UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of

the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Amendment No. _____)

 

 

 

 

120 Vantis, Suite 350

Aliso Viejo, California 92656

NOTICE OF 2018 ANNUAL MEETING

Hyatt Regency San Francisco

May 3, 2018 at 8:30 a.m. local time

It is a pleasure to invite you to the 2018 annual meeting of stockholders of Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc., or Sunstone, a Maryland corporation, to be held at the Hyatt Regency San Francisco hotel, located at 5 Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111, on Thursday, May 3, 2018 at 8:30 a.m. local time, for the following purposes:

1.Election of eight directors to serve until the next annual meeting and until their successors are elected and qualified;

2.Ratification of the Audit Committee’s appointment of Ernst & Young LLP to act as the independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018;

3.Advisory vote to approve the compensation of Sunstone’s Named Executive Officers, as set forth in the proxy statement for Sunstone’s 2018 annual meeting of stockholders;

4.Transaction of other business as may properly come before the annual meeting, including any motion to adjourn to a later date to permit further solicitation of proxies, if necessary, or before any adjournment or postponement thereof.

Only stockholders of record of shares of Sunstone common stock, par value $0.01 per share, at the close of business on March 13, 2018 are entitled to notice of and to vote at the 2018 annual meeting or any adjournment or postponement of the meeting.

Whether you own a few or many shares and whether or not you plan to attend in person, it is important that your shares be voted on matters that come before the meeting. You can ensure that your shares are voted at the meeting by submitting your instructions by completing, signing, dating and returning the enclosed proxy card in the envelope provided or, if you own shares through a bank or broker that provides for voting by telephone or over the internet, by submitting your authorization to vote by telephone or over the internet in accordance with your bank’s or broker’s instructions. If your proxy card is signed and returned without specifying your choices, your shares will be voted on each proposal in accordance with our board’s recommendations.

We would like to take this opportunity to thank you for your continued support of Sunstone. We believe that our continued refinement of our compensation and corporate governance practices, coupled with our commitment to building long‑term value make Sunstone well positioned for a promising future. We continue to focus on improvements to Sunstone’s corporate compensation and governance practices, as reflected by the following previously implemented initiatives:  Director Holdover Resignation Guidelines; Limitations on Stockholder Rights Plans; Right of Stockholders to Amend Company Bylaws; and Restrictions on Classifying Directors.

Again, we thank you for your continued support and look forward to a promising future.

By Order of the Board of Directors

 

David M. Klein

Senior Vice President—General Counsel

and Secretary

March 21, 2018

 

Proxy Statement

Table of Contents

IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS FOR THE

STOCKHOLDER MEETING TO BE HELD ON MAY 3, 2018

This proxy statement and our Annual Report are available at our Investor Relations website at http://www.sunstonehotels.com/proxy.

 

PROXY SUMMARY

Your vote is very important. For this reason, our Board of Directors is soliciting the enclosed proxy to allow your shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, to be represented and voted, as you direct, by the proxy holders named in the enclosed proxy card at the 2018 annual meeting of stockholders of Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc. “We,” “our,” “the Company” and “Sunstone” refer to Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc.

This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this proxy statement. It does not contain all of the information that you should consider, so please read the entire proxy statement before voting. In addition, for more complete information about our 2017 financial performance, please see our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 (“Annual Report”), available at www.sunstonehotels.com. 

Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc. Annual Meeting of Stockholders

 

Voting Matters

 

Director Nominees

 

Corporate Governance Highlights

 

Our Board of Directors has adopted governance policies that we believe are in the best interests of our stockholders, including:

 

In addition, the members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee continue to improve corporate governance. Examples of past improvements to the Company’s compensation and governance programs include the following:

 

Our Compensation Practices

 

Objectives. We seek to attract, motivate and retain our Named Executive Officers (“NEO” or “NEOs”) through competitive compensation arrangements that we believe, within appropriate risk parameters, provide strong financial incentives for the executive officers to maximize stockholder value. In order to achieve our objectives and mitigate compensation risks to our stockholders, we utilize the following practices:

 

What we do:

What we do not do:

Compensation Program Summary. The following is a summary of the key provisions of our NEO compensation program:

 

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT HOW TO VOTE YOUR SHARES

What matters will be voted on at the annual meeting?

The annual meeting of stockholders will be held for the following purposes:

1.Election of eight directors to serve until the next annual meeting and until their successors are elected and qualified;

2.Ratification of the Audit Committee’s appointment of Ernst & Young LLP to act as the independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018;

3.Advisory vote to approve the compensation of Sunstone’s NEOs, as set forth in this proxy statement; and

4.Transaction of other business as may properly come before the annual meeting, including any motion to adjourn to a later date to permit further solicitation of proxies, if necessary, or before any adjournment or postponement thereof.

With respect to any other matter that properly comes before the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, the representatives holding proxies will vote as recommended by the Board of Directors, or if no recommendation is given, in their own discretion.

Who is entitled to vote?

Stockholders of record of our common stock as of the close of business on March 13, 2018, or the record date, are entitled to vote on matters that properly come before the meeting. Shares of common stock can be voted only if the stockholder is present in person or is represented by proxy. At the close of business on the record date, there were 225,617,772 shares of common stock outstanding and entitled to vote. The holders of common stock will vote together as a single class on all matters that properly come before the meeting.

How many votes do I have?

Each share of common stock has one vote.

How do I vote?

You can ensure that your shares are voted at the meeting by completing, signing, dating and returning the enclosed proxy form in the envelope provided.

If you own your shares through a bank or broker, you may be eligible to authorize a proxy to vote your shares electronically over the internet or by telephone. A large number of banks and brokerage firms are participating in the ADP Investor Communication Services, or ADP, online program. This program provides eligible stockholders who receive a paper copy of the Annual Report and proxy statement the opportunity to authorize a proxy to vote via the internet or by telephone. If your bank or brokerage firm is participating in ADP’s online program, your voting form will provide instructions. Stockholders who authorize a proxy to vote through the internet or telephone should be aware that they may incur costs to access the internet, such as usage charges from telephone companies or internet service providers, and that these costs must be borne by the stockholder. Stockholders who authorize a proxy to vote by internet or telephone need not return a proxy card by mail. If your voting form does not reference internet or telephone information, please complete and return the paper proxy card provided by your bank or broker.

If you attend the annual meeting in person, you may request a ballot when you arrive. If your shares are held in the name of your bank, broker or other nominee, prior to attending the meeting you need to request a legal proxy from your bank, broker or nominee as indicated on the back of the Voter Information form you received with your proxy material. The legal proxy must be presented to vote these shares in person at the annual meeting. If you have previously authorized a proxy, you may still vote in person at the annual meeting, which will serve as a revocation of your previous proxy.

Does Sunstone have a policy for confidential voting?

Sunstone has a confidential voting policy. All proxies and other materials, including telephone and internet proxy authorization, are kept confidential and are not disclosed to third parties. Such voting documents are available for examination by the inspector of election and certain personnel associated with processing proxy cards and tabulating the vote. We plan to appoint one inspector of election who will review and confirm the tabulation of votes at the annual meeting.

What if I return my proxy but do not mark it to show how I am voting?

If your proxy card is signed and returned without specifying your choices, your shares will be voted as recommended by the Board of Directors.

What are the Board of Directors’ recommendations?

The Board of Directors recommends that you vote FOR each of the nominees for director in Proposal 1; FOR Proposal 2 to ratify the Audit Committee’s appointment of Ernst & Young LLP to act as the independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018; and FOR Proposal 3 to approve, on a non‑binding, advisory basis, the compensation of our NEOs as set forth in this proxy statement.

What vote is required to approve each proposal?

Election of Directors:  There is no cumulative voting in the election of directors. A director shall be elected by an affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present; that is, a nominee will be elected as a director only if the number of votes cast “for” such nominee exceeds the number of votes “withheld” with respect to that nominee. Any shares not voted (whether by abstention, “broker non‑vote” (i.e., shares held by a broker or nominee which are represented at the meeting, but with respect to which such broker or nominee is not instructed to vote and has not voted on a particular proposal, or otherwise) have no effect on the vote.

Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm:  This proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present. Any shares not voted (whether by abstention, “broker non‑vote” or otherwise) have no effect on the vote.

Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation:  This proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present. Any shares not voted (whether by abstention, “broker non‑vote” or otherwise) have no effect on the vote.

What constitutes a quorum?

The presence of the owners of at least a majority (greater than 50%) of the aggregate number of shares of common stock entitled to vote at the annual meeting constitutes a quorum. Presence may be in person or by proxy. You will be considered part of the quorum if you return a signed and dated proxy card, if you authorize a proxy to vote by telephone or the internet, or if you attend the annual meeting.

Abstentions and “broker non‑votes” are counted as present and entitled to vote for purposes of determining a quorum. A “broker non‑vote” occurs when the broker or other entity is unable to vote on a proposal because the proposal is non‑routine and the owner does not provide instructions. Rules of the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, determine whether proposals presented at stockholder meetings are “routine” or “non‑routine.” If a proposal is routine, a broker or other entity holding shares for an owner in street or beneficial name may vote on the proposal without voting instructions from the owner. If a proposal is non‑routine, the broker or other entity may vote on the proposal only if the owner has provided voting instructions. The ratification of independent public accountants is generally a routine matter whereas the election of directors is not considered a routine matter. There are no rights of appraisal or similar dissenters’ rights with respect to any matter to be acted upon pursuant to this proxy statement.

