Filed by Bowne Pure Compliance
Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
     
þ   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2008
OR
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     .
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 0-19271
IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
DELAWARE   01-0393723
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation   (IRS Employer Identification No.)
or organization)    
     
ONE IDEXX DRIVE, WESTBROOK, MAINE   04092
(Address of principal executive offices)   (ZIP Code)
207-556-0300
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
                 
Large accelerated filer
  þ       Accelerated filer   o
 
               
Non-accelerated filer
  o   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)   Smaller reporting company   o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No þ
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.10 par value, was 60,300,554 on April 21, 2008.
 
 

 

 


 

IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
Table of Contents
         
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 Exhibit 31.1
 Exhibit 31.2
 Exhibit 32.1
 Exhibit 32.2

 

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
ASSETS                
Current Assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 60,220     $ 60,360  
Accounts receivable, less reserves of $2,268 in 2008 and $1,742 in 2007
    125,245       108,384  
Inventories
    99,878       98,804  
Deferred income tax assets
    24,893       23,606  
Other current assets
    12,130       14,509  
 
           
Total current assets
    322,366       305,663  
Property and equipment, net
    151,094       141,852  
 
               
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net
    244,781       236,414  
Other long-term assets, net
    18,616       18,250  
 
           
 
    263,397       254,664  
 
           
TOTAL ASSETS
  $ 736,857     $ 702,179  
 
           
 
               
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY                
Current Liabilities:
               
Accounts payable
  $ 25,301     $ 32,510  
Accrued expenses
    32,481       29,182  
Accrued employee compensation and related expenses
    29,951       44,753  
Accrued taxes
    11,447       18,206  
Accrued customer programs
    14,421       15,107  
Short-term debt
    139,951       72,236  
Current portion of long-term debt
    731       720  
Deferred revenue
    10,743       10,678  
 
           
Total current liabilities
    265,026       223,392  
Long-term Liabilities:
               
Deferred tax liabilities
    12,600       14,697  
Long-term debt, net of current portion
    5,540       5,727  
Deferred revenue
    6,071       6,210  
Other long-term liabilities
    13,984       13,830  
 
           
Total long-term liabilities
    38,195       40,464  
 
               
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 13)
               
 
               
Stockholders’ Equity:
               
Common stock, $0.10 par value: Authorized: 120,000 shares;
Issued: 94,870 and 94,504 shares in 2008 and 2007, respectively
    9,487       9,450  
Additional paid-in capital
    526,169       514,773  
Deferred stock units: Outstanding 99 and 82 units in 2008 and 2007, respectively
    2,513       2,201  
Retained earnings
    613,413       585,862  
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    31,372       22,705  
Treasury stock, at cost: 34,473 and 33,500 shares in 2008 and 2007, respectively
    (749,318 )     (696,668 )
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity
    433,636       438,323  
 
           
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
  $ 736,857     $ 702,179  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
                 
    For the Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
Revenue:
               
Product revenue
  $ 168,990     $ 145,464  
Service revenue
    80,084       65,691  
 
           
 
    249,074       211,155  
Cost of Revenue:
               
Cost of product revenue
    64,541       58,290  
Cost of service revenue
    54,697       44,286  
 
           
 
    119,238       102,576  
 
           
Gross profit
    129,836       108,579  
 
           
 
               
Expenses:
               
Sales and marketing
    44,001       35,582  
General and administrative
    29,821       26,149  
Research and development
    17,295       15,971  
 
           
Income from operations
    38,719       30,877  
Interest expense
    (1,031 )     (634 )
Interest income
    546       662  
 
           
Income before provision for income taxes
    38,234       30,905  
Provision for income taxes
    10,683       9,878  
 
           
Net income
  $ 27,551     $ 21,027  
 
           
 
               
Earnings per Share:
               
Basic
  $ 0.45     $ 0.34  
 
           
Diluted
  $ 0.43     $ 0.32  
 
           
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding:
               
Basic
    60,865       62,274  
 
           
Diluted
    63,558       65,083  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)
                 
    For the Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
               
Net income
  $ 27,551     $ 21,027  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used by operating activities:
               
Depreciation and amortization
    11,395       9,047  
Reduction in deferred compensation expense
    (131 )      
Provision for uncollectible accounts
    523       116  
Benefit of deferred income taxes
    (999 )     (1,839 )
Share-based compensation expense
    2,878       2,416  
Tax benefit from exercises of stock options
    (2,384 )     (3,004 )
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
               
Accounts receivable
    (13,543 )     (16,428 )
Inventories
    (477 )     (3,083 )
Other assets
    (1,540 )     309  
Accounts payable
    (7,539 )     935  
Accrued liabilities
    (18,190 )     (11,453 )
Deferred revenue
    (333 )     167  
 
           
Net cash used by operating activities
    (2,789 )     (1,790 )
 
           
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
               
Sales and maturities of short-term investments
          35,000  
Purchases of property and equipment
    (17,049 )     (10,492 )
Acquisitions of equipment leased to customers
    (226 )     (238 )
Acquisitions of intangible assets and businesses, net of cash acquired
    (7,533 )     (80,311 )
 
           
Net cash used by investing activities
    (24,808 )     (56,041 )
 
           
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
               
Borrowings on revolving credit facilities, net
    67,942       74,511  
Payment of other notes payable
    (177 )     (1,323 )
Purchase of treasury stock
    (51,355 )     (34,416 )
Proceeds from exercises of stock options
    5,974       7,916  
Tax benefit from exercises of stock options
    2,384       3,004  
 
           
Net cash provided by financing activities
    24,768       49,692  
Net effect of exchange rates on cash
    2,689       410  
 
           
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
    (140 )     (7,729 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    60,360       61,666  
 
           
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 60,220     $ 53,937  
 
           
 
               
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
               
Interest paid
  $ 1,182     $ 539  
Income taxes paid
  $ 15,343     $ 14,814  
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The accompanying unaudited, condensed consolidated financial statements of IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. (“IDEXX”, the “Company”, “we” or “our”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and with the requirements of Regulation S-X, Rule 10-01 for financial statements required to be filed as a part of Form 10-Q.
The accompanying unaudited, condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. and our wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries, and all other entities in which we have a variable interest and are determined to be the primary beneficiary. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
The accompanying unaudited, condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of our management, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of our financial position and results of operations. The condensed balance sheet data at December 31, 2007 was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any future period. These unaudited, condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2008, and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
On October 25, 2007, our board of directors approved a two-for-one split of the outstanding shares of our common stock, to be effected in the form of a 100% stock dividend. Each holder of common stock of record at November 5, 2007 received one additional share of common stock for each share of common stock then held. The additional shares of common stock were distributed on November 26, 2007. As a result of the stock split, the number of outstanding common shares doubled to approximately 61 million shares.
All share and per share data (except par value) have been adjusted to reflect the effect of the stock split for all periods presented. In addition, the exercise of outstanding stock options and the vesting of other stock awards, as well as the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our various employee benefit plans, were proportionately increased in accordance with the terms of those respective agreements and plans.
Reclassifications have been made to the prior year condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.
NOTE 2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Significant Accounting Policies
The significant accounting policies used in preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2008 are consistent with those discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, except as discussed below.
Share-Based Compensation
To develop the expected term assumption for option awards, we previously elected to use the simplified method described in the Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, which is based on vesting and contractual terms. Beginning in January 2008, we derive the expected term assumption for options based on historical experience and other relevant factors concerning expected employee behavior with regard to option exercise. See Note 4.

 

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
We adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS No. 157”) on January 1, 2008. As permitted by FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. SFAS 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157” (“FSP No. SFAS 157-2”), we elected to defer the adoption of SFAS No. 157 for all nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis until January 1, 2009. SFAS No. 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands financial statement disclosures about fair value measurements. There was no cumulative effect of adoption related to SFAS No. 157 and the adoption did not have an impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. We are studying SFAS No. 157 with respect to nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities falling under the scope of FSP No. SFAS 157-2 and have not yet determined the expected impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. See Note 16 for a discussion of our adoption of SFAS No. 157.
We adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115” (“SFAS No. 159”) on January 1, 2008. SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose, at specified election dates, to measure eligible items at fair value (the “fair value option”). Under this pronouncement, a business entity must report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting period. We have not elected the fair value option for any items on our balance sheet.
NOTE 3. ACQUISITIONS OF BUSINESSES AND OTHER ASSETS
We paid $6.8 million to acquire a business and certain intangible assets that did not comprise businesses during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and recognized liabilities, including contingent liabilities associated with purchase accounting, of $0.1 million. In addition, we agreed to pay up to $7.5 million in the future upon achievement of revenue and other milestones. These payments will be accrued and recorded as additional intangible assets if and when we determine that it is probable that the milestones will be achieved.
More specifically, in January 2008, we acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of VetLab Laboratorio Veterinario de Referencia, S.L. (“VetLab S.L.”). With operations in Barcelona, Spain, Vetlab S.L. is a provider of reference laboratory testing services to veterinarians. We also acquired certain intellectual property and distribution rights associated with a diagnostic test product during the three months ended March 31, 2008. In connection with these acquisitions, we recognized goodwill of $0.4 million and amortizable intangible assets of $6.4 million.
During the three months ended March 31, 2008, we made purchase price payments of $0.7 million related to the achievement of milestones achieved by certain businesses acquired in prior years, which were previously accrued.
We believe that the acquired businesses enhance our existing businesses by either expanding the geographic range of our existing businesses or expanding our existing product lines. We determined the purchase price of each acquired business based on our assessment of estimated future cash flows attributable to the business enterprise taken as a whole, the strength of the business in the marketplace, the strategic importance of the acquisition to IDEXX, and the seller’s desire to be acquired by IDEXX versus perceived alternatives. We recognized goodwill based on the excess of the purchase price for each business over the fair values of the individual tangible and separately identified intangible assets acquired, which were valued in accordance with SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations.”
We have commitments outstanding at March 31, 2008 for additional purchase price payments of up to $8.6 million in connection with acquisitions of businesses and intangible assets during the current and prior periods, of which $8.3 million is contingent on the achievement by certain acquired businesses of specified milestones.
The results of operations of the acquired businesses have been included since their respective acquisition dates. Pro forma information has not been presented because such information is not material to the financial statements taken as a whole.

