UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016

OR

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number 001-36663

 

NexPoint Residential Trust, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

 

(972) 628-4100

(Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  ☒   No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes  ☒   No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ☐   No  ☒

As of November 9, 2016, the registrant had 21,060,479 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding.

 

 

 

 

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NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC.

Form 10-Q

Quarter Ended September 30, 2016

 

 

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Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that are subject to risks and uncertainties. In particular, statements relating to our liquidity and capital resources, the performance of our properties, results of operations, strategy, plans or intentions contain forward-looking statements. Furthermore, all of the statements regarding future financial performance (including market conditions and demographics) are forward-looking statements. We caution investors that any forward-looking statements presented in this quarterly report are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “estimate,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “result” and similar expressions that do not relate solely to historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions and may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected. We caution you therefore against relying on any of these forward-looking statements.

Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance, liquidity or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

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While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. They are based on estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this quarterly report. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, data or methods, future events or other changes, except as required by law.

 

 

 

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

See Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements

 

 

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NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

 

See Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements

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NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

 

 

See Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

 

See Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements

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NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

 

 

See Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements

 

 

 

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NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

 

1. Organization and Description of Business

NexPoint Residential Trust, Inc. (the “Company”, “we”, “our”) was incorporated on September 19, 2014, and has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”). The Company is focused on “value-add” multifamily investments primarily located in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States. Substantially all of the Company’s business is conducted through NexPoint Residential Trust Operating Partnership, L.P. (the “OP”), the Company’s operating partnership. The Company holds all or a majority interest in its properties (the “Portfolio”) through the OP. The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, NexPoint Residential Trust Operating Partnership GP, LLC (the “OP GP”), is the sole general partner of the OP. The sole limited partner of the OP is the Company.

The Company began operations on March 31, 2015 as a result of the transfer and contribution by NexPoint Credit Strategies Fund (“NHF”) of all but one of the multifamily properties owned by NHF through its subsidiary Freedom REIT, LLC (“Freedom REIT”). We use the term “predecessor” to mean the carve-out business of Freedom REIT. On March 31, 2015, NHF distributed all of the outstanding shares of the Company's common stock held by NHF to holders of NHF common shares. We refer to the distribution of our common stock by NHF as the “Spin-Off.”

We are externally managed by NexPoint Real Estate Advisors, L.P., (the “Adviser”), through an agreement, as amended, dated March 16, 2015 (the “Advisory Agreement”), by and among the Company, the OP and our Adviser. The Advisory Agreement has a term of two years. Our Adviser conducts substantially all of our operations and provides asset management services for our real estate investments. We will only have accounting employees while the Advisory Agreement is in effect. All of our investment decisions are made by our Adviser, subject to general oversight by our Adviser’s investment committee and our Board of Directors (the “Board”). Our Adviser is wholly owned by NexPoint Advisors, L.P. and is an affiliate of Highland Capital Management, L.P. (our “Sponsor” or “Highland”).

The Company’s investment objectives are to maximize the cash flow and value of properties owned, acquire properties with cash flow growth potential, provide quarterly cash distributions and achieve long-term capital appreciation for its stockholders through targeted management and a capex value-add program. Consistent with the Company’s policy to acquire assets for both income and capital gain, the Company intends to hold majority interests in the properties for long-term appreciation and to engage in the business of directly or indirectly acquiring, owning, and operating well-located multifamily properties with a value-add component in large cities and suburban submarkets of large cities primarily in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States consistent with its investment objectives. Economic and market conditions may influence the Company to hold properties for different periods of time. From time to time, the Company may sell a property if, among other deciding factors, the sale would be in the best interest of its stockholders.

The Company may also participate with third parties in property ownership, through limited liability companies (“LLCs”), funds or other types of co-ownership or acquire real estate or interests in real estate in exchange for the issuance of common stock, units, preferred stock or options to purchase stock. These types of investments may permit the Company to own interests in larger assets without unduly restricting diversification which provides flexibility in structuring the Company’s portfolio.

The Company may allocate up to thirty percent of the portfolio to investments in real estate-related debt and securities with the potential for high current income or total returns. These allocations may include first and second mortgages, subordinated, bridge, mezzanine, construction and other loans, as well as debt securities related to or secured by multifamily real estate and common and preferred equity securities, which may include securities of other REIT or real estate companies.

 

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Predecessor

With the exception of a nominal amount of initial cash funded at inception, the Company did not own any assets prior to March 31, 2015. The business and operations of the Company prior to March 31, 2015 occurred under the predecessor. Our predecessor included all of the properties in our Portfolio that were held directly or indirectly by Freedom REIT, a wholly owned subsidiary of NHF, prior to the Spin-Off that occurred on March 31, 2015. However, our combined consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and combined consolidated statements of cash flows reflect operations of our predecessor through March 31, 2015 as if they were incurred by us. Our predecessor was determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). References throughout these combined consolidated financial statements to the “Company”, “we”, or “our”, include the activity of the predecessor defined above.

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Basis of Accounting

The accompanying unaudited combined consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). The consolidated balance sheets include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Our predecessor’s combined consolidated financial statements were derived from the historical accounting records of our predecessor and reflect the historical results of operations and cash flows for the period prior to the Spin-Off. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in combination and consolidation. The financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries are prepared using accounting polices consistent with those of the Company. In addition, the Company evaluates relationships with other entities to identify whether there are variable interest entities (“VIE’s”) as required by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation, and to assess whether it is the primary beneficiary of such entities. If the determination is made that the Company is the primary beneficiary, then that entity is included in the financial statements in accordance with FASB ASC 810. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying combined consolidated financial statements include all adjustments and eliminations, consisting only of normal recurring items necessary for their fair presentation in conformity with GAAP. The unaudited information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015 and notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 21, 2016. There have been no significant changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the combined consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the combined consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. It is at least reasonably possible that these estimates could change in the near term.

Real Estate Investments

Upon acquisition, in accordance with FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations, the purchase price of a property is allocated to land, buildings, improvements, furniture, fixtures, and equipment, and intangible lease assets. The purchase price allocation is based on management’s estimate of the property’s “as-if” vacant fair value, which is calculated by using all available information such as the replacement cost of such asset, appraisals, property condition reports, market data and other related information. The allocation of the purchase price to intangible lease assets represents the value associated with the in-place leases, which may include lost rent, leasing commissions, legal and other related costs, which the Company, as buyer of the property, did not have to incur to obtain the residents.

If any debt is assumed in an acquisition, the difference between the fair value and the face value of debt is recorded as a premium or discount and amortized as interest expense over the life of the debt assumed. Costs associated with the acquisition of a property, including acquisition fees paid, are expensed upon closing the acquisition.

The results of operations for acquired properties are included in the combined consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) from their respective acquisition dates.

 

Real estate assets, including land, buildings, improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment, and intangible lease assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Costs incurred in making repairs and maintaining real estate assets are expensed as incurred. Expenditures for improvements, renovations, and replacements are capitalized at cost. Real estate-related depreciation and amortization are computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives as described in the following table:

 

 

Construction in progress includes the cost of renovation projects being performed at the various properties. Once a project is complete, the historical cost of the renovation is placed into service in one of the categories above depending on the type of renovation project and is depreciated over the estimated useful lives as described in the table above.

The Company periodically classifies real estate assets as held for sale. An asset is classified as held for sale after an active program to sell the asset has commenced or the asset is under contract for sale and after the evaluation of other factors. Upon the

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classification of a real estate asset as held for sale, the carrying value of the asset is reduced to the lower of its net book value or its estimated fair value, less costs to sell the asset, and no further depreciation expense is recorded. Upon a decision to no longer market an asset for sale, the asset is classified as an operating asset and depreciation expense is reinstated. Real estate assets and the related debt held for sale are stated separately on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Impairment

Real estate assets that are determined to be held and used will be reviewed periodically for impairment and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In such cases, the Company will evaluate the recoverability of such real estate assets based on estimated future cash flows and the estimated liquidation value of such real estate assets, and provide for impairment if such undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the real estate asset. If impaired, the real estate asset will be written down to its estimated fair value. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not record any impairment charges related to real estate assets.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents may include cash, short-term investments, and cash placed with a qualified intermediary for reinvestment in accordance with Section 1031 of the Code related to like-kind exchanges. Short-term investments are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. Cash placed with a qualified intermediary may not be immediately accessible; due to the short-term nature of the restrictions imposed by a qualified intermediary, the Company considers such cash to be cash equivalents.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash is comprised of security deposits, operating escrows, and renovation value-add reserves. Security deposits are held until they are due to tenants and are credited against the balance. Operating escrows are required and held by our first mortgage lender(s) for items such as real estate taxes, insurance, and required repairs. Lender held escrows are released back to the joint venture upon the borrower’s proof of payment of such expenses. Renovation value-add reserves are funds identified to finance our value-add renovations at each of our properties and are not required to be held in escrow by a third party. The Company may reallocate these funds, at its discretion, to pursue other investment opportunities. The following is a summary of the restricted cash held as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

 

 

Prepaid acquisition deposits

In the normal course of business, the Company incurs costs in connection with future acquisitions that may include good faith deposits made prior to probable acquisitions. Prepaid acquisition deposits are held in escrow and are applied upon closing of the acquisition. Until an acquisition closes, the Company records these deposits in prepaid and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. As of September 30, 2016, prepaid acquisition deposits were approximately $1.4 million (see Note 11). The Company did not have any prepaid acquisition deposits as of December 31, 2015.

Deferred Financing Costs

The Company defers costs incurred in obtaining financing and amortizes the costs over the terms of the related loans using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method. Upon repayment of or in conjunction with a material change in the terms of the underlying debt agreement, any unamortized costs are charged to interest expense. Deferred financing costs, net of amortization, of $3.4 million and $6.0 million are recorded as a deduction from mortgages payable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Deferred financing costs, net of amortization, of $3.5 million are recorded as a deduction from the debt related to the Company’s credit facility on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2016. Deferred financing costs, net of amortization, of $0.2 million are recorded as a deduction from the debt related to the Company’s bridge facility on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015. Amortization of deferred financing costs of $0.8 million and $0.3 million is included in interest expense on the consolidated statements of

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operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company incurred amortization of deferred financing costs of approximately $0.4 million related to its sales of four properties during the period (see Note 4). Amortization of deferred financing costs of $1.8 million and $0.8 million is included in interest expense on the combined consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company incurred amortization of deferred financing costs of approximately $0.7 million related to its sales of seven properties during the period (see Note 4).  

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests are comprised of the Company’s joint venture partners’ interests in the joint ventures in multifamily properties that the Company consolidates. The Company reports its joint venture partners’ interests in its consolidated real estate joint ventures and other subsidiary interests held by third parties as noncontrolling interests. The Company records these noncontrolling interests at their initial fair value, adjusting the basis prospectively for their share of the respective consolidated investment’s net income or loss, equity contributions, return of capital and distributions. These noncontrolling interests are not redeemable by the equity holders and are presented as part of permanent equity. Income and losses are allocated to the noncontrolling interest holder based on its economic ownership percentage.