What if other items come up at the annual meeting and I am not there to vote?

We are not now aware of any matters to be presented at the annual meeting other than those described in this proxy statement. When you return a signed and dated proxy card or provide your voting instructions by telephone or the internet, you give the proxy holders (the names of whom are listed on your proxy card) the discretionary authority to vote on your behalf on any other matter that is properly brought before the annual meeting.

Can I change my vote?

You can change your vote by revoking your proxy at any time before it is exercised in one of four ways:

What does it mean if I receive more than one proxy card?

Some of your shares are likely registered differently or are in more than one account. You should vote each of your accounts by mail, or if such service is provided by a bank or broker that holds your shares, by telephone or the internet. If you mail proxy cards, please sign, date and return each proxy card to ensure that all of your shares are voted.

If you hold your shares in registered form and wish to combine your stockholder accounts in the future, you should contact our transfer agent, American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, LLC, at 1‑800‑937‑5449. Combining accounts reduces excess printing and mailing costs, resulting in savings for Sunstone, that benefit you as a stockholder.

What if I receive only one set of proxy materials although there are multiple stockholders at my address?

If you and other residents at your mailing address own shares in “street name” (that is, through a broker or other nominee), your broker or bank may have sent you a notice that your household will receive only one Annual Report and proxy statement for each company in which you hold shares through that broker or bank. This practice of sending only one copy of proxy materials is known as “householding.” If you did not respond that you did not want to participate in householding, you were deemed to have consented to the process. If the foregoing procedures apply to you, your broker has sent one copy of our Annual Report and proxy statement to your address. You may revoke your consent to householding at any time by contacting your broker or bank. The revocation of your consent to householding will be effective 30 days following its receipt. In any event, if you did not receive an individual copy of this proxy statement or our Annual Report, we will send a copy to you without charge if you address your written request to Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc., 120 Vantis, Suite 350, Aliso Viejo, California 92656, Attention: Secretary. 

How do I submit a stockholder proposal for inclusion in the proxy statement for next year’s annual meeting?

Stockholder proposals may be submitted for inclusion in our 2019 annual meeting proxy statement after the 2018 annual meeting, but must be received no later than November 29, 2018. Proposals should be sent via registered, certified, or express mail to Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc., 120 Vantis, Suite 350, Aliso Viejo, California 92656, Attention: Secretary. See also “Stockholder Proposals for the 2019 Annual Meeting” later in this proxy statement.

What do I need to do to attend the annual meeting?

If you are a holder of record, you should indicate on your proxy card that you plan to attend the meeting by marking the box on the proxy card provided for that purpose.

For the safety and comfort of our stockholders, admission to the annual meeting will be restricted to:

Please note that space limitations may make it necessary to limit attendance. Admission to the meeting will be on a first‑come, first‑served basis. No more than two representatives of any corporate or institutional stockholder will be admitted to the meeting.

You may obtain directions to the Hyatt Regency San Francisco hotel in the Investor Relations section of our website at www.sunstonehotels.com or by calling us at 949‑330‑4000.

If you attend the meeting, you may be asked to present valid government‑issued photo identification, such as a driver’s license or passport, before being admitted. Cameras, recording devices, and other electronic devices will not be permitted, and attendees may be subject to security inspections or other security precautions.

PROPOSALS

Proposal 1: Election of Directors

Board of Directors.  The business and affairs of Sunstone are managed under the direction of our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors has responsibility for establishing broad corporate policies and for the overall performance of Sunstone, rather than for day‑to‑day operating details. Our Board of Directors currently consists of eight directors.

The proxy holders named on the proxy card intend to vote for the election of the eight nominees listed below. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee selected these nominees, which selection was ratified by the Board of Directors. If you do not wish your shares to be voted for particular nominees, you can vote “withhold” for the particular nominee provided on the proxy card or, if your shares are held through a bank or broker and you are authorizing a proxy to vote by telephone or the internet, follow the instructions provided when you access the telephone or internet proxy facilities.

If at the time of the meeting one or more of the nominees have become unable to serve, shares represented by proxies will be voted for the remaining nominees and for any substitute nominee or nominees designated by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. If one or more nominees have become unable to serve, the Board of Directors may, in accordance with our bylaws, reduce the size of the Board of Directors or may leave a vacancy until a nominee is identified. Each of the nominees has consented to act as a director if duly elected and qualified and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee knows of no reason why any of the nominees will be unable to serve.

Directors elected at the annual meeting will hold office until the next annual meeting and until their successors have been elected and qualified. For each nominee, there follows a brief listing of principal occupation for at least the past five years, other major affiliations, and age as of February 9, 2018. Each of the nominees is currently a director of the Company.

Nominees for Election as Directors.

John V. Arabia Age: 48 Director

Mr. Arabia is our President and Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, and a director. On February 14, 2011, we announced that we hired Mr. Arabia as Executive Vice President of Corporate Strategy and Chief Financial Officer, and on April 4, 2011 his employment began. On February 15, 2013, he was promoted to President, on February 19, 2014, he was appointed to serve as a member of our Board of Directors, and on January 17, 2015 he was promoted to President and Chief Executive Officer. Prior to joining Sunstone, Mr. Arabia served as Managing Director of Green Street Advisors’ (“Green Street”) real estate research team. Mr. Arabia joined Green Street in 1997 and created and managed the firm’s lodging research platform. Prior to joining Green Street, Mr. Arabia was a Consulting Manager at EY Kenneth Leventhal in the firm’s west coast lodging consulting practice. Mr. Arabia also serves on the Board of Directors of Education Realty Trust, Inc. (NYSE:EDR), a publicly traded real estate investment trust, or REIT, and one of America’s largest owners, developers and managers of collegiate housing. Mr. Arabia serves as chair of the nominating and corporate governance committee and as a member of the investment and oversight committee of the Board of Directors of EDR. He also serves as a director of the American Hotel & Lodging Association (AH&LA) and its Real Estate Finance Advisory Council (IREFAC). Mr. Arabia, who earned a CPA certificate from the state of Illinois, holds an M.B.A. degree in Real Estate/Accounting from the University of Southern California and a B.S. degree in Hotel Administration from Cornell University.

The following experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills led our Board of Directors to conclude that Mr. Arabia should serve as a director: his professional background and experience, extensive education, previously held senior‑executive level positions, other public company board experience, and his extensive finance and real estate investment experience.

W. Blake Baird Age: 57 Director

Mr. Baird has served as a director since April 28, 2016. Mr. Baird co‑founded Terreno Realty Corporation (NYSE: TRNO), and has served as chairman of its board of directors and its Chief Executive Officer since February 2010. Terreno Realty Corporation acquires, owns and operates industrial real estate in six major coastal U.S. markets. Mr. Baird was managing partner and co‑founder of Terreno Capital Partners LLC, a private real estate investment firm, from September 2007 to February 2010. Mr. Baird served as President of AMB Property Corporation (NYSE:AMB) from January 2000 to December 2006. AMB, now Prologis, Inc. (NYSE: PLD), is a leading global developer, owner and operator of industrial

real estate. Mr. Baird also served as a director of AMB from 2001 to 2006 and chairman of its investment committee. Mr. Baird joined AMB as its Chief Investment Officer in 1999. Prior to that, Mr. Baird was a managing director of Morgan Stanley & Co., most recently as head of Real Estate Investment Banking for the Western United States. Mr. Baird spent 15 years at Morgan Stanley and Dean Witter, the last 11 focusing on real estate. Mr. Baird currently serves as a director of Matson, Inc. (NYSE:MATX), a Honolulu‑headquartered ocean transportation and logistics company.

Mr. Baird is a former member of the Young Presidents’ Organization and a former member of the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts. Mr. Baird holds a B.S. degree in Economics from the Wharton School (magna cum laude) and a B.A. degree in History from the College of Arts and Sciences (magna cum laude) at the University of Pennsylvania. He also holds an M.B.A. degree from New York University.

The following experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills led our Board of Directors to conclude that Mr. Baird should serve as a director: his professional background and experience, education, previously held and current senior‑executive level positions, other public company board experience, his extensive background and experience with REITs and his background and experience in real estate and finance transactions.

Andrew Batinovich Age: 59 Director

Mr. Batinovich has served as a director since November 7, 2011. Mr. Batinovich currently serves as President and Chief Executive Officer of Glenborough, LLC, a privately held full service real estate investment and management company focused on the acquisition, management and leasing of institutional quality commercial properties. In 2010, Mr. Batinovich led a private investor group in acquiring Glenborough, LLC and related real estate assets that were originally part of Glenborough Realty Trust, a NYSE‑listed REIT, which was sold to affiliates of Morgan Stanley in 2006. From December 2006 to October 2010, Mr. Batinovich served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Glenborough, LLC, a company formed by an affiliate of Morgan Stanley to acquire Glenborough Realty Trust. In 1996, Mr. Batinovich co‑founded Glenborough Realty Trust and was President and Chief Executive Officer and a director at the time of the sale in 2006. Mr. Batinovich was appointed President of Glenborough Realty Trust in 1997 and Chief Executive Officer in 2003. He also served as Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer during his tenure at Glenborough Realty Trust.

