UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

(Amendment No.    )

Filed by the Registrant   ☒                            Filed by a Party other than the Registrant  ☐

Check the appropriate box:

RED HAT, INC.

(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)

N/A

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):

MERGER PROPOSAL — YOUR VOTE IS VERY IMPORTANT

December 12, 2018

Dear Red Hat Stockholders,

It is my pleasure to invite you to a special meeting of stockholders, which we refer to as the special meeting, of Red Hat, Inc., which we refer to as Red Hat, to be held at 100 East Davie Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27601 on January 16, 2019, at 9:00 a.m., Eastern time. I hope that you will be able to attend.

At the special meeting, you will be asked to consider and vote on a proposal to adopt the Agreement and Plan of Merger (as it may be amended from time to time), dated as of October 28, 2018, which we refer to as the merger agreement, by and among Red Hat, International Business Machines Corporation, which we refer to as IBM, and Socrates Acquisition Corp., which we refer to as Sub, a wholly-owned subsidiary of IBM. Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, Sub will merge with and into Red Hat, with Red Hat surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of IBM, which we refer to as the merger. You also will be asked to consider and vote on (i) a proposal to approve, by means of a non-binding, advisory vote, compensation that will or may become payable to the named executive officers of Red Hat in connection with the merger and (ii) a proposal to approve one or more adjournments of the special meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the then-scheduled date and time of the special meeting.

If the merger is completed, you will be entitled to receive $190.00 in cash, without interest, for each share of our common stock, par value $0.0001, which we refer to as Red Hat common stock, you own (unless you have properly exercised your appraisal rights with respect to such shares), which represents a premium of (i) approximately 62.8% to Red Hat’s closing stock price on October 26, 2018, the last trading day prior to the announcement of the merger, (ii) approximately 51.7% to the volume weighted average stock price of Red Hat common stock during the 30 days ended October 26, 2018 and (iii) approximately 7.8% to the highest closing stock price of Red Hat common stock during the 52-week period ended October 26, 2018.

The receipt of cash in exchange for shares of Red Hat common stock pursuant to the merger will generally be a taxable transaction to “U.S. holders” (as defined in the accompanying proxy statement) for United States federal income tax purposes. For a more complete description, see the section entitled “Proposal 1: Adoption of the Merger Agreement — The Merger — U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger” beginning on page 79 of the accompanying proxy statement.

The Red Hat Board of Directors, after considering the reasons more fully described in this proxy statement and after consultation with independent legal and financial advisors, unanimously determined that the terms of the merger agreement, the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement are fair to and in the best interests of Red Hat and its stockholders, and adopted, approved and declared advisable the execution, delivery and performance of the merger agreement, the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement. The Red Hat Board of Directors recommends that you vote:

The enclosed proxy statement provides detailed information about the special meeting, the merger agreement and the merger. A copy of the merger agreement is attached as Annex A to the proxy statement. The proxy statement also describes the actions and determinations of our Board of Directors in connection with its evaluation of the merger agreement and the merger. We encourage you to read the proxy statement and its annexes, including the merger agreement, carefully and in their entirety. You may also obtain more information about Red Hat from documents we file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, which we refer to as the SEC, from time to time.

Whether or not you plan to attend the special meeting in person, please complete, sign, date and return, as promptly as possible, the enclosed proxy card in the accompanying prepaid reply envelope or grant your proxy electronically over the Internet or by telephone. If you attend the special meeting and vote in person by ballot, your vote will revoke any proxy that you have previously submitted. If you hold your shares in “street name,” you should instruct your broker, bank or other nominee how to vote in accordance with the voting instruction form you will receive from your broker, bank or other nominee.

Your vote is very important, regardless of the number of shares that you own. We cannot complete the merger unless the proposal to adopt the merger agreement is approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of Red Hat common stock outstanding and entitled to vote thereon. The failure of any stockholder to vote in person by ballot at the special meeting, to submit a signed proxy card or to grant a proxy electronically over the Internet or by telephone will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the proposal to adopt the merger agreement. If you hold your shares in “street name,” the failure to instruct your broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote your shares will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the proposal to adopt the merger agreement.

If you have any questions or need assistance voting your shares of Red Hat common stock, please contact Innisfree M&A Incorporated, our proxy solicitor, by calling (888) 750-5835 toll-free.

On behalf of our Board of Directors, I thank you for your support and appreciate your consideration of this matter.

Neither the SEC nor any state securities regulatory agency has approved or disapproved of the transactions described in this document, including the merger, or determined if the information contained in this document is accurate or adequate. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The accompanying proxy statement is dated December 12, 2018 and, together with the enclosed form of proxy card, is first being mailed to Red Hat stockholders on or about December 13, 2018.

NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

TO BE HELD ON JANUARY 16, 2019

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that a special meeting of stockholders, which we refer to as the special meeting, of Red Hat, Inc., which we refer to as Red Hat, will be held:

YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT

WHETHER OR NOT YOU PLAN TO ATTEND THE SPECIAL MEETING, WE URGE YOU TO VOTE YOUR SHARES VIA THE TOLL-FREE TELEPHONE NUMBER OR OVER THE INTERNET AS DESCRIBED IN THE PROXY MATERIALS. YOU MAY ALSO SIGN, DATE AND MAIL THE PROXY CARD IN THE PRE-PAID ENVELOPE PROVIDED. You may revoke your proxy or change your vote at any time before the special meeting. If your shares are held in the name of a broker, bank or other nominee, please follow the instructions on the voting instruction card furnished to you by such broker, bank or other nominee, which is considered the stockholder of record, in order to vote. As a beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote the shares in your account. Your broker, bank or other nominee cannot vote on any of the proposals, including the proposal to adopt the merger agreement, without your instructions.

If you fail to return your proxy card, to grant your proxy electronically over the Internet or by telephone, or to vote by ballot in person at the special meeting, your shares will not be counted for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present at the special meeting. If you are a stockholder of record, voting in person by ballot at the special meeting will revoke any proxy that you previously submitted. If you hold your shares through a broker, bank or other nominee, you must obtain from the record holder a valid proxy issued in your name in order to vote in person at the special meeting.

We encourage you to read the accompanying proxy statement, including all documents incorporated by reference into the accompanying proxy statement, and annexes to the accompanying proxy statement, carefully and in their entirety. If you have any questions concerning the merger, the special meeting or the accompanying proxy statement, would like additional copies of the accompanying proxy statement or need help voting your shares of common stock, please contact our proxy solicitor:

Innisfree M&A Incorporated

501 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor

New York, New York 10022

Toll-free: (888) 750-5835

Banks & Brokers may call collect: (212) 750-5833

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

The following questions and answers are intended to address some commonly asked questions regarding the merger, the merger agreement and the special meeting. These questions and answers may not address all questions that may be important to you as a Red Hat stockholder. We encourage you to read carefully the more detailed information contained elsewhere in this proxy statement, the annexes to this proxy statement (including the merger agreement), and the documents we incorporate by reference in this proxy statement. You may obtain the documents and information incorporated by reference in this proxy statement without charge by following the instructions under the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” beginning on page 123. The merger agreement is attached as Annex A to this proxy statement.

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The Red Hat Board of Directors unanimously recommends that you vote

For a more complete description of sources of funding for the merger and related costs, see “Proposal 1: Adoption of the Merger Agreement — Financing of the Merger” beginning on page 79.

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For holders in street name: If you hold your shares in street name and, therefore, are not a stockholder of record, you will need to follow the specific voting instructions provided to you by your broker, bank or other similar institution. If you wish to vote your shares in person at our special meeting, you must obtain a valid proxy from your broker, bank or similar institution, granting you authorization to vote your shares. In order to attend and vote your shares held in street name at our special meeting, you will need to present valid government-issued photo identification, such as a driver’s license or passport, and hand in the valid proxy from your broker, bank or similar institution, along with a signed ballot that you can request at the special meeting. You will not be able to attend and vote your shares held in street name at the special meeting without valid government-issued photo identification such as a driver’s license or passport, a valid proxy from your broker, bank or similar institution and a signed ballot.

If you submit your proxy by Internet, telephone or mail, and you do not subsequently revoke your proxy, your shares of Red Hat common stock will be voted in accordance with your instructions.

Even if you plan to attend the special meeting in person, you are strongly encouraged to vote your shares of Red Hat common stock by proxy. If you are a stockholder of record or if you obtain a valid proxy to vote shares which you beneficially own, you may still vote your shares of Red Hat common stock in person at the special meeting even if you have previously voted by proxy. If you are present at the special meeting and vote in person, your previous vote by proxy will not be counted.

For holders in street name: Yes. You must follow the specific voting instructions provided to you by your broker, bank or other similar institution to change or revoke any instructions you have already provided to them.

If your shares are held in street name at a broker, bank or similar institution, your broker, bank or similar institution may under certain circumstances vote your shares on “discretionary” matters if you do not timely provide voting instructions in accordance with the instructions provided by them. However, if you do not provide timely instructions, your broker, bank or similar institution does not have the authority to vote on

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any “non-discretionary” proposals at the special meeting and a “broker non-vote” would occur, as explained in the following question and explanation.

The merger-related compensation proposal: The affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares of Red Hat common stock entitled to vote which are present, in person or by proxy, and voting at the special meeting, provided a quorum is present, is required to approve, by means of a non-binding, advisory vote, the merger-related compensation proposal. This means that the proposal will be approved if the number of shares voted “FOR” that proposal is greater than 50% of the shares of Red Hat common stock entitled to vote which are present, in person or by proxy, and vote at the special meeting, provided a quorum is present. Abstentions and broker non-votes will not have any effect on the merger-related compensation proposal.

The adjournment proposal: The affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares of Red Hat common stock entitled to vote which are present, in person or by proxy, at the special meeting, whether or not a quorum is present, is required to approve the adjournment proposal. This means that the proposal will be approved if the number of shares voted “FOR” that proposal is greater than 50% of the total number of

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shares of Red Hat common stock entitled to vote which are present, in person or by proxy, at the special meeting, whether or not a quorum is present. Abstentions will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the adjournment proposal. Broker non-votes will not have any effect on the adjournment proposal.

For stockholders of record:    Please contact Computershare at 1-888-542-4427.

For holders in street name:    Please contact your account representative at your broker, bank or other similar institution.

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Under certain specified circumstances, Red Hat will be required to pay IBM a termination fee upon the termination of the merger agreement, as described under the section entitled “Terms of the Merger Agreement — Termination of the Merger Agreement — Termination Fees” beginning on page 106.

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For a more complete description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the merger, see “Proposal 1: Adoption of the Merger Agreement — The Merger — U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger” beginning on page 79.

This proxy statement contains a general discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences of the merger. This description does not address any non-U.S. tax consequences, nor does it pertain to state, local or other tax consequences. Consequently, you are urged to contact your own tax advisor to determine the particular tax consequences to you of the merger.

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Red Hat, Inc.

Attention: Investor Relations

100 East Davie Street

Raleigh, North Carolina 27601

Phone: Call (919) 754-3700 and ask to speak to Investor Relations.

To receive separate copies of the proxy materials in the future, or if you are receiving multiple copies and would like to receive only one copy for your household, you should contact your bank, broker or similar institution or you may contact us at the above address or telephone number.

Innisfree M&A Incorporated

501 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor

New York, New York 10022

Toll-free: (888) 750-5835

Banks & Brokers may call collect: (212) 750-5833

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This proxy statement, and the documents to which we refer you in this proxy statement, as well as information included in oral statements or other written statements made or to be made by us or on our behalf, contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including, without limitation, statements relating to the completion of the merger and statements that do not directly or exclusively relate to historical facts. You can typically identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking words such as “may,” “could,” “should,” “see,” will,” “would,” “estimate,” “project,” “forecast,” “intend,” “expect,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “target,” “plan,” “providing guidance” and similar expressions and variations or negatives of these words that are intended to identify information that is not historical in nature. Forward-looking statements by their nature address matters that are, to different degrees, uncertain, such as statements about the consummation of the proposed merger and the anticipated benefits thereof. These and other forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future results and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements, including the failure to consummate the proposed merger or to make any filing or take other action required to consummate such merger in a timely matter or at all. The inclusion of such statements should not be regarded as a representation that any plans, estimates or expectations will be achieved. You should not place undue reliance on such statements.

These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risks detailed in our filings with the SEC, including in our most recent filing on Form 10-K and subsequent periodic and interim reports, factors and matters described or incorporated by reference in this proxy statement, and the following factors:

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Consequences of material differences in results as compared with those anticipated in the forward-looking statements could include, among other things, business disruption, operational problems, financial loss, legal liability to third parties and similar risks, any of which could have a material adverse effect on Red Hat’s financial condition, results of operations, credit rating or liquidity.

There can be no assurance that the merger will be completed, or if it is completed, that it will close within the anticipated time period or that the expected benefits of the merger will be realized. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which such statements were made.

All of the forward-looking statements we make in this proxy statement are qualified by the information contained or incorporated by reference herein, including, but not limited to, (i) the information contained under this heading and (ii) the information in our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our most recent filing on Form 10-K and subsequent periodic and interim report filings (see the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” beginning on page 123).

Except as required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Red Hat stockholders are advised, however, to consult any future disclosures we make on related subjects as may be detailed in our other filings made from time to time with the SEC.

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THE SPECIAL MEETING

The enclosed proxy is solicited on behalf of the Board of Directors for use at the special meeting of stockholders or at any adjournments or postponements thereof.

Date, Time and Place

We will hold the special meeting on January 16, 2019, at 9:00 a.m., Eastern time, at 100 East Davie Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27601.

Purpose of the Special Meeting

At the special meeting, we will ask our stockholders of record as of the close of business on the record date to consider and vote on the following proposals:

Proposal 1 — Adoption of the Merger Agreement. To consider and vote on the merger proposal;

Proposal 2  —  Approval, by Means of a Non-Binding, Advisory Vote, of Certain Compensatory Arrangements with Named Executive Officers. To consider and vote on the merger-related compensation proposal; and

Proposal 3  —  Adjournment of the Special Meeting. To consider and vote on the adjournment proposal.