Accounting for Joint Ventures

The Company first analyzes its investments in joint ventures to determine if the joint venture is a VIE in accordance with FASB ASC 810, and if so, whether the Company is the primary beneficiary requiring consolidation. A VIE is an entity that has (i) insufficient equity to permit it to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or (ii) equity holders that lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. VIEs are consolidated by the primary beneficiary, which is the entity that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that potentially could be significant to the primary beneficiary. Variable interests in a VIE are contractual, ownership, or other financial interests that change with changes in the fair value of the VIE’s net assets. The Company assesses at each level of the joint venture whether the entity is (i) a VIE, and (ii) if the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. If an entity in which the Company holds a joint venture interest qualifies as a VIE and the Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary, the joint venture is consolidated.

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The following table represents the Company’s investments in variable interest entities as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015:

 

 

 

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The following table represents the Company’s investments in voting interest entities as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015:

 

 

In connection with its indirect equity investments in the properties acquired, the Company, through the OP, directly or indirectly holds membership interests in single-asset LLCs that directly own the properties. In instances where the Company acquires multiple properties under a single purchase and sale agreement (a “Portfolio Acquisition”), the Company directly or indirectly holds membership interests in the single-asset LLCs that directly own the properties through a multiple-asset LLC. Under these arrangements, the multiple-asset LLC is the sole member of all single-asset LLCs which directly own the properties. The majority of these entities are deemed to be VIEs as we have disproportionate voting rights (in the form of substantive participating rights over all of the decisions that are made that most significantly affect economic performance) relative to our economic interests in the entities and substantially all of the activities of the entities are performed on our behalf. The Company is considered the primary beneficiary of these VIEs as no single party meets both criteria to be the primary beneficiary, and we are the member of the related party group that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact economic performance of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Within the related party group, the Company is the most closely associated to the VIE based on the purpose and design of the entity, the size of our ownership interests relative to the other investors, and the rights we hold with respect to the other investors’ equity interests, including our ability to preclude any transfers of their interests and ability to drag them along on the sale of our equity interest. All VIEs are consolidated in the Company’s financial statements. The assets of each VIE can only be used to settle obligations of that particular VIE, and the creditors of each entity have no recourse to the assets of other entities or the Company.

The other investor in the VIEs is BH Equities, LLC (“BH Equity”) or affiliates of BH Equity. When these VIEs were formed, BH Equity invested cash in each VIE and received a proportional share of each VIE that it invested in. Each VIE has a non-recourse mortgage that has standard scope non-recourse carve outs required by agency lenders and generally call for protection by the borrower and the guarantor against losses by the lender for so-called “bad acts,” such as misrepresentations, and may include full recourse liability for more significant events such as bankruptcy. BH Equity, or its affiliates, provided non-recourse carve out guarantees for the mortgage indebtedness currently outstanding relating to each VIE. In consideration of the guarantees provided by BH Equity and its affiliates, they will earn an additional profit interest in each VIE such that distributions will be made to the members of the VIE pro rata in proportion to their relative percentage interests until the members have received an internal rate of return equal to 13%. Then, the proportion of distributions changes to a predetermined allocation according to the agreements between each VIE and BH Equity or its affiliates. In instances where membership interests in individual properties are held through a multiple-asset LLC, consideration of additional profit interest is calculated at the multiple-asset LLC level. Therefore, distributions will be made to the members pro rata in proportion to their relative percentage interests in the multiple-asset LLC until the members have received an internal rate of return equal to 13%; then, the proportion of distributions changes to a predetermined allocation according to the multiple-asset LLC agreements between each VIE and BH Equity or its affiliates.

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Revenue Recognition

The Company’s primary operations consist of rental income earned from its residents under lease agreements with terms of one year or less. Rental income is recognized when earned. This policy effectively results in income recognition on the straight-line method over the related terms of the leases. Resident reimbursements and other income consist of charges billed to residents for utilities, carport and garage rental, pets, administrative, application and other fees and are recognized when earned.

Asset Management & Property Management Services

Asset management fee and property management fee expenses are recognized when incurred in accordance with each management agreement (see Note 9).

Income Taxes

The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and expects to continue to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute annually at least 90% of its “REIT taxable income,” as defined by the Code, to its stockholders. As a REIT, the Company will be subject to federal income tax on its undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions it pays with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (a) 85% of its ordinary income, (b) 95% of its capital gain net income and (c) 100% of its undistributed income from prior years. The Company intends to operate in such a manner so as to qualify as a REIT, including creating taxable REIT subsidiaries to hold assets that generate income that would not be consistent with the rules applicable for qualification as a REIT if held directly by the REIT, but no assurance can be given that the Company will operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT. If the Company were to fail to meet these requirements, it could be subject to federal income tax on all of the Company’s taxable income at regular corporate rates for that year. The Company would not be able to deduct distributions paid to stockholders in any year in which it fails to qualify as a REIT. Additionally, the Company will also be disqualified from electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost unless the Company is entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions. As of September 30, 2016, the Company believes it is in compliance with all applicable REIT requirements.

Reportable Segment

Substantially all of the Company’s net income (loss) is from investments in real estate properties within the multifamily sector that the Company owns through LLCs. The Company evaluates operating performance on an individual property level and views its real estate assets as one industry segment and, accordingly, its properties are aggregated into one reportable segment.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company maintains cash balances with high quality financial institutions, including NexBank, SSB, an affiliate of our Adviser, and periodically evaluates the creditworthiness of such institutions and believes that the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk. Cash balances may be in excess of the amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures, establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy)

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The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. The Company utilizes independent third parties to perform the allocation of value analysis for each property acquisition and to perform the market valuations on its derivative financial instruments and has established policies, as described above, processes and procedures intended to ensure that the valuation methodologies for investments and derivative financial instruments are fair and consistent as of the measurement date.

Per Share Data

The Company began operations on March 31, 2015, as described above and, therefore, the Company had no operating activities or earnings (loss) per share before March 31, 2015. However, for purposes of the combined consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), the Company has presented basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share as if the operating activities of the predecessor were those of the Company and assuming the shares outstanding at the date of the Spin-Off were outstanding for all periods prior to the Spin-Off. Basic earnings (loss) per share will be shown for all periods presented and computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding, which is adjusted for shares classified as treasury shares during the period and excludes any unvested restricted stock units issued pursuant to the Company’s long-term incentive plan (see Note 8). Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by adjusting basic earnings (loss) per share for the dilutive effect of the assumed vesting of restricted stock units. The Company’s unvested restricted stock units are reflected in the calculation of diluted earnings per share. During periods of net loss, the assumed vesting of restricted stock units is anti-dilutive and is not included in the calculation of earnings (loss) per share. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the dilutive impact of the assumed vesting of restricted stock units was less than $0.01. There were no potentially dilutive securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015. For the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company incurred basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of $0.33 and $(0.05), respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company incurred basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of $1.02 and $(0.41), respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition period. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates for such new or revised standards. We may elect to comply with public company effective dates at any time, and such election would be irrevocable pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act. The following recent accounting pronouncements reflect effective dates that delay the adoption until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which requires management to evaluate whether there are conditions and events that raise substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, and to provide disclosures when it is probable that the entity will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption being permitted. The Company implemented the provisions of ASU 2014-15 as of January 1, 2016 and there was no material impact on its combined consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Interest-Imputation of Interest, which changes the way reporting enterprises record debt issuance costs. The ASU requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct reduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The ASU is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-15, Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements, which supplements the requirements of ASU 2015-03 by allowing an entity to defer and present debt issuance costs related to a line of credit arrangement as an asset and subsequently amortize the deferred costs ratably over the term of the line of credit arrangement. The Company implemented the provisions of ASU 2015-03 and ASU 2015-15 as of January 1, 2016. The retrospective application required upon adoption of ASU 2015-03 resulted in a reclassification of approximately $6.2 million of debt issuance costs from deferred financing

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costs, net, to a deduction from debt in its consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015. At December 31, 2015, the following amounts of deferred financing costs were reclassified (in thousands):

 

 

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis, which changes the way reporting enterprises evaluate whether (a) they should consolidate limited partnerships and similar entities, (b) fees paid to a decision maker or service provider are variable interests in a VIE, and (c) variable interests in a VIE held by related parties of the reporting enterprise require the reporting enterprise to consolidate the VIE. The ASU also significantly changes how to evaluate voting rights for entities that are not similar to limited partnerships when determining whether the entity is a VIE, which may affect entities for which the decision making rights are conveyed though a contractual arrangement. The ASU is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company will implement the provisions of ASU 2015-02 as of January 1, 2017. The Company does not expect the new standard to have a material impact on its combined consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. An entity should also disclose sufficient quantitative and qualitative information to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers – Deferral of the Effective Date, which amends ASU 2014-09 to defer the effective date by one year. The new standard is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company expects to implement the provisions of ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2019. The Company has not yet determined the impact of the new standard on its current policies for revenue recognition.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which changes certain recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. The ASU requires all equity investments, except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or resulting in consolidation, to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. The ASU also simplifies the impairment assessment for equity investments without readily determinable fair values, amends the presentation requirements for changes in the fair value of financial liabilities, requires presentation of financial instruments by measurement category and form of financial asset, and eliminates the requirement to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used in estimating the fair value of financial instruments. The ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company expects to implement the provisions of ASU 2016-01 as of January 1, 2019, and does not expect the new standard to have a material impact on its combined consolidated financial statements.

 

 

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3. Acquisitions

As of September 30, 2016, the Company is invested in a total of 36 multifamily properties, as listed below:

 

 

 

 

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4. Real Estate Investments

As of September 30, 2016, the major components of the Company’s investments in multifamily properties were as follows (in thousands):

 

 

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As of December 31, 2015, the major components of the Company’s investments in multifamily properties were as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Depreciation expense was $8.5 million and $7.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Depreciation expense was $25.5 million and $20.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.   

Amortization expense related to the Company’s intangible lease assets was $0.2 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Amortization expense related to the Company’s intangible lease assets was $0.9 million and $10.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Due to the six-month useful life

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attributable to intangible lease assets, the value of intangible lease assets on any acquisition prior to March 31, 2016 has been fully amortized and the assets and related accumulated amortization have been written-off as of September 30, 2016.