 

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NOTE 4. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
For the three months ended March 31, 2008, share-based compensation expense included $2.6 million for options, restricted stock units and deferred stock units with vesting conditions and $0.2 million for employee stock purchase rights. Share-based compensation expense was not affected by the two-for-one split of the outstanding shares of our common stock as discussed in Note 1.
Share-based compensation costs for options, restricted stock units, deferred stock units with vesting conditions, and employee stock purchase rights have been included in our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 as follows (in thousands):
                 
    For the Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
Cost of revenue
  $ 186     $ 123  
Sales and marketing
    423       293  
General and administrative
    1,655       1,504  
Research and development
    547       450  
 
           
Total
  $ 2,811     $ 2,370  
 
           
The fair value of options, restricted stock units, deferred stock units with vesting conditions, and employee stock purchase rights awarded during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 totaled $17.9 million and $17.8 million, respectively. The total unrecognized compensation cost for unvested share-based compensation awards outstanding at March 31, 2008 and 2007, before consideration of estimated forfeitures, was $38.3 million and $31.3 million, respectively. The weighted average remaining expense recognition period at March 31, 2008 and 2007 is approximately 2.4 years and 2.5 years, respectively.
Options
The weighted average valuation assumptions used to determine the fair value of each option grant on the date of grant were as follows:
                 
    For the Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
Expected stock price volatility
    25 %     29 %
Expected term, in years
    4.9       5.0  
Risk-free interest rate
    2.7 %     4.7 %
The total fair value of options vested during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 was $10.2 million and $11.6 million, respectively.
Restricted and Other Deferred Stock Units With Vesting Conditions
The weighted average fair value per unit of restricted stock units and deferred stock units with vesting conditions granted during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 was $56.95 and $41.94, respectively.
NOTE 5. INVENTORIES
Inventories include material, labor and overhead, and are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market. The components of inventories were as follows (in thousands):
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
Raw materials
  $ 27,080     $ 26,182  
Work-in-process
    15,687       16,425  
Finished goods
    57,111       56,197  
 
           
 
  $ 99,878     $ 98,804  
 
           

 

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NOTE 6. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in thousands):
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
Land and improvements
  $ 7,691     $ 7,754  
Buildings and improvements
    54,226       54,072  
Leasehold improvements
    17,769       16,737  
Machinery and equipment
    99,353       92,139  
Office furniture and equipment
    64,896       61,472  
Construction in progress
    26,405       23,002  
 
           
 
    270,340       255,176  
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
    119,246       113,324  
 
           
Total property and equipment
  $ 151,094     $ 141,852  
 
           
Depreciation expense was $8.3 million and $6.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Instruments placed with customers under certain minimum volume commitment programs are capitalized and depreciated over the shorter of the useful life of the instrument or the minimum volume commitment period.
NOTE 7. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets other than goodwill consisted of the following (in thousands):
                                 
    March 31, 2008     December 31, 2007  
            Accumulated             Accumulated  
    Cost     Amortization     Cost     Amortization  
 
                               
Patents
  $ 10,914     $ 4,273     $ 10,895     $ 4,003  
Other product rights
    34,395       11,951       27,838       10,428  
Customer-related intangible assets
    59,445       9,524       57,907       8,011  
Other, primarily noncompete agreements
    6,839       2,620       6,416       2,299  
 
                       
 
  $ 111,593     $ 28,368     $ 103,056     $ 24,741  
 
                       
Amortization expense of intangible assets was $2.6 million and $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2008, we acquired customer-related intangible assets of $1.4 million, other product rights of $4.8 million, and other intangible assets of $0.2 million, all of which were assigned to the Companion Animal Group (“CAG”) segment, with weighted amortization periods of 3 years, 10 years and 15 years, respectively. See Note 3 for additional information. The remaining changes in the cost of intangible assets other than goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2008 resulted from changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
Goodwill by segment consisted of the following (in thousands):
                 
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
CAG segment
  $ 133,135     $ 131,004  
Water segment
    17,645       17,566  
Production animal segment
    10,776       9,529  
 
           
 
  $ 161,556     $ 158,099  
 
           
During the three months ended March 31, 2008, we recognized goodwill of $0.4 million (all of which is expected to be tax deductible) related to business acquisitions, which was assigned to the CAG segment. See Note 3 for additional information. The remaining changes in goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2008 resulted from changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

 

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NOTE 8. WARRANTY RESERVES
We provide for the estimated cost of instrument warranties in cost of product revenue at the time revenue is recognized based on the estimated cost to repair the instrument over its warranty period. Cost of revenue reflects not only estimated warranty expense for the systems sold in the current period, but also any changes in estimated warranty expense for the installed base that results from our quarterly evaluation of service experience. Our actual warranty obligation is affected by instrument performance in the customer’s environment and associated costs incurred in servicing instruments. Should actual service rates or costs differ from our estimates, which are based on historical data, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. Following is a summary of changes in accrued warranty reserve during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively (in thousands):
                 
    For the Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
Balance, beginning of period
  $ 1,667     $ 1,978  
Provision for warranty expense
    507       490  
Liability assumed in connection with business acquisition
          86  
Change in estimate of prior warranty expense
    (66 )     176  
Settlement of warranty liability
    (547 )     (899 )
 
           
Balance, end of period
  $ 1,561     $ 1,831  
 
           
NOTE 9. DEBT
In February 2008, we increased the aggregate principal amount available under our unsecured short-term revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) to $200.0 million from $125.0 million. At March 31, 2008 we had $139.9 million outstanding under the Credit Facility with a weighted average interest rate of 3.3%. Of the total amount outstanding at March 31, 2008 $6.9 million was borrowed by our Canadian subsidiary and denominated in Canadian dollars.
NOTE 10. INCOME TAXES
Our effective income tax rates were 27.9% and 32.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2008 as compared with the three months ended March 31, 2007 relates primarily to a reduction in international deferred tax liabilities due to a recent change in the statutory tax rates for a jurisdiction in which we operate. This non-recurring benefit of approximately $1.5 million reduced our effective income tax rate for the quarter by 3.9%. This favorable item was partly offset by federal research and development tax incentives that were not available for the three months ended March 31, 2008 because of an expiration of the law.
NOTE 11. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
The following is a summary of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
                 
    For the Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
Net income
  $ 27,551     $ 21,027  
Other comprehensive income (loss):
               
Foreign currency translation adjustments
    10,021       1,069  
Change in fair value of foreign currency contracts classified as hedges, net of tax
    (1,281 )     47  
Change in fair market value of investments, net of tax
    (73 )     7  
 
           
Comprehensive income
  $ 36,218     $ 22,150  
 
           

 

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NOTE 12. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and vested deferred stock units outstanding during the year. The computation of diluted earnings per share is similar to the computation of basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased for the assumed exercise of dilutive options and other potentially dilutive securities using the treasury stock method unless the security is anti-dilutive.
The following is a reconciliation of shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands):
                 
    For the Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
Shares Outstanding for Basic Earnings per Share:
               
Weighted average shares outstanding
    60,774       62,203  
Weighted average vested deferred stock units outstanding
    91       71  
 
           
 
    60,865       62,274  
 
           
 
               
Shares Outstanding for Diluted Earnings per Share:
               
Shares outstanding for basic earnings per share
    60,865       62,274  
Dilutive effect of options issued to employees and directors
    2,590       2,763  
Dilutive effect of restricted stock units issued to employees
    95       34  
Dilutive effect of nonvested deferred stock units issued to directors
    8       12  
 
           
 
    63,558       65,083  
 
           
Certain deferred stock units outstanding are included in shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share because the associated shares of our common stock are issuable for no cash consideration, the number of shares of our common stock to be issued is fixed and issuance is not contingent.
Certain options to acquire shares and restricted stock units have been excluded from the calculation of shares outstanding for dilutive earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive. The following table presents information concerning those anti-dilutive options (in thousands, except per share amounts):
                 
    For the Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
Weighted average number of shares underlying anti-dilutive options
    451       563  
 
               
Weighted average exercise price per underlying share of anti-dilutive options
  $ 52.62     $ 41.61  
 
               
Weighted average number of shares underlying anti-dilutive restricted stock units
    92        
The following table presents additional information concerning the exercise prices of vested and unvested options outstanding at the end of the period (in thousands, except per share amounts):
                 
    March 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
Closing price per share of our common stock
  $ 49.26     $ 43.81  
 
