UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

Mark one

 

S

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the quarterly period ended January 31, 2014

 

or

 

£

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from                        to                     

 

Commission File Number 001-09974

 

	ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
	(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

New York		13-2866202
(State or Other Jurisdiction		(IRS. Employer
of Incorporation or Organization)		Identification No.)
527 Madison Ave, New York, New York		10022
(Address of Principal Executive office)		(Zip Code)
212-583-0100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant has required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

 

Yes S No £

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 45 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of that chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

 

Yes S No £

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

 

Large accelerated filer £

Accelerated filer S

Non-accelerated filer £

Smaller reporting company £

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.)

 

Yes £ No S

 

As of March 1, 2014 the Registrant had approximately 42,580,000 shares of common stock outstanding.

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
FORM 10-Q
January 31, 2014

 

INDEX

 

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements		3
	Consolidated Balance Sheets – January 31, 2014 (unaudited) and July 31, 2013 (audited)		3
	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013 (unaudited)		4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and six months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013 (unaudited)		5
	Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the six months ended January 31, 2014 (unaudited)		6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013 (unaudited)		7
	Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements		8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		19
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		33
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures		33
Part II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings		34
Item 1A.	Risk Factors		34
Item 6.	Exhibits		34
Signatures			34

Part 1 Financial Information

Item 1 Financial Statements

 

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)

 

		January 31, 2014 (unaudited)				July 31, 2013 (audited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	7,621			$	9,007
Accounts receivable, net of allowances			11,855				12,288
Inventories			9,220				8,805
Prepaid expenses and other			1,945				2,456
Total current assets			30,641				32,556
Property, plant and equipment, net			8,112				8,617
Goodwill			7,452				7,452
Intangible assets, net			9,111				9,943
Other assets			418				390
Total assets		$	55,734			$	58,958
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Loan payable		$	2,913			$	3,264
Accounts payable – trade			8,818				8,481
Accrued liabilities			10,574				11,776
Other current liabilities			342				331
Total current liabilities			22,647				23,852
Deferred taxes			160				200
Other liabilities			737				774
Total liabilities		$	23,544			$	24,826
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred Stock, $.01 par value; authorized 25,000,000 shares; no shares issued or outstanding			—				—
Common Stock, $.01 par value; authorized 75,000,000 shares; shares issued: 42,315,616 at January 31, 2014 and 40,569,393 at July 31, 2013			424				406
Additional paid-in capital			308,772				304,288
Accumulated deficit			(278,773	)			(272,420	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income			1,767				1,858
Total stockholders’ equity			32,190				34,132
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity		$	55,734			$	58,958

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except per share data)

 

		Three Months Ended January 31,								Six Months Ended January 31,
		2014				2013				2014				2013
Revenues:
Clinical laboratory services		$	13,848			$	13,320			$	28,707			$	28,497
Product revenues			8,054				7,876				15,717				16,309
Royalty and license fee income			1,026				1,014				2,637				3,033
Total revenues			22,928				22,210				47,061				47,839
Operating expenses:
Cost of clinical laboratory services			9,292				9,425				19,001				19,135
Cost of product revenues			3,865				4,143				7,712				8,327
Research and development			832				968				1,649				1,979
Selling, general, and administrative			10,084				10,892				20,612				22,308
Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable			912				1,335				1,784				2,929
Legal			1,496				1,441				2,877				3,142
Total operating expenses			26,481				28,204				53,635				57,820
Operating loss			(3,553	)			(5,994	)			(6,574	)			(9,981	)
Other income (expense):
Interest			(52	)			(7	)			(114	)			(15	)
Other			15				43				76				56
Foreign currency gain			20				104				317				333
Loss before income taxes			(3,570	)			(5,854	)			(6,295	)			(9,607	)
(Provision) benefit for income taxes			4				180				(58	)			242
Net loss		$	(3,566	)		$	(5,674	)		$	(6,353	)		$	(9,365	)
Net loss per common share:
Basic and diluted		$	(0.09	)		$	(0.14	)		$	(0.15	)		$	(0.24	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted			41,887				39,312				41,472				39,295

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)

 

		Three Months Ended January 31,								Six Months Ended January 31,
		2014				2013				2014				2013
Net loss		$	(3,566	)		$	(5,674	)		$	(6,353	)		$	(9,365	)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments			(47	)			92				(91	)			252
Comprehensive loss		$	(3,613	)		$	(5,582	)		$	(6,444	)		$	(9,113	)

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Six months ended January 31, 2014
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except share data)

 

		Common Stock Shares				Common Stock Amount				Additional Paid-in Capital				Accumulated Deficit				Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income				Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at July 31, 2013			40,569,393			$	406			$	304,288			$	(272,420	)		$	1,858			$	34,132
Net (loss) for the period ended January 31, 2014			—				—				—				(6,353	)			—				(6,353	)
Share based compensation charges			—				—				212				—				—				212
Vesting of restricted stock			59,810				1				—				—				—				1
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock			1,686,413				17				4,227				—				—				4,244
Options issued in lieu of cash payment of incentive compensation award			—				—				45				—				—				45
Foreign currency translation adjustments			—				—				—				—				(91	)			(91	)
Balance at January 31, 2014			42,315,616			$	424			$	308,772			$	(278,773	)		$	1,767			$	32,190

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)

 

		Six Months Ended January 31,
		2014				2013
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss		$	(6,353	)		$	(9,365	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment			1,099				1,339
Amortization of intangible assets			928				997
Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable			1,784				2,929
Income tax benefit			(50	)			(243	)
Share based compensation charges			212				301
Accrual for share based 401(k) employer match			319				293
Foreign currency transaction (gain)			(319	)			(352	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable			(1,333	)			(1,299	)
Inventories			(381	)			(411	)
Prepaid expenses and other			512				148
Accounts payable – trade			345				(17	)
Accrued liabilities, other current liabilities and other liabilities			(1,467	)			1,107
Total adjustments			1,649				4,792
Net cash used in operating activities			(4,704	)			(4,573	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures			(444	)			(590	)
Security deposits and other			(28	)			(24	)
Net cash used in investing activities			(472	)			(614	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock			4,244				—
Proceeds from borrowings under Credit Agreement			36,614				—
Repayments under Credit Agreement			(36,965	)			—
Installment loan and capital lease obligation payments			(181	)			(83	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities			3,712				(83	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents			78				217
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents			(1,386	)			(5,053	)
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period			9,007				15,076
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period		$	7,621			$	10,023

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

As of January 31, 2014
and for the three and six months ended
January 31, 2014 and 2013

(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Enzo Biochem, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Enzo Life Sciences, Enzo Clinical Labs, Enzo Therapeutics and Enzo Realty LLC, collectively referred to as the “Company” or “Companies”. The consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2014, the consolidated statements of operations and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, the consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, and the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity for the six months ended January 31, 2014 are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position and operating results for the interim periods have been made. Certain information and footnote disclosure, normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, have been condensed or omitted. The consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2013 and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The consolidated balance sheet at July 31, 2013 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date. The results of operations for the three and six months ended January 31, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2014.

 

Note 2 – Net loss per share

 

Basic net income (loss) per share represents net income (loss) divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The dilutive effect of potential common shares if any, consisting of outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock is determined using the treasury stock method. Diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the three and six months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013 do not include the potential common shares from stock options and unvested restricted stock because to do so would be antidilutive, and as such is the same as basic weighted average shares outstanding.

 

During the three and six months ended January 31, 2014, potential shares from unvested restricted stock excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share were approximately 0 and 22,000 shares, respectively. During the three and six months ended January 31, 2013, potential shares from unvested restricted stock excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share were approximately 23,000 and 24,000 shares, respectively.

 

For the three and six months ended January 31, 2014 the effect of approximately 1,341,000 and 1,032,000 shares respectively, of outstanding “out of the money” options to purchase common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive. During the three and six months ended January 31, 2013, approximately 780,000 and 733,000 shares respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share.

 

Note 3 - Supplemental disclosure for statement of cash flows

 

For the six months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, income taxes paid by the Company were $17 and $46, respectively.

 

For the six months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, interest paid by the Company was $114 and $15, respectively.

 

For the six months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company financed $154 and $115 respectively, in machinery and transportation equipment under installment loans.

 

For the six months ended January 31, 2014, no capital leases were entered into. For the six months ended January 31, 2013, the Company entered into a capital lease for machinery and equipment with a cost basis of $768.

Note 4 - Inventories

 

Inventories consist of the following:

 

		January 31, 2014				July 31, 2013
Raw materials		$	1,154			$	922
Work in process			2,638				2,628
Finished products			5,428				5,255
		$	9,220			$	8,805

 

Note 5 – Goodwill and intangible assets

 

At January 31, 2014 and July 31, 2013, the Company’s net carrying amount of goodwill, related to the Clinical Labs segment, is $7,452.

