Edgar Filing: Koppers Holdings Inc.

Form 10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2014

Commission file number 1-32737

LOGO

KOPPERS HOLDINGS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Pennsylvania		20-1878963
(State of incorporation)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)

436 Seventh Avenue

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219

(Address of principal executive offices)

(412) 227-2001

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding at October 31, 2014 amounted to 20,495,011 shares.

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

KOPPERS HOLDINGS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2014			2013			2014			2013
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	(Unaudited)						(Unaudited)
Net sales	$	440.1		$	395.2		$	1,128.3		$	1,136.5
Cost of sales (excluding items below)		377.0			330.6			974.0			970.0
Depreciation and amortization		11.2			7.2			29.8			21.8
Impairment and restructuring charges		2.6			0.0			18.1			0.0
Selling, general and administrative expenses		32.0			18.3			75.3			52.2

Operating profit		17.3			39.1			31.1			92.5
Other (loss) income		(0.2	)		1.3			(0.3	)		2.8
Interest expense		11.9			6.7			25.3			20.2

Income before income taxes		5.2			33.7			5.5			75.1
Income taxes		9.5			14.1			9.1			29.3

(Loss) income from continuing operations		(4.3	)		19.6			(3.6	)		45.8
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit of $0.0, $0.1, $0.0 and $0.1		0.1			(0.1	)		0.0			(0.1	)

Net (loss) income		(4.2	)		19.5			(3.6	)		45.7
Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(1.5	)		0.4			(4.7	)		1.2

Net (loss) income attributable to Koppers	$	(2.7	)	$	19.1		$	1.1		$	44.5

(Loss) Earnings per common share attributable to Koppers common shareholders:
Basic –
Continuing operations	$	(0.14	)	$	0.93		$	0.05		$	2.16
Discontinued operations		0.00			0.00			0.00			0.00

(Loss) Earnings per basic common share	$	(0.14	)	$	0.93		$	0.05		$	2.16

Diluted –
Continuing operations	$	(0.14	)	$	0.92		$	0.05		$	2.13
Discontinued operations		0.00			0.00			0.00			0.00

(Loss) Earnings per diluted common share	$	(0.14	)	$	0.92		$	0.05		$	2.13

Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(19.9	)	$	26.6		$	(14.1	)	$	42.3
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(1.3	)		0.8			(4.9	)		1.5

Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Koppers	$	(18.6	)	$	25.8		$	(9.2	)	$	40.8

Weighted average shares outstanding (in thousands):
Basic		20,495			20,577			20,452			20,657
Diluted		20,603			20,801			20,593			20,887
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.25		$	0.25		$	0.75		$	0.75

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

KOPPERS HOLDINGS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET


	September 30, 2014			December 31, 2013
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	(Unaudited)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	75.1		$	82.2
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $6.5 and $3.6		229.5			157.9
Income tax receivable		6.4			9.0
Inventories, net		227.7			168.8
Deferred tax assets		20.2			10.0
Loan to related party		9.5			9.5
Other current assets		39.6			35.7

Total current assets		608.0			473.1
Equity in non-consolidated investments		5.7			6.6
Property, plant and equipment, net		286.8			197.0
Goodwill		238.0			72.7
Intangible assets, net		180.1			12.2
Deferred tax assets		10.3			9.3
Other assets		25.0			14.0

Total assets	$	1,353.9		$	784.9

Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	122.4		$	107.6
Accrued liabilities		102.6			82.4
Dividends payable		5.1			5.1
Current maturities of long-term debt		30.0			0.0

Total current liabilities		260.1			195.1
Long-term debt		837.5			303.1
Accrued postretirement benefits		27.7			41.6
Deferred tax liabilities		20.6			14.7
Other long-term liabilities		43.0			40.6

Total liabilities		1,188.9			595.1
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 18)
Equity
Senior Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued		0.0			0.0
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share; 40,000,000 shares authorized; 21,938,260 and 21,722,492 shares issued		0.2			0.2
Additional paid-in capital		164.5			158.9
Retained earnings		56.7			71.3
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(20.4	)		(10.2	)
Treasury stock, at cost, 1,443,248 and 1,390,494 shares		(52.4	)		(50.4	)

Total Koppers shareholders’ equity		148.6			169.8
Noncontrolling interests		16.4			20.0

Total equity		165.0			189.8

Total liabilities and equity	$	1,353.9		$	784.9

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

KOPPERS HOLDINGS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2014			2013
(Dollars in millions)	(Unaudited)
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Net (loss) income	$	(3.6	)	$	45.7
Adjustments to reconcile net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		29.8			21.8
Impairment charges		4.7			0.0
Deferred income taxes		(3.2	)		11.1
Equity loss (income), net of dividends received		0.9			(0.4	)
Gain on sale of assets		0.0			(1.9	)
Change in other liabilities		(10.9	)		(14.2	)
Non-cash interest expense		3.4			1.2
Stock-based compensation		4.6			4.7
Other		(1.5	)		0.6
(Increase) decrease in working capital:
Accounts receivable		(15.6	)		(17.9	)
Inventories		4.9			25.5
Accounts payable		(6.1	)		(8.0	)
Accrued liabilities and other working capital		3.4			(2.6	)

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		10.8			65.6
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities:
Capital expenditures		(59.0	)		(29.4	)
Acquisitions, (net of cash acquired)		(496.5	)		0.0
Net cash proceeds from divestitures and asset sales		0.1			2.4

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(555.4	)		(27.0	)
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities:
Borrowings of revolving credit		520.7			97.9
Repayments of revolving credit		(305.8	)		(97.9	)
Borrowings of long-term debt		348.9			0.0
Issuances of Common Stock		0.7			0.2
Proceeds from issuance of noncontrolling interest		1.4			2.3
Repurchases of Common Stock		(2.0	)		(17.5	)
Payment of deferred financing costs		(11.1	)		(1.2	)
Dividends paid		(15.2	)		(15.3	)

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		537.6			(31.5	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		(0.1	)		(1.4	)

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(7.1	)		5.7
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		82.2			66.7

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	75.1		$	72.4

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

KOPPERS HOLDINGS INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States applicable to interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of Koppers Holdings Inc.’s and its subsidiaries’ (“Koppers”, “Koppers Holdings” or the “Company”) financial position and interim results as of and for the periods presented have been included. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature unless disclosed otherwise. Because the Company’s business is seasonal, results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of those that may be expected for a full year. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet for December 31, 2013 has been summarized from the audited balance sheet contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.

The financial information included herein should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.

2. Dividends

On November 5, 2014, the Company’s board of directors declared a quarterly dividend of 25 cents per common share, payable on January 5, 2015 to shareholders of record as of November 17, 2014.

3. Plant Closures and Discontinued Operations

On January 22, 2014, the Company announced its decision to discontinue coal tar distillation activities at its facility located in Uithoorn, the Netherlands. The decision was made as a result of a detailed analysis of its overall European manufacturing asset footprint in light of deteriorating market conditions in Europe and a variety of other factors, including regulatory requirements for significant capital expenditures at the facility. The Company has discontinued distillation activities and expects to complete closure at the site by the end of 2015. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Company recorded closure costs of $13.1 million for severance and site demolition liabilities. In the fourth quarter of 2013, the Company recorded an asset impairment charge of $6.9 million related to the facility. The facility is part of the Carbon Materials and Chemicals segment.

In December 2011, the Company ceased manufacturing operations at its carbon black facility located in Kurnell, Australia. This decision was made as a result of deteriorating business conditions including raw material availability and cost, competition in the export markets due to the strength of the Australian dollar and a variety of other factors. The closure is expected to be completed during 2015. The facility is part of the Carbon Materials and Chemicals segment.

Details of the restructuring activities and related reserves are as follows:


	Severance and employee benefits			Environmental remediation			Site demolition			Other			Total
(Dollars in millions)
Reserve at December 31, 2012	$	0.2		$	6.7		$	6.3		$	0.1		$	13.3
Reversal of accrued charges		(0.1	)		0.0			(0.3	)		0.0			(0.4	)
Cash paid		0.0			(0.1	)		(2.0	)		(0.1	)		(2.2	)
Currency translation		0.0			(1.0	)		(0.7	)		0.0			(1.7	)

Reserve at December 31, 2013	$	0.1		$	5.6		$	3.3		$	0.0		$	9.0
Accrual		10.0			0.0			3.1			0.0			13.1
Cash paid		(9.3	)		0.0			(0.2	)		0.0			(9.5	)
Currency translation		(0.2	)		(0.1	)		(0.1	)		0.0			(0.4	)

Reserve at September 30, 2014	$	0.6		$	5.5		$	6.1		$	0.0		$	12.2

4. Business Acquisitions

Koppers Ashcroft – On January 20, 2014, the Company acquired the crosstie treating business and related manufacturing facility of Tolko Industries Ltd. located in Ashcroft, British Columbia, Canada. The purchase price was $29.8 million, subject to post-closing adjustments, and was funded primarily by available cash. The preliminary allocation of purchase price to acquired assets primarily consisted of inventory totaling $16.0 million, plant and equipment totaling $3.6 million, intangible assets consisting primarily of customer relationships totaling $7.4 million and Canadian tax deductible goodwill of $1.8 million. The goodwill is allocated to the Railroad and Utility Products and Services segment and the customer contracts will be amortized over a period of 12 years.

Osmose Entities – On August 15, 2014, pursuant to the terms and conditions of a stock purchase agreement, Koppers Inc. acquired Osmose, Inc. and Osmose Railroad Services, Inc. (together, the “Osmose Entities”) from Osmose Holdings, Inc. The aggregate cash purchase price was $494.1 million, net of estimated cash acquired of $27.2 million, and included estimated net working capital adjustments and is subject to certain post-closing adjustments, including but not limited to, final net working capital adjustments. The cash purchase price was funded by a new credit agreement with a consortium of banks which provides for a $500 million revolving credit facility and a $300 million term loan.

Subsequent to the acquisition, Osmose, Inc. was renamed Koppers Performance Chemicals Inc. and Osmose Railroad Services, Inc. was renamed Koppers Railroad Structures Inc. Koppers Performance Chemicals Inc.’s wood preservation business develops, manufactures and sells wood preservation chemicals and wood treatment technologies for infrastructure, residential and commercial construction, and agricultural markets. The wood preservation business has operations and sales in North America, South America, Europe, and Australasia. Substantially all of the businesses of Koppers Performance Chemicals Inc. are reported as a new segment, Performance Chemicals. Koppers Railroad Structures Inc. is a provider of railroad infrastructure services, including bridge inspection, engineering, maintenance and repair, and construction services for the Class I and shortline railroads in North America. Koppers Railroad Structures Inc. and one wood treating company are reported as part of the Railroad and Utility Products and Services segment.

The Osmose Entities had revenues of $391.5 million and net income from continuing operations of $19.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. Revenue from the Osmose Entities included in our results for the third quarter of 2014 totaled $53.4 million.

The Company has not completed detailed valuation analyses to determine the fair values of Osmose Entities’ assets and liabilities. Accordingly, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial information includes a preliminary fair value determination based on assumptions and estimates that, while considered reasonable under the circumstances, are subject to changes, which may be material. In addition, Koppers has not yet completed the due diligence necessary to identify all of the adjustments required to conform Osmose Entities’ accounting policies to the Company’s or to identify other items that could significantly impact the fair value determination or the assumptions and adjustments made in the preparation of this unaudited condensed consolidated financial information.

Upon completion of detailed valuation analyses, there may be additional increases or decreases to the recorded book values of the acquired assets and liabilities, including but not limited to inventories, brands, trademarks, customer relationships and other intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment that could give rise to future amounts of depreciation and amortization expense and changes in related deferred taxes that are not reflected in the information contained in this unaudited condensed consolidated information. Accordingly, once the necessary valuation analyses have been performed and the final fair value determination has been completed, actual results may differ materially from the information presented in this unaudited condensed consolidated financial information.

The following table summarizes the Company’s preliminary fair value estimates for the Osmose entities as of September 30, 2014:


(Dollars in millions)	Initial Allocation
Cash and cash equivalents	$	27.2
Accounts receivable, net		60.0
Inventories, net		51.9
Other current assets		9.5
Property, plant and equipment		59.6
Goodwill		164.8
Intangible assets		164.2
Other assets		4.0

Total assets acquired		541.2

Accounts payable		21.2
Accrued liabilities		17.4
Other liabilities		8.5

Total liabilities assumed		47.1

Net assets acquired	$	494.1

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the assets acquired and represents the estimated future economic benefits arising from the other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Goodwill of $158.0 million and $6.8 million has been allocated, on a preliminary basis, to the Performance Chemicals segment and the Railroad and Utility Products and Services segment, respectively. The Company expects that a significant portion of the goodwill recognized will be deductible for tax purposes, but this determination is dependent upon the finalization of the purchase price allocation process.

The following unaudited pro forma information presents a summary of the Company’s revenues and net income from continuing operations as if the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2013 (the first day of the most recently completed fiscal year). The unaudited pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of operating results that would have been achieved had the acquisition been completed as of January 1, 2013 and does not intend to project the future financial results of the Company after the acquisition of the Osmose Entities. The unaudited pro forma information is based on certain assumptions, which management believes are reasonable, and do not reflect the cost of any integration activities or the benefits from the acquisition and synergies that may be derived from any integration activities.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2014		2013		2014		2013
(Dollars in millions)
Revenue	$	500.1	$	498.4	$	1,392.9	$	1,433.0
Income from continuing operations attributable to Koppers		3.4		23.2		16.4		45.1

Pro forma adjustments reflected in the unaudited pro forma information are based on items that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the Osmose Entities and related financing that are factually supportable and are expected to have a continuing impact on Koppers. These adjustments include, but are not limited to, depreciation and amortization related to fair value adjustments to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, interest expense on acquisition-related debt, removal of acquisition related transaction expenses, elimination of intercompany sales and related income tax effects of the pro forma adjustments.

5. Fair Value Measurements

Carrying amounts and the related estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows:


	September 30, 2014				December 31, 2013
	Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value
(Dollars in millions)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash	$	75.1	$	75.1	$	82.2	$	82.2
Investments and other assets^(a)		1.4		1.4		1.4		1.4
Financial liabilities:
Long-term debt (including current portion)	$	883.7	$	867.5	$	331.2	$	303.1

(a)

Excludes equity method investments.

Cash and cash equivalents – The carrying amount approximates fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments.

Investments and other assets – Represents the broker-quoted cash surrender value on universal life insurance policies. This asset is classified as Level 2 in the valuation hierarchy and is measured from values received from financial institutions.

Debt – The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt is estimated based on the market prices for the same or similar issues or on the current rates offered to the Company for debt of the same remaining maturities (Level 2). The fair values of the revolving credit facility approximate carrying value due to the variable rate nature of these instruments.

6. Comprehensive Income and Equity

Total comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 is summarized in the table below:


	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2014			2013		2014			2013
(Dollars in millions)
Net (loss) income	$	(4.2	)	$	19.5	$	(3.6	)	$	45.7
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Change in currency translation adjustment		(10.6	)		5.6		(9.8	)		(0.4	)
Change in foreign currency transactions of long-term subsidiary investments		(3.8	)		0.3		(0.5	)		(6.6	)
Change in derivative financial instrument net loss, net of tax benefit of $(0.8), $0.0, $(0.8) and $0.0		(1.9	)		0.0		(1.9	)		0.0
Change in unrecognized pension net loss, net of tax expense of $0.2, $0.8, $0.7 and $2.3		0.6			1.2		1.8			3.5
Change in unrecognized prior service cost, net of tax expense of $0.0, $0.0, $0.0 and $0.0		0.0			0.0		(0.1	)		0.1

Total comprehensive (loss) income		(19.9	)		26.6		(14.1	)		42.3
Less: comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(1.3	)		0.8		(4.9	)		1.5

Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Koppers	$	(18.6	)	$	25.8	$	(9.2	)	$	40.8

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income consist of amounts shown for changes in unrecognized pension net loss, unrecognized prior service cost and unrecognized transition asset. These components of accumulated other comprehensive income are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost as disclosed in Note 13 – Pensions and Postretirement Benefit Plans.

