UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
x
QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 or 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017
   
o
TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 or 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from  _______      to ________.
 
Commission File Number 0-7092  
 
RELIABILITY INCORPORATED
(Name of registrant in its charter)
     
TEXAS
 
75-0868913
(State or other jurisdiction of  incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
     
53 Forest Avenue, First Floor, Old Greenwich, Connecticut 
 
06870
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
     
(203) 489-9500
(Issuer’s telephone number, including area code)  
 
 
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report.)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding twelve months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past ninety days.    x YES o NO
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  YES ☐ NO
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or, an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company", and "emerging growth company", in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer
 
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer  
 
Smaller reporting company
(Do not check if smaller reporting company)
 
Emerging growth company 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.):    x YES o NO
 

State the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common equity, as of the latest practicable date: 16,914,693 shares of Common Stock, no par value, as of August 4, 2017.
 
 

 
 
 
RELIABILITY INCORPORATED
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
As of and For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
INDEX
 
 
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
     
Item 1.
Unaudited Financial Statements 
 
     
 
Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 
 3
     
 
Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 
4
     
 
Statements of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 
5
     
 
Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 
6
     
 
Notes to Unaudited Financial Statements 
7-9
     
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
10
     
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 
11
     
Item 4.
Risk Controls and Procedures 
11
     
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings 
12
Item 1a.
Risk Factors 
12
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 
12
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities 
12
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures 
12
Item 5.
Other Information 
12
Item 6.
Exhibits 
13
     
Signatures 
14
   
Exhibits 
15
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
- 2 -

 
 


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.   Financial Statements

 
 
 
RELIABILITY INCORPORATED
UNAUDITED BALANCE SHEETS
As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
June 30,
2017
   
December 31,
2016
 
ASSETS
 
Current assets
           
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
16,591
   
$
30,479
 
 
               
Total current assets
   
16,591
     
30,479
 
 
               
Total Assets
 
$
16,591
   
$
30,479
 
 
               
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
 
Current liabilities:
               
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
 
$
2,387
   
$
9,955
 
 
               
Total current liabilities
   
2,387
     
9,955
 
 
               
Long term liabilities:
               
Accrued interest on loans
   
18,975
     
14,524
 
Loans from stockholder and affiliate
   
90,000
     
90,000
 
 
               
Total long term liabilities 
   
108,975
     
104,524
 
 
               
Total liabilities
   
111,362
     
114,479
 
 
               
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
               
Preferred stock, without par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding
   
-
     
-
 
Common stock, without par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 17,268,993 shares issued
   
9,912,150
     
9,912,150
 
Accumulated deficit
   
(8,912,404
)
   
(8,901,633
)
Less treasury stock at cost, 354,300 shares
   
(1,094,517
)
   
(1,094,517
)
 
               
Total stockholders' deficit
   
(94,771
)
   
(84,000
)
 
               
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit
 
$
16,591
   
$
30,479
 
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
 
 
 
 
- 3 -





 
RELIABILITY INCORPORATED
UNAUDITED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2017 AND 2016
 
 
 
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
 
 
2017
   
2016
 
 
           
Operating expenses:
           
General and administrative
 
$
2,542
   
$
4,171
 
Interest expense
   
2,238
     
1,243
 
Total expenses
   
4,780
     
5,414
 
Operating loss
   
(4,780
)
   
(5,414
)
Loss before taxes
   
(4,780
)
   
(5,414
)
Taxes
   
250
     
-
 
Net Loss
 
$
(5,030
)
 
$
(5,414
)
Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share
   
(0.00
)
   
(0.00
)
Weighted average shares:
               
Basic
   
16,914,693
     
16,914,693
 
Diluted
   
16,914,693
     
16,914,693
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
 
 
 
- 4 -

 
 

 
RELIABILITY INCORPORATED
UNAUDITED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2017 AND 2016
 
 
 
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
 
 
2017
   
2016
 
 
           
Operating expenses:
           
General and administrative
 
$
6,069
   
$
8,002
 
Interest expense
   
4,451
     
2,486
 
Total expenses
   
10,520
     
10,488
 
Operating loss
   
(10,520
)
   
(10,488
)
Loss before taxes
   
(10,520
)
   
(10,488
)
Taxes
   
250
     
-
 
Net Loss
 
$
(10,770
)
 
$
(10,488
)
 
               
Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share
 
$
(0.00
)
 
$
(0.00
)
Weighted average shares:
               
Basic
   
16,914,693
     
16,914,693
 
Diluted
   
16,914,693
     
16,914,693
 
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
 
 
 
 
 
- 5 -

 
 


RELIABILITY INCORPORATED
UNAUDITED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2017 AND 2016
 
 
 
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
 
 
2017
   
2016
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
           
Net loss
 
$
(10,770
)
 