 

The Company’s change in the net carrying amount of intangible assets, all in the Life Sciences segment is as follows:

 

		Gross				Accumulated Amortization				Net
July 31, 2013		$	28,214			$	(18,271	)		$	9,943
Amortization expense			—				(928	)			(928	)
Foreign currency translation			257				(161	)			96
January 31, 2014		$	28,471			$	(19,360	)		$	9,111

 

Intangible assets consist of the following:

 

		January 31, 2014												July 31, 2013
		Gross				Accumulated Amortization				Net				Gross				Accumulated Amortization				Net
Patents		$	11,027			$	(10,632	)		$	395			$	11,027			$	(10,587	)		$	440
Customer relationships			12,594				(6,038	)			6,556				12,446				(5,448	)			6,998
Website and acquired content			1,036				(1,023	)			13				1,026				(980	)			46
Licensed technology and other			531				(414	)			117				513				(382	)			131
Trademarks			3,283				(1,253	)			2,030				3,202				(874	)			2,328
Total		$	28,471			$	(19,360	)		$	9,111			$	28,214			$	(18,271	)		$	9,943

At January 31, 2014 information with respect to the intangibles acquired is as follows:

 

		Useful life assigned				Weighted average remaining useful life
Customer relationships			8-15 years				6.5 years
Trademarks			5 years				3.5 years
Other intangibles			4-5 years				1.5 years

 

At January 31, 2014, the weighted average useful lives of amortizable intangible assets were approximately five and a half years.

 

Note 6 - Loan Payable

 

On June 7, 2013, the Company entered into a secured Revolving Loan and Security Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) among the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, with Enzo Therapeutics as a guarantor, and Healthcare Finance Group, LLC (the “Lender). The Credit Agreement, which expires in December 2016, provides for borrowings against eligible US receivables, as defined, of the Clinical Lab and Life Science segments up to $8.0 million at defined eligibility percentages and provides for additional borrowings of $4.0 million for increased eligible assets. Debt issuance costs of $281 are being amortized over the life of the Credit Agreement. If the amount of borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility exceeds the borrowing base then in effect, or the Lender requires a reserve, the Company will be required to repay such borrowings in an amount sufficient to eliminate such excess. Interest on advances, payable monthly, is based on the three month LIBOR rate, with a floor of 1.25% plus an applicable margin of 4.0%, In the event of any default, the interest rate may be increased 3.0% over the current rate. The facility also carries a non-utilization fee of 0.50% per annum, payable monthly, on the unused portion of the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement requires a minimum borrowing of $2.0 million. During the 2014 first quarter the Company notified the Lender to allow for borrowings against the eligible Life Science receivables. At January 31, 2014, the borrowings under the Credit Agreement related to the Clinical Lab and Life Science receivables aggregated $2.9 million with no additional availability based on current eligible receivables and permitted borrowing levels, as defined.

 

The Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by primarily all the unencumbered U.S. assets of the Company, excluding buildings and intellectual property which the Lender has a negative pledge, and the capital stock of subsidiaries. The Credit Agreement includes customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default and requires maximum levels of cash usage and minimum levels of liquidity, as defined, and provides for increased liquidity levels if operating results are not achieved. Negative covenants include among others, limitations on additional debt, liens, loans or investments, distributions, asset sales and affiliate transactions. Events of default include non-payment of principal and interest on debt outstanding, non-performance of covenants, material change in business, breach of representations, bankruptcy and insolvency, material judgments and changes in control. As of and during the six months ended January 31, 2014, the Company is in compliance with the covenants.

 

Note 7 – Accrued Liabilities and Other Current Liabilities

 

Accrued liabilities consist of the following as of:

 

		January 31, 2014				July 31, 2013
Legal		$	3,166			$	3,104
Payroll, benefits, and commissions			3,848				4,794
Professional fees			578				721
Research and development			712				863
Other			2,270				2,294
		$	10,574			$	11,776

 

Other current liabilities consist of the following as of:

 

		January 31, 2014				July 31, 2013
Capital lease obligation		$	149			$	149
Installment loans			193				182
		$	342			$	331

Note 8 – Other Liabilities

 

Other liabilities consist of the following as of:

 

		January 31, 2014				July 31, 2013
Capital lease obligation, net of short term		$	434			$	505
Installment loans, net of short term			303				269
		$	737			$	774

 

As of January 31, 2014, future minimum payments under the capital lease, net of interest of $62 aggregates $583, including a short term debt portion of $149 included in other current liabilities. Future minimum payments under the installment loans aggregate $496, including a short term portion of $193 included in other current liabilities.

 

Note 9 – Stockholders’ Equity

 

Controlled Equity Offering

 

On March 28, 2013, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity Offering^SM Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., as sales agent (“Cantor”). Under the Sales Agreement, the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through Cantor, shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), having an aggregate offering price of up to $20.0 million (the “Shares”). The Company will pay Cantor a commission of 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds received under the Sales Agreement. The Company is not obligated to make any sales of the Shares under the Sales Agreement. The offering of Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (a) the sale of all of the Shares subject to the Sales Agreement or (b) the termination of the Sales Agreement by Cantor or the Company, as permitted therein. During the six months ended January 31, 2014, the Company sold an aggregate of 1,686,413 shares of common stock under the Sales Agreement at an average price of $2.59 per share and received proceeds of approximately $4.2 million, net of expenses.

 

Share-based compensation

 

The Company has an incentive stock option plan (the “1999 Plan”), an incentive stock option and restricted stock award plan (the “2005 Plan”), and a long term incentive share award plan, (the “2011 Incentive Plan”), which are more fully described in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013. The 2011 Plan, which is the only plan from which awards may now be granted, provides for the award to eligible employees, officers, directors, consultants and other persons of stock options, stock appreciation rights (SARs), restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance awards, and other stock-based awards.

 

The amounts of share-based compensation expense recognized in the periods presented are as follows:

 

		Three months ended January 31,								Six months ended January 31,
		2014				2013				2014				2013
Stock options		$	63			$	15			$	110			$	15
Restricted stock			46				145				102				286
		$	109			$	160			$	212			$	301

 

The following table sets forth the amount of expense related to share-based payment arrangements included in specific line items in the accompanying statements of operations:

 

		Three months ended January 31,								Six months ended January 31,
		2014				2013				2014				2013
Cost of clinical laboratory services		$	2			$	2			$	4			$	5
Research and development			—				1				1				1
Selling, general and administrative			107				157				207				295
		$	109			$	160			$	212			$	301

 

No excess tax benefits were recognized during the six month periods ended January 31, 2014 and 2013.

Stock Option Plans

 

The following table summarizes stock option activity during the six month period ended January 31, 2014:

 

		Options				Weighted Average Exercise Price				Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term			Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000s)
Outstanding at July 31, 2013			726,645			$	10.39
Awarded			645,117			$	2.82
Exercised			—			$
Cancelled or expired			(30,734	)		$	14.84
Outstanding at end of period			1,341,028			$	6.65				3.3 years		$	43
Exercisable at end of period			512,615			$	11.95				0.5 years		$	—

 

On October 3, 2013, the Company awarded 10,000 options to an officer with an exercise price of $2.53 and a five year term, which vest annually over four years. The fair value of the options granted was $1.23 per share. The assumptions used to fair value this option award were as follows: expected life of 4.75 years, expected volatility 57.6%, risk free interest rate of 1.3% and no dividend yield. As of January 31, 2014, none of these options were vested.

 

On November 26, 2013, the Company awarded 271,591 options to two senior officers with an exercise price of $3.00 and a four year term, which vest over one year. The award satisfies $0.2 million of their fiscal 2013 incentive compensation award liability in lieu of cash. The fair value of the options granted was $0.66 per share. The assumptions used to fair value this option award were as follows: expected life of 2.5 years, expected volatility 54.79%, risk free interest rate of 0.42% and no dividend yield. As of January 31, 2014, none of these options were vested.

 

On January 17, 2014, the Company awarded 267,797 options to two senior officers and the board of directors with an exercise price of $2.70 and a five year term, which vest annually over two years. The fair value of the options granted was $1.05 per share. The assumptions used to fair value this option award were as follows: expected life of 3.25 years, expected volatility 54.78%, a risk free interest rate of 0.90% and no dividend yield. As of January 31, 2014, none of these options were vested. Further on January 17, 2014, the Company awarded 95,729 options to executive officers with an exercise price of $2.70 and a five year term, which vest annually over three years. The fair value of the options granted was $1.10 per share. The assumptions used to fair value this option award were as follows: expected life of 3.5 years, expected volatility 55.45%, a risk free interest rate of 1.00% and no dividend yield. As of January 31, 2014, none of these options were vested.

