ | (2,750 | ) | ||
iPass Unity | 33,404 | (542 | ) | ||||
Total Segment | $ | 126,078 | $ | (3,292 | ) | ||
2011 | |||||||
Mobility Services | $ | 110,808 | $ | (2,013 | ) | ||
iPass Unity | 29,953 | (1,753 | ) | ||||
Total Segment | $ | 140,761 | $ | (3,766 | ) | ||
Substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the United States. The CODM does not evaluate operating segments using discrete asset information. Accordingly, no segment assets have been reported.
There were no material intersegment sales or transfers for the year ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, to arrive at net segment revenue.
Reconciliations of total segment operating loss to total operating loss and total loss before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 are as follows:
For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||||||
Total segment operating loss | $ | (10,557 | ) | $ | (3,292 | ) | $ | (3,766 | ) | ||
Amortization of intangibles | — | (169 | ) | (239 | ) | ||||||
Restructuring | (653 | ) | (26 | ) | 151 | ||||||
Certain state sales tax and other discrete items | 10 | 8 | 1,375 | ||||||||
Total operating loss | $ | (11,200 | ) | $ | (3,479 | ) | $ | (2,479 | ) | ||
Interest income (expenses), net | (18 | ) | 19 | 112 | |||||||
Foreign exchange losses | (507 | ) | (288 | ) | (479 | ) | |||||
Other income (expenses), net | (18 | ) | 12 | 128 | |||||||
Total loss before income taxes | $ | (11,743 | ) | $ | (3,736 | ) | $ | (2,718 | ) | ||
The following table summarizes total Company revenue by country or by geographical region:
For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | ||||||
United States | 56 | % | 57 | % | 58 | % | ||
EMEA | 34 | % | 32 | % | 32 | % | ||
Asia Pacific | 9 | % | 10 | % | 9 | % | ||
Rest of the world | 1 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | ||
No individual country, except for the United States, accounted for 10% or more of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011. Revenues in the United Kingdom accounted for 9% of total revenues in 2013, 2012
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and 2011. No individual customer accounted for 10% or more of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011. International revenues are determined by the location of the customer’s headquarters.
Note 15. Subsequent Event
On February 12, 2014, the Company announced its engagement with an investment banker to explore opportunities to divest its iPass Unity business. No decision to sell iPass Unity has been made and the Company may ultimately conclude that it will not sell iPass Unity.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
iPass Inc. | |
By: | /S/ EVAN L. KAPLAN |
Evan L. Kaplan President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | |
Date: March 11, 2014
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POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Evan L. Kaplan and Karen Willem, and each or any one of them, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Report, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his substitutes or substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | Title | Date | ||
/S/ EVAN L. KAPLAN | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | March 11, 2014 | ||
Evan L. Kaplan | ||||
/S/ KAREN WILLEM | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | March 11, 2014 | ||
Karen Willem | ||||
/S/ DARIN R. VICKERY | Vice President and Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) | March 11, 2014 | ||
Darin R. Vickery | ||||
/S/ JOHN D. BELETIC | Chairman and Director | March 11, 2014 | ||
John D. Beletic | ||||
/S/ PETER C. CLAPMAN | Director | March 11, 2014 | ||
Peter C. Clapman | ||||
/S/ GARY A. GRIFFITHS | Director | March 11, 2014 | ||
Gary A. Griffiths | ||||
/S/ ROBERT J. MAJTELES | Director | March 11, 2014 | ||
Robert J. Majteles | ||||
/S/ SAMUEL L. SCHWERIN | Director | March 11, 2014 | ||
Samuel L. Schwerin | ||||
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SCHEDULE II—VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Classification | Balance at Beginning of Year | Additions Charged to (recovered from) Costs and Expenses | Deductions | Balance at End of Year | |||||||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts: | |||||||||||||||
Year ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||
2013 | $ | 1,173 | $ | 134 | $ | 297 | $ | 1,010 | |||||||
2012 | 1,605 | (66 | ) | 366 | 1,173 | ||||||||||
2011 | 1,757 | 360 | 512 | 1,605 | |||||||||||
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INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number | Description of Document |
3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.(16) |
3.2 | Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.(7) |
3.3 | Certificate of Change to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.(14) |
3.4 | Amended and Restated By-Laws.(2) |
4.1 | Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4. |
4.2 | Specimen stock certificate.(1) |
10.1* | iPass Inc. 2003 Equity Incentive Plan.(10) |
10.2* | Form of Stock Option Grant Notice under the 2003 Equity Incentive Plan.(3) |
10.3* | Form of Restricted Stock Grant Notice and Agreement for Vice Presidents and above, under the Company’s 2003 Equity Incentive Plan.(6) |
10.4* | Form of Restricted Stock Grant Notice and Agreement for below Vice Presidents, under the Company’s 2003 Equity Incentive Plan.(6) |
10.5* | Form of Performance Shares Grant Notice and Agreement, under the Company’s 2003 Equity Incentive Plan.(6) |
10.6* | iPass Inc. 2003 Non-Employee Directors Plan.(10) |
10.7* | Forms of Restricted Stock Award Grant Notice and Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2003 Non-Employee Directors Plan.(4) |