           
 
               
Number of shares underlying options with exercise prices below the closing price
    4,999       6,104  
Number of shares underlying options with exercise prices equal to or above the closing price
    611       200  
 
           
Total number of shares underlying outstanding options
    5,610       6,304  
 
           

 

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NOTE 13. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND GUARANTEES
Significant commitments, contingencies and guarantees at March 31, 2008 are consistent with those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements, except as described in Note 3.
NOTE 14. TREASURY STOCK
Our board of directors has authorized the repurchase of up to 40,000,000 shares of our common stock in the open market or in negotiated transactions. We believe that the repurchase of our common stock is a favorable investment and we also repurchase to offset the dilutive effect of our employee share-based compensation programs. Repurchases of our common stock may vary depending upon the level of other investing activities and the share price.
From the inception of the program in August 1999 to March 31, 2008, we repurchased 34,098,000 shares for $741.5 million. From the inception of the program to March 31, 2008, we also received 375,000 shares of stock with a market value of $7.8 million that were surrendered by employees in payment for the minimum required withholding taxes due on the exercise of stock options, vesting of restricted stock units, settlement of deferred stock units, and in payment for the exercise price of stock options.
Information about our treasury stock purchases and other receipts is presented in the table below (in thousands, except per share amounts):
                 
    For the Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
Shares acquired
    973       819  
Total cost of shares acquired
  $ 52,650     $ 34,819  
Average cost per share
  $ 54.10     $ 42.49  
NOTE 15. SEGMENT REPORTING
We are organized into business units by market and customer group. Our reportable segments include: products and services for the veterinary market, which we refer to as our Companion Animal Group (“CAG”), water quality products (“Water”), and products for production animal health, which we refer to as the Production Animal Segment (“PAS”). We also operate two smaller segments that comprise products for dairy quality, which we refer to as Dairy, and products for the human medical diagnostic market, which we refer to as OPTI Medical. Financial information about the Dairy and OPTI Medical operating segments are combined and presented in an “Other” category because they do not meet the quantitative or qualitative thresholds for reportable segments. CAG develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes products and performs services for veterinarians. Water develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes products to detect contaminants in water. PAS develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes products to detect disease in production animals. Dairy develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes products to detect contaminants in dairy products. OPTI Medical develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes point-of-care electrolyte and blood gas analyzers and related consumable products for the human medical diagnostics market.
Items that are not allocated to our operating segments comprise primarily corporate research and development expenses, a portion of share-based compensation expense, interest income and expense, and income taxes. We allocate most of our share-based compensation expense to the operating segments. This allocation differs from the actual expense and consequently yields a difference between the total allocated share-based compensation expense and the actual expense for the total company.

 

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The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 in Notes 2 and 17.
The following is the segment information (in thousands):
                                                 
    For the Three Months Ended March 31,  
                                    Unallocated     Consolidated  
    CAG     Water     PAS     Other     Amounts     Total  
2008
                                               
Revenues
  $ 203,609     $ 16,816     $ 21,162     $ 7,487     $     $ 249,074  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Income (loss) from operations
  $ 29,555     $ 6,270     $ 5,828     $ (189 )   $ (2,745 )   $ 38,719  
 
                                     
Interest expense, net
                                            485  
 
                                             
Income before provisions for income taxes
                                            38,234  
Provision for income taxes
                                            10,683  
 
                                             
Net income
                                          $ 27,551  
 
                                             
 
                                               
2007
                                               
Revenues
  $ 173,433     $ 14,405     $ 16,811     $ 6,506     $     $ 211,155  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Income (loss) from operations
  $ 23,585     $ 5,642     $ 3,965     $ (413 )   $ (1,902 )   $ 30,877  
 
                                     
Interest income, net
                                            28  
 
                                             
Income before provisions for income taxes
                                            30,905  
Provision for income taxes
                                            9,878  
 
                                             
Net income
                                          $ 21,027  
 
                                             
Revenue by product and service category was as follows (in thousands):
                 
    For the Three Months Ended  
    March 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
CAG segment revenue:
               
Instruments and consumables
  $ 75,610     $ 66,956  
Rapid assay products
    38,222       31,237  
Laboratory and consulting services
    70,107       57,888  
Practice information systems and digital radiography
    15,025       12,525  
Pharmaceutical products
    4,645       4,827  
 
           
CAG segment revenue
    203,609       173,433  
 
           
 
               
Water segment revenue
    16,816       14,405  
Production animal segment revenue
    21,162       16,811  
Other segment revenue
    7,487       6,506  
 
           
 
Total revenue
  $ 249,074     $ 211,155  
 
           

 

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NOTE 16. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
On January 1, 2008, we adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157 for our financial assets and liabilities. As permitted by FSP No. SFAS 157-2, we elected to defer the adoption of SFAS No. 157 for all nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis until January 1, 2009. SFAS No. 157 provides a framework for measuring fair value under U.S. GAAP and requires expanded disclosures regarding fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. SFAS No. 157 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs, where available, and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
     
Level 1
  Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Our Level 1 assets and liabilities include investments in marketable securities related to a deferred compensation plan assumed in a business combination. The liabilities associated with this plan relate to deferred compensation, which is indexed to the performance of the underlying investments.
 
   
Level 2
  Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Our Level 2 liabilities include unrealized losses on hedge contracts.
 
   
Level 3
  Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. At March 31, 2008, we have no Level 3 assets or liabilities.
The following table sets forth our financial assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2008 by level within the fair value hierarchy. We did not have any nonfinancial assets or liabilities that were measured or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2008. As required by SFAS No. 157, assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability (in thousands):
                                 
    Quoted Prices     Significant              
    In Active     Other     Significant        
    Markets for     Observable     Unobservable        
    Identical Assets     Inputs     Inputs     Balance at  
    (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)     March 31, 2008  
 
                               
Assets
                               
Marketable securities (1)
  $ 2,016     $     $     $ 2,016  
Liabilities
                               
Deferred compensation (2)
    2,016                   2,016  
Derivatives (3)
          3,769             3,769  
 
     
(1)   Relates to investments in marketable securities for a deferred compensation plan, which is included in other long-term assets.
 
(2)   Relates to deferred compensation liability associated with the above-mentioned marketable securities, included in other long-term liabilities.
 
(3)   Relates to unrealized losses on hedge contracts, included in accrued expenses. The notional value of these contracts is $96.8 million.

 

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q includes or incorporates forward-looking statements about our business and expectations within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements relating to future revenue growth rates, demand for our products, realizability of assets, warranty expense, share-based compensation expense, and competition. You can generally identify forward-looking statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Words such as “expects,” “may,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “would,” “will,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “should,” and similar words and expressions are intended to help you identify forward-looking statements. These statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events; are based on current estimates, projections, beliefs, and assumptions; and are not guarantees of future performance. Actual events or results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties as more fully described under the heading “Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. The risks and uncertainties discussed herein do not reflect the potential impact of future mergers, acquisitions or dispositions. In addition, any forward-looking statements represent our estimates only as of the day this quarterly report was first filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and should not be relied upon as representing our estimates as of any subsequent date. While we may elect to update forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so, even if our estimates or expectations change.
Business Overview
We operate primarily through three business segments: products and services for the veterinary market, which we refer to as our Companion Animal Group (“CAG”), water quality products (“Water”) and products for production animal health, which we refer to as the Production Animal Segment (“PAS”). We also operate two smaller segments that comprise products for dairy quality, which we refer to as Dairy, and products for the human medical diagnostic market, which we refer to as OPTI Medical. Financial information about the Dairy and OPTI Medical operating segments are combined and presented in an “Other” category because they do not meet the quantitative or qualitative thresholds for reportable segments.
CAG develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes products and performs services for veterinarians. Water develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes products to detect contaminants in water. PAS develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes products to detect diseases in production animals. Dairy develops, designs, manufacture, and distributes products to detect contaminants in dairy products. OPTI Medical develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes point-of-care electrolyte and blood gas analyzers and related consumable products for the human medical diagnostics market.
Items that are not allocated to our operating segments comprise primarily corporate research and development expenses, a portion of share-based compensation expense, interest income and expense, and income taxes. We allocate most of our share-based compensation expense to the operating segments. This allocation differs from the actual expense and consequently yields a difference between the total allocated share-based compensation expense and the actual expense for the total company.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The significant accounting policies used in preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2008 are consistent with those discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 and in Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. The critical accounting policies and the significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2008 are consistent with those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 in the section captioned “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates”, except as discussed below.