 

As of January 31, 2014, the total future compensation cost related to non-vested options, not yet recognized in the statements of operations, was $0.6 million and the weighted average period over which the remaining expense of these awards is expected to be recognized is twenty months.

 

Restricted Stock Awards

 

A summary of the activity pursuant to the Company’s restricted stock awards for the six months ended January 31, 2014 is as follows:

 

		Awards				Weighted Average Award Price
Outstanding at July 31, 2013			125,133			$	3.45
Awarded			1,000				2.48
Vested			(59,810	)			2.42
Forfeited			(3,834	)			1.98
Unvested at end of period			62,489			$	4.52

 

The fair value of a restricted stock award is determined based on the closing stock price on the award date. As of January 31, 2014, there was approximately $0.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock-based compensation to be recognized over a weighted average remaining period of approximately one year.

The total number of shares available for grant as equity awards from the 2011 Incentive Plan is approximately 1,681,000 shares as of January 31, 2014.

 

Note 10 - Income taxes

 

At the end of each interim reporting period, the Company estimates its effective income tax rate expected to be applicable for the full year. This estimate is used to determine the income tax provision or benefit on a year-to-date basis and may change in subsequent interim periods.

 

The Company’s effective tax rate benefit for the three months ended January 31, 2014 was 0.1% compared to a benefit of 3.1% during the three months ended January 31, 2013. The Company’s effective tax rate (provision) benefit for the six months ended January 31, 2014 was a provision of (0.9%) compared to a benefit of 2.5% during the six months ended January 31, 2013. The tax (provision) benefit for the periods were based on state and local taxes and domestic and foreign tax for tax deductible intangibles. The Company’s effective tax rate for both periods differed from the expected net operating loss carryforward benefit at the U.S. federal statutory rate of 34% primarily due to the inability to recognize such benefit. The carryforward benefit cannot be recognized because of uncertainties relating to future taxable income in terms of both its timing and its sufficiency, which would enable the Company to realize the federal carryforward benefit.

 

The Company files a consolidated Federal income tax return. The Company files combined returns with California, Michigan and New York State and City for certain subsidiaries. Other subsidiaries file separate state and foreign tax returns. With few exceptions, the periods that remain subject to examination are fiscal years ended July 31, 2010 through July 31, 2012. The Company’s Federal income tax return for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2011 is currently under examination which is ongoing.

 

Note 11 – Royalty and licensing income

 

The Company’s Life Science segment has a license agreement with QIAGEN Gaithersburg Inc. (“Qiagen”) that began in 2005, whereby the Company earns quarterly royalties on the net sales of Qiagen products subject to the license until the expiration of the patent on April 24, 2018. During each of the three months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded royalty income under the Agreement of approximately $1.0 million. During the six months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded royalty income under the Agreement of approximately $2.6 million and $3.0 million, respectively.

 

Note 12 – Segment reporting

 

The Company has three reportable segments: Clinical Labs, Life Sciences, and Therapeutics. The Clinical Labs segment provides diagnostic services to the health care community. The Company’s Life Sciences segment develops, manufactures, and markets products to research and pharmaceutical customers. The Company’s Therapeutic segment conducts research and development activities for therapeutic drug candidates. The Company evaluates segment performance based on segment income (loss) before taxes. Costs excluded from segment income (loss) before taxes and reported as “Other” consist of corporate general and administrative costs which are not allocable to the three reportable segments.

 

Management of the Company assesses assets on a consolidated basis only and, therefore, assets by reportable segment have not been included in the reportable segments below. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2013.

The following financial information represents the operating results of the reportable segments of the Company:

 

Three months ended January 31, 2014

 

		Clinical Labs				Life Sciences				Therapeutics				Other				Consolidated
Revenues:
Clinical laboratory services		$	13,848				—				—				—			$	13,848
Product revenues			—			$	8,054				—				—				8,054
Royalty and license fee income			—				1,026				—				—				1,026
			13,848				9,080				—				—				22,928
Operating expenses:
Cost of clinical laboratory services			9,292				—				—				—				9,292
Cost of product revenues			—				3,865				—				—				3,865
Research and development			3				543			$	286				—				832
Selling, general and administrative			4,981				3,318				—			$	1,785				10,084
Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable			920				(8	)			—				—				912
Legal			142				15				—				1,339				1,496
Total operating expenses			15,338				7,733				286				3,124				26,481
Operating income (loss)			(1,490	)			1,347				(286	)			(3,124	)			(3,553	)
Other income (expense)
Interest			(11	)			3				—				(44	)			(52	)
Other			9				(6	)			—				12				15
Foreign currency gain			—				20				—				—				20
Income (loss) before income taxes		$	(1,492	)		$	1,364			$	(286	)		$	(3,156	)		$	(3,570	)
Depreciation and amortization included above		$	355			$	621			$	2			$	24			$	1,002
Share-based compensation included in above:
Cost of clinical laboratory services		$	2				—				—				—			$	2
Research and development			—				—				—				—				—
Selling, general and administrative			9			$	5				—			$	93				107
Total		$	11			$	5				—			$	93			$	109
Capital expenditures		$	103			$	7			$	—			$	—			$	110

Three months ended January 31, 2013

 

		Clinical Labs				Life Sciences				Therapeutics				Other				Consolidated
Revenues:
Clinical laboratory services		$	13,320				—				—				—			$	13,320
Product revenues			—			$	7,876				—				—				7,876
Royalty and license fee income			—				1,014				—				—				1,014
			13,320				8,890				—				—				22,210
Operating expenses:
Cost of clinical laboratory services			9,425				—				—				—				9,425
Cost of product revenues			—				4,143				—				—				4,143
Research and development			86				570			$	312				—				968
Selling, general and administrative			4,911				4,081				—			$	1,900				10,892
Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable			1,213				122				—				—				1,335
Legal			51				31				—				1,359				1,441
Total operating expenses			15,686				8,947				312				3,259				28,204
Operating income (loss)			(2,366	)			(57	)			(312	)			(3,259	)			(5,994	)
Other income (expense)
Interest			(13	)			5				—				1				(7	)
Other			17				17				—				9				43
Foreign currency gain			—				104				—				—				104
Income (loss) before income taxes		$	(2,362	)		$	69			$	(312	)		$	(3,249	)		$	(5,854	)
Depreciation and amortization included above		$	355			$	799			$	7			$	25			$	1,186
Share-based compensation included in above:
Cost of clinical laboratory services		$	2				—				—				—			$	2
Research and development			—				1				—				—				1
Selling, general and administrative			11			$	6				—			$	140				157
Total		$	13			$	7				—			$	140			$	160
Capital expenditures		$	241			$	87			$	—			$	—			$	328

The following financial information represents the operating results of the reportable segments of the Company:

 

Six months ended January 31, 2014

 

		Clinical Labs				Life Sciences				Therapeutics				Other				Consolidated
Revenues:
Clinical laboratory services		$	28,707				—				—				—			$	28,707
Product revenues			—			$	15,717				—				—				15,717
Royalty and license fee income			—				2,637				—				—				2,637
			28,707				18,354				—				—				47,061
Operating expenses:
Cost of clinical laboratory services			19,001				—				—				—				19,001
Cost of product revenues			—				7,712				—				—				7,712
Research and development			14				1,069			$	566				—				1,649
Selling, general and administrative			10,031				6,813				—			$	3,768				20,612
Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable			1,764				20				—				—				1,784
Legal			290				37				—				2,550				2,877
Total operating expenses			31,100				15,651				566				6,318				53,635
Operating income (loss)			(2,393	)			2,703				(566	)			(6,318	)			(6,574	)
Other income (expense)
Interest			(22	)			8				—				(100	)			(114	)
Other			27				21				—				28				76
Foreign currency gain			—				317				—				—				317
Income (loss) before income taxes		$	(2,388	)		$	3,049			$	(566	)		$	(6,390	)		$	(6,295	)
Depreciation and amortization included above		$	710			$	1,262			$	6			$	49			$	2,027
Share-based compensation included in above:
Cost of clinical laboratory services		$	4				—				—				—			$	4
Research and development			—			$	1				—				—				1
Selling, general and administrative			19				9				—			$	179				207
Total		$	23			$	10				—			$	179			$	212
Capital expenditures		$	362			$	82			$	—			$	—			$	444

Six months ended January 31, 2013

 