Sales of Real Estate

The following table presents our sales of real estate for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 (in thousands); there were no sales of real estate for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

 

 

 

 

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5. Pro Forma Financial Information (unaudited)

The Company acquired 11 properties and sold 7 properties during the period January 1, 2015 through September 30, 2016 and acquired one property subsequent to September 30, 2016 on October 11, 2016 (see Note 11). The following unaudited pro forma information for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 has been provided to give effect to the acquisitions and dispositions of the properties as if they had occurred on January 1, 2015. This pro forma financial information is not intended to represent what the actual results of operations of the Company would have been had these acquisitions and dispositions occurred on this date, nor does it purport to predict the results of operations for future periods. The following table summarizes, on an unaudited basis, the combined consolidated pro forma results of operations of the Company for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 

 

 

The pro forma information includes adjustments to actual revenues and expenses recorded to reflect operations of all properties owned as of and subsequent to September 30, 2016, assuming each was owned by the Company and operating as of January 1, 2015. Net income (loss) has been adjusted as follows: (1) interest expense has been adjusted to reflect the additional interest expense that would have been charged had the Company acquired the properties on January 1, 2015 under the same financing arrangements as existed as of the acquisition date; (2) depreciation and amortization has been adjusted based on the Company’s basis in the properties, and all of the intangible lease assets have been amortized during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 due to the six-month life of intangible assets; (3) acquisition costs have been excluded for pro forma purposes for the acquisition costs of the properties; (4) advisory and administrative fees have been adjusted to include the acquisitions on a pro forma basis; (5) gain on sales of real estate has been excluded for pro forma purposes for the gain recognized on the properties sold; and (6) corporate general and administrative fees expected to be incurred on a quarterly basis at a parent level have been adjusted to include the acquisitions and dispositions on a pro forma basis and are estimated to be approximately $950,000 per quarter.

 

 

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6. Debt

Mortgages Payable

The following table contains summary information concerning the mortgage debt of the Company as of September 30, 2016:

 

 

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The weighted average interest rate of the Company’s mortgage indebtedness was 2.75% as of September 30, 2016 and 2.67% as of December 31, 2015. As of September 30, 2016, the adjusted weighted average interest rate of the Company’s mortgage indebtedness was 2.96%. For purposes of calculating the adjusted weighted average interest rate of the outstanding mortgage indebtedness, the Company has included the weighted average fixed rate of 0.9956% on $200.0 million of its combined $400.0 million notional amount related to its interest rate swap agreements that effectively fixes the interest rate on $200.0 million of the Company’s floating rate mortgage indebtedness (see “Interest Rate Swap Agreements” below).

Each of our mortgages is a non-recourse obligation subject to customary provisions. The loan agreements contain customary events of default, including defaults in the payment of principal or interest, defaults in compliance with the covenants contained in the documents evidencing the loan, defaults in payments under any other security instrument covering any part of the property, whether junior or senior to the loan, and bankruptcy or other insolvency events. As of September 30, 2016, the Company believes it is in compliance with all provisions.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company sold seven properties and repaid the related mortgage loans, as detailed in the table below:

 

 

The Company incurred prepayment penalties of approximately $825,000 in connection with the payoff of these mortgage loans, which is included in interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

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Credit Facility

On June 6, 2016, the Company, through certain of its subsidiaries, entered into a $200.0 million credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with KeyBank National Association (“KeyBank”), as lender, which was in turn assigned to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”). The Credit Facility is a full-term, interest-only facility and is expandable to $300.0 million upon the satisfaction of certain conditions. The Credit Facility is guaranteed by the OP. The initial term of the Credit Facility is 60 months, and the Company has one 12-month extension option. Interest accrues on the Credit Facility at an interest rate of one-month LIBOR plus 2.20%. The Credit Facility contains flexible prepayment options that are consistent with the Company’s other floating rate indebtedness held by Freddie Mac.

On June 6, 2016, the Company drew $191.0 million under the Credit Facility to replace the existing mortgage debt on 11 properties (see below). The refinancing of this existing mortgage debt did not incur prepayment penalties. In accordance with FASB ASC 470-50, Debt – Modifications and Extinguishments, the Company accounted for the refinancing as a modification of a debt instrument. As such, the existing $1.1 million of net deferred financing costs related to the 11 properties are included with the approximately $2.4 million of net deferred financing costs incurred in connection with the modification. Such costs are recorded as a deduction from the debt related to the Credit Facility on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2016 and are amortized over the term of the Credit Facility. The Company subsequently drew an additional $9.0 million under the Credit Facility and used the proceeds to pay down a portion of its bridge facility (see “Bridge Facility” below). As of September 30, 2016, the Company has $200.0 million outstanding under its Credit Facility at an interest rate of 2.73% (see Note 11) and an adjusted weighted average interest rate of 3.20%. For purposes of calculating the adjusted weighted average interest rate of the Credit Facility, the Company has included the weighted average fixed rate of 0.9956% on $200.0 million of its combined $400.0 million notional amount related to its interest rate swap agreements that effectively fixes the interest rate on the $200.0 million outstanding under the Company’s Credit Facility (see “Interest Rate Swap Agreements” below).

The following 11 properties in the Company’s portfolio have been cross-collateralized as security for the Credit Facility:

The Credit Facility agreement contains customary provisions with respect to events of default, covenants and borrowing conditions. Certain prepayments may be required upon a breach of covenants or borrowing conditions. As of September 30, 2016, the Company believes it is in compliance with all provisions.

Bridge Facility

On August 5, 2015, the Company executed a bridge facility (the “Bridge Facility”) with KeyBank in the amount of $29.0 million. The proceeds from the Bridge Facility were used to fund a portion of the purchase price of the Madera Point and The Pointe at the Foothills acquisitions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company paid down the entire $29.0 million of principal on the Bridge Facility, which was funded with $18.0 million of the Company’s share of proceeds, net of distributions to noncontrolling interests, from the sales of Park at Regency and Mandarin Reserve, $9.0 million of proceeds drawn under the Company’s Credit Facility and $2.0 million of cash on hand. The Bridge Facility was retired on August 2, 2016. 

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Schedule of Debt Maturities

The aggregate scheduled maturities, including amortizing principal payments, of total debt for the next five calendar years subsequent to September 30, 2016 are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Interest Rate Swap Agreements

In order to fix a portion of, and mitigate the risk associated with, the Company’s floating rate indebtedness (without incurring substantial prepayment penalties or defeasance costs typically associated with fixed rate indebtedness when repaid early or refinanced), the Company, through the OP, has entered into four interest rate swap transactions with KeyBank (the “Counterparty”) with a combined notional amount of $400.0 million. The interest rate swaps effectively replace the floating interest rate (one-month LIBOR) with respect to that amount with a weighted average fixed rate of 0.9956%.  During the term of these interest rate swap agreements, the Company is required to make monthly fixed rate payments of 0.9956%, on a weighted average basis, on the notional amounts, while the Counterparty is obligated to make monthly floating rate payments based on one-month LIBOR to the Company referencing the same notional amounts. The Company has designated these interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (see Note 7). The following table contains summary information regarding the Company’s outstanding interest rate swaps (dollars in thousands):

 

 

 

 

7. Fair Value Measures and Derivative Financial Instruments

From time to time, the Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Real estate assets are recorded at fair value at acquisition and may be stated at fair value if they become impaired in a given period and may be stated at fair value if they are held for sale and the fair value of such assets is below the carrying value less estimated costs to sell. Additionally, the Company records derivative financial instruments at fair value.

Real estate acquisitions

As further discussed in Notes 2 and 3, the Company owns 36 properties as of September 30, 2016. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company acquired one property and assumed the existing fixed-rate mortgage debt on the property. Upon acquisition of a property, the purchase price is allocated to land, buildings, improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment, and intangible lease assets based on their estimated fair values using Level 3 inputs. If debt is assumed upon an acquisition, the debt is recorded based on its estimated fair value using Level 2 inputs.    

As discussed in Note 2, fair value measurements at the time of acquisition are determined by management using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies available to management. Critical estimates in valuing certain assets and liabilities and the assumptions of what marketplace participants would use in making estimates of fair value include, but are not limited to: future expected cash flows, estimated carrying costs, estimated origination costs, lease up periods and tenant risk attributes, as well as assumptions about the period of time the acquired lease will continue to be used in the Company’s portfolio and discount

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rates used in these calculations. Management’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Assumptions may not always reflect unanticipated events and changes in circumstances may occur. In making such estimates, management uses a number of sources, including appraisals, third party cost segregation studies or other market data, as well as, information obtained in its pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and estimate fair value. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the estimates discussed herein, using Level 3 inputs, are indicative of the amounts the Company could realize on disposition of the real estate assets or other financial instruments. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies could have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.  

Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company may enter into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s borrowings.

The Company utilizes an independent third party to perform the market valuations on its derivative financial instruments. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. The fair values of interest rate options are determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates rise above the strike rate of the caps. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the cap are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves and volatilities. To comply with the provisions of ASC 820, the Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both the Company’s own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of the Company’s derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, we have considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts and guarantees. Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with the Company’s derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties. The Company has determined that the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments made to its derivative contracts, which determination was based on the fair value of each individual contract, was not significant to the overall valuation. As a result, all of the Company’s derivatives held as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s main objective in using interest rate derivatives is to add stability to interest expense related to floating rate debt. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps and caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The interest rate swaps have terms ranging from 4-5 years. Interest rate caps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up-front premium. The interest rate caps have terms ranging from 3-4 years. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with a majority of the Company’s floating rate debt. The derivative financial instruments the Company employs cap the related floating interest rates at a weighted average interest rate of 6.10%.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss (“OCI”) and is subsequently reclassified into net income or loss in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated OCI related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s floating rate debt. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives is recognized directly in net income as interest expense. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded approximately $0.6 million of gain related to the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of its derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, which is recorded as a reduction of interest expense on the accompanying combined consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015,

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the Company recorded no ineffectiveness in earnings attributable to derivatives designated as cash flow hedges. As of September 30, 2015, the Company had 15 interest rate cap derivatives, with a notional amount of $259.7 million, designated as cash flow hedges.

As of September 30, 2016, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (dollars in thousands):

 

 

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate movements but either do not meet the strict requirements to apply hedge accounting in accordance with FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or the Company has elected not to designate such derivatives. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in net income as interest expense. As of September 30, 2015, the Company had 20 interest rate cap derivatives, with a notional amount of $304.8 million, that were not designated as hedges in qualifying hedging relationships.

As of September 30, 2016, the Company had the following outstanding derivatives that were not designated as hedges in qualifying hedging relationships (dollars in thousands):

 

 

The tables below present the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

 

 

The tables below present the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the combined consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 

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Other financial instruments

Cash equivalents, rents and accounts receivables, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities are carried at amounts that reasonably approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments.

Long-term indebtedness is carried at amounts that reasonably approximate their fair value. The Company used market spreads from quoted prices on similar long-term debt, which are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, to determine the estimated fair values for the Company’s long-term indebtedness.    

 

 

8. Stockholders’ Equity

Common stock

The Company began operations on March 31, 2015 as a result of the transfer and contribution by NexPoint Credit Strategies Fund (“NHF”) of all but one of the multifamily properties owned by NHF through its subsidiary Freedom REIT, LLC (“Freedom REIT”). On March 31, 2015, NHF distributed all of the outstanding shares of the Company's common stock held by NHF to holders of NHF common shares. As of September 30, 2016, the Company had 21,293,825 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, issued and 21,212,611 shares of common stock outstanding (see “Treasury Stock” below and Note 11).