Prior to founding Glenborough Realty Trust, Mr. Batinovich served as Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Glenborough Corporation until 1996 when it was merged into Glenborough Realty Trust. Glenborough Corporation was a private real estate investment and management company that completed a number of private placements of office, industrial, residential and hotel properties. Prior to joining Glenborough Corporation in 1983, Mr. Batinovich was an officer of Security Pacific National Bank. In August 2013, an affiliate of Glenborough, LLC became the advisor to Strategic Realty Trust, a non‑traded Securities and Exchange Commission registered REIT that owns a portfolio of shopping centers, and Mr. Batinovich was appointed Chief Executive Officer and a director. He also serves as a director of RAIT Financial Trust (NYSE: RAS) and as a trustee of the American University of Paris. Mr. Batinovich has a B.A. degree in International Business Administration from the American University of Paris.

The following experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills led our Board of Directors to conclude that Mr. Batinovich should serve as a director: his professional background and experience, education, previously held senior‑executive level positions, other public company board experience, his extensive background and experience with REITs and his background and experience in real estate and finance transactions.

Z. Jamie Behar Age: 60 Director

Ms. Behar has served as a director since October 26, 2004. From October 2005 through December 31, 2015, Ms. Behar was Managing Director, Real Estate & Alternative Investments, for GM Investment Management Corporation, or GMIMCo. She managed GMIMCo’s clients’ real estate investment portfolios, including both private market and publicly traded security investments, as well as their alternative investment portfolios, totaling approximately $12 billion at peak portfolio value. She was a member of GMIMCo’s Board of Directors, the Investment Management Committee, the Private Equity Investment Approval Committee and the Risk Management Committee. Ms. Behar also serves on the boards of: Gramercy Property Trust (NYSE: GPT), a publicly‑traded real estate company that specializes in acquiring and managing single‑tenant, net‑leased industrial and office properties located in the U.S. and Europe, where she also serves as a member of the Board’s Audit and Investment Committees; Forest City Realty Trust (NYSE: FCE.A), a publicly-traded real estate company focused on acquiring, developing and managing mixed-use office and multi-family assets located across the U.S., where she serves as a member of the Board’s Audit and Corporate Governance & Nominating Committees; and Broadstone Real Estate Access Fund, a registered closed-end management investment company, operated as an interval fund, that invests in institutional quality real estate and real estate-related investments, where she serves as a member of the Board’s Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee. Ms. Behar holds a Bachelor’s of Science in Economics (B.S.E)

from the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, a Master’s in Business Administration (M.B.A) from Columbia University Graduate School of Business, and the Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) designation.

The following experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills led our Board of Directors to conclude that Ms. Behar should serve as a director: her professional background and experience, extensive education, previously held senior‑executive level positions, other company board experience, prior Company board experience, domestic and international real estate knowledge, and her extensive experience in investments in hotels and real estate in general.

Thomas A. Lewis, Jr. Age: 65 Director

Mr. Lewis has served as a director since May 2, 2006. Until May 2014, Mr. Lewis served as the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of Realty Income Corporation, a NYSE‑listed REIT, and had served as a member of the Board of Directors of Realty Income Corporation since September 1993. Mr. Lewis joined Realty Income Corporation in 1987 and served as Chief Executive Officer from 1997 until September 3, 2013. In 2000 and 2001, he also held the position of President. Prior to joining Realty Income Corporation, he was an executive with Johnstown Capital, a real estate investment company (1982 to 1987), an investment specialist with Sutro & Co., Inc. (1979 to 1982), and in marketing with Procter & Gamble (1974 to 1979). Mr. Lewis has more than 20 years of experience directing public and private capital markets and real estate transactions. Mr. Lewis serves as a director of Alexander and Baldwin, Inc. (NYSE:ALEX), a Honolulu‑headquartered real estate, materials & road paving and agribusiness company, where he serves as a member of the Compensation Committee. Mr. Lewis holds a B.A. degree in Business Administration from Chaminade University of Hawaii.

The following experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills led our Board of Directors to conclude that Mr. Lewis should serve as a director: his professional background and experience, education, previously held senior‑executive level positions, other public company board experience, prior Company board experience, his extensive background and experience with REITs and his background and experience in real estate and finance transactions.

Murray J. McCabe Age: 50 Director

Mr. McCabe has served as a director since April 28, 2016. Mr. McCabe is currently a Managing Partner at Blum Capital Partners, L.P. and its affiliate Montgomery Street Partners, L.P., both investment firms, where he serves as a member of the Management Committees. His responsibilities include overseeing and managing real estate-related investment initiatives for Montgomery Street Partners, L.P., focusing on opportunistic equity investments.  Prior to joining Blum Capital, Mr. McCabe worked at JPMorgan Chase & Co. from 1992 through August 2012. During his 20-year tenure at JPMorgan, Mr. McCabe held several positions in the Investment Banking Division, including Managing Director and Global Head of Real Estate and Lodging Investment Banking.  In addition, Mr. McCabe served as a member of JPMorgan’s Mergers and Acquisitions Fairness Opinion Committee from 2001 to 2002, the Investment Banking Coverage Management Committee from 2010 through his departure in August 2012, and on the board of JPMorgan Real Estate Advisors during the same period.

Mr. McCabe is a member of the advisory board for the Fisher Center for Real Estate and Urban Economics at the University of California at Berkeley, and is also an executive council member of the Real Estate Finance and Investment Center and serves on the REIT Investment Funds advisory board for the McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas, Austin. He serves as a director of RREEF Property Trust, Inc., Columbia Property Trust (NYSE:CXP), and RREEF America REIT II Inc. Mr. McCabe holds a B.A. in Finance from the University of Texas at Austin.

The following experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills led our Board of Directors to conclude that Mr. McCabe should serve as a director: his professional background and experience, education, previously held and current senior‑executive level positions, other public company board experience, his extensive background and experience with REITs and his background and experience in real estate and finance transactions.

Douglas M. Pasquale Age: 63 Chairman of the Board

Mr. Pasquale has served as our Chairman of the Board since May 1, 2015, and as a director since November 7, 2011. Mr. Pasquale is Founder & CEO of Capstone Enterprises Corporation, an investment and consulting firm, since January 1, 2012. With the acquisition of Nationwide Health Properties, Inc. (NYSE: NHP) by Ventas, Inc. (NYSE: VTR) on July 1, 2011, Mr. Pasquale served as Senior Advisor to Ventas’s Chairman and CEO from July 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011. He also served on the Ventas Board of Directors from July 1, 2011 to May 18, 2017. Prior to Nationwide Health Properties’ acquisition, Mr. Pasquale served as Chairman of the Board of NHP from May 2009 to July 2011, as President and Chief Executive Officer of NHP from April 2004 to July 2011, and as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of NHP from November 2003 to April 2004. Mr. Pasquale was a director of NHP from November 2003 to July 2011. Mr. Pasquale previously served in various roles (most recently Chairman and Chief Executive Officer) at ARV

Assisted Living, Inc., an owner and operator of assisted living facilities, from June 1998 to September 2003 and concurrently served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Atria Senior Living Group, Inc. from April 2003 to September 2003. Mr. Pasquale also served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Richfield Hospitality Services, Inc. and Regal Hotels International—North America, a hotel ownership and management company, from 1996 to 1998, and as its Chief Financial Officer from 1994 to 1996. Mr. Pasquale serves as a director of: Alexander and Baldwin, Inc. (NYSE:ALEX), a Honolulu‑headquartered real estate, materials & road paving and agribusiness company, for which he serves as chair of the Audit Committee and a member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee; Terreno Realty Corporation (NYSE: TRNO), an industrial REIT with a focus in six coastal U.S. markets, for which he serves as lead independent director and a member of the Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance committees; and Dine Brand Global, Inc. (NYSE: DIN), which franchises Applebee’s and IHOP restaurants, for which he serves as a member of the Audit Committee. He is also Chairman of the Board of Trustees of ExplorOcean and a Director of Discovery Science Center/Discovery Cube/Ocean Quest. Mr. Pasquale is a successful leader in the real estate industry with extensive experience and strong skills in management, mergers and acquisitions and strategic planning. Mr. Pasquale received his B.S. degree in Accounting and his M.B.A. degree with highest honors from the University of Colorado.

The following experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills led our Board of Directors to conclude that Mr. Pasquale should serve as a director: his professional background and experience, extensive education, previously held senior‑executive level positions, other public company board experience, his extensive background and experience with REITs and his background and experience in real estate and finance transactions.

Keith P. Russell Age: 72 Director

Mr. Russell has served as a director since October 26, 2004. Since June 2001, Mr. Russell has been President of Russell Financial, Inc., a strategic and financial consulting firm serving businesses and high net worth individuals. Mr. Russell is retired as the Chairman of Mellon West and the Vice Chairman of Mellon Financial Corporation, in which capacities he served from May 1996 until March 2001. From September 1991 through April 1996, Mr. Russell served in various positions at Mellon, including Vice Chairman and Chief Risk Officer of Mellon Bank Corporation and Chairman of Mellon Bank Corporation’s Credit Policy Committee. From 1983 to 1991, Mr. Russell served as President and Chief Operating Officer, and a director, of Glenfed/Glendale Federal Bank. Mr. Russell also serves on the Board of Directors of Hawaiian Electric Industries (NYSE:HE), where he serves as a member of the audit committee, and serves on the Board of Directors of American Savings’ Bank, a subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Industries, where he serves as chair of the risk committee and a member of the audit committee. Mr. Russell also serves as a member of the Board of Directors of KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc. where he serves as the chair of the audit committee and as a member of the conflicts committee. From 2002 to 2011, Mr. Russell was a director of Nationwide Health Properties, Inc. (for which he also served as chair of the audit committee and a member of the nominating and governance committee). Mr. Russell has been a panelist at various conferences and seminars, addressing topics such as corporate governance and audit committee role. Mr. Russell holds a B.A. degree in Economics from the University of Washington and an M.A. degree in Economics from Northwestern University.