 

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Share-Based Compensation
We grant share-based compensation to certain employees annually in the first quarter of each year, including stock options. The valuation of stock options includes the use of subjective assumptions that we believe are reasonable, particularly for the expected stock price volatility and the expected term of options assumptions.
To develop the expected term assumption for option awards, we previously elected to use the simplified method described in the Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, which is based on vesting and contractual terms. Beginning in January 2008, we derive the expected term assumption for options based on historical experience and other relevant factors concerning expected employee behavior with regard to option exercise. Longer expected term assumptions increase the fair value of option awards, and therefore increase the expense recognized per award.
Share-based compensation expense is based on the number of awards ultimately expected to vest and is, therefore, reduced for an estimate of the number of awards that are expected to be forfeited. The forfeiture estimates are based on historical data and other factors, and compensation expense is adjusted for actual results. Net share-based compensation costs for the three months ended March 31, 2008 were $2.8 million, which is net of a reduction of $0.2 million for estimated forfeitures. Changes in estimated forfeiture rates and differences between estimated forfeiture rates and actual experience may result in unanticipated increases or decreases in share-based compensation expense from period to period.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
Revenue
Total Company. Revenue increased $37.9 million, or 18%, to $249.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from $211.2 million for the same period of the prior year. Incremental sales from businesses and from customer-related and other intangible assets acquired subsequent to January 1, 2007 contributed 4% to revenue growth. These acquisitions consisted primarily of veterinary reference laboratories and customer lists in Canada, the United States and Europe; intellectual property and distribution rights of a veterinary diagnostics business; a production animal diagnostic products business in France; and the Critical Care Division of Osmetech plc, which we refer to as OPTI Medical. The favorable impact of currency exchange rates contributed 5% to revenue growth. The following table presents revenue by operating segment:
                                                         
For the Three Months Ended March 31,  
                                                    Percentage  
                                                  Change Net of  
                                    Percentage     Percentage     Acquisitions  
Net Revenue                   Dollar     Percentage     Change from     Change from     and Currency  
(dollars in thousands)   2008     2007     Change     Change     Currency (1)     Acquisitions (2)     Effect  
 
                                                       
CAG
  $ 203,609     $ 173,433     $ 30,176       17.4 %     4.2 %     2.7 %     10.5 %
Water
    16,816       14,405       2,411       16.7 %     4.5 %           12.2 %
PAS
    21,162       16,811       4,351       25.9 %     11.8 %     12.2 %     1.9 %
Other
    7,487       6,506       981       15.1 %     4.8 %     13.7 %     (3.4 %)
 
                                                 
Total
  $ 249,074     $ 211,155     $ 37,919       18.0 %     4.9 %     3.6 %     9.5 %
 
                                                 
 
     
(1)   Represents the percentage change in revenue attributed to the effect of changes in currency rates from the three months ended March 31, 2007 to the three months ended March 31, 2008.
 
(2)   Represents the percentage change in revenue attributed to incremental revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2007 from businesses acquired subsequent to January 1, 2007.

 

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Companion Animal Group. Revenue for CAG increased $30.2 million, or 17%, to $203.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from $173.4 million for the same period of the prior year. Incremental sales from veterinary reference laboratory businesses and customer-related assets acquired subsequent to January 1, 2007 contributed 3% to CAG revenue growth. The favorable impact of currency exchange rates contributed 4% to the increase in CAG revenue. The following table presents revenue by product and service category for CAG:
                                                         
For the Three Months Ended March 31,  
                                                    Percentage  
                                                  Change Net of  
                                    Percentage     Percentage     Acquisitions  
Net Revenue                   Dollar     Percentage     Change from     Change from     and Currency  
(dollars in thousands)   2008     2007     Change     Change     Currency (1)     Acquisitions (2)     Effect  
 
                                                       
Instruments and consumables
  $ 75,610     $ 66,956     $ 8,654       12.9 %     4.8 %           8.1 %
Rapid assay products
    38,222       31,237       6,985       22.4 %     2.4 %           20.0 %
Laboratory and consulting services
    70,107       57,888       12,219       21.1 %     5.2 %     8.1 %     7.8 %
Practice information management systems and digital radiography
    15,025       12,525       2,500       20.0 %     2.0 %           18.0 %
Pharmaceutical products
    4,645       4,827       (182 )     (3.8 %)                 (3.8 %)
 
                                                 
Net CAG revenue
  $ 203,609     $ 173,433     $ 30,176       17.4 %     4.2 %     2.7 %     10.5 %
 
                                                 
 
     
(1)   Represents the percentage change in revenue attributed to the effect of changes in currency rates from the three months ended March 31, 2007 to the three months ended March 31, 2008.
 
(2)   Represents the percentage change in revenue attributed to incremental revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2007 from businesses acquired subsequent to January 1, 2007.
The following revenue analysis reflects the results of operations net of the impact of currency exchange rates on sales outside the U.S. and net of incremental sales from businesses and from customer-related and other intangible assets acquired subsequent to January 1, 2007.
Because our instrument consumables, rapid assay products, and pharmaceutical products are sold in the U.S. and certain other geographies by distributors, distributor purchasing dynamics have an impact on our reported sales of these products. Distributors purchase products from us and sell them to veterinary practices, who are the end users. Distributor purchasing dynamics may be affected by many factors and may be unrelated to underlying end-user demand for our products. As a result, fluctuations in distributors’ inventories may cause reported results in a period not to be representative of underlying end-user demand. Therefore, we believe it is important to track distributor sales to end users and to distinguish between the impact of end-user demand and the impact of distributor purchasing dynamics on reported revenue growth.
Where growth rates are affected by changes in end-user demand, we refer to the impact of practice-level sales on growth. Where growth rates are affected by distributor purchasing dynamics, we refer to the impact of changes in distributors’ inventories. If during the comparable period of the prior year, distributors’ inventories grew by more than those inventories grew in the current year, then changes in distributors’ inventories have a negative impact on our reported sales growth in the current period. Conversely, if during the comparable period of the prior year, distributors’ inventories grew by less than those inventories grew in the current year, then changes in distributors’ inventories have a positive impact on our reported sales growth in the current period.
The increase in sales of instruments and consumables was due to higher sales across all instrument and consumables product categories. Higher consumables sales were due primarily to increased volume of consumables used with the Coag Dx™ Analyzer, our blood coagulation analyzer that we began to sell in December 2007, to increased U.S. and Canada practice-level sales of cassettes used with our VetStat® Analyzer, to increased worldwide practice-level sales of tubes used with our hematology analyzers, and to higher average unit sales prices on sales of slides for use in our VetTest® chemistry analyzers. Higher instrument service revenue was due to higher volume of service contracts sold, due to increased number of units placed. Higher instrument sales were due primarily to higher volume of sales of our IDEXX VetLab® Station, an in-clinic laboratory information management system, and of sales of our Coag Dx™ Analyzer, partly offset by lower average unit prices on sales of our LaserCyte® Hematology Analyzer and IDEXX VetLab® Station, due primarily to increased promotional discounting. Sales volumes of consumables in the U.S. and Canada in the first quarter of 2007 benefited from temporary additional diagnostic testing volume related to the recall of certain pet foods in mid-March 2007. We believe that the recall resulted in a higher than usual number of pet visits to veterinary clinics in North America in the first and second quarters of 2007. We estimate that this event negatively impacted year-over-year first quarter growth in sales of consumables used in our IDEXX VetLab® Suite of analyzers by approximately 3%, and negatively impacted growth in sales of total instruments and consumables by approximately 2%. Changes in distributors’ inventory levels negatively impacted reported consumables revenue growth by 1%.

 

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The increase in sales of rapid assay products was due to both higher sales volumes and higher average unit sales prices. Increased volume was due to incremental sales of Canine SNAP® tests in Japan and increased U.S. practice-level sales of canine combination test products, such as the SNAP® 4Dx® and, to a lesser extent, the July 2007 launch of SNAP® cPL™, our test for pancreatitis in dogs. Higher volume in Japan resulted primarily from the timing of orders placed by our distributor which we anticipate will unfavorably impact the year-over-year comparison of second quarter 2008 revenue. Higher average unit sales prices were due, in part, to higher relative sales of canine combination test products and less promotional discounting in connection with our SNAP® up the Savings™ and other customer programs. We expect that the rate of end users’ conversion from canine heartworm-only tests to combination test products will slow in future periods, which will decelerate the rate of increase in average unit sales prices. The impact from changes in U.S. distributors’ inventory levels increased reported rapid assay revenue growth by 3%.
The increase in sales of laboratory and consulting services resulted primarily from acquisitions, higher testing volume and, to a lesser extent, the impact of price increases. Acquisitions of veterinary reference laboratories in Canada, the United States and Europe contributed 8% to reported laboratory and consulting services revenue growth. Higher testing volume was attributable to incremental sales to new customers, increased testing volume from existing customers and the impact of new test offerings. As discussed above, the first quarter of 2007 benefited from temporary additional diagnostic testing volume resulting from the March 2007 pet food recall. We estimate that this event negatively impacted year-over-year first quarter laboratory and consulting services revenue growth by approximately 1%.
The increase in sales of practice information management systems and digital radiography resulted primarily from higher sales volumes of companion animal radiography systems and the favorable impact of changes to the customer support pricing structure for our Cornerstone® practice information management systems, partly offset by lower sales of practice information management systems and lower average unit prices for digital radiography systems due to increased competition.
The decrease in sales of pharmaceutical products resulted primarily from lower sales volume, largely related to decreased sales of PZI VET®, our insulin product for the treatment of diabetic cats, as a result of the timing of significant orders placed by large distributors in the fourth quarter of 2007. In the second quarter of 2008, we informed customers that we will be discontinuing the PZI VET® product. At the time we had a limited inventory of product since the raw material used in the product is no longer commercially available. Substantially all of this inventory was sold in the second quarter. Consequently, sales of PZI VET® will be unusually high in the second quarter, and we will have limited or no sales of PZI VET® beyond the second quarter.
Water. Revenue for Water increased $2.4 million, or 17%, to $16.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from $14.4 million for the same period of the prior year. The increase resulted primarily from higher sales volume, partly offset by lower average unit sales prices due to both higher relative sales in geographies where products are sold at lower average unit sales prices and greater price competition in certain geographies. Higher sales volumes were attributable to the commencement in September 2007 of distribution of certain water testing kits manufactured by Invitrogen Corporation (“Invitrogen”), which increased reported Water revenue growth by 6%, as well as higher sales of our Colilert® products, used to detect total coliforms and E. coli in water. The favorable impact of currency exchange rates contributed 5% to the increase in Water revenue.
Production Animal Segment. Revenue for PAS increased $4.4 million, or 26%, to $21.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from $16.8 million for the same period of the prior year. The increase resulted primarily from higher livestock diagnostics sales volume, including sales attributable to Institut Pourquier (“Pourquier”), a manufacturer of production animal diagnostic products in France that we acquired in March 2007. Sales of Pourquier products contributed 12% to PAS revenue growth. The favorable impact of higher sales volume was partly offset by lower average unit sales prices for our post-mortem test for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (“BSE”) due to greater price competition. The favorable impact of currency exchange rates contributed 12% to the increase in PAS revenue.