The following tables present the change in equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively:


(Dollars in millions)	Total Koppers Shareholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2013	$	169.8		$	20.0		$	189.8
Net income (loss)		1.1			(4.7	)		(3.6	)
Issuance of common stock		0.7			0.0			0.7
Employee stock plans		4.9			0.0			4.9
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(10.3	)		(0.2	)		(10.5	)
Dividends		(15.6	)		0.0			(15.6	)
Investment in noncontrolling interests		0.0			1.3			1.3
Repurchases of common stock		(2.0	)		0.0			(2.0	)

Balance at September 30, 2014	$	148.6		$	16.4		$	165.0


(Dollars in millions)	Total Koppers Shareholders’ Equity			Noncontrolling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2012	$	150.6		$	17.5		$	168.1
Net income		44.5			1.2			45.7
Issuance of common stock		0.2			0.0			0.2
Employee stock plans		5.2			0.0			5.2
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(3.7	)		0.3			(3.4	)
Dividends		(15.9	)		0.0			(15.9	)
Investment in noncontrolling interests		0.0			2.3			2.3
Repurchases of common stock		(17.5	)		0.0			(17.5	)

Balance at September 30, 2013	$	163.4		$	21.3		$	184.7

7. Earnings per Common Share

The computation of basic earnings per common share for the periods presented is based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods. The computation of diluted earnings per common share includes the effect of non-vested nonqualified stock options and restricted stock units assuming such options and stock units were outstanding common shares at the beginning of the period. The effect of antidilutive securities is excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2014			2013			2014		2013
(Dollars in millions, except share amounts, in thousands, and per share amounts)
Net (loss) income attributable to Koppers	$	(2.7	)	$	19.1		$	1.1	$	44.5
Less: income (loss) from discontinued operations		0.1			(0.1	)		0.0		(0.1	)

(Loss) Income from continuing operations attributable to Koppers	$	(2.8	)	$	19.2		$	1.1	$	44.6

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		20,495			20,577			20,452		20,657
Effect of dilutive securities		108			224			141		230

Diluted		20,603			20,801			20,593		20,887

(Loss) earnings per common share – continuing operations:
Basic (loss) earnings per common share	$	(0.14	)	$	0.93		$	0.05	$	2.16
Diluted (loss) earnings per common share		(0.14	)		0.92			0.05		2.13

Other data:
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted earnings per common share		265			254			260		236

8. Stock-based Compensation

The amended and restated 2005 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “LTIP”) provides for the grant to eligible persons of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance awards, dividend equivalents and other stock-based awards, which are collectively referred to as the awards.

Under the LTIP, the board of directors granted restricted stock units and performance stock units to certain employee participants (collectively, the “stock units”). The restricted stock units vest on the third anniversary of the grant date or ratably over three years, assuming continued employment by the participant. Performance stock units granted in 2011 have a two-year performance objective. Performance stock units granted after 2011 have three-year performance objectives. Regardless of whether the measurement period for the applicable performance objective is two or three years, all performance stock units have a three-year period for vesting (if the applicable performance objective is obtained). The applicable performance objective is based upon a multi-year cumulative value creation calculation commencing on the first day of each grant year. The number of performance stock units granted represents the target award and participants have the ability to earn between zero and 150 percent of the target award based upon actual performance. If minimum performance criteria are not achieved, no performance stock units will vest.

Dividends declared on the Company’s common stock during the restriction period of the stock units are credited at equivalent value as additional stock units and become payable as additional common shares upon vesting. In the event of termination of employment, other than retirement, death or disability, any non-vested stock units are forfeited, including additional stock units credited from dividends. In the event of termination of employment due to retirement, death or disability, pro-rata vesting of the stock units over the service period will result for most participants. There are special vesting provisions for the stock units related to a change in control.

Restricted stock units that vest immediately or have one-year vesting periods are also issued under the LTIP to members of the board of directors in connection with annual director compensation and, from time to time, are issued to members of management in connection with employee compensation.

Compensation expense for non-vested stock units is recorded over the vesting period based on the fair value at the date of grant. The fair value of stock units is the market price of the underlying common stock on the date of grant.

The following table shows a summary of the performance stock units as of September 30, 2014:


Performance Period	Minimum Shares		Target Shares		Maximum Shares
2012 – 2014		0		87,039		130,559
2013 – 2015		0		85,207		127,811
2014 – 2016		0		102,149		153,224

The following table shows a summary of the status and activity of non-vested stock awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2014:


	Restricted Stock Units			Performance Stock Units			Total Stock Units			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Unit
Non-vested at December 31, 2013		148,836			319,984			468,820		$	40.30
Granted		95,067			108,506			203,573		$	37.90
Credited from dividends		3,813			8,425			12,238		$	38.52
Vested		(57,102	)		(132,317	)		(189,419	)	$	40.18
Forfeited		(12,695	)		(24,218	)		(36,913	)	$	39.51
Non-vested at September 30, 2014		177,919			280,380			458,299		$	39.30

Stock options to most executive officers vest and become exercisable upon the completion of a three-year service period commencing on the grant date. The stock options have a term of 10 years. In the event of termination of employment, other than retirement, death or disability, any non-vested options are forfeited for most participants. In the event of termination of employment due to retirement, death or disability, pro-rata vesting of the options over the service period will result for most participants. There are special vesting provisions for the stock options related to a change in control.

In accordance with accounting standards, compensation expense for non-vested stock options is recorded over the vesting period based on the fair value at the date of grant. The fair value of stock options on the date of grant is calculated using the Black-Scholes-Merton model and the assumptions listed below:


	February 2014 Grant			February 2013 Grant			February 2012 Grant
Grant date price per share of option award	$	37.93		$	42.76		$	38.21
Expected dividend yield per share		2.75	%		2.75	%		2.75	%
Expected life in years		6.5			6.5			6.5
Expected volatility		52.14	%		53.77	%		55.06	%
Risk-free interest rate		1.98	%		1.29	%		1.34	%
Grant date fair value per share of option awards	$	15.26		$	17.28		$	15.82

The dividend yield is based on the Company’s current and prospective dividend rate which calculates a continuous dividend yield based upon the market price of the underlying common stock. The expected life in years is based on the simplified method permitted under Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 14d.2 which calculates the average of the weighted vesting term and the contractual term of the option. This method was selected due to the lack of historical exercise data with respect to the Company. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock and the historical volatility of certain other similar public companies. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury bill rates for the expected life of the option.

The following table shows a summary of the status and activity of stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2014:


	Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price per Option		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions)
Outstanding at December 31, 2013		421,080		$	35.96
Granted		106,658		$	37.93
Exercised		(26,349	)	$	25.51
Expired		(6,019	)	$	40.15
Forfeited		(34,707	)	$	39.75
Outstanding at September 30, 2014		460,663		$	36.67		6.83	$	0.7
Exercisable at September 30, 2014		202,863		$	33.00		4.71	$	0.7

Total stock-based compensation expense recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2014		2013		2014		2013
(Dollars in millions)
Stock-based compensation expense recognized:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	1.4	$	1.9	$	4.6	$	4.7
Less related income tax benefit		0.6		0.8		1.8		1.9

	$	0.8	$	1.1	$	2.8	$	2.8

As of September 30, 2014, total future compensation expense related to non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements totaled $7.4 million and the weighted-average period over which this cost is expected to be recognized is approximately 23 months.

9. Segment Information

The Company has three reportable segments: Carbon Materials and Chemicals, Railroad and Utility Products and Services, and Performance Chemicals. The Company’s reportable segments contain business units that offer different products. The reportable segments are each managed separately because they manufacture and distribute distinct products with different

production processes. The business units have been aggregated into three reportable segments since management believes the long-term financial performance of these business units is affected by similar economic conditions.

The Company’s Carbon Materials and Chemicals segment is primarily a manufacturer of carbon pitch, naphthalene, phthalic anhydride, creosote and carbon black feedstock. Carbon pitch is a critical raw material used in the production of aluminum and for the production of steel in electric arc furnaces. Naphthalene is used for the production of phthalic anhydride and as a surfactant in the production of concrete. Phthalic anhydride is used in the production of plasticizers, polyester resins and alkyd paints. Creosote is used in the treatment of wood and carbon black feedstock is used in the production of carbon black.

The Company’s Railroad and Utility Products and Services segment sells treated and untreated wood products, manufactured products and services primarily to the railroad and public utility markets. Railroad products include procuring and treating items such as crossties, switch ties and various types of lumber used for railroad bridges and crossings and the manufacture of rail joint bars. Other rail services provided include bridge inspection, engineering, maintenance and repair, and construction services. Railroad services include bridge inspection and engineering services. Utility products include transmission and distribution poles and pilings.

The Company’s Performance Chemicals segment develops, manufactures, and markets wood preservation chemicals and wood treatment technologies and services a diverse range of end-markets including infrastructure, residential and commercial construction, and agriculture.

The Company evaluates performance and determines resource allocations based on a number of factors, the primary measure being operating profit or loss from operations. Operating profit does not include equity in earnings of affiliates, other income, interest expense or income taxes. Operating profit also excludes the operating costs of Koppers Holdings Inc., the parent company of Koppers Inc. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. Intersegment transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

The following table sets forth certain sales and operating data, net of all intersegment transactions, for the Company’s segments for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2014			2013			2014			2013
(Dollars in millions)
Revenues from external customers:
Carbon Materials and Chemicals	$	226.6		$	241.6		$	637.8		$	692.4
Railroad and Utility Products and Services		167.4			153.6			444.4			444.1
Performance Chemicals		46.1			0.0			46.1			0.0

Total	$	440.1		$	395.2		$	1,128.3		$	1,136.5

Intersegment revenues:
Carbon Materials and Chemicals	$	20.7		$	23.3		$	62.0		$	70.9
Performance Chemicals		0.8			0.0			0.8			0.0

Total	$	21.5		$	23.3		$	62.8		$	70.9

Depreciation and amortization expense^(a):
Carbon Materials and Chemicals	$	6.6		$	4.5		$	18.7		$	13.5
Railroad and Utility Products and Services		2.2			2.7			8.7			8.3
Performance Chemicals		2.4			0.0			2.4			0.0

Total	$	11.2		$	7.2		$	29.8		$	21.8

Operating profit:
Carbon Materials and Chemicals^(b)	$	5.2		$	21.8		$	0.2		$	47.4
Railroad and Utility Products and Services		17.4			17.8			41.3			46.6
Performance Chemicals		1.3			0.0			1.3			0.0
Corporate^(c)		(6.6	)		(0.5	)		(11.7	)		(1.5	)

Total	$	17.3		$	39.1		$	31.1		$	92.5

(a)

Excludes impairment charges of $4.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 for Carbon Materials and Chemicals.

(b)

Includes plant closure costs of $2.6 million and $13.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, for the Uithoorn, the Netherlands facility and impairment charges of $4.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 for the Tangshan, China facility.

(c)

Operating loss for Corporate includes general and administrative costs for Koppers Holdings Inc., the parent company of Koppers Inc., acquisition and acquisition-related integration costs.

The following table sets forth certain tangible and intangible assets allocated to each of the Company’s segments as of the dates indicated:


	September 30, 2014		December 31, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
Segment assets:
Carbon Materials and Chemicals	$	537.2	$	535.5
Railroad and Utility Products and Services		293.8		179.3
Performance Chemicals		474.3		0.0
All other		48.6		70.1

Total	$	1,353.9	$	784.9

Goodwill:
Carbon Materials and Chemicals	$	67.2	$	68.0
Railroad and Utility Products and Services		12.8		4.7
Performance Chemicals		158.0		0.0

Total	$	238.0	$	72.7

10. Income Taxes

Effective Tax Rate

The income tax provision for interim periods is based on an estimated annual effective tax rate, which requires management to make its best estimate of annual pretax income by domestic and foreign jurisdictions and other items that impact taxable income. Items that are not related to annual pretax ordinary income are recognized entirely in the interim period as discrete items.

Income taxes as a percentage of pretax income before discrete items was 94.2 percent and 46.4 percent for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Discrete items included in income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2014 consisted of a net tax benefit of $0.3 million primarily due to changes in unrecognized tax benefits. Discrete items included in income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2013 consisted of a net tax benefit of $1.6 million primarily due to tax benefits on amended tax returns for prior years and changes in unrecognized tax benefits offset by the effect of a United Kingdom corporate tax rate reduction.

The effective tax rate for the third quarter of 2014 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35.0 percent due to taxes on foreign earnings (+47.7 percent), nondeductible expenses (+11.0 percent), uncertain tax positions (+2.7 percent), and state taxes (+0.1 percent) partially offset by the domestic manufacturing deduction (-1.8 percent) and tax credits (-0.5 percent). With respect to the third quarter of 2013, the effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35.0 percent due to taxes on foreign earnings (+10.2 percent), state taxes (+1.8 percent), uncertain tax positions (+0.9 percent) and nondeductible expenses (+0.5 percent) partially offset by the domestic manufacturing deduction (-1.8 percent) and tax credits (-0.2 percent).

Income taxes as a percentage of pretax income before discrete items was 80.9 percent and 43.0 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Discrete items included in income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 were a net tax benefit of $6.0 million which was primarily related to management’s decision that a deferred tax liability for certain undistributed earnings of its European subsidiaries was no longer necessary as these earnings are permanently reinvested. Discrete items included in income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 consisted of a net tax benefit of $3.0 million primarily due to tax benefits on amended tax returns for prior years, changes in unrecognized tax benefits, and the fact that the Company is no longer subject to potential income tax examinations for certain years.

The effective tax rate for the first nine months of 2014 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35.0 percent primarily due to the taxes on foreign earnings (+38.8 percent), nondeductible expenses (+6.7 percent), uncertain tax positions (+2.0 percent), and state taxes (+0.8 percent) partially offset by the domestic manufacturing deduction (-2.0 percent) and tax credits (-0.4 percent). With respect to the first nine months of 2013, the effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35.0 percent primarily due to the taxes on foreign earnings (+6.6 percent), state taxes (+1.8 percent), uncertain tax positions (+0.8 percent) and nondeductible expenses (+0.5 percent) partially offset by the domestic manufacturing deduction (-1.7 percent).

During the year, management regularly updates estimates based on changes in various factors such as product prices, shipments, product mix, operating and administrative costs, earnings mix by taxable jurisdiction, repatriation of foreign earnings, and uncertain tax positions. To the extent that actual results vary from the estimates at the end of the third quarter, the actual tax provision recognized for 2014 could be materially different from the forecasted annual tax provision as of the end of the third quarter.

Uncertain Tax Positions

The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, individual U.S. state jurisdictions and non-U.S. jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2008.

As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate, was approximately $4.5 million and $4.5 million, respectively. Unrecognized tax benefits totaled $5.8 million and $6.1 million as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. The Company recognizes interest expense and any related penalties from uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 the Company had accrued approximately $1.4 million and $1.2 million for interest and penalties, respectively.

11. Inventories

Net inventories as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are summarized in the table below:


	September 30, 2014		December 31, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
Raw materials	$	151.1	$	105.4
Work in process		19.7		19.2
Finished goods		111.9		94.8

		282.7		219.4
Less revaluation to LIFO		55.0		50.6

Net	$	227.7	$	168.8

12. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are summarized in the table below:


	September 30, 2014		December 31, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
Land	$	19.4	$	9.1
Buildings		45.0		30.6
Machinery and equipment		676.8		608.1

		741.2		647.8
Less accumulated depreciation		454.4		450.8

Net	$	286.8	$	197.0

Impairment – Impairment charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 were $4.7 million ($2.8 million, net of non-controlling interest) and were related to the Carbon Material and Chemicals’ plant in Tangshan, China. This impairment charge was calculated using a probability-weighted discounted cash flow model.

The impairment of the Company’s 60-percent owned plant in Tangshan, China is due to the forced closure of a neighboring metallurgical coke facility. In October 2013, the Company was informed by the Tangshan Municipal People’s Government (“Tangshan Government”) of its intention to close the two coke batteries owned and operated by the Tangshan Iron and Steel

Group Co., Ltd (“TISCO”) in Tangshan, China. The Tangshan Government has ordered the closure of these coke batteries in an effort to improve the air quality in the Tangshan area. One TISCO coke battery closed in March 2014 and the Company has been informed that the remaining TISCO coke battery will cease production sometime within the next twelve to eighteen months.

The Company’s 60-percent owned subsidiary, Koppers (China) Carbon & Chemical Company Limited (“KCCC”) is located near to TISCO’s coke facility and relies on its operations for a significant portion of raw material supply, utilities and other shared services. Closure of the TISCO coke batteries directly impacts KCCC’s ability to operate its coal tar distillation plant and the Company has determined that it is unable to continue coal tar distillation activities at the site once TISCO ceases production activities at the adjacent facility. The Company is continuing to evaluate its options, which include transitioning to a new location or entering into other strategic partnerships with other unrelated coal tar distillation companies.

The closure of KCCC’s coal tar distillation facility would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, cash flow and results of operations. For the most recent year ended December 31, 2013, KCCC contributed operating profit of approximately $3.3 million after deducting profit attributable to non-controlling interests and excluding asset impairment charges. As of September 30, 2014, all fixed assets directly related to the facility have been substantially depreciated.

The Company believes it would be able to continue fulfilling current domestic Chinese customers and its export commitments with capacity at Koppers (Jiangsu) Carbon Chemical Company Limited, which commenced production in July 2014, its other 30-percent owned Chinese company and other commercial relationships in China. However, the Company’s margin on export sales may be negatively affected as a result of these actions.