The following experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills led our Board of Directors to conclude that Mr. Russell should serve as a director: his professional background and experience, extensive education, previously held senior‑executive level positions, other public company board experience, prior Company board experience, his extensive experience in corporate risk, accounting and finance and general investment experience.

Voting recommendation. Directors will be elected by a majority of the votes cast. Any shares not voted, whether by abstention, “broker non‑vote” or otherwise, will have no impact on the vote.

Our Corporate Governance Guidelines and Bylaws provide a majority voting standard in uncontested director elections. A director nominee will be elected to the Board only if the number of votes cast “for” such nominee’s election exceeds the number of votes cast “withheld” with respect to such nominee’s election (with abstentions and broker non-votes not counted as votes cast either for or withheld in such election). If an incumbent nominee for director fails to receive the required majority vote in a director election, he or she will tender his or her resignation as a director for consideration by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, and, ultimately, the Board.

In the event any incumbent nominee for director does not receive the requisite majority vote, our Corporate Governance Guidelines and Bylaws provide that our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will evaluate the circumstances of the failed election, and will make a recommendation regarding how to act upon the tendered resignation to the full Board, taking into consideration the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. After considering the recommendation of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, the full Board will then act upon the resignation, and will publicly disclose its decision regarding the tendered resignation and its rationale within 90 days of the certification of the election results. If the Board accepts the resignation, the nominee will no longer serve on the Board. If the Board rejects the resignation, the nominee will continue to serve until his or her successor has been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier disqualification, death, resignation or removal.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Board shall be required to accept any resignation tendered by a nominee who is already serving as a director if such nominee shall have received more votes “against” or “withheld” than “for” his or her election at each of two consecutive annual meetings of stockholders for the uncontested election of directors at which a quorum was present.

The Board of Directors recommends that our stockholders vote FOR each of the nominees.

 

Proposal 2: Ratification of the Audit Committee’s Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Audit Committee has selected and appointed the firm of Ernst & Young LLP to act as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2018. Ernst & Young LLP has audited the financial statements for us since our initial public offering on October 26, 2004.

Although stockholder ratification of the appointment of our independent auditor is not required by our bylaws or otherwise, we are submitting the selection of Ernst & Young LLP to our stockholders for ratification as a matter of good corporate governance practice. Even if the selection is ratified, the Audit Committee in its discretion may select a different independent registered public accounting firm at any time if it determines that such a change would be in the best interests of the Company. If our stockholders do not ratify the Audit Committee’s selection, the Audit Committee will take that fact into consideration, together with such other factors it deems relevant, in determining its next selection of our independent registered public accounting firm.

In selecting Ernst & Young LLP as the Company’s independent registered accounting firm, the Audit Committee considered many factors, including the quality of its ongoing discussions with Ernst & Young LLP’s representatives, the experience and professional qualifications of Ernst & Young LLP, and Ernst & Young LLP’s programs and processes for maintaining its independence. Furthermore, in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission rules and Ernst & Young LLP’s policies, lead engagement partners are subject to rotation requirements to limit the number of consecutive years the lead partner may provide services. For lead audit partners, the maximum number of consecutive years of service in that capacity is five years. We select the Company’s lead audit partner pursuant to this rotation policy following meetings between the Chairman of the Audit Committee and candidates for that role, as well as discussions by the full Audit Committee, members of the Board of Directors and management.

Representatives of Ernst & Young LLP are expected to be present at the annual meeting. These representatives will have an opportunity to make a statement if they so desire and will be available to respond to appropriate questions.

You can find more information about our relationship with Ernst & Young LLP on page 50 of this proxy statement.

Voting recommendation. Ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP requires a majority of the votes cast. Any shares not voted, whether by abstention, “broker non‑vote” or otherwise, have no impact on the vote.

The Board of Directors recommends that our stockholders vote FOR the ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for 2018.

 

Proposal 3: Advisory Vote (Non‑Binding) on Executive Compensation

Section 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as enacted as part of the Dodd‑Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act in July 2010, or the Dodd‑Frank Act, requires us to submit to our stockholders a non‑binding advisory vote to approve the compensation of the NEOs listed in the Summary Compensation Table of this proxy statement, commonly referred to as a “say‑on‑pay” vote.

The Board of Directors has approved the submission of the following resolution to the Company’s stockholders for approval at the 2018 annual meeting:

“Resolved, that the stockholders hereby approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of the Company’s Named Executive Officers as disclosed in the Company’s 2018 proxy statement pursuant to the disclosure rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (which disclosure includes the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, the Summary Compensation Table and the other executive compensation tables and related discussion).”

As described more fully in the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” beginning on page 25 of this proxy statement, the Company’s executive compensation program is designed to attract, motivate and retain talented executives through competitive compensation arrangements that, within appropriate risk parameters, provide strong financial incentives for the executive officers, including the NEOs, to maximize stockholder value. The compensation program is designed to achieve these objectives through a combination of the following types of compensation: base salary, annual cash incentive bonus awards and equity incentive awards. Base salary is intended to provide a baseline level of compensation for our NEOs. The remaining types of compensation, which in the aggregate represent the majority of our NEOS’ target total compensation opportunities, tie compensation directly to the achievement of corporate and individual objectives. Highlights of the Company’s executive compensation program include the following:

The Compensation Committee and the Board believe that these policies are effective at incentivizing the achievement of the Company’s strong financial performance.

At the 2017 annual meeting, the Company’s stockholders voted in favor of holding annual say-on-pay votes, and following the 2017 stockholder vote, our Board of Directors accepted the stockholders’ advisory vote and resolved to continue to hold annual advisory say-on-pay votes.

Voting recommendation. The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast will be required to approve, on a non‑binding, advisory basis, the compensation of our NEOs as disclosed in this proxy statement.

The stockholder vote on executive compensation is an advisory vote only, and it is not binding on the Company, the Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee. Although the vote is non‑binding, the Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors value the opinions of the stockholders and will consider the outcome of the vote when making future compensation decisions.

The Board of Directors recommends that our stockholders vote FOR the approval (on a non-binding, advisory basis) of the compensation of the NEOs as disclosed in this proxy statement.

COMPANY INFORMATION

Corporate Governance

In light of applicable legal requirements, such as the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002 and related rules promulgated by both the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), we provide the following discussion to inform you of our efforts to assure that we employ best practices in our corporate governance. A copy of our Corporate Governance Guidelines is available in the Investor Relations section of our website at www.sunstonehotels.com. In addition, a printed copy of the Corporate Governance Guidelines will be provided without charge upon request to Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc., 120 Vantis, Suite 350, Aliso Viejo, California 92656, Attention: Secretary.

We have also established conflict of interest and other policies to serve the long‑term interests of our stockholders and further align the interests of our directors and management with our stockholders.

Conflict of Interest Policy 

We have adopted a policy which provides that the approval of our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is required for any transaction involving us and any of our directors, officers or employees, or any entity in which any of our directors, officers or employees is employed or has an interest of more than 5%.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics 

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which requires, among other things, that directors, officers and employees act with integrity. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics also prohibits our directors, officers and employees from taking (or directing to a third party) a business opportunity that is discovered through the use of corporate property, information or position, unless we have already been offered the opportunity and turned it down, in which case our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee must in any event approve the director, officer or employee interest therein. More generally, our directors, officers and employees are prohibited from using corporate property, information or position for personal gain. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted in the Investor Relations section of our website at www.sunstonehotels.com. In addition, a copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics will be provided without charge upon request to Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc., 120 Vantis, Suite 350, Aliso Viejo, California 92656, Attention: Secretary.

Pledging and Hedging Policies 

We have established pledging and hedging policies applicable to our directors, officers and other employees (collectively referred to in this section only as “insiders” and individually as an “insider”).

Margin Accounts and Pledges. Securities held in a margin account or pledged as collateral for a loan may be sold without the insider’s consent by the broker if the insider fails to meet a margin call or by the lender in foreclosure if the insider defaults on the loan. Because a margin or foreclosure sale may occur at a time when the insider is aware of material nonpublic information or otherwise is not permitted to trade in Company securities, insiders are prohibited from holding Company securities in a margin account or pledging Company securities as collateral for a loan. An exception to this prohibition may be granted where the insider wishes to pledge Company securities as collateral for a loan (not including margin debt) and clearly demonstrates the financial capacity to repay the loan without resort to the pledged securities. If the insider wishes to pledge Company securities as collateral for a loan, the insider must submit a request for approval to the Chief Financial Officer at least one month prior to the proposed execution of documents evidencing the proposed pledge.

Hedging Transactions. Certain forms of hedging or monetization transactions, such as zero‑cost collars and forward sale contracts, involve the establishment of a short position in the Company’s securities and limit or eliminate an insider’s ability to profit from an increase in the value of the Company’s securities. Such transactions are complex and involve many aspects of the federal securities laws, including filing and disclosure requirements. Therefore, the Company requires insiders that wish to enter into such an arrangement to first pre‑clear the proposed transaction. Any request for pre‑clearance must be submitted to the Chief Financial Officer at least one month prior to the proposed execution of documents evidencing the proposed transaction.