 

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Other. Revenue for Other operating units increased $1.0 million, or 15%, to $7.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from $6.5 million for the same period of the prior year due primarily to incremental revenue from OPTI Medical, which was acquired in January 2007.
Gross Profit
Total Company. Gross profit increased $21.3 million, or 20%, to $129.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from $108.6 million for the same period of the prior year. As a percentage of total revenue, gross profit increased to 52% from 51%. The following table presents gross profit and gross profit percentage by operating segment:
                                                 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,  
Gross Profit           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2008     Revenue     2007     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
                                               
CAG
  $ 101,985       50.1 %   $ 86,330       49.8 %   $ 15,655       18.1 %
Water
    10,315       61.3 %     9,232       64.1 %     1,083       11.7 %
PAS
    14,233       67.3 %     10,963       65.2 %     3,270       29.8 %
Other
    3,127       41.8 %     1,914       29.4 %     1,213       63.4 %
Unallocated amounts
    176       N/A       140       N/A       36       25.7 %
 
                                         
Total Company
  $ 129,836       52.1 %   $ 108,579       51.4 %   $ 21,257       19.6 %
 
                                         
Companion Animal Group. Gross profit for CAG increased $15.7 million, or 18%, to $102.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from $86.3 million for the same period of the prior year due primarily to increased revenue across the CAG product and service lines except in the pharmaceuticals business. As a percentage of revenue, gross profit remained constant at 50%. Gross profit percentage was favorably impacted by lower cost of slides that are sold for use in our VetTest® chemistry analyzers; higher average unit sales prices on sales of our canine combination test products, including SNAP®4Dx®, and laboratory and consulting services; improved efficiency in our process relating to IDEXX VetLab® instrument service; and the favorable impact of foreign currency rates on sales denominated in those currencies, net of foreign exchange hedge contract losses and foreign currency denominated expenses. These favorable items were primarily offset by greater costs of service in the laboratory and consulting services business; greater costs of manufacturing related to IDEXX VetLab® instruments; and higher relative sales of relatively lower margin laboratory and consulting services.
Water. Gross profit for Water increased $1.1 million, or 12%, to $10.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from $9.2 million for the same period of the prior year due to higher revenue, partly offset by a decrease in the gross profit percentage to 61% from 64%. The decrease in the gross profit percentage was due primarily to discrete costs incurred as a result of discontinuing a project to qualify a second source supplier for certain products and greater relative sales of lower margin products, consisting primarily of water testing kits manufactured by Invitrogen that we began distributing in September 2007. These unfavorable impacts were partly offset by foreign currency rates on sales denominated in those currencies, net of foreign exchange hedge contract losses and foreign currency denominated expense.
Production Animal Segment. Gross profit for PAS increased $3.3 million, or 30%, to $14.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from $11.0 million for the same period of the prior year due to increased sales volume and to an increase in the gross profit percentage to 67% from 65% for the prior year. The gross profit percentage was favorably impacted by foreign currency rates on sales denominated in those currencies, net of foreign exchange hedge contract losses and foreign currency denominated expenses; net lower production costs; and greater relative sales of higher margin products, partly offset by the impact of lower gross profit on sales of Pourquier products and lower average unit sales prices. Comparatively lower production costs resulted partly from the unfavorable impact in the first quarter of 2007 of purchase accounting for inventory acquired in connection with the acquisition of Pourquier. Finished goods inventory acquired in connection with a business acquisition is assigned a fair value that exceeds replacement cost, which results in a low gross margin on the sale of those finished goods by the acquirer.
Other. Gross profit for Other operating units increased $1.2 million, or 63%, to $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from $1.9 million for the same period of the prior year due primarily to the unfavorable impact in the first quarter of 2007 of purchase accounting for inventory in connection with the acquisition of OPTI Medical. Excluding OPTI Medical, the gross profit percentage for Other operating units remained constant for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period of the prior year.

 

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Operating Expenses and Operating Income
Total Company. Total operating expenses increased $13.4 million, or 17%, to $91.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from $77.7 million for the same period of the prior year. As a percentage of revenue, operating expenses were constant at 37%.
Operating income increased $7.8 million, or 25%, to $38.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from $30.9 million for the same period of the prior year. As a percentage of revenue, operating income increased to 16% from 15%.
The following tables present operating expenses and operating income by operating segment:
                                                 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,  
Operating Expenses           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2008     Revenue     2007     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
                                               
CAG
  $ 72,430       35.6 %   $ 62,745       36.2 %   $ 9,685       15.4 %
Water
    4,045       24.1 %     3,590       24.9 %     455       12.7 %
PAS
    8,405       39.7 %     6,998       41.6 %     1,407       20.1 %
Other
    3,316       44.3 %     2,327       35.8 %     989       42.5 %
Unallocated amounts
    2,921       N/A       2,042       N/A       879       43.0 %
 
                                         
Total Company
  $ 91,117       36.6 %   $ 77,702       36.8 %   $ 13,415       17.3 %
 
                                         
                                                 
Operating Income           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2008     Revenue     2007     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
                                               
CAG
  $ 29,555       14.5 %   $ 23,585       13.6 %   $ 5,970       25.3 %
Water
    6,270       37.3 %     5,642       39.2 %     628       11.1 %
PAS
    5,828       27.5 %     3,965       23.6 %     1,863       47.0 %
Other
    (189 )     (2.5 %)     (413 )     (6.4 %)     224       54.2 %
Unallocated amounts
    (2,745 )     N/A       (1,902 )     N/A       (843 )     (44.3 %)
 
                                         
Total Company
  $ 38,719       15.5 %   $ 30,877       14.6 %   $ 7,842       25.4 %
 
                                         
Companion Animal Group. Operating expenses for CAG increased $9.7 million, or 15%, to $72.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from $62.7 million for the same period of the prior year and, as a percentage of revenue, were constant at 36%. The following table presents CAG operating expenses by functional area:
                                                 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,  
Operating Expenses           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2008     Revenue     2007     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
                                               
Sales and marketing
  $ 37,299       18.3 %   $ 30,833       17.8 %   $ 6,466       21.0 %
General and administrative
    23,888       11.7 %     20,786       12.0 %     3,102       14.9 %
Research and development
    11,243       5.5 %     11,126       6.4 %     117       1.1 %
Total operating expenses
  $ 72,430       35.6 %   $ 62,745       36.2 %   $ 9,685       15.4 %
 
                                         
The increase in sales and marketing expense resulted primarily from higher personnel and personnel-related costs due, in part, to expanded worldwide sales and marketing and the addition of customer service support resources. To a lesser extent, the impact of exchange rates on foreign currency denominated expenses and incremental spending on customer support related information technology initiatives also contributed to the increase in sales and marketing expense.
The increase in general and administrative expense resulted primarily from higher personnel costs due, in part, to expanded resources and spending on information technology and other general support functions and, to a lesser extent, the unfavorable impact of exchange rates on foreign currency denominated expenses and incremental expenses associated with businesses acquired subsequent to January 1, 2007, comprised mainly of administrative expenses of a recurring nature to support the acquired businesses and amortization expense for intangible assets acquired. These increases were partly offset by transaction gains realized upon settlement of foreign currency denominated liabilities and, to a lesser extent, by decreased related spending for facilities support.