		Clinical Labs				Life Sciences				Therapeutics				Other				Consolidated
Revenues:
Clinical laboratory services		$	28,497				—				—				—			$	28,497
Product revenues			—			$	16,309				—				—				16,309
Royalty and license fee income			—				3,033				—				—				3,033
			28,497				19,342				—				—				47,839
Operating expenses:
Cost of clinical laboratory services			19,135				—				—				—				19,135
Cost of product revenues			—				8,327				—				—				8,327
Research and development			175				1,175			$	629				—				1,979
Selling, general and administrative			9,873				8,353				—			$	4,082				22,308
Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable			2,769				160				—				—				2,929
Legal			158				36				—				2,948				3,142
Total operating expenses			32,110				18,051				629				7,030				57,820
Operating income (loss)			(3,613	)			1,291				(629	)			(7,030	)			(9,981	)
Other income (expense)
Interest			(22	)			4				—				3				(15	)
Other			24				20				—				12				56
Foreign currency gain			—				333				—				—				333
Income (loss) before income taxes		$	(3,611	)		$	1,648			$	(629	)		$	(7,015	)		$	(9,607	)
Depreciation and amortization included above		$	663			$	1,604			$	14			$	55			$	2,336
Share-based compensation included in above:
Cost of clinical laboratory services		$	4				—				—				—			$	4
Research and development			—			$	1				—				—				1
Selling, general and administrative			22				6				—			$	268				296
Total		$	26			$	7				—			$	268			$	301
Capital expenditures		$	420			$	170			$	—			$	—			$	590

Note 13 - Contingencies

 

On June 7, 2004, the Company and Enzo Life Sciences, Inc., filed suit in the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut against Applera Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiary Tropix, Inc., now Life Technologies, Inc. (NASDAQ:LIFE) which was acquired by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.(NYSE:TMO) on February 3, 2014. The complaint alleged infringement of six patents relating to DNA sequencing systems, labeled nucleotide products, and other technology. Yale University is the owner of four of the patents and the Company is the exclusive licensee. These four patents are commonly referred to as the “Ward” patents. On November 12, 2012, a jury in New Haven found that one of these patents (United States Patent No. 5,449,667) was infringed and not proven invalid. The jury awarded $48.5 million for this infringement. On January 6, 2014, the judge awarded prejudgment interest of approximately $12.5 million and additional post-interest on the full amount will also be awarded starting November 7, 2012 until the total award is satisfied.  The final award to Enzo could be reduced or be subject to possible claims from third parties. On February 3, 2014, Life Technologies filed a notice of appeal and there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in this litigation. Even if the Company is not successful, management does not believe that there will be a significant adverse monetary impact on the Company.

 

As of August 1, 2013, the Company, as plaintiff, was engaged in litigation in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against six parties (and certain of their related companies): Amersham plc, PerkinElmer, Inc., Molecular Probes, Inc., Orchid Biosciences, Inc., Affymetrix, Inc., and Roche Diagnostic GmbH (“Roche”). These cases were commenced at various times from October 2002 to June 2004. In each of the six cases, the Company had asserted similar (with some differences) causes of action against the defendants which can be generally described as contract, tort, fraud, and patent claims, except that no patent claims are asserted against Affymetrix. In the Roche case, Roche seeks a declaratory judgment of non-breach and patent invalidity against the Company. The cases were consolidated for pre-trial purposes in 2004 and there has been extensive discovery among the parties. In 2011, the defendants moved for summary judgment of non-infringement regarding the Company’s patent claims. In 2012, those motions were granted in part and denied in part. In December 2012, all six defendants moved for summary judgment on the Company’s non-patent claims. Additional discovery was taken and the Company responded to the motions in May 2013. On October 22, 2013, the Court granted Amersham’s motion for summary judgment.  Thereafter, on November 26, 2013, the parties settled and dismissed the Amersham case. On October 28, 2013, the Court granted in part and denied in part PerkinElmer’s motion for summary judgment. A jury trial in that case was scheduled for March 18, 2014, but has since been adjourned without date. By decisions dated December 6, 2013, the Court granted in part and denied in part the summary judgment motions by Roche and Affymetrix. Jury trials have been ordered in both cases; Affymetrix was originally scheduled for April 14, 2014, but has been rescheduled for May 12, 2014 and Roche on a date to be determined. On the same date, the Court granted the remaining two summary judgment motions by Molecular Probes and Orchid.

 

In 2012, the Company received a Subpoena Duces Tecum (the “Subpoena”) from the federal Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General (“OIG”). The Subpoena was issued as part of an investigation being conducted by the US Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of New York in conjunction with the OIG. While a number of potential issues were raised initially by the government, the investigation has come to focus primarily on certain practices relating to an alleged failure to collect diagnosis codes from physicians who ordered tests through Enzo Clinical Labs. The time period covered by the investigation is from 2004 through 2011. In response to the Subpoena, the Company is cooperating with the government and has provided documents as requested and no claim has yet been asserted by the OIG. The Company continues to review the methodologies around the matters raised as well as the facts that impact them. The process in these on-going discussions includes the Company reviewing the government’s methodology, the submission of additional information for the government’s review and consideration, and meetings with the government to discuss various facts and issues surrounding this matter. Due to the on-going review, various questions of fact and the continuing discussions with the government the Company is unable at this time to predict the outcome or estimate the potential impact that could result from the final resolution of the investigation. The results of this matter could have a material effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

 

The Company is party to other claims, legal actions, complaints, and contractual disputes that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company believes that any liability that may ultimately result from the resolution of these matters will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and other information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

 

Forward-Looking Statements

 

Our disclosure and analysis in this report, including but not limited to the information discussed in this Item 2, contain forward-looking information about our Company’s financial results and estimates, business prospects and products in research and development that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. From time to time, we also may provide oral or written forward-looking statements in other materials we release to the public. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historic or current facts. They use words such as “anticipate”, “estimate”, “expect”, “project”, “intend”, “plan”, “believe”, “will”, and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with any discussion of future operations or financial performance. In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, prospective products or product approvals, future performance or results of current and anticipated products, sales efforts, expenses, interest rates, foreign currency rates, intellectual property matters, the outcome of contingencies, such as legal proceedings, and financial results.

 

We cannot guarantee that any forward-looking statement will be realized, although we believe we have been prudent in our plans and assumptions. Achievement of future results is subject to risks, uncertainties and inaccurate assumptions. Should known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results could vary materially from past results and those anticipated, estimated or projected. As a result, investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of our forward-looking statements. Investors should bear this in mind as they consider forward-looking statements. We do not assume any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement that we make, even if new information becomes available or other events occur in the future. We are also affected by other factors that may be identified from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, some of which are set forth in Item 1A - Risk Factors in our Form 10-K filing for the July 31, 2013 fiscal year. You are advised to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our Forms 10-Q, 8-K and 10-K reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Although we have attempted to provide a list of important factors which may affect our business, investors are cautioned that other factors may prove to be important in the future and could affect our operating results. You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors or to assess the impact of each factor or combination of factors on our business. Consequently, you should not consider any such list to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties.

 

Overview

 

Enzo Biochem, Inc. (the “Company” “we”, “our” or “Enzo”) is a growth-oriented integrated life sciences and biotechnology company focused on harnessing biological processes to develop research tools, diagnostics and therapeutics and serves as a provider of test services, including esoteric tests, to the medical community. Since our founding in 1976, our strategic focus has been on the development of enabling technologies in research, development, manufacture, licensing and marketing of innovative health care products, platforms and services based on molecular and cellular technologies. Our pioneering work in genomic analysis coupled with our extensive patent estate and enabling platforms have strategically positioned the Company to play an important role in the rapidly growing life sciences and molecular medicine marketplaces.

 

In the course of our research and development activities, we have built a substantial portfolio of intellectual property assets, comprising 145 key issued patents worldwide, and over 160 pending patent applications, along with extensive enabling technologies and platforms.

We are comprised of three operating segments, of which the Therapeutics and Life Sciences segments have evolved out of our core competencies: the use of nucleic acids as informational molecules and the use of compounds for immune modulation and augmented by the previous acquisitions of a number of related companies. The Company’s Enzo Clinical Labs and Enzo Life Sciences reporting units, as described below, are affected by different US and global economic conditions which are included in Item 1A, Risk Factors in our Form 10-K filing for the July 31, 2013 fiscal year.

 

Below are brief descriptions of each of our operating segments (See Note 12 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements):

 

Enzo Clinical Labs is a regional clinical laboratory serving the New York, New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania medical communities. The Company believes having clinical diagnostic services allows us to capitalize first hand on our extensive advanced technological capabilities and the broader trends in predictive and personalized diagnostics. Enzo Clinical Labs offers a menu of routine and esoteric clinical laboratory tests or procedures used in general patient care by physicians to establish or support a diagnosis, monitor treatment or medication, and search for an otherwise undiagnosed condition. We operate a full-service clinical laboratory in Farmingdale, New York, a network of over 35 patient service centers throughout New York and New Jersey, a stand-alone “stat” or rapid response laboratory in New York City and a full-service phlebotomy, in-house logistics department, and information technology department.