Treasury Stock

During the period ended September 30, 2016, in accordance with the Company’s share repurchase program (as described below), the Company purchased 81,214 shares of its common stock, $0.01 par value per share, at a total cost of approximately $1,524,000 (see Note 11). The cost of these shares is included in common stock held in treasury at cost on the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2016. The number of shares of common stock classified as treasury shares reduces the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding and, accordingly, are considered in the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period.

Share Repurchase Program

On June 15, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase by the Company of up to $30.0 million of its common stock, $0.01 par value per share. This authorization expires on June 15, 2018. The Company may utilize various methods to effect the repurchases, and the timing and extent of the repurchases will depend upon several factors, including market and business conditions, regulatory requirements and other corporate considerations, including whether the Company’s common stock is trading at a significant discount to net asset value per share. Repurchases under this program may be discontinued at any time. During the period ended September 30, 2016, the Company purchased 81,214 shares of its common stock, $0.01 par value per share, at a total cost of approximately $1,524,000, or $18.76 per share.

Long Term Incentive Plan

On June 15, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved a long-term incentive plan (the “2016 LTIP”) and the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-8 registering 2,100,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, that the Company may issue pursuant to the 2016 LTIP. The 2016 LTIP authorizes the compensation committee of the Company’s Board of Directors to provide equity-based compensation in the form of stock options, appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units and certain other awards denominated or payable in, or otherwise based on, the Company’s

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common stock or factors that may influence the value of the Company’s common stock, plus cash incentive awards, for the purpose of providing the Company’s directors, officers and other key employees (and those of the Adviser and the Company’s subsidiaries), the Company’s non-employee directors, and potentially certain non-employees who perform employee-type functions, incentives and rewards for performance. On August 11, 2016, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the compensation committee of the Board granted 209,797 restricted stock units to its directors and officers. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recognized approximately $0.3 million of equity-based compensation expense related to grants of restricted stock units (see “Restricted Stock Units” below), which is included in corporate general and administrative expenses on the combined consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company did not award any equity-based compensation during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Restricted Stock Units. Restricted stock units may be granted to the Company’s directors, officers and other key employees (and those of the Adviser and the Company’s subsidiaries) and typically vest over a three to four year period.  On August 11, 2016, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 209,797 restricted stock units to its directors and officers. The following table includes the number of restricted stock units granted, exercised, forfeited and outstanding as of September 30, 2016:

 

9. Related Party Transactions

Fees and reimbursements to BH and its affiliates

The Company has entered into management agreements with BH Management Services, LLC (“BH”), the Company’s property manager, who manages the Company’s properties and supervises the implementation of the Company’s value-add program. BH is an affiliate of the noncontrolling interest members of the Company by virtue of ownership in certain variable interest entities and voting interest entities through BH’s affiliates. The property management fee is approximately 3% of the monthly gross income from each property managed. Currently, BH manages all of the Company’s properties. Additionally, the Company may pay BH certain other fees, including: (1) a fee of $15.00 per unit for the one-time setup and inspection of properties, (2) a construction supervision fee of 5-6% of total project costs, which is capitalized, (3) acquisition fees and due diligence costs reimbursements, and (4) other owner approved fees at $55 per hour. BH also acts as a paymaster for the properties and is reimbursed at cost for various operating expenses it pays on behalf of the properties. The following is a summary of fees that the properties incurred to BH and its affiliates, as well as reimbursements paid to BH from the properties for various operating expenses, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 

 

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Asset Management Fee

In accordance with the operating agreement of each entity that owns the real estate properties, the Company earns an asset management fee for services provided in connection with monitoring the operations of the properties. The asset management fee is equal to 0.5% per annum of the aggregate effective gross income of the properties, as defined in each of the operating agreements. For the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the properties incurred asset management fees to the Company of approximately $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the properties incurred asset management fees to the Company of approximately $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Since the fees are paid to the Company (and not the Adviser) by consolidated properties, they have been eliminated in consolidation. However, because our joint venture partners own a portion of each entity, with the exception of The Miramar Apartments, they absorb their pro rata share of the asset management fee. This amount is reflected on the combined consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in the net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests.

Advisory and Administrative Fee

Prior to the Spin-Off, the predecessor paid NexPoint Advisors, an affiliate of the Adviser, an annual advisory fee, paid monthly, in an amount equal to 1.00% of the average weekly value of the predecessor’s “Managed Assets.” The predecessor’s Managed Assets were an amount equal to the total assets of the predecessor, including any form of leverage, minus all accrued expenses incurred in the normal course of operations, but not excluding any liabilities or obligations attributable to investment leverage obtained through (i) indebtedness of any type (including, without limitation, borrowing through a credit facility or the issuance of debt securities), (ii) the issuance of preferred stock or other preference securities, (iii) the reinvestment of collateral received for securities loaned in accordance with the predecessor’s investment objectives and policies, and/or (iv) any other means.

Additionally, the predecessor paid NexPoint Advisors an administrative fee for services to the predecessor. The administrative fee was payable monthly, in an amount equal to 0.20% of the average weekly value of the predecessor’s Managed Assets. The advisory and administrative fees were paid by the predecessor on behalf of the Company.

Following the Spin-Off and in accordance with the Advisory Agreement, the Company pays the Adviser an advisory fee equal to 1.00% of the Average Real Estate Assets (as defined below). The duties performed by our Adviser under the terms of the Advisory Agreement include, but are not limited to: providing daily management for us, selecting and working with third party service providers, managing our properties or overseeing the third party property manager, formulating an investment strategy for us and selecting suitable properties and investments for us, managing our outstanding debt on properties, managing our interest rate exposure through derivative instruments, determining when to sell assets, and managing the value-add program or overseeing a third party vendor that implements the value-add program. “Average Real Estate Assets” means the average of the aggregate book value of Real Estate Assets before reserves for depreciation or other non-cash reserves, computed by taking the average of the book value of real estate assets at the end of each month (1) for which any fee under the Advisory Agreement is calculated or (2) during the year for which any expense reimbursement under the Advisory Agreement is calculated. “Real Estate Assets” is defined broadly in the Advisory Agreement to include, among other things, investments in real estate-related securities and mortgages and reserves for capital expenditures (the value-add program). The advisory fee is payable monthly in arrears in cash, unless the Adviser elects, in its sole discretion, to receive all or a portion of the advisory fee in shares of common stock, subject to certain limitations.

In accordance with the Advisory Agreement, the Company also pays the Adviser an administrative fee equal to 0.20% of the Average Real Estate Assets. The administrative fee is payable monthly in arrears in cash, unless the Adviser elects, in its sole discretion, to receive all or a portion of the administrative fee in shares of common stock, subject to certain limitations. The advisory and administrative fees paid to the Adviser on the Contributed Assets (as defined below) are subject to a stipulated cap.

Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Company will reimburse the Adviser for all documented Operating Expenses and Offering Expenses it incurs on behalf of the Company. “Operating Expenses” include legal, accounting, financial and due diligence services performed by the Adviser that outside professionals or outside consultants would otherwise perform, the Company’s pro rata share of rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead expenses of the Adviser required for the Company’s operations, and compensation expenses under the 2016 LTIP, the Company’s long-term incentive plan. Operating Expenses do not include expenses for the advisory and administrative services described in the Advisory Agreement. Certain Operating Expenses, such as our ratable share of rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead expenses incurred by the Adviser or its affiliates that relate to the operations of the

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Company, will be billed monthly to us under a shared services agreement. “Offering Expenses” include all expenses (other than underwriters’ discounts) in connection with an offering, including, without limitation, legal, accounting, printing, mailing and filing fees and other documented offering expenses. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and the six months ended September 30, 2015, the Adviser did not bill any Operating Expenses or Offering Expenses to the Company and any such expenses the Adviser incurred during the periods are considered to be permanently waived.

Expense Cap

Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, expenses paid or incurred by the Company for advisory and administrative fees payable to the Adviser and Operating Expenses will not exceed 1.5% of Average Real Estate Assets per calendar year (or part thereof that the Advisory Agreement is in effect (the “Expense Cap”)). The Expense Cap does not limit the reimbursement of expenses related to Offering Expenses. The Expense Cap also does not apply to legal, accounting, financial, due diligence and other service fees incurred in connection with mergers and acquisitions, extraordinary litigation or other events outside the Company’s ordinary course of business or any out-of-pocket acquisitions or due diligence expenses incurred in connection with the acquisition or disposition of real estate assets. Also, advisory and administrative fees are further limited on Contributed Assets to approximately $5.4 million in any calendar year. Contributed Assets refers to all Real Estate Assets contributed to the Company as part of the Spin-Off. Advisory and administrative fees on New Assets are not subject to the above limitation but are subject to the Expense Cap. New Assets are all Real Estate Assets that are not Contributed Assets.

For the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company incurred advisory and administrative fees of $1.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company incurred advisory and administrative fees of $4.9 million and $4.2 million, respectively. These fees are reflected on the combined consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in advisory and administrative fees. The allocation of advisory and administrative fees prior to the Spin-Off is based on the terms of the Advisory Agreement between the Company’s predecessor and NexPoint Advisors. In management’s estimation, the allocation methodologies used are reasonable and result in a reasonable allocation of operating costs borne by the Company’s predecessor; however, these allocations may not be indicative of the cost of future operations or the amount of future allocations. The amount paid for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 represents the maximum fee allowed on Contributed Assets under the Advisory Agreement plus approximately $0.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of advisory and administrative fees incurred on Madera Point, The Pointe at the Foothills, Venue at 8651 (fka The Place at Vanderbilt), and CityView, defined as New Assets pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement. The Adviser elected to voluntarily waive the approximately $0.1 million of advisory and administrative fees the Company incurred on New Assets for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The Company did not incur advisory and administrative fees on New Assets for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

 

 

10. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various rehabilitation construction related purchase commitments with parties that provide these goods and services. In the event the Company were to terminate rehabilitation construction services prior to the completion of projects, the Company could potentially be committed to satisfy outstanding or uncompleted purchase orders with such parties. As of September 30, 2016, management does not anticipate any material deviations from schedule or budget related to rehabilitation projects currently in process.

In addition, the Company incurs costs in the normal course of business to acquire real estate assets and should an acquisition not close, the deposits made in connection with the acquisition may not be recoverable (see Note 2). As of September 30, 2016, the Company has no acquisition deposits outstanding that were deemed to not be recoverable as a result of not closing an acquisition. 

Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to claims, lawsuits and legal proceedings. While it is not possible to ascertain the ultimate outcome of all such matters, management believes that the aggregate amount of such liabilities, if any, in excess of amounts provided or covered by insurance, will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated balance sheets or combined consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) of the Company. The Company is not involved in any material litigation nor, to management’s knowledge, is any material litigation currently threatened against the Company or its properties or subsidiaries.