10.8* | Forms of Stock Option Grant Notice and Stock Option Agreement under the 2003 Non-Employee Directors Plan.(4) |
10.9* | iPass Inc. 2003 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and form of related agreements, as amended.(1) |
10.10* | Outside Director Compensation Arrangement.(5) |
10.11* | iPass Inc. Amended and Restated Executive Corporate Transaction and Severance Benefit Plan, as amended.(15) |
10.12* | iPass Inc. Key Employee Corporate Transaction and Severance Benefit Plan.(11) |
10.13* | iPass Inc. Severance Benefit Plan.(11) |
10.14* | Employment Agreement, dated November 1, 2008, between Registrant and Evan L. Kaplan.(11) |
10.15* | Amendment to the Employment Agreement, dated May 28, 2009, between Registrant and Evan L. Kaplan(13) |
10.16* | Amendment to the Employment Agreement, dated February 15, 2012, between Registrant and Evan L. Kaplan.(9) |
10.17* | Offer Letter with Christophe Culine dated June 14, 2011.(8) |
10.18* | 2013 Executive Management Bonus Plan. (17) |
10.19* | Form of Indemnity Agreement.(1) |
10.20 | Lease Agreement, dated October 26, 1999, between iPass Inc. and Westport Joint Venture (as amended).(1) |
10.21 | OEM Service Provider License Agreement, dated February 29, 2000, between RSA Security, Inc. and iPass Inc., and amendments thereto.(3) |
10.22 | Support Agreement, dated February 29, 2000, between RSA Security, Inc. and iPass Inc.(3) |
10.23* | 2012 Annual Executive Management Bonus Plan.(12) |
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Exhibit Number | Description of Document |
10.24 | Offer Letter with Karen Willem dated June 7, 2013.(18) |
10.25 | Offer Letter with June Bower dated November 6, 2013. |
21.1 | Subsidiaries of the Registrant. |
23.1 | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. |
24.1 | Power of Attorney (reference is made to the signature page of this Form 10-K). |
31.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
31.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
101.INS** | XBRL Instance Document |
101.SCH** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
101.CAL** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
101.DEF** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
101.LAB** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document |
101.PRE** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
* | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan. |
** | XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) information is furnished and not filed herewith, is not a part of a registration statement of Prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, and is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |
(1) | Previously filed as the like-described exhibit to our Registration Statement Form S-1, as amended (SEC File No. 333-102715), filed on January 24, 2003, and incorporated by reference herein. |
(2) | Previously filed as the like-described exhibit to our Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 000-50327), filed on November 7, 2013, and incorporated by reference herein. |
(3) | Previously filed as the like-described exhibit to our Form 10-K (SEC File No. 000-50327), filed on March 16, 2006, and incorporated by reference herein. |
(4) | Previously filed as the like-described exhibit to our Form 10-K (SEC File No. 000-50327), filed on March 29, 2007, and incorporated by reference herein. |
(5) | Previously disclosed under the caption “Compensation of Directors” in our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A (SEC File No. 000-50327), filed on April 23, 2013, and incorporated by reference herein. |
(6) | Previously filed as the like-described exhibit to our Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 000-50327), filed on May 10, 2007, and incorporated by reference herein. |
(7) | Previously filed as the like-described exhibit to our Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 000-50327), filed on August 7, 2009, and incorporated by reference herein. |
(8) | Previously filed as the like-described exhibit to our Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 000-50327), filed on August 8, 2011, and incorporated by reference herein. |
(9) | Filed as Exhibit 10.16 to our Form 10-K, filed March 7, 2012 (SEC File No. 000-50327), and incorporated herein by reference. |
(10) | Previously filed as an appendix to our Proxy Statement (SEC File No. 000-50327), filed on July 14, 2009, and incorporated by reference herein. |
(11) | Previously filed as the like-described exhibit to our Form 10-K (SEC File No. 000-50327), filed on March 16, 2009, and incorporated by reference herein. |
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(12) | Previously described in our Form 8-K (SEC File No. 000-50327), filed on February 28, 2012, which description is incorporated by reference herein. |
(13) | Previously described in our Form 8-K (SEC File No. 000-50327), filed on June 1, 2009, which description is incorporated by reference herein. |
(14) | Previously filed as the like-described exhibit to our Form 8-K (SEC File No. 000-50327), filed on February 3, 2010, and incorporated by reference herein. |
(15) | Previously filed as the like-described exhibit to our Form 8-K (SEC File No. 000-50327), filed on July 6, 2011, and incorporated by reference herein. |
(16) | Previously filed as the like-described exhibit to our Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 000-50327), filed on November 13, 2003, and incorporated by reference herein. |
(17) | Described in Item 5.02 of our Form 8-K filed on March 20, 2013 (Registration No. 000-50327), which description is incorporated by reference herein. |
(18) | Previously filed as the like-described exhibit to our Form 10-Q SEC File No. 000-50327), filed on August 8, 2013, and incorporated by reference herein. |
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