13. Pensions and Postretirement Benefit Plans

The Company and its subsidiaries maintain a number of defined benefit and defined contribution plans to provide retirement benefits for employees in the U.S., as well as employees outside the U.S. These plans are maintained and contributions are made in accordance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, local statutory law or as determined by the board of directors. The defined benefit pension plans generally provide benefits based upon years of service and compensation. Pension plans are funded except for three domestic non-qualified defined benefit pension plans for certain key executives.

All qualified defined benefit pension plans for salaried employees have been closed to new participants and a number of plans, including most plans for hourly employees, have been frozen or are scheduled to be frozen in the next two years. Accordingly, these pension plans no longer accrue additional years of service or recognize future increases in compensation for benefit purposes. In addition, a number of pension plans are subject to a “soft” freeze which precludes new employees from entering the defined benefit pension plans.

The defined contribution plans generally provide retirement assets to employee participants based upon employer and employee contributions to the participant’s individual investment account. The Company also provides retiree medical insurance coverage to certain U.S. employees and a life insurance benefit to most U.S. employees. For salaried employees, the retiree medical and retiree insurance plans have been closed to new participants.

The following table provides the components of net periodic benefit cost for the pension plans and other benefit plans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2014			2013			2014			2013
(Dollars in millions)
Service cost	$	0.7		$	0.9		$	1.9		$	2.6
Interest cost		2.8			2.7			8.8			8.0
Expected return on plan assets		(3.5	)		(3.2	)		(10.5	)		(9.5	)
Amortization of prior service cost		0.0			0.0			(0.1	)		0.1
Amortization of net loss		1.0			1.9			3.0			5.7

Net periodic benefit cost	$	1.0		$	2.3		$	3.1		$	6.9

Defined contribution plan expense	$	1.3		$	1.2		$	4.5		$	4.1
Other postretirement benefit plans		0.1			0.1			0.3			0.3
Multi-employer pension plan expense		0.0			0.1			0.2			0.4

14. Debt

Debt at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 was as follows:


	Weighted Average Interest Rate			Maturity		September 30, 2014		December 31, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
Term Loan		3.64	%		2019	$	300.0	$	0.0
Revolving Credit Facility		3.64	%		2019		214.9		0.0
Construction loans		6.12	%		2018		55.7		6.6
Senior Notes		7 ⁷/₈	%		2019		296.9		296.5

Total debt							867.5		303.1
Less short term debt and current maturities of long-term debt							30.0		0.0

Long-term debt						$	837.5	$	303.1

Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan

On August 15, 2014, Koppers Inc. replaced its $350.0 million revolving credit facility with a new $500.0 senior secured revolving credit facility and a $300.0 million senior secured term loan to finance its acquisition of the Osmose Entities. Both borrowings mature on August 15, 2019. The interest rates on the new borrowings are variable and are based on LIBOR. The initial interest rate on the borrowings at August 15, 2014 was 3.25 percent. The senior secured term loan has quarterly principal repayment obligations of 2.5 percent of the original principal amount borrowed, or $7.5 million.

Borrowings under the revolving credit facility and term loan are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of the assets of Koppers Inc. and its material domestic subsidiaries. The revolving credit facility and term loan contain certain covenants for Koppers Inc. and its restricted subsidiaries that limit capital expenditures, additional indebtedness, liens, dividends, investments or acquisitions. In addition, such covenants give rise to events of default upon the failure by Koppers Inc. and its restricted subsidiaries to meet certain financial ratios.

As of September 30, 2014, the Company had $233.0 million of unused revolving credit availability for working capital purposes after restrictions from certain letter of credit commitments and other covenants. As of September 30, 2014, $52.1 million of commitments were utilized by outstanding letters of credit.

Construction Loans

On November 18, 2013, the Company’s 75-percent owned subsidiary, Koppers (Jiangsu) Carbon Chemical Company Limited (“KJCC”) entered into two committed loan facility agreements for a combined commitment of RMB 265 million or approximately $44 million. The third party bank provided facility has a commitment amount of RMB 198.8 million and the other

committed facility of RMB 66.2 million is provided by the 25-percent non-controlling shareholder in KJCC. Borrowings under the third party bank facility are secured by a letter of credit issued by a bank under the Koppers Inc. revolving credit facility. The committed facilities were used to finance the costs related to the construction of the coal tar distillation plant in Pizhou, Jiangsu province in China. The facilities are variable rate and have certain financial covenants that monitor minimum net worth and leverage. KJCC will repay the loans in six installments every six months starting in May 2016 with a final repayment on November 18, 2018, the maturity date of the loans.

Senior Notes

The Koppers Inc. 7⁷/₈ percent Senior Notes due 2019 (the “Senior Notes”) were issued on December 1, 2009 at an offering price of 98.311 percent of face value, or $294.9 million and have a principal amount at maturity of $300.0 million. The Senior Notes have an effective interest rate yield of 8¹/₈ percent per annum. The 2009 Senior Notes are our senior obligations, are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by KH and certain of our wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries, and, as of August 15, 2014, are secured equally and ratably with the obligations under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities.

Interest on the Senior Notes is payable semiannually on December 1 and June 1 each year. On or after December 1, 2014, the Company is entitled to redeem all or a portion of the Senior Notes at a redemption price of 103.938 percent of principal value, declining annually in ratable amounts until the redemption price is equivalent to the principal value on December 1, 2017.

The indenture governing the Senior Notes includes customary covenants that restrict, among other things, the ability of Koppers Inc. and its restricted subsidiaries to incur additional debt, pay dividends or make certain other restricted payments, incur liens, merge or sell all or substantially all of the assets of Koppers Inc. or its subsidiaries or enter into various transactions with affiliates.

15. Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company recognizes asset retirement obligations for the removal and disposal of residues; dismantling of certain tanks required by governmental authorities; cleaning and dismantling costs for owned rail cars; and cleaning costs for leased rail cars and barges. The following table reflects changes in the carrying values of asset retirement obligations:


	September 30, 2014			December 31, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
Balance at beginning of year	$	23.2		$	21.5
Accretion expense		1.8			1.2
Revision in estimated cash flows, net		4.3			6.7
Cash expenditures		(2.3	)		(5.6	)
Currency translation		(0.1	)		(0.6	)

Balance at end of period	$	26.9		$	23.2

16. Deferred Revenue from Extended Product Warranty Liabilities

The Company defers revenues associated with extended product warranty liabilities based on historical loss experience and sales of extended warranties on certain products. The following table reflects changes in the carrying values of deferred revenue:


	September 30, 2014			December 31, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
Balance at beginning of year	$	3.2		$	3.9
Revenue earned		(0.5	)		(0.7	)

Balance at end of period	$	2.7		$	3.2

17. Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company utilizes derivative instruments to manage exposures to risks that have been identified and measured and are capable of being controlled. The primary risks managed by the company by using derivative instruments are commodity price

risk associated with copper and foreign currency exchange risk associated with a number of currencies, principally the U.S. dollar, the Canadian dollar, the Euro and British pounds. Swap contracts on copper are used to manage the price risk associated with forecasted purchases of materials used in the Company’s manufacturing processes. The Company enters into foreign currency forward contracts to manage foreign currency risk associated with the Company’s receivable and payable balances. Generally, the Company enters into master netting arrangements with the counterparties and offsets net derivative positions with the same counterparties. Currently, the Company’s agreements do not require cash collateral.

ASC Topic 815-10, “Derivatives and Hedging,” requires companies to recognize all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the balance sheet. Derivative instruments’ fair value is determined using significant other observable inputs, or Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. In accordance with ASC Topic 815-10, the Company designates commodity swaps as cash flow hedges of forecasted purchases of commodities. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and is reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative instruments representing either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in current earnings.

As of September 30, 2014, the Company has outstanding copper swap contracts totaling 21.9 million pounds and the fair value of these swap contracts was $(3.3) million which is classified in accrued liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The amount of loss recognized in other comprehensive income totaled $1.9 million, net of tax, at September 30, 2014. The ineffective portion of the copper swap contracts totaled $0.1 million and was charged to cost of sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014. In the next twelve months the Company estimates that $1.3 million of unrealized losses, net of tax, related to commodity price hedging will be reclassified from other comprehensive income into earnings.

Forward contracts related to foreign currency are not designated as hedges and fair value changes in these contracts are immediately charged to earnings and are classified in other income in the condensed consolidated statement of income. As of September 30, 2014, the Company has outstanding foreign currency forward contracts with a net fair value totaling $(0.1) million, of which $0.3 million is classified in accrued liabilities and $0.2 million is classified in other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

18. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

The Company and its subsidiaries are involved in litigation and various proceedings relating to environmental laws and regulations and toxic tort, product liability and other matters. Certain of these matters are discussed below. The ultimate resolution of these contingencies is subject to significant uncertainty and should the Company or its subsidiaries fail to prevail in any of these legal matters or should several of these legal matters be resolved against the Company or its subsidiaries in the same reporting period, these legal matters could, individually or in the aggregate, be material to the consolidated financial statements.

Legal Proceedings

Coal Tar Pitch Cases. Koppers Inc., along with other defendants, is currently a defendant in lawsuits filed in two states in which the plaintiffs claim they suffered a variety of illnesses (including cancer) as a result of exposure to coal tar pitch sold by the defendants. There are approximately 112 plaintiffs in 60 cases pending as of September 30, 2014 as compared to 111 plaintiffs in 61 cases pending as of December 31, 2013. As of September 30, 2014, there are a total of 59 cases pending in state court in Pennsylvania, and one case pending in state court in Tennessee. Koppers Inc. has been dismissed from three cases formerly pending in state court in Arkansas.

The plaintiffs in all 60 pending cases seek to recover compensatory damages, while plaintiffs in 55 cases also seek to recover punitive damages. The plaintiffs in the 59 cases filed in Pennsylvania state court seek unspecified damages in excess of the court’s minimum jurisdictional limit. The plaintiffs in the Tennessee state court case each seek damages of $15.0 million. The other defendants in these lawsuits vary from case to case and include companies such as Beazer East, Inc., United States Steel Corporation, Honeywell International Inc., Vertellus Specialties Inc., Dow Chemical Company, UCAR Carbon Company, Inc., Exxon Mobil Corporation, SGL Carbon Corporation and Alcoa, Inc. Discovery is proceeding in these cases. No trial dates have been set in any of these cases.

The Company has not provided a reserve for these lawsuits because, at this time, the Company cannot reasonably determine the probability of a loss, and the amount of loss, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated. The timing of resolution of these cases cannot be reasonably determined. Although Koppers Inc. is vigorously defending these cases, an unfavorable resolution of these matters may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.

Gainesville. Koppers Inc. operated a utility pole treatment plant in Gainesville from December 29, 1988 until its closure in 2009. The property upon which the utility pole treatment plant was located was sold by Koppers Inc. to Beazer East, Inc. in 2010.

In November 2010, a class action complaint was filed in the Circuit Court of the Eighth Judicial Circuit located in Alachua County, Florida by residential real property owners located in a neighborhood west of and immediately adjacent to the former utility pole treatment plant in Gainesville. The complaint named Koppers Holdings Inc., Koppers Inc., Beazer East and several other parties as defendants. In a second amended complaint, plaintiffs define the putative class as consisting of all persons who are present record owners of residential real properties located in an area within a two-mile radius of the former Gainesville wood treating plant. Plaintiffs further allege that chemicals and contaminants from the Gainesville plant have contaminated real properties within the two mile geographical area, have caused property damage (diminution in value) and have placed residents and owners of the putative class properties at an elevated risk of exposure to and injury from the chemicals at issue. The second amended complaint seeks damages for diminution in property values, the establishment of a medical monitoring fund and punitive damages.

The case was removed to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida in December 2010. The district court dismissed Koppers Holdings Inc. in September 2013 on the ground that there was no personal jurisdiction. Plaintiffs’ appeal of the dismissal of Koppers Holdings Inc. was dismissed in December 2013. In May 2014, the Court entered an amended scheduling order for class certification, which sets a deadline of November 21, 2014 for completion of class factual discovery with expert witness discovery to follow. Discovery on the merits is stayed until further order of the court.

The Company has not provided a reserve for this matter because, at this time, it cannot reasonably determine the probability of a loss, and the amount of loss, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated. The timing of resolution of this case cannot be reasonably determined. Although the Company is vigorously defending this case, an unfavorable resolution of this matter may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.

Virgin Islands. Koppers Performance Chemicals Inc. (“KPC”) is currently a defendant in a putative class action lawsuit filed in the United States District Court of the Virgin Islands. The plaintiffs claim, on behalf of themselves and others similarly situated, that KPC’s wood preservative products and formulas are defective, and the complaint alleges the following causes of action: breach of contract, negligence, strict liability, fraud and violation of Virgin Islands Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices statute. The putative class is defined as all users (residential or commercial) of wood products treated with KPC wood preserving products in the United States who purchased such wood products from January 1, 2004 to the present. Alternatively, plaintiffs allege that the putative class should be all persons and entities that have owned or acquired buildings or other structures physically located in the U.S. Virgin Islands that contain wood products treated with KPC wood preserving products from January 1, 2004 to the present. The complaint alleges plaintiffs are entitled to unspecified “economic and compensatory damages”, punitive damages, costs and disgorgement of profits. The complaint further requests a declaratory judgment and injunction to establish an inspection and disposal program for class members’ structures. The lawsuit was filed on July 16, 2014, and KPC has filed a motion to dismiss. Plaintiffs have not yet responded to KPC’s motion to dismiss. The Company has not provided a reserve for this matter because, at this time, it cannot reasonably determine the probability of a loss, and the amount of loss, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated. The timing of resolution of this case cannot be reasonably determined.

Other Matters. In July 2012, Koppers Netherlands B.V.’s (“Koppers Netherlands”) coal tar distillation plant suffered a series of electrical disruptions which significantly affected plant operations and prevented the resumption of plant operations for a period of approximately three weeks. As a result of the suspension of operations, the coal tar distillation plant was unable to provide steam and other services to an adjacent unaffiliated plant. This unaffiliated plant and Koppers Netherlands’ plant share certain services and plant infrastructure under a cost sharing agreement. In September 2012, Koppers Netherlands received a business interruption claim from the owner of the unaffiliated plant that included an initial claim for lost profits of approximately $1.7 million. In July 2013 the owner of the unaffiliated plant filed a request for arbitration with the Netherlands Arbitration Institute seeking damages for the business interruption claim plus interest, costs and legal fees. In its statement of claim to the arbitration board, the owner of the unaffiliated facility has claimed damages of at least $3.1 million for these costs. The arbitration hearing was held in June 2014 and a decision is not expected until late 2014 or 2015.

The Company has not provided a reserve for the claimed lost profits because, at this time, it cannot reasonably determine the probability of such loss, and the amount of such loss, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated. The Company does not currently believe that resolution of this matter will involve a loss contingency that would be material to the financial statements.

Environmental and Other Litigation Matters

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations and potential liabilities relating to the protection of the environment and human health and safety including, among other things, the cleanup of contaminated sites, the treatment, storage and disposal of wastes, the discharge of effluent into waterways, the emission of substances into the air and various health and safety matters. The Company’s subsidiaries expect to incur substantial costs for ongoing compliance with such laws and regulations. The Company’s subsidiaries may also face governmental or third-party claims, or otherwise incur costs, relating to cleanup of, or for injuries resulting from, contamination at sites associated with past and present operations. The Company accrues for environmental liabilities when a determination can be made that a liability is probable and reasonably estimable.

Environmental and Other Liabilities Retained or Assumed by Others. The Company’s subsidiaries have agreements with former owners of certain of their operating locations under which the former owners retained, assumed and/or agreed to indemnify such subsidiaries against certain environmental and other liabilities. The most significant of these agreements was entered into at Koppers Inc.’s formation on December 29, 1988 (the “Acquisition”). Under the related asset purchase agreement between Koppers Inc. and Beazer East, subject to certain limitations, Beazer East retained the responsibility for and agreed to indemnify Koppers Inc. against certain liabilities, damages, losses and costs, including, with certain limited exceptions, liabilities under and costs to comply with environmental laws to the extent attributable to acts or omissions occurring prior to the Acquisition and liabilities related to products sold by Beazer East prior to the Acquisition (the “Indemnity”). Beazer Limited, the parent company of Beazer East, unconditionally guaranteed Beazer East’s performance of the Indemnity pursuant to a guarantee (the “Guarantee”). In 1998, the parent company of Beazer East purchased an insurance policy under which the funding and risk of certain environmental and other liabilities relating to the former Koppers Company, Inc. operations of Beazer East (which includes locations purchased from Beazer East by Koppers Inc.) are underwritten by Centre Solutions (a member of the Zurich Group) and Swiss Re. Beazer East is a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of Heidelberg Cement AG.