The Company is not aware of any environmental liability with respect to the properties that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, assets or results of operations. However, there can be no assurance that such a material environmental

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liability does not exist. The existence of any such material environmental liability could have an adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and cash flows.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company sold seven properties, five of which BH Equity and its affiliates may be entitled to certain profits interests pursuant to a portfolio joint venture agreement covering the Company's Jacksonville portfolio. Upon achieving certain performance hurdles, not to exceed an additional 10% of the net proceeds from sales or refinancings and based upon estimated distributions upon a hypothetical liquidation of each of the Jacksonville properties (assuming they are liquidated and proceeds distributed and not reinvested through like-kind exchanges or similar deferment strategies), BH Equity and its affiliates may earn an additional profit interest in the Jacksonville portfolio in a range from $0 to $2.0 million. Inputs reflect the Company’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the properties giving consideration to the terms of the joint venture agreements and the estimated discounted future cash flows to be generated from the underlying properties through disposition. The inputs and assumptions utilized to estimate the future cash flows of the underlying properties are based upon the Company’s evaluation of the economy, market trends, operating results, and other factors, including judgments regarding occupancy rates, rental rates, inflation rates, capitalization rates utilized to estimate the projected cash flows at the disposition, and discount rates. As the additional profit interest BH Equity and its affiliates may earn on these investments is reasonably possible, but not reasonably estimable, the Company has concluded that it is not appropriate to accrue a liability for these additional profit interests on its combined consolidated financial statements.

 

 

11. Subsequent Events

Acquisition of Multifamily Property

The Company acquired the following property subsequent to September 30, 2016 (dollars in thousands) (unaudited):

 

 

 Share Repurchase Program

Subsequent to September 30, 2016 and through November 9, 2016, the Company purchased 152,132 shares of its common stock, $0.01 par value per share, under its share repurchase program, at a total cost of approximately $2,756,000, or $18.11 per share. As of November 9, 2016, the Company had purchased a total of 233,346 shares of its common stock, $0.01 par value per share, under the share repurchase program at a total cost of approximately $4,279,000, or $18.34 per share, which will be included in common stock held in treasury at cost on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. As of November 9, 2016, the Company had 21,293,825 shares of its common stock issued and 21,060,479 shares outstanding.

Dividends Declared

On November 7, 2016, the Company’s board of directors increased the Company’s quarterly dividend 6.8%, or by $0.014 per share, declaring a quarterly dividend of $0.22 per share, payable on December 30, 2016 to stockholders of record on December 15, 2016.

 

 

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The following is a discussion and analysis of our financial condition and our historical results of operations. The following should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and accompanying notes. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those projected, forecasted or expected in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those which are discussed below and elsewhere in this quarterly report. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this report, and “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our annual report on Form 10-K (our “Annual Report”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 21, 2016. Our management believes the assumptions underlying the Company’s financial statements and accompanying notes are reasonable. However, the Company’s financial statements may not necessarily reflect our financial condition and results of operations in the future.

Overview

As of September 30, 2016, we owned all or a majority interest in a portfolio of multifamily properties, or the Portfolio, primarily located in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States consisting of 36 multifamily properties encompassing 11,626 units of apartment space that was approximately 93.6% leased. The weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit in our Portfolio was $848 as of September 30, 2016. On October 11, 2016, we purchased an additional multifamily property, The Colonnade, located in Phoenix, Arizona, which encompasses 415 units of apartment space.

We are primarily focused on directly or indirectly acquiring, owning, and operating well-located multifamily properties with a value-add component in large cities and suburban submarkets of large cities, primarily in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States. We generate revenue primarily by leasing our multifamily properties. We intend to employ management and capex value-add programs at a majority of our properties in an attempt to improve rental rates and the net operating income (“NOI”) at our properties. We are externally managed by NexPoint Real Estate Advisors L.P., or our Adviser, an affiliate of Highland Capital Management, L.P. (our “Sponsor” or “Highland”), a leading global alternative asset manager and an SEC-registered investment adviser which, together with its affiliates, had approximately $15.4 billion in assets under management as of September 30, 2016.

The Company began operations on March 31, 2015 as a result of the transfer and contribution by NexPoint Credit Strategies Fund (“NHF”) of all but one of the multifamily properties owned by NHF through NHF’s subsidiary Freedom REIT, LLC (“Freedom REIT”) in exchange for 100% of its outstanding common stock. We use the term “predecessor” to mean the carve-out business of Freedom REIT, which owned all or a majority interest in the multifamily properties transferred or contributed to the Company by NHF through Freedom REIT. On March 31, 2015, NHF distributed all of the outstanding shares of the Company's common stock held by NHF to holders of NHF common shares. We refer to the distribution of our common stock by NHF as the “Spin-Off.” Substantially all of our operations were conducted by our predecessor prior to March 31, 2015. With the exception of a nominal amount of initial cash funded at inception, the Company did not own any assets prior to March 31, 2015. Our predecessor included all of the properties in our portfolio that were held indirectly by Freedom REIT prior to the Spin-Off. Our predecessor was determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). References throughout this report to the “Company,” “we,” or “our,” include the activity of the predecessor defined above.

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and expect to continue to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our “REIT taxable income,” as defined by the Code, to our stockholders. As a REIT, we will be subject to federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (a) 85% of our ordinary income, (b) 95% of our capital gain net income and (c) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. We believe we qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code, and we intend to continue to operate in such a manner, but no assurance can be given that we will operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT.

Components of Our Revenues and Expenses

Revenues

Rental income. Our earnings are primarily attributable to the rental revenue from our multifamily properties. We anticipate that the leases we enter into for our multifamily properties will typically be for one year or less.

Other income. Other income includes ancillary income earned from tenants such as application fees, late fees, laundry fees, utility reimbursements, and other rental related fees charged to tenants.

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Expenses

Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses include property maintenance costs, salary and employee benefit costs, utilities and other property operating costs.

Acquisition costs. Acquisition costs include the costs to acquire additional properties.

Real estate taxes and insurance. Real estate taxes include the property taxes assessed by local and state authorities depending on the location of each property. Insurance includes the cost of commercial, general liability, and other needed insurance for each property.

Property management fees. Property management fees include fees paid to BH or other third party management companies for managing each property.

Advisory and administrative fees. Advisory and administrative fees include the fees paid to our Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement.

Corporate general and administrative expenses. Corporate general and administrative expenses include but are not limited to payments of reimbursements to the Adviser, audit fees, legal fees, listing fees, board of director fees, and investor relation costs. Corporate general and administrative expenses, the reimbursement of Adviser operating expenses, administrative fees and the advisory fees paid to our Adviser (including advisory and administrative fees on New Assets) will not exceed 1.5% of Average Real Estate Assets per calendar year (or part thereof that the Advisory Agreement is in effect), or the “Expense Cap.” The Expense Cap does not limit the reimbursement by the Company of expenses related to securities offerings paid by the Adviser. The Expense Cap also does not apply to legal, accounting, financial, due diligence and other service fees incurred in connection with mergers and acquisitions, extraordinary litigation or other events outside the Company’s ordinary course of business or any out-of-pocket acquisition or due diligence expenses incurred in connection with the acquisition or disposition of real estate assets.

Property general and administrative expenses. Property general and administrative expenses include the costs of marketing, professional fees, general office supplies, and other administrative related costs of each property.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization costs primarily include depreciation of our multifamily properties and amortization of acquired in-place leases.

Other Income and Expense

Interest expense. Interest expense primarily includes the cost of interest expense on debt, the amortization of deferred financing costs, any prepayment penalties we may incur on the early retirement of debt, and the related impact of interest rate derivatives used to manage the Company’s interest rate risk.

Gain on sales of real estate. Gain on sales of real estate includes the gain recognized upon sales of properties. Gain on sales of real estate is calculated by deducting the carrying value of the real estate and costs incurred to sell the properties from the sales prices of the properties.

Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

As of September 30, 2016, we owned all or a majority interest in a portfolio of multifamily properties, or the Portfolio, primarily located in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States consisting of 36 multifamily properties encompassing 11,626 units of apartment space that was approximately 93.6% leased. The weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit in our Portfolio was $848 as of September 30, 2016.

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The following table sets forth a summary of our operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 

 

The change in our net income (loss) for the three months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to the net income (loss) for the three months ended September 30, 2015 primarily relates to the gain on sales of real estate we recognized on the four properties we sold during the period in 2016 and the timing of the sales of the properties (we sold two properties on August 31, 2016, one property on September 15, 2016 and one property on September 30, 2016), as well as increases in same store operating results. The change in our net income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to the net income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 primarily relates to the gain on sales of real estate we recognized on the seven properties we sold during the period in 2016 and the timing of the sales of the properties (we sold one property on May 10, 2016, two properties on June 6, 2016, two properties on August 31, 2016, one property on September 15, 2016 and one property on September 30, 2016). Also, nine of the 41 properties owned as of September 30, 2015 were acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and therefore contributed for less than a full period in 2015 versus the entire period in 2016.

Revenues

Rental income. Rental income was $28.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $27.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $1.6 million. Rental income was $87.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $75.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $12.2 million. The increase between both periods was primarily due to an increase in rental income from our properties based upon increased rents and increased occupancy rates due to the value-add programs that we have implemented as well as organic growth in rents in the markets where these properties are located. The weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit in our Portfolio was $848 as of September 30, 2016 compared to $796 as of September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately 6.5%. The occupancy rate for the Portfolio was 93.6% as of September 30, 2016 compared to 93.1% as of September 30, 2015. The increase between the three-month periods was also due to the acquisition of two additional properties subsequent to September 30, 2015, partially offset by the disposition of four properties during the period in 2016. The increase between the nine-month periods was also due to the acquisition of two additional properties subsequent to September 30, 2015, partially offset by the disposition of seven properties during the period in 2016. Also, nine of the 41 properties owned as of September 30, 2015 were acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and therefore contributed to rental income for less than a full period in 2015 versus the entire period in 2016.

Other income. Other income was $4.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $3.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $0.6 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to a $0.3 million, or 16.1%, increase in utility reimbursements. The increase between the periods was also due to the acquisition of two additional properties subsequent to September 30, 2015, partially offset by the disposition of four properties during the period in 2016. Other income was $12.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $9.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $2.9 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to a $1.7 million, or 30.5%, increase in utility reimbursements. The increase between the periods was also due to the acquisition of two additional properties subsequent to September 30, 2015, partially offset by the disposition of seven properties during the period in 2016. Also, nine of the 41 properties owned as of September 30, 2015 were acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and therefore contributed to other income for less than a full period in 2015 versus the entire period in 2016.