$
(10,488
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:                 
Accrued interest on loans from stockholder and affiliate
   
4,451
     
2,486
 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
               
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
   
(7,569
)
   
(1,609
)
Net cash used in operating activities
   
(13,888
)
   
(9,611
)
 
               
Net (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
   
(13,888
)
   
(9,611
)
Cash and cash equivalents:
               
Beginning of period
   
30,479
     
11,923
 
End of period
 
$
16,591
   
$
2,312
 
 
               
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
               
 
               
 Cash paid during the period for:
               
     Income taxes
 
$
250
   
$
-
 
     Interest
 
$
-
   
$
-
 
 

 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
 
 
 
- 6 -

 
 
 
RELIABILITY INCORPORATED
NOTES TO UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2017
 
 

1.  OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations
Reliability Incorporated (the "Company") was incorporated under the laws of the State of Texas in 1953, but the principal business of the Company started in 1971, and was closed down in 2007. The Company has no further operating activities and is now a shell company.

Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company has concluded that it should look for acquisitions or identify a merger partner and is actively in discussions with interested parties.  There can be no assurances that the Company will be successful in completing such a transaction or be able to maintain sufficient liquidity over a period of time that will allow it to carry out these actions, in which case the Company might be forced to liquidate or seek protection under the Federal bankruptcy statutes, or both.
The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the possible inability of the Company to continue as a going concern.

The Company is quoted on the OTC Marketplace under the symbol "RLBY".

Basis of presentation
The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the interim periods ended June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017.

For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Cash Equivalents
For the purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid cash investments that mature in three months or less when purchased, to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value.

Stock Options
Compensation cost relating to stock-based payments, including grants of employee stock options, is recognized in financial statements based on the fair value of the equity instruments issued on the grant date.  The Company recognized the fair value of stock-based compensation awards as compensation expense in its statement of operations on a straight line basis, over the vesting period.
 
 
 
 
- 7 -




RELIABILITY INCORPORATED
NOTES TO UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2017



Income Taxes
Income taxes are provided under the asset and liability method and reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. The Company establishes valuation allowances when the realization of specific deferred tax assets is subject to significant uncertainty. The Company records no tax benefits on its operating losses, as the losses will have to be carried forward and realization of any benefit is uncertain.

Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity. Since the exercise price of the Company's outstanding stock options exceeded the average market price of its common shares during the periods presented, the options would have been anti-dilutive and were not considered in these calculations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying values of the Company's current assets and current liabilities approximated fair value due to their short maturity or nature.  It is not practicable to estimate the fair value of the loans from stockholder and affiliate due to the related party nature of the amounts.

Reclassification
Certain amounts in the prior period financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB")  issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which provides guidance under U.S. GAAP about management's responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity's ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. In doing so, the amendments should reduce diversity in the timing and content of footnote disclosures. The ASU is effective for all entities and for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU No. 2014-15 did  not  have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.


2. INCOME TAXES

The Company has substantial U.S. net operating loss carryforwards that will expire in 2023 through 2035. These carryforwards are subject to certain limitations on annual utilization and in the event of a change in ownership, as defined by tax law. See Note 2 to the Company's financial statements in its Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

The Company's income tax returns remain subject to examination for the years 2013 through 2016 for federal and state purposes.
 
 
 
- 8 -

 
 

 

RELIABILITY INCORPORATED
NOTES TO UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2017
 

3. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

On January 15, 2014, the Company issued 3,401,360 shares of unregistered common stock in a private placement to Lone Star Value Investors, LP, an entity controlled by a former director and officer of the Company, for cash proceeds of $50,000.  The proceeds of this issuance were used to assist in funding the Company's operating expenses.
 

4.  LOANS FROM STOCKHOLDER AND AFFILIATE

On June 6, 2014, a shareholder, Lone Star Value Investors, LP was issued a promissory note by the Company in the amount of $50,000 (2014 Note). The proceeds of the note are being used for ongoing operating expenses. The loan bears interest at 10% per annum. Interest on the loan and the full amount of the principal is to be repaid on June 30, 2019.
 
On August 2, 2016, the Company issued a promissory note to an affiliate of Lone Star Value Investors, LP in the amount of $40,000 (2016 Note). The proceeds of the Note will be used for ongoing operating expenses. The 2016 Note bears interest at 10% per annum. Interest and principal on the 2016 Note is to be repaid on August 31, 2021, and all payments are subordinate to the payment of all outstanding amounts due under the 2014 Note.
 
During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, the Company recognized interest aggregate interest expense in the amount of $4,451 and $2,486 respectively. Total accrued interest on the 2014 Note and 2016 Note is $18,975 and $14,524 as of the June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized interest expense in the amount of $2,238 and $1,243, respectively.