The Indemnity provides different mechanisms, subject to certain limitations, by which Beazer East is obligated to indemnify Koppers Inc. with regard to certain environmental, product and other liabilities and imposes certain conditions on Koppers Inc. before receiving such indemnification, including, in some cases, certain limitations regarding the time period as to which claims for indemnification can be brought. In July 2004, Koppers Inc. and Beazer East agreed to amend the environmental indemnification provisions of the December 29, 1988 asset purchase agreement to extend the indemnification period for pre-closing environmental liabilities through July 2019. As consideration for the amendment, Koppers Inc. paid Beazer East a total of $7.0 million and agreed to share toxic tort litigation defense costs arising from any sites acquired from Beazer East. The July 2004 amendment did not change the provisions of the Indemnity with respect to indemnification for non-environmental claims, such as product liability claims, which claims may continue to be asserted after July 2019.

Qualified expenditures under the Indemnity are not subject to a monetary limit. Qualified expenditures under the Indemnity include (i) environmental cleanup liabilities required by third parties, such as investigation, remediation and closure costs, relating to pre-December 29, 1988 or (“Pre-Closing”) acts or omissions of Beazer East or its predecessors; (ii) environmental claims by third parties for personal injuries, property damages and natural resources damages relating to Pre-Closing acts or omissions of Beazer East or its predecessors; (iii) punitive damages for the acts or omissions of Beazer East and its predecessors without regard to the date of the alleged conduct and (iv) product liability claims for products sold by Beazer East or its predecessors without regard to the date of the alleged conduct. If the third party claims described in sections (i) and (ii) above are not made by July 2019, Beazer East will not be required to pay the costs arising from such claims under the Indemnity. However, with respect to any such claims which are made by July 2019, Beazer East will continue to be responsible for such claims under the Indemnity beyond July 2019. The Indemnity provides for the resolution of issues between Koppers Inc. and Beazer East by an arbitrator on an expedited basis upon the request of either party. The arbitrator could be asked, among other things, to make a determination regarding the allocation of environmental responsibilities between Koppers Inc. and Beazer East. Arbitration decisions under the Indemnity are final and binding on the parties.

Contamination has been identified at most manufacturing and other sites of the Company’s subsidiaries. Currently, at the properties acquired from Beazer East (which include all but two of the sites permitted under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”)), a significant portion of all investigative, cleanup and closure activities are being conducted and paid for by Beazer East pursuant to the terms of the Indemnity. In addition, other of Koppers Inc.’s sites are or have been operated under RCRA and various other environmental permits, and remedial and closure activities are being conducted at some of these sites.

To date, the parties that retained, assumed and/or agreed to indemnify the Company against the liabilities referred to above, including Beazer East, have performed their obligations in all material respects. The Company believes that, for the last three years ended December 31, 2013, amounts paid by Beazer East as a result of its environmental remediation obligations under the Indemnity have averaged in total approximately $15 million per year. Periodically, issues have arisen between Koppers Inc. and Beazer East and/or other indemnitors that have been resolved without arbitration. Koppers Inc. and Beazer East engage in discussions from time to time that involve, among other things, the allocation of environmental costs related to certain operating and closed facilities.

If for any reason (including disputed coverage or financial incapability) one or more of such parties fail to perform their obligations and the Company or its subsidiaries are held liable for or otherwise required to pay all or part of such liabilities without reimbursement, the imposition of such liabilities on the Company or its subsidiaries could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. Furthermore, the Company could be required to record a contingent liability on its balance sheet with respect to such matters, which could result in a negative impact to the Company’s business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.

Domestic Environmental Matters. Koppers Inc. has been named as one of the potentially responsible parties (“PRPs”) at the Portland Harbor CERCLA site located on the Willamette River in Oregon. Koppers Inc. currently maintains a coal tar pitch terminal near the site. Koppers Inc. has responded to an Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) information request and has executed a PRP agreement which outlines the process to develop an allocation of past and future costs among more than 80 parties to the site. Koppers Inc. believes it is a de minimus contributor at the site. Additionally, a separate natural resources damages assessment (“NRDA”) is being conducted by a local trustee group. The NRDA is intended to identify further information necessary to estimate liabilities for remediation based settlements of national resource damages (“NRD”) claims. Koppers Inc. may also incur liabilities under the NRD process and has entered into a separate process to develop an allocation of NRDA cost.

In March 2012, a draft Feasibility Study (“FS”) was submitted to EPA by the Lower Willamette Group, a group of certain PRPs which has been conducting the investigation of the site. The draft FS identifies ten possible remedial alternatives which range in cost from approximately $170 million to $1.8 billion. The FS does not determine who is responsible for remediation costs or select remedies. The FS is under review by the EPA which will issue a final decision on the nature and extent of the final remediation. Responsibility for implementing and funding that work will be decided in the separate allocation process.

In September 2009, Koppers Inc. received a general notice letter notifying it that it may be a PRP at the Newark Bay CERCLA site. In January 2010, Koppers Inc. submitted a response to the general notice letter asserting that Koppers Inc. is a de minimus party at this site.

Other than the estimated costs of participating in the PRP group at the Portland Harbor and Newark Bay CERCLA sites totaling $0.8 million at September 30, 2014, the Company has not provided a reserve for these matters because there has not been a determination of the total cost of the investigations, the remediation that will be required, the amount of natural resources damages or how those costs will be allocated among the PRPs. Accordingly, the Company believes that it cannot reasonably determine the probability of a loss, and the amount of loss, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated. An unfavorable resolution of these matters may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.

Australian Environmental Matters. Soil and groundwater contamination has been detected at certain of the Company’s Australian facilities. At the Company’s tar distillation facility in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, soil contamination from an abandoned underground coal tar pipeline and other groundwater contamination have been detected at a property adjacent to the facility. In 2011, the Company and the owner of the adjacent property reached an agreement in which the Company will contribute $1.6 million and the owner of the adjacent property will contribute $7.5 million toward remediation of the property. The agreement provides that the Company will assume responsibility for the management of the remediation effort and will indemnify the current owner for any remediation costs in excess of its agreed contribution. At the completion of the remediation, the agreement provides that the property will be transferred to the Company. The remediation project commenced in 2011 and the Company has reserved its expected remaining remediation costs of $1.9 million and has recorded a receivable, net of cash collections, from the owner of the adjacent property of $1.8 million as of September 30, 2014.

In December 2011, the Company ceased manufacturing operations at its Continental Carbon facility located in Kurnell, Australia. The Company has accrued its expected cost of site remediation resulting from the closure of $5.5 million as of September 30, 2014.

Environmental Reserves Rollforward. The following table reflects changes in the accrued liability for environmental matters, of which $6.7 million and $8.2 million are classified as current liabilities at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively:


	Period ended
	September 30, 2014			December 31, 2013
(Dollars in millions)
Balance at beginning of year	$	11.9		$	14.1
Expense		0.4			1.8
Reversal of reserves		(0.2	)		(1.2	)
Cash expenditures		(2.6	)		(0.9	)
Acquisition		0.8			0.0
Currency translation		0.0			(1.9	)

Balance at end of period	$	10.3		$	11.9

19. Subsidiary Guarantor Information for Koppers Inc. Senior Notes

On December 1, 2009, Koppers Inc. issued $300.0 million principal value of Senior Notes. Koppers Holdings and each of Koppers Inc.’s 100 percent-owned material domestic subsidiaries other than Koppers Assurance, Inc. fully and unconditionally guarantee the payment of principal and interest on the Senior Notes. The domestic guarantor subsidiaries include Koppers World-Wide Ventures Corporation, Koppers Delaware, Inc., Koppers Concrete Products, Inc., Concrete Partners, Inc., Koppers Performance Chemicals Inc., Koppers Railroad Structures Inc., Osmose NZ, LLC, Osmose-Nevada Limited Liability Company, Wood Protection LP, Wood Protection Management LLC and Koppers Asia LLC. Non-guarantor subsidiaries are owned directly or indirectly by Koppers Inc. or are owned directly or indirectly by Koppers World-Wide Ventures Corporation.

The guarantee of a guarantor subsidiary will be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged in the event of:

any sale of the capital stock or substantially all of the assets of the guarantor subsidiary;

the designation of the guarantor subsidiary as an unrestricted subsidiary in accordance with the indenture governing the Senior Notes; and

the legal defeasance, covenant defeasance or satisfaction and discharge of the indenture governing the Senior Notes.

Koppers Holdings depends on the dividends from the earnings of Koppers Inc. and its subsidiaries to generate the funds necessary to meet its financial obligations, including the payment of any declared dividend of Koppers Holdings. Koppers Inc.’s credit agreement prohibits it from making dividend payments to Koppers Holdings Inc. unless (1) such dividend payments are permitted by the indenture governing Koppers Inc.’s Senior Notes and (2) no event of default or potential default has occurred or is continuing under the credit agreement. The indenture governing Koppers Inc.’s Senior Notes restricts its ability to finance Koppers Holdings Inc.’s payment of dividends if (1) a default has occurred or would result from such financing, (2) a restricted subsidiary of Koppers Inc. which is not a guarantor under the indenture is not able to incur additional indebtedness (as defined in the indenture), and (3) the sum of all restricted payments (as defined in the indenture) have exceeded the permitted amount (referred to as the “basket”) at such point in time.

The Koppers Inc. revolving credit facility agreement provides for a revolving credit facility of up to $500.0 million at variable rates. Borrowings under the revolving credit facility are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of the assets of Koppers Inc. and its material domestic subsidiaries. The revolving credit facility contains certain covenants for Koppers Inc. and its restricted subsidiaries that limit capital expenditures, additional indebtedness, liens, dividends, investments or acquisitions. In addition, such covenants give rise to events of default upon the failure by Koppers Inc. and its restricted subsidiaries to meet certain financial ratios.

The amount of restricted net assets unavailable for distribution to Koppers Holdings Inc. by Koppers Inc. totals $75 million as of September 30, 2014. Cash dividends paid to Koppers Holdings Inc. by its subsidiaries totaled $17.8 million and $33.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Separate condensed consolidating financial statement information for Koppers Holdings Inc. (the parent), Koppers Inc., domestic guarantor subsidiaries and non-guarantor subsidiaries as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 is as follows. The condensed consolidating statement of

comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 has been restated to revise the presentation of net income and related investments in subsidiaries under the equity method of accounting. This restatement changed the previously reported amounts for equity income, other income, interest expense, net income attributable to Koppers, comprehensive income attributable to Koppers and other related subtotals in the following columns: Parent, Koppers Inc., Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries and Consolidating Adjustments. There was no change to amounts previously reported for the Consolidated totals.

The condensed consolidating statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 has been restated to revise the presentation of intercompany dividends and intercompany lending agreements. This restatement changed the previously reported amounts for cash provided by or used in operating activities, investing activities and financing activities in the following columns: Koppers Inc., Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries, Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and Consolidating Adjustments. There was no change to amounts previously reported for the Parent or Consolidated columns except for rounding differences. There was no impact on the net increase or decrease in cash for any column.

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2014


	Parent			Koppers Inc.			Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
(Dollars in millions)
Net sales	$	0.0		$	220.5		$	53.3		$	189.6		$	(23.3	)	$	440.1
Cost of sales including depreciation and amortization		0.0			194.8			43.1			175.8			(22.9	)		390.8
Selling, general and administrative		0.3			16.8			5.1			9.8			0.0			32.0

Operating profit (loss)		(0.3	)		8.9			5.1			4.0			(0.4	)		17.3
Other income (expense)		0.0			0.0			1.3			(0.3	)		(1.2	)		(0.2	)
Equity income of subsidiaries		(2.6	)		6.5			0.3			0.0			(4.2	)		0.0
Interest expense (income)		0.0			11.4			0.0			1.7			(1.2	)		11.9
Income taxes		(0.2	)		6.6			0.2			2.9			0.0			9.5

Income from continuing operations		(2.7	)		(2.6	)		6.5			(0.9	)		(4.6	)		(4.3	)
Discontinued operations		0.0			0.0			0.0			0.1			0.0			0.1
Noncontrolling interests		0.0			0.0			0.0			(1.5	)		0.0			(1.5	)

Net income attributable to Koppers	$	(2.7	)	$	(2.6	)	$	6.5		$	0.7		$	(4.6	)	$	(2.7	)

Comprehensive income attributable to Koppers	$	(18.6	)	$	(18.4	)	$	(10.1	)	$	(9.6	)	$	38.1		$	(18.6	)

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2013


	Parent			Koppers Inc.		Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
(Dollars in millions)
Net sales	$	0.0		$	230.1	$	11.9	$	164.0		$	(10.8	)	$	395.2
Cost of sales including depreciation and amortization		0.0			197.5		7.2		144.0			(10.9	)		337.8
Selling, general and administrative		0.5			10.8		0.1		6.9			0.0			18.3

Operating profit (loss)		(0.5	)		21.8		4.6		13.1			0.1			39.1
Other income (expense)		0.0			0.4		1.0		0.8			(0.9	)		1.3
Equity income of subsidiaries		19.4			14.2		8.2		0.0			(41.8	)		0.0
Interest expense (income)		0.0			6.8		0.0		0.8			(0.9	)		6.7
Income taxes		(0.2	)		10.2		0.0		4.1			0.0			14.1

Income from continuing operations		19.1			19.4		13.8		9.0			(41.7	)		19.6
Discontinued operations		0.0			0.0		0.0		(0.1	)		0.0			(0.1	)
Noncontrolling interests		0.0			0.0		0.0		0.4			0.0			0.4

Net income attributable to Koppers	$	19.1		$	19.4	$	13.8	$	8.5		$	(41.7	)	$	19.1

Comprehensive income attributable to Koppers	$	25.8		$	26.0	$	19.3	$	5.3		$	(50.6	)	$	25.8

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014


	Parent			Koppers Inc.			Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
(Dollars in millions)
Net sales	$	0.0		$	600.5		$	71.2		$	501.0		$	(44.4	)	$	1,128.3
Cost of sales including depreciation and amortization		0.0			539.7			52.3			474.1			(44.2	)		1,021.9
Selling, general and administrative		1.3			44.6			5.7			23.7			0.0			75.3

Operating profit (loss)		(1.3	)		16.2			13.2			3.2			(0.2	)		31.1
Other income (expense)		0.0			0.1			3.1			(0.2	)		(3.3	)		(0.3	)
Equity income of subsidiaries		1.9			16.1			(6.7	)		0.0			(11.3	)		0.0
Interest expense (income)		0.0			24.7			0.0			3.9			(3.3	)		25.3
Income taxes		(0.5	)		5.8			(5.7	)		9.5			0.0			9.1

Income from continuing operations		1.1			1.9			15.3			(10.4	)		(11.5	)		(3.6	)
Discontinued operations		0.0			0.0			0.0			(0.0	)		0.0			0.0
Noncontrolling interests		0.0			0.0			0.0			(4.7	)		0.0			(4.7	)

Net income attributable to Koppers	$	1.1		$	1.9		$	15.3		$	(5.7	)	$	(11.5	)	$	1.1

Comprehensive income attributable to Koppers	$	(9.2	)	$	(8.3	)	$	3.5		$	(14.7	)	$	19.5		$	(9.2	)

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013


	Parent			Koppers Inc.		Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
(Dollars in millions)
Net sales	$	0.0		$	660.3	$	48.5	$	470.0		$	(42.3	)	$	1,136.5
Cost of sales including depreciation and amortization		0.0			580.6		34.3		419.3			(42.4	)		991.8
Selling, general and administrative		1.5			29.7		0.7		20.3			0.0			52.2

Operating profit (loss)		(1.5	)		50.0		13.5		30.4			0.1			92.5
Other income (expense)		0.0			1.3		3.1		1.5			(3.1	)		2.8
Equity income of subsidiaries		45.4			35.7		18.3		0.0			(99.4	)		0.0
Interest expense (income)		0.0			20.3		0.0		3.0			(3.1	)		20.2
Income taxes		(0.6	)		21.3		0.2		8.4			0.0			29.3

Income from continuing operations		44.5			45.4		34.7		20.5			(99.3	)		45.8
Discontinued operations		0.0			0.0		0.0		(0.1	)		0.0			(0.1	)
Noncontrolling interests		0.0			0.0		0.0		1.2			0.0			1.2

Net income attributable to Koppers	$	44.5		$	45.4	$	34.7	$	19.2		$	(99.3	)	$	44.5

Comprehensive income attributable to Koppers	$	40.8		$	41.6	$	27.7	$	(0.4	)	$	(68.9	)	$	40.8