 

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The increase in research and development expense resulted primarily from higher personnel costs due, in part, to incremental new product and technology development initiatives and product enhancement efforts related primarily to IDEXX VetLab® instrumentation, rapid assay, and digital radiography products. These increases were largely offset by a net decrease in new product development spending as we completed development of our next-generation chemistry analyzer, Catalyst Dx™, and our new quantitative immunoassay platform, SNAPshot Dx™, both of which began customer shipments at the end of the quarter, as well as lower external consulting costs incurred in our pharmaceuticals business.
Water. Operating expenses for Water increased $0.5 million, or 13%, to $4.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from $3.6 million for the same period of the prior year and, as a percentage of revenue, decreased to 24% from 25%. The following table presents Water expenses by functional area:
                                                 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,  
 
Operating Expenses           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2008     Revenue     2007     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
                                               
Sales and marketing
  $ 1,999       11.9 %   $ 1,560       10.8 %   $ 439       28.1 %
General and administrative
    1,493       8.9 %     1,391       9.7 %     102       7.3 %
Research and development
    553       3.3 %     639       4.4 %     (86 )     (13.5 %)
 
                                         
Total operating expenses
  $ 4,045       24.1 %   $ 3,590       24.9 %   $ 455       12.7 %
 
                                         
The increase in sales and marketing expense resulted primarily from higher personnel and personnel-related costs due, in part, to expanded headcount, incremental costs incurred for commissions and travel and, to a lesser extent, the impact of exchange rates on foreign currency denominated expenses. The increase in general and administrative expense resulted primarily from increased professional fees. The decrease in research and development expense is due primarily to the absence in 2008 of higher costs incurred during the first quarter of 2007 associated with support of new product development initiatives and costs incurred in 2007 related to identification of alternative raw material suppliers.
Production Animal Segment. Operating expenses for PAS increased $1.4 million, or 20%, to $8.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from $7.0 million for the same period of the prior year and, as a percentage of revenue, decreased to 40% from 42%. The following table presents PAS operating expenses by functional area:
                                                 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,  
 
Operating Expenses           Percent of             Percent of     Dollar     Percentage  
(dollars in thousands)   2008     Revenue     2007     Revenue     Change     Change  
 
                                               
Sales and marketing
  $ 3,398       16.1 %   $ 2,384       14.2 %   $ 1,014       42.5 %
General and administrative
    3,126       14.8 %     2,834       16.9 %     292       10.3 %
Research and development
    1,881       8.9 %     1,780       10.6 %     101       5.7 %
 
                                         
Total operating expenses
  $ 8,405       39.7 %   $ 6,998       41.6 %   $ 1,407       20.1 %
 
                                         
The increase in sales and marketing expense resulted primarily from higher personnel and personnel-related costs, the impact of exchange rates on foreign currency denominated expenses and, to a lesser extent, incremental activities associated with the Pourquier business, which was acquired in March 2007. The increase in general and administrative expense associated with the Pourquier business is comprised mainly of administrative expenses of a recurring nature to support the acquired business and amortization expense for intangible assets. These increases were partly offset by a decrease in professional fees and net favorable spending on general support functions. The increase in research and development expense resulted primarily from incremental costs attributable to the Pourquier business and higher personnel costs, partly offset by a decrease in professional fees.

 

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Other. Operating expenses for Other operating units increased $1.0 million to $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from $2.3 million for the same period of the prior year due primarily to incremental expenses attributable to OPTI Medical, which was acquired in January 2007. These costs are mainly composed of operating expenses of a recurring nature to support the OPTI Medical business and amortization expense for intangible assets acquired.
Unallocated Amounts. Operating expenses that are not allocated to our operating segments increased $0.9 million to $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from $2.0 million for the same period of the prior year. The increase in unallocated amounts resulted primarily from corporate research and development expense due to personnel additions in 2008 to support increased long-term product development activities.
Interest Income and Interest Expense
Interest income was $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to $0.7 million for the same period of the prior year. The decrease in interest income was due primarily to lower invested cash balances.
Interest expense was $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to $0.6 million for the same period of the prior year. The increase in interest expense was due primarily to interest expense incurred on incremental borrowings under a revolving credit facility.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rates were 27.9% and 32.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2008 as compared with the three months ended March 31, 2007 relates primarily to a reduction in international deferred tax liabilities due to a recent change in the statutory tax rates for a jurisdiction in which we operate. This non-recurring benefit of approximately $1.5 million reduced our effective income tax rate for the quarter by 3.9%. This favorable item was partly offset by federal research and development tax incentives that were not available for the three months ended March 31, 2008 because of an expiration of the law.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
A discussion of recent accounting pronouncements is included in Note 2(r) to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 and in Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
We fund the capital needs of our business through cash on hand, funds generated from operations, and amounts available under our credit facilities. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had $60.2 million and $60.4 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents, and working capital of $57.5 million and $82.3 million, respectively. Additionally, at March 31, 2008, we had remaining borrowing availability under our revolving credit facility of $60.1 million. We believe that current cash and cash equivalents, funds generated from operations, and amounts available under our credit facilities will be sufficient to fund our operations, capital purchase requirements, and strategic growth needs. We further believe that we could obtain additional borrowings at customary interest rates to fund our growth objectives. The extent and timing of acquisition-related spending and repurchases of our common stock could cause variations in our liquidity and leverage levels.

 

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We consider the operating earnings of certain non-United States subsidiaries to be indefinitely invested outside the U.S. Changes to this policy could have adverse tax consequences. Subject to this policy, we manage our worldwide cash requirements considering available funds among all of our subsidiaries. Foreign cash balances are generally available without legal restrictions to fund ordinary business operations outside the U.S.
The following table presents additional key information concerning working capital:
                 
    For the Three Months Ended  
    March 31,     December 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
               
Days sales outstanding
    42.6       39.4  
Inventory turns
    2.0       2.3  
Sources and Uses of Cash
Cash used by operating activities was $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared to cash used by operating activities of $1.8 million for the same period in 2007. The total of net income and net non-cash charges was $38.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared to $27.8 million for the same period in 2007.
We historically have experienced proportionally lower or net negative cash flows from operating activities during the first quarter and net positive cash flows from operating activities for the remainder of the year and for the annual period. Several factors contribute to the seasonal fluctuations in cash flows generated by operating activities, including the following:
    In the U.S., we pay our final income tax payments for each fiscal year on March 15th of the following year, in addition to paying our first quarter payment for the current fiscal year. Our method of depositing estimated taxes typically delays a portion of the payment relating to the preceding year until this final payment date and, as a result, tax payments are higher in the first quarter of each year. Due to changes in federal tax law, we believe this will be less significant in future periods.
 
    We have management and non-management employee incentive programs that provide for the payment of annual bonuses in the first quarter following the year for which the bonuses were earned.
 
    We have agreements with certain suppliers that require us to make minimum annual inventory purchases, in some cases in order to retain exclusive distribution rights, and we have other agreements with suppliers that provide for lower pricing based on annual purchase volumes. We may place a higher volume of purchase orders for inventory during the fourth quarter in order to meet our minimum commitments or realize volume pricing discounts and we receive that inventory in the fourth or first quarters and pay in the first quarter. The specific facts and circumstances that we consider in determining the timing and level of inventory purchases throughout the year related to these agreements may yield inconsistent cash flows from operations, most typically in the first and fourth quarters. For the first quarter of 2008, net negative cash flows were not significantly impacted by the timing of payments for inventory.
During the three months ended March 31, 2008, cash decreased by $41.6 million due to changes in operating assets and liabilities, compared to a decrease in the same period of 2007 of $29.6 million, resulting in a year-to-year change of $12.0 million. The increase in cash used by changes in operating assets and liabilities, compared to 2007, was primarily attributable to $15.2 million incremental cash used by changes in accounts payable and accrued expenses. In the first quarter of 2008 we received fewer shipments of VetTest® slide inventory from our supplier when compared to the same period of 2007 which resulted in an unusually large decrease in our payables during the three months ended March 31, 2008. The increase in cash used by accrued expenses was primarily due to incremental increases in cash payments related to employee incentive bonuses.
Cash used by investing activities was $24.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared to cash used of $56.0 million for the same period of 2007. The decrease in cash used by investing activities for 2008, compared to 2007, was due to $72.8 million less cash used for business acquisitions and purchases of other assets not comprising businesses, which are described below, partly offset by incremental purchases of property and equipment of $6.6 million, which are described below, and lower net proceeds provided by maturities of short-term investments of $35.0 million.

 

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We paid $6.8 million and assumed liabilities of $0.1 million to acquire businesses and certain intangible assets that did not comprise businesses during the three months ended March 31, 2008. We also made purchase price payments of $0.7 million related to the achievement of milestones achieved by certain businesses acquired in prior years. In January 2008, we acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of VetLab Laboratorio Veterinario de Referencia, S.L. (“VetLab S.L.”). With operations in Barcelona, Spain, Vetlab S.L. is a provider of reference laboratory testing services to veterinarians. We also acquired certain intellectual property and distribution rights associated with a diagnostic test product during the three months ended March 31, 2008. We paid $79.2 million and assumed liabilities of $18.0 million, including $8.2 million of deferred tax liabilities associated with purchase accounting to acquire businesses and certain intangible assets that did not comprise businesses during the three months ended March 31, 2007. We also made $1.1 million in purchase payments associated with business acquisitions that closed in prior periods during the three months ended March 31, 2007.
We paid $17.0 million to purchase fixed assets and $0.2 million to acquire rental instruments sold under recourse during the three months ended March 31, 2008. Our total capital expenditure plan for 2008 is approximately $100 million, which includes approximately $40 million for the renovation and expansion of our headquarters facility in Westbrook, Maine. Our 2008 capital expenditure plan has decreased from the level reported as part of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 due to lower anticipated spending on our headquarters facility.
On March 30, 2007, we entered into an unsecured revolving credit facility with a group of multinational banks in the principal amount of $125.0 million that matures on March 30, 2012 (the “Credit Facility”). In February 2008, we increased the aggregate principal amount available under this facility to $200.0 million. The Credit Facility may be used for general corporate purposes, including business acquisitions and repurchases of our common stock. The applicable interest rates generally range from 0.375% to 0.875% above the London interbank rate or the Canadian Dollar-denominated bankers’ acceptance rate, dependent on our leverage ratio. Under the Credit Facility, we pay quarterly commitment fees of 0.08% to 0.20%, dependent on our leverage ratio, on any unused commitment. The Credit Facility contains financial and other affirmative and negative covenants, as well as customary events of default, that would allow any amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility to be accelerated, or restrict our ability to borrow thereunder, in the event of noncompliance. The financial covenant requires our ratio of debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, as defined by the agreement, not to exceed 3-to-1. At March 31, 2008 we were in compliance with the covenants of the Credit Facility. At March 31, 2008, we had $139.9 million outstanding under the Credit Facility, of which $6.9 million was borrowed by our Canadian subsidiary and denominated in Canadian dollars. Year-over-year the total amount outstanding under our Credit Facility has increased by approximately $65 million. Cash received from borrowings was primarily used to fund acquisitions and repurchase shares of our common stock.
The board of directors has authorized the repurchase of up to 40,000,000 shares of our common stock in the open market or in negotiated transactions. From the inception of the program in August 1999 to March 31, 2008, we repurchased 34,098,000 shares. Cash used to repurchase shares in the first quarter of 2008 and 2007 was $51.4 million and $34.4 million, respectively. We believe that the repurchase of our common stock is a favorable investment and we also repurchase to offset the dilutive effect of our employee share-based compensation programs. Repurchases of our common stock may vary depending upon the level of other investing activities and the share price. See Note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for additional information about our share repurchases.
Other Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees
Significant commitments, contingencies and guarantees at March 31, 2008 are consistent with those discussed in the section captioned “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources,” and in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, except as described below and in Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.
We have amounts committed under open purchase orders of $67.1 million at April 21, 2008. These purchase orders relate to goods or services to be received over the next twelve months.
We have commitments outstanding at March 31, 2008 for additional purchase price payments of up to $8.6 million in connection with acquisitions of businesses and intangible assets during the current and prior periods, of which $8.3 million is contingent on the achievement by certain acquired businesses of specified milestones.