Environmental, Social and Governance Practices

All of our hotels currently participate in some form of environmental, social and governance practice (“ESG”), and we are committed to expand these practices and programs over the next several years. Currently, our ESG programs cover such areas as energy conservation, water conservation, waste reduction and recycling. Sunstone’s comprehensive energy‑efficiency program is aimed not only at making our hotels more energy efficient and environmentally‑friendly, but also at enhancing the profitability of our hotels. Our energy‑efficiency program includes, but is not limited to, retro‑fitting incandescent lighting systems with new LED fixtures, guestroom “smart” thermostats that adjust room conditions based on whether the room is occupied or not, central plant efficiency upgrades, laundry outsourcing, low‑flow toilet systems and energy co‑generation facilities. Additionally, our hotels participate in the Clean the World program, a well-respected and highly recognized hospitality ESG organization. Through the Clean the World Program, unused soap and bottled hygiene products such as shampoo are collected from our hotels and then sterilized, recycled and re-manufactured into new toiletries, which are distributed to vulnerable/at risk communities both locally and around the world. In 2017, our hotels contributed over 25,000 pounds of soap and bottled amenities to the program, which would otherwise have been destined for landfills.

We continue to seek new ESG innovations and practices to implement across our portfolio. While the lodging industry’s ESG efforts are at an early stage, the various hotel brands are aligned with us in their desire to advance ESG programs and practices. Together we are committed to improving energy efficiency, and the environmental impact of our hotels.

Independence of Directors and Committees

The Board of Directors has determined that a majority of the current Board of Directors is independent as defined under the NYSE’s rules and that a majority of the Board of Directors will be independent if the slate of directors up for election in Proposal 1 of this proxy statement are elected. Directors who serve on the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are also subject to these independence requirements. Directors who serve on the Audit Committee are subject to these and additional independence requirements.

To be considered independent under the NYSE’s rules, the Board of Directors must determine that a director does not have a material relationship with Sunstone and/or its consolidated subsidiaries (either directly or as a partner, stockholder, or officer of an organization that has a relationship with any of those entities).

The Board of Directors undertakes on a quarterly basis a review of the independence of the directors nominated for election at the upcoming annual meeting. During this review, the Board of Directors considers the transactions and relationships between each director or any member of his or her immediate family and Sunstone and its subsidiaries and affiliates as reported under “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” below. The Board of Directors also examines transactions and relationships between directors or their affiliates and members of the senior management or their affiliates. The purpose of this review is to determine whether any such relationships or transactions are inconsistent with a determination that such director is independent.

As a result of this review, the Board of Directors affirmatively determined that each member of the Board of Directors, other than Mr. Arabia, is independent of Sunstone and its management under the independence standards of the NYSE.

The Board of Directors Leadership Structure

From May 1, 2015 to present, Mr. Pasquale has served as our Chairman of the Board. From January 17, 2015 to present, Mr. Arabia has served as President, Chief Executive Officer and a director. Assuming that the nominees listed in Proposal 1 are elected as directors at the 2018 annual meeting, we expect Mr. Pasquale will continue to serve as our Chairman of the Board and Mr. Arabia as our President and Chief Executive Officer and a director.

Since October 26, 2004, the roles of chairman and chief executive officer have been held separately. Though the Board of Directors does not have a formal policy as to whether the chairman should be an independent director, an affiliated director, or a member of management, in the event the chairman is or becomes an affiliated director or a member of Company management, or if the independent directors were to determine that it is in the best interests of the Company, the independent directors will appoint from among themselves an independent co‑chairman or lead independent director (consistent with our bylaws and our corporate governance guidelines).

The role of the Chairman of the Board is to coordinate the activities of the independent directors, coordinate with the Chief Executive Officer and corporate secretary to set the agenda for Board of Directors’ meetings, chair executive sessions of the independent directors, provide leadership to the Board of Directors and uphold high corporate governance and ethical

standards, communicate effectively with management on a regular basis, provide support and advice to the Chief Executive Officer, facilitate communication between and among the independent directors and management, take a lead role in the Board of Director’s self‑assessment and evaluation processes, and perform the other duties either specified in the corporate governance guidelines or assigned from time to time by the Board of Directors.

Furthermore, our Board of Directors currently has seven independent members and one non‑independent member, Mr. Arabia. Assuming that the nominees listed in Proposal 1 are elected as directors at the 2018 annual meeting, our Board of Directors will continue to have seven independent members and one non‑independent member. A number of the members of our Board of Directors are currently serving or have served as members of senior management of other public companies and have served as directors of other public companies. We currently have three board committees comprised solely of independent directors.

Our Board of Directors believes its leadership structure is appropriate as it effectively allocates authority, responsibility and oversight between management and the independent members of our Board of Directors. It accomplishes this by giving primary responsibility for the operational leadership and strategic direction of the Company to our Chief Executive Officer, while enabling our Chairman of the Board to facilitate our Board of Directors’ independent oversight of management, promote communication between management and our Board, and support our Board’s consideration of key governance matters.

Risk Oversight

Our Audit Committee is primarily responsible for overseeing the Company’s risk management processes on behalf of the full Board of Directors. The Audit Committee receives reports from management at least quarterly regarding the Company’s assessment of risks. In addition, the Audit Committee reports regularly to the full Board of Directors, which also considers the Company’s risk profile. The Audit Committee and the full Board of Directors focus on the most significant risks facing the Company and the Company’s general risk management strategy, and also ensure that risks undertaken by the Company are consistent with the Board of Directors’ appetite for risk. While the Board of Directors oversees the Company’s risk management, Company management is responsible for the day‑to‑day risk management processes. We, together with the Board of Directors, believe this division of responsibilities is the most effective approach for addressing the risks facing the Company.

Our Compensation Committee oversees risk management as it relates to our compensation plans, policies and procedures and has met with management to review and confirm that our compensation programs do not create incentives to our employees to take excessive or inappropriate risks that could have a material adverse effect on the Company. We believe that features of our programs, including the mix of long‑ and short‑term incentives and equity grants, as well as our internal financial and legal controls, appropriately mitigate the risk of employees taking actions that may benefit the employee in the short term, but ultimately harm the Company.

Director Attendance at Meetings

Each of our directors is expected to attend each annual meeting of stockholders and all meetings of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors held five meetings and acted by written consent on two occasions in 2017. During that period, all directors attended 100% of the aggregate of the meetings of the Board of Directors and all committees of the Board of Directors on which they served during the periods in which they served. In addition, all of our directors attended our annual meeting of stockholders in 2017.

Stockholder Communication with the Board of Directors and Non‑Employee Directors

Stockholders may communicate any matters they wish to raise with the directors by writing to the Board of Directors, Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc., 120 Vantis, Suite 350, Aliso Viejo, California 92656, Attention: Secretary. Stockholders should provide proof of stock ownership with their correspondence. All communications from verified stockholders will be received and processed by the Secretary and then directed to the appropriate member(s) of the Board of Directors.

In addition, any interested party who wishes to communicate directly with our non‑employee directors may contact our Chairman of the Board at the mailing address of the Company’s executive offices at 120 Vantis, Suite 350, Aliso Viejo, California 92656, Attention: Secretary. All communications will be received and processed on a confidential basis by the Secretary and then directed to the appropriate non‑employee director(s).

Committees of the Board of Directors

Our Board of Directors complements its oversight responsibilities through the following three standing committees, each of which is briefly described below: the Compensation Committee, the Audit Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Each of our committees has a charter, current copies of which may be viewed in the Investor Relations section of our website at www.sunstonehotels.com. In addition, printed copies of our committee charters will be provided without charge upon request to Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc., 120 Vantis, Suite 350, Aliso Viejo, California 92656, Attention: Secretary.

Compensation Committee.  The Compensation Committee determines compensation and benefits for all executive officers, oversees our equity compensation plans and assists in the establishment of compensation policies applicable to employees generally. The members of the Compensation Committee are independent directors as required by the listing standards and rules of the NYSE, are “outside directors” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended, the “Code”), and are “non‑employee directors” for the purposes of Rule 16b‑3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

The current members of our Compensation Committee are:

The Compensation Committee held four meetings during 2017.

Audit Committee.  Our Board of Directors has adopted an Audit Committee charter, which defines the Audit Committee’s purposes to include oversight of:

All of the members of the Audit Committee are financially literate within the meaning of the listing standards and rules of the NYSE. At least one member is an audit committee financial expert as that term is defined by applicable rules of the SEC, and at least one member possesses accounting and financial management expertise within the meaning of the listing standards and rules of the NYSE. The Board of Directors has determined that each member of the Audit Committee is independent within the meaning of the rules of both the NYSE and the SEC.

The current members of our Audit Committee are:

The Audit Committee held four meetings during 2017.

The Board of Directors has determined that each of Andrew Batinovich, Z. Jamie Behar and Keith P. Russell is qualified as an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of SEC regulations. In making this determination, the Board of Directors considered the following qualifications: (a) understanding of generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP; (b) ability to apply GAAP to accounting for estimates, accruals and reserves; (c) experience preparing, auditing, analyzing or evaluating financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the issues likely to be raised by our financial statements, or experience actively supervising persons engaged in these activities; (d) understanding of internal control over financial reporting; and (e) understanding of audit committee functions.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.  The Board of Directors has delegated to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee the responsibility to select and to recommend to the Board of Directors, nominees for election at any annual meeting, or any special meeting of stockholders, and any person to be considered to fill a vacancy or a newly created directorship that is the result of any increase in the authorized number of directors. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is also responsible for nominating board committee members, reviewing our corporate governance guidelines, assisting with the annual evaluation of the Board of Directors, and approving certain transactions involving a conflict of interest. The Board of Directors has determined that each of the members of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is independent within the meaning of the listing standards of the NYSE.