 

Enzo Life Sciences manufactures, develops and markets products and tools to life sciences, drug development and clinical research customers world-wide and has amassed a large patent and technology portfolio. Enzo Life Sciences, Inc. is a recognized leader in labeling and detection technologies across research and diagnostic markets. Our strong portfolio of proteins, antibodies, peptides, small molecules, labeling probes, dyes and kits provides life science researchers tools for target identification/validation, high content analysis, gene expression analysis, nucleic acid detection, protein biochemistry and detection, and cellular analysis. We are internationally recognized and acknowledged as a leader in manufacturing, in-licensing, and commercialization of over 7,500 of our own products and in addition distribute over 30,000 products made by over 40 other original manufacturers. Our strategic focus is directed to innovative diagnostic platforms and high quality research reagents and kits in the primary key research areas of genomics, cellular analysis, small molecule chemistry, protein homeostasis epigenetics immunoassays and assay development.

 

The segment is an established source for a comprehensive panel of products to scientific experts in the fields of cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, diabetes and obesity, endocrine disorders, infectious and autoimmune disease, hepatotoxicity and renal injury.

 

Enzo Therapeutics is a biopharmaceutical venture that has developed multiple novel approaches in the areas of gastrointestinal, infectious, ophthalmic and metabolic diseases, many of which are derived from the pioneering work of Enzo Life Sciences. Enzo Therapeutics has focused its efforts on developing treatment regimens for diseases and conditions for which current treatment options are ineffective, costly, and/or cause unwanted side effects. This focus has generated a clinical and preclinical pipeline, as well as more than 45 patents and patent applications.

Results of Operations
Three months ended January 31, 2014 compared to January 31, 2013

 

(in 000s)

 

Comparative Financial Data for the Three Months Ended January 31,

 

Revenues:		2014				2013				Increase (Decrease)				% Change
Clinical laboratory services		$	13,848			$	13,320			$	528				4	%
Product revenues			8,054				7,876				178				2
Royalty and license fee income			1,026				1,014				12				1
Total revenues			22,928				22,210				718				3
Operating expenses:
Cost of clinical laboratory services			9,292				9,425				(133	)			(1	)
Cost of product revenues			3,865				4,143				(278	)			(7	)
Research and development			832				968				(136	)			(14	)
Selling, general, and administrative			10,084				10,892				(808	)			(7	)
Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable			912				1,335				(423	)			(32	)
Legal			1,496				1,441				55				4
Total operating expenses			26,481				28,204				(1,723	)			(6	)
Operating loss			(3,553	)			(5,994	)			(2,441	)			41
Other income (expense):
Interest			(52	)			(7	)			45				**
Other			15				43				(28	)			(65	)
Foreign currency gain			20				104				(84	)			(81	)
Loss before income taxes		$	(3,570	)		$	(5,854	)		$	(2,284	)			(39	)

 

** not meaningful

 

Consolidated Results:

 

The “2014 period” and the “2013 period” refer to the three months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

 

Clinical laboratory services revenues for the 2014 period were $13.8 million compared to $13.3 million in the 2013 period. The 2014 period’s increase over the 2013 period was $0.5 million or 4% due to higher reimbursement rates and higher volume from certain new test offerings of $2.2 million offset by weather related impacts during the period of $0.5 million and lower reimbursements of $1.2 million. During the 2013 period revenues were negatively impacted by approximately $0.6 million due to a severe storm affecting our service area in the first week of the quarter.

 

Product revenues increased by $0.2 million or 2% in the 2014 period to $8.1 million as compared to $7.9 million in the 2013 period due to the impact of targeted sales and marketing of higher margin products.

 

Royalty and license fee income during both the 2014 and 2013 periods was $1.0 million. Royalties are primarily earned from the reported sales of Qiagen products subject to a license agreement. There are no direct expenses relating to royalty and licensing income.

The cost of clinical laboratory services during the 2014 period was $9.3 million compared to $9.4 million in the 2013 period. During 2014, the Company had a decrease in reagent costs and supplies of $0.4 million and a decrease in other costs of $0.1 million, offset by higher outside reference testing of $0.4 million. Certain expense variances are affected by the changes in the mix of tests performed.

 

The cost of product revenues during the 2014 period was $3.8 million compared to $4.1 million in the 2013 period, a decrease of $0.3 million or 7%. The decrease is attributed to sales mix with lower costs.

 

Research and development expenses were approximately $0.8 million during the 2014 period, compared to $0.9 million in the 2013 period, a decrease of $0.1 million or 14%. The decrease was principally attributed to lower costs of $0.1 million at Enzo Clinical Labs due to lower payroll and other costs.

 

The Company’s selling, general and administrative expenses were approximately $10.1 million during the 2014 period and $10.9 million during the 2013 period, a decrease of $0.8 million or 7%. The Enzo Life Sciences segment selling, general and administrative decreased by $0.8 million due to the positive effects from the business realignments in the last two quarters of fiscal 2013 through the first quarter of fiscal 2014 resulting in lower payroll and related costs of $0.6 million, lower depreciation and amortization of $0.1 million and $0.1 million in other operating costs. The Other selling general and administrative decreased by $0.1 million, primarily due to lower salary and related costs of $0.2 million offset by higher professional fees and other costs of $0.1 million. The Clinical Lab segment selling general and administrative increased by $0.1 million primarily due to increases in payroll related costs.

 

The provision for uncollectible accounts receivable, primarily related to the Clinical Labs segment, was $0.9 million for the 2014 period as compared to $1.3 million in the 2013 period. The decrease is primarily due to the change in payer mix and service volume and improvements in collection experience at the Clinical Labs. As a percentage of revenues the provision for uncollectible accounts receivable for the Clinical Lab segment decreased to 6.6% in the 2014 period from 9.1% in the 2013 period.

 

Legal expense was $1.5 million during the 2014 period compared to $1.4 million in the 2013 period, an increase of $0.1 million primarily due to timing of patent litigation costs.

 

Interest expense was $0.1 million during the 2014 period an increase of $0.1 million over the 2013 period due to interest incurred on the credit agreement entered into in the fourth quarter of 2013.

 

During the 2014 period, the gain on foreign currency transactions was $0.02 million as compared to a gain of $0.1 million in the 2013 period. The gain in the both periods was due to the strengthening of foreign currencies relative to the US dollar.

Segment Results

 

Clinical Labs

 

The Clinical Labs segment’s loss before taxes was $1.5 million for the 2014 period as compared to a loss of $2.4 million in the 2013 period, a decrease of $0.9 million resulting primarily from an increase in service volume and a decrease in the provision for uncollectible accounts receivable. The revenue from laboratory services increased in the 2014 period by $0.5 million due to higher reimbursement rates and test volumes from certain payers related to new test offerings of $2.2 million offset by weather related impacts during the period of $0.5 million and lower reimbursements of $1.2 million. As a result of these revenue impacts and changes in costs of services, the 2014 period gross profit of $4.6 million increased from the 2013 period by $0.7 million. Selling, general and administrative expense increased by approximately $0.1 million primarily due to increases in payroll costs. The provision for uncollectible accounts receivable decreased by $0.3 million as compared to the 2013 period due to the improved collection procedures implemented and changes in the mix of payers and as a percentage of revenues decreased to 6.6% in the 2014 period from 9.1% in the 2013 period.

 

Life Sciences

 

The Life Sciences segment’s income before taxes was $1.4 million for the 2014 period as compared to $0.1 million for the 2013 period. The segment’s gross profit was $5.2 million in the 2014 period, as compared $4.7 million in the 2013 period. Gross profit was positively impacted by sales mix from higher margin products. Product revenues increased by $0.2 million or 2% in the 2014 period to $8.1 million. Royalty and license fee income was $1.0 million and is primarily from the reported sales of Qiagen products subject to a license agreement. The segment’s other operating expenses, including research and development, selling, general and administrative, bad debts and legal decreased by approximately $0.9 million during the 2014 period primarily due to lower selling, general and administration of $0.8 million, primarily payroll and related expenses, and lower bad debt expense of $0.1 million. Due to the slight strengthening of foreign currencies during the 2014 period as compared to the 2013 period, the foreign currency gain decreased by $0.1 million in the 2014 period.

 

Therapeutics

 

Therapeutics loss before income taxes was approximately $0.3 million in both the 2014 and 2013 period.

 

Other

 

The Other loss before taxes for the 2014 period was approximately $3.2 million as compared to $3.3 million for the 2013 period, a decrease of $0.1 million. General and administrative costs decreased by $0.1 million primarily due lower salary and related costs of $0.2 million offset by higher professional fees of $0.1 million.