Record Date; Shares Entitled to Vote; Quorum

Only stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 11, 2018 are entitled to notice of the special meeting and to vote at the special meeting or at any adjournments or postponements thereof. A list of stockholders entitled to vote at the special meeting will be available in Red Hat’s corporate headquarters located at 100 East Davie Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27601, during regular business hours for a period of at least 10 days before the special meeting and at the place of the special meeting during the special meeting.

A majority in voting power of Red Hat common stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the special meeting, represented in person or by proxy, constitutes a quorum at the special meeting. As of the close of business on the record date for the special meeting, there were 176,759,752 shares of Red Hat common stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote. If you submit a properly executed proxy by mail, telephone or the Internet, you will be considered a part of the quorum. In addition, abstentions will be counted for purposes of establishing a quorum. Broker non-votes will not be counted for purposes of establishing a quorum. As a result, 88,379,877 shares must be represented in person or by proxy to have a quorum. If a quorum is not present, the special meeting will be adjourned until a quorum is obtained, subject to the terms of the merger agreement. The affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares of Red Hat common stock entitled to vote which are present, in person or by proxy, at the special meeting or the chairman of the special meeting may adjourn the special meeting.

Vote Required; Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes

The affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of Red Hat common stock outstanding and entitled to vote thereon, provided a quorum is present, is required to approve the merger proposal. This means that the proposal will be approved if the number of shares voted “FOR” that proposal is greater than 50% of the total number of the votes that can be cast in respect of our outstanding shares of common stock. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the merger proposal.

The affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares of Red Hat common stock entitled to vote which are present, in person or by proxy, and voting at the special meeting, provided a quorum is present, is

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required to approve, by means of a non-binding, advisory vote, the merger-related compensation proposal. This means that the proposal will be approved if the number of shares voted “FOR” that proposal is greater than 50% of the total number of shares of Red Hat common stock entitled to vote which are present, in person or by proxy, and vote at the special meeting, provided a quorum is present. Abstentions and broker non-votes will not have any effect on the merger-related compensation proposal.

The affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares of Red Hat common stock entitled to vote which are present, in person or by proxy, at the special meeting, whether or not a quorum is present, is required to approve the adjournment proposal. This means that the proposal will be approved if the number of shares voted “FOR” that proposal is greater than 50% of the total number of shares of Red Hat common stock entitled to vote which are present, in person or by proxy, at the special meeting, whether or not a quorum is present. Abstentions will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the adjournment proposal. Broker non-votes will not have any effect on the adjournment proposal.

Broker non-votes are shares held by a broker, bank or other nominee that are present in person or represented by proxy at the special meeting, but with respect to which the broker, bank or other nominee is not instructed by the beneficial owner of such shares on how to vote on a particular proposal and the broker does not have discretionary voting power on such proposal. Because brokers, banks and other nominee holders of record do not have discretionary voting authority with respect to any of the three proposals, if a beneficial owner of shares of Red Hat common stock held in “street name” does not give voting instructions to the broker, bank or other nominee with respect to any of the proposals, then those shares will not be present in person or represented by proxy at the special meeting. If there are any broker non-votes, then such broker non-votes will be counted as a vote “AGAINST” the merger proposal, but will have no effect on the merger-related compensation proposal and the adjournment proposal.

Shares Held by Red Hat’s Directors and Executive Officers

As of the close of business on the record date, Red Hat directors and executive officers beneficially owned and were entitled to vote, in the aggregate, 898,713 shares of Red Hat common stock (excluding any shares of Red Hat common stock that would be delivered upon exercise or conversion of stock options or other equity-based awards), which represented approximately 0.51% of the outstanding shares of Red Hat common stock on that date. It is expected that Red Hat’s directors and executive officers will vote their shares “FOR” the merger proposal, “FOR” the merger-related compensation proposal and “FOR” the adjournment proposal, although none of them has entered into any agreement requiring them to do so.

Voting of Proxies

If your shares are registered in your name with our transfer agent, Computershare, you may cause your shares to be voted by returning a signed proxy card, or you may vote in person at the special meeting. Additionally, you may submit electronically over the Internet or by phone a proxy authorizing the voting of your shares by following the instructions on your proxy card. You must have the enclosed proxy card available, and follow the instructions on the proxy card, in order to submit a proxy electronically over the Internet or by telephone. Based on your proxy cards or Internet and telephone proxies, the proxy holders will vote your shares according to your directions.

If you plan to attend the special meeting and wish to vote in person, you will be given a ballot at the meeting. If your shares are registered in your name, you are encouraged to vote by proxy even if you plan to attend the special meeting in person. If you attend the special meeting and vote in person, your vote by ballot will revoke any proxy previously submitted.

Voting instructions are included on your proxy card. All shares represented by properly executed proxies received in time for the special meeting will be voted at the special meeting in accordance with the instructions

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of the stockholder. Properly executed proxies that do not contain voting instructions will be voted (i) “FOR” the merger proposal, (ii) “FOR” the merger-related compensation proposal and (iii) “FOR” the adjournment proposal. No proxy that is specifically marked against the merger proposal will be voted in favor of the merger-related compensation, unless it is specifically marked “FOR” the approval of such proposal.

If your shares are held in “street name” through a broker, bank or other nominee, you may vote through your broker, bank or other nominee by completing and returning the voting form provided by your broker, bank or other nominee, or by the Internet or telephone through your broker, bank or other nominee if such a service is provided. To vote via the Internet or telephone through your broker, bank or other nominee, you should follow the instructions on the voting form provided by your broker, bank or other nominee. Under applicable stock exchange rules, brokers, banks or other nominees have the discretion to vote your shares on discretionary matters if you fail to instruct your broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote your shares with respect to such matters. The merger proposal, merger-related compensation proposal and the adjournment proposal are non-discretionary matters, and brokers, banks and other nominees therefore cannot vote on these proposals without your instructions. If you do not return your broker’s, bank’s or other nominee’s voting form, do not vote via the Internet or telephone through your broker, bank or other nominee, if applicable, or do not attend the special meeting and vote in person with a proxy from your broker, bank or other nominee, such actions will have the same effect as if you voted “AGAINST” the merger proposal but will not have any effect on the adjournment proposal or the merger-related compensation proposal.

Revocability of Proxies

If you are a stockholder of record, you may change your vote or revoke your proxy at any time before it is voted at the special meeting by:

Please note that to be effective, your new proxy card, Internet or telephonic voting instructions or written notice of revocation must be received by our Corporate Secretary prior to the special meeting and, in the case of Internet or telephonic voting instructions, must be received before 11:59 p.m., Eastern time, on January 15, 2019. If you have submitted a proxy, your appearance at the special meeting, in the absence of voting in person or submitting an additional proxy or revocation, will not have the effect of revoking your prior proxy.

If you hold your shares of Red Hat common stock in “street name,” you should contact your broker, bank or other nominee for instructions regarding how to change your vote. You may also vote in person at the special meeting if you obtain a valid proxy from your broker, bank or other nominee. Any adjournment of the special meeting for the purpose of soliciting additional proxies will allow Red Hat stockholders who have already sent in their proxies to revoke them at any time prior to their use at the special meeting, as adjourned.

Board of Directors’ Recommendation

The Board of Directors, after considering various factors described under the section entitled “Proposal 1: Adoption of the Merger Agreement — The Merger — Recommendation of Our Board of Directors” beginning on page 42 and after consultation with independent legal and financial advisors, unanimously (i) determined that the terms of the merger agreement, the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement are fair to and in the best interests of Red Hat and its stockholders; (ii) adopted, approved and declared advisable the execution, delivery and performance of the merger agreement, the merger and the other transactions

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contemplated by the merger agreement; (iii) approved, authorized and declared advisable the consummation by Red Hat of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement; (iv) resolved to recommend that Red Hat stockholders vote in favor of the adoption and approval of the merger agreement, the merger and other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement; and (v) resolved to submit the merger agreement to Red Hat stockholders for adoption at a duly held meeting of such stockholders.

The Red Hat Board of Directors unanimously recommends that you vote (i) “FOR” the merger proposal, (ii) “FOR” the merger-related compensation proposal and (iii) “FOR” the adjournment proposal.

Tabulation of Votes

All votes will be tabulated by a representative of Computershare, who will act as the inspector of election appointed for the special meeting and will separately tabulate affirmative and negative votes, abstentions and broker non-votes.

Solicitation of Proxies

The expense of soliciting proxies in the enclosed form will be borne by Red Hat. We have retained Innisfree M&A Incorporated, a proxy solicitation firm, to solicit proxies in connection with the special meeting at a cost of approximately $50,000 and an additional success fee of $25,000 if the merger proposal is approved by our stockholders plus expenses. We have also agreed to indemnify Innisfree M&A Incorporated against losses arising out of its provision of these services as requested by Red Hat. In addition, we may reimburse brokers, banks and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries representing beneficial owners of shares for their expenses in forwarding soliciting materials to such beneficial owners. Proxies may also be solicited by certain of our directors, officers and employees, personally or by telephone, facsimile or other means of communication. No additional compensation will be paid for such services.

Anticipated Date of Completion of the Merger

Assuming timely satisfaction of necessary closing conditions, including the approval by our stockholders of the merger proposal, we anticipate that the merger will be consummated during the latter half of 2019.

Attending the Special Meeting

Red Hat stockholders as of the close of business on the record date may attend the special meeting in person. All Red Hat stockholders should bring valid government-issued photo identification, such as a driver’s license or passport.

If you hold your shares in street name and wish to vote your shares in person at our special meeting, you must obtain a valid proxy from your broker, bank or similar institution, granting you authorization to vote your shares. In order to attend and vote your shares held in street name at our special meeting, you will need to present valid government-issued photo identification, such as a driver’s license or passport, and hand in the valid proxy from your broker, bank or similar institution, along with a signed ballot that you can request at the special meeting. You will not be able to attend and vote your shares held in street name at the special meeting without valid government-issued photo identification, such as a driver’s license or passport, a valid proxy from your broker, bank or similar institution and a signed ballot.

The use of cameras, sound recording equipment, communication devices or any other similar equipment is prohibited at the special meeting without the express written permission of Red Hat.

Even if you plan to attend the special meeting in person, we encourage you to complete, sign, date and return the enclosed proxy card or vote electronically over the Internet or via telephone to ensure that your shares

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will be represented at the special meeting. If you attend the special meeting and vote in person, your vote by ballot will revoke any proxy previously submitted. If you hold your shares in “street name,” because you are not the stockholder of record, you may not vote your shares in person at the special meeting unless you follow the procedures set forth above.

Assistance

If you need assistance in completing your proxy card or have questions regarding Red Hat’s special meeting, please contact Innisfree M&A Incorporated by mail at 501 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor, New York, New York 10022 or by telephone. Stockholders may call toll-free at (888) 750-5834 and banks and brokers may call collect: (212) 750-5833.

Rights of Stockholders Who Seek Appraisal

If the merger proposal is approved by Red Hat stockholders, stockholders who do not vote (whether in person or by proxy) in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement and who properly exercise and perfect their demand for appraisal of their shares will be entitled to appraisal rights in connection with the merger under Section 262 of the DGCL. This means that holders of Red Hat common stock are entitled to have their shares appraised by the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and to receive payment in cash of the “fair value” of the shares of Red Hat common stock, exclusive of any elements of value arising from the accomplishment or expectation of the merger, together with interest to be paid upon the amount determined to be fair value, if any, as determined by the court. Stockholders who wish to seek appraisal of their shares are in any case encouraged to seek the advice of legal counsel with respect to the exercise of appraisal rights due to the complexity of the appraisal process.

Stockholders considering seeking appraisal should be aware that the fair value of their shares as determined pursuant to Section 262 of the DGCL could be more than, the same as or less than $190.00 per share consideration payable pursuant to the merger agreement if they did not seek appraisal of their shares.

To exercise your appraisal rights, you must submit a written demand for appraisal to Red Hat before the vote is taken on the merger proposal, you must not submit a blank proxy or otherwise vote in favor of the merger proposal and you must continue to hold the shares of Red Hat common stock of record through the effective time. Your failure to follow the procedures specified under the DGCL will result in the loss of your appraisal rights. The DGCL requirements for exercising appraisal rights are described in further detail in this proxy statement, and the relevant section of the DGCL regarding appraisal rights is reproduced and attached as Annex D to this proxy statement. If you hold your shares of Red Hat common stock through a broker, bank or other nominee and you wish to exercise appraisal rights, you should consult with your broker, bank or other nominee to determine the appropriate procedures for the making of a demand for appraisal by such broker, bank or other nominee. Stockholders should refer to the discussion under the section entitled “Appraisal Rights” beginning on page 116 and the DGCL requirements for exercising appraisal rights reproduced and attached as Annex D to this proxy statement.

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PARTIES INVOLVED IN THE MERGER

Red Hat, Inc.

Red Hat is a leading provider of open source software solutions, using a community-powered approach to develop and offer reliable and high-performing operating system, virtualization, management, middleware, cloud, mobile and storage technologies. Red Hat employs an open source development model, which allows Red Hat to use the collective input, resources and knowledge of a global community of contributors who can collaborate to develop, maintain and enhance software because the human-readable source code for that software is publicly available and licenses permit modification.

Red Hat’s offerings are designed to provide customers with high-performing, scalable, flexible, reliable and secure infrastructure technologies that meet the information technology, which we refer to as IT, needs of enterprises and service providers. Our offerings enable our customers to optimize their IT environments to increase agility and flexibility while adding and managing hybrid cloud infrastructures and building modern applications. Hybrid cloud infrastructures enable customers to deploy their applications using off-premise (public cloud) and on-premise (private cloud, virtual or physical server) IT resources to create a hybrid cloud environment that is designed to enhance efficiency while providing increased security. Red Hat’s offerings are designed to perform consistently across hybrid cloud environments to offer greater choices to our customers when deploying their applications.

Red Hat also offers a wide range of services that are designed to help customers receive additional value from Red Hat technologies.

Red Hat’s corporate headquarters is located at 100 East Davie Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27601.

Red Hat was formed in 1993 and is a corporation organized in the State of Delaware. Red Hat common stock is currently listed on the NYSE under the symbol “RHT.”