In connection with its annual process for identifying directors to nominate or re-nominate, or to be recommended to the Board of Directors for nomination or re-nomination, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee seeks to determine whether the proposed candidate demonstrates an ability and willingness to:

Additionally, in reviewing the qualifications of particular candidates, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may choose to recommend individuals who can contribute an important, special or unique skill, expertise or perspective to the Board of Directors. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee recommends, among other things, whether the existing Board of Directors contains the appropriate size, structure and composition, whether some or all of the incumbent directors should be recommended to the Board of Directors for re‑nomination, and whether the Board of Directors should be enlarged to include additional directors.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will consider as potential director nominees candidates recommended by various sources, including any member of the Board of Directors or senior management. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may also retain a third‑party search firm to identify candidates. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also considers recommendations for nominees that are timely submitted by stockholders and only if such recommendations are delivered in the same manner prescribed by the advance notice provisions contained in Article II, Section 2.11 of our bylaws for stockholder proposals. See “Stockholder Proposals for the 2019 Annual Meeting.” In addition to satisfying the timing, ownership and other requirements specified in Article II, Section 2.11 of the bylaws, a stockholder’s notice must set forth as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to recommend that the committee nominate for election to the Board of Directors all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest, or is otherwise required, pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act and our bylaws (including such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected). Properly communicated stockholder recommendations will be considered in the same manner as recommendations received from other sources.

The current members of our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are:

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee held six meetings during 2017.

Current Committee Membership.  The table below summarizes the current membership information for the committees of the Board of Directors:

*Chair

The Board of Directors, at the recommendation of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, periodically reviews and modifies committee appointments.

Executive Sessions of Independent Directors.  Each member of the Board of Directors, other than Mr. Arabia, is currently an independent, non‑employee director. The independent, non‑employee directors held executive sessions at least once each quarter in 2017 and held other meetings relating to corporate governance during the year. Following the 2018 annual meeting, we expect that our non‑employee directors will continue to consist of each member of the Board of Directors, other than Mr. Arabia, and that Mr. Pasquale will continue to preside over executive sessions of the non‑employee directors.

 

STOCK OWNERSHIP

Stock Ownership Requirements

The Compensation Committee has established a stock ownership policy for our NEOs. The Compensation Committee believes that requiring the NEOs to maintain a meaningful ownership interest in the Company aligns the interests of the NEOs with those of our stockholders (i.e., the NEO will experience the same downside risk and upside potential as our stockholders experience). The policy provides that, on or before January 1 of the year following the fourth anniversary of the CEO’s appointment to such position, the CEO will own and retain shares of the Company’s common stock having a value equal to at least six times his or her annual base salary rate in effect on the December 31 immediately preceding the applicable January 1 determination date (described below). The policy further provides that, on or before January 1 of the year following the fourth anniversary of the other NEOs appointment to such position, each NEO will own and retain shares of the Company’s common stock having a value equal to at least: (i) three times for Executive Vice Presidents, and (ii) two times for Senior Vice Presidents, his or her annual base salary rate in effect on the December 31 immediately preceding the applicable January 1 determination date (described below).

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee has implemented stock ownership requirements for Company directors. Under these guidelines, each existing director, on or before January 1 of the year following the third anniversary of such director’s election to the Board of Directors, is required to hold stock valued at no less than three times the amount of the annual cash retainer paid to such director

To determine compliance with the stock ownership guidelines, (a) we include, in addition to shares the individual director or NEO owns outright, awarded but unvested restricted shares of Company stock and (b) we calculate the value of each individual’s stock holdings based on the average closing price on the NYSE of the Company’s common stock for the year ended immediately prior to the applicable January 1 determination date.

As of January 1, 2018, Messrs. Arabia, Giglia, Hoffman and Springer and each applicable member of the Company’s Board of Directors met or exceeded the stock ownership requirements. Mr. Klein, who joined the Company in 2016, must achieve compliance by January 1, 2021. Due to rules implemented by her former employer, all director fees for Ms. Behar (including the value of the annual stock grant and attendance fees) were paid in cash to her employer for her service on the Board of Directors through August 31, 2015. All director fees for her service on the Board of Directors from and after September 1, 2015 have been and will continue to be paid directly to Ms. Behar. All stock grants for her service on the Board of Directors from and after April 2016, have been and will continue to be paid directly to Ms. Behar. Accordingly, Ms. Behar is now subject to the above‑described stock ownership requirements and must achieve compliance by January 1, 2020. Messrs. Baird and McCabe, both of whom joined the Board of Directors in 2016, must achieve compliance by January 1, 2020. As of January 1, 2018, Ms. Behar and Messrs. Baird and McCabe met or exceeded the stock ownership requirements.

Security Ownership by Directors, Executive Officers and Five Percent Stockholders

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 13, 2018 with respect to (a) each director and director nominee, (b) each NEO, (c) all of our directors and executive officers as a group and (d) each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of greater than a 5% interest in our common stock. Unless otherwise indicated, all shares of common stock are owned directly and the indicated person has sole voting and investment power. Percentage ownership is based on 225,617,772 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 13, 2018.

Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each person is 120 Vantis, Suite 350, Aliso Viejo, California 92656.

*Represents less than 0.1% of the number of shares of our common stock and membership units in Sunstone Hotel Partnership, LLC.

 

OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The following sets forth biographical information regarding our Executive Officers for the year ended December 31, 2017, other than Mr. Arabia, whose biographical information is set forth above under "Proposal 1: Election of Directors."

Bryan A. Giglia, 41, is our Executive Vice President—Chief Financial Officer. Prior to his appointment to Chief Financial Officer in February 2013, Mr. Giglia served as Senior Vice President—Corporate Finance since March 1, 2010 and oversaw capital market transactions, corporate financial planning and analysis, and investor relations. Mr. Giglia joined the Company in March 2004 as a financial analyst, serving in the capacity of Director of Finance from October 2005 through February 2007. From March 2007 to February 2010, he served as Vice President—Corporate Finance. From August 1998 to August 2002, he served in a variety of accounting positions for Hilton Hotel Corporation. From August 2002 until joining the Company in March 2004, Mr. Giglia attended the Marshall School of Business at the University of Southern California, where he earned an M.B.A. degree. Mr. Giglia earned his B.S. degree in Business Administration from the University of Arizona.

Marc A. Hoffman, 60, is our Executive Vice President—Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Hoffman joined us in June 2006 as Vice President—Asset Management, and was appointed Senior Vice President—Asset Management in January 2007 and Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer on February 18, 2010. For the twenty-seven years prior to joining Sunstone, Mr. Hoffman served in various positions at Marriott International, Inc., including General Manager of The Vail Marriott, General Manager of Marriott's Harbor Beach Resort and Spa, Marriott Market Manager for Fort Lauderdale, General Manager of The Ritz-Carlton Palm Beach (where under Mr. Hoffman's leadership, the hotel obtained the Mobil 5 Star Award), and most recently as Vice President and Managing Director of Grande Lakes Orlando, which included the 1,000-room JW Marriott, the 584- room Ritz-Carlton Resort and Spa and The Ritz-Carlton Golf Club. Mr. Hoffman holds an A.O.S. degree from The Culinary Institute of America and a B.A. degree from Florida International University.

Robert C. Springer, 40, is our Executive Vice President—Chief Investment Officer. Mr. Springer joined us in May 2011 as Senior Vice President—Acquisitions. On February 15, 2013, he was promoted to Senior Vice President—Chief Investment Officer. Prior to joining Sunstone, Mr. Springer served as a Vice President in the Merchant Banking Division of Goldman, Sachs & Co. ("Goldman") and in the firm's principal lodging investing activity, which investments were primarily placed through the Whitehall Street Real Estate series of private equity funds, as well as the Goldman Sachs Real Estate Mezzanine Partners fund. Mr. Springer's involvement with these funds included all aspects of hotel equity and debt investing, as well as asset management of numerous lodging portfolios. Mr. Springer joined Goldman in February 2006. Prior to joining Goldman, Mr. Springer worked in both the feasibility and acquisitions groups at Host Hotels & Resorts from 2004 to 2006 and was integral to the closing of several large lodging deals. Mr. Springer started his career with PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP in the Hospitality Consulting Group from 1999 to 2004. Mr. Springer holds a B.S. degree in Hotel Administration from Cornell University.

David M. Klein, 49, is our Senior Vice President and General Counsel. In April 2016, we announced that we hired Mr. Klein in this capacity and his employment began on July 1, 2016. Prior to joining Sunstone, Mr. Klein was a Partner in the Hospitality & Leisure group of Dentons, LLP, the world’s largest law firm, where his practice focused solely on the hospitality and leisure industry.  Prior to joining Dentons, Mr. Klein held the position of co-founding Principal, Chief Administrative Officer and General Counsel of NYLO Hotels and Advaya Hospitality.  At NYLO, Mr. Klein spearheaded the company’s joint venture capitalization with Lehman Brothers, as well as multiple debt facilities for all company-owned hotel properties.  He also led the structuring of the joint venture capitalization of Advaya with Auromatrix, a large private Indian conglomerate based in Chennai, India.  Additionally, he oversaw all corporate and legal matters related to both companies’ ongoing franchise, management, development, financing and corporate affairs.  Prior to his roles with NYLO and Advaya, Mr. Klein was a partner in the Hospitality & Leisure group of Squire Sanders (Squire Patton Boggs).  Mr. Klein received his J.D. degree from the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University and his B.A. degree from the University of California at Los Angeles.