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet

September 30, 2014


	Parent		Koppers Inc.		Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
(Dollars in millions)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	0.0	$	0.2	$	1.8	$	73.1	$	0.0		$	75.1
Receivables, net		0.0		91.3		35.8		108.8		0.0			235.9
Affiliated receivables		0.1		4.1		8.3		10.4		(22.9	)		0.0
Inventories, net		0.0		87.8		31.5		108.8		(0.4	)		227.7
Deferred tax assets		0.0		7.9		10.9		1.4		0.0			20.2
Other current assets		0.0		5.5		1.5		42.1		0.0			49.1

Total current assets		0.1		196.8		89.8		344.6		(23.3	)		608.0
Equity investments		153.3		832.1		247.9		3.8		(1,231.4	)		5.7
Property, plant and equipment, net		0.0		111.9		51.9		123.0		0.0			286.8
Goodwill		0.0		39.8		162.7		35.5		0.0			238.0
Intangible assets, net		0.0		2.4		162.7		15.0		0.0			180.1
Deferred tax assets		0.0		0.5		1.1		8.7		0.0			10.3
Affiliated loan receivables		0.0		32.6		155.9		41.5		(230.0	)		0.0
Other noncurrent assets		0.0		19.4		3.7		1.9		0.0			25.0

Total assets	$	153.4	$	1,235.5	$	875.7	$	574.0	$	(1,484.7	)	$	1,353.9

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Accounts payable	$	0.1	$	52.2	$	8.3	$	61.8	$	0.0		$	122.4
Affiliated payables		0.0		14.0		6.3		8.4		(28.7	)		0.0
Accrued liabilities		4.7		33.8		19.9		49.3		0.0			107.7
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt		0.0		30.0		0.0		0.0		0.0			30.0

Total current liabilities		4.8		130.0		34.5		119.5		(28.7	)		260.1
Long-term debt		0.0		781.8		0.0		55.7		0.0			837.5
Affiliated debt		0.0		121.0		32.6		76.4		(230.0	)		0.0
Other long-term liabilities		0.0		55.2		10.8		25.3		0.0			91.3

Total liabilities		4.8		1,088.0		77.9		276.9		(258.7	)		1,188.9
Koppers shareholders’ equity		148.6		147.5		797.8		280.7		(1,226.0	)		148.6
Noncontrolling interests		0.0		0.0		0.0		16.4		0.0			16.4

Total liabilities and equity	$	153.4	$	1,235.5	$	875.7	$	574.0	$	(1,484.7	)	$	1,353.9

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet

December 31, 2013


	Parent		Koppers Inc.		Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
(Dollars in millions)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	0.0	$	29.9	$	0.1		$	52.2	$	0.0		$	82.2
Receivables, net		0.0		75.6		9.3			82.0		0.0			166.9
Affiliated receivables		0.2		1.1		3.9			2.3		(7.5	)		0.0
Inventories, net		0.0		86.1		0.0			82.9		(0.2	)		168.8
Deferred tax assets		0.0		7.9		1.5			0.6		0.0			10.0
Other current assets		0.0		7.3		0.6			37.3		0.0			45.2

Total current assets		0.2		207.9		15.4			257.3		(7.7	)		473.1
Equity investments		174.7		333.5		182.9			4.6		(689.1	)		6.6
Property, plant and equipment, net		0.0		112.2		0.0			84.8		0.0			197.0
Goodwill		0.0		39.8		0.0			32.9		0.0			72.7
Intangible assets, net		0.0		3.3		0.0			8.9		0.0			12.2
Deferred tax assets		0.0		2.4		(1.4	)		8.3		0.0			9.3
Affiliated loan receivables		0.0		8.5		123.8			40.9		(173.2	)		0.0
Other noncurrent assets		0.0		11.7		0.0			2.3		0.0			14.0

Total assets	$	174.9	$	719.3	$	320.7		$	440.0	$	(870.0	)	$	784.9

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Accounts payable	$	0.0	$	48.3	$	6.7		$	52.6	$	0.0		$	107.6
Affiliated payables		0.0		1.9		4.0			8.6		(14.5	)		0.0
Accrued liabilities		5.1		27.8		0.5			54.1		0.0			87.5

Total current liabilities		5.1		78.0		11.2			115.3		(14.5	)		195.1
Long-term debt		0.0		296.5		0.0			6.6		0.0			303.1
Affiliated debt		0.0		109.5		8.5			55.2		(173.2	)		0.0
Other long-term liabilities		0.0		67.6		2.5			26.8		0.0			96.9

Total liabilities		5.1		551.6		22.2			203.9		(187.7	)		595.1
Koppers shareholders’ equity		169.8		167.7		298.5			216.1		(682.3	)		169.8
Noncontrolling interests		0.0		0.0		0.0			20.0		0.0			20.0

Total liabilities and equity	$	174.9	$	719.3	$	320.7		$	440.0	$	(870.0	)	$	784.9

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014


	Parent			Koppers Inc.			Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
(Dollars in millions)
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	16.5		$	(0.9	)	$	26.4		$	(4.5	)	$	(26.7	)	$	10.8
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities:
Capital expenditures and acquisitions		0.0			(508.0	)		(15.1	)		(47.2	)		14.8			(555.5	)
(Loans to) repayments from affiliates		0.0			(24.4	)		(33.9	)		(0.5	)		58.8			0.0
Net cash proceeds (payments) from divestitures and asset sales		0.0			0.1			0.0			0.0			0.0			0.1

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		0.0			(532.3	)		(49.0	)		(47.7	)		73.6			(555.4	)
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities:
Borrowings (repayments) of long-term debt		0.0			514.9			0.0			48.9			0.0			563.8
Borrowings (repayments) of affiliated debt		0.0			17.5			24.3			17.0			(58.8	)		0.0
Deferred financing costs		0.0			(11.1	)		0.0			0.0			0.0			(11.1	)
Other financing activities		0.0			0.0			0.0			1.4			0.0			1.4
Dividends paid		(15.2	)		(17.8	)		0.0			(8.9	)		26.7			(15.2	)
Stock issued (repurchased)		(1.3	)		0.0			0.0			14.8			(14.8	)		(1.3	)

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(16.5	)		503.5			24.3			73.2			(46.9	)		537.6
Effect of exchange rates on cash		0.0			0.0			0.0			(0.1	)		0.0			(0.1	)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		0.0			(29.7	)		1.7			20.9			0.0			(7.1	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		0.0			29.9			0.1			52.2			0.0			82.2

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	0.0		$	0.2		$	1.8		$	73.1		$	0.0		$	75.1

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013


	Parent			Koppers Inc.			Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
(Dollars in millions)
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	32.6		$	43.7		$	2.5		$	23.1		$	(36.3	)	$	65.6
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities:
Capital expenditures and acquisitions		0.0			(13.3	)		0.0			(16.1	)		0.0			(29.4	)
(Loans to) repayments from affiliates		0.0			(3.0	)		(5.5	)		(3.2	)		11.7			0.0
Net cash proceeds (payments) from divestitures and asset sales		0.0			1.4			0.0			1.0			0.0			2.4

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		0.0			(14.9	)		(5.5	)		(18.3	)		11.7			(27.0	)
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities:
Borrowings (repayments) of affiliated debt		0.0			8.7			3.0			0.0			(11.7	)		0.0
Deferred financing costs		0.0			(1.2	)		0.0			0.0			0.0			(1.2	)
Other financing activities		0.0			0.0			0.0			2.3			0.0			2.3
Dividends paid		(15.3	)		(33.2	)		0.0			(3.1	)		36.3			(15.3	)
Stock issued (repurchased)		(17.3	)		0.0			0.0			0.0			0.0			(17.3	)

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(32.6	)		(25.7	)		3.0			(0.8	)		24.6			(31.5	)
Effect of exchange rates on cash		0.0			0.1			0.0			(1.5	)		0.0			(1.4	)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		0.0			3.2			0.0			2.5			0.0			5.7
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		0.0			4.8			0.0			61.9			0.0			66.7

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	0.0		$	8.0		$	0.0		$	64.4		$	0.0		$	72.4

20. Subsidiary Guarantor Information for Shelf Registration

Under a registration statement on Form S-3, Koppers Holdings may sell a combination of securities, including common stock, debt securities, preferred stock, depository shares, warrants and units, from time to time in one or more offerings. In addition, Koppers Inc. may sell debt securities from time to time under the registration statement. Debt securities may be fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a joint and several basis, by Koppers Holdings, Koppers Inc. and/or other guarantor subsidiaries which will correspond to certain subsidiaries in the United States, Europe and Australia which are 100 percent owned by either Koppers Holdings or Koppers Inc. The non-guarantor subsidiaries consist of certain subsidiaries in the United States, China, India and Mauritius. Non-guarantor subsidiaries are owned directly by Koppers Inc. or are owned directly or indirectly by foreign guarantor subsidiaries. The guarantor subsidiaries that issue guarantees, if any, will be determined when a debt offering actually occurs under the registration statement and accordingly, the condensed consolidating financial information for subsidiary guarantors will be revised to identify the subsidiaries that actually provided guarantees. These guarantees will be governed pursuant to a supplemental indenture which the trustee and the issuing company would enter into concurrent with the debt offering.

Separate condensed consolidating financial statement information for the parent, Koppers Inc., domestic guarantor subsidiaries, foreign guarantor subsidiaries and non-guarantor subsidiaries as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 is as follows. The condensed consolidating statement of comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 has been restated to revise the presentation of net income and related investments in subsidiaries under the equity method of accounting. This restatement changed the previously reported amounts for equity income, other income, interest expense, net income attributable to Koppers, comprehensive income attributable to Koppers and other related subtotals in the following columns: Koppers Inc., Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries, Foreign Guarantor Subsidiaries and Consolidating Adjustments. There was no change to amounts previously reported for the Consolidated totals.

The condensed consolidating statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 has been restated to revise the presentation of intercompany dividends and intercompany lending agreements. This restatement changed the previously reported amounts for cash provided by or used in operating activities, investing activities and financing activities in the following columns: Koppers Inc., Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries, Foreign Guarantor Subsidiaries, Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and Consolidating Adjustments. There was no change to amounts previously reported for the Parent or Consolidated columns except for rounding differences. There was no impact on the net increase or decrease in cash for any column.

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2014


	Parent			Koppers Inc.			Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries			Foreign Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
(Dollars in millions)
Net sales	$	0.0		$	220.5		$	17.1		$	103.0		$	121.7		$	(22.2	)	$	440.1
Cost of sales including depreciation and amortization		0.0			194.8			13.6			91.0			113.4			(22.0	)		390.8
Selling, general and administrative		0.3			16.8			0.2			5.2			9.5			0.0			32.0

Operating profit (loss)		(0.3	)		8.9			3.3			6.8			(1.2	)		(0.2	)		17.3
Other income (expense)		0.0			0.0			1.2			0.0			(0.3	)		(1.1	)		(0.2	)
Equity income of subsidiaries		(2.6	)		6.5			(0.4	)		(4.1	)		(0.1	)		0.7			0.0
Interest expense (income)		0.0			11.4			0.0			1.0			0.6			(1.1	)		11.9
Income taxes		(0.2	)		6.6			0.2			2.5			0.4			0.0			9.5

Income from continuing operations		(2.7	)		(2.6	)		3.9			(0.8	)		(2.6	)		0.5			(4.3	)
Discontinued operations		0.0			0.0			0.0			0.0			0.1			0.0			0.1
Noncontrolling interests		0.0			0.0			0.0			0.0			(1.5	)		0.0			(1.5	)

Net income attributable to Koppers	$	(2.7	)	$	(2.6	)	$	3.9		$	(0.8	)	$	(1.0	)	$	0.5		$	(2.7	)

Comprehensive income attributable to Koppers	$	(18.6	)	$	(18.4	)	$	(12.4	)	$	(10.4	)	$	(5.9	)	$	47.1		$	(18.6	)

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2013


	Parent			Koppers Inc.		Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries		Foreign Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
(Dollars in millions)
Net sales	$	0.0		$	230.1	$	11.9	$	120.8		$	43.3	$	(10.9	)	$	395.2
Cost of sales including depreciation and amortization		0.0			197.5		7.2		103.7			40.4		(11.0	)		337.8
Selling, general and administrative		0.5			10.8		0.1		5.5			1.4		0.0			18.3

Operating profit (loss)		(0.5	)		21.8		4.6		11.6			1.5		0.1			39.1
Other income (expense)		0.0			0.4		1.0		0.7			0.1		(0.9	)		1.3
Equity income of subsidiaries		19.4			14.2		8.2		0.4			0.1		(42.3	)		0.0
Interest expense (income)		0.0			6.8		0.0		0.7			0.0		(0.8	)		6.7
Income taxes		(0.2	)		10.2		0.0		3.8			0.3		0.0			14.1

Income from continuing operations		19.1			19.4		13.8		8.2			1.4		(42.3	)		19.6
Discontinued operations		0.0			0.0		0.0		(0.1	)		0.0		0.0			(0.1	)
Noncontrolling interests		0.0			0.0		0.0		0.0			0.4		0.0			0.4

Net income attributable to Koppers	$	19.1		$	19.4	$	13.8	$	8.1		$	1.0	$	(42.3	)	$	19.1

Comprehensive income attributable to Koppers	$	25.8		$	26.0	$	14.5	$	13.7		$	2.9	$	(57.1	)	$	25.8

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014


	Parent			Koppers Inc.			Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries			Foreign Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
(Dollars in millions)
Net sales	$	0.0		$	600.5		$	35.0		$	321.1		$	215.3		$	(43.6	)	$	1,128.3
Cost of sales including depreciation and amortization		0.0			539.7			22.8			291.7			211.3			(43.6	)		1,021.9
Selling, general and administrative		1.3			44.6			0.8			16.4			12.2			0.0			75.3

Operating profit (loss)		(1.3	)		16.2			11.4			13.0			(8.2	)		0.0			31.1
Other income (expense)		0.0			0.1			3.0			0.1			(0.3	)		(3.2	)		(0.3	)
Equity income of subsidiaries		1.9			16.1			(7.4	)		(9.2	)		0.0			(1.4	)		0.0
Interest expense (income)		0.0			24.7			0.0			2.4			1.4			(3.2	)		25.3
Income taxes		(0.5	)		5.8			(5.7	)		8.9			0.6			0.0			9.1

Income from continuing operations		1.1			1.9			12.7			(7.4	)		(10.5	)		(1.4	)		(3.6	)
Discontinued operations		0.0			0.0			0.0			0.0			0.0			0.0			0.0
Noncontrolling interests		0.0			0.0			0.0			0.0			(4.7	)		0.0			(4.7	)

Net income attributable to Koppers	$	1.1		$	1.9		$	12.7		$	(7.4	)	$	(5.8	)	$	(1.4	)	$	1.1

Comprehensive income attributable to Koppers	$	(9.2	)	$	(8.3	)	$	1.1		$	(14.4	)	$	(6.5	)	$	28.1		$	(9.2	)

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013


	Parent			Koppers Inc.		Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries		Foreign Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
(Dollars in millions)
Net sales	$	0.0		$	660.3	$	48.5	$	348.7		$	123.8	$	(44.8	)	$	1,136.5
Cost of sales including depreciation and amortization		0.0			580.6		34.3		305.8			116.0		(44.9	)		991.8
Selling, general and administrative		1.5			29.7		0.7		16.8			3.5		0.0			52.2

Operating profit (loss)		(1.5	)		50.0		13.5		26.1			4.3		0.1			92.5
Other income (expense)		0.0			1.3		3.1		0.8			0.7		(3.1	)		2.8
Equity income of subsidiaries		45.4			35.7		18.3		1.4			0.1		(100.9	)		0.0
Interest expense (income)		0.0			20.3		0.0		2.5			0.5		(3.1	)		20.2
Income taxes		(0.6	)		21.3		0.2		7.4			1.0		0.0			29.3

Income from continuing operations		44.5			45.4		34.7		18.4			3.6		(100.8	)		45.8
Discontinued operations		0.0			0.0		0.0		(0.1	)		0.0		0.0			(0.1	)
Noncontrolling interests		0.0			0.0		0.0		0.0			1.2		0.0			1.2

Net income attributable to Koppers	$	44.5		$	45.4	$	34.7	$	18.3		$	2.4	$	(100.8	)	$	44.5

Comprehensive income attributable to Koppers	$	40.8		$	41.6	$	22.8	$	15.8		$	2.9	$	(83.1	)	$	40.8

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet

September 30, 2014


	Parent		Koppers Inc.		Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries			Foreign Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
(Dollars in millions)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	0.0		$0.2		$0.1			$31.9		$42.9		$0.0			$75.1
Receivables, net		0.0		91.3		10.7			43.1		90.8		0.0			235.9
Affiliated Receivables		0.1		4.1		(2.8	)		6.4		12.9		(20.7	)		0.0
Inventories, net		0.0		87.8		0.0			66.9		73.2		(0.2	)		227.7
Deferred tax assets		0.0		7.9		3.9			0.0		8.4		0.0			20.2
Other current assets		0.0		5.5		0.4			12.7		30.5		0.0			49.1