Additional information about Red Hat and its subsidiaries is included in documents incorporated by reference in this proxy statement (see the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” beginning on page 123) and on its website: www.redhat.com. The information provided or accessible through Red Hat’s website is not part of, or incorporated by reference in, this proxy statement.

International Business Machines Corporation

IBM focuses on the intersection of business insight and technology innovation and creates value for clients through integrated solutions and products. These integrated solutions leverage innovative technologies, deep expertise in industries and business processes, and a commitment to security and trust. IBM solutions typically create value by enabling new capabilities for clients that optimize and transform their businesses and help them engage with their customers and employees in new ways. These solutions draw from an industry-leading portfolio of consulting and IT implementation services, cloud and cognitive offerings, and enterprise systems and software, one of the world’s leading research organizations—all bolstered by a commitment to the secure and responsible management of data and enterprise-grade security.

IBM’s corporate headquarters is located at 1 New Orchard Road, Armonk, New York 10504.

IBM was formed in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company and is a corporation organized in the State of New York. IBM’s common stock, par value $0.20 per share, is currently listed on the NYSE, under the symbol “IBM.”

Additional information about IBM and its subsidiaries is included on its website: www.IBM.com. The information provided or accessible through IBM’s website is not part of, or incorporated by reference in, this proxy statement.

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Socrates Acquisition Corp.

Sub is a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of IBM, formed on October 25, 2018, solely for the purpose of engaging in the merger and the other transactions as contemplated under the merger agreement. Upon completion of the merger, Sub will cease to exist.

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PROPOSAL 1: ADOPTION OF THE MERGER AGREEMENT

THE MERGER

This discussion of the merger is qualified in its entirety by reference to the merger agreement, which is attached to this proxy statement as Annex A and incorporated into this proxy statement by reference. You should read the entire merger agreement carefully as it is the legal document that governs the merger.

Certain Effects of the Merger on Red Hat

Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the merger agreement and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the DGCL, on the closing date and at the effective time, Sub will merge with and into Red Hat, with Red Hat continuing as the surviving corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of IBM. Red Hat expects to delist its common stock from the NYSE as promptly as practicable after the effective time and de-register its common stock under the Exchange Act as promptly as practicable after such delisting. Thereafter, Red Hat would no longer be a publicly-traded company. If the merger is completed, you will not own any shares of the capital stock of the surviving corporation, and instead will only be entitled to receive the merger consideration, as described under the section entitled “Terms of the Merger Agreement — Merger Consideration” beginning on page 84.

The effective time will occur upon the filing of a certificate of merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (or at such later time as Red Hat and IBM may agree and specify in the certificate of merger).

Effect on Red Hat if the Merger is Not Completed

If the merger agreement is not adopted by Red Hat stockholders or if the merger is not completed for any other reason, Red Hat stockholders will not receive any payment for their shares of Red Hat common stock. Instead, Red Hat will remain a public company, Red Hat common stock will continue to be listed and traded on the NYSE and registered under the Exchange Act and Red Hat will continue to file periodic reports with the SEC.

Furthermore, if the merger is not consummated, and depending on the circumstances that caused the merger not to be consummated, it is likely that the price of Red Hat common stock will decline significantly. If that were to occur, it is uncertain when, if ever, the price of Red Hat common stock would return to the price at which it trades as of the date of this proxy statement.

Accordingly, if the merger is not consummated, there can be no assurance as to the effect of these risks and opportunities on the future value of your shares of Red Hat common stock. If the merger is not consummated, the Board of Directors will continue to evaluate and review Red Hat’s business operations, properties and capitalization, among other things, make such changes as are deemed appropriate and continue to seek to enhance stockholder value. If the merger agreement is not adopted by Red Hat stockholders or if the merger is not consummated for any other reason, there can be no assurance that any other transaction acceptable to Red Hat or its stockholders will be offered or that Red Hat’s business, prospects or results of operations will not be adversely impacted.

Under certain specified circumstances, Red Hat will be required to pay IBM a termination fee upon the termination of the merger agreement, as described under the section entitled “Terms of the Merger Agreement — Termination of the Merger Agreement — Termination Fees” beginning on page 106.

Background of the Merger

As part of Red Hat’s strategic planning process, the Red Hat Board of Directors regularly reviews and discusses with Red Hat’s senior management the company’s performance, business strategy and competitive

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position in the industries in which it operates. In addition, the Red Hat Board of Directors and Red Hat’s senior management regularly review and evaluate various strategic alternatives, including acquisitions, dispositions, major commercial partnerships and other strategic transactions, as part of ongoing efforts to strengthen Red Hat’s overall business and enhance stockholder value.

As part of this ongoing process, the Red Hat Board of Directors has considered and implemented actions to enhance stockholder value, including executing a number of strategic acquisitions, including, among others, CoreOS, Inc. on January 30, 2018, Permabit Technology Corporation on July 31, 2017 and Codenvy S.A. on June 1, 2017. In the course of Red Hat’s strategic planning process, representatives of Red Hat have, in the ordinary course and from time to time, discussed with various companies in the software and technology industries potential commercial partnerships that might expand their respective businesses, improve their respective customer offerings and create value for Red Hat stockholders.

Since October 2016, Guggenheim Securities has rendered advice to Red Hat regarding various strategic and financial matters. During the course of Guggenheim Securities’ engagement, representatives of Guggenheim Securities interacted, on Red Hat’s behalf, with various companies in the software and technology industries, including IBM, and offered general perspectives on the technology landscape and operating environment for Red Hat’s offerings including hybrid multi-cloud solutions. During the period from October 2017 to December 2017, representatives of Guggenheim Securities met with representatives of IBM to discuss Red Hat, including regarding a potential commercial partnership and other strategic alternatives.

During this time period, certain members of Red Hat’s senior management also met with representatives of IBM to discuss expanding the commercial partnership between the two parties. Thereafter, and until IBM and Red Hat announced the expansion of that partnership on May 8, 2018, representatives of both Red Hat and IBM were in contact regarding the implementation of the expanded commercial partnership.

In February 2018, James M. Whitehurst, Chief Executive Officer of Red Hat met the Chief Executive Officer of Party A, a technology company offering software, services, and other solutions, at a meeting of CEOs for the purposes of professional and leadership development. During the course of the discussion, the Chief Executive Officer of Party A indicated a possible interest in an acquisition of Red Hat through a transaction structured to maintain Red Hat’s independence, potentially with Red Hat remaining a separate public company in which Party A would have a significant stake.

On March 22, 2018, representatives of Guggenheim Securities met with representatives of Party A (including its Chief Executive Officer) to discuss Red Hat, including regarding a potential commercial partnership and other strategic alternatives.

During the spring of 2018, representatives of Red Hat, including Paul Cormier, Executive Vice President and President, Products and Technologies, met with representatives of Party B, a technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, on several occasions to discuss a potential commercial partnership in the software industry.

On April 11, 2018, Mr. Whitehurst met with Ginni Rometty, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of IBM, at Mrs. Rometty’s invitation, to discuss the strategic landscape in which Red Hat and IBM operate, as well as ways in which the two companies could expand upon the commercial partnership that IBM and Red Hat planned to announce in May 2018.

On May 8, 2018, Red Hat and IBM announced an expansion of their existing commercial partnership in order to fuel hybrid cloud adoption in the enterprise.

On May 31, 2018, Mr. Whitehurst and Mr. Cormier met with representatives of Party A, as they had from time to time in the past, regarding commercial relationships and other potential strategic opportunities. During

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the course of these discussions, Party A reiterated an interest in pursuing an acquisition of Red Hat through a transaction structured to maintain Red Hat’s independence, potentially with Red Hat remaining a separate public company in which Party A would have a significant stake. Thereafter, Mr. Whitehurst and the Chief Executive Officer of Party A planned to continue discussions later that summer. On August 1, 2018, Mr. Whitehurst contacted the Chief Executive Officer of Party A to discuss whether Party A was interested in continuing the discussion of commercial and strategic opportunities. The Chief Executive Officer of Party A indicated that Party A remained interested in pursuing a transaction with Red Hat and the two CEOs should continue the discussion about this opportunity towards the end of the year.

Thereafter, Mr. Cormier remained in contact with other representatives of Party A for purposes of discussing certain other commercial matters. Following these discussions, on September 19, 2018, Mr. Cormier and a representative of Party A agreed to schedule a meeting between senior executives of Party A (including its Chief Executive Officer) and Red Hat (including Messrs. Cormier and Whitehurst) to discuss with more specificity Party A’s interest in pursuing a strategic transaction with Red Hat. This meeting was scheduled to occur and did occur on October 10, 2018.

On September 23, 2018, representatives of Guggenheim Securities met with a senior executive of IBM at the senior executive’s request to discuss the businesses and prospects of each of IBM and Red Hat generally and more specifically, IBM’s interest in potentially pursuing a strategic transaction with Red Hat.

On September 25, 2018, Mrs. Rometty contacted Mr. Whitehurst to schedule a meeting on the morning of September 27, 2018 when both would be in New York City, NY.

Also, on September 25, 2018, representatives of Guggenheim Securities met with the Chairman of Party A to discuss Party A’s and Red Hat’s commercial relationship and the potential for a strategic transaction between Party A and Red Hat.

On September 27, 2018, Mrs. Rometty and Mr. Whitehurst met in New York City, NY. At that meeting, Mrs. Rometty provided Mr. Whitehurst with a written proposal outlining IBM’s offer to acquire 100% of the equity securities of Red Hat at a price of $185 per share in cash, with the goal to preserve the independent brand and culture of Red Hat, including the goal of retaining substantially all of Red Hat’s management team. Mrs. Rometty indicated that IBM was willing to work diligently to announce a transaction in approximately three weeks.

On September 30, 2018, the Red Hat Board of Directors held a special meeting to discuss IBM’s proposal. Representatives of Red Hat’s senior management and representatives of Guggenheim Securities and Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, Red Hat’s external legal counsel, which we refer to as Skadden, were present during the meeting. Representatives of Skadden discussed with the Red Hat Board of Directors their fiduciary duties in considering IBM’s offer and strategic alternatives. The Red Hat Board of Directors discussed, among other things, their initial views on IBM’s offer, including the price offered relative to Red Hat’s market valuation and recent trading history and the need to compare the value of IBM’s offer to the value reflected in Red Hat’s stand-alone business prospects to determine, among other things, whether any strategic third party transaction should be pursued at that time. The Red Hat Board of Directors sought the advice of Guggenheim Securities regarding IBM’s offer and also potential additional counterparties that might be able to offer a compelling value in excess of the price offered by IBM. Representatives of Guggenheim Securities discussed with the Red Hat Board of Directors the industrial logic for IBM to pursue an acquisition of Red Hat and compared the industrial logic for a company like IBM to the logic that might be applicable to other potential counterparties. The Red Hat Board of Directors requested Guggenheim Securities and management to develop a list of potentially interested parties and an assessment of the parties’ strategic rationale for potentially acquiring Red Hat. Following discussion among the Red Hat Board of Directors, the Red Hat Board of Directors concluded that the initial offer from IBM was inadequate. However, the Red Hat Board of Directors authorized further exploration of a transaction with IBM and also authorized Red Hat’s senior management to engage in limited, price-confirmatory due diligence discussions with IBM in order to provide IBM with information necessary to enable IBM to

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increase its offer price. The Red Hat Board of Directors also directed Red Hat management to review with the Red Hat Board of Directors management’s view of Red Hat’s stand-alone business prospects.

On October 1, 2018, Mr. Whitehurst called Mrs. Rometty to inform her that the Red Hat Board of Directors had evaluated IBM’s proposal, but that IBM would need to present a more compelling price in order for the Red Hat Board of Directors to consider a transaction with IBM. Mr. Whitehurst also indicated that Red Hat was willing to provide limited, price-confirmatory due diligence to IBM to enable IBM to put forward a more compelling offer price. During the course of the discussion, Mrs. Rometty indicated that IBM would require that Red Hat enter into an exclusivity agreement prohibiting Red Hat from discussing or pursuing a strategic transaction with a third party for an agreed upon period, in consideration for IBM’s evaluation of the transaction. On the same day, James Kavanaugh, Chief Financial Officer of IBM, called Eric Shander, Chief Financial Officer of Red Hat to discuss the scope of IBM’s confirmatory due diligence process and the appropriate next steps required to facilitate information sharing, including execution of a confidentiality agreement.

Also, on October 1, 2018, a representative of Red Hat sent a draft confidentiality agreement, which we refer to as the confidentiality agreement, to a representative of IBM, which was negotiated over the ensuing days by representatives of Red Hat, IBM, Skadden and Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton, & Garrison LLP, counsel to IBM, which we refer to as Paul Weiss. On October 3, 2018, Red Hat and IBM executed the confidentiality agreement.

That same day, Paul Weiss, on behalf of IBM, provided Skadden with a draft exclusivity agreement, which provided for an exclusivity period of four weeks.

In the evening on October 1, 2018, the Red Hat Board of Directors held a special meeting, with certain members of Red Hat’s senior management, Guggenheim Securities and Skadden in attendance, to continue its discussions regarding a potential transaction with IBM. During the meeting, Mr. Whitehurst and Mr. Shander reported on the discussions with Mrs. Rometty and Mr. Kavanaugh, including IBM’s request for exclusivity. The Red Hat Board of Directors discussed and evaluated the benefits of contacting Party A in advance of a previously scheduled meeting with Party A on October 10, 2018, as well other third parties. Following discussion among the Red Hat Board of Directors, the Red Hat Board of Directors directed Mr. Whitehurst to call the Chief Executive Officer of Party A to inform the Chief Executive Officer of Party A that Red Hat was in the process of reviewing a potential business combination with another counterparty. The Red Hat Board of Directors also concluded that an exclusivity arrangement between IBM and Red Hat was premature under the circumstances.

On October 2, 2018, Mr. Whitehurst, at the direction of the Red Hat Board of Directors, called the Chief Executive Officer of Party A. Mr. Whitehurst informed the Chief Executive Officer of Party A that, since Red Hat’s discussions with Party A, Red Hat had continued to evaluate commercial and strategic alternatives and that Red Hat was in discussions regarding a potential business combination transaction with another counterparty. Mr. Whitehurst encouraged the Chief Executive Officer of Party A to prepare any proposals for potential strategic opportunities for the previously scheduled meeting on October 10, 2018.