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Executive Summary

Overview. This Compensation Discussion and Analysis explains our compensation philosophy and policies that applied in 2017 to our executive officers, specifically our NEOs listed in the Summary Compensation Table below. It explains the structure and rationale associated with each material element of the compensation program for the NEOs, describes the actual compensation paid to our NEOs for 2017, and provides important context for the more detailed disclosure relating to our NEOs in the compensation tables following this Compensation Discussion and Analysis.

Mr. Arabia currently serves as our President and Chief Executive Officer and is a member of our Board of Directors. In accordance with the rules of the SEC, each of Messrs. Arabia, Giglia, Hoffman, Springer and Klein are NEOs for 2017.

The Board of Directors and our Compensation Committee consider it our responsibility to structure our compensation program in a way that is highly aligned with the interests of our stockholders. Although the advisory stockholder vote on executive compensation is non‑binding, the Compensation Committee has considered and will continue to consider the outcome of the vote when making future compensation decisions for NEOs. At our 2017 annual meeting, approximately 92.6% of votes cast were in favor of our “say-on-pay” proposal.  Though the members of the Compensation Committee believe that the stockholder vote on our 2017 “say‑on‑pay” proposal endorses the Company’s compensation program, the Compensation Committee endeavors to continuously improve the Company’s compensation program to more closely align compensation with the interests of our stockholders. Following the 2017 say-on-pay vote, our Board of Directors resolved to continue to hold annual say-on-pay votes, with the next vote being held in 2019.

In addition, the Compensation Committee seeks to attract, motivate and retain Sunstone’s executive officers through competitive compensation arrangements that the Compensation Committee believes, within appropriate risk parameters, provide strong financial incentives for the executive officers to maximize stockholder value.

Our executive compensation program is weighted towards variable, rather than fixed, compensation. Specifically, the variable portion of our executive compensation program is designed to reward performance relative to financial and other metrics that we believe will result in favorable total stockholder returns, both in terms of absolute appreciation in the value of our shares, and in terms of relative performance as compared to our peers, taking into consideration our competitive position within the real estate industry and each executive’s contributions to the Company. The Compensation Committee has also designed the compensation program to reward our executive officers at levels that the Compensation Committee believes to be competitive for companies in its industry, including in part as a result of the review of executive officer compensation levels at certain companies in a peer group, as identified below. We have not adopted any formal policies or guidelines for allocating compensation between long‑term and short‑term compensation, between cash and noncash compensation or among different forms of cash and noncash compensation.

Company Highlights – 2017 Financial and Operating Highlights.  In 2017, our 25-hotel portfolio, excluding the two hotels sold in January 2018 and the Oceans Edge Hotel & Marina which was not open in 2016, performed well despite a challenging operating environment. Our 2017 comparable hotel RevPAR increased approximately 3.6% benefiting from a 20 basis point increase in occupancy and a 3.4% increase in average daily rate (refer to “Operating Statistics” in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017). Additionally, comparable hotel revenue benefited as other incomes continued to grow, specifically, food and beverage increases at our Wailea Beach Resort and our Boston Park Plaza hotel which are continuing to benefit from their complete 2016 repositionings.

We improved the quality of our portfolio focusing on Long-Term Relevant Real Estate:

We improved an already strong balance sheet and liquidity:

We returned capital to our stockholders:

 

Total Stockholder Return. The following graph compares the total stockholder return of our common stock against the cumulative total returns of the Standard & Poor’s Corporation Composite 500 Index and the Morgan Stanley Capital International United States REIT Index (“MSCI US REIT Index” or “RMS”) for the period from December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2017. This graph assumes an initial investment of $100 in our common stock and in each of the indices, and also assumes the reinvestment of dividends. The performance graph is not indicative of future investment performance. We do not make or endorse any predictions as to future share price performance.

 

 

The actual returns on the graph above are as follows (rounded to the nearest whole dollar):

 

Compensation Highlights

The charts below illustrate the balance of the elements of target total compensation(1) during 2017 for Mr. Arabia, our CEO, and the average of the other NEOs.

 

 

As the charts above indicate, total target compensation for our CEO and other NEOs included performance-based cash and equity incentives of 76% and 69%, respectively, which aligns their performance with the interests of our stockholders.

 

2017 Compensation Decisions

 

The Compensation Committee assists the Board of Directors in determining the compensation of our executive officers. It evaluates and recommends to the Board of Directors appropriate policies and decisions relative to executive officer salary, benefits, bonus, incentive compensation, severance, equity-based and other compensation plans.

 

As described in more detail below, compensation for fiscal year 2017 for each of our NEOs was determined by the Compensation Committee based upon a review of the Company’s performance, the individual performance of each NEO, total compensation paid by the Company to each NEO in prior years, and, in certain instances, taking into account certain peer group information.

 

Management’s Involvement in Compensation Decisions.  The Compensation Committee exercises independent discretion and judgment in making compensation decisions after evaluating the Company’s performance, the executive’s past performance, including the extent to which the executive has met or exceeded specified targets or affected the Company’s performance, and the executive’s long‑term potential to enhance stockholder value. In connection with the executive compensation determination process, the Compensation Committee seeks input from the Company’s CEO regarding the compensation of the NEOs other than the CEO. In addition, from time to time, the Compensation Committee will direct management to work with its consultant(s) in providing proposals, program design and compensation recommendations. The CEO does not provide recommendations for changes in his or her own compensation. Any proposed changes to CEO compensation are recommended to the Board of Directors by the Compensation Committee, and final deliberations and all votes regarding CEO compensation are made in executive sessions of the Board of Directors, without the CEO present. Only Compensation Committee members vote on recommendations to the full Board of Directors regarding changes in executive compensation.

Annual Base Salary.  The Compensation Committee reviews base salaries annually, but base salaries are not automatically increased pursuant to pre‑determined formulas or otherwise and may not be increased if, among other things, the Compensation Committee believes that other elements of compensation are more appropriate in light of the Company’s stated objectives or that increases are not appropriate for other reasons. Each executive officer’s base salary serves as the base amount for determining annual cash and equity incentive award opportunities, which are calculated as percentages of such executive’s base salary.

The base salary of each of our executive officers is based on the review of the Compensation Committee described above and the following:

This determination is not formulaic and is not based on specific Company or individual performance targets objectives, but rather is subjective and made in light of our compensation philosophy and objectives described above. The following table includes the base salary determinations for each of our NEOs.

Annual Cash Incentive Bonuses and Annual Equity Incentive Awards.  We use annual cash incentive bonus and annual equity incentive awards to further motivate executive officers by establishing relationships between the bonuses and awards, on the one hand, and the performance of the Company and the executive officer on the other. We believe that tying our executive officers’ cash bonus and long‑term equity compensation to the quantitative metrics discussed below provides a strong financial incentive to maximize stockholder value.

The annual cash incentive bonus and equity incentive awards are intended to compensate our executive officers for achieving our annual financial goals at both the corporate and hotel asset levels and for implementing long‑term plans and strategies and achieving individual goals. The annual cash incentive bonus and annual equity incentive award programs are based on performance and responsibility level rather than on the basis of seniority, tenure or other entitlement. Each year, the Compensation Committee establishes performance‑based criteria, both corporate and individual, for each NEO, and the level of achievement of those criteria determines the size of the annual bonuses and equity awards made to the NEO in the next calendar year. This performance‑based program is intended to encourage our executive officers, including our NEOs, to continually improve their capabilities to enhance performance and deliver positive business results.

The annual equity incentive awards are also intended to encourage ownership, foster retention through post‑grant vesting schedules and align the executive officers’ interests with the long‑term interests of our stockholders. Historically, we have used restricted stock awards, the size of which is determined based on achievement of pre‑established performance goals and which generally vest over a three‑year period following grant. We use restricted stock for these awards in order to confer the full value of the equity because these awards are granted in respect of prior attainment of performance objectives, but we subject these awards to three‑year vesting to provide retention and integrity incentives (subject to accelerated vesting in certain circumstances, as discussed below in the table “—Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control”). Because the awards are only granted if certain performance criteria are met, we generally do not utilize additional performance‑based criteria in connection with the vesting of these awards.

As described further below, the Compensation Committee sets the annual cash incentive bonus and equity incentive award levels for each NEO based on the achievement of objective corporate performance criteria as well as subjective individual performance criteria. The award thresholds are set at levels intended to provide the executives with a significant incentive to enhance stockholder value. Accordingly, as discussed below, the target annual incentive cash bonus and target annual equity incentive award for each executive officer are set at levels that represent a significant percentage of such officer’s overall compensation arrangements.

Criteria and Metrics for 2017 Incentive Compensation.  In the first quarter of 2017, the Compensation Committee established quantitative and qualitative performance measures for both the annual cash incentive bonuses and the annual equity incentive awards for our NEOs. Each NEO’s potential for the annual cash incentive bonus and the annual equity incentive award opportunity was based on the achievement of both the Ten Goals (discussed below) and each NEO’s individual goal weighted as follows:

 

The relative weighting of the Ten Goals and individual goals established by the Compensation Committee for each of our NEOs reflects its analysis of the appropriate amount of emphasis to place on both objective corporate and subjective individual goals, and not any pre‑determined formula or methodology. The Compensation Committee may, at its discretion, adjust criteria to account for significant intra‑year transactions and circumstances.