Total current assets		0.1		196.8		12.3			161.0		258.7		(20.9	)		608.0
Equity investments		153.3		832.1		175.5			44.9		3.8		(1,203.9	)		5.7
Property, plant and equipment, net		0.0		111.9		0.9			40.0		134.0		0.0			286.8
Goodwill		0.0		39.8		0.0			30.7		167.5		0.0			238.0
Intangible assets, net		0.0		2.4		0.0			8.3		169.4		0.0			180.1
Deferred tax assets		0.0		0.5		2.3			5.1		2.4		0.0			10.3
Affiliated loan receivables		0.0		32.6		155.9			0.1		41.4		(230.0	)		0.0
Other noncurrent assets		0.0		19.4		0.0			0.8		4.7		0.1			25.0

Total assets	$	153.4	$	1,235.5	$	346.9		$	290.9	$	781.9	$	(1,454.7	)	$	1,353.9

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Accounts payable	$	0.1	$	52.2	$	0.0		$	28.0	$	42.1	$	0.0		$	122.4
Affiliated payables		0.0		14.0		6.3			2.5		3.7		(26.5	)		0.0
Accrued liabilities		4.7		33.8		0.4			29.0		39.8		0.0			107.7
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt		0.0		30.0		0.0			0.0		0.0		0.0			30.0

Total current liabilities		4.8		130.0		6.7			59.5		85.6		(26.5	)		260.1
Long-term debt		0.0		781.8		0.0			0.0		55.7		0.0			837.5
Affiliated debt		0.0		121.0		32.6			54.7		21.7		(230.0	)		0.0
Other long-term liabilities		0.0		55.2		2.5			17.7		15.8		0.1			91.3

Total liabilities		4.8		1,088.0		41.8			131.9		178.8		(256.4	)		1,188.9
Koppers shareholders’ equity		148.6		147.5		305.1			159.0		586.7		(1,198.3	)		148.6
Noncontrolling interests		0.0		0.0		0.0			0.0		16.4		0.0			16.4

Total liabilities and equity	$	153.4	$	1,235.5	$	346.9		$	290.9	$	781.9	$	(1,454.7	)	$	1,353.9

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet

December 31, 2013


	Parent		Koppers Inc.		Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries			Foreign Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
(Dollars in millions)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	0.0	$	29.9	$	0.1		$	43.5	$	8.7	$	0.0		$	82.2
Receivables, net		0.0		75.6		9.3			55.5		26.5		0.0			166.9
Affiliated receivables		0.2		1.1		3.9			0.8		1.6		(7.6	)		0.0
Inventories, net		0.0		86.1		0.0			75.2		7.7		(0.2	)		168.8
Deferred tax assets		0.0		7.9		1.5			0.0		0.6		0.0			10.0
Other current assets		0.0		7.3		0.6			17.5		19.8		0.0			45.2

Total current assets		0.2		207.9		15.4			192.5		64.9		(7.8	)		473.1
Equity investments		174.7		333.5		182.9			50.5		4.5		(739.5	)		6.6
Property, plant and equipment, net		0.0		112.2		0.0			38.1		46.7		0.0			197.0
Goodwill		0.0		39.8		0.0			31.5		1.4		0.0			72.7
Intangible assets, net		0.0		3.3		0.0			8.9		0.0		0.0			12.2
Deferred tax assets		0.0		2.4		(1.4	)		5.5		2.8		0.0			9.3
Affiliated loan receivables		0.0		8.5		123.8			0.1		40.8		(173.2	)		0.0
Other noncurrent assets		0.0		11.7		0.0			1.0		1.3		0.0			14.0

Total assets	$	174.9	$	719.3	$	320.7		$	328.1	$	162.4	$	(920.5	)	$	784.9

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Accounts payable	$	0.0	$	48.3	$	6.7		$	40.6	$	12.0	$	0.0		$	107.6
Affiliated payables		0.0		1.9		4.0			0.4		8.4		(14.7	)		0.0
Accrued liabilities		5.1		27.8		0.5			31.4		22.7		0.0			87.5

Total current liabilities		5.1		78.0		11.2			72.4		43.1		(14.7	)		195.1
Long-term debt		0.0		296.5		0.0			0.0		6.6		0.0			303.1
Affiliated debt		0.0		109.5		8.5			55.2		0.0		(173.2	)		0.0
Other long-term liabilities		0.0		67.6		2.5			19.6		7.2		0.0			96.9

Total liabilities		5.1		551.6		22.2			147.2		56.9		(187.9	)		595.1
Koppers shareholders’ equity		169.8		167.7		298.5			180.9		85.5		(732.6	)		169.8
Noncontrolling interests		0.0		0.0		0.0			0.0		20.0		0.0			20.0

Total liabilities and equity	$	174.9	$	719.3	$	320.7		$	328.1	$	162.4	$	(920.5	)	$	784.9

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014


	Parent			Koppers Inc.			Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries			Foreign Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
(Dollars in millions)
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	16.5		$	(0.9	)	$	19.1		$	11.4		$	(8.6	)	$	(26.7	)	$	10.8
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities:
Capital expenditures and acquisitions		0.0			(508.0	)		(15.7	)		(14.1	)		(36.6	)		18.9			(555.5	)
(Loans to) repayments from affiliates		0.0			(24.4	)		(27.7	)		0.0			(6.7	)		58.8			0.0
Net cash proceeds (payments) from divestitures and asset sales		0.0			0.1			0.0			0.0			0.0			0.0			0.1

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		0.0			(532.3	)		(43.4	)		(14.1	)		(43.3	)		77.7			(555.4	)
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities:
Borrowings (repayments) of long-term debt		0.0			514.9			0.0			0.0			48.9			0.0			563.8
Borrowings (repayments) of affiliated debt		0.0			17.5			24.3			0.0			17.0			(58.8	)		0.0
Deferred financing costs		0.0			(11.1	)		0.0			0.0			0.0			0.0			(11.1	)
Other financing activities		0.0			0.0			0.0			0.0			1.4			0.0			1.4
Dividends paid		(15.2	)		(17.8	)		0.0			(8.9	)		0.0			26.7			(15.2	)
Stock issued (repurchased)		(1.3	)		0.0			0.0			0.0			18.9			(18.9	)		(1.3	)

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(16.5	)		503.5			24.3			(8.9	)		86.2			(51.0	)		537.6
Effect of exchange rates on cash		0.0			0.0			0.0			0.0			(0.1	)		0.0			(0.1	)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		0.0			(29.7	)		0.0			(11.6	)		34.2			0.0			(7.1	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		0.0			29.9			0.1			43.5			8.7			0.0			82.2

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	0.0		$	0.2		$	0.1		$	31.9		$	42.9		$	0.0		$	75.1

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013


	Parent			Koppers Inc.			Domestic Guarantor Subsidiaries			Foreign Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidating Adjustments			Consolidated
(Dollars in millions)
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	32.6		$	43.7		$	2.5		$	25.8		$	(2.7	)	$	(36.3	)	$	65.6
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities:
Capital expenditures and acquisitions		0.0			(13.3	)		0.0			(14.3	)		(9.5	)		7.7			(29.4	)
(Loans to) repayments from affiliates		0.0			(3.0	)		(5.5	)		0.0			(3.2	)		11.7			0.0
Net cash proceeds (payments) from divestitures and asset sales		0.0			1.4			0.0			1.0			0.0			0.0			2.4

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		0.0			(14.9	)		(5.5	)		(13.3	)		(12.7	)		19.4			(27.0	)
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities:
Borrowings (repayments) of affiliated debt		0.0			8.7			3.0			0.0			0.0			(11.7	)		0.0
Deferred financing costs		0.0			(1.2	)		0.0			0.0			0.0			0.0			(1.2	)
Other financing activities		0.0			0.0			0.0			0.0			2.3			0.0			2.3
Dividends paid		(15.3	)		(33.2	)		0.0			(3.1	)		0.0			36.3			(15.3	)
Stock issued (repurchased)		(17.3	)		0.0			0.0			0.0			7.7			(7.7	)		(17.3	)

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(32.6	)		(25.7	)		3.0			(3.1	)		10.0			16.9			(31.5	)
Effect of exchange rates on cash		0.0			0.1			0.0			(1.8	)		0.3			0.0			(1.4	)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		0.0			3.2			0.0			7.6			(5.1	)		0.0			5.7
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		0.0			4.8			0.0			40.7			21.2			0.0			66.7

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	0.0		$	8.0		$	0.0		$	48.3		$	16.1		$	0.0		$	72.4

21. Related Party Transactions

As of September 30, 2014, the Company has loaned $9.5 million to TKK, a 30-percent owned company in China. The loan is repayable in November 2014 and is expected to be extended for an additional one-year term.

22. New Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize revenue in a manner that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, the amendment provides five steps that an entity should apply when recognizing revenue. The amendment also specifies the accounting of some costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer and expands the disclosure requirements around contracts with customers. An entity can either adopt this amendment retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the update recognized at the date of initial application. The amendment is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2014-09 on the Company’s financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, “Disclosure of Uncertainties About an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern” (“ASU 2014-15”), which requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued and provides guidance on determining when and how to disclose going concern uncertainties in the financial statements. Certain disclosures will be required if conditions give rise to substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. ASU 2014-15 applies to all entities and is effective for annual and interim reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This report and any documents incorporated herein by reference contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and may include, but are not limited to, statements about sales levels, restructuring, profitability and anticipated expenses and cash outflows. All forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. All statements contained herein that are not clearly historical in nature are forward-looking, and words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “continue,” “plans,” “intends,” “likely,” or other similar words or phrases are generally intended to identify forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement contained herein, in press releases, written statements or documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or in Koppers communications with and discussions with investors and analysts in the normal course of business through meetings, phone calls and conference calls, regarding expectations with respect to sales, earnings, cash flows, operating efficiencies, product introduction or expansion, the benefits of acquisitions and divestitures or other matters as well as financings and repurchases of debt or equity securities, are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and contingencies. Many of these risks, uncertainties and contingencies are beyond our control, and may cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from anticipated results, performance or achievements. Factors that might affect such forward-looking statements, include, among other things, Koppers’ ability to successfully integrate the wood preservatives business and/or the railroad services business of Osmose; integration of the Osmose businesses may take longer to accomplish than expected; the expected cost savings and any synergies from the Osmose acquisition may not be fully realized within the expected timeframes; disruption from the Osmose acquisition may make it more difficult to maintain relationships with clients, associates or suppliers; general economic and business conditions; demand for Koppers goods and services; competitive conditions; interest rate and foreign currency rate fluctuations; potential difficulties in protecting intellectual property; fluctuations in price, quality and availability of key raw materials and unfavorable resolution of claims against us, as well as those discussed more fully elsewhere in this report and in documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by Koppers, particularly our latest annual report on Form 10-K and subsequent filings. We caution you that the foregoing list of important factors may not contain all of the material factors that are important to you. In addition, in light of these risks and uncertainties, the matters referred to in the forward-looking statements contained in this report and the documents incorporated by reference herein may not in fact occur. Any forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after that date or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited financial statements and related notes included in Item 1 of this Part I as well as the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.

Overview

We are a leading integrated global provider of carbon compounds, chemicals and treated wood products and services. Our products and services are used in a variety of niche applications in a diverse range of end-markets, including the aluminum, railroad, specialty chemical, utility, rubber, concrete, steel, residential lumber and agricultural industries. We serve our customers through a comprehensive global manufacturing and distribution network, with manufacturing facilities located in North America, Australasia, China and Europe.

We operate three principal businesses: Carbon Materials and Chemicals (“CMC”), Railroad and Utility Products and Services (“RUPS”) and Performance Chemicals (“PC”). In connection with our acquisition of the wood preservation and railroad services businesses of Osmose Holdings, Inc. (“Osmose”) on August 15, 2014, we established our new PC segment, which is comprised of the majority of the wood preservation business that was acquired from Osmose and includes results for that business from the acquisition date. The railroad services business that we acquired from Osmose now falls under our pre-existing Railroad and Utility Products and Services segment. Our Carbon Materials and Chemicals business segment is unchanged.

Through our CMC business, we process coal tar into a variety of products, including carbon pitch, creosote, carbon black feedstock, naphthalene and phthalic anhydride, which are intermediate materials necessary in the production of aluminum, the pressure treatment of wood, the production of carbon black, the production of high-strength concrete, and the production of plasticizers and specialty chemicals, respectively. Through our RUPS business, we believe that we are the largest supplier of

railroad crossties to the North American railroads. Our other treated wood products include utility poles for the electric and telephone utility industries in North America and Australia. We also provide rail joint bar products as well as various services to the railroad industry. Through our PC business, we believe that we are the global leader in developing, manufacturing and marketing wood preservation chemicals and wood treatment technologies for use in pressure treating lumber for residential, industrial, and agricultural applications.

On August 15, 2014, we completed the acquisition of the wood preservation and railroad services businesses (the “Acquired Businesses”) of Osmose Holdings, Inc. (“Osmose”). The majority of the wood preservation business is now known as Performance Chemicals. We believe that Performance Chemicals is the global leader in developing, manufacturing and marketing wood preservation chemicals and wood treatment technologies. The business has operations and sales in North America, South America, Europe and Australasia, and accounted for approximately $350 million of the revenue for the Acquired Businesses in 2013. This business serves a diverse range of end-markets including infrastructure, residential and commercial construction, and agriculture. The wood preservation business includes approximately $16 million of revenue related to a wood treating facility located in Houston, Texas that will be part of our RUPS segment prospectively.

The railroad services business is now known as Railroad Structures. We believe that Railroad Structures is a leading provider of railroad infrastructure services, including bridge inspection, engineering, maintenance and repair, and construction services for the Class I and shortline railroads in North America. The business accounted for approximately $40 million of the revenue for the Acquired Businesses in 2013.

The aggregate cash purchase price for the Acquired Businesses was $494.1 million. The acquired assets include $27.2 million of cash in foreign countries as well as the value of an anticipated Section 338(h)(10) tax election that is expected to provide cash tax savings of approximately $7 million annually over the next 15 years. Revenues for the Acquired Businesses in 2013 were approximately $390 million. The estimated synergies from the acquisition, which include cost reductions and revenue increases, are expected to be at least $12 million annually, and we anticipate this annual run rate will be realizable by the end of 2015.

In January 2014, we announced the acquisition of a crosstie treating plant in Ashcroft, British Columbia, Canada from Tolko Industries, Inc. for a purchase price of $29.8 million. The facility, which is estimated to provide approximately $30 million in annual revenue, gives Koppers an operating presence in the Canadian railroad market.

In October 2012 we entered into an agreement with Nippon Steel and Sumikin Chemical (“Nippon”) and several other entities to develop and construct a fully integrated coal tar based carbon products complex in Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. The complex will include a 300,000 metric ton tar distillation facility which is majority-owned by Koppers, as well as a carbon black plant and a needle coke plant that will be owned by Nippon. A significant portion of the products produced at the tar distillation plant will be sold under a long-term contract with Nippon to supply their carbon black and needle coke plants. The project has commenced and construction of the tar distillation plant has been completed. We expect construction of the carbon black and needle coke plants to be completed by the end of 2014. We will be selling all of our production from the new facility into the domestic Chinese market until the carbon black and needle coke facilities are completed.

In October 2013, we were informed by the Tangshan Government of its intention to close the coke batteries owned and operated by our joint venture partner, Tangshan Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd (“TISCO”), in Tangshan, China. The Tangshan Government has ordered the closure of these coke batteries in an effort to improve the air quality in the Tangshan area. One of TISCO’s two coke batteries shut down in March 2014 and we had previously been informed that the other coke battery adjacent to KCCC was scheduled to be shut down by the end of 2014. The date of the estimated shutdown is not firm, and we have recently been informed by TISCO that the shutdown of their remaining operating coke battery adjacent to KCCC may not occur for twelve to eighteen months. Our 60 percent-owned subsidiary, KCCC, is located adjacent to TISCO’s coke facility and relies on its operations for a significant portion of raw material supply, utilities and other shared services. Closure of the TISCO coke batteries directly impacts KCCC’s ability to operate its coal tar distillation plant and we have determined that KCCC is unable to continue coal tar distillation activities at the site once TISCO ceases production activities at the adjacent facility. We are continuing to evaluate our options, which include transitioning to a new location or entering into other strategic partnerships with other unrelated coal tar distillation companies.

The closure or relocation of KCCC’s coal tar distillation facility could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flow and results of operations. For the year ended December 31, 2013, KCCC contributed operating profit of approximately $3.3 million after deducting profit attributable to non-controlling interests. As of September 30, 2014, after recording non-cash impairment and accelerated depreciation charges of $4.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2013 and $6.6

million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014, substantially all of the net book value of fixed assets subject to impairment has been depreciated.