Also, on October 2, 2018, an executive of Party A contacted representatives of Guggenheim Securities to determine whether Red Hat had established a formal sale process. Representatives of Guggenheim Securities informed the executive of Party A that Red Hat was considering a potential business combination transaction.

On October 3, 2018, a representative of Party B contacted Mr. Cormier of Red Hat to arrange a meeting, as they had from time to time in the past.

On October 4, 2018, Mr. Kavanaugh sent a written confirmatory due diligence list to Mr. Shander.

On October 5, 2018, Mr. Cormier met with senior executives from Party B. Mr. Cormier and the executives from Party B discussed the commercial relationship between Party B and Red Hat and other potential strategic opportunities as they had discussed from time to time in the past. One of the senior executives of Party B requested that Red Hat notify Party B if Red Hat was to ever explore other strategic opportunities.

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On October 7, 2018, a member of the board of Party B contacted representatives of Guggenheim Securities to determine whether Red Hat had established a formal sale process. Representatives of Guggenheim Securities informed the board member of Party B that Red Hat was considering a potential business combination transaction. The board member of Party B asked that Red Hat afford Party B sufficient time to assess its interest in pursuing a strategic transaction with Red Hat and indicated that Party B would revert promptly.

On October 8, 2018, the Red Hat Board of Directors held a special meeting with certain representatives of Red Hat’s senior management, Guggenheim Securities and Skadden in attendance. Mr. Shander reviewed with the Red Hat Board of Directors Red Hat’s historical performance and, in response to the Red Hat Board of Directors’ request to understand Red Hat management’s view of Red Hat’s stand-alone business prospects, presented three long-term forecasts, including the methodology used to create the forecasts, the assumptions underlying each forecast and the perceived challenges and risks associated with Red Hat’s ability to meet such forecasts, including, among other things, the challenges of maintaining high rates of growth in the rapidly evolving technology sector. Representatives of Guggenheim Securities then discussed with the Red Hat Board of Directors matters relating to, among other things, the competitive landscape in which Red Hat operates and a preliminary review of the financial aspects of IBM’s proposal, including trading multiples of peer companies, recent M&A activity in the technology and software sectors, the increased competitive and pricing pressures that Red Hat could expect to confront as enterprises moved to public, private and hybrid cloud solutions and preliminary financial analyses with respect to Red Hat based on the forecasts. Thereafter, Skadden reviewed the current regulatory environment and provided a preliminary assessment of the regulatory considerations associated with completing a transaction with either IBM or Party A. Finally, the Red Hat Board of Directors discussed and considered whether Red Hat should engage a second financial advisor. Following discussion among the directors the Red Hat Board of Directors directed Mr. Whitehurst to contact Morgan Stanley.

Also, on October 8, 2018, Mr. Whitehurst contacted Morgan Stanley to discuss engaging Morgan Stanley to act as a financial advisor in connection with a potential transaction. Red Hat retained Morgan Stanley as its financial advisor based on Morgan Stanley’s qualifications, expertise and reputation, its knowledge of and involvement in recent transactions in the software industry and its knowledge of Red Hat’s business and affairs.

On October 10, 2018, Red Hat senior management met with representatives from Party A. During that meeting Party A presented the high-level framework of a possible expanded commercial partnership arrangement with Red Hat. Party A indicated that it was not prepared to pursue a strategic transaction with Red Hat, citing concerns about securing regulatory approvals of a strategic transaction in the US and Europe.

On October 11, 2018, senior management from Red Hat and IBM met at the offices of Paul Weiss in New York City, NY for business due diligence sessions.

Also, on October 11, 2018, representatives from Morgan Stanley had two separate conversations with senior executives at Party B to inform the senior executives at Party B that Red Hat was in discussions regarding a potential business combination transaction with another counterparty and to ascertain Party B’s interest in pursuing an acquisition.

Also, on October 11, 2018, senior executives of Party B discussed with representatives of Guggenheim Securities the process regarding a potential acquisition of Red Hat.

On October 12, 2018, the Red Hat Board of Directors held a special meeting with certain members of Red Hat’s senior management, Guggenheim Securities, Morgan Stanley and Skadden in attendance. During the meeting, Mr. Whitehurst provided an update regarding the status of discussions with Party A and Party B. Thereafter, the Red Hat Board of Directors discussed whether to contact Party C, a technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, to ascertain whether Party C might be interested in a strategic transaction. Following the discussion, the Red Hat Board of Directors determined that it would be in the best interests of Red Hat for Mr. Whitehurst to contact Party C regarding its interest in a potential strategic transaction and directed Mr. Whitehurst to contact Party C.

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Also, on October 12, 2018, at the direction of the Red Hat Board of Directors, Mr. Whitehurst contacted a senior executive of Party C. Mr. Whitehurst informed the senior executive of Party C that Red Hat was in discussions regarding a potential business combination transaction. That same day, a senior executive of Party C called Morgan Stanley to discuss the situation and understand the process for a potential acquisition of Red Hat.

On October 13, 2018, a senior executive of Party B discussed with representatives of Morgan Stanley, the process regarding a potential acquisition of Red Hat. Morgan Stanley advised Party B that if they were interested in pursuing an acquisition, they would need to meet Red Hat management promptly and should they submit any proposal it would need to be in excess of the 52 week high of $176.27 in order for it to be considered by the Red Hat Board of Directors.

Also, on October 13, 2018, a senior executive from Party C spoke with Morgan Stanley and indicated that Party C was working quickly to evaluate the viability of a potential acquisition of Red Hat. Morgan Stanley advised Party C that if they were interested in pursuing an acquisition, they would need to meet Red Hat management promptly and should they submit any proposal it would need to be in excess of the 52 week high of $176.27 in order for it to be considered by the Red Hat Board of Directors.

On October 14, 2018, representatives of Morgan Stanley sent to a senior executive of Party C a document outlining the strategic rationale of a potential acquisition of Red Hat by Party C.

On October 15, 2018, representatives of Red Hat and IBM met telephonically to discuss additional price confirmatory due diligence matters.

On October 16, 2018, the CEO of Party B contacted Mr. Whitehurst to express interest in exploring a strategic transaction between Red Hat and Party B and requested an in-person meeting with representatives of Red Hat management later that week.

Also, on October 16, 2018, the Red Hat Board of Directors held a special meeting with certain representatives of Red Hat’s senior management, Guggenheim Securities, Morgan Stanley and Skadden in attendance. During the meeting, Mr. Whitehurst provided an update regarding the status of discussions with Party B, Party C and IBM. Representatives of Morgan Stanley then reviewed with the Red Hat Board of Directors the potential accretive effects of the transaction on IBM, and Morgan Stanley’s preliminary assessment of IBM’s capability and willingness to pay more than its then current offer of $185 per share. Thereafter, representatives of Guggenheim Securities discussed with the Red Hat Board of Directors the potential strategic benefits to IBM of acquiring Red Hat, including the realization by incumbent technology providers, such as IBM, that Kubernetes-based orchestration platforms such as Red Hat’s OpenShift are a key element of the emerging hybrid multi-cloud architecture and infrastructure.

On October 17, 2018, a senior executive from Party C called Mr. Whitehurst to share Party C’s interest in pursuing an acquisition. Separately, a senior executive from Party C called representatives of Morgan Stanley to schedule an in-person meeting with representatives of Red Hat senior management later that week.

Also, on October 17, 2018, a representative of Red Hat sent a draft mutual confidentiality agreement, which we refer to as the Party B confidentiality agreement, to Party B. The Party B confidentiality agreement was negotiated over the ensuing days by representatives of Red Hat, Party B, Skadden and Party’s B counsel. On October 18, 2018, Red Hat and Party B executed the Party B confidentiality agreement.

Also, on October 18, 2018, executives of Red Hat and Party B met to discuss a possible transaction. Representatives of Red Hat provided Party B with an overview of Red Hat’s products, go-to-market strategy and certain financial information. Party B received information that was substantially similar to the information previously provided to IBM.

Also, on October 17, 2018, a representative of Morgan Stanley sent a draft mutual confidentiality agreement, which we refer to as the Party C confidentiality agreement, to a senior executive of Party C. The Party C

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confidentiality agreement was negotiated over the ensuing days by representatives of Red Hat, Party C and Skadden. On October 19, 2018, Red Hat and Party C executed the Party C confidentiality agreement. Thereafter, executives of Red Hat and Party C met to discuss a possible transaction. Representatives of Red Hat provided Party C with an overview of Red Hat’s products, go-to-market strategy and certain financial information. Party C received information that was substantially similar to the information previously provided to IBM.

Also, on October 19, 2018, Mrs. Rometty contacted Mr. Whitehurst to present a revised proposal to acquire all outstanding shares of Red Hat common stock at a price of $190.00 per share in cash. The offer was conditioned upon IBM and Red Hat finalizing and announcing the transaction early in the week of October 29, 2018 and entering into an exclusivity agreement through the end of that week.

That same day, Paul Weiss, on behalf of IBM, provided Skadden with a revised draft of the exclusivity agreement, which provided for an exclusivity period through 11:59 p.m. on Friday, November 2, 2018.

Also, on October 18 and October 19, 2018, Morgan Stanley had various conversations with representatives of Party B and Party C to reiterate the necessary timing of any proposal by Party B or Party C if they were to be considered by the Red Hat Board of Directors in light of Red Hat’s ongoing discussions with other parties.

On October 20, 2018, a senior executive of Party C contacted Mr. Whitehurst and indicated that Party C would not pursue an acquisition of Red Hat.

Also, on October 20, 2018, a senior executive of Party C also contacted representatives of Morgan Stanley to confirm that Party C would not pursue an acquisition of Red Hat. Party C stated it was not in a position to submit a proposal that exceeded the 52 week high of $176.27.

That same day, a representative of Party B contacted Mr. Cormier and indicated that Party B would decline to make a proposal to acquire Red Hat; however, Party B remained interested in exploring a commercial partnership with a minority equity investment in Red Hat. Separately, a senior executive from Party B contacted Morgan Stanley and indicated that Party B would decline to make a proposal to acquire Red Hat. Party B stated it was not in a position to submit a proposal that exceeded the 52 week high of $176.27.

On October 21, 2018, the Red Hat Board of Directors held a special meeting with certain representatives of Red Hat’s senior management, Guggenheim Securities, Morgan Stanley and Skadden in attendance. During the meeting, Mr. Whitehurst and Mr. Cormier provided an update regarding the status of discussions with Party B and Party C. Thereafter, Mr. Whitehurst reviewed with the Red Hat Board of Directors Red Hat management’s view of Red Hat’s stand-alone business prospects. Representatives of Skadden then provided an update regarding the preliminary antitrust analysis of a potential transaction with IBM and the likely timeline for completing such a transaction. Following discussion among the Red Hat Board of Directors, Mr. Whitehurst recommended that Red Hat pursue the negotiation of a transaction with IBM at $190 per share and grant IBM exclusivity for a limited duration through the morning of October 29, 2018. After further discussion, the Red Hat Board of Directors decided to work towards a definitive agreement on terms and conditions which maximized value for Red Hat’s stockholders.

Following the special meeting, on October 21, 2018, Skadden, on behalf of Red Hat provided Paul Weiss with a revised draft of the exclusivity agreement. Red Hat and IBM executed the exclusivity agreement on October 21, 2018, which provided for an exclusivity period through 7:30 a.m. on October 29, 2018. Later that day, Paul Weiss, on behalf of IBM, provided Skadden with a draft merger agreement, which included, among other provisions, a proposed termination fee in an amount to equal 4% of Red Hat’s fully diluted equity value payable by Red Hat in connection with accepting a superior proposal from a third party and no termination fee payable by IBM in the event that the parties could not complete the transaction due to a failure to obtain antitrust and competition approvals.

During the week of October 22, 2018, certain members of Red Hat’s senior management held a series of diligence calls with IBM and its representatives relating to various aspects of Red Hat’s business.

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On October 22, 2018, a senior executive of IBM indicated to Mr. Whitehurst that IBM expected certain members of Red Hat’s management team to execute a holder agreement, containing restrictive covenants, including a non-compete and non-solicit. On October 23, 2018, a representative of IBM provided a draft of the holder agreement to Mr. Shander.

On October 23, 2018, Skadden, on behalf of Red Hat, provided Paul Weiss with a revised draft of the merger agreement, which included a termination fee payable by Red Hat equal to 2.5% of Red Hat’s fully diluted equity value and a regulatory termination fee, in an amount equal to 6% of Red Hat’s fully diluted equity value, payable by IBM in the event that the parties could not complete the transaction due to a failure to obtain antitrust and competition approvals.

On October 24, 2018, Paul Weiss, on behalf of IBM, provided Skadden with a revised draft of the merger agreement. Late in the evening on October 24, 2018, representatives of Skadden and Paul Weiss discussed the merger agreement. The revised draft merger agreement did not include a regulatory termination fee and proposed a termination fee equal to 3.75% payable by Red Hat of Red Hat’s fully diluted equity value.

On October 25, 2018, Skadden, on behalf of Red Hat, provided Paul Weiss with a revised draft of the merger agreement, which included a termination fee payable by Red Hat equal to 2.5% of Red Hat’s fully diluted equity value and a regulatory termination fee payable by IBM, in an amount equal to 6% of Red Hat’s fully diluted equity value.

Also, on October 25, 2018, a senior executive of IBM provided Red Hat with a summary proposal outlining the key terms of retention arrangements with key executives of Red Hat.