The Compensation Committee determined that the amounts of the bonuses and awards to each NEO would, either in part or in whole, be based on the achievement of the following ten goals (collectively, the “Ten Goals”), each weighted as described (with the ranges representing variation in weighting among our NEOs as opposed to a range for each NEO), as well as individual performance:

 

For each of the Company’s Ten Goals, the Compensation Committee established four achievement levels—“Threshold,” “Target,” “High” and “Superior,” and for each achievement level, a corresponding multiple of base salary for each NEO. For each of the components, the amount granted or paid to the applicable NEO was the product of (a) his base salary, (b) the weighting for that component, (c) the multiple corresponding to the level of achievement and (d) the Compensation Committee’s subjective assessment as to whether the NEO’s performance warranted an increase or decrease.

Each of the Ten Goals is further discussed below.

Goals 1, 2 and 3 - Relative Total Stockholder Return. Relative total stockholder return, or RTSR, was measured in one, three and five year periods ending on the last trading day in 2017. We calculated RTSR as the increase (or decrease) in the price of the Company’s common stock on the NYSE as of the last trading day in 2017 over the price of the Company’s common stock on the NYSE as of the last trading day in 2016, 2014 and 2012, as applicable, plus dividends paid and reinvested on the Company’s common stock during the applicable period, relative to an equally‑weighted total stockholder return index consisting of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc., DiamondRock Hospitality Company and LaSalle Hotel Properties, all of which have asset quality and leverage levels most comparable to that of the Company. The Compensation Committee determined that for fiscal year 2017, the range for each of the RTSR components should be as follows:

 

Goals 4, 5 and 6 - Absolute Total Stockholder Return. Absolute total stockholder return, or ATSR, was measured in one, three and five year periods ending on the last trading day in 2017. We calculated ATSR as the increase (or decrease) in the price of the Company’s common stock on the NYSE as of the last trading day in 2017 over the price of the Company’s common stock on the NYSE as of the last trading day in 2016, 2014 and 2012, as applicable, plus dividends paid and reinvested on the Company’s common stock during the applicable period.

 

Goal 7 - Adjusted Funds From Operations Attributable to Common Stockholders Per Share. The primary objective of the adjusted funds from operations (“AFFO”), per share component was to measure management’s ability to oversee the financial performance of the Company.

The Compensation Committee determined that for fiscal year 2017, the range for the AFFO, per share component should be as follows:

Goal 8 – Debt to Undepreciated Book Value. The primary objective of this component was to measure the Company’s leverage levels against its long-term credit objectives. The debt to asset value was calculated as the ratio of the Company’s total debt to the Company’s reported undepreciated book asset value for fiscal year ended 2017. This component was calculated by dividing the Company’s indebtedness by the Company’s reported 2017 undepreciated book asset value for all hotels owned as of December 31, 2017.

The Compensation Committee determined that for fiscal year 2017, the range for the leverage ratio component should be as follows:

Goal 9 - Return on Assets. The primary objective of the return on assets component was to measure the financial performance of the Company’s gross investment in hotels, joint ventures and related businesses owned for the entire subject year. Any intra‑year acquisitions or dispositions are excluded from the calculation. Return on assets is calculated as In Place EBITDA/In Place Assets, where:

The Compensation Committee determined that for fiscal year 2017, the range for the return on assets component should be as follows:

 

Goal 10 - RevPAR Growth. The primary objective of this component was to measure the Company’s reported property‑level revenue growth per available room, or RevPAR, in 2017 as compared to 2016.

Individual Performance. The primary objective of this component was to drive individual performance and to ensure accountability with respect to individual performance throughout the calendar year. Each of the NEOs had individualized goals for 2017 as follows:

 

The Compensation Committee set targets for the above individual goals such that:

 

2017 Awards. To determine the actual incentive awards payable to each NEO, in February 2018, the Compensation Committee reviewed and assessed the performance of the Company and each NEO in comparison to the subjective and objective performance measures established in 2017 and described above. No bonus was awarded with respect to any component if performance for such component was below Threshold, and results were interpolated between the levels of Threshold, Target, High and Superior.

Cash Incentive Bonuses.  The following table summarizes all of the components of the cash incentive bonus with respect to fiscal year 2017 for each NEO (dollar values rounded to the nearest whole dollar).  For Mr. Arabia, the cash bonus reflects the product of base salary multiplied by the weighting of each goal and the interpolated achieved goal multiplier (threshold – 100%; target – 150%; high – 225%; superior (maximum) – 275%).  For Messrs. Giglia, Hoffman & Springer, the cash bonus reflects the product of base salary multiplied by the weighting of each goal and the interpolated achieved goal multiplier (threshold – 75%; target – 100%; high – 150%; superior (maximum) – 175%). For Mr. Klein, the cash bonus reflects the product of base salary multiplied by the weighting of each goal and the interpolated achieved goal multiplier (threshold – 50%; target – 75%; high – 85%; superior (maximum) – 100%).

Equity Incentive Awards.  The following table summarizes all of the components of the equity incentive award with respect to fiscal year 2017, granted in February 2018, for each NEO (dollar values rounded to the nearest whole dollar). For Mr. Arabia, the equity incentive award reflects the product of base salary multiplied by the weighting of each goal and the interpolated achieved goal multiplier (threshold – 150%; target – 275%; high – 325%; superior (maximum) – 425%). For Messrs. Giglia, Hoffman & Springer, the equity incentive award reflects the product of base salary multiplied by the weighting of each goal and the interpolated achieved goal multiplier (threshold – 150%; target – 200%; high – 250%; superior (maximum) – 300%). For Mr. Klein, the equity incentive award reflects the product of base salary multiplied by the weighting of each goal and the interpolated achieved goal multiplier (threshold – 100%; target – 125%; high – 150%; superior (maximum) – 200%).

 

The tables above also reflect that the Compensation Committee’s allocation between cash and equity incentive compensation was designed to award more than half of each NEO’s annual incentive compensation in equity to further the objectives of fostering executive ownership and the alignment of each executive’s interests with those of stockholders. One‑third of the number of shares granted will vest on each of February 9, 2019, 2020 and 2021, subject to the holder’s continued employment (including accelerated vesting in certain circumstances, as discussed below in the table “—Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control”).

Benefits and Perquisites. Our benefit programs are based on an assessment of competitive market factors, and a determination of what is needed to attract and retain qualified executives. Our primary benefits for executives include participation in our broad-based plans at the same cost and on the same terms as other employees. These plans include a tax qualified 401(k) savings plan (with safe harbor contributions equal to 3% of a participant’s pay up to $8,100), a profit-sharing plan (with Company contributions deposited directly into a participant’s 401(k) plan), health, dental and vison insurance plans, term life insurance and disability coverage.

We may also reimburse certain of our NEOs for reasonable legal fees and expenses incurred in connection with the negotiation of an employment agreement. In addition, we have agreed under certain circumstances to pay life insurance premiums for policies on behalf of the NEOs. We believe that providing these benefits is a relatively inexpensive way to enhance the competitiveness of the executives’ compensation packages.

The Company does not provide non‑qualified deferred compensation or pension benefits to any of its employees, including its NEOs.

Peer Group Information. The Compensation Committee uses comparison data from various companies in certain peer groups as a guide in its review and determination of base salaries, annual cash bonuses and restricted stock awards for its executive officers, including the NEOs. During 2016 and 2017, the Compensation Committee reviewed peer group data

provided by its independent compensation consultant, FPL, to assist in its determination regarding compensation for our NEOs for 2017. The Compensation Committee evaluates our performance and determines whether the compensation elements and levels that we provide to our executive officers, including our NEO’s, are generally appropriate relative to the compensation elements and levels provided to their counterparts at our peer companies, in light of our performance relative to our peers and in light of each executive officer’s contribution to our performance.

In 2016, the Compensation Committee, based on the information provided by FPL, determined the composition of our peer groups. The peer groups selected and used by the Compensation Committee are all public real estate companies and are divided into two groups: hotel REIT peers and size/geographic peers. Each peer group is discussed and identified below:

 

The peer group compensation analysis prepared by FPL in 2017 was utilized by our Compensation Committee to review and make informed decisions regarding our NEO compensation for 2018. 

COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT TO STOCKHOLDERS

The following is a report by the Company’s Compensation Committee regarding the Company’s executive officer compensation program.

The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc. (the “Company”) has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis contained in the proxy statement of the Company for the 2018 annual meeting of stockholders, or the CD&A, with management of the Company. Based on the Compensation Committee’s review of the CD&A and the Compensation Committee’s discussions of the CD&A with management, the Compensation Committee recommended to the Board of Directors (and the Board has approved) that the CD&A be included in the Company’s proxy statement on Schedule 14A prepared in connection with the annual meeting.

COMPENSATION COMMITTEE:

Andrew Batinovich, Chair

Thomas A. Lewis, Jr.

Murray J. McCabe

Douglas M. Pasquale

 

March 21, 2018

 

 

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The Summary Compensation Table below shows compensation information about our principal executive officer, our principal financial officer and the three other most highly compensated officers as of December 31, 2017. As required by SEC rules, the compensation amounts listed below include noncash items such as the grant date fair value of equity awards.

Summary Compensation Table