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Expenses

Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses were $9.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $9.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $0.7 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to the acquisition of two additional properties subsequent to September 30, 2015, partially offset by the disposition of four properties during the period in 2016. Property operating costs were $28.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $24.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $4.1 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to the acquisition of two additional properties subsequent to September 30, 2015, partially offset by the disposition of seven properties during the period in 2016. Also, nine of the 41 properties owned as of September 30, 2015 were acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and therefore contributed to property operating expenses for less than a full period in 2015 versus the entire period in 2016.

Acquisition costs. Acquisition costs were $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was a decrease of approximately $0.2 million. During the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company acquired one and two properties, respectively. Acquisition costs were $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, which was a decrease of approximately $2.4 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company acquired one and nine properties, respectively. Acquisition costs depend on the specific circumstances of each closing and are one-time costs associated with each acquisition.

Real estate taxes and insurance. Real estate taxes and insurance costs were $4.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $3.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $0.2 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to the acquisition of two additional properties subsequent to September 30, 2015, partially offset by a $0.2 million, or 32.4%, reduction in property liability insurance costs and the disposition of four properties during the period in 2016. Real estate taxes and insurance costs were $12.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $10.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $1.6 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to the acquisition of two additional properties subsequent to September 30, 2015, partially offset by a $0.4 million, or 21.1%, reduction in property liability insurance costs and the disposition of seven properties during the period in 2016. Also, nine of the 41 properties owned as of September 30, 2015 were acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and therefore contributed to real estate taxes and insurance costs for less than a full period in 2015 versus the entire period in 2016. Further, the costs for property taxes incurred in the first year of ownership may be significantly less than subsequent years since the purchase price of the property may trigger a significant increase in assessed value by the taxing authority in subsequent years, increasing the costs of real estate taxes.

Property management fees. Property management fees were $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $0.1 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to the acquisition of two additional properties subsequent to September 30, 2015, partially offset by the disposition of four properties during the period in 2016, and increases in rental income and other income, which the fee is, in part, based on. Property management fees were $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $2.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $0.5 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to the acquisition of two additional properties subsequent to September 30, 2015, partially offset by the disposition of seven properties during the period in 2016, and increases in rental income and other income, which the fee is, in part, based on. Also, nine of the 41 properties owned as of September 30, 2015 were acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and therefore contributed to property management fees for less than a full period in 2015 versus the entire period in 2016.

Advisory and administrative fees. Advisory and administrative fees were $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $0.2 million. Advisory and administrative fees were $4.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $4.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $0.7 million. The amount incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 represents the maximum fee allowed on Contributed Assets under the Advisory Agreement plus approximately $0.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of advisory and administrative fees incurred on Madera Point, The Pointe at the Foothills, Venue at 8651 (fka The Place at Vanderbilt) and CityView, defined as New Assets pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement. Advisory and administrative fees may increase in future periods as the Company acquires additional properties, which will be classified as New Assets.

Corporate general and administrative expenses. Corporate general and administrative expenses were $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $0.2 million. The increase between periods primarily relates to approximately $0.3 million of equity-based

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compensation expense recognized during the period in 2016 related to the grant of restricted stock units to our directors and officers pursuant to our long-term incentive plan (see Note 8 to our combined consolidated financial statements). Corporate general and administrative expenses were $2.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Corporate general and administrative expenses were $1.6 million for the six months ended September 30, 2015. Prior to the completion of the Spin-Off on March 31, 2015, the Company did not incur any corporate general and administrative expenses. Corporate general and administrative expenses may increase in future periods as the Company acquires additional properties.

Property general and administrative expenses. Property general and administrative expenses were $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $0.4 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to the acquisition of two additional properties subsequent to September 30, 2015, partially offset by the disposition of four properties during the period in 2016. Property general and administrative costs were $4.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $3.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $0.7 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to the acquisition of two additional properties subsequent to September 30, 2015, partially offset by the disposition of seven properties during the period in 2016. Also, nine of the 41 properties owned as of September 30, 2015 were acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and therefore contributed to property general and administrative expenses for less than a full period in 2015 versus the entire period in 2016.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization costs were $8.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $9.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was a decrease of approximately $0.4 million. The decrease between the periods was primarily due to the amortization of intangible lease assets of $0.2 million related to one property for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $1.6 million related to nine properties for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was a decrease of approximately $1.4 million. Depreciation and amortization costs were $26.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $30.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, which was a decrease of approximately $4.4 million. The decrease between the periods was primarily due to the amortization of intangible lease assets of $0.9 million related to four properties for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $10.8 million related to 31 properties for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, which was a decrease of approximately $9.9 million. The amortization of intangible lease assets over a six-month period from the date of acquisition is expected to increase the amortization expense during the initial year of operations for each property. The decrease between both periods was partially offset by the additional depreciation expense related to the acquisition of two properties subsequent to September 30, 2015 and capitalized expenditures primarily related to our value-add program. Also, nine of the 41 properties owned as of September 30, 2015 were acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and therefore contributed to depreciation costs for less than a full period in 2015 versus the entire period in 2016.

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Other Income and Expense

Interest expense. Interest expense was $5.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $4.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $1.1 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to the amortization of deferred financing costs and prepayment penalties incurred related to the disposition of four properties during the period in 2016 (see table below), interest expense costs incurred on our interest rate swap agreements (see “Liquidity and Capital Resources – Interest Rate Swap Agreements” below), and increases in LIBOR, which is the index for our floating rate indebtedness. The increase between periods was partially offset by approximately $0.6 million of gain recognized related to the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of our derivatives designated as cash flow hedges. Interest expense was $17.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $12.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $4.5 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to the amortization of deferred financing costs and prepayment penalties incurred related to the disposition of seven properties during the period in 2016 (see table below), interest expense costs incurred on our interest rate swap agreements, and increases in LIBOR, which is the index for our floating rate indebtedness. The increase between periods was partially offset by approximately $0.6 million of gain recognized related to the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of our derivatives designated as cash flow hedges. Also, nine of the 41 properties owned as of September 30, 2015 were acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and therefore contributed to interest expense for less than a full period in 2015 versus the entire period in 2016. The following is a table that details the various costs included in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 

 

Gain on sales of real estate. Gain on sales of real estate was $9.6 million and $25.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we sold four and seven properties, respectively. We did not recognize gain on sales of real estate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 as we did not sell any properties during the periods.

Same Store Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

As of September 30, 2016, our Portfolio of 36 properties consisted of 32 Same Store properties encompassing 10,292 units of apartment space that was approximately 93.9% leased. The weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit in our Same Store pool was $850 as of September 30, 2016. For our Same Store properties, we recorded the following operating results for the third quarter of 2016 as compared to the third quarter of 2015:

Revenues

Rental income. Rental income was $24.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $22.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $1.9 million, or 9.0%. The majority of the increase is primarily related to a 6.7% increase in the weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit to $850 as of September 30, 2016 from $796 as of September 30, 2015, as well as a 0.5% increase in occupancy.

Other income. Other income was $3.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $0.6 million, or 19.0%. The majority of the increase is related to a $0.3 million, or 20.2%, increase in utility reimbursements.

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Expenses

Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses were $8.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $7.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $0.6 million, or 8.1%. The majority of the increase is related to a $0.5 million, or 25.7%, increase in repairs and maintenance costs.

Real estate taxes and insurance. Real estate taxes and insurance costs were $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $3.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $0.3 million, or 9.6%. The majority of the increase is related to a $0.4 million, or 16.5%, increase in property taxes, partially offset by a $0.2 million, or 27.2%, decrease in property liability insurance.

Property management fees. Property management fees were $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of less than $0.1 million, or 11.2%. The majority of the increase is related to a $1.9 million, or 9.0%, increase in rental income, and a $0.6 million, or 19.0%, increase in other income, which the fee is, primarily, based on.

Property general and administrative expenses. Property general and administrative expenses were $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was a decrease of less than $0.1 million, or 5.5%, that primarily related to decreases in professional fees and licenses.

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Net Operating Income for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

The following table reflects the revenues, property operating expenses and NOI for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 for our Same Store and Non-Same Store properties (dollars in thousands):

 

 

See reconciliation of net income (loss) to NOI below under “Non-GAAP Measures – Net Operating Income and Same Store Net Operating Income” below.

Non-GAAP Measures

Net Operating Income and Same Store Net Operating Income

NOI is a non-GAAP financial measure of performance. NOI is used by investors and our management to evaluate and compare the performance of our properties to other comparable properties, to determine trends in earnings and to compute the fair value of our properties as NOI is not affected by (1) the cost of funds, (2) acquisition costs, (3) non-operating fees to affiliates, (4) the impact of depreciation and amortization expenses as well as gains or losses from the sale of operating real estate assets that are included in net income computed in accordance with GAAP, (5) corporate general and administrative expenses, (6) other gains and losses that are specific to us, and (7) expenses that are not reflective of the ongoing operations of the properties or are incurred on behalf of the Company at the property for expenses such as legal, professional and franchise tax fees.

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The cost of funds is eliminated from net income (loss) because it is specific to our particular financing capabilities and constraints. The cost of funds is also eliminated because it is dependent on historical interest rates and other costs of capital as well as past decisions made by us regarding the appropriate mix of capital which may have changed or may change in the future. Acquisition costs and non-operating fees to affiliates are eliminated because they do not reflect continuing operating costs of the property owner. Depreciation and amortization expenses as well as gains or losses from the sale of operating real estate assets are eliminated because they may not accurately represent the actual change in value in our multifamily properties that result from use of the properties or changes in market conditions. While certain aspects of real property do decline in value over time in a manner that is reasonably captured by depreciation and amortization, the value of the properties as a whole have historically increased or decreased as a result of changes in overall economic conditions instead of from actual use of the property or the passage of time. Gains and losses from the sale of real property vary from property to property and are affected by market conditions at the time of sale which will usually change from period to period. Entity level general and administrative expenses incurred that relate to the properties are eliminated as they are specific to the way in which we have chosen to hold our properties and are the result of our joint venture ownership structuring. Also, expenses that are incurred upon acquisition of a property do not reflect continuing operating costs of the property owner. These gains and losses can create distortions when comparing one period to another or when comparing our operating results to the operating results of other real estate companies that have not made similarly timed purchases or sales. We believe that eliminating these costs from net income is useful because the resulting measure captures the actual ongoing revenue generated and actual expenses incurred in operating our properties as well as trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs.

However, the usefulness of NOI is limited because it excludes corporate general and administrative expenses, interest expense, interest income and other expense, acquisition costs, certain fees to affiliates, depreciation and amortization expense and gains or losses from the sale of properties, and other gains and losses as determined under GAAP, the level of capital expenditures and leasing costs necessary to maintain the operating performance of our properties, all of which are significant economic costs. NOI may fail to capture significant trends in these components of net income which further limits its usefulness.

We define Same Store NOI as NOI for our properties that are comparable between periods. We view Same Store NOI as an important measure of the operating performance of our properties because it allows us to compare operating results of properties owned for the entirety of the current and comparable periods and therefore eliminates variations caused by acquisitions or dispositions during the periods.