 

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our financial market risk consists primarily of foreign currency exchange rate risk. We operate subsidiaries in 17 foreign countries and transact business in local currencies. We attempt to hedge the majority of our cash flow on intercompany sales to minimize foreign currency exposure.
Our hedging strategy is consistent with prior periods and there were no material changes in our market risk exposure during the three months ended March 31, 2008. We enter into currency exchange contracts for amounts that are less than the full value of forecasted intercompany sales and for amounts that are equivalent to, or less than, other specific, significant transactions, thus no significant ineffectiveness has resulted or been recorded through the statements of operations. Our hedging strategy related to intercompany inventory purchases provides that we employ the full amount of our hedges for the succeeding year at the conclusion of our budgeting process for that year, which is complete by the end of the preceding year. Quarterly, we enter into contracts to hedge incremental portions of anticipated foreign currency transactions for the following year. Accordingly, our risk with respect to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations may vary throughout each annual cycle. At March 31, 2008, we had $2.6 million in net unrealized losses on foreign exchange contracts designated as hedges recorded in other comprehensive income, which is net of $1.2 million in taxes.
For quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk affecting IDEXX, see Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007. As of the date of this report, there have been no material changes to the market risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for December 31, 2007.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures, as defined by the SEC in its Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures at March 31, 2008, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to achieve their stated purpose.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31, 2008 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
On June 30, 2006, Cyntegra, Inc. filed suit against us in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California alleging that we had violated U.S. federal antitrust laws and California state unfair trade practices laws. The complaint alleged, among other things, that we were monopolizing the U.S. market for companion animal diagnostic products. On October 26, 2007 the court granted summary judgment in our favor on all of Cyntegra’s claims and dismissed the suit. Cyntegra has appealed this decision. We will continue to defend ourselves vigorously, as we believe Cyntegra’s claims are without merit.

 

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Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our future operating results involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual events or results may differ materially from those discussed in this report. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, the factors discussed below, as well as those discussed elsewhere in this report.
Our Failure to Successfully Execute Certain Strategies Could Have a Negative Impact on Our Growth and Profitability
The companion animal health care industry is very competitive and we anticipate increased competition from both existing competitors and new market entrants. Our ability to maintain or enhance our historical growth rates and our profitability depends on our successful execution of many elements of our strategy, which include:
    Developing, manufacturing and marketing innovative new in-house laboratory analyzers such as Catalyst Dx™ and SNAPshot Dx™ that drive sales of IDEXX VetLab® instruments, grow our installed base of instruments, and create a recurring revenue stream from consumable products;
 
    Developing and introducing new proprietary rapid assay and other diagnostic tests and services that effectively differentiate our products and services from those of our competitors;
 
    Achieving the benefits of economies of scale in our worldwide reference laboratory business;
 
    Increasing the value to our customers of our companion animal products and services by enhancing the integration of these products;
 
    Growing our market share by strengthening our sales and marketing activities both within the U.S. and in geographies outside of the U.S.; and
 
    Developing and implementing new technology and licensing strategies; and identifying, completing and integrating acquisitions that enhance our existing businesses or create new business or geographic areas for us.
We may not be able to successfully implement some or all of these strategies and increase or sustain our rate of growth or profitability.
Our Dependence on a Limited Number of Suppliers Could Limit Our Ability to Sell Certain Products or Reduce Our Profitability
We currently purchase many products and materials from single sources or a limited number of sources. Some of the products that we purchase from these sources are proprietary, and, therefore, cannot be readily or easily replaced by alternative sources. These products include our VetAutoread™ hematology, VetLyte® electrolyte, IDEXX VetLab® UA™ urinalysis, VetTest® chemistry, and Coag Dx™ blood coagulation analyzers and related consumables and accessories; image capture plates used in our digital radiography systems; active ingredients for pharmaceutical products; and certain components and raw materials used in our SNAP® rapid assay devices, water testing products and LaserCyte® hematology analyzers. If we are unable to obtain adequate quantities of these products in the future, we could face cost increases or reductions, or delays or discontinuations in product shipments, which could result in our inability to supply the market, which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our Biologic Products Are Complex and Difficult to Manufacture, Which Could Negatively Affect Our Ability to Supply the Market
Many of our rapid assay and production animal diagnostic products are biologics, which are products that are comprised of materials from living organisms, such as antibodies, cells and sera. Manufacturing biologic products is highly complex. Unlike products that rely on chemicals for efficacy (such as most pharmaceuticals), biologics are difficult to characterize due to the inherent variability of biological input materials. Difficulty in characterizing biological materials or their interactions creates greater risk in the manufacturing process. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain adequate sources of biological materials or that biological materials that we maintain in inventory will yield finished products that satisfy applicable product release criteria. Our inability to produce or obtain necessary biological materials or to successfully manufacture biologic products that incorporate such materials could result in our inability to supply the market with these products, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

 

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Various Government Regulations Could Limit or Delay Our Ability to Market and Sell Our Products
In the U.S., the manufacture and sale of our products are regulated by agencies such as the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”). Most diagnostic tests for animal health applications, including our canine, feline, poultry and livestock tests, must be approved by the USDA prior to sale in the U.S. Our water testing products must be approved by the EPA before they can be used by customers in the U.S. as a part of a water quality monitoring program required by the EPA. Our pharmaceutical and dairy testing products require approval by the FDA. The manufacture and sale of our OPTI® line of human point-of-care electrolytes and blood gas analyzers are regulated by the FDA and require approval by the FDA before they may be sold commercially in the U.S. The manufacture and sale of our products are subject to similar laws in many foreign countries. Any failure to comply with legal and regulatory requirements relating to the manufacture and sale of our products in the U.S. or in other countries could result in fines and sanctions against us or removals of our products from the market, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our Success Is Heavily Dependent Upon Our Proprietary Technologies
We rely on a combination of patent, trade secret, trademark and copyright laws to protect our proprietary rights. If we do not have adequate protection of our proprietary rights, our business may be affected by competitors who utilize substantially equivalent technologies that compete with us.
We cannot ensure that we will obtain issued patents, that any patents issued or licensed to us will remain valid, or that any patents owned or licensed by us will provide protection against competitors with similar technologies. Even if our patents cover products sold by our competitors, the time and expense of litigating to enforce our patent rights could be substantial, and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, expiration of patent rights could result in substantial new competition in the markets for products previously covered by those patent rights. In this regard, we expect that revenues and profit margins associated with sales of our SNAP® FIV/FeLV tests are likely to decline following the expiration in June 2009 of a U.S. patent that we exclusively license that broadly covers products that diagnose feline immunodeficiency virus.
In the past, we have received notices claiming that our products infringe third-party patents and we may receive such notices in the future. Patent litigation is complex and expensive, and the outcome of patent litigation can be difficult to predict. We cannot ensure that we will win a patent litigation case or negotiate an acceptable resolution of such a case. If we lose, we may be stopped from selling certain products and/or we may be required to pay damages and/or ongoing royalties as a result of the lawsuit. Any such adverse result could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Distributor Purchasing Patterns Could Negatively Affect Our Operating Results
We sell many of our products, including substantially all of the rapid assays and instrument consumables sold in the U.S., through distributors. Distributor purchasing patterns can be unpredictable and may be influenced by factors unrelated to the end-user demand for our products. In addition, our agreements with distributors may generally be terminated by the distributors for any reason on 60 days notice. Because significant product sales are made to a limited number of distributors, the loss of a distributor or unanticipated changes in the frequency, timing or size of distributor purchases, could have a negative effect on our results of operations. Our financial performance, therefore, is subject to an unexpected downturn in product demand and may be unpredictable.
Distributors of veterinary products have entered into business combinations resulting in fewer distribution companies. Consolidation within distribution channels would increase our customer concentration level, which could increase the risks described in the preceding paragraph.
Increased Competition and Technological Advances by Our Competitors Could Negatively Affect Our Operating Results
We face intense competition within the markets in which we sell our products and services. We expect that future competition will become even more intense, and that we will have to compete with changing and improving technologies. Competitors may develop products that that are superior to our products, and as a result, we may lose existing customers and market share. Some of our competitors and potential competitors, including large human pharmaceutical and diagnostic companies, have substantially greater financial resources than us, and greater experience in manufacturing, marketing, research and development, obtaining regulatory approvals and conducting clinical trials than we do.