 
5. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

No material subsequent events have occurred since June 30, 2017 that require recognition or disclosure   in the financial statements
 
 
 
- 9 -

 


RELIABILITY INCORPORATED
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
June 30, 2017
 
 
 
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Management's Discussion and Analysis and other parts of this report contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as current expectations and assumptions. From time to time, the Company may publish forward-looking statements, including those that are contained in this report, relating to such matters as anticipated financial performance, business prospects, technological developments, new products, research and development activities and similar matters. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements. In order to comply with the terms of the safe harbor, the Company notes that a variety of factors could cause the Company's actual results and experience to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the Company's forward-looking statements. The risks and uncertainties that may affect the operations, performance, development and results of the Company's business include, but are not limited to, its ability to maintain sufficient working capital, adverse changes in the economy, the ability to attract and maintain key personnel, its ability to identify or complete an acceptable merger or acquisition, and future results related to acquisition, merger or investment activities. The Company's actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, including those set forth elsewhere in this report. The Company assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND COMMENTS RELATED TO OPERATIONS
This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

There have been no material changes or developments in the Company's evaluation of the accounting estimates and the underlying assumptions or methodologies that it believes to be Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates as disclosed in its Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Management's Discussion included in the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 includes discussion of various factors and items related to the Company's results of operations and liquidity. There have been no other significant changes in most of the factors discussed in the Form 10-K and many of the items discussed in the Form 10-K are relevant to 2017 operations; thus the reader of this report should read Management's Discussion included in Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Revenues
Revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 were zero, since all operations were discontinued as of September 30, 2007.

General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 were $2,542 and $6,069, respectively, as compared to $4,171 and $8,002 in the comparable periods in 2016.  The decrease is due to lower legal expenses in 2017 as compared to 2016.
 
 
 
- 10 -


 
 

 

Interest Expense
The Company recognized interest expense in the amount of $2.238 and $4,451 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, related to the loans from stockholder and affiliate.  The interest expense in the prior year was $1,243 and $2,486 for the corresponding periods through June 30, 2016.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The Company has undertaken steps to reduce its expenses and improve the Company's liquidity, including the previous sale and discontinuance of all operations.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. However, the Company currently has no operating activities. There can be no assurances that the Company will be able to successfully complete a merger or acquisition or be able to maintain sufficient liquidity to continue to seek a merger or acquisition, in which case the Company might be forced to liquidate or seek protection under the Federal bankruptcy statutes, or both.

The Company is in preliminary active discussions with interested parties as to possible acquisitions and or mergers, for which the impact of a successful transaction would be significant, but for which there is currently a low probability of execution.

Net cash used by operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2017 was $13,888 compared to $9,611 in the comparable period of 2016.   The increase was attributable to a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities during the six months ended June 30, 2017.
 

Item 3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 

Not applicable.
 

Item 4.   Risk Controls and Procedures
 

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures The Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report were effective such that the information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure. A controls system cannot provide absolute assurance, however, that the objectives of the controls system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.

(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting, known to the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
 
 
 

- 11 -




RELIABILITY INCORPORATED
OTHER INFORMATION
June 30, 2017
 
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
 

 
Item 1. Legal Proceedings

None.
 

Item 1a. Risk Factors
 
In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report, stockholders should carefully consider the factors discussed in Item 1A, Risk Factors, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.


Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.
 

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.
 

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.
 

Item 5. Other Information

None.
 
 
- 12 -





Item  6.
Exhibits:
 
The following exhibits are filed as part of this report:


 Exhibit No.
 
Descriptiom
 
 
 
31.1
  
CEO Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 
 
 
31.2
  
CFO Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 
 
 
32.1
  
CEO Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
32.2
  
CFO Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
101
 
Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) the Balance Sheets, (ii) the Statements of Operations, (iii) the Statements of Cash Flows and (iv) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and in detail (XBRL).
 
 
 
- 13 -


 

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

   
RELIABILITY INCORPORATED
(Registrant)
     
August 14, 2017
 
 
 
 
/s/ Hannah Bible
   
Hannah Bible
   
President and Chief Executive Officer
   
 
 
 
/s/ Hannah Bible
   
Hannah Bible
   
Chief Financial Officer
 


.
- 14 -

 
 
INDEX TO EXHIBITS




 Exhibit No.
 
Descriptiom
 
 
 
31.1
  
CEO Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 
 
 
31.2
  
CFO Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 
 
 
32.1
  
CEO Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
32.2
  
CFO Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
101
 
Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) the Balance Sheets, (ii) the Statements of Operations, (iii) the Statements of Cash Flows and (iv) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and in detail (XBRL).
_______
 
** XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) information is furnished and not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections



 
 
 
- 15 -