NOI is a measure of the operating performance of our properties but does not measure our performance as a whole. NOI is therefore not a substitute for net income (loss) as computed in accordance with GAAP. This measure should be analyzed in conjunction with net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP and discussions elsewhere in “—Results of Operations” regarding the components of net income (loss) that are eliminated in the calculation of NOI. Other companies may use different methods for calculating NOI or similarly entitled measures and, accordingly, our NOI may not be comparable to similarly entitled measures reported by other companies that do not define the measure exactly as we do.

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NOI for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 and Same Store NOI for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

The following table, which has not been adjusted for the effects of noncontrolling interests, details our NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 and our Same Store NOI for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 

 

FFO and AFFO

We believe that net income, as defined by GAAP, is the most appropriate earnings measure. We also believe that funds from operations, or FFO, as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), and adjusted funds from operations, or AFFO, are important non-GAAP supplemental measures of operating performance for a REIT. Because the historical cost accounting convention used for real estate assets requires depreciation except on land, such accounting presentation implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. However, since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market and other conditions, presentations of operating results for a REIT that use historical cost accounting for depreciation could be less informative. Thus, NAREIT created FFO as a supplemental measure of operating performance for REITs that excludes historical cost depreciation and amortization, among other items, from net income, as defined by GAAP. FFO is defined by NAREIT as net income computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses from real estate dispositions, plus real estate depreciation and amortization and impairment charges. We compute FFO attributable to common stockholders in accordance with NAREIT’s definition. Our presentation differs slightly in that we begin with net income (loss) before adjusting for noncontrolling interests and show the noncontrolling interests as an adjustment to arrive at FFO attributable to common stockholders. AFFO is utilized by us to reflect our ongoing results of the existing portfolio by removing the impact of expenditures by adjusting our FFO for items that do not necessarily reflect ongoing property operations, such as acquisition expenses, equity-based compensation expenses, prepayment penalties incurred on the early retirement of debt, the amortization of deferred loan costs, the ineffective portion of fair value adjustments on our interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, and the noncontrolling interests related to these items. AFFO will also be adjusted to include any gains (losses) from sales of property to the extent excluded from FFO.

We believe that the use of FFO and AFFO, combined with the required GAAP presentations, improves the understanding of operating results of REITs among investors and makes comparisons of operating results among such companies more meaningful. We consider FFO and AFFO to be useful measures for reviewing comparative operating and financial performance because, for FFO, by excluding gains or losses from real estate dispositions, impairment charges and real estate depreciation and amortization, and, for AFFO, by excluding acquisition expenses, prepayment penalties incurred on the early retirement of debt, and non-cash expenses such as equity-based compensation expenses, the ineffective portion of fair value adjustments on our interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, and the amortization of deferred loan costs, FFO and AFFO can help investors compare our operating performance

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between periods and to other REITs. While FFO and AFFO are relevant and widely used measures of operating performance of REITs, they do not represent cash flows from operations or net income (loss) as defined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to those measures in evaluating our liquidity or operating performance. FFO and AFFO do not purport to be indicative of cash available to fund our future cash requirements. Further, our computation of FFO and AFFO may not be comparable to FFO and AFFO reported by other REITs that do not define FFO in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or that interpret the current NAREIT definition or define AFFO differently than we do.

The following table reconciles our calculations of FFO and AFFO to net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 

 

FFO was $6.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $7.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was a decrease of approximately $0.1 million. We had an increase in NOI of approximately $1.4 million and an increase in interest expense of approximately $1.1 million between periods. The increase in interest expense primarily relates to interest expense costs of approximately $0.5 million incurred on our interest rate swaps and one-time interest charges of approximately $0.9 million during the period in 2016, which consisted of $0.4 million of amortization of deferred financing costs and $0.5 million of prepayment penalties incurred on the early retirement of debt related to our disposition of four properties, and was partially offset by a $0.6 million gain recognized on the ineffective portion of fair value adjustments on our interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges. FFO was $22.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $18.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, which was an increase of approximately $4.0 million. The change in our FFO between periods primarily relates to an increase in NOI of approximately $8.4 million and an increase in interest expense of approximately $4.5 million. The increase in interest expense primarily relates to interest expense costs of approximately $0.5 million incurred on our interest rate swaps and one-time interest charges of approximately $1.5 million during the period in 2016, which consisted of $0.7 million of amortization of deferred financing costs and $0.8 million of prepayment penalties incurred on the early retirement of debt related to our disposition of

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seven properties, and was partially offset by a $0.6 million gain recognized on the ineffective portion of fair value adjustments on our interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges.

The change in our AFFO for the three months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to AFFO for the three months ended September 30, 2015 primarily relates to the gain on sales of real estate, prepayment penalties incurred on the early retirement of debt, and amortization of deferred financing costs we recognized related to the disposition of four properties during the period in 2016, and was offset by the ineffective portion of fair value adjustments on our interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges and adjustments for amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests. The change in our AFFO for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to AFFO for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 primarily relates to the gain on sales of real estate, prepayment penalties incurred on the early retirement of debt, and amortization of deferred financing costs we recognized related to the disposition of seven properties during the period in 2016, and was offset by the ineffective portion of fair value adjustments on our interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges and adjustments for amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for operating expenses and other expenditures directly associated with our multifamily properties, including:

We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by operations and existing cash balances. As of September 30, 2016, we have reserved approximately $14.0 million for our planned capital expenditures to implement our value-add program.

Our long-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for the costs of acquiring additional multifamily properties, renovations and other capital expenditures to improve our multifamily properties and scheduled debt payments and distributions. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements through various sources of capital, which may include a revolving credit facility and future debt or equity issuances, existing working capital, net cash provided by operations, long-term mortgage indebtedness and other secured and unsecured borrowings, and property dispositions. However, there are a number of factors that may have a material adverse effect on our ability to access these capital sources, including the state of overall equity and credit markets, our degree of leverage, our unencumbered asset base and borrowing restrictions imposed by lenders (including as a result of any failure to comply with financial covenants in our existing and future indebtedness), general market conditions for REITs, our operating performance and liquidity and market perceptions about us. The success of our business strategy will depend, in part, on our ability to access these various capital sources.

In addition to our value-add program, our multifamily properties will require periodic capital expenditures and renovation to remain competitive. Also, acquisitions, redevelopments or expansions of our multifamily properties will require significant capital outlays. Long-term, we may not be able to fund such capital improvements solely from net cash provided by operations because we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deductions for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, and we are subject to tax on any retained income and gains. As a result, our ability to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions or redevelopment through retained earnings long-term is limited. Consequently, we expect to rely heavily upon the availability of debt or equity capital for these purposes. If we are unable to obtain the necessary capital on favorable terms, or at all, our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

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We believe that our available cash, expected operating cash flows and potential debt or equity financings will provide sufficient funds for our operations, anticipated scheduled debt service payments and dividend requirements for the twelve-month period following September 30, 2016.

Cash Flows

The following table presents selected data from the Company’s combined consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 

 

Cash flows from operating activities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, net cash provided by operating activities was $28.5 million compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $17.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase in net cash from operating activities was mainly due to changes in net income (loss), offset by changes in noncash items such as gain on sales of real estate, depreciation and amortization.

Cash flows from investing activities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, net cash provided by investing activities was $116.4 million compared to net cash used in investing activities of $267.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The change in cash flows from investing activities was mainly due to the sales of seven properties during the period in 2016 for net proceeds of approximately $131.8 million compared to the acquisition of nine properties during the period in 2015 for a combined purchase price of approximately $258.2 million. The change in cash flows from investing activities was also due to additions to operating real estate investments, primarily related to our value-add program, of approximately $17.2 million during the period in 2016 compared to approximately $29.6 million during the period in 2015.

Cash flows from financing activities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, net cash used in financing activities was $127.0 million compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $257.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The change in cash flows from financing activities was mainly due to the retirement of $82.9 million of debt related to the sales of seven properties and the use of proceeds from two of the sales to pay down $18.0 million of principal on our bridge facility during the period in 2016 compared to the acquisition of nine properties during the period in 2015 for a combined purchase price of approximately $258.2 million, which was funded through debt and capital contributions.

Mortgage Indebtedness

As of September 30, 2016, our subsidiaries have aggregate outstanding mortgage indebtedness to third parties of approximately $425.7 million at a weighted average interest rate of 2.75% and an adjusted weighted average interest rate of 2.96%. For purposes of calculating the adjusted weighted average interest rate of our outstanding mortgage indebtedness, we have included the weighted average fixed rate of 0.9956% on $200.0 million of our combined $400.0 million notional amount related to our interest rate swap agreements that effectively fixes the interest rate on $200.0 million of our floating rate mortgage indebtedness. For additional information regarding our mortgage indebtedness and interest rate swap agreements, see Notes 6 and 7 to our combined consolidated financial statements.

We have entered into and expect to continue to enter into interest rate swap and cap agreements with various third parties to fix and cap the floating interest rates on a majority of our outstanding floating rate mortgage indebtedness. The interest rate swap agreements generally have a term of four to five years and effectively establish a fixed interest rate on debt on the underlying notional amounts. The interest rate swap agreements involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for us making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. As of September 30, 2016, interest rate swap agreements effectively covered $200.0 million of our $365.3 million of total outstanding floating rate mortgage indebtedness. The interest rate cap agreements generally have a term of three to four years and cover the outstanding principal amount of the underlying indebtedness. Under the interest rate cap agreements, we pay a fixed fee in exchange for the

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counterparty to pay any interest above a maximum rate. As of September 30, 2016, interest rate cap agreements covered $306.9 million of our $365.3 million of total outstanding floating rate mortgage indebtedness. These interest rate cap agreements cap the related floating interest rates of our mortgage indebtedness at a weighted average interest rate of 6.10% as of September 30, 2016. Three floating rate mortgages totaling $58.9 million did not have caps associated with them as of September 30, 2016.

With the exception of the 11 properties we refinanced with a credit facility (see “Credit Facility” below), each property has a separate non-recourse mortgage which is secured only by that property. These non-recourse mortgages have standard scope non-recourse carve outs required by agency lenders and generally call for protection by the borrower and the guarantor against losses by the lender for so-called “bad acts,” such as misrepresentations, and may include full recourse liability for more significant events such as bankruptcy. We and our property manager, BH, and its affiliates, provided non-recourse carve out guarantees for the mortgage indebtedness currently outstanding relating to the Portfolio.

We intend to invest in additional multifamily properties as suitable opportunities arise and adequate sources of equity and debt financing are available. We expect that future investments in properties, including any improvements or renovations of current or newly acquired properties, will depend on and will be financed by, in whole or in part, our existing cash, future borrowings and the proceeds from additional issuances of common stock or other securities. In addition, we may seek financing from U.S. government agencies, including through the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, the Federal National Mortgage Association, and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, in appropriate circumstances in connection with the acquisition or refinancing of existing mortgage loans.