 

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Changes in Testing Could Negatively Affect Our Operating Results
The market for our companion and production animal diagnostic tests and our dairy and water testing products could be negatively impacted by a number of factors. The introduction or broad market acceptance of vaccines or preventatives for the diseases and conditions for which we sell diagnostic tests and services could result in a decline in testing. Changes in accepted medical protocols regarding the diagnosis of certain diseases and conditions could have a similar effect. Eradication or substantial declines in the prevalence of certain diseases also could lead to a decline in diagnostic testing for such diseases. Our production animal products business in particular is subject to fluctuations resulting from changes in disease prevalence. In addition, changes in government regulations could negatively affect sales of our products that are driven by compliance testing, such as our dairy and water products. Declines in testing for any of the reasons described could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
On December 29, 2006, the Drinking Water Inspectorate in the U.K. published a proposal to discontinue the regulation that requires testing water supplies for Cryptosporidium. Subsequently, regulatory changes were approved and will become effective January 1, 2009. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2008, we believe that we may lose a substantial portion of our sales of Filta-Max® products in England and Wales, which were $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Consolidation of Veterinary Hospitals Could Negatively Affect Our Business
An increasing percentage of veterinary hospitals in the U.S. is owned by corporations that are in the business of acquiring veterinary hospitals and/or opening new veterinary hospitals nationally or regionally. Major corporate hospital owners in the U.S. include VCA Antech, Inc., National Veterinary Associates, and Banfield, The Pet Hospital, each of which is currently a customer of IDEXX. A similar trend exists in the U.K. and may in the future also develop in other countries. Corporate owners of veterinary hospitals could attempt to improve profitability by leveraging the buying power they derive from their scale to obtain favorable pricing from suppliers, which could have a negative impact on our results. In addition, certain corporate owners, most notably VCA Antech, our primary competitor in the U.S. market for reference laboratory services, also operate reference laboratories that serve both their hospitals and unaffiliated hospitals. Any hospitals acquired by these companies are likely to use their laboratory services almost exclusively. In addition, because these companies compete with us in the laboratory services business, hospitals acquired by these companies may cease to be customers or potential customers of our other companion animal products and services, which would cause our sales of these products and services to decline.
A Weak Economy Could Have a Negative Impact on Our Business
While our companion animal business historically has demonstrated resistance to the effects of economic downturns, particularly deep or long economic weakness in our significant markets could cause pet owners to skip or defer visits to veterinary hospitals or could affect their willingness to treat certain pet health conditions. A decline in pet visits to the hospital or in the willingness of pet owners to treat certain health conditions could result in a decrease in diagnostic testing, and therefore in our sales of diagnostic products and services.
Our Inexperience in the Human Point-of-Care Market Could Inhibit Our Success in this Market
Upon acquiring the Critical Care Division of Osmetech plc in January 2007, we entered the human point-of-care medical diagnostics market for the first time with the sale of the OPTI® line of electrolyte and blood gas analyzers. The human point-of-care medical diagnostics market differs in many respects from the veterinary medical market. Significant differences include the impact of third party reimbursement on diagnostic testing, more extensive regulation, greater product liability risks, larger competitors, a more segmented customer base, and more rapid technological innovation. Our inexperience in the human point-of-care medical diagnostics market could negatively affect our ability to successfully manage the risks and features of this market that differ from the veterinary medical market. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in achieving growth and profitability in the human point-of-care medical diagnostics market comparable to the results we have achieved in the veterinary medical market.

 

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Risks Associated with Doing Business Internationally Could Negatively Affect Our Operating Results
For the three months ended March 31, 2008, 41% of our revenue was attributable to sales of products and services to customers outside the U.S. Various risks associated with foreign operations may impact our international sales. Possible risks include fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies, disruptions in transportation of our products, the differing product and service needs of foreign customers, difficulties in building and managing foreign operations, import/export duties and quotas, and unexpected regulatory, economic or political changes in foreign markets. Prices that we charge to foreign customers may be different than the prices we charge for the same products in the U.S. due to competitive, market or other factors. As a result, the mix of domestic and international sales in a particular period could have a material impact on our results for that period. In addition, many of the products for which our selling price may be denominated in foreign currencies are manufactured, sourced, or both, in the U.S. and our costs are incurred in U.S. dollars. We utilize non-speculative forward currency exchange contracts and natural hedges to mitigate foreign currency exposure. However, an appreciation of the U.S. dollar relative to the foreign currencies in which we sell these products would reduce our operating margins.
The Loss of Our President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman Could Adversely Affect Our Business
We rely on the management and leadership of Jonathan W. Ayers, our President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman. We do not maintain key man life insurance coverage for Mr. Ayers. The loss of Mr. Ayers could have a material adverse impact on our business.
We Could Be Subject to Class Action Litigation Due to Stock Price Volatility, which, if it Occurs, Could Result in Substantial Costs or Large Judgments Against Us
The market for our common stock may experience extreme price and volume fluctuations, which may be unrelated or disproportionate to our operating performance or prospects. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market prices of their securities. We may be the target of similar litigation in the future. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources, which could have a negative effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
If Our Quarterly Results of Operations Fluctuate, This Fluctuation May Cause Our Stock Price to Decline, Resulting in Losses to You
Our prior operating results have fluctuated due to a number of factors, including seasonality of certain product lines; changes in our accounting estimates; the impact of acquisitions; timing of distributor purchases, product launches, operating expenditures, litigation and claim-related expenditures; changes in competitors’ product offerings; and other matters. Similarly, our future operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter due to these and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. If our operating results or projections of future operating results do not meet the expectations of market analysts or investors in future periods, our stock price may fall.
Future Operating Results Could Be Negatively Affected By the Resolution of Various Uncertain Tax Positions and by Potential Changes to Tax Incentives
In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. We periodically assess our exposures related to our worldwide provision for income taxes and believe that we have appropriately accrued taxes for contingencies. Any reduction of these contingent liabilities or additional assessment would increase or decrease income, respectively, in the period such determination was made. Our income tax filings are regularly under audit by tax authorities and the final determination of tax audits could be materially different than that which is reflected in historical income tax provisions and accruals. Additionally, we benefit from certain tax incentives offered by various jurisdictions. If we are unable to meet the requirements of such incentives, our inability to use these benefits could have a material negative effect on future earnings.

 

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
During the three months ended March 31, 2008, we repurchased common shares as described below:
                                 
                    Total Number of        
                    Shares Purchased as     Maximum Number of  
                    Part of Publicly     Shares that May Yet Be  
    Total Number of     Average Price     Announced Plans or     Purchased Under the  
    Shares Purchased     Paid per Share     Programs     Plans or Programs  
Period   (a)     (b)     (c)     (d)  
 
                               
January 1 to January 31, 2008
    178,331     $ 57.76       178,331       6,673,923  
February 1 to February 29, 2008
    309,629       55.99       286,900       6,387,023  
March 1 to March 31, 2008
    485,240       51.55       485,240       5,901,783  
 
                           
Total
    973,200     $ 54.10       950,471       5,901,783  
 
                           
Our board of directors has approved the repurchase of up to 40,000,000 shares of our common stock in the open market or in negotiated transactions. The plan was approved and announced on August 13, 1999, and subsequently amended on October 4, 1999, November 16, 1999, July 21, 2000, October 20, 2003, October 12, 2004, October 12, 2005, February 14, 2007, and February 13, 2008 and does not have a specified expiration date. There were no other repurchase plans outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2008, and no repurchase plans expired during the period. Repurchases of 950,471 shares were made during the three months ended March 31, 2008 in open market transactions.
During the three months ended March 31, 2008, we received 22,729 shares of our common stock that were surrendered by employees in payment for the minimum required withholding taxes due on the vesting of restricted stock units. In the above table, these shares are included in columns (a) and (b), but excluded from columns (c) and (d). These shares do not reduce the number of shares that may yet be purchased under the repurchase plan.

 

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Item 6. Exhibits
(a) Exhibits
         
  31.1    
Certification by Chief Executive Officer.
       
 
  31.2    
Certification by Corporate Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer.
       
 
  32.1    
Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
       
 
  32.2    
Certification by Corporate Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
         
  IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC.
 
 
  /s/ Merilee Raines    
Date: April 25, 2008  Merilee Raines   
  Corporate Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and
Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) 
 
 

 

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Exhibit Index
         
Exhibit No.   Description
       
 
  31.1    
Certification by Chief Executive Officer.
       
 
  31.2    
Certification by Corporate Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer.
       
 
  32.1    
Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
       
 
  32.2    
Certification by Corporate Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.