We believe we will be able to continue fulfilling current domestic Chinese customers’ demands and our export commitments with capacity at Koppers (Jiangsu) Carbon Chemical Company Limited (“KJCC”), which commenced production activities in August 2014, TKK, our 30 percent owned Chinese subsidiary, and other commercial relationships in China. However, our margin on export sales may be negatively affected as a result of these actions.

Outlook

Trend Overview

Our businesses and results of operations are impacted by various competitive and other factors including (i) the impact of global economic conditions on demand for our products, including the impact of imported products from competitors in certain regions where we operate; (ii) raw materials pricing and availability, in particular the cost and availability of hardwood lumber for railroad crossties, and the cost and amount of coal tar available in global markets, which is negatively affected by reductions in steel production, and increases in scrap copper prices; (iii) volatility in oil prices, which impacts the cost of coal tar and certain other raw materials, as well as selling prices and margins for certain of our products including carbon black feedstock and phthalic anhydride; (iv) competitive conditions in global carbon pitch markets; and (v) changes in foreign exchange rates.

The availability of coal tar is linked to levels of metallurgical coke production. As the global steel industry has reduced production of steel and metallurgical coke, the volumes of coal tar by-product have also been reduced. Our ability to obtain coal tar and the price we are able to negotiate has a significant impact on the level of profitability of our business. Many of our sales contracts include provisions that allow for price increases based on increases in the price of raw materials, which has allowed us to generally maintain profit dollars in our core businesses. However, significant increases in raw material costs can result in margin dilution if only the increased cost of the raw material is passed on to the customer. Additionally, in certain regions such as China that have competing markets for coal tar, or in regions where the available supply of our products exceeds demand, we may not be able to recover raw material cost increases in the selling prices for our end products.

The primary product produced by CMC is carbon pitch, which is sold primarily to the aluminum industry to be used in the production of carbon anodes. The smelting of aluminum requires significant amounts of energy, which is a major cost component for the aluminum industry. As a result, new production facilities are being built in regions with low energy costs such as the Middle East, while regions with higher energy costs such as the United States, Australia and Western Europe have seen significant amounts of smelting capacity idled or closed over the last several years. Our operations in China have generally had lower profit margins than our operations in the mature regions due to a difficult pricing environment in the Middle East and in China as those regions have experienced an excess supply of pitch.

Our businesses and results of operations were also negatively affected in 2012, 2013, and 2014 by difficult economic conditions in Europe. Certain key end markets experienced significant reductions in demand that have negatively affected the profitability for most of our products produced and sold in Europe, and we expect this to continue for at least the foreseeable future. Additionally, during 2013 and 2014 our profitability in North America has been negatively impacted by increased levels of imports from competitors in Europe due to weak end-market demand there.

As a result of the items noted above, we have either curtailed or begun the closure of operations at several of our global CMC facilities including Follansbee, West Virginia, Uithoorn, the Netherlands, and Portland, Oregon in an effort to reduce costs and improve profitability. The reduction in operating capacity resulted in charges to pre-tax earnings of $9.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 and $21.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and are estimated to result in cost savings of $9 million in 2015.

There may be additional curtailments or closures at our other facilities as part of our efforts to reduce our cost structure and improve capacity utilization in our businesses.

Several of our products, particularly carbon black feedstock and phthalic anhydride, have end market pricing that is linked to oil. Historically, when oil prices increase we have benefited in terms of revenues and profitability from the higher pricing for these products as the cost of coal tar has not increased proportionally with oil. However, in recent years our coal tar costs have demonstrated a stronger correlation to the price of oil, which has resulted in higher raw material and finished product costs to the extent that the price of oil has increased.

The primary end-market for RUPS is the North American railroad industry, which has a large installed base of wood crossties that require periodic replacement. As a result, our sales volumes for crossties and our operating results for this business have historically been relatively stable. However, our railroad business can be negatively affected by weather conditions that make it difficult for sawmills that provide our raw material to harvest timber. Additionally, some of our Class I railroad customers, who make up the largest portion of our business, may reduce inventory levels at certain times to manage working capital, which can adversely affect our volumes and profitability during certain periods.

In the second half of 2013 and first half of 2014 we experienced reduced purchases of untreated crossties due to increased competition from other hardwood lumber products. This competition has resulted in higher prices and reduced availability for crossties that has resulted in reduced crossties sales volumes for us in 2014. However, crosstie availability improved in the third quarter of 2014 both sequentially and year over year and this improvement is expected to continue into 2015 as the industry continues to expand capacity.

The primary end-market for the wood treating chemicals sold by our PC business is the residential lumber market, which is influenced by existing home sales and consumer spending on remodeling projects. As most of the products sold by PC are copper-based products, changes in the price and availability of copper can have a significant impact on product pricing and margins.

Seasonality and Effects of Weather on Operations

Our quarterly operating results fluctuate due to a variety of factors that are outside of our control, including inclement weather conditions, which in the past have affected operating results. Operations at some of our facilities have at times been reduced during the winter months. Moreover, demand for some of our products declines during periods of inclement weather. As a result of the foregoing, we anticipate that we may experience material fluctuations in quarterly operating results. Historically, our operating results have been significantly lower in the first and fourth calendar quarters as compared to the second and third calendar quarters.

Results of Operations – Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 and 2013

Consolidated Results

Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 are summarized by segment in the following table:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Net Change
	2014		2013		Net Change
(Dollars in millions)
Carbon Materials and Chemicals (CMC)	$	226.6	$	241.6		-6	%
Railroad and Utility Products and Services (RUPS)		167.4		153.6		+9	%
Performance Chemicals (PC)		46.1		0.0		N/A
	$	440.1	$	395.2		+11	%

CMC net sales decreased by $15.0 million or six percent compared to the prior year period due to lower sales volumes and prices for carbon pitch and phthalic anhydride, which were partially offset by incremental sales of $11.2 million from the KJCC joint venture which began production in July 2014 and higher sales volumes for carbon black feedstock.

Lower sales volumes and prices for carbon pitch, driven by lower aluminum production in the United States and a difficult global pricing environment, reduced sales by five percent compared to the prior year quarter. The reduction in sales was net of an increase in carbon pitch sales from the KJCC joint venture in China which increased sales by one percent.

Higher distillate sales volumes more than offset lower sales prices which increased sales by one percent, with the higher sales volumes driven by sales from Chinese operations.

Sales of coal tar chemicals decreased by one percent of sales due to lower sales volumes and prices for phthalic anhydride compared to the prior year quarter, with the lower sales volumes due mainly to a planned maintenance outage.

RUPS net sales increased by $13.8 million or nine percent compared to the prior year period. The sales increase was due primarily to incremental sales from the Ashcroft and Osmose acquisitions totaling $18.3 million for the third quarter of 2014, which more than offset lower sales volumes for crosstie treating services and utility poles.

PC net sales amounted to $46.1 million as a result of the Osmose acquisition which closed on August 15, 2014. The primary product for PC is a patented wood treating chemical composed of micronized copper quarternary and micronized copper azole (“MicroPro”) that is used primarily in residential applications such as decking and fencing.

Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was 86 percent for the quarter ended September 30, 2014 compared to 84 percent for the quarter ended September 30, 2013 due mainly to product pricing declining at a greater rate than raw material costs.

Depreciation and amortization for the quarter ended September 30, 2014 was $4.0 million higher when compared to the prior year period due mainly to incremental depreciation and amortization from the Osmose and Ashcroft acquisitions combined with $0.9 million of accelerated depreciation related to the pending closures of our Uithoorn and KCCC facilities.

Impairment and restructuring charges for the quarter ended September 30, 2014 amounted to $2.6 million and are comprised of costs related to the pending closure of the Uithoorn facility in the Netherlands.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the quarter ended September 30, 2014 were $13.7 million higher when compared to the prior year period due mainly to incremental overhead costs from the Osmose acquisition that included normal overhead as well as integration and transaction closing costs.

Other income for the quarter ended September 30, 2014 was a loss of $0.2 million compared to income of $1.3 million in the prior year period due mainly to lower earnings from equity investments and a $0.7 million gain on sale of assets in the prior year period related to the sale of our wood treating facility in Hume, Australia.

Interest expense for the quarter ended September 30, 2014 increased by $5.2 million from the prior year period due to higher debt levels as a result of the financing for the Osmose transaction combined with $1.9 million related to the write-off of deferred financing costs as part of the refinancing of our revolving credit facility.

Income taxes for the quarter ended September 30, 2014 were $4.6 million lower when compared to the prior year period due to a significant reduction in pre-tax income partially offset by an increased effective tax rate and the unfavorable impact of a lower amount of discrete tax benefits. The increase in the effective tax rate on pretax ordinary income and before discrete items to 94.2 percent compared to 46.4 percent in the prior year quarter is primarily attributed to the non-deductibility of certain expenses related to the pending closure of the Uithoorn facility and the impairment of KCCC’s coal tar distillation facility and to the inability to record a tax benefit on pre-tax losses of certain foreign subsidiaries. Discrete items included in income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2014 consisted of a net tax benefit of $0.3 million primarily due to changes in unrecognized tax benefits. Discrete items included in income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2013 consisted of a net tax benefit of $1.6 million primarily due to tax benefits on amended tax returns for prior years and changes in unrecognized tax benefits offset by the effect of a United Kingdom corporate tax rate reduction.

Segment Results

Segment operating profit for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 is summarized by segment in the following table:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						% Change
	2014			2013			% Change
(Dollars in millions)
Operating profit:
Carbon Materials and Chemicals	$	5.2		$	21.8			-76	%
Railroad and Utility Products and Services		17.4			17.8			-2	%
Performance Chemicals		1.3			0.0			N/A
Corporate		(6.6	)		(0.5	)		-1,220	%
	$	17.3		$	39.1			-56	%
Operating profit as a percentage of net sales:
Carbon Materials and Chemicals		2.3	%		9.0	%		-6.7	%
Railroad and Utility Products and Services		10.4	%		11.6	%		-1.2	%
Performance Chemicals		2.8	%		N/A			N/A
		3.9	%		9.9	%		-6.0	%

CMC operating profit decreased by $16.6 million or 76 percent over the prior year period. Operating profit as a percentage of net sales for CMC amounted to 2.3 percent compared to 9.0 percent in the prior year quarter. Operating profit for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was negatively affected by impairment and plant closure charges related to the Uithoorn facility in The Netherlands, the KCCC facility in China, and North American operations. Additionally, operating profit was negatively impacted by lower sales prices for carbon pitch, phthalic anhydride, and carbon black feedstock.

RUPS operating profit decreased by $0.4 million or two percent compared to the prior year period. Operating profit as a percentage of net sales for RUPS decreased to 10.4 percent from 11.6 percent in the prior year quarter. Operating profit for the three months ended September 30, 2014 was negatively impacted by lower sales volumes for crosstie treating services and utility poles. Partially offsetting the impact from the lower sales volumes were the incremental profits added by the Osmose and Ashcroft acquisitions.

PC operating profit for the period since the acquisition amounted to $1.3 million and was negatively impacted by $2.7 million of amortization costs related to the write-up of inventory values as part of the purchase price allocation.

Corporate unallocated charges totaling $6.6 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2014 consisted primarily of transaction and integration costs related to the Osmose acquisition.

Results of Operations – Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 and 2013

Consolidated Results

Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 are summarized by segment in the following table:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Net Change
	2014		2013		Net Change
(Dollars in millions)
Carbon Materials and Chemicals	$	637.8	$	692.4		-8	%
Railroad and Utility Products and Services		444.4		444.1		0	%
Performance Chemicals		46.1		0.0		N/A
	$	1,128.3	$	1,136.5		-1	%

CMC net sales decreased by $54.6 million or eight percent compared to the prior year period due mainly to lower sales volumes and prices for carbon pitch and phthalic anhydride, which more than offset $11.2 million in incremental sales from the KJCC joint venture in China which began operations in July 2014.

Lower sales volumes and prices for carbon pitch, driven by a difficult global pricing environment and reduced aluminum production in the United States, reduced sales by six percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the prior year period.

Sales of distillates resulted in a reduction in sales of one percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in 2013 as lower sales prices more than offset higher sales volumes for carbon black feedstock.

Sales of coal tar chemicals were flat as higher sales volumes and prices for naphthalene were more than offset by lower sales prices for phthalic anhydride driven by lower prices for orthoxylene.

RUPS net sales increased by $0.3 million compared to the prior year period as incremental sales totaling $31.7 million from the Ashcroft and Osmose acquisitions more than offset lower sales volume for crossties. The reduced sales volumes for crossties resulted from reduced hardwood lumber availability due to increased demand for the lumber from competing markets.

PC net sales amounted to $46.1 million as a result of the Osmose acquisition which closed on August 15, 2014. The primary product for PC is a patented wood treating chemical known as MicroPro that is used primarily in residential applications such as decking and fencing.

Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was 86 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to 85 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 mainly as a result of product pricing declining at a greater rate than raw material costs.

Depreciation and amortization for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was $8.0 million higher when compared to the prior year period due mainly to $4.4 million of accelerated depreciation related to the pending closures of the Uithoorn and KCCC facilities combined with incremental depreciation and amortization costs for the Osmose and Ashcroft acquisitions.

Impairment and restructuring charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 amounted to $18.1 million and are comprised of costs related to the pending closures of the Uithoorn and KCCC facilities.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 were $23.1 million higher when compared to the prior year period due mainly to incremental overhead costs from the Osmose acquisition which includes ongoing overhead costs as well as due diligence, closing, and integration costs, operations improvement projects, and plant startup costs.

Other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was a loss of $0.3 million compared to income of $2.8 million in the prior year due mainly to lower earnings from equity investments and a $0.7 million gain on the sale of the Hume, Australia facility in the prior year.

Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was $25.3 million compared to $20.2 million in the prior year period due to higher debt levels as a result of the financing for the Osmose transaction combined with $1.9 million related to the write-off of deferred financing costs as part of the refinancing of our revolving credit facility.

Income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 were $20.2 million lower when compared to the prior year period due to a significant reduction in pre-tax income and the favorable impact of a higher amount of discrete tax benefits partially offset by an increased effective tax rate. The increase in the effective tax rate on pretax ordinary income and before discrete items to 80.9 percent compared to 43.0 percent in the prior year quarter is primarily attributed to the non-deductibility of certain expenses related to the pending closure of the Uithoorn facility and the impairment of KCCC’s coal tar distillation facility and to the inability to record a tax benefit on pre-tax losses of certain foreign subsidiaries. Discrete items included in income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 were a net tax benefit of $6.0 million which was primarily related to management’s decision that a deferred tax liability for certain undistributed earnings of its European subsidiaries was no longer necessary as these earnings are permanently reinvested. Discrete items included in income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 consisted of a net tax benefit of $3.0 million primarily due to tax benefits on amended tax returns for prior years, changes in unrecognized tax benefits, and the fact that the Company is no longer subject to potential income tax examinations for certain years.

Segment Results

Segment operating profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 is summarized by segment in the following table:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						% Change
	2014			2013			% Change
(Dollars in millions)
Operating profit:
Carbon Materials and Chemicals	$	0.2		$	47.4			-100	%
Railroad and Utility Products and Services		41.3			46.6			-11	%
Performance Chemicals		1.3			0.0			N/A
Corporate		(11.7	)		(1.5	)		-680	%
	$	31.1		$	92.5			-66	%
Operating profit as a percentage of net sales:
Carbon Materials and Chemicals		0.0	%		6.8	%		-6.8	%
Railroad and Utility Products and Services		9.3	%		10.5	%		-1.2	%
Performance Chemicals		2.8	%		N/A			N/A
		2.8	%		8.1	%		-5.3	%

CMC operating profit decreased by $47.2 million over the prior year period. Operating loss as a percentage of net sales for CMC amounted to 0 percent compared to operating profit of 6.8 percent in the prior year period. Operating profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was negatively affected by $28.6 million of pre-tax impairment and plant closure charges related to the Uithoorn facility in The Netherlands, and the KCCC facility in China. Additionally, operating profit was negatively impacted by lower sales prices for pitch, carbon black feedstock and phthalic anhydride.

RUPS operating profit decreased by $5.3 million or eleven percent compared to the prior year period, and operating profit as a percentage of net sales for RUPS decreased to 9.3 percent from 10.5 percent in the prior year period. Operating profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 was negatively impacted by lower sales volumes for crossties due to difficulties in

obtaining adequate raw material supplies as a result of competition for hardwood lumber combined with $2.8 million of consulting costs related to operational improvements. Partially offsetting the impact from lower crosstie sales volumes and higher consulting costs were the additional profits added from the Ashcroft and Osmose acquisitions.