Results of Operations
Six months ended January 31, 2014 as compared to January 31, 2013

 

		2014				2013				Increase (Decrease)				% Change
Revenues:
Clinical laboratory services		$	28,707			$	28,497			$	210				1	%
Product revenues			15,717				16,309				(592	)			(4	)
Royalty and license fee income			2,637				3,033				(396	)			(13	)
Total revenues			47,061				47,839				(778	)			(2	)
Operating expenses:
Cost of clinical laboratory services			19,001				19,135				(134	)			(1	)
Cost of product revenues			7,712				8,327				(615	)			(7	)
Research and development			1,649				1,979				(330	)			(17	)
Selling, general, and administrative			20,612				22,308				(1,696	)			(8	)
Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable			1,784				2,929				(1,145	)			(39	)
Legal			2,877				3,142				(265	)			(8	)
Total operating expenses			53,635				57,820				(4,185	)			(7	)
Operating loss			(6,574	)			(9,981	)			(3,407	)			(34	)
Other income (expense):
Interest			(114	)			(15	)			99				**
Other			76				56				20				36
Foreign currency gain			317				333				(16	)			(5	)
Loss before income taxes		$	(6,295	)		$	(9,607	)		$	(3,312	)			(34	)

 

** not meaningful

 

Consolidated Results:

 

The “2014 period” and the “2013 period” refer to the six months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

 

Clinical laboratory services revenues for the 2014 period were $28.7 million compared to $28.5 million in the 2013 period. The 2014 period’s increase over the 2013 period was $0.2 million or 1% due to higher reimbursement rates and higher volume related to new test offerings of $3.3 million offset by weather related impacts during the period of $0.5 million and lower reimbursements of $2.6 million. During the 2013 period revenues were negatively impacted by approximately $1.3 million due to a severe storm affecting our service area in the last three days of the first quarter and the first week of the second quarter and by reduced reimbursements from third party payers.

 

Product revenues decreased by $0.6 million or 4% in the 2014 period to $15.7 million as compared to $16.3 million in the 2013 period. During the 2014 period we experienced an overall decline attributed to certain distributed products for certain customer types and declines in resale products due to market softness in research reagent products. Revenues in the second quarter of fiscal 2014 improved over the first quarter due to the impact of targeted sales and marketing of higher margin products.

 

Royalty and license fee income during the 2014 period was $2.6 million compared to $3.0 million in the 2013 period a decrease of $0.4 million or 13%. Royalties are primarily earned from the reported sales of Qiagen products subject to a license agreement. There are no direct expenses relating to royalty and licensing income.

The cost of clinical laboratory services during the 2014 period was $19.0 million as compared to $19.1 million in the 2013 period, a decrease of $0.1 million or 1%. During 2014, the Company had decreases in reagent costs and supplies of $0.5 million offset by higher outside reference testing of $0.5 million, and a decrease in other lab costs of $0.2 million offset by an increase in payroll costs of $0.1 million. Certain expense variances are affected by the changes in the mix of tests offered to the ordering physician.

 

The cost of product revenues during the 2014 period was $7.7 million compared to $8.3 million in the 2013 period, a decrease of $0.6 million or 7%. The decrease is attributed to lower revenue offset by a favorable mix of products sold with a lower cost of goods in the second quarter.

 

Research and development expenses were approximately $1.7 million during the 2014 period, compared to $2.0 million in the 2013 period, a decrease of $0.3 million or 17%. The decrease was principally attributed to lower costs of $0.1 million at the Enzo Life Sciences segment due to lower payroll and related costs of $0.1 million and other costs of $0.1 million offset by higher patent costs of $0.1 million and a decrease at Enzo Clinical Labs of $0.2 million due to lower payroll and other costs.

 

The Company’s selling, general and administrative expenses were approximately $20.6 million during the 2014 period and $22.3 million during the 2013 period, a decrease of $1.7 million or 8%. The Enzo Life Sciences segment selling, general and administrative decreased by $1.5 million due to the positive effects from the business realignments in the last three quarters of fiscal 2013 resulting in lower payroll and related costs of $1.2 million, lower depreciation and amortization of $0.2 million, $0.2 million in lower professional fees and other costs offset by a $0.1 million increase in marketing costs. The Other selling general and administrative decreased by $0.3 million, primarily due to lower salary and related costs of $0.2 million and $0.1 million in lower professional fees. The Clinical Lab segment selling general and administrative increased by $0.2 million primarily due to increases in other costs of $0.1 million and payroll related costs of $0.1 million.

 

The provision for uncollectible accounts receivable, primarily related to the Clinical Labs segment, was $1.8 million for the 2014 period as compared to $2.9 million in the 2013 period. The decrease is primarily due to the change in payer mix and service volume and improvements in collection experience at the Clinical Labs. As a percentage of revenues the provision for uncollectible accounts receivable for the Clinical Labs segment decreased to 6.1% in the 2014 period from 9.7% in the 2013 period.

 

Legal expense was $2.9 million during the 2014 period compared to $3.2 million in the 2013 period, a decrease of $0.3 million due to an overall decrease in legal services in the 2014 period attributed to the timing of patent litigation and other litigation related matters.

 

Interest expense was $0.1 million during the 2014 period an increase of $0.1 million over the 2013 period due to interest incurred on the credit agreement entered into in the fourth quarter of 2013.

 

During the 2014 and the 2013 periods, the gain on foreign currency transactions was $0.3 million. The gain in both periods was due to the strengthening of foreign currencies relative to the US dollar. The Company is impacted by various foreign currencies including the Swiss Franc, Euro and British pound.

Segment Results

 

Clinical Labs

 

The Clinical Labs segment’s loss before taxes was $2.4 million for the 2014 period as compared to a loss of $3.6 million in the 2013 period, a decrease of $1.2 million or 34% resulting from an increase in service volume and a decrease in the provision for uncollectible accounts receivable. The revenue from laboratory services increased in the 2014 period by $0.2 million due to incremental growth related to new test offerings of $3.3 million offset by weather related impacts during the period of $0.5 million and lower reimbursements of $2.6 million. As a result of these revenue impacts and changes in costs of services, the 2014 period gross profit of $9.7 million increased from the 2013 period by $0.3 million. Selling, general and administrative expense increased by approximately $0.2 million primarily due to increases in other costs of $0.1 million and payroll costs of $0.1 million. The provision for uncollectible accounts receivable decreased by $1.0 million as compared to the 2013 period due to the improved implemented collection procedures and changes in the mix of payers and as a percentage of revenues decreased to 6.1% in the 2014 period from 9.7% in the 2013 period

 

Life Sciences

 

The Life Sciences segment’s income before taxes was $3.0 million for the 2014 period as compared to $1.6 million for the 2013 period, an increase of $1.4 million or 85%. The segment’s gross profit was $10.6 million in the 2014 period, as compared to $11.0 million in the 2013 period, a decrease of $0.4 million or 3%. Gross profit was negatively impacted by lower royalties, offset by reduced payroll, facility and other costs resulting from realignments during the last three quarters of fiscal 2013. Product revenues decreased by $0.6 million or 4% in the 2014 period to $15.7 million. Royalty and license fee income declined $0.4 million in the 2014 period and is primarily from the reported sales of Qiagen products subject to a license agreement. The segment’s other operating expenses, including selling, general and administrative, legal and research and development, decreased by approximately $1.8 million during the 2014 period due to reduced selling, general and administrative of $1.5 million attributed to cost reductions from headcount realignments and continued centralization of activities since the second quarter of fiscal 2013, research and development of $0.1 million and lower provision for doubtful accounts of $0.1 million. Due to the similar level of strengthening of foreign currencies during both the 2014 and 2013 periods, the foreign currency gain was unchanged in the 2014 period.

 

Therapeutics

 

Therapeutics loss before income taxes was approximately $0.6 million for the 2014 and 2013 periods.

 

Other

 

The Other loss before taxes for the 2014 period was approximately $6.4 million as compared to $7.0 million for the 2013 period, a decrease of $0.6 million or 9%. In the 2014 period legal expenses decreased by $0.4 million due to the timing of legal services directly related to patent litigation costs and other legal activities. General and administrative costs decreased by $0.3 million due to lower compensation and related costs of $0.2 million and professional fees decreases of $0.1 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

At January 31, 2014, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $7.6 million of which $1.6 million was in foreign accounts, as compared to cash and cash equivalents of $9.0 million, of which $1.5 million was in foreign accounts at July 31, 2013. It is the Company’s current intent to permanently reinvest these funds outside of the United States, and its current plans do not demonstrate a need to repatriate them to fund its United States operations. The Company had working capital of $8.0 million at January 31, 2014 compared to $8.7 million at July 31, 2013. The decrease in working capital of $0.7 million was primarily the result of the net loss and funding capital expenditures and changes in net operating assets and liabilities, offset by proceeds from issuance of common stock under the Controlled Equity Offering program.

 

Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended January 31, 2014 was approximately $4.7 million as compared to $4.6 million for the six months ended January 31, 2013. The increase in net cash used in operating activities in the 2014 period over the 2013 period of approximately $0.1 million was primarily due to the changes in operating assets and liabilities of $1.8 million, relating primarily to a decrease in current liabilities offset by a decrease in the net loss of $3.0 million and lower non-cash charges of $1.3 million.