On October 25, 2018, the Red Hat Board of Directors held a special meeting with certain representatives of Red Hat’s senior management, Guggenheim Securities, Morgan Stanley and Skadden in attendance. During the meeting, Mr. Whitehurst provided an update regarding the status of discussions with IBM. Thereafter, Skadden again discussed with the Red Hat Board of Directors the fiduciary duties of directors in connection with evaluating Red Hat’s other strategic alternatives. Skadden also provided the Red Hat Board of Directors with an update on the antitrust analysis of a potential transaction with IBM, including anticipated timing and areas of risk. Thereafter, representatives of Skadden reviewed the key terms of the proposed merger agreement relating to deal certainty and the parties’ required efforts to obtain applicable regulatory approvals, including certain open issues between the parties, including whether IBM would be required to pay a regulatory termination fee in the event that the parties could not complete the transaction due to a failure to obtain antitrust and competition approvals and the size of the termination fee payable by Red Hat in connection with accepting a superior proposal from a third party. Thereafter, Mr. Whitehurst reviewed with the Red Hat Board of Directors the proposed provisions regarding employee retention and the amount of retention awards available, as well as the retention arrangements offered by IBM to certain executive officers, which were conditional upon the closing of the merger, in consideration for such executive officer entering into the holder agreements requested by IBM. Representatives of Guggenheim Securities then discussed with the Red Hat Board of Directors matters relating to, among other things, the price per share offered by IBM compared to certain precedent transactions based upon certain valuation metrics and delivered a presentation to the Red Hat Board of Directors regarding preliminary financial analyses with respect to Red Hat based on the forecasts. Representatives of Morgan Stanley also discussed with the Red Hat Board of Directors matters relating to the premium offered by IBM compared with premiums paid in other software transactions during the past five years and delivered a presentation to the Red Hat Board of Directors regarding preliminary financial analyses with respect to Red Hat based on the forecasts.

On October 25, 2018, Mr. Whitehurst and Mrs. Rometty spoke to discuss the terms of the proposed transaction, including the regulatory termination fee and other key provisions. During this call, Mrs. Rometty indicated that IBM was unwilling to proceed with any transaction on terms that provided for a regulatory termination fee and informed Mr. Whitehurst that if the Red Hat Board of Directors ultimately insisted on the inclusion of a regulatory termination fee IBM would terminate discussions.

On October 26, 2018, Paul Weiss, on behalf of IBM, provided Skadden with a revised draft of the merger agreement. The revised draft merger agreement did not include a regulatory termination fee and proposed a termination fee equal to 3.75% of Red Hat’s fully diluted equity value.

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Late in the evening on October 26, 2018, Skadden, on behalf of Red Hat, provided Paul Weiss with a revised draft of the merger agreement. The revised draft of the merger agreement indicated that the regulatory termination fee payable by IBM remained an open issue between the principals and proposed a termination fee equal to 2.5% of Red Hat’s fully diluted equity value. In the morning of October 27, 2018, representatives of Skadden and Paul Weiss discussed the merger agreement.

On October 27, 2018, the Red Hat Board of Directors held a special meeting with certain representatives of Red Hat’s senior management, Guggenheim Securities, Morgan Stanley and Skadden in attendance. Representatives of Skadden reviewed with the Red Hat Board of Directors the current status of discussions regarding the inclusion of a regulatory termination fee, the parties’ required efforts to obtain applicable regulatory approvals, and a “clear market” provision, which would prohibit IBM from acquiring any assets or business, if such acquisition would reasonably be expected to increase the risk of not obtaining, or the risk of materially delaying the obtaining of, regulatory approvals. Thereafter, the Red Hat Board of Directors considered the terms of the proposed merger agreement relating to deal certainty, including the reasonable likelihood of the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement in light of the conditions in the merger agreement and the fact that the proposed merger agreement required that IBM use its reasonable best efforts to take certain actions necessary to obtain regulatory clearance and satisfy the regulatory conditions, including the fact that IBM agreed to accept potential structural and behavioral remedies in order to obtain regulatory approval up to a level of a “material adverse effect” on Red Hat or IBM (measured on a scale relative to the size of Red Hat). In light of the totality of the terms then available for the Red Hat Board of Directors’ consideration and Mrs. Rometty’s statement that IBM would not proceed with a transaction that provided for a regulatory termination fee, the Red Hat Board concluded that the proposed merger agreement offered a sufficiently high level of transaction certainty such that the Red Hat Board of Directors need not risk the substantial benefits of the transaction by conditioning the transaction on the inclusion of a regulatory termination fee, which was likely unobtainable from IBM, and concluded that a regulatory termination fee was not required. Mr. Whitehurst then reviewed with the Red Hat Board of Directors the status of the retention arrangements and holders agreements for certain executive officers of Red Hat.

During the day on October 27, 2018 and into October 28, 2018, representatives of the parties further negotiated, and reached resolution on, the remaining open points of the merger agreement, which included issues with respect to the parties’ required efforts to obtain applicable regulatory approvals, the size of the termination fee and obligations under the interim operating covenants, including Red Hat’s ability to make certain grants of equity awards prior to closing.

During the morning of October 28, 2018, the Red Hat Board of Directors met to consider IBM’s offer and the terms of the merger agreement. Representatives of Red Hat senior management and representatives of Guggenheim Securities, Morgan Stanley and Skadden also were in attendance. Representatives of Skadden discussed with the Red Hat Board of Directors the fiduciary duties of directors in connection with evaluating Red Hat’s strategic alternatives and the terms of the merger agreement, including, among other things, the parties’ respective termination rights (including Red Hat’s right to terminate the merger agreement to enter into an alternative acquisition agreement with respect to a superior proposal), the termination fee, the obligations of the parties to obtain applicable regulatory approvals, the definition of a “material adverse effect” and the applicable closing conditions. Also at this meeting, Guggenheim Securities reviewed with the Red Hat Board of Directors Guggenheim Securities’ financial analysis of the merger consideration, as more fully described below under the section entitled “Proposal 1: Adoption of the Merger Agreement — The Merger — Opinions of Red Hat’s Financial Advisors — Opinion of Guggenheim Securities, LLC” beginning on page 47, and rendered an oral opinion, confirmed by delivery of a written opinion dated October 28, 2018, to the Red Hat Board of Directors to the effect that, as of that date and based on and subject to the matters considered, the procedures followed, the assumptions made and various limitations of and qualifications to the review undertaken, the merger consideration was fair, from a financial point of view, to Red Hat stockholders. Representatives of Morgan Stanley then reviewed with the Red Hat Board of Directors Morgan Stanley’s financial analysis of the merger consideration, as more fully described below under the section entitled “Proposal 1: Adoption of the Merger Agreement — The Merger — Opinions of Red Hat’s Financial Advisors — Opinion of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC” beginning on page 60, and rendered to the Red Hat Board of Directors its oral opinion that, as of October 28, 2018 and based upon and subject to the

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assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and qualifications and limitations on the scope of review undertaken by Morgan Stanley as set forth in its written opinion, the merger consideration to be received by Red Hat stockholders pursuant to the merger agreement was fair, from a financial point of view, to such Red Hat stockholders (such opinion was subsequently confirmed by delivery of a written opinion dated October 28, 2018 following the meeting). After discussing the proposed transaction and considering the presentations by Skadden, Guggenheim Securities and Morgan Stanley, the Red Hat Board of Directors unanimously (i) determined that the terms of the merger agreement, the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement are fair to and in the best interests of Red Hat and its stockholders; (ii) adopted, approved and declared advisable the execution, delivery and performance of the merger agreement, the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement; (iii) approved, authorized and declared advisable the consummation by Red Hat of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement; (iv) resolved to recommend that Red Hat stockholders vote in favor of the adoption and approval of the merger agreement, the merger and other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement; and (v) resolved to submit the merger agreement to Red Hat stockholders for adoption at a duly held meeting of such stockholders. In connection with the execution of the merger agreement, certain of Red Hat’s executive officers entered into retention arrangements with IBM and new restrictive covenant agreements with IBM.

On October 28, 2018, Red Hat and IBM issued a joint press release announcing the execution of the merger agreement.

Recommendation of Our Board of Directors and Reasons for the Merger

Recommendation of the Red Hat Board of Directors to Adopt the Merger Agreement, thereby Approving the Transactions Contemplated by the Merger Agreement.

On October 28, 2018, the Red Hat Board of Directors, after considering various factors described below, and after consultation with independent legal and financial advisors, unanimously (i) determined that the terms of the merger agreement, the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement are fair to and in the best interests of Red Hat and its stockholders; (ii) adopted, approved and declared advisable the execution, delivery and performance of the merger agreement, the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement; (iii) approved, authorized and declared advisable the consummation by Red Hat of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement; (iv) resolved to recommend that Red Hat stockholders vote in favor of the adoption and approval of the merger agreement, the merger and other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement; and (v) resolved to submit the merger agreement to Red Hat stockholders for adoption at a duly held meeting of such stockholders.

The Red Hat Board of Directors unanimously recommends that you vote “FOR” the proposal to adopt the merger agreement, thereby approving the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the merger.

Reasons for the Merger

In recommending that Red Hat’s stockholders vote in favor of the merger proposal, the Red Hat Board of Directors considered a number of potentially positive factors, including, but not limited to, the following (which factors are not necessarily presented in order of relative importance):

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The Red Hat Board of Directors also considered and balanced against the potentially positive factors a number of uncertainties, risks and other potentially negative factors in its deliberations concerning the merger

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and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including, but not limited to, the following (not necessarily in order of relative importance):

After taking into account all of the factors set forth above, as well as others, the Red Hat Board of Directors concluded that the risks, uncertainties, restrictions and potentially negative factors associated with the merger were outweighed by the potential benefits of the merger to Red Hat’s stockholders.

The foregoing discussion of factors considered by the Red Hat Board of Directors is not intended to be exhaustive, but summarizes the material factors considered by the Red Hat Board of Directors. In light of the variety of factors considered in connection with their evaluation of the merger agreement and the merger, the

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Red Hat Board of Directors did not find it practicable to, and did not, quantify or otherwise assign relative weights to the specific factors considered in reaching their determinations and recommendations. Moreover, each member of the Red Hat Board of Directors applied his or her own personal business judgment to the process and may have given different weight to different factors. The Red Hat Board of Directors did not undertake to make any specific determination as to whether any factor, or any particular aspect of any factor, supported or did not support their ultimate determinations. The Red Hat Board of Directors based their recommendations on the totality of the information presented, including thorough discussions with, and questioning of, Red Hat’s senior management and the Red Hat Board of Directors’ financial advisors and outside legal counsel. It should be noted that this explanation of the reasoning of the Red Hat Board of Directors and certain information presented in this section is forward-looking in nature and should be read in light of the factors set forth in “Forward-Looking Statements” beginning on page 24.

Opinions of Red Hat’s Financial Advisors

Opinion of Guggenheim Securities, LLC

Overview

Red Hat retained Guggenheim Securities as its lead financial advisor in connection with the potential sale of or another extraordinary corporate transaction involving Red Hat, including the merger. In selecting Guggenheim Securities as its lead financial advisor, Red Hat considered that, among other things, Guggenheim Securities has had a long-standing investment banking relationship with Red Hat and had been retained by Red Hat since October 2016 in connection with Red Hat’s exploration and consideration of various strategic and financial alternatives. Guggenheim Securities is an internationally recognized investment banking, financial advisory and securities firm whose senior professionals have substantial experience advising companies in, among other industries, the technology and software sectors. Guggenheim Securities, as part of its investment banking, financial advisory and capital markets businesses, is regularly engaged in the valuation and financial assessment of businesses and securities in connection with mergers and acquisitions, recapitalizations, spin-offs/split-offs, restructurings, securities offerings in both the private and public capital markets and valuations for corporate and other purposes.

At the October 28, 2018 meeting of the Red Hat Board of Directors, Guggenheim Securities rendered an oral opinion, which was confirmed by delivery of a written opinion, to the Red Hat Board of Directors to the effect that, as of October 28, 2018 and based on and subject to the matters considered, the procedures followed, the assumptions made and various limitations of and qualifications to the review undertaken, the merger consideration was fair, from a financial point of view, to Red Hat stockholders.

This description of Guggenheim Securities’ opinion is qualified in its entirety by the full text of the written opinion, which is attached as Annex B to this proxy statement and which you should read carefully and in its entirety. Guggenheim Securities’ written opinion sets forth the matters considered, the procedures followed, the assumptions made and various limitations of and qualifications to the review undertaken by Guggenheim Securities. Guggenheim Securities’ written opinion, which was authorized for issuance by the Fairness Opinion and Valuation Committee of Guggenheim Securities, is necessarily based on economic, capital markets and other conditions, and the information made available to Guggenheim Securities, as of the date of such opinion. Guggenheim Securities has no responsibility for updating or revising its opinion based on facts, circumstances or events occurring after the date of the rendering of the opinion.

In reading the discussion of Guggenheim Securities’ opinion set forth below, you should be aware that such opinion (and, as applicable, any materials provided in connection therewith or the summary of Guggenheim Securities’ underlying financial analyses elsewhere in this proxy statement):

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In the course of performing its reviews and analyses for rendering its opinion, Guggenheim Securities:

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With respect to the information used in arriving at its opinion, Guggenheim Securities noted that:

Guggenheim Securities also noted certain other considerations with respect to its engagement and the rendering of its opinion:

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Summary of Financial Analyses

Overview of Financial Analyses

This “Summary of Financial Analyses” presents a summary of the principal financial analyses performed by Guggenheim Securities and presented to the Red Hat Board of Directors in connection with Guggenheim Securities’ rendering of its opinion. Such presentation to the Red Hat Board of Directors was supplemented by Guggenheim Securities’ oral discussion, the nature and substance of which may not be fully described herein.

Some of the financial analyses summarized below include summary data and information presented in tabular format. In order to understand fully such financial analyses, the summary data and tables must be read together with the full text of the summary. Considering the summary data and tables alone could create a misleading or incomplete view of Guggenheim Securities’ financial analyses.

The preparation of a fairness opinion is a complex process and involves various judgments and determinations as to the most appropriate and relevant financial analyses and the application of those methods to the particular circumstances involved. A fairness opinion therefore is not readily susceptible to partial analysis or summary description, and taking portions of the financial analyses set forth below, without considering such analyses as a whole, would in Guggenheim Securities’ view create an incomplete and misleading picture of the processes underlying the financial analyses considered in rendering Guggenheim Securities’ opinion.