Although we expect to be subject to restrictions on our ability to incur indebtedness, we expect that we will be able to refinance existing indebtedness or incur additional indebtedness for acquisitions or other purposes, if needed. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance our indebtedness, incur additional indebtedness or access additional sources of capital, such as by issuing common stock or other debt or equity securities, on terms that are acceptable to us or at all.

Furthermore, following the completion of our value-add and capital expenditures programs and depending on the interest rate environment at the applicable time, we may seek to refinance our floating rate debt into longer-term fixed rate debt at lower leverage levels.

Credit Facility

On June 6, 2016, we, through certain of our subsidiaries, entered into a $200.0 million credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with KeyBank National Association (“KeyBank”). The Credit Facility is a full-term, interest-only facility and is expandable to $300.0 million upon the satisfaction of certain conditions. The initial term of the Credit Facility is 60 months with one 12-month extension option. Interest accrues on the Credit Facility at an interest rate of one-month LIBOR plus 2.20%. The Credit Facility contains flexible prepayment options that are consistent with a majority of our other floating rate indebtedness.

On June 6, 2016, we drew $191.0 million under the Credit Facility to replace the existing mortgage debt on 11 properties (see below). The refinancing of this existing mortgage debt did not incur prepayment penalties. We subsequently drew an additional $9.0 million under the Credit Facility and used the proceeds to pay down a portion of our bridge facility (see “Bridge Facility” below). As of September 30, 2016, we have $200.0 million outstanding under our Credit Facility at an interest rate of 2.73% and an adjusted interest rate of 3.20%. For purposes of calculating the adjusted interest rate of our Credit Facility, we have included the weighted average fixed rate of 0.9956% on $200.0 million of our combined $400.0 million notional amount related to our interest rate swap agreements that effectively fixes the interest rate on the $200.0 million outstanding under our Credit Facility. For additional information regarding our Credit Facility and interest rate swap agreements, see Notes 6 and 7 to our combined consolidated financial statements.

The following 11 properties in our portfolio have been cross-collateralized as security for the Credit Facility:

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On October 11, 2016, we expanded our Credit Facility by $32.3 million and drew $29.5 million to fund a portion of the purchase price of The Colonnade, a 415-unit property we acquired in Phoenix, Arizona (see Note 11 to our combined consolidated financial statements).

Bridge Facility

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we paid down the entire $29.0 million of principal on our bridge facility (the “Bridge Facility”) with KeyBank, which was funded with $18.0 million of our share of proceeds, net of distributions to noncontrolling interests, from the sales of Park at Regency and Mandarin Reserve, $9.0 million of proceeds drawn under our Credit Facility and $2.0 million of cash on hand. The Bridge Facility was retired on August 2, 2016.

Interest Rate Swap Agreements

In order to fix a portion of, and mitigate the risk associated with, our floating rate indebtedness (without incurring substantial prepayment penalties or defeasance costs typically associated with fixed rate indebtedness when repaid early or refinanced), we, through our OP, have entered into four interest rate swap transactions with KeyBank (the “Counterparty”) with a combined notional amount of $400.0 million. The interest rate swaps effectively replace the floating interest rate (one-month LIBOR) with respect to that amount with a weighted average fixed rate of 0.9956%. During the term of these interest rate swap agreements, we are required to make monthly fixed rate payments of 0.9956%, on a weighted average basis, on the notional amounts, while the Counterparty is obligated to make monthly floating rate payments based on one-month LIBOR to us referencing the same notional amounts. We have designated these interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk. For additional information regarding the interest rate swaps, see Notes 6 and 7 to our combined consolidated financial statements.

The following table contains summary information regarding our outstanding interest rate swaps (dollars in thousands).

 

 

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Obligations and Commitments

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and commitments for the next five calendar years subsequent to September 30, 2016. Interest expense due by period on our floating rate debt is based on one-month and three-month LIBOR as of September 30, 2016. Net interest expense due by period on our interest rate swaps is based on one-month LIBOR as of September 30, 2016.

 

 

Capital Expenditures and Value-Add Program

We anticipate incurring average annual repairs and maintenance expense of $575-$725 per unit in connection with the ongoing operations of our business. These expenditures are expensed as incurred. In addition, we reserve, on average, approximately $250 to $350 per unit for non-recurring capital expenditures and/or lender required replacement reserves. These expenditures are either capitalized or expensed, in accordance with GAAP, depending on the type of the expenditure. Although we will continuously monitor the adequacy of this average, we believe these figures to be sufficient to maintain the properties at a high level in the markets in which we operate. A majority of the properties in our Portfolio were underwritten and acquired with the premise that we would invest $4,000-$10,000 per unit in the first 24-36 months of ownership, in an effort to add value to the asset’s exterior and interiors. In most cases, we reserved cash at closing to fund these planned capital expenditures and value-add improvements. As of September 30, 2016, we have reserved approximately $14.0 million for our planned capital expenditures and other expenses to implement our value-add program. The following table sets forth a summary of our capital expenditures related to our value-add program for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 

 

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Emerging Growth Company

Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition period. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates for such new or revised standards. We may elect to comply with public company effective dates at any time, and such election would be irrevocable pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act.

We could remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest of (1) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of becoming a public company, (2) the last day of the first fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of $1 billion or more, (3) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act (which would occur if the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million, measured as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and we have been publicly reporting for at least 12 months) or (4) the date on which we have, during the preceding three year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt.

Income Taxes

We anticipate that we will continue to qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and we intend to continue to be organized and to operate in a manner that will permit us to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to stockholders. As a REIT, we will be subject to federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (a) 85% of our ordinary income, (b) 95% of our capital gain net income and (c) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates, and dividends paid to our stockholders would not be deductible by us in computing taxable income. Any resulting corporate liability could be substantial and could materially and adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify to be taxed as a REIT.

Dividends

We intend to make regular quarterly dividend payments to holders of our common stock. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains. As a REIT, we will be subject to federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (a) 85% of our ordinary income, (b) 95% of our capital gain net income and (c) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. We intend to make regular quarterly dividend payments of all or substantially all of our taxable income to holders of our common stock out of assets legally available for this purpose, if and to the extent authorized by our Board. Before we make any dividend payments, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, we must first meet both our operating requirements and debt service on our debt payable. If our cash available for distribution is less than our taxable income, we could be required to sell assets, borrow funds or raise additional capital to make cash dividends or we may make a portion of the required dividend in the form of a taxable distribution of stock or debt securities.

We will make dividend payments based on our estimate of taxable earnings per share of common stock, but not earnings calculated pursuant to GAAP. Our dividends and taxable income and GAAP earnings will typically differ due to items such as depreciation and amortization, fair value adjustments, differences in premium amortization and discount accretion, and non-deductible general and administrative expenses. Our quarterly dividends per share may be substantially different than our quarterly taxable earnings and GAAP earnings per share. The Board declared the Company’s third quarterly dividend of 2016 of $0.206 per share on August 8, 2016, which was paid on September 30, 2016 and funded out of cash flows from operations.

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Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

Our significant accounting policies and critical accounting estimates are disclosed in Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the combined consolidated financial statements.

 

 

Market risk is the adverse effect on the value of a financial instrument that results from a change in interest rates. Our primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk with respect to our indebtedness. As of September 30, 2016, we have total indebtedness of $625.7 million at a weighted average interest rate of 2.74%, of which $565.3 million is debt with a floating interest rate. Our interest rate swap agreements have effectively fixed the interest rate on $400.0 million of our $565.3 million of debt with a floating interest rate (see below). As of September 30, 2016, the adjusted weighted average interest rate of the Company’s total indebtedness was 3.04%. For purposes of calculating the adjusted weighted average interest rate of the total indebtedness, the Company has included the weighted average fixed rate of 0.9956% on the $400.0 million notional amount related to its interest rate swap agreements that effectively fixes the interest rate on $400.0 million of the Company’s floating rate indebtedness.

An increase in interest rates could make the financing of any acquisition by us costlier. Rising interest rates could also limit our ability to refinance our debt when it matures or cause us to pay higher interest rates upon refinancing and increase interest expense on refinanced indebtedness. We may manage, or hedge, interest rate risks related to our borrowings by means of interest rate cap and interest rate swap agreements. At September 30, 2016, interest rate cap agreements covered $306.9 million of the $625.7 million of total outstanding indebtedness relating to the Company. As of September 30, 2016, these interest rate cap agreements cap the related floating interest rates at a weighted average interest rate of 6.10% for the term of the agreements, which is generally 3-4 years. We also expect to manage our exposure to interest rate risk by maintaining a mix of fixed and floating rates for our indebtedness.

In order to fix a portion of, and mitigate the risk associated with, our floating rate indebtedness (without incurring substantial prepayment penalties or defeasance costs typically associated with fixed rate indebtedness when repaid early or refinanced), we, through our OP, have entered into four interest rate swap transactions with KeyBank (the “Counterparty”) with a combined notional amount of $400.0 million. The interest rate swaps effectively replace the floating interest rate (one-month LIBOR) with respect to that amount with a weighted average fixed rate of 0.9956%. During the term of these interest rate swap agreements, we are required to make monthly fixed rate payments of 0.9956%, on a weighted average basis, on the notional amounts, while the Counterparty is obligated to make monthly floating rate payments based on one-month LIBOR to us referencing the same notional amounts. We have designated these interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk.

Until our interest rates reach the caps provided by our interest rate cap agreements, each quarter point change in LIBOR would result in an approximate increase to annual interest expense costs on our floating rate indebtedness, reduced by any payments due from the Counterparty under the terms of our interest rate swap agreements, of the amounts illustrated in the table below for our indebtedness as of September 30, 2016 (in thousands):

 

 

There is no assurance that we would realize such expense as such changes in interest rates could alter our liability positions or strategies in response to such changes.

We may also be exposed to credit risk in the derivative financial instruments we use. Credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative financial instruments. If the fair value of a derivative financial instrument is positive, the counterparty will owe us, which creates credit risk for us. If the fair value of a derivative financial instrument is negative, we will owe the counterparty and, therefore, do not have credit risk. We seek to minimize the credit risk in derivative financial instruments by entering into transactions with high-quality counterparties.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) and Rule 15d-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), our management, including our President and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated, as of September 30, 2016, the effectiveness of

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our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e). Based on that evaluation, our President and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2016, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the Exchange Act and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the President and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

We believe, however, that a controls system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls systems are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud or error, if any, within a company have been detected.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2016 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

 

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

 

 

None.

We have disclosed under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 21, 2016, risk factors which materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed. You should carefully consider the risk factors set forth in the Annual Report and the other information set forth elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. You should be aware that these risk factors and other information may not describe every risk facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Repurchase of Shares

The following table provides information on the Company’s purchases of equity securities during the three months ended September 30, 2016:

 

 

None.

None.

None.

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX

 

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

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