 

Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended January 31, 2014 was approximately $0.5 million as compared to cash used of $0.6 million for the six months ended January 31, 2103. The decrease over the 2013 period was due to lower capital expenditures of $0.1 million.

 

Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended January 31, 2014 was approximately $3.7 million as compared to cash used of $0.1 million for the six months ended January 31, 2013. The increase in cash provided by financing was due to the proceeds from the issuance of common stock of $4.2 million offset by a net decrease in borrowings of $0.4 million under the Credit Agreement and the increase in payments of installment loans and capital leases of $0.1 million.

 

Despite the challenging global economic environment, affecting Life Sciences revenues in fiscal 2013 and continuing in 2014, at reduced levels, attributed to macroeconomic concerns, reduced funding of customer research budgets and the impact of the Company’s rationalization of low margin products, and at the Clinical Labs the impact of healthcare reform regulations and changes in payer policies affecting reimbursements to providers, the Company believes that its current cash and cash equivalents level, utilization of the Controlled Equity Offering program disclosed in Note 9, and future available borrowings under the Revolving Loan and Security Agreement disclosed in Note 6 are sufficient for its foreseeable liquidity and capital resource needs over the next twelve (12) months, although there can be no assurance that future events will not alter such view. Although there can be no assurances, in the event additional capital is required, the Company believes it has the ability to raise additional funds through other equity offerings or other sources of funds. Our liquidity plans are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including those described in the Item 1A. “Risk Factors” section of the Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2013 and referred to above are unchanged, some of which are outside our control. Macroeconomic conditions could limit our ability to successfully execute our business plans and therefore adversely affect our liquidity plans.

 

See our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013 for Forward Looking Cautionary Statements and Risk Factors.

 

Contractual Obligations

 

There have been no material changes to our Contractual Obligations as reported in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.

 

Management is not aware of any material claims, disputes or settled matters concerning third party reimbursement that would have a material effect on our financial statements.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

The Company does not have any “off-balance sheet arrangements” as such term is defined in Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K.

Critical Accounting Policies

 

The Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon Enzo Biochem, Inc. consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These estimates and judgments also affect related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.

 

On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to contractual expense, allowance for uncollectible accounts, inventory, intangible assets and income taxes. The Company bases its estimates on experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

 

Product revenues

 

Revenues from product sales are recognized when the products are shipped and title transfers, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured.

 

Royalties

 

Royalty revenues are recorded in the period earned. Royalties received in advance of being earned are recorded as deferred revenues.

 

Revenues – Clinical laboratory services

 

Revenues from Clinical Labs are recognized upon completion of the testing process for a specific patient and reported to the ordering physician. These revenues and the associated accounts receivable are based on gross amounts billed or billable for services rendered, net of a contractual adjustment, which is the difference between amounts billed to payers and the expected approved reimbursable settlements from such payers.

 

The following table represents the clinical laboratory segment’s net revenues and percentages by revenue category:

 

		Three months ended January 31, 2014								Three months ended January 31, 2013
Revenue category
Medicare		$	3,052				22	%		$	3,023				23	%
Third-party payer			6,225				45				6,217				46
Patient self-pay			3,265				24				2,906				22
HMO’s			1,306				9				1,174				9
Total		$	13,848				100	%		$	13,320				100	%

 

		Six months ended January 31, 2014								Six months ended January 31, 2013
Revenue category
Medicare		$	6,315				22	%		$	6,303				22	%
Third-party payer			13,242				46				13,366				47
Patient self-pay			6,409				22				6,327				22
HMO’s			2,741				10				2,501				9
Total		$	28,707				100	%		$	28,497				100	%

 

The Company provides services to certain patients covered by various third-party payers, including the Federal Medicare program. Laws and regulations governing Medicare are complex and subject to interpretation for which action for noncompliance includes fines, penalties and exclusion from the Medicare programs. See Note 13 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other than the Medicare program, one provider whose programs are included in the Third-party payers and Health Maintenance Organizations (“HMO’s”) categories represents approximately 24% and 22% of the Clinical Labs net revenues for the three months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and 23% and 21% for the six months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013. Another third party provider represents 8% and 10% of Clinical Labs net revenues for the three months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively and 8% and 10% for the six months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

 

Contractual Adjustment

The Company’s estimate of contractual adjustment is based on significant assumptions and judgments, such as its interpretation of payer reimbursement policies, and bears the risk of change. The estimation process is based on the experience of amounts approved as reimbursable and ultimately settled by payers, versus the corresponding gross amount billed to the respective payers. The contractual adjustment is an estimate that reduces gross revenue, based on gross billing rates, to amounts expected to be approved and reimbursed. Gross billings are based on a standard fee schedule we set for all third party payers, including Medicare, HMO’s and managed care. The Company adjusts the contractual adjustment estimate quarterly, based on its evaluation of current and historical settlement experience with payers, industry reimbursement trends, and other relevant factors.

 

The other relevant factors that affect our contractual adjustment include the monthly and quarterly review of: 1) current gross billings and receivables and reimbursement by payer, 2) current changes in third party arrangements and 3) the growth of in-network provider arrangements and managed care plans specific to our Company.

 

Our clinical laboratory business is primarily dependent upon reimbursement from third-party payers, such as Medicare (which principally serves patients 65 and older) and insurers. We are subject to variances in reimbursement rates among different third-party payers, as well as constant changes of reimbursement rates. Changes that decrease reimbursement rates or coverage would negatively impact our revenues. The number of individuals covered under managed care contracts or other similar arrangements has grown over the past several years and may continue to grow in the future. In addition, Medicare and other government healthcare programs continue to shift to managed care. These trends will continue to reduce our revenues.

 

During the three months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, the contractual adjustment percentages, determined using current and historical reimbursement statistics, were 85.6% and 85.7%, respectively, of gross billings. During the six months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, the contractual adjustment percentages, determined using current and historical reimbursement statistics, were 85.4% and 85.2% respectively. The Company believes a decline in reimbursement rates or a shift to managed care or similar arrangements may be offset by the positive impact of an increase in the number of tests we perform. However, there can be no assurance that we can increase the number of tests we perform or that if we do increase the number of tests we perform, that we can maintain that higher number of tests performed, or that an increase in the number of tests we perform would result in increased revenue.

 

The Company estimates (by using a sensitivity analysis) that each 1% point change in the contractual adjustment percentage could result in a change in clinical laboratory services revenues of approximately $2.0 million and $1.9 million for the six months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and a change in the net accounts receivable of approximately $0.5 million as of January 31, 2014.

 

Our clinical laboratory financial billing system records gross billings using a standard fee schedule for all payers and does not record contractual adjustment by payer at the time of billing. Adjustments to our standard fee schedule will impact the contractual adjustment recorded. Therefore, we are unable to quantify the effect of contractual adjustment recorded during the current period that relates to revenue recorded in a previous period. However, we can reasonably estimate our contractual adjustment to revenue on a timely basis based on our quarterly review process, which includes:

 

•

an analysis of industry reimbursement trends;

 

•

an evaluation of third-party reimbursement rates changes and changes in reimbursement arrangements with third-party payers;

 

•

a rolling monthly analysis of current and historical claim settlement and reimbursement experience statistics with payers;

 

•

an analysis of current gross billings and receivables by payer.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

 

Accounts receivable are reported at realizable value, net of allowances for doubtful accounts, which is estimated and recorded in the period of the related revenue.

 

The following is a table of the Company’s net accounts receivable by segment. The Clinical Labs segment’s net receivables are detailed by billing category and as a percent to its total net receivables. At January 31, 2014 and July 31, 2013, approximately 66% and 60%, respectively, of the Company’s net accounts receivable relates to its Clinical Labs business, which operates in the New York, New Jersey, and Eastern Pennsylvania medical communities.

 

The Life Sciences segment’s accounts receivable, of which $1.6 million or 40% and $1.7 million or 35% represents foreign receivables as of January 31, 2014 and July 31, 2013 respectively, includes royalty receivables of $0 and $1.2 million, as of January 31, 2014 and July 31, 2013, respectively, from Qiagen (Note 11).

 

Net accounts receivable

 

Billing category		As of January 31, 2014								As of July 31, 2013
Clinical Labs
Medicare		$	1,209				15	%		$	930				13	%
Third party payers			3,058				39				3,395				46
Patient self-pay			3,310				42				2,696				37
HMO’s			306				4				300				4
Total Clinical Labs			7,883				100	%			7,321				100	%
Total Life Sciences			3,972								4,967
Total accounts receivable		$	11,855							$	12,288

 

Changes in the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts are as follows:

 

		Six months ended January 31, 2014				Twelve months ended July 31, 2013
Beginning balance		$	2,707			$	3,273
Provision for doubtful accounts			1,784				4,496
Write-offs, net			(1,793	)			(5,062	)
Ending balance		$	2,698			$	2,707

 

The Company estimates its allowance for doubtful accounts in the period the related services are billed and adjusts the estimate in future accounting periods as necessary. It bases the estimate for the allowance on the evaluation of historical collection experience, the aging profile of accounts receivable, the historical doubtful account write-off percentages, payer mix, and other relevant factors.