Corporate unallocated charges totaling $11.7 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2014 consisted primarily of transaction and integration costs related to the Osmose acquisition.

Cash Flow

Net cash provided by operating activities was $10.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 as compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $65.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The net decrease of $54.8 million in cash from operations was due primarily to lower net income combined with higher working capital usage compared to the prior year period principally as a result of a smaller decrease in inventories compared to the prior year period.

Net cash used in investing activities was $555.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 as compared to net cash used in investing activities of $27.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The increase in net cash used by investing activities of $528.4 million is due to the acquisitions of Osmose and Ashcroft in 2014 for a total of $496.5 million, net of cash acquired, and $33.9 million of capital expenditures related to the KJCC facility in China.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $537.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 as compared to net cash used in financing activities of $31.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The difference is due mainly to net borrowings of $563.8 million in the first nine months of 2014 to finance the Osmose and Ashcroft acquisitions and construction costs at the KJCC facility in China.

Dividends paid were $15.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to $15.3 million in the prior year period due to share repurchases that occurred in the third quarter of 2013. On November 5, 2014, our board of directors declared a quarterly dividend of 25 cents per common share, payable on January 5, 2015 to shareholders of record as of November 17, 2014.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Restrictions on Dividends to Koppers Holdings

Koppers Holdings depends on the dividends from the earnings of Koppers Inc. and its subsidiaries to generate the funds necessary to meet its financial obligations, including the payment of any declared dividend of Koppers Holdings. Koppers Inc.’s credit agreement prohibits it from making dividend payments to us unless (1) such dividend payments are permitted by the indenture governing Koppers Inc.’s Senior Notes and (2) no event of default or potential default has occurred or is continuing under the credit agreement. The indenture governing Koppers Inc.’s Senior Notes restricts its ability to finance our payment of dividends if (1) a default has occurred or would result from such financing, (2) a restricted subsidiary of Koppers Inc. which is not a guarantor under the indenture is not able to incur additional indebtedness (as defined in the indenture), and (3) the sum of all restricted payments (as defined in the indenture) have exceeded the permitted amount (which we refer to as the “basket”) at such point in time.

The basket is governed by a formula based on the sum of a beginning amount, plus or minus a percentage of Koppers Inc.’s consolidated net income (as defined in the indenture), plus the net proceeds of Koppers Inc.’s qualified stock issuance or conversions of debt to qualified stock, plus the net proceeds from the sale of or a reduction in an investment (as defined in the indenture) or the value of the assets of an unrestricted subsidiary which is designated a restricted subsidiary. At September 30, 2014 the basket totaled $217.1 million. Notwithstanding such restrictions, the indenture governing Koppers Inc.’s Senior Notes permits an additional aggregate amount of $20.0 million each fiscal year to finance dividends on the capital stock of Koppers Holdings, whether or not there is any basket availability, provided that at the time of such payment, no default in the indenture has occurred or would result from financing the dividends.

In addition, certain required coverage ratios in Koppers Inc.’s revolving credit facility may restrict the ability of Koppers Inc. to pay dividends. See “—Debt Covenants.”

Liquidity

The Koppers Inc. revolving credit facility agreement provides for a revolving credit facility of up to $500.0 million at variable rates. On August 15, 2014, the revolving credit facility was increased from $350.0 million. Borrowings under the revolving credit facility are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of the assets of Koppers Inc. and its material domestic

subsidiaries. The revolving credit facility contains certain covenants for Koppers Inc. and its restricted subsidiaries that limit capital expenditures, additional indebtedness, liens, dividends, investments or acquisitions. In addition, such covenants give rise to events of default upon the failure by Koppers Inc. and its restricted subsidiaries to meet certain financial ratios.

The following table summarizes our estimated liquidity as of September 30, 2014 (dollars in millions):



Cash and cash equivalents⁽¹⁾	$	75.1
Amount available under revolving credit facility		233.0
Amount available under other credit facilities		0.8

Total estimated liquidity	$	308.9

(1)

Cash includes approximately $67 million held by foreign subsidiaries, which if repatriated to the United States, would incur an estimated cash tax cost of approximately $11 million.

Our estimated liquidity was $451.4 million at December 31, 2013.

In June 2012, we filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the Securities and Exchange Commission which gives us the ability to offer common stock, debt securities, preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants and units (or a combination of these securities) from time to time in one or more offerings. In addition, Koppers Inc. may sell debt securities from time to time under the registration statement. This registration statement expires on June 26, 2015.

Our need for cash in the next twelve months relates primarily to contractual obligations which include debt service, purchase commitments and operating leases, as well as working capital, capital maintenance programs, the funding of our new coal tar distillation facility in China, and mandatory and voluntary defined benefit plan funding. We may also use cash to pursue other potential strategic acquisitions. Capital expenditures in 2014, excluding acquisitions and the construction of a new coal tar facility in China, are expected to total approximately $41 million. In October 2012, a subsidiary of the Company signed an agreement to construct a coal tar distillation facility in China. Construction of the Company’s new coal tar distillation facility in China was completed in July 2014. The Company’s remaining expected capital spending for the majority-owned facility is approximately $5 million and will be financed by available cash and incremental financing from a third party bank and the shareholder of the non-controlling interest in that joint venture. We believe that our cash flow from operations and available borrowings under the revolving credit facility will be sufficient to fund our anticipated liquidity requirements for at least the next twelve months, excluding the Osmose acquisition. In the event that the foregoing sources are not sufficient to fund our expenditures and service our indebtedness, we would be required to raise additional funds.

The Osmose acquisition’s base purchase price of $460 million was financed by a new $500.0 million revolving credit facility that replaced the $350.0 million revolving credit facility. In addition, the Company entered into a five year amortizing term loan totaling $300 million. As of August 15, 2014, the existing $300.0 million principal value Senior Notes due 2019 remain in place and were ratably secured to be pari-passu with the new revolving credit facility and term loan.

Debt Covenants

The covenants that affect availability of the revolving credit facility and which may restrict the ability of Koppers Inc. to pay dividends include the following financial ratios:

The fixed charge coverage ratio, calculated as of the end of each fiscal quarter for the four fiscal quarters then ended, is not permitted to be less than 1.10. The fixed charge coverage ratio at September 30, 2014 was 2.7.

The maximum total secured leverage ratio, calculated as of the end of each fiscal quarter for the four fiscal quarters then ended, is not permitted to exceed 5.0. The leverage ratio at September 30, 2014 was 4.4.

We are currently in compliance with all covenants in the credit agreement governing the revolving credit facility.

At September 30, 2014, Koppers Inc. had $300.0 million principal value outstanding of Senior Notes. The Senior Notes include customary covenants that restrict, among other things, our ability to incur additional debt, pay dividends or make certain other restricted payments, incur liens, merge or sell all or substantially all of the assets or enter into various transactions with affiliates. We are currently in compliance with all covenants in the Senior Notes indenture.

Legal Matters

The information set forth in Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Koppers Holdings Inc. included in Item 1 of this Part I is incorporated herein by reference.

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

The information set forth in Note 22 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Koppers Holdings Inc. included in Item 1 of this Part I is incorporated herein by reference.

Critical Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes to the Company’s critical accounting policies as disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.

Environmental and Other Matters

The information set forth in Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Koppers Holdings Inc. included in Item 1 of Part I is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There are no material changes to the disclosure on this matter made in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, with participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Disclosure controls and procedures are defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Based upon the evaluation, as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level because of the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting described below.

The Company did not maintain effective controls over the accounting for its income tax provision for interim periods which is calculated by utilizing an estimated annual effective tax rate approach. Specifically, the Company’s interim controls related to timely identification of and accounting for the impact of changes in the Company’s full year ordinary income projections did not operate as designed. While the provision for income taxes for the period ended September 30, 2014 was not misstated as the full year ordinary income projection was adjusted for the impact of changes in the Company’s full year ordinary income

projections, such adjustment did not occur timely. This control deficiency could result in future misstatements of the income tax provision for interim periods and disclosures that would result in a material misstatement of the consolidated condensed financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. Accordingly, the Company’s management has determined that this control deficiency constitutes a material weakness.

(b) Planned Remediation Efforts to Address Material Weakness

To remediate the material weakness described above, we are implementing additional procedures and follow up as part of the interim quarterly close process to timely identify changes in underlying projections for the calculation of the income tax provision for interim periods utilizing the estimated annual effective tax rate approach. However, the material weakness will not be considered remediated until the applicable remedial procedures operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.

We expect that the remediation of the material weakness related to controls over the accounting for income taxes will be completed by the conclusion of our financial statement close process for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2015. This material weakness only impacts controls over the accounting for the income tax provision for interim periods. Because the income tax provision calculation for annual periods ended December 31 does not utilize projections of ordinary income, controls for annual periods ended December 31 are not affected by this material weakness. Accordingly, the remediation of this material weakness cannot be completed until the conclusion of the next quarterly period, which is the quarterly period ended March 31, 2015. However, we cannot make any assurances that we will successfully remediate this material weakness within the anticipated timeframe and thus reduce to remote the likelihood that material misstatements concerning income tax accounting will not be prevented or detected in a timely manner.

(c) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2014 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The information set forth in Note 18 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Koppers Holdings Inc. included in Item 1 of Part I of this report is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The disclosure in this item updates and supplements the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.

Risks Related to Our Business

Conditions in the global economy and global capital markets may adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The U.S. and global economy and capital markets have experienced significant uncertainties and volatility in the past few years. Our business and operating results for the last five years were significantly affected by these global economic issues. Many of our customers have experienced deterioration of their business during the latest business cycle. They may experience cash flow shortages and may have difficulty obtaining financing. As a result, our customers may delay or cancel plans to purchase our products and may not be able to fulfill their payment obligations to us in a timely fashion. Our suppliers may be experiencing similar conditions which could impact their ability to supply us with raw materials and otherwise fulfill their obligations to us. If global economic conditions deteriorate significantly, there could be a material adverse effect to our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

In addition, we rely on our $800.0 million senior secured credit facilities with a consortium of banks to provide us with liquidity to meet our working capital needs. At September 30, 2014, we had $233 million of available borrowing capacity under this arrangement. Our ability to fund our liquidity needs and working capital requirements could be impacted in the event that disruptions in the credit markets result in the banks being unable to lend to us under our credit agreement.

Intellectual property rights are important to our business. If our patents are declared invalid or our trade secrets become known to our competitors, our ability to compete may be adversely affected.

Proprietary protection of our processes, apparatuses and other technology is important to our business, particularly in our Performance Chemicals business. Consequently, we may have to rely on judicial enforcement of our patents and other proprietary rights. While a presumption of validity exists with respect to patents issued to us in the U.S., there can be no assurance that any of our patents will not be challenged, invalidated, circumvented or rendered unenforceable. Furthermore, if any pending patent application filed by us does not result in an issued patent, or if patents are issued to us, but such patents do not provide meaningful protection of our intellectual property, or if patents issued to us expire, then our ability to compete may be adversely affected. Additionally, our competitors or other third parties may obtain patents that restrict or preclude our ability to lawfully produce or sell our products in a competitive manner, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow and financial condition. The growth of our business also depends on our ability to develop new intellectual property rights, including patents, and the successful implementation of innovation initiatives. There can be no assurance that our efforts to do so will be successful and the failure to do so could negatively impact our results of operations.

We also rely upon unpatented proprietary know-how and continuing technological innovation and other trade secrets to develop and maintain our competitive position, particularly in our Performance Chemicals business. While it is our policy to enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees and third parties to protect our intellectual property, these confidentiality agreements may be breached or may not provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets or proprietary know-how, and adequate remedies may not be available in the event of an unauthorized use or disclosure of our trade secrets and know-how. In addition, others could obtain knowledge of our trade secrets through independent development or other access by legal means. The failure of our patents or confidentiality agreements to protect our processes, apparatuses, technology, trade secrets or proprietary know-how could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow and financial condition.

Demand for our products is cyclical and we may experience prolonged depressed market conditions for our products.

Our products are sold primarily into markets which historically have been cyclical, such as the aluminum, specialty chemical and wood preservation markets.

The principal consumers of our carbon pitch are primary aluminum smelters. Although the aluminum industry has experienced growth on a long-term basis, there may be cyclical periods of weak demand which could result in decreased primary aluminum production. Our pitch sales have historically declined during such cyclical periods of weak global demand for aluminum.

The principal use of our phthalic anhydride is in the manufacture of plasticizers and flexible vinyl, which are used mainly in the housing and automobile industries. Therefore, a decline in remodeling and construction or global automobile production could reduce the demand for phthalic anhydride.

The principal use of our wood preservation chemicals is in the manufacture of treated lumber, which is used mainly for residential applications, such as wood decking, and also industrial applications, such as the treating of railroad crossties and utility poles. Therefore, a decline in remodeling and construction could reduce demand for wood preservation chemicals for residential applications and a decline in the capital spending requirements for railroads and utility companies could reduce demand for wood preservation chemicals for industrial applications.

Fluctuations in the price, quality and availability of our primary raw materials could reduce our profitability.

Our operations depend on an adequate supply of quality raw materials being available on a timely basis. The loss of a key source of supply or a delay in shipments could cause a significant increase in our operating expenses. For example, our operations are highly dependent on a relatively small number of freight transportation services. We are also dependent on specialized ocean-going transport vessels that we lease to deliver raw materials to our facilities and finished goods to our

customers. Interruptions in such freight services could impair our ability to receive raw materials and ship finished products in a timely manner. We are also exposed to price and quality risks associated with raw material purchases. Such risks include the following:

The primary raw material used by our Carbon Materials and Chemicals business is coal tar, a by-product of furnace coke production. A shortage in the supply of domestic coal tar or a reduction in the quality of coal tar could require us to increase coal tar and carbon pitch imports, as well as the use of petroleum substitutes to meet future carbon pitch demand. This could cause a significant increase in our operating expenses and we may be unable to pass some or all of these costs on to our customers.

In certain circumstances coal tar may also be used as an alternative to fuel. In the past, increases in energy prices have resulted in higher coal tar costs which we have attempted to pass through to our customers. If these increased costs cannot be passed through to our customers, it could result in margin reductions for our coal tar-based products.

Our price realizations and profit margins for phthalic anhydride have historically fluctuated with the price of orthoxylene and its relationship to our cost to produce naphthalene; however, during periods of excess supplies of phthalic anhydride, margins may be reduced despite high levels for orthoxylene prices.

The availability and cost of softwood and hardwood lumber are critical elements in our production of pole products and railroad crossties, respectively, for our Railroad and Utility Products and Services business. Historically, the supply and cost of hardwood for railroad crossties have been subject to availability and price pressures. We may not be able to obtain wood raw materials at economical prices in the future.

The availability of scrap copper is a critical element in our production of copper-based wood preservation chemicals for our Performance Chemicals business. Our purchase price for scrap copper is based upon spot prices in the copper market, which are subject to sudden changes. We may not be able to obtain scrap copper at prices that match underlying pricing commitments to our customers.

If the costs of raw materials increase significantly and we are unable to offset the increased costs with higher selling prices, our profitability will decline.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

No shares were repurchased in the quarter ended September 30, 2014 under the current $75 million share repurchase program approved in November 2011. The approximate dollar value of common shares that may yet be purchased under this program is $52.8 million. The repurchase program has no expiration date.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS



2.4*		Amendment No. 1 to Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 15, 2014, by and among Koppers Inc., Osmose Holdings, Inc., Osmose, Inc. and Osmose Railroad Services, Inc.

10.95*		Credit Agreement, dated as of August 15, 2014, by and among Koppers Inc., as Borrower, the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders party thereto and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent.

10.96*		Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 24, 2010, to the Indenture dated as of December 1, 2009 among Koppers Ventures LLC, Koppers Inc., Koppers Holdings Inc., as Guarantor, each of the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.

10.97*		Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 15, 2014, to the Indenture dated as of December 1, 2009 among Koppers Inc., Koppers Holdings Inc., as Guarantor, each of the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee.

10.98*		Key Employee Non-Competition Agreement, dated November 8, 2006, between Osmose Holdings, Inc. and Paul Goydan.

10.99*		Amendment No. 1 to Key Employee Non-Competition Agreement, dated April 2, 2012, between Osmose Holdings, Inc. and Paul Goydan.

10.100*		Employment Letter Agreement, dated March 14, 2012, between Osmose, Inc. and Paul Goydan.

10.101*		Amendment to Employment Letter Agreement, dated June 25, 2014, by and among Osmose, Inc. and Paul Goydan.

12.1*		Computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges

31.1*		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2*		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS*		XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

*	Filed herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	KOPPERS HOLDINGS INC. (REGISTRANT)

Date: November 10, 2014	By:	/S/ MICHAEL J. ZUGAY

		Michael J. Zugay Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)