In arriving at its opinion, Guggenheim Securities:

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With respect to the financial analyses performed by Guggenheim Securities in connection with rendering its opinion:

Certain Definitions

Throughout this “Summary of Financial Analyses,” the following financial terms and miscellaneous abbreviations are used in connection with Guggenheim Securities’ various financial analyses:

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Recap of Implied Merger Financial Metrics

Based on the all-cash merger consideration of $190.00 per share of Red Hat common stock, Guggenheim Securities calculated various implied merger-related premia (relative to Red Hat’s stock prices as of October 26, 2018, the last trading day prior to the announcement of the merger) and merger-implied multiples as outlined in the table below. With respect to such merger-implied multiples, each of revenue, EBITDA and LFCF were based on the base case forecast (as defined herein) as reflected in, or derived from, the forecasts for Red Hat as provided and approved for Guggenheim Securities’ use by Red Hat’s senior management.

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Merger-Implied Premia and Merger-Implied Multiples

Red Hat Change-of-Control Financial Analyses

Recap of Red Hat Change-of-Control Financial Analyses. In evaluating Red Hat in connection with rendering its opinion, Guggenheim Securities performed various financial analyses which are summarized in the table below and described in more detail elsewhere herein, including discounted cash flow analyses and selected precedent merger and acquisition transactions analysis. Solely for informational reference purposes, Guggenheim Securities also performed selected publicly-traded companies analysis and reviewed the historical trading price range for Red Hat common stock and Wall Street equity research analysts’ price targets for Red Hat common stock. Guggenheim Securities’ change-of-control financial analyses were rounded to the nearest $0.50 (with the exception of Red Hat’s stock price range during the past year and Wall Street equity research analysts price targets, both of which were as reported).

In assessing and utilizing the risk forecast, the base case forecast and the outperform forecast for purposes of its financial analyses and opinion, Guggenheim Securities took into account its various discussions with the Red

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Hat Board of Directors and senior management regarding the risks and uncertainties of achieving the risk forecast, the base case forecast and the outperform forecast, respectively, in light of (i) the current and prospective industry conditions and competitive dynamics facing Red Hat, (ii) Red Hat’s recent financial performance, (iii) the key commercial, operational and financial drivers of the risk forecast, the base case forecast and the outperform forecast, respectively, and (iv) various other facts and circumstances regarding the risk forecast, the base case forecast and the outperform forecast. For more detail regarding the forecasts, see the section entitled “Proposal 1: Adoption of the Merger Agreement — The Merger — Financial Forecast.”

Recap of Red Hat Change-of-Control Financial Analyses

Red Hat Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Analyses. Guggenheim Securities performed stand-alone discounted cash flow analyses of Red Hat based on projected after-tax unlevered free cash flows (after deduction of SBC) for Red Hat and an estimate of its terminal/continuing value at the end of the projection horizon. In performing its discounted cash flow analyses with respect to Red Hat:

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Guggenheim Securities’ discounted cash flow analyses resulted in overall per share reference ranges (rounded to the nearest $0.50) for purposes of evaluating Red Hat common stock on a stand-alone intrinsic-value basis as outlined in the table below:

Recap of Red Hat Stand-Alone DCF Analyses

Guggenheim Securities noted that the all-cash merger consideration of $190.00 per share of Red Hat common stock exceeded the foregoing stand-alone DCF-based reference ranges for Red Hat, which in Guggenheim Securities’ view supported its assessment of the financial fairness of the merger consideration.

Red Hat Selected Precedent Merger and Acquisition Transactions Analysis. Guggenheim Securities reviewed and analyzed certain financial metrics associated with selected precedent merger and acquisition transactions that Guggenheim Securities deemed relevant for purposes of this analysis. Guggenheim Securities characterized these selected precedent merger and acquisition transactions as “Enterprise SaaS” transactions or “Enterprise Cloud/Infrastructure” transactions based on the business characteristics of the relevant target companies. Guggenheim Securities calculated, among other things and to the extent publicly available, certain implied change-of-control transaction multiples for the selected precedent merger and acquisition transactions (based on Wall Street equity research consensus estimates, each company’s most recent publicly available financial filings and certain other publicly available information), which are summarized in the table below:

Red Hat Selected Precedent Merger and Acquisition (M&A) Transactions Analysis

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In performing its selected precedent merger and acquisition transactions analysis with respect to Red Hat:

Guggenheim Securities’ selected precedent merger and acquisition transactions analysis resulted in an overall reference range of $146.50 – $207.50 per share (rounded to the nearest $0.50) for purposes of evaluating Red Hat common stock on a change-of-control basis.

In connection with its selected precedent merger and acquisition transactions analysis with respect to Red Hat, Guggenheim Securities noted the following factors which in its view supported its assessment of the financial fairness of the merger consideration:

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Other Financial Reviews and Analyses Solely for Informational Reference Purposes

In order to provide certain context for the financial analyses in connection with its opinion as described above, Guggenheim Securities undertook various additional financial reviews and analyses as summarized below solely for informational reference purposes. As a general matter, Guggenheim Securities did not consider such additional financial reviews and analyses to be determinative methodologies for purposes of its opinion.

Premia/(Discounts) Paid in Selected Precedent Merger and Acquisition Transactions. Guggenheim Securities reviewed, based on publicly available information, the implied premia/(discounts) paid or proposed to be paid in connection with the selected precedent merger and acquisition transactions listed above in Guggenheim Securities’ section entitled “Red Hat Selected Precedent Merger and Acquisition Transactions Analysis.” Guggenheim Securities noted that such precedent M&A transaction-related premia/(discounts) ranged from (i) 1.9% – 64.2% based on the target company’s unaffected spot closing stock price and (ii) (4.1%) – 70.9% based on the target company’s unaffected 20-day VWAP. Guggenheim Securities further noted that, in connection with the merger, the merger-implied premia (based on the all-cash merger consideration of $190.00 per share of Red Hat common stock) were 62.8% versus Red Hat’s spot closing stock price of $116.68 on October 26, 2018 (the last trading day prior to the announcement of the merger) and 52.7% based on Red Hat’s 20-day VWAP of $124.42 as of such date, thereby ranking the merger-implied premia at the upper end of the transaction-related premia observed in such selected precedent merger and acquisition transactions.

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Red Hat Selected Publicly-Traded Companies Analysis. Guggenheim Securities reviewed and analyzed Red Hat’s historical stock price performance, trading metrics and historical and projected/forecasted financial performance compared to corresponding data for selected publicly-traded companies that Guggenheim Securities deemed relevant for purposes of this analysis. Guggenheim Securities characterized these selected publicly-traded companies as “Public Cloud Platforms,” “Private/Hybrid Cloud Providers,” “SaaS” and “Incumbent Technology Providers” based on the business characteristics of the relevant companies. Guggenheim Securities calculated, among other things, various public market trading multiples for Red Hat and the selected publicly-traded companies (in the case of the selected publicly-traded companies, based on Wall Street equity research consensus estimates and each company’s most recent publicly available financial filings), which are summarized in the table below:

Red Hat Selected Publicly-Traded Companies Analysis

In performing its selected publicly-traded companies analysis with respect to Red Hat:

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Guggenheim Securities’ selected publicly-traded companies analysis resulted in an overall reference range of $105.00 – $140.50 per share (rounded to the nearest $0.50) for purposes of evaluating Red Hat common stock on a stand-alone public market trading basis, as compared to Red Hat’s spot closing stock price of $116.68 on October 26, 2018 (the last trading day prior to the announcement of the merger) and Red Hat’s 20-day VWAP of $124.42 as of such date. Guggenheim Securities noted that the foregoing evaluation of Red Hat common stock did not reflect any acquisition premium that typically is paid in connection with change-of-control transactions such as the merger.

Red Hat Stock Price Trading History. Guggenheim Securities reviewed Red Hat’s stock price trading history from October 26, 2013 through October 26, 2018 (the last trading day prior to the announcement of the merger). Among other things, Guggenheim Securities noted that the all-cash merger consideration of $190.00 per share of Red Hat common stock exceeded Red Hat’s all-time high spot closing stock price of $176.27 on June 18, 2018 and exceeded Red Hat’s spot closing stock price of $116.68 on October 26, 2018 and Red Hat’s 20-day VWAP of $124.42 as of such date.

Red Hat Wall Street Equity Research Analyst Stock Price Targets. Guggenheim Securities reviewed selected Wall Street equity research analyst stock price targets for Red Hat as published prior to October 26, 2018 (the last trading day prior to the announcement of the merger). Guggenheim Securities noted that such Wall Street equity research analyst stock price targets for Red Hat common stock ranged from $125.00 to $186.00 per share, with the average price target being $159.62. For comparison purposes, Guggenheim Securities noted that the all-cash merger consideration was $190.00 per share of Red Hat common stock, Red Hat’s spot closing stock price was $116.68 on October 26, 2018 and Red Hat’s 20-day VWAP was $124.42 as of such date.

Other Considerations

Except as described in the summary above, Red Hat did not provide specific instructions to, or place any limitations on, Guggenheim Securities with respect to the procedures to be followed or factors to be considered in performing its financial analyses or providing its opinion. The type and amount of consideration payable in the merger were determined through negotiations between Red Hat and IBM and were approved by the Red Hat Board of Directors. The decision to enter into the merger agreement was solely that of the Red Hat Board of Directors. Guggenheim Securities’ opinion was just one of the many factors taken into consideration by the Red Hat Board of Directors. Consequently, Guggenheim Securities’ financial analyses should not be viewed as determinative of the decision of the Red Hat Board of Directors with respect to the fairness, from a financial point of view, of the merger consideration to Red Hat stockholders.

Pursuant to the terms of Guggenheim Securities’ engagement, Red Hat has agreed to pay Guggenheim Securities a cash transaction fee (based on a percentage of the aggregate value associated with the merger) upon consummation of the merger, which cash transaction fee currently is estimated to be approximately $79.5 million. Red Hat has previously paid Guggenheim Securities a cash milestone fee of approximately $11.9 million that became payable upon delivery of Guggenheim Securities’ opinion and which will be credited against the foregoing cash transaction fee. In addition, Red Hat has agreed to reimburse Guggenheim Securities for certain expenses and to indemnify Guggenheim Securities against certain liabilities arising out of its engagement.

During the two years prior to the rendering of its opinion, Guggenheim Securities had previously been engaged by each of Red Hat and IBM to provide financial advisory or investment banking services in connection

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with matters unrelated to the merger, for which Guggenheim Securities received compensation. Specifically, during the past two years Guggenheim Securities was engaged as a consultant to Red Hat with respect to various strategic and financial alternatives and received agreed upon fees (including, among other matters, in respect of Red Hat’s acquisition of CoreOS, Inc. in 2018). In addition, Guggenheim Securities acted as financial advisor to IBM in connection with its acquisition of Promontory Financial Group, LLC, which closed in November 2016 and for which Guggenheim Securities received an agreed upon fee. Guggenheim Securities may seek to provide Red Hat, IBM and their respective affiliates with certain financial advisory and investment banking services unrelated to the merger in the future, for which services Guggenheim Securities would expect to receive compensation.

Guggenheim Securities and its affiliates and related entities engage in a wide range of financial services activities for its and their own accounts and the accounts of customers, including but not limited to: asset, investment and wealth management; insurance services; investment banking, corporate finance, mergers and acquisitions and restructuring; merchant banking; fixed income and equity sales, trading and research; and derivatives, foreign exchange and futures. In the ordinary course of these activities, Guggenheim Securities and its affiliates and related entities may (i) provide such financial services to Red Hat, IBM, other participants in the merger and their respective affiliates, for which services Guggenheim Securities and its affiliates and related entities may have received, and may in the future receive, compensation and (ii) directly and indirectly hold long and short positions, trade and otherwise conduct such activities in or with respect to loans, debt and equity securities and derivative products of or relating to Red Hat, IBM, other participants in the merger and their respective affiliates. Furthermore, Guggenheim Securities and its affiliates and related entities and its or their respective directors, officers, employees, consultants and agents may have investments in Red Hat, IBM, other participants in the merger and their respective affiliates.

Consistent with applicable legal and regulatory guidelines, Guggenheim Securities has adopted certain policies and procedures to establish and maintain the independence of its research departments and personnel. As a result, Guggenheim Securities’ research analysts may hold views, make statements or investment recommendations and publish research reports with respect to Red Hat, IBM, other participants in the merger and their respective affiliates and the merger that differ from the views of Guggenheim Securities’ investment banking personnel.

Opinion of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

Morgan Stanley was retained by Red Hat to act as its financial advisor in connection with the merger and to provide financial advisory services in connection with the merger. Red Hat selected Morgan Stanley to act as its financial advisor based on Morgan Stanley’s qualifications, expertise and reputation, and its knowledge and understanding of Red Hat’s business and affairs. On October 28, 2018, Morgan Stanley rendered its oral opinion, subsequently confirmed by delivery of a written opinion dated October 28, 2018, to the effect that, as of such date, and based upon and subject to the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and qualifications and limitations on the scope of review undertaken by Morgan Stanley as set forth in its written opinion, the merger consideration to be received by Red Hat stockholders pursuant to the merger agreement was fair from a financial point of view to such Red Hat stockholders.

The full text of the written opinion of Morgan Stanley dated October 28, 2018, is attached as Annex C to this proxy statement, and is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The opinion sets forth, among other things, the assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and qualifications and limitations on the scope of the review undertaken by Morgan Stanley in rendering its opinion. The summary of the opinion of Morgan Stanley set forth in this proxy statement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the opinion. You are encouraged to read Morgan Stanley’s opinion and the summary of Morgan Stanley’s opinion below carefully and in their entirety. Morgan Stanley’s opinion was directed to the Red Hat Board of Directors, in its capacity as such, and addressed only the fairness from a

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financial point of view of the merger consideration to be received by Red Hat stockholders pursuant to the merger agreement as of the date of the opinion and did not address any other aspects or implications of the merger. Morgan Stanley’s opinion was not intended to, and does not, constitute advice or a recommendation to any Red Hat stockholder as to how to vote at the special meeting to be held in connection with the merger or whether to take any other action with respect to the merger.