 

The allowance for doubtful accounts primarily related to the Clinical Labs segment includes the balances, after receipt of the approved settlements from third party payers for the insufficient diagnosis information received from the ordering physician, which result in denials of payment, and the uncollectible portion of receivables from self payers, including deductibles and copayments, which are subject to credit risk and patients’ ability to pay.

 

During the six months ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company determined an allowance for doubtful accounts less than 210 days and wrote off 100% of accounts receivable over 210 days, as it assumed those accounts are uncollectible, except for certain fully reserved balances, principally related to Medicare. These accounts have not been written off because the payer’s filing date deadline has not occurred or the collection process has not been exhausted. The Company’s collection experience on Medicare receivables beyond 210 days has been insignificant. The Company adjusts the historical collection analysis for recoveries, if any, on an ongoing basis.

The Company’s ability to collect outstanding receivables from third party payers is critical to its operating performance and cash flows. The primary collection risk lies with patients initially determined to have primary insurance and patients for whom primary insurance has paid but a co-pay or deductible portion remains outstanding. The Company also assesses the current state of its billing functions in order to identify any known collection or reimbursement issues in order to assess the impact, if any, on the allowance estimates, which involves judgment.

 

The Company believes that the collectability of its receivables is directly linked to the quality of its billing processes, most notably, those related to obtaining the correct information in order to bill effectively for the services provided. Should circumstances change (e.g. shift in payer mix, decline in economic conditions or deterioration in aging of receivables), our estimates of net realizable value of receivables could be reduced by a material amount.

 

The following table indicates the Clinical Labs aged gross receivables by payer group which is prior to adjustment to gross receivables for: 1) contractual adjustment, 2) fully reserved balances not yet written off, and 3) other revenue adjustments.

 

As of January 31, 2014		Total Amount			%			Medicare Amount			%			Third Party Payers Amount			%			Self-pay Amount				%			HMO Amount			%
1-30 days		$	25,586		51	%		$	4,568		61	%		$	13,221		43	%		$	4,139			53	%		$	3,658		97	%
31-60 days			5,389		11	%			741		10	%			2,712		9	%			1,896			24	%			40		1	%
61-90 days			4,531		9	%			685		9	%			2,485		8	%			1,352			17	%			9		0	%
91-120 days			3,623		7	%			533		7	%			2,560		8	%			511			7	%			19		1	%
121-150 days			2,240		5	%			252		3	%			1,977		7	%			(1	)		0	%			12		0	%
Greater than 150 days*			8,377		17	%			749		10	%			7,670		25	%			(88	)		-1	%			46		1	%
Totals		$	49,746		100	%		$	7,528		100	%		$	30,625		100	%		$	7,809			100	%		$	3,784		100	%

 

As of July 31, 2013		Total Amount			%			Medicare Amount			%			Third Party Payers Amount			%			Self-pay Amount				%			HMO’s Amount			%
1-30 days		$	25,565		50	%		$	3,741		62	%		$	14,915		44	%		$	3,341			48	%		$	3,568		96	%
31-60 days			6,238		12	%			452		7	%			4,254		12	%			1,492			21	%			40		1	%
61-90 days			5,923		12	%			357		6	%			3,845		11	%			1,686			24	%			35		1	%
91-120 days			4,287		8	%			216		4	%			3,484		10	%			546			8	%			41		1	%
121-150 days			2,319		5	%			166		3	%			2,140		6	%			—			0	%			13		0	%
Greater than 150 days**			6,847		13	%			1,058		18	%			5,824		17	%			(73	)		-1	%			38		1	%
Totals		$	51,179		100	%		$	5,990		100	%		$	34,462		100	%		$	6,992			100	%		$	3,735		100	%

 

*	Total includes $4,357 fully reserved over 210 days as of January 31, 2014.
**	Total includes $3,775 fully reserved over 210 days as of July 31, 2013.

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. The liability method requires that any tax benefits recognized for net operating loss carry forwards and other items be reduced by a valuation allowance where it is not more likely than not the benefits will be realized in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Under the liability method, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

 

It is the Company’s policy to provide for uncertain tax positions and the related interest and penalties based upon management’s assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. To the extent the Company prevails in matters for which a liability for an unrecognized tax benefit is established or is required to pay amounts in excess of the liability, the Company’s effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be affected.

Inventory

 

The Company values inventory at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market. Work-in-process and finished goods inventories consist of material, labor, and manufacturing overhead. Write downs of inventories to market value are based on a review of inventory quantities on hand and estimated sales forecasts based on sales history and anticipated future demand. Unanticipated changes in demand could have a significant impact on the value of our inventory and require additional write downs of inventory which would impact our results of operations.

 

Goodwill

 

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. The Company tests goodwill and other indefinite lived intangibles for impairment annually as of the first day of the fourth quarter, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment utilizing a two-step process. The first step of the impairment test requires the identification of the reporting units and comparison of the fair value of each of these reporting units to their respective carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit is less than its fair value, no impairment exists and the second step is not performed. If the carrying value of the reporting unit is higher than its fair value, the second step must be performed to compute the amount of the goodwill impairment, if any. In the second step, the impairment is computed by comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess.

 

Intangible Assets

 

Intangible assets (exclusive of patents), arose primarily from acquisitions and primarily consist of customer relationships, trademarks, licenses, and website and database content. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized according to their estimated useful lives, which range from 4 to 15 years. The Company has capitalized certain legal costs directly incurred in pursuing patent applications as patent costs. When such applications result in an issued patent, the related costs are amortized over a ten year period or the life of the patent, whichever is shorter, using the straight-line method. The Company reviews its issued patents and pending patent applications, and if it determines to abandon a patent application or that an issued patent no longer has economic value, the unamortized balance in deferred patent costs relating to that patent is immediately expensed.

 

Accrual for Self-funded Medical

 

Accruals for self-funded medical insurance are determined based on a number of assumptions and factors, including historical payment trends, claims history and current estimates. These estimated liabilities are not discounted. If actual trends differ from these estimates, the financial results could be impacted.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

We are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates resulting from acquisitions with foreign locations (See Item 1A. Risk Factors and Note 5 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013) that could impact our results of operations and financial position. We do not currently engage in any hedging or market risk management tools.

 

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

 

The financial reporting of our non-U.S. subsidiaries is denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Since the functional currency of our non-U.S. subsidiaries is the local currency, foreign currency translation adjustments are accumulated as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity. Assuming a hypothetical increase of 10% in the value of the U.S. dollar versus foreign currencies at January 31, 2014, our assets and liabilities would decrease by $0.9 million and $0.1 million, respectively, and our net sales and net earnings (loss) would decrease by $1.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively, on an annual basis.

 

We also maintain intercompany balances and loans with subsidiaries in different local currencies. These amounts are at risk of foreign exchange losses if exchange rates fluctuate. Assuming a hypothetical increase of 10% in the value of the U.S. dollar versus foreign currencies, our pre-tax earnings (loss) would be unfavorably impacted by approximately $1.0 million on an annual basis.

 

Interest Rate Risk

 

We are exposed to interest rate risk with our variable rate Credit Agreement which bears interest at the three month LIBOR with a floor of 1.25% plus 4% per annum. A 3% change in the LIBOR rate would impact our interest expense by $0.1 million.

 

As of January 31, 2014, we have fixed interest rate financing on transportation and equipment leases.

 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

 

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s management conducted an evaluation (as required under Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as such term is defined under the Exchange Act), under the supervision and with the participation of the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer. Based on this evaluation, the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover failures within the Company to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in the Company’s periodic reports.

 

(b) Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

 

There was no change in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

 

There have been no other material developments with respect to previously reported legal proceedings discussed in the annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, other than as noted in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements as of January 31, 2014 and the six months then ended.

 

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

 

There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Part 1, Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2013.

 

Item 6.

Exhibits

 

Exhibit No.		Exhibit
31.1		Certification of Elazar Rabbani, Ph.D. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2		Certification of Barry Weiner pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1		Certification of Elazar Rabbani, Ph.D. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2		Certification of Barry Weiner pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101. INS*		XBRL Instance Document
101. SCH*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101. CAL*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document
101.LAB*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

 

*XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) information is being furnished and not filed for purposes of Sections 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

	ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.
	(Registrant)
Date: March 11, 2014	by:	/s/ Barry Weiner
		President, Chief Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer, Treasurer and Director