For purposes of rendering its opinion, Morgan Stanley, among other things:

In arriving at its opinion, Morgan Stanley assumed and relied upon, without independent verification, the accuracy and completeness of the information that was publicly available or supplied or otherwise made available to it by Red Hat, and formed a substantial basis for its opinion. With respect to the financial projections, Morgan Stanley assumed that they had been reasonably prepared on bases reflecting the best then-currently available estimates and judgments of the management of Red Hat of the future financial performance of Red Hat. In addition, Morgan Stanley assumed that the merger will be consummated in accordance with the terms set forth in the merger agreement without any waiver, amendment or delay of any terms or conditions, including, among other things, that IBM will obtain financing in accordance with the terms set forth in the commitment letter, and that the definitive merger agreement would not differ in any material respect from the draft thereof furnished to it, except as would not be material to Morgan Stanley’s opinion. Morgan Stanley assumed that in connection with the receipt of all the necessary governmental, regulatory or other approvals and consents required for the merger, no delays, limitations, conditions or restrictions will be imposed that would have a material adverse effect on the contemplated benefits expected to be derived in the merger. Morgan Stanley is not a legal, tax, regulatory or actuarial advisor. Morgan Stanley is a financial advisor only and relied upon, without independent verification, the assessment of Red Hat and its legal, tax, or regulatory advisors with respect to legal, tax, or regulatory matters. Morgan Stanley expressed no opinion with respect to the fairness of the amount or nature of the compensation to any of Red Hat’s officers, directors or employees, or any class of such persons, relative to the merger consideration to be received by Red Hat stockholders in the merger. Morgan Stanley did not make any independent valuation or appraisal of the assets or liabilities of Red Hat, nor was it furnished with any such valuations or appraisals. Morgan Stanley’s opinion was necessarily based on financial, economic, market and

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other conditions as in effect on, and the information made available to Morgan Stanley as of, October 28, 2018. Events occurring after such date may affect Morgan Stanley’s opinion and the assumptions used in preparing it, and Morgan Stanley did not assume any obligation to update, revise or reaffirm its opinion.

Summary of Financial Analyses

The following is a summary of the material financial analyses performed by Morgan Stanley in connection with its oral opinion and the preparation of its written opinion letter dated October 28, 2018 to the Red Hat Board of Directors. The following summary is not a complete description of Morgan Stanley’s opinion or the financial analyses performed and factors considered by Morgan Stanley in connection with its opinion, nor does the order of analyses described represent the relative importance or weight given to those analyses. Except as otherwise noted, the following quantitative information, to the extent that it is based on market data, is based on market data as it existed on or before October 26, 2018, which we refer to as the unaffected date, which was the last trading day prior to the meeting of the Red Hat Board of Directors on October 28, 2018 to approve the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger and determine and declare the advisability of the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the merger. The various analyses summarized below were based, as applicable, on the closing price of $116.68 per share of Red Hat common stock as of the unaffected date, the last trading day preceding the October 28, 2018 presentation by Morgan Stanley to the Red Hat Board of Directors, and are not necessarily indicative of current market conditions.

Some of the financial analyses summarized below are included in tabular format. In order to fully understand the financial analyses, the tables must be read together with the text of each summary. The tables alone do not constitute a complete description of the financial analyses. The analyses listed in the tables and described below must be considered as a whole. Considering any portion of such analyses and of the factors considered, without considering all analyses and factors, could create a misleading or incomplete view of the process underlying Morgan Stanley’s opinion.

In performing the financial analyses summarized below and arriving at its opinion, Morgan Stanley used and relied upon the base case forecast, risk forecast and outperform forecast provided by Red Hat management. For more information, see the section entitled “Proposal 1: Adoption of the Merger Agreement — The Merger — Financial Forecast” beginning on page 69. In accordance with discussions with Red Hat, Morgan Stanley also used and relied upon certain financial projections based on Wall Street research reports, which we refer to as the street case.

Public Trading Comparables Analysis

Morgan Stanley performed a public trading comparables analysis, which attempts to provide an implied value of a company by comparing it to similar companies that are publicly traded.

Morgan Stanley reviewed and compared certain publicly available and internal financial information (including the forecasts and certain financial projections from Wall Street research reports) for Red Hat with comparable publicly available consensus equity analyst research estimates for companies, selected based on Morgan Stanley’s professional judgment and experience, that share similar business characteristics and have certain comparable operating characteristics with Red Hat, including similar lines of business, market capitalizations and/or other similar operating characteristics. For purposes of this analysis, with respect to the forecasts, Morgan Stanley used the base case forecast because, in the assessment of Red Hat management, the base case forecast reflected the most likely standalone financial forecast of Red Hat’s business and because the differences between the three cases were not material in calendar years 2019 and 2020. For purposes of this analysis, Morgan Stanley used Red Hat’s fiscal year ending February 2020 as a proxy for calendar year 2019 and Red Hat’s fiscal year ending February 2021 as a proxy for calendar year 2020. The publicly-traded comparable companies that were reviewed in connection with this analysis were: Adobe Inc., which we refer to as Adobe, salesforce.com, inc., which we refer to as salesforce, Microsoft Corporation, which we refer to as Microsoft,

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Pivotal Software Inc., which we refer to as Pivotal, VMware, Inc., which we refer to as VMware, Citrix Systems, Inc., which we refer to as CTXS, Oracle Corporation, which we refer to as Oracle, SAP SE, which we refer to as SAP, Symantec Corporation, which we refer to as Symantec, and IBM (which collectively we refer to as the comparable companies). Morgan Stanley characterized a subset of these comparable companies, comprised of Adobe, salesforce, Microsoft, Pivotal and VMware, that share similar business, financial and operating characteristics with Red Hat as the business comparable companies.

For purposes of this analysis, Morgan Stanley analyzed the ratio of aggregate value, which we refer to as AV, defined as the fully diluted market capitalization plus total debt and non-controlling interests, less cash and equivalents, to an estimate of revenue and unlevered free cash flow, which we refer to as UFCF, defined as operating cash flow (excluding net interest income and expenses) less capital expenditures, for calendar years 2019 and 2020, in each case, for each of the comparable companies, based on publicly available financial data and Wall Street research reports.

The following table presents the results of this analysis:

Based on the results of this analysis and its professional judgment and experience, Morgan Stanley applied:

No company utilized in the public trading comparables analysis is identical to Red Hat. In evaluating and selecting comparable companies, Morgan Stanley made judgments and assumptions with respect to industry

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performance, general business, regulatory, economic, market and financial conditions and other matters, which are beyond Red Hat’s control. These include, among other things, the impact of competition on Red Hat’s businesses and the industry generally, industry growth and the absence of any material change in Red Hat’s financial condition and prospects and the industry, and in the financial markets in general. Mathematical analysis (such as determining the average or median) is not in itself a meaningful method of using comparable company data.

Discounted Cash Flow Analysis

Morgan Stanley performed a discounted cash flow analysis, which is designed to provide an implied value of a company by calculating the present value of the estimated future cash flows and terminal value of such company. Morgan Stanley calculated a range of equity values per share for Red Hat common stock based on this discounted cash flow analysis to value Red Hat on a standalone basis.

Morgan Stanley performed a discounted cash flow analysis for each of the three scenarios composing the forecasts (including the extrapolated forecast). For each of the base case forecast, the risk forecast and the outperform forecast, Red Hat management’s projections were prepared for the fiscal years ending February 28, 2019 through February 28, 2034.

Morgan Stanley first calculated the estimated unlevered free cash flows of Red Hat based on the forecasts for the period from fiscal year 2019 through fiscal year 2034. The estimated unlevered cash flows were calculated as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, less (i) stock based compensation, (ii) less taxes at the effective tax rate, (iii) less capital expenditures, (iv) less capital expenditures for acquisitions, (v) plus or less changes in net working capital. Morgan Stanley also calculated a range of terminal values by applying perpetuity growth rates ranging from 2.0% to 3.0%, selected by Morgan Stanley based upon the application of its professional judgment and experience, to the estimated unlevered free cash flows of Red Hat after February 28, 2034. Relying on the forecasts, Morgan Stanley also calculated the amount of net operating losses and other tax shield benefits that Red Hat management projected would accrue and/or be utilized for the period from fiscal year 2019 through fiscal year 2034 (we refer to such net operating losses and other tax shield benefits as tax attributes).

Morgan Stanley then discounted the unlevered free cash flows, terminal values and tax attributes to their present values as of December 31, 2018, using the mid-year discount convention and discount rates ranging from 9.5% to 10.5%. These discount rates were selected, upon the application of Morgan Stanley’s professional judgment and experience, to reflect Red Hat’s estimated weighted average cost of capital.

Based on the number of shares of Red Hat common stock outstanding and the dilutive securities schedule provided to Morgan Stanley by Red Hat management as of October 19, 2018, Morgan Stanley calculated the estimated implied value per share of Red Hat common stock as follows:

Precedent Transactions Analysis

Morgan Stanley performed a precedent transactions analysis, which is designed to imply a value of a company based on publicly available financial terms and premiums of selected transactions. Morgan Stanley compared publicly available statistics for select software company transactions, selected based upon Morgan Stanley’s professional judgment and experience, that were announced since 2013 and where the aggregate transaction value was greater than $2.5 billion.

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The following is a list of the precedent software transactions reviewed:

Morgan Stanley reviewed the transactions above for, among other things, the ratio of the AV of each transaction to each target company’s revenue for the 12-month period following the announcement date, which we refer to as NTM revenue, and each target company’s UFCF for the 12-month period following the announcement date, which we refer to as NTM UFCF. Morgan Stanley determined that, with respect to all such transactions, the bottom quartile, median, mean and top quartile for each of NTM AV/UFCF and NTM AV/revenue were as set out in the table below:

Based on the results of this analysis and its professional judgment and experience, Morgan Stanley applied a NTM AV/UFCF range of 22.5x – 28.5x to the street case projections for Red Hat’s NTM UFCF, which resulted in an implied per share equity value reference range for a share of Red Hat common stock of $136.20 to $168.77 (as compared to Red Hat’s closing share price of $116.68 as at the unaffected date and the merger consideration under the merger agreement of $190.00 per share). Based on the results of this analysis and its professional judgment and experience, Morgan Stanley applied a NTM AV/revenue range of 6.5x – 8.5x to the street case projections for Red Hat’s NTM revenue, which resulted in an implied per share equity value reference range for a share of Red Hat common stock of $139.01 to $177.45 (as compared to Red Hat’s closing share price of $116.68 as at the unaffected date and the merger consideration under the merger agreement of $190.00 per share).

No company or transaction utilized in the precedent transactions analysis is identical to Red Hat or the merger. In evaluating the precedent transactions, Morgan Stanley made judgments and assumptions with respect

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to industry performance, general business, regulatory, economic, market and financial conditions and other matters, many of which are beyond Red Hat’s control. These include, among other things, the impact of competition on Red Hat’s business and the industry generally, industry growth, and the absence of any material change in the financial condition and prospects of Red Hat and the industry, and in the financial markets in general, which could affect the public trading value of the companies and the aggregate value and equity value of the transactions to which they are being compared. The fact that points in the range of Red Hat’s implied value per share of Red Hat common stock derived from the valuation of precedent transactions were less than or greater than the merger consideration is not necessarily dispositive in connection with Morgan Stanley’s analysis of the merger consideration, but is one of many factors Morgan Stanley considered.

Premiums Paid Analysis

For reference only, and not as a component of its fairness analysis, Morgan Stanley considered, based on publicly available transaction information, the premiums paid in the precedent transactions listed in the section above captioned “Precedent Transactions Analysis”.

Morgan Stanley measured the premiums paid in the transactions described above over: (i) the closing price of the target company’s stock on the unaffected date (i.e., the day prior to a public announcement related to the transaction or prior to the share price being affected by acquisition rumors or similar merger-related news), which we refer to as the 1-Day Prior Price Premium; and (ii) the arithmetic average of the closing price of the target company’s stock for the 30 trading days preceding the target’s unaffected date, which we refer to as the 30-Day Average Price Premium. Morgan Stanley determined that, with respect to all such transactions, the top quartile, the median and the bottom quartile of the 1-Day Prior Price Premiums were 43.5%, 26.1% and 14.5% respectively. Based on the results of this analysis and its professional judgment and experience, Morgan Stanley applied a 1-Day Prior Price Premium range of 25% to 45% to Red Hat’s closing share price as at the unaffected date resulting in an implied price per share range of $145.85 to $169.19. Morgan Stanley also noted that the merger consideration under the merger agreement implied a 1-Day Prior Price Premium of 63% for Red Hat, as at the unaffected date.

Morgan Stanley determined that, with respect to all such transactions, the top quartile, the median, and the bottom quartile of the 30 Day Average Price Premiums were 50.2%, 35.6% and 15.1% respectively. Based on the results of this analysis and its professional judgment and experience, Morgan Stanley applied a 30-Day Average Price Premium range of 35% to 50% to Red Hat’s 30-day average share price (calculated as the arithmetic average of Red Hat’s closing share price for the 30 trading days preceding the unaffected date, resulting in an implied price per share range of $172.90 to $192.12. Morgan Stanley also noted that the merger consideration under the merger agreement implied a 30-Day Average Price Premium of 48% for Red Hat.

No company or transaction utilized in the premiums paid analysis is identical to Red Hat or the merger. In evaluating the precedent transactions used for the premiums paid analysis, Morgan Stanley made assumptions with respect to industry performance, general business, regulatory, economic, market and financial conditions and other matters, many of which are beyond Red Hat’s control. These include, among other things, the impact of competition on Red Hat’s business and the industry generally, industry growth, and the absence of any material change in the financial condition and prospects of Red Hat and the industry, and in the financial markets in general, which could affect the public trading value of the companies and the aggregate value and equity value of the transactions to which they are being compared. The fact that points in the range of implied value per share of Red Hat common stock derived from the premiums paid analysis were less than or greater than the merger consideration is not necessarily dispositive in connection with Morgan Stanley’s analysis of the merger consideration, but is one of many factors Morgan Stanley considered.

Equity Research Analysts’ Price Target Analysis

For reference only, and not as a component of its fairness analysis, Morgan Stanley reviewed the future public trading price targets for shares of Red Hat common stock prepared and published by selected equity

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research analysts prior to the unaffected date. These future share price targets reflected each analyst’s estimate as of the date of publication of the future public market trading price of shares of Red Hat common stock and were not discounted to reflect present values. Morgan Stanley observed that the range between the 25^th percentile to the 75^th percentile of undiscounted analysts’ unaffected price targets for shares of Red Hat common stock prior to the unaffected date was $150.00 to $169.75, as compared to the merger consideration under the merger agreement of $190.00 per share of Red Hat common stock. In order to better compare the equity research analysts’ future share price targets with the merger consideration payable under the merger agreement, Morgan Stanley discounted the range of analysts’ future share price targets for Red Hat using a 10.1% discount rate (which rate was selected based on Morgan Stanley’s professional judgment and experience to reflect Red Hat’s cost of equity). This analysis indicated an implied range of equity values per share of Red Hat common stock of $136.21 to $154.15.

The public market trading price targets published by equity research analysts do not necessarily reflect current market trading prices for shares of Red Hat common stock and these estimates are subject to uncertainties, including the future financial performance of Red Hat and future financial market conditions.

Historical Trading Range Analysis

For reference only, and not as a component of its fairness analysis, Morgan Stanley reviewed the historical trading range of shares of Red Hat common stock for the period commencing on Red Hat’s initial public offering date of August 11, 1999 and ending on the unaffected date, and observed that the merger consideration under the merger agreement of $190 per share of Red Hat common stock was higher than the all-time daily closing high of $176.27 per share during this period.

For reference only, and not as a component of its fairness analysis, Morgan Stanley also reviewed the historical trading range of shares of Red Hat common stock for: (i) the three month period commencing on July 28, 2018 and ending on the unaffected date, noting the daily closing price per share of Red Hat common stock ranged from $116.68 to $151.90 during this period; (ii) the six month period commencing April 26, 2018 and ending on the unaffected date, noting that the daily closing price per share of Red Hat common stock ranged from $116.68 to $176.27 during this period; and (iii) the 12-month period commencing October 26, 2017 and ending on the unaffected date, noting that the daily closing price per share of Red Hat common stock ranged from $116.68 to $176.27 during this period.

General

Morgan Stanley performed a variety of financial and comparative analyses for purposes of rendering its opinion. The preparation of a financial opinion is a complex process and is not necessarily susceptible to a partial analysis or summary description. In arriving at its opinion, Morgan Stanley considered the results of all of its analyses as a whole and did not attribute any particular weight to any analysis or factor it considered. Morgan Stanley believes that selecting any portion of its analyses, without considering all analyses as a whole, would create an incomplete view of the process underlying its analyses and opinion. In addition, Morgan Stanley may have given various analyses and factors more or less weight than other analyses and factors, and may have deemed various assumptions more or less probable than other assumptions. As a result, the ranges of valuations resulting from any particular analysis described above should not be taken to be Morgan Stanley’s view of the actual value of Red Hat.

In performing its analyses, Morgan Stanley made numerous assumptions with regard to industry performance, general business, regulatory, economic, market and financial conditions and other matters, which are beyond the control of Red Hat. These include, among other things, the impact of competition on the business of Red Hat and the industry generally, industry growth, and the absence of any material change in the financial condition and prospects of Red Hat and the industry, and in the financial markets in general. Any estimates contained in Morgan Stanley’s analyses are not necessarily indicative of future results or actual values, which may be significantly more or less favorable than those suggested by such estimates.

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Morgan Stanley conducted the analyses described above solely as part of its analysis of the fairness, from a financial point of view, of the merger consideration pursuant to the merger agreement to Red Hat stockholders, and in connection with the delivery of its opinion to the Red Hat Board of Directors. These analyses do not purport to be appraisals or to reflect the prices at which shares of Red Hat common stock might actually trade.

The merger consideration was determined through arm’s-length negotiations between Red Hat and IBM and was approved by the Red Hat Board of Directors. Morgan Stanley acted as financial advisor to Red Hat during these negotiations but did not, however, recommend any specific form or amount of merger consideration to Red Hat or the Red Hat Board of Directors, nor opine that any specific consideration constituted the only appropriate consideration for the merger. In addition, Morgan Stanley’s opinion did not address the relative merits of the merger as compared to any other alternative business transactions, and Morgan Stanley’s opinion expressed no opinion or recommendation as to how Red Hat stockholders should act or vote at the special meeting to be held in connection with the merger or whether to take any other action with respect to the merger. In addition, Morgan Stanley’s opinion did not in any manner address the prices at which shares of Red Hat common stock will trade following consummation of the merger or at any time.

Morgan Stanley’s opinion and its presentation to the Red Hat Board of Directors was one of many factors taken into consideration by the Red Hat Board of Directors in deciding to approve the execution, delivery and performance by Red Hat of the merger agreement and the transaction contemplated thereby. Consequently, the analyses as described above should not be viewed as determinative of the opinion of the Red Hat Board of Directors with respect to the merger consideration pursuant to the merger agreement or whether the Red Hat Board of Directors would have been willing to agree to different consideration. Morgan Stanley’s opinion was approved by a committee of Morgan Stanley investment banking and other professionals in accordance with its customary practice.

Red Hat retained Morgan Stanley based on Morgan Stanley’s qualifications, experience and expertise and its familiarity with Red Hat. Morgan Stanley is a global financial services firm engaged in the securities, investment management and individual wealth management businesses. Its securities business is engaged in securities underwriting, trading and brokerage activities, foreign exchange, commodities and derivatives trading, prime brokerage, as well as providing investment banking, financing and financial advisory services. Morgan Stanley, its affiliates, directors and officers may at any time invest on a principal basis or manage funds that invest, hold long or short positions, finance positions, and may trade or otherwise structure and effect transactions, for their own account or the accounts of its customers, in debt or equity securities or loans of IBM, Red Hat, or any other company, or any currency or commodity, that may be involved in the merger, or any related derivative instrument.

Under the terms of its engagement letter, Morgan Stanley provided Red Hat financial advisory services and a financial opinion, described in this section and attached to this proxy statement as Annex C, in connection with the merger. Red Hat has agreed to pay Morgan Stanley a fee of not less than approximately $43.3 million for its services, approximately $6.5 million of which was paid in connection with the delivery of the fairness opinion and approximately $36.8 million of which is contingent upon consummation of the merger. Red Hat has also agreed to reimburse Morgan Stanley for its reasonable and documented expenses, including fees of outside counsel and other professional advisors, incurred from time to time in connection with this engagement. In addition, Red Hat has agreed to indemnify Morgan Stanley and its affiliates, its and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents and each other person, if any, controlling Morgan Stanley or any of its affiliates, against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, relating to, arising out of or in connection with Morgan Stanley’s engagement.

In the two years prior to the date of its opinion, Morgan Stanley or its affiliates have provided financing services for Red Hat and has received fees in connection with such services of approximately less than $1 million in the aggregate. In addition, Morgan Stanley is a counterparty to Red Hat with respect to certain convertible note hedge and warrants transactions entered into in connection with Red Hat’s issuance of $805 million principal

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amount of convertible notes due in 2019. The consummation of the merger, to the extent it occurs prior to the expiration of the warrants transactions, will result in the unwind of warrants, and an expected payment to be made by Red Hat to Morgan Stanley, in an amount to be calculated at the time of closing of the merger. As of the date hereof, in connection with early conversions by holders of the convertible notes, a substantial portion of the convertible note hedge transaction has been exercised by Red Hat. Based on the current share price of Red Hat and remaining time to maturity of the convertible notes in 2019, all or a substantial portion of the remaining convertible note hedge transaction may be exercised prior to closing of the merger.

In the two years prior to the date of its opinion, Morgan Stanley has not been engaged on any financial advisory or financing assignments for IBM, and has not received any fees for such services from IBM during this time. Morgan Stanley may also seek to provide financial advisory and financing services to IBM and Red Hat and their respective affiliates in the future and would expect to receive fees for the rendering of these services.

Financial Forecast

In connection with Red Hat’s evaluation of the merger, Red Hat management prepared non-public financial forecasts as to the potential future performance of Red Hat for the fiscal years 2019-2024, which we refer to as the base case forecast. In addition, Red Hat management prepared two alternative forecasts for the years 2019-2024, which we refer to collectively as the alternative forecasts. The first alternative forecast, which we refer to as the risk forecast, used significantly more negative assumptions about the performance of Red Hat, including lower revenue growth and pricing pressures than the base case forecast. The second alternative forecast, which we refer to as the outperform forecast, used significantly more positive assumptions about the performance of Red Hat than the base case forecast, including pervasive adoption of Red Hat’s products and increased investments in both organic and inorganic growth opportunities. Red Hat provided the Red Hat Board of Directors, and its advisors, including Guggenheim Securities and Morgan Stanley, with each of the base case forecast and the alternative forecasts in connection with their financial analyses summarized under Proposal 1: Adoption of the Merger Agreement – The Merger “Opinions of Red Hat’s Financial Advisors” beginning on page 47. The base case forecast, the alternative forecasts and the extrapolated forecasts (as defined herein) are collectively referred to herein as the forecasts.

Red Hat does not normally publicly disclose long-term forecasts or projections as to future revenue, earnings or other results due to, among other reasons, the uncertainty, unpredictability and subjectivity of the underlying assumptions and estimates, including the difficulty of predicting general economic and market conditions. The forecasts were not prepared with a view to public disclosure and are included in this proxy statement only because such information was made available as described above. The forecasts were not prepared with a view to compliance with generally accepted accounting principles as applied in the United States, which we refer to as GAAP, the published guidelines of the SEC regarding projections and forward-looking statements or the guidelines established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants for preparation and presentation of prospective financial information. The prospective financial information included in this proxy statement has been prepared by, and is the responsibility of, Red Hat’s management. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP has not audited, reviewed, examined, compiled nor applied agreed-upon procedures with respect to the accompanying prospective financial information and, accordingly, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP does not express an opinion or any other form of assurance with respect thereto. The PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP report included in this proxy statement relates to Red Hat’s previously issued financial statements. It does not extend to the prospective financial information and should not be read to do so.

Although a summary of the forecasts is presented with numerical specificity, the forecasts reflect numerous assumptions and estimates as to future events made by our management, including with respect to demand for Red Hat’s products and services, capital expenditure levels for the applicable periods, acquisition related expenditure levels for the applicable periods and other matters, many of which are difficult to predict and subject to significant economic and competitive uncertainties beyond Red Hat’s control, that our management believed in good faith were reasonable at the time the forecasts were prepared, taking into account the relevant

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information available to management at the time. However, this information is not fact and should not be relied upon as necessarily indicative of actual future results. Important factors that may affect actual results and cause the forecasts not to be achieved include general economic and financial conditions, industry performance, accuracy of certain accounting assumptions, changes in actual or projected cash flows, competitive pressures and other factors described or referenced under the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” beginning on page 24. In addition, the forecasts do not take into account any circumstances or events occurring after the date that they were prepared and do not give effect to the merger. As a result, there can be no assurance that the forecasts will or would be realized, and actual results may be materially better or worse than those contained in the forecasts.

The forecasts are not a reliable indication of future results, and Red Hat and its management team and advisors do not endorse the forecasts as such, and they do not make any representation to readers of this document concerning the ultimate performance of Red Hat or the combined company compared to the forecasts. Red Hat is including these forecasts in this document solely because they were among the financial information made available to the Red Hat Board of Directors, Guggenheim Securities and Morgan Stanley in connection with their evaluation of the merger, and not to influence your decision on how to vote on any proposal.

The forecasts should be evaluated, if at all, in conjunction with the historical financial statements and other information regarding Red Hat contained in our public filings with the SEC. Our management reviewed the forecasts with the Board of Directors, which considered the forecasts in connection with its evaluation and approval of the merger agreement and the merger.

The forecasts constitute forward-looking statements. For information on factors that may cause Red Hat’s future results to materially vary, see the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” beginning on page 24.

Except to the extent required by applicable federal securities laws, we do not intend, and expressly disclaim any responsibility, to update or otherwise revise the forecasts to reflect circumstances existing after the date when Red Hat prepared the forecasts or to reflect the occurrence of future events or changes in general economic or industry conditions, even in the event that any of the assumptions underlying the forecasts are shown to be in error.

Certain of the measures included in the forecasts may be considered non-GAAP financial measures, including EBITDA and unlevered free cash flow. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information presented in compliance with GAAP, and non-GAAP financial measures as used by Red Hat may not be comparable to similarly titled amounts used by other companies.

Guggenheim Securities and Morgan Stanley derived Unlevered Free Cash Flow for purposes of their respective financial analyses based on the forecasts provided by Red Hat management. Unlevered Free Cash Flow was calculated as EBITDA plus or less changes in net working capital, less stock-based compensation, capital expenditures, acquisition related expenditures and cash taxes.

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Base Case Forecast

The following table reflects selected metrics reflected in, or derived from, the base case forecast:

Note: Dollars in millions.

Risk Forecast

The following table reflects selected metrics reflected in, or derived from, the risk forecast:

Note: Dollars in millions.

Outperform Forecast

The following table reflects selected metrics reflected in, or derived from, the outperform forecast:

Note: Dollars in millions.

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Certain Extrapolated Forecasts

Red Hat management also prepared certain extrapolations for the fiscal years 2025 through 2034 for each of the base case forecast and the alternative forecasts, which we refer to as the extrapolated forecasts, and shared such extrapolations with the Red Hat Board of Directors, Guggenheim Securities and Morgan Stanley in connection with their financial analyses summarized under “Proposal 1: Adoption of the Merger Agreement — The Merger — Opinions of Red Hat’s Financial Advisors” beginning on page 47. Red Hat management prepared the extrapolated forecasts by applying an assumed growth rate to Red Hat’s forecasted revenue for 2024E for each of the base case forecast and the alternative forecasts. Red Hat management selected an assumed growth rate on the assumption that growth will slow in future years as Red Hat reaches steady state by 2034E. The extrapolated forecasts do not otherwise reflect Red Hat management’s expectations, estimates or assumptions regarding prospective industry conditions or other commercial, operational and financial judgments or assessments regarding the future prospects of Red Hat. The extrapolated forecasts are not fact and should not be relied upon as necessarily indicative of actual future results.

The following table reflects selected metrics reflected in, or derived from, the extrapolated forecasts: