Edgar Filing: SEACHANGE INTERNATIONAL INC

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

Form 10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 0-21393

SEACHANGE INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

04-3197974

(State or other jurisdiction

of incorporation or organization)

(IRS Employer

Identification No.)

50 Nagog Park, Acton, MA 01720

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(978)-897-0100

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) Of The Act:

Common Stock, $0.01 par value

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) Of The Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or in any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of July 31, 2016, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing price for the registrant’s Common Stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on such date was $109,408,093. The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of the close of business on April 10, 2017 was 35,312,255.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement filed no later than 120 days after the Company’s fiscal year end pursuant to Regulation 14A are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR PURPOSES OF THE “SAFE HARBOR” PROVISIONS OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995

The statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) of SeaChange International, Inc. (“SeaChange,” the “Company,” “us,” or “we”), including, but not limited to the statements contained in Item 1., “Business,” and Item 7., “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” along with statements contained in other reports that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), external documents and oral presentations, which are not historical facts, are considered to be “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements which may be expressed in a variety of ways, including the use of forward looking terminology such as “believe,” “expect,” “seek,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “potential,” “continue,” “estimate,” “plan,” or “anticipate,” or the negatives thereof, other variations thereon or compatible terminology, relate to, among other things, our transition to being a company that primarily provides software solutions, the effect of certain legal claims against us, projected changes in our revenues, earnings and expenses, exchange rate sensitivity, interest rate sensitivity, liquidity, product introductions, industry changes, general market conditions, our continued limited number of customers, geographic location of sales and a reduction in workforce and the impact thereof. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements, and any forward-looking statements contained in other public disclosures of the Company which make reference to the cautionary factors contained in this Form 10-K, are based on assumptions that involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on the considerations described below. We discuss many of these risks and uncertainties in greater detail in Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” of this Form 10-K. These and other risks and uncertainties may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with Part II, Item 7., “Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and our financial statements and footnotes contained in this Form 10-K.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


	PART I
		Page
Item 1.	BUSINESS		4
Item 1A.	RISK FACTORS		12
Item 1B.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS		30
Item 2.	PROPERTIES		31
Item 3.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS		31
Item 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES		31

	PART II

Item 5.	MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES		32
Item 6.	SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA		34
Item 7.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS		35
Item 7A.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK		62
Item 8.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA		63
Item 9.	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE		109
Item 9A.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES		109
Item 9B.	OTHER INFORMATION		111

	PART III

Item 10.	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE		111
Item 11.	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION		111
Item 12.	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS		111
Item 13.	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE		112
Item 14.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES		112

	PART IV

Item 15.	EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES		113
Item 16.	FORM 10-K SUMMARY		117
	SIGNATURES		118

PART I

ITEM 1.

BUSINESS

GENERAL

SeaChange International, Inc., a Delaware corporation founded on July 9, 1993, is an industry leader in the delivery of multiscreen video, advertising and premium over the top (“OTT”) video headquartered in Acton, Massachusetts. Our products and services facilitate the aggregation, licensing, management and distribution of video and advertising content for cable television system operators, telecommunications companies, satellite operators and media companies. We sell our software products and services worldwide, primarily to television service providers including: cable television system operators, such as Liberty Global, plc. (“LGI”), Comcast Corporation (“Comcast”), Cox Communications, Inc. and Rogers Communications, Inc.; telecommunications companies, such as Verizon Communications, Inc., AT&T, Inc. and Frontier Communications Corporation; satellite operators such as Direct TV and Dish Network Corporation; and media companies such as Filmbank Media.

Our products and services are designed to enable our customers to reduce capital and operating expenses, reduce subscriber turnover, and increase average revenue per subscriber. Using our products and services, we believe customers can increase revenues by offering services such as video-on-demand (“VOD”) programming on a variety of consumer devices, including televisions (“TVs”), mobile telephones (“smart phones”), personal computers (“PCs”), tablets and OTT streaming players. Our systems enable service providers to offer other interactive television services that allow subscribers to receive personalized services and interact with their video devices, thereby enhancing their viewing experience. Our products also allow our customers to insert advertising into broadcast and VOD content.

SeaChange serves an exciting global marketplace where multiscreen viewing is increasing, consumer device options are evolving rapidly, and viewing habits are shifting. The primary driver of our business is to enable the delivery of video assets in the evolving multiscreen television environment. Through acquisitions and partnerships, we have expanded our capabilities, products and services to address the delivery of content to devices other than television set-top boxes, namely PCs, tablets, smart phones and OTT streaming players. We believe that our strategy of expanding into adjacent product lines will also position us to further support and maintain our existing service provider customer base. Providing our customers with more scalable software platforms enables them to further reduce their infrastructure costs, improve reliability and expand service offerings. Additionally, we believe we are well positioned to capitalize on new customers entering the multiscreen marketplace and increasingly serve adjacent markets, such as mobile and OTT. Our core technologies provide a foundation for products and services that can be deployed in next generation video delivery systems capable of increased levels of subscriber activity across multiple devices.

On May 5, 2016, we acquired a 100% share of DCC Labs in exchange for an aggregate of $2.7 million in newly issued shares of SeaChange common stock and $5.2 million in cash, net of cash acquired, resulting in a total net purchase price of $7.9 million. DCC Labs is a developer of set-top and multiscreen device software. Under the purchase agreement, $0.5 million in cash and all the stock was initially held in escrow as security for the indemnification obligations of the sellers to SeaChange. The stock consideration was determined by dividing the total value of $2.6 million by the volume weighted average closing price of our common stock for the twenty trading days preceding the closing.

The acquisition of DCC Labs enables us to optimize the operations of our In-Home business, which develops home video gateway software including SeaChange’s Nucleus and NitroX products. In addition, the acquisition brings market-ready products, including an optimized television software stack for Europe’s Digital Video Broadcasting community, and an HTML5 framework for building additional user experience client applications across a variety of CPE devices, including Android TV STBs, tablets, mobile and compute devices.

In conjunction with the DCC Labs acquisition, SeaChange commenced a workforce reduction within its In-Home engineering and services organization, which allowed us to achieve approximately $8 million in annualized cost savings. This reduction in workforce resulted in aggregate charges of $1.9 million in severance and other restructuring costs during fiscal 2017.

In addition to the reduction in workforce due to the acquisition of DCC Labs, we implemented additional company-wide cost savings during our third quarter of fiscal 2017, which includes a worldwide reduction in workforce, to help improve operations and optimize our cost structure with the goal of assisting in restoring SeaChange to profitability and positive cash flow. During fiscal 2017, we recognized $3.1 million of restructuring costs related to these cost saving initiatives. We expect to complete our workforce reductions in the first half of fiscal 2018.

LEADERSHIP CHANGES

Effective April 6, 2016, Edward Terino, who previously served as our Chief Operating Officer, was appointed Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of SeaChange, following the termination without cause of Jay Samit as CEO and Director, as previously reported in a Current Report on Form 8-K (“Form 8-K”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on April 7, 2016.

Effective July 6, 2016, Peter Faubert was appointed Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) of SeaChange, following the resignation of Anthony Dias as CFO, as previously reported in a Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 7, 2016.

Effective January 31, 2017, Jonathan Rider, who previously served as our Chief Information Officer, was appointed Chief Operating Officer of SeaChange.

PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

Our business is focused on the following product areas: video platform (including content management), advertising and user experience. Our revenue sources consist of product revenue from these areas, as well as related services.

Video Platform

SeaChange Adrenalin Multiscreen Video Backoffice Platform. Adrenalin is a comprehensive software platform that enables service providers to manage, monetize and deliver a seamless viewing experience to subscribers across TVs, PCs, tablets, smart phones and other IP-enabled devices. Adrenalin is a modular software solution allowing customers to gradually adopt new functionality and features to expand multiscreen television distribution capabilities. We offer our Adrenalin platform under two deployment options; through onsite software licenses and on a cloud-based offering through software-as-a-service (“SaaS”). With an onsite software license model, revenue is derived from perpetual software licenses, maintenance and support fees and professional services. In a SaaS offering, we license our product offerings and customers pay us on a monthly recurring basis based on the total number of subscribers deployed by the customer.

SeaChange AssetFlow Content Management Solution. In today’s multiscreen viewing environment, programming or advertisements are reproduced with numerous variants to serve the unique requirements of multiple network types, consumer devices and geographies. Metadata, such as poster, description and pricing, associated with the programming is also managed by the platform. At the point of content ingest, our AssetFlow software is used to receive, manage and publish video content for viewing on televisions, tablets, PCs and other consumer devices. AssetFlow simplifies the increasingly complex tasks of movie and television program asset tracking, metadata management, and overall content workflow processing.

SeaChange Rave™ Premium OTT Video Platform. Our Rave premium OTT video platform (“Rave”) offering provides a managed-services solution for our customers. Rave enables live, time-shifted, pay-per-view, on-demand video services and storefront creation. Advanced content recommendations, discovery and social media are enabled through SeaChange’s user experience and third-party applications. Rave includes services, tools and integrations for OTT content workflow, media management and analytics. Rave also enables video and interactive cross-device advertising throughout individual streams and user experiences. Advanced content promotion and monetization features include download to purchase and rent, subscription packaging and couponing. Through these features, Rave allows media companies and service providers to fully integrate with the connected consumer lifestyle and create a deeper audience relationship to project their brand and create pertinent, contextual promotions and advertising.

Advertising

SeaChange Infusion Advanced Advertising Platform. As more video content is served to multiple consumer devices, the ability to generate additional revenue by inserting advertising across multiple platforms becomes crucial to service providers seeking to offset content rights costs and reduce subscriber fees for viewing the content. Infusion enables service providers to maximize advertising revenue across multiscreen, broadcast, on-demand and OTT viewing and reach their audiences while viewers watch content across multiple devices.

User Experience

Nucleus. Nucleus ports to third-party set-top boxes, or other customer premises equipment hardware and system on a chip, and acts as a hub for all video distribution to any IP- connected device throughout the home, such as tablets, smart phones and game consoles. SeaChange capitalizes on open software and networking technologies to create Nucleus, a fully customizable foundation for rich multiscreen services running on the chipset and hardware. Nucleus enables the service providers to select the chipset, hardware and set-top box vendor of their choice. Nucleus extends providers’ video services to a wide range of video consumer devices through its support for Digital Living Network Alliance networking protocols. This enables enhancement of the overall offering by providing the framework for the introduction of new applications. Further, Nucleus leverages the industry Reference Design Kit, a technology standard that enables the video service provider community to take advantage of open technologies to more rapidly introduce and support service innovations.

SeaChange NitroX. Introduced in September 2016, NitroX is a new generation of user experience products that empower service providers and content owners to optimize live and on-demand video consumption on multiscreen and OTT services. Its features and functionality allow service providers to fully leverage the extensive content management, delivery and monetization capabilities of Seachange’s platforms. The new generation NitroX products provide a ready-to-deploy multiscreen user experience that is pre-integrated with SeaChange’s widely deployed Adrenalin or third-party multiscreen video platform and Nucleus.

Services

SeaChange offers comprehensive professional services, maintenance and support for all its products. We have developed extensive capabilities in systems integration, implementation and customer engineering. We also offer managed services with advantages, including remote monitoring and proactive system maintenance to help our customers quickly and confidently establish new on-demand and multiscreen capabilities.

STRATEGY

Our goal is to strengthen our position as a leading global provider of multiscreen video delivery solutions by enabling service providers and content owners to increase revenue opportunities by delivering transformative multiscreen video services to their end users. Key elements of our strategy include:

•

We intend to continue providing our current and future customer base with industry-leading solutions through our focus on product innovation and substantial investment in research and development for our latest feature-rich software products and services;

•

We intend to provide pre-packaged integrated solutions with the goal of better enabling new and existing customers to drive the adoption of Rave and SaaS commercial models through service offerings hosted and/or managed by us;

•

We intend to continue pursuing acquisitions and collaborations which we believe will strengthen our industry leadership position, expand our geographic presence, open new markets or allow us to expand to new products or services, or enhance our existing ones;

•

We may enter strategic relationships to help our customers address deficiencies in their market space;

•

We are capable of selling our products to support a single screen and upgrade to support multiple devices as service providers expand their reach. We can also scale to enable platforms as part of the initial sale; and

•

Our customers represent some of the top service providers worldwide and we are well positioned to expand our customer base in new geographies such as Asia Pacific and Latin America as well as market segments such as mobile, satellite, telecommunications and media companies.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Our research and development costs were $30.1 million in fiscal 2017, $33.7 million in fiscal 2016 and $42.2 million in fiscal 2015. We believe that our success will depend on our ability to develop and introduce timely new integrated solutions and enhancements to our existing products that meet changing customer requirements in our current and future customer base as well as new markets. We have made substantial investments in developing and bringing to market our next generation products. Our current research and development activities are focused on developing multiscreen television platforms, content management solutions, additional user experience applications, advertising solutions and integrating the solutions we currently offer. Our direct sales and marketing groups closely monitor changes in customer needs, changes in the marketplace and emerging industry standards to help us focus our research and development efforts to address our customers’ needs, such as increasing average revenue per subscriber, lowering operating and capital costs and reducing customer churn. Our significant research and development efforts are performed in the United States at our Acton, Massachusetts headquarters and worldwide in Manila, Philippines, Warsaw, Poland and Eindhoven, Netherlands.

During fiscal 2017, we continued the focus of our research and development efforts on the next generation software platforms, which are vital to our customers’ success. We achieved this by further increasing our investment in our software products for multiscreen video platforms. As of January 31, 2017, we had a research and development staff of 230 employees.

SELLING AND MARKETING

Our sales cycle tends to be long, in some instances twelve to twenty-four months, and purchase orders are typically more than one million dollars. It is sometimes difficult to predict what quarter or fiscal year our sales will occur. Considering the complexity of our video products, we primarily utilize a direct sales process. We sell and market our products worldwide through a direct sales organization, primarily conducted from our headquarters although we will use sales representatives deployed in different regions where we do not have a direct sales force. Working closely with customers to understand and define their needs enables us to obtain better information regarding market requirements, enhance our expertise in our customers’ industries, and more effectively and precisely convey to customers how our solutions address their specific needs.

We use several marketing programs to focus on our targeted markets to support the sale and distribution of our products. We also market certain of our products to systems integrators and value-added resellers. We attend and exhibit our products at a limited number of prominent industry trade shows and conferences and we present our technology at seminars and smaller conferences to promote their awareness. In fiscal 2017, to increase software

sales in North America and EMEA, we increased our sales efforts in those regions. We also increased our sales efforts in other geographic areas such as Asia Pacific and Latin America. As of January 31, 2017, we had a selling and marketing staff of 43 employees.

MANUFACTURING AND QUALITY CONTROL

Our manufacturing operation consists primarily of component and subassembly procurement, systems integration and final assembly, testing and quality control of the complete systems. As of January 31, 2017 we had a manufacturing staff of 8 employees.

OUR CUSTOMERS

We currently sell our products primarily to video service providers, such as cable system operators and telecommunications companies, as well as content providers. Our customer base is highly concentrated among a limited number of large service provider customers. A significant portion of our revenues in any given fiscal period have been derived from substantial orders placed by these large organizations. For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017, LGI was the only customer that accounted for more than 10% of our total revenues.

We expect that we will continue to be dependent upon a limited number of customers for a significant portion of our revenues in the near future, even as we intend to penetrate new markets and customers. As a result of this customer concentration, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by the failure of anticipated orders to materialize and by deferrals or cancellations of orders because of changes in customer requirements or new product announcements or introductions. In addition, the concentration of customers may cause variations in revenue, expenses and operating results on a quarterly basis due to seasonality of orders, the timing and relative size of orders received and accepted during a fiscal quarter, or the timing and size of orders for which revenue recognition criteria have been satisfied during a fiscal quarter.

We do not believe that our backlog at any time is meaningful as an indicator of our future level of revenue for any period. Because of the requirements of some customers, orders may require final acceptance prior to revenue being recognized, resulting in the related revenues not being recognized in the ensuing quarter. Therefore, there is no direct correlation between the backlog at the end of any quarter and our total revenue for the following quarter or other periods. If our sales growth increases or we experience business model changes, our backlog may become a meaningful indicator of revenue in the future.

COMPETITION

The markets in which we compete are characterized by intense competition, with many suppliers providing different types of products to different segments of the markets. In new markets for our products, we compete principally based on price. In markets in which we have an established presence, we compete principally based on the breadth of our products’ features and benefits, including the flexibility, scalability, professional quality, ease of use, reliability and cost effectiveness of our products, and our reputation and the depth of our expertise, customer service and support. While we believe that we currently compete favorably overall with respect to these factors and that our ability to provide integrated solutions to manage and distribute digital video differentiates us from our competitors, in the future we may not be able to continue to compete successfully with respect to these factors.

In the market for multiscreen video, we compete with various larger companies offering video platforms and applications such as Cisco Systems, Inc., Arris Group Inc., TiVo Corporation and Ericsson Inc. as well as in-house solutions built by the service provider. Increasingly, we are also seeing competition from integrated end-to-end solutions such as Comcast’s X-1 platform and many OTT players. We expect the competition in each of the markets in which we operate to intensify in the future with existing and new competitors with significant market presence and financial resources.

Many of our current and prospective competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, manufacturing, sales, marketing and other resources. As a result, these competitors may be able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion, sale and support of their products. Moreover, these companies may introduce additional products that are competitive with ours or enter strategic relationships to offer complete solutions. In the future, our products may not be able to compete effectively with these products.

PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

Our success and our ability to compete are dependent, in part, upon our proprietary rights. We have been granted 24 patents worldwide and have several patents pending for various technologies developed and used in our products. In addition, we rely on a combination of contractual rights, trademark laws, trade secrets and copyright laws to establish and protect our proprietary rights in our products. It is possible that in the future not all these patent applications will be issued or that, if issued, the validity of these patents would not be upheld. It is also possible that the steps taken by us to protect our intellectual property will be inadequate to prevent misappropriation of our technology or that our competitors will independently develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our technology. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries in which our products are or may be distributed do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Currently, we are not party to intellectual property litigation, but we may be a party to litigation in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights or because of an allegation that we infringe others’ intellectual property.

EMPLOYEES

The table below represents the number of full-time employees that we employ in different geographic areas across the world for the periods shown. We also use part-time and many other temporary employees in the ordinary course of our business. We believe that our relations with our employees are good. None of our employees are represented by a collective bargaining agreement. Employees in certain foreign jurisdictions are represented by local workers’ council as may be customary or required in those jurisdictions.


	January 31,
Country	2017		2016		2015
United States		199		307		302
Philippines		132		171		161
Netherlands		83		116		137
Other international		82		66		103

Total employees by country		496		660		703

During fiscal 2017, we implemented costs-savings actions related to the TLL, LLC (“Timeline Labs”) business and the DCC Labs acquisition. We implemented an additional company-wide cost savings beginning in the third quarter of fiscal 2017, which includes a worldwide reduction in workforce, to help improve operations and optimize our cost structure with the goal of assisting in restoring SeaChange to profitability and positive cash flow. In total, these actions affected over 170 employees in fiscal 2017 and reductions in workforce relating to the latest cost-savings efforts are expected to be completed in the first half of fiscal 2018.

ACQUISITIONS AND LOSS ON IMPAIRMENT OF TLL, LLC

DCC Labs

indemnification obligations of the sellers to SeaChange. The stock consideration was determined by dividing the total value of $2.6 million by the volume weighted average closing price of our common stock for the twenty trading days preceding the closing.

The acquisition of DCC Labs enables us to optimize the operations of our In-Home business, which develops home video gateway software including SeaChange’s Nucleus and NitroX products. In addition, the acquisition brings market-ready products, including an optimized television software stack for Europe’s Digital Video Broadcasting community and an HTML5 framework for building additional user experience client applications across a variety of CPE devices, including Android TV STBs, tablets, mobile and compute devices.

We accounted for the acquisition of DCC Labs as a business combination, which requires us to record the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value. The amount by which the purchase price exceeds the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. We engaged an independent appraiser to assist management in assessing the fair values of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the amount of goodwill to be recognized as of the acquisition date. Assets acquired in the acquisition include receivables, prepaid expenses and property and equipment, while liabilities assumed include accounts payable, other accrued expenses, deferred taxes and income taxes payable. The amounts recorded for these assets and liabilities are final based on information obtained about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date.

TLL, LLC

On February 2, 2015, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), dated as of December 22, 2014, we acquired 100% of the member interests in Timeline Labs, a privately-owned California-based software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) company.

We accounted for the acquisition of Timeline Labs as a business combination and the financial results of Timeline Labs have been included in our consolidated financial statements as of the date of acquisition. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase price was allocated to the acquired net tangible and intangible assets based upon their fair values as of February 2, 2015.

Loss on Impairment of TLL, LLC

In January 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a restructuring plan to wind down the Timeline Labs operations, as previously reported in a Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 17, 2016. Based on the decision to enter into the restructuring plan and the plan’s impact on the projected future cash flows of the Timeline Labs operations, we determined that the carrying amount of all long-term assets that resulted from the February 2015 acquisition had exceeded their fair value as of January 31, 2016. As a result, these long-term assets were deemed fully impaired and we recorded the $21.9 million net book value of these long-term assets as a component of loss on impairment of long-lived assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2016. Additionally, we reduced the contingent consideration liability associated with the Timeline Labs acquisition to zero, as we determined that the defined performance criteria would not be achieved, and credited the reversal of the liability of $0.4 million to loss on impairment of long-lived assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2016. See Part II. Item 8, Note 4, “Acquisitions and Loss on Impairment of TLL, LLC,” to this Form 10-K for more information.

In addition, we incurred $0.7 million in severance and other restructuring charges during fiscal 2017 related to cost-saving actions taken with respect to the Timeline Labs business.

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The following is a list of our executive officers, their ages as of April 10, 2017 and their positions held with us:


Name	Age		Title
Edward Terino		63	Chief Executive Officer and Director

Jonathan Rider		52	Chief Operating Officer, Senior Vice President

Peter R. Faubert		46	Chief Financial Officer, Senior Vice President, Finance and Administration and Treasurer

David McEvoy		59	Senior Vice President and General Counsel and Secretary

Mr. Terino became SeaChange’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) effective April 6, 2016 having previously served as Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) since June 2015. He has served on the Company’s board of directors since 2010. Mr. Terino’s professional experience spans 30 years in senior management and operational roles for public companies including service as Senior Vice President (“SVP”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) of Art Technology Group, Inc. from September 2001 to June 2005, CEO and CFO of Arlington Tankers Ltd. from July 2005 to December 2008, and Vice President (“VP”) of Finance and Operations at Houghton Mifflin Harcourt from 1985 to 1996. He has served on the board of directors for software and technology companies including Extreme Networks, Inc. from October 2012 to November 2013, S1 Corporation from April 2007 to February 2012, Phoenix Technologies Ltd. from November 2009 to November 2010, and EBT International, Inc. from October 1999 to March 2006. He also served on the board of directors of Baltic Shipping Ltd. from March 2010 to July 2015.

Mr. Rider joined the Company on April 19, 2016 as Chief Information Officer (“CIO”). He became COO and Senior Vice President on January 31, 2017. He brings over 30 years of senior management experience in the high technology sector. Prior to joining SeaChange, Mr. Rider was CIO of Dynatrace from August 2014 to February 2016; Senior Vice President, Technology and Engineering of Arcadia Solutions from September 2013 to August 2014; and Principal and CIO of JetStream Consulting LLC from June 2006 to January 2014. Mr. Rider held various senior positions with PTC, Gilbane Building Company, Monster Worldwide, Netscout Systems and Helidesigns. Mr. Rider served as a U.S. Army Officer and helicopter instructor. He has a bachelor of science degree in aeronautics, engineering/aviation and a master’s degree in e-business from the University of Phoenix.

Mr. Faubert joined the Company on July 7, 2016 as CFO, SVP, Finance and Administration, and Treasurer. He brings over 15 years of extensive finance leadership for public and private software companies that focused on video service providers, mobility and enterprise computing. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Faubert served as CFO of This Technology, Inc. since December 2013. Prior to that, Mr. Faubert served as CFO and Treasurer of Vision Government Solutions, Inc. from October 2012 to December 2013. He has also served as CFO of JNJ Mobile (MocoSpace) from February 2009 to July 2012 and CFO and Treasurer at Turbine, Inc. from August 2005 to January 2009. Prior to that Mr. Faubert held various senior finance positions with Viisage Technology Inc., Burntsand Inc. and Ariba Inc. Mr. Faubert is also a Certified Public Accountant.

Mr. McEvoy joined the Company on July 1, 2012 as VP and General Counsel. He became SVP and General Counsel on February 1, 2013. Prior to joining SeaChange, Mr. McEvoy was the SVP and General Counsel of Peoplefluent Inc. Mr. McEvoy was the SVP and General Counsel of Art Technology Group, Inc. (“ATG”) from September 2005 to March 2010. ATG was acquired by Oracle on January 5, 2011. Prior to joining ATG, Mr. McEvoy was the Group General Counsel of Gores Technology Group, a private equity firm. Mr. McEvoy has held various General Counsel and other executive level legal positions with several companies including Aprisma Inc., Anker Systems Ltd., VeriFone Inc., Mattel Interactive, Broderbund and The Learning Company.

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Geographic information is included in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Results of Operations” and in Note 11, “Segment Information, Significant Customers and Geographic Information,” to the consolidated financial statements located in Part II, Item 8, of this Form 10-K.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

SeaChange is subject to the informational requirements pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). SeaChange files periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Such reports, proxy statements and other information may be obtained by visiting the Public Reference Room of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549 or by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an internet site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically.

Financial and other information about SeaChange, including our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct and charters for our Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, is available on the Investor Relations section of our website at www.schange.com. We make available free of charge on our website our Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”), Current Reports on Form 8-K (“Form 8-K”) and amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The information contained on our web site is not incorporated by reference into this document and should not be considered a part of this Form 10-K. Our website address is included in this document as an inactive textual reference only.

ITEM 1A.

RISK FACTORS

We wish to caution each reader of this Form 10-K to consider the following factors and other factors discussed herein and in other past reports, including but not limited to prior year Form 10-K and Form 10-Q reports filed with the SEC. Our business and results of operations could be materially affected by any of the following risks. The factors discussed herein are not exhaustive. Therefore, the factors contained herein should be read together with other reports that we file with the SEC from time to time, which may supplement, modify, supersede, or update the factors listed in this document.

Our business is dependent on customers’ continued spending on video solutions and services. A reduction in spending by customers would adversely affect our business.

Our performance is dependent on customers’ continued spending for video solutions and services. Spending for these systems and services is cyclical and can be curtailed or deferred on short notice. A variety of factors affect the amount of spending, and, therefore, our sales and profits, including:

•

general economic conditions;

•

customer specific financial or stock market conditions;

•

availability and cost of capital;

•

governmental regulation;

•

demand for services;

•

competition from other providers of video solutions and services;

•

acceptance by our customers; and

•

real or perceived trends or uncertainties in these factors.

Any reduction in spending by our customers would adversely affect our business. We continue to have limited visibility into the capital spending plans of our current and prospective customers. Fluctuations in our revenue can lead to even greater fluctuations in our operating results. Our planned expense levels depend in part on our expectations of future revenue. Our planned expenses include significant investments, particularly within our research and development organization, which we believe are necessary to continue to provide innovative solutions to meet our current and prospective customers’ needs. As a result, it is difficult to forecast revenue and operating results. If our revenue and operating results are below the expectations of our investors and market analysts, it could cause a decline in the price of our common stock.

Our future success is dependent on the continued development of the multiscreen video and OTT market and if these markets do not continue to develop, our business may not continue to grow.

A large portion of our anticipated revenue growth is expected to come from sales and services related to our multiscreen video and OTT products. However, these markets continue to develop as a commercial market, both within and outside North America. The potential size of these markets and the timing of their development are uncertain. The success of these markets require that video service providers continue to upgrade their cable networks to service and successfully market multiscreen video, OTT and similar services to their cable television subscribers. Some cable system operators, particularly outside of North America, are still in the early stages of commercial deployment of multiscreen video and OTT services to major residential cable markets. If cable system operators and telecommunications companies fail to make the capital expenditures necessary to upgrade their networks or determine that broad deployment of multiscreen video and OTT services is not viable as a business proposition or if our products cannot support a substantial number of subscribers while maintaining a high level of performance, our revenues will not grow as we have planned.

Our efforts to introduce SaaS-based multiscreen service offerings may either not succeed or impair our sale of on-site licensed offerings. The occurrence of either of which may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

We have been, and will continue to, devote considerable resources and allocate capital expenditures to growing our SaaS service offering revenue over the next several years. There can be no assurance that we will meet our revenue targets for this service and if we fail to achieve our revenue goals, our growth and operating results will be materially adversely affected. Additionally, new or existing customers may choose to purchase our SaaS services rather than our on-premise solutions. If our customers’ purchases trend away from perpetual licenses toward our SaaS, or to the extent customers defer orders due to evaluation SaaS, our product revenues, and our timing of revenue generally, may be adversely affected, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

If we are unable to successfully introduce new products or enhancements to existing products on a timely basis, our financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected by a decrease in sales of our products.

Because our business plan is based on technological development of new products and enhancements to our existing products, our future success is dependent on our successful introduction of these new products and enhancements on a timely basis. In the future, we may experience difficulties that could delay or prevent the successful development, introduction and marketing of these and other new products and enhancements, or find that our new products and enhancements do not adequately meet the requirements of the marketplace or achieve market acceptance. Announcements of currently planned or other new product offerings may cause customers to defer purchasing our existing products. Moreover, despite testing by us and by current and potential customers, errors or failures may be found in our products, and, even if discovered, may not be successfully corrected in a timely manner. These errors or failures could cause delays in product introductions and acceptance, or require design modifications that could adversely affect our competitive position. Our inability to complete the

development of new products or enhancements on a timely basis or the failure of these new products or enhancements to achieve market acceptance could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations in future periods.

We may be unsuccessful in our efforts to become a company that primarily provides software solutions.

Our efforts to become a company that primarily provides software solutions may result in a reduction in both the range of products and services we offer and in the range of our current and potential future customers. Each of these factors may increase the level of execution risk in our strategy, in that there may be increased variability in our revenues. If we are unsuccessful in this transition, our business, financial condition and results of operation may be adversely affected, and the market price of our common stock may decrease.

Our business is impacted by worldwide economic cycles, which are difficult to predict.

The global economy and financial markets experienced a severe downturn in recent years. The downturn stemmed from a multitude of factors, including, among other things, extreme volatility in security prices, diminished credit availability, concerns about inflation and deflation, rapid changes in foreign exchange rates, increased energy costs, decreased consumer confidence, rating downgrades of certain investments and declining valuations of others. These economic developments, the rate of recovery and the change in business spending resulting from these developments affect businesses such as ours and those of our customers and vendors in a number of ways that could result in unfavorable consequences to us. The continuation of the change in business spending from these events or further disruption and deterioration in economic conditions may reduce customer purchases of our products and services, thereby reducing our revenues and earnings. In addition, these events may, among other things, result in increased price competition for our products and services, increased risk in the collectability of our accounts receivable from our customers and higher operating costs as a percentage of revenues. We have taken actions to address the effects of the change in business spending and future economic cycles, including implementing cost control and cost reduction measures. It is possible that we may need to take further actions to control our cost structure and implement further cost reduction measures. We cannot predict whether these measures will be sufficient to offset certain of the negative trends that might affect our business.

We have taken and continue to take measures to address the variability in the market for our products and services, which could have long-term negative effects on our business or impact our ability to adequately address a rapid increase in customer demand.

We have taken and continue to take measures to address the variability in the market for our products and services, to increase average revenue per unit of our sales and to reduce our operating expenses, rationalize capital expenditure and minimize customer turnover. These measures include shifting more of our operations to lower cost regions by outsourcing and off-shoring, implementing cost reduction programs and reducing and rationalizing planned capital expenditures and expense budgets. We cannot ensure that the measures we have taken will not impair our ability to effectively develop and market products and services, to remain competitive in the industries in which we compete, to operate effectively, to operate profitably during slowdowns or to effectively meet a rapid increase in customer demand. These measures may have long-term negative effects on our business by reducing our pool of technical talent, decreasing or slowing improvements in our products and services, making it more difficult to hire and retain talented individuals and to quickly respond to customers or competitors in an upward cycle.

Because our customer base is highly concentrated among a limited number of large customers, the loss of or reduced demand by, the return of product by one or more of these customers or the failure of revenue acceptance criteria to have been satisfied in a given fiscal quarter, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our customer base is highly concentrated among a limited number of large customers, and, therefore, a limited number of customers account for a significant percentage of our revenues in any fiscal period. We generally do

not have written agreements that require customers to purchase fixed minimum quantities of our products. Our sales to specific customers tend to vary significantly from year to year and from quarter to quarter depending upon these customers’ budgets for capital expenditures and our new product introductions. We believe that a significant amount of our revenues will continue to be derived from a limited number of large customers in the future. The loss of, reduced demand for products or related services by, return of a product previously purchased by any of our major customers or the failure of revenue acceptance criteria to have been satisfied in a given fiscal quarter, could materially and adversely affect, either in a particular quarter or on a more long-term basis, our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Consolidations in the television service provider industry could result in delays or reductions in purchases of products, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.

The television service provider industry has historically experienced, and continues to experience, the consolidation of many industry participants. For example, AT&T acquired Direct TV, Charter Communications acquired Time Warner Cable, Altice NV acquired HOT, Suddenlink Communications and Cablevision Systems Corp., and Verizon Communications Inc. announced that it is selling assets to Frontier Communications Corporation. When consolidations occur, it is possible that the acquirer will not continue using the same suppliers, possibly resulting in an immediate or future elimination of sales opportunities for us or our competitors. Even if sales are not reduced, consolidation can also result in pressure from customers for lower prices or better terms, reflecting the increase in the total volume of products purchased or the elimination of a price differential between the acquiring customer and the company acquired. Consolidations also could result in delays in purchasing decisions by the affected companies prior to completion of the transaction and by the merged businesses. The purchasing decisions of the merged companies could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Cancellation or deferral of purchases of our products or final customer acceptance, or the return of previously purchased products could cause a substantial variation in our operating results, resulting in a decrease in the market price of our common stock and making period-to-period comparisons of our operating results less meaningful.

We derive a substantial portion of our revenues from purchase orders that exceed one million dollars in value. Therefore, any significant cancellation or deferral of purchases of our products or receiving final customer acceptance could result in a substantial variation in our operating results in any particular quarter due to the resulting decrease in revenue and gross margin. In addition, to the extent significant sales occur earlier than expected, operating results for subsequent quarters may be adversely affected because our operating costs and expenses are based, in part, on our expectations of future revenues, and we may be unable to adjust spending in a timely manner to compensate for any revenue shortfall. Because of these factors, in some future quarter our operating results may be below guidance that we may issue or the expectations of public market analysts and investors, any of which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In addition, these factors may make period-to-period comparisons of our operating results less meaningful.

Due to the lengthy sales cycle involved in the sale of our products, our quarterly results may vary and should not be relied on as an indication of future performance.

Our software products and related services are relatively complex and their purchase generally involves a significant commitment of capital, with attendant delays frequently associated with large capital expenditures and implementation procedures within an organization. Moreover, the purchase of these products typically requires coordination and agreement among a potential customer’s corporate headquarters and its regional and local operations. For these and other reasons, the sales cycle associated with the purchase of our software products and services is typically lengthy and subject to a number of significant risks, including customers’ budgetary constraints and internal acceptance reviews, over which we have little or no control. Based upon all of the foregoing, we believe that our quarterly revenues and operating results are likely to vary significantly in the

future, that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations are not necessarily meaningful and that these comparisons should not be relied upon as indications of future performance.

If there were a decline in demand or average selling prices for our products and services, our revenues and operating results would be materially affected.

A decline in demand or average selling prices for our products or services in the foreseeable future, whether as a result of new product introductions by others, price competition, technological change, inability to enhance the products in a timely fashion, or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Increasingly, we are seeing competition from integrated end-to-end solutions such as Comcast’s X-1 platform and a large number of OTT players, each of which may reduce the demand for or average selling prices of our products and services and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We must manage product transitions successfully to remain competitive.

The introduction of a new product or product line is a complex task, involving significant expenditures in research and development, training, promotion and sales channel development. However, we cannot assure that we will be able to execute product transitions in an efficient manner or that product transitions will be executed without harming our operating results. Failure to develop products with required features and performance levels or any delay in bringing a new product to market could significantly reduce our revenues and harm our competitive position.

We may fail to achieve our financial forecasts due to inaccurate sales forecasts or other factors.

Our revenues are difficult to forecast, and as a result, our quarterly operating results can fluctuate substantially. We use a “pipeline” system, a common industry practice, to forecast sales and trends in our business. Our sales personnel monitor the status of all proposals and estimate when a customer will make a purchase decision and the dollar amount of the sale. These estimates are aggregated periodically to generate a sales pipeline. Our pipeline estimates can prove to be unreliable both in a particular quarter and over a longer period of time, in part because the “conversion rate” or “closure rate” of the pipeline into contracts can be very difficult to estimate. A reduction in the conversion rate, or in the pipeline itself, could cause us to plan or budget incorrectly and adversely affect our business or results of operations. In particular, a slowdown in capital spending or economic conditions generally can unexpectedly reduce the conversion rate in particular periods as purchasing decisions are delayed, reduced in amounts or cancelled. The conversion rate can also be affected by the tendency of some of our customers to wait until the end of a fiscal period in the hope of obtaining more favorable terms, which can also impede our ability to negotiate, execute and deliver upon these contracts in a timely manner.

Because a significant portion of our cost structure is largely fixed in the short-term, revenue shortfalls tend to have a disproportionately negative impact on our profitability. The number of large new software licenses transactions increases the risk of fluctuations in our quarterly results because a delay in even a small number of these transactions could cause our quarterly revenues and profitability to fall significantly short of our predictions.

We have incurred net losses and may experience a significant reduction in our cash position.

We incurred a net loss in fiscal 2017. We may incur additional net losses in future quarters and years. If we are unable to execute our strategy for expanding our business and growing our revenues, we may not generate sufficient revenues to reduce our losses or to regain profitability. These losses have contributed to the reduction in our cash position. While we have undertaken significant actions to control our cash expenditures, it is possible that these actions may not be sufficient to bring us to a cash neutral or cash accretive position, the failure of which to achieve may adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Restructuring programs could have a material negative impact on our business.

To increase strategic focus and operational efficiency we have implemented restructuring programs. In fiscal 2017, we undertook significant cost-saving actions related to TLL and in the second half of fiscal 2017 with a worldwide reduction in workforce. We may incur additional restructuring costs or not realize the expected benefits of these new initiatives. Further, we could experience delays, business disruptions, decreased productivity, unanticipated employee turnover and increased litigation-related costs in connection with past and future restructuring and other efficiency improvement activities, and there can be no assurance that our estimates of the savings achievable by restructuring will be realized. As a result, our restructuring and our related cost reduction activities could have an adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

If we are unable to manage our efforts to focus our business and grow in targeted areas, our business may be harmed through a diminished ability to monitor and control effectively our operations, and a decrease in the quality of work and innovation of our employees.

Our ability to successfully focus our business and grow in targeted areas requires effective planning and management. We are also continuing to transition towards greater reliance on our software products and services for a significant portion of our total revenue. In light of the growing complexities in managing our expanding portfolio of products and services, our anticipated future operations may continue to strain our operational and administrative resources. To manage future growth effectively, we must continue to improve our operational controls and internal controls over financial reporting, integrate new personnel and the businesses we have acquired, or will acquire, and manage our expanding international operations. A failure to manage our growth may harm our business through a decreased ability to monitor and control effectively our operations, and a decrease in the quality of work and innovation of our employees upon which our business is dependent.

Because our business is susceptible to risks associated with international operations, we may not be able to maintain or increase international sales of our products and services.

Approximately 64% of our total revenue is generated from sales outside the United States. Our international operations are expected to continue to account for a significant portion of our business in the foreseeable future. However, in the future we may be unable to maintain or increase international sales of our products and services. Our international operations are subject to a variety of risks, including:

•

difficulties in establishing and managing international distribution channels;

•

difficulty in staffing and managing foreign operations;

•

inability to collect accounts receivable;

•

difficulties in selling, servicing and supporting overseas products and services and in translating products and services into foreign languages;

•

the uncertainty of laws and enforcement in certain countries relating to the protection of intellectual property;

•

fluctuations in currency exchange rates;

•

multiple and possibly overlapping tax structures;

•

negative tax consequences such as withholding taxes and employer payroll taxes;

•

differences in labor laws and regulations affecting our ability to hire and retain employees;

•

business and operational disruptions or delays caused by political, social and economic instability and unrest, including risks related to terrorist activity;

•

changes in economic policies by foreign governments, including the imposition and potential continued expansion of economic sanctions by the United States and the European Union on the Russian Federation;

•

the burden of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws, treaties and technical standards;

•

cultural differences in the conduct of business;

•

natural disasters and pandemics; and

•

growth and stability of the economy or political changes in international markets.

The effect of one or more of these international risks could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flow.

We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), and our failure to comply could result in penalties which could harm our reputation, business, and financial condition.

We are subject to the FCPA, which generally prohibits companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to foreign officials to obtain or keep business. The FCPA also requires companies to maintain adequate record-keeping and internal accounting practices to accurately reflect the transactions of the Company. Under the FCPA, U.S. companies may be held liable for actions taken by their strategic or local partners or representatives. The FCPA and similar laws in other countries can impose civil and criminal penalties for violations.

If we do not properly implement practices and controls with respect to compliance with the FCPA and similar laws, or if we fail to enforce those practices and controls properly, we may be subject to regulatory sanctions, including administrative costs related to governmental and internal investigations, civil and criminal penalties, injunctions and restrictions on our business activities, all of which could harm our reputation, business and financial condition.

We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates that could negatively impact our financial results and cash flows.

Because a significant portion of our business is conducted outside the United States, we face exposure to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. These exposures may change over time as business practices evolve, and they could have a material adverse impact on our financial results and cash flows. An increase in the value of the U.S. dollar could increase the real cost to our customers of our products in those markets outside the United States where we often sell in dollars, and a weakened dollar could increase local currency operating costs. In preparing our consolidated financial statements, certain financial information is required to be translated from foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar using either the spot rate or the weighted-average exchange rate. If the U.S. dollar weakens or strengthens relative to applicable local currencies, there is a risk our reported sales, operating expenses, and net income could significantly fluctuate. We are not able to predict the degree of exchange rate fluctuations; nor can we estimate the effect any future fluctuations may have upon our future operations.

Our ability to compete could be jeopardized if we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights from third-party challenges.

Our success and ability to compete depends upon our ability to protect our proprietary technology that is incorporated into our products. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. Although we have issued patents, we cannot assure that any additional patents will be issued or that the issued patents will not be invalidated. We also enter confidentiality or license agreements with our employees, consultants and corporate partners, and control access to and distribution of our software, documentation and other proprietary information. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for a third-party to copy or otherwise misappropriate and use our products or technology without authorization, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States. We may need to resort to litigation in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. If competitors are able to use our technology, our ability to compete effectively could be harmed.

We have been and in the future, could become subject to litigation regarding intellectual property rights, which could seriously harm our business and require us to incur significant legal costs to defend our intellectual property rights.

The industry in which we operate is characterized by vigorous protection and pursuit of intellectual property rights or positions, which on occasion, have resulted in significant and often protracted litigation. We have from time to time received, and may in the future receive, communications from third-parties asserting infringements on patent or other intellectual property rights covering our products or processes. We may be a party to litigation in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights or because of an allegation that we infringe others’ intellectual property. Any parties asserting that our products infringe upon their proprietary rights would force us to defend ourselves and possibly our customers or manufacturers against the alleged infringement, as many of our commercial agreements require us to defend and/or indemnify the other party against intellectual property infringement claims brought by a third-party with respect to our products. We have received certain claims for indemnification from customers but have not been made party to any litigation involving intellectual property infringement claims as a result. These claims and any resulting lawsuit, if successful, could subject us to significant liability for damages and invalidation of our proprietary rights. This possibility of multiple damages serves to increase the incentive for plaintiffs to bring such litigation. In addition, these lawsuits, regardless of their success, would likely be time-consuming and expensive to resolve and would divert management time and attention away from our operations. Although we carry general liability insurance, our insurance may not cover potential claims of this type or may not be adequate to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed. In addition, any potential intellectual property litigation also could force us to stop selling, incorporating or using the products that use the infringed intellectual property or obtain from the owner of the infringed intellectual property right a license to sell or use the relevant technology, although this license may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all, or redesign those products that use the infringed intellectual property. If we are forced to take any of the foregoing actions, our business may be seriously harmed.

If content providers limit the scope of content licensed for use in the digital VOD and OTT market, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected because the potential market for our products would be more limited than we currently believe and have communicated to the financial markets.

The success of the multiscreen video backoffice market is contingent on content providers permitting their content to be licensed for use in this market. Content providers may, due to concerns regarding either or both marketing and illegal duplication of the content, limit the extent to which they provide content to their subscribers. A limitation of content for the VOD and OTT market would indirectly limit the market for our products which are used in connection with that market.

If we are not able to obtain necessary licenses, services or distribution rights for third-party technology at acceptable prices, or at all, our products could become obsolete or we may not be able to deliver certain product offerings.

We have incorporated third-party licensed technology into our current products and our product lines. From time to time, we may be required to license additional technology or obtain services from third-parties to develop new products or product enhancements or to provide specific solutions. Third-party providers may not be available or continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms. The inability to maintain or re-license any third-party products required in our current products or to obtain any new third-party licenses and services necessary to develop new products and product enhancements or provide specific solutions could require us to obtain substitute technology of lower quality or performance standards or at greater cost. Such inabilities could delay or prevent us from making these products or services, which could seriously harm the competitiveness of our solutions.

We may also incorporate open source software into our products. Although we monitor our use of open source closely, the terms of many open source licenses have not been interpreted by U.S. courts, and there is a risk that

such licenses could be construed in a manner that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our products. We could also be subject to similar conditions or restrictions should there be any changes in the licensing terms of the open source software incorporated into our products. In either event, we could be required to seek licenses from third-parties to continue offering our products, to re-engineer our products or to discontinue the sale of our products in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely or successful basis, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

If we are unable to successfully compete in our marketplace, our financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected.

We currently compete against companies offering video software solutions and have increasingly seen competition from integrated end-to-end solutions such as Comcast’s X-1 platform and a large number of OTT players. To the extent the products developed are competitive with and not complementary to our products, they may be more cost effective than our solutions, which could result in cable television system operators and telecommunications companies discontinuing their purchases of our on-demand products. Due to the rapidly evolving markets in which we compete, additional competitors with significant market presence and financial resources, such as in-house solutions and online video platforms, may enter those markets, thereby further intensifying competition. Increased competition could result in price reductions, cancellations of purchase orders, losses of business with current customers to competitors, and loss of market share which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Many of our current and potential competitors have greater financial, selling and marketing, technical and other resources than we do. They may be in better position to withstand any significant reduction in capital spending by customers in our markets and may not be as susceptible to downturns in a particular market. Moreover, our competitors may also foresee the course of market developments more accurately than we do. Although we believe that we have certain technological and other advantages over our competitors, realizing and maintaining these advantages will require a continued high level of investment by us in research and product development, marketing and customer service and support. In the future, we may not have sufficient resources to continue to make these investments or to make the technological advances necessary to compete successfully with our existing competitors or with new competitors. If we are unable to compete effectively, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results would be materially adversely affected because of the difference in our operating results from the assumptions on which our business model is based.

If we fail to respond to rapidly changing technologies related to multiscreen video, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially adversely affected because the competitive advantage of our products and services relative to those of our competitors would decrease.

The markets for our products are characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and frequent new product introductions and enhancements. Future technological advances in the television and video industries may result in the availability of new products or services that could compete with the solutions provided by us or reduce the cost of existing products or services, any of which could enable our existing or potential customers to fulfill their video needs better and more cost efficiently than with our products. Our future success will depend on our ability to enhance our existing video products, including the development of new applications for our technology, and to develop and introduce new products to meet and adapt to changing customer requirements and emerging technologies such as the OTT market. In the future, we may not be successful in enhancing our video products or developing and marketing new products which satisfy customer needs or achieve market acceptance. In addition, there may be services, products or technologies developed by others that render our products or technologies uncompetitive, unmarketable or obsolete, or announcements of currently planned or other new product offerings either by us or our competitors that cause customers to defer or fail to purchase our existing solutions.

We may not fully realize the benefits of our completed acquisitions or it may take longer than we anticipate for us to achieve those benefits. Future acquisitions may be difficult to integrate, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value or divert management attention.

As part of our business strategy, we have acquired and may in the future seek to acquire or invest in new businesses, products or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our business, augment our market coverage, enhance our technical capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities. Acquisitions could create risks for us, including:

•

difficulties in assimilation of acquired personnel, operations, technologies or products which may affect our ability to develop new products and services and compete in our rapidly changing marketplace due to a resulting decrease in the quality of work and innovation of our employees upon which our business is dependent;

•

delays in realizing, or failure to realize, the anticipated benefits of an acquisition. Even if we can integrate these businesses and operations successfully, it may not result in the realization of the full benefits we expect to achieve, within the anticipated timeframe, or at all. If a company we purchase does not perform as we expected, our investment could become impaired or we could discontinue the operations and our financial results could be negatively impacted, such as the Timeline Labs acquisition on February 2, 2015, for which we subsequently impaired substantially all acquired assets and certain liabilities as of January 2016;

•

adverse effects on the business relationships with pre-existing suppliers and customers of both companies. This may be of importance to our business because we sell our products to a limited number of large customers, we purchase certain components used in manufacturing our products from sole suppliers and we use a limited number of third-party manufacturers to manufacture our product; and

•

uncertainty among current and prospective employees regarding their future roles with our company, which might adversely affect our ability to retain, recruit and motivate key personnel.

Acquisitions or divestitures may adversely affect our financial condition.

We could acquire additional products, technologies or businesses, or enter joint venture arrangements, to complement or expand our business. Negotiation of potential acquisitions, divestitures or joint ventures and our integration or transfer of acquired or divested products, technologies or businesses, could divert management’s time and resources.

As part of our strategy for growth, we may continue to explore acquisitions, divestitures, or strategic alliances, which may not be completed or may not be ultimately beneficial to us.

Acquisitions or divestitures may pose risks to our operations, including:

•

problems and increased costs in connection with the integration or divestiture of the personnel, operations, technologies, or products of the acquired or divested businesses;

•

unanticipated costs;

•

potential disruption of our business and the diversion of management’s attention from our core business during the acquisition process;

•

inability to make planned divestitures of businesses on favorable terms in a timely manner or at all;

•

acquired assets becoming impaired because of technical advancements or worse-than-expected performance by the acquired company, which was the basis for the impairment charge of $21.5 million taken in January 2016 related to the assets acquired in the February 2015 Timeline Labs acquisition; and

•

entering markets in which we have no, or limited, prior experience.

Additionally, in connection with any acquisitions or investments we could:

•

issue stock that would dilute our existing stockholders’ ownership percentages;

•

incur debt and assume liabilities;

•

record contingent liabilities estimated for potential earnouts based on achieving financial targets;

•

obtain financing on unfavorable terms;

•

incur amortization expenses related to acquired intangible assets or incur large and immediate write-offs;

•

incur large expenditures related to office closures of the acquired companies, including costs relating to the termination of employees and facility and leasehold improvement charges resulting from our having to vacate the acquired companies’ premises; and

•

reduce the cash that would otherwise be available to fund operations or for other purposes.

We face the risk that capital needed for our business will not be available when we need it or that it would result in substantial dilution to our stockholders.

To the extent that our existing cash and cash equivalents are insufficient to fund our future activities, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private equity or debt financings. If unfavorable capital market conditions exist and we were to seek additional funding, we may not be able to raise sufficient capital on favorable terms and on a timely basis, if at all. Failure to obtain capital when required by our business circumstances would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our stockholders may incur substantial dilution from any financing that we undertake given our current stock price.

We may not have access in the future to sufficient funding to finance desired growth and operations.

If we cannot secure future funds or financing on acceptable terms, we may be unable to support our future operations or growth strategy. We use cash for acquisitions and other investments, both of which are elements of our growth strategy, and the timing and size of our acquisition or investment efforts cannot be readily predicted. If we continue to experience deficits in our cash flows from operating activities or we are unable to obtain new financing, then there could be limitations on the availability of funds resulting in limitations in our financial flexibility, thereby inhibiting our future operations or growth strategy and may result in our need to seek capital through additional debt financing arrangements, debt offerings, or equity offerings, which either may not be available to us or may not be available to us on favorable terms, including resulting in significant dilution of our stockholders.

The performance of the companies in which we have made and may in the future make equity investments could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We have made non-controlling equity investments in complementary companies and we may in the future make additional investments. These investments may require additional capital and may not generate the expected rate of return that we believed possible at the time of making the investment. This may adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. Also, investments in development-stage companies may generate other than temporary declines in fair value of our investment that would result in impairment charges.

If our indefinite-lived or other intangible assets become impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings.

Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), we review our intangible assets, including goodwill, for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value

may not be recoverable. Indefinite-lived assets are required to be tested for impairment at least annually. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances indicating that the carrying value of our indefinite-lived assets or other intangible assets may not be recoverable include declines in our stock price and market capitalization, or decreased future cash flows projections. For example, in the second quarter of fiscal 2017, we determined there to be triggering events that might possibly indicate that the carrying amount of our long-lived assets may not be recoverable. These triggering events included a sustained decrease in share price during the period and our current-period operating loss combined with a history of operating losses. As a result, we were required to test for the recoverability of our long-lived assets to determine whether an impairment loss should have been recognized as mentioned above. We determined that the estimated undiscounted future cash flows over the remaining useful life of the long-lived assets exceeded the carrying value. Therefore, the assets were deemed recoverable and no impairment loss was recognized on long-lived assets as of July 31, 2016.

In the third quarter of fiscal 2017, in conjunction with the annual impairment analysis of goodwill, we determined that there were indications that the carrying amount of our long-lived assets may not be recoverable. As a result, we were required to test for the recoverability of our long-lived assets to determine whether an impairment loss should be recognized. The Company compared its forecasted undiscounted cash flows over the remaining useful life of the principal long-lived asset to the carrying value. We determined that the fair value of our long-lived asset group exceeds its carrying value at October 31, 2016 and, accordingly, did not recognize an impairment loss on the long-lived assets.

In the third quarter of fiscal 2017, we finalized our step-one analysis of the goodwill impairment test. Our forecast indicated that the estimated fair value of net assets may be less than the carrying value which is a potential indicator of impairment. As such, we performed step two of the impairment test during which we compared the implied fair value of our goodwill to its carrying value. As a result of step two, it was determined that the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeded the fair value by $23.5 million. Accordingly, we recognized an impairment loss for $23.5 million in the quarter ended January 31, 2017.

Our valuation methodology for assessing impairment requires management to make judgments and assumptions based on projections of future operating performance. We operate in highly competitive environments and projections of future operating results and cash flows may vary significantly from actual results. We may be required to record a significant noncash charge to earnings in our financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our indefinite-lived assets or other intangible assets is determined such as the $23.5 million impairment charge we recorded in fiscal 2017 to our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as a result of our annual testing of our goodwill.

We may experience risks in our investments due to changes in the market, which could adversely affect the value or liquidity of our investments.

We maintain a portfolio of marketable securities in a variety of instruments which may include commercial paper, certificates of deposit, money market funds and government debt securities. These investments are subject to general credit, liquidity, market, and interest rate risks. As a result, we may experience a reduction in value or loss of liquidity of our investments. These market risks associated with our investment portfolio may have a negative adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.

The success of our business model could be influenced by changes in the regulatory environment, such as changes that either would limit capital expenditures by television, cable or telecommunications operators or reverse the trend towards deregulation in the industries in which we compete.

The telecommunications and television industries are subject to extensive regulation which may limit the growth of our business, both in the United States and other countries. The growth of our business internationally is dependent in part on deregulation of the telecommunications industry abroad, like that which has occurred in the United States, and the timing and magnitude of this growth, which is uncertain. Video service providers are

subject to extensive government regulation by the Federal Communications Commission and other federal, state and international regulatory agencies. These regulations could have the effect of limiting capital expenditures by video service providers and thus could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The enactment by federal, state or international governments of new laws or regulations, changes in the interpretation of existing regulations or a reversal of the trend toward deregulation in these industries could adversely affect our customers, and thereby materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to hire and retain highly skilled employees, which could affect our ability to compete effectively because our business is technology-based.

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our key personnel, many of whom would be difficult to replace. We believe that our future success will also depend in large part upon our ability to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, engineering, customer service, selling and marketing, finance, administrative and manufacturing personnel, as our business is technology-based. Because competition for these personnel is intense, we may not be able to attract and retain qualified personnel in the future. The loss of the services of any of the key personnel, the integration of new personnel, the inability to attract or retain qualified personnel in the future or delays in hiring required personnel, particularly software engineers and sales personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations because our business is technology-based.

If in the future we do not have enough shares available to issue to our employees, the limited number of shares we could issue may impact our ability to attract, retain and motivate key personnel.

We historically have used stock options, restricted stock and other equity awards as a significant component of our employee compensation program to align our employees’ interests with the interests of our stockholders, encourage employee retention and provide competitive compensation packages. In 2011, our stockholders approved our 2011 Compensation and Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”), which included a limited number of shares to be granted under such 2011 Plan. Our stockholders approved amendments to the 2011 Plan in July 2013 and July 2016. At our 2013 annual meeting of stockholders, our stockholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2011 Plan that, among other things, increased the aggregate number of shares of our common stock authorized for issuance under the 2011 Plan, as amended, by 2,500,000 new shares, from 2,800,000 shares to 5,300,000 shares.

As of January 31, 2017, there are 393,403 shares available for issuance under the 2011 Plan. Unless another amendment to the 2011 Plan is approved, we may not have sufficient shares for our needs in the near future. If our stockholders do not approve any other future amendments that we determine are needed to the 2011 Plan, the limited number of shares available for use as equity incentives to employees may make it more difficult for us to attract, retain and motivate key personnel.

We face significant risks to our business when we engage in the outsourcing of engineering work, including outsourcing of software work overseas, which, if not properly managed, could result in the loss of valuable intellectual property and increased costs due to inefficient and poor work product, which could harm our business, including our financial results, reputation, and brand.

We may, from time-to-time, outsource engineering work related to the design and development of our products, typically to save money and gain access to additional engineering resources. We have worked, and expect to work in the future, with companies located in jurisdictions outside of the United States, including, but not limited to India, Poland and the Philippines. We have limited experience in the outsourcing of engineering and other work to third-parties located internationally that operate under different laws and regulations than those in the United States. If we are unable to properly manage and oversee the outsourcing of this engineering and other work related to our products, we could suffer the loss of valuable intellectual property, or the loss of the ability to

claim such intellectual property, including patents and trade names. Additionally, instead of saving money, we could in fact incur significant additional costs because of inefficient engineering services and poor work product. As a result, our business would be harmed, including our financial results, reputation, and brand.

We may have additional tax liabilities.

We are subject to income taxes in both the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We are regularly under audit by various tax jurisdictions. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different from our historical income tax provisions and accruals. The results of an audit or litigation could have a material effect on our income tax provision, net income, or cash flows in the period or periods for which that determination is made. In addition, we are subject to sales, use and similar taxes in many countries, jurisdictions and provinces, including those states in the United States where we maintain a physical presence or have a substantial nexus. These taxing regimes are complex. For example, in the United States, each state and local taxing authority has its own interpretation of what constitutes a sufficient physical presence or nexus to require the collection and remittance of these taxes. Similarly, each state and local taxing authority has its own rules regarding the applicability of sales tax by customer or product type.

Our foreign subsidiaries generate earnings that are not subject to U.S. income taxes so long as they are permanently reinvested in our operations outside of the U.S. Pursuant to Accounting Standard Codification Topic No. 740-30, “Income Taxes—Other Considerations or Special Areas,” undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that are no longer permanently reinvested would become subject to deferred income taxes under U.S. tax law. Prior to the second quarter of fiscal 2017, we asserted that the undistributed earnings of all our foreign subsidiaries were permanently reinvested.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2017, following a review of our operations, liquidity and funding, and investment in our product roadmap, we determined that the ability to access certain amounts of foreign earnings would provide greater flexibility to meet the Company’s working capital needs. Accordingly, in the second quarter of fiscal 2017, we withdrew the permanent reinvestment assertion on $58.6 million of earnings generated by our Irish operations through July 2016. We recorded a deferred tax liability of $14.7 million related to the foreign income taxes on $58.6 million of undistributed earnings. While we are undertaking efforts to manage the amount of the undistributed earnings we use and thereby reduce our actual tax liability, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in these efforts.

If our security measures are breached and unauthorized access is obtained to a customer’s data or our data on our systems, our service may be perceived as not being secure, customers may curtail or stop using our service and we may incur significant legal and financial exposure and liabilities.

Our service involves the transmission of customers’ proprietary information and security breaches could expose us to a risk of loss of this information or a network disruption, which may result in litigation and possible liability. These security measures may be breached as a result of third-party action, including intentional misconduct by computer hackers, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise and result in unauthorized publication of our confidential business or proprietary information, cause an interruption in our operations, result in the unauthorized release of customer or employee data, result in a violation of privacy or other laws, expose us to a risk of litigation or damage our reputation, which could harm our business and operating results. Additionally, third-parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees or customers into disclosing sensitive information such as user names, passwords or other information to gain access to our customers’ data or our data or IT systems. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, or to sabotage systems, change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. In addition, our customers may authorize third-party

technology providers to access their customer data. Because we do not control our customers and third-party technology providers, or the processing of such data by third-party technology providers, we cannot ensure the integrity or security of such transmissions or processing. Malicious third-parties may also conduct attacks designed to temporarily deny customers access to our services. Any security breach could result in a loss of confidence in the security of our service, damage our reputation, negatively impact our future sales, disrupt our business and lead to legal liability. While we believe that we have taken appropriate security measures to minimize these risks to our data and information systems, there can be no assurance that our efforts will prevent breakdowns or breaches in our systems that could adversely affect our business.

Recently reported hacking attacks on government and commercial computer systems raise the risks that such an attack may compromise, in a material respect, one or more of our computer systems and permit hackers access to our proprietary information and data. If such an attack does, in fact, allow access to or theft of our proprietary information or data, our business, operating results and reputation could be materially and adversely affected.

Interruptions or delays in service from our third-party data center hosting facilities could impair the delivery of our service and harm our business.

For our customers buying our SaaS product offering, we use third-party data center hosting facilities located in the United States and the United Kingdom. Any damage to, or failure of, our systems generally could result in interruptions in our service. Interruptions in our service may reduce our revenue, cause us to issue credits or pay penalties, cause customers to terminate their subscriptions and adversely affect our attrition rates and our ability to attract new customers. Our business will also be harmed if our customers and potential customers believe our service is unreliable. We do not control the operation of any of these facilities, and they are vulnerable to damage or interruption from earthquakes, floods, fires, power loss, telecommunications failures and similar events. They may also be subject to break-ins, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism and similar misconduct. Despite precautions taken at these facilities, the occurrence of a natural disaster or an act of terrorism, a decision to close the facilities without adequate notice or other unanticipated problems at these facilities could result in lengthy interruptions in our service. Even with the disaster recovery arrangements, our service could be interrupted.

A disruption to our information technology systems could significantly impact our operations and impact our revenue and profitability.

Our data processing and financial reporting systems are cloud-based and hosted by a third-party. An interruption to the third-party systems or in the infrastructure which allows us to connect to the third-party systems for an extended period may impact our ability to operate the business and process transactions which could result in a decline in sales and affect our ability to achieve or maintain profitability. It may also result in our inability to comply with SEC regulations in a timely manner.

Uncertainties of regulation of the Internet and data traveling over the Internet could have a material and adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Currently, few laws or regulations apply directly to access to or commerce on the Internet. With more business being conducted over the Internet, there have been calls for more stringent copyright protection, tax, consumer protection, cybersecurity, data localization and content restriction laws, both in the United States and abroad. We could be materially, adversely affected by regulation of the Internet and Internet commerce in any country where we operate. Such regulations could include matters such as net neutrality. Further, governments may regulate or restrict the sales, licensing, distribution, and export or import of certain technologies to certain countries. The adoption of regulation of Internet and Internet commerce could decrease demand for our products and, at the same time, increase the cost of selling our products and services, which could have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the enactment of new federal, state, or foreign data privacy laws and regulations could cause customers not to be able to take advantage of all the features or capabilities of our products and services, which in turn could reduce demand for certain of our products and services.

Our stock price may be volatile and an investment in our stock may decline.

Historically, the market for technology stocks has been extremely volatile. Our common stock has experienced, and may continue to experience, substantial price volatility. The occurrence of any one or more of the factors noted above could cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate. The stock market in general, and The NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) and technology companies have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of such companies. These broad market and industry factors may materially adversely affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In these circumstances, investors may be unable to sell their shares of our common stock at or above their purchase price over the short-term, or at all. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against such companies.

Actions that may be taken by significant stockholders may divert the time and attention of our Board of Directors and management from our business operations.

Campaigns by significant investors to effect changes at publicly-traded companies continue to be prevalent. There can be no assurance that one or more current or future stockholders will not pursue actions to effect changes in our management and strategic direction, including through the solicitation of proxies from our stockholders. If a proxy contest were to be pursued by a stockholder, it could result in substantial expense to us, consume significant attention of our management and Board of Directors, and disrupt our business.

Securities analysts may not publish favorable research or reports about our business or may publish no information which could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

The trading market for our common stock is influenced by the research and reports industry or financial analysts publish about us and our business. We do not control these analysts. If any of the analysts who cover us issue an adverse opinion regarding our stock price, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports covering us, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause our stock price or trade volume to decline.

We utilize non-GAAP reporting in our quarterly earnings press releases.

We publish non-GAAP financial measures in our quarterly earnings press releases along with a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to those measures determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The reconciling items have adjusted U.S. GAAP net (loss) income and U.S. GAAP (loss) earnings per share for certain non-cash, non-operating or non-recurring items and are described in detail in each such quarterly earnings press release. We believe that this presentation may be more meaningful to investors in analyzing the results of operations and income generation as this is how our business is managed. The market price of our stock may fluctuate based on future non-GAAP results if investors base their investment decisions upon such non-GAAP financial measures. If we decide to curtail use of non-GAAP financial measures in our quarterly earnings press releases, the market price of our stock could be affected if investors analyze our performance in a different manner.

During fiscal 2017, we identified material weaknesses in certain internal controls over financial reporting. If we fail to remediate the identified material weaknesses, our reputation, business or stock price could be adversely affected.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that companies evaluate and report on their systems of internal control over financial reporting. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm must report on its evaluation of those controls. As described in Part II, Item 9A, “Controls and Procedures,” of this Form 10-K, our management identified material weaknesses in certain internal controls related to:

•

lack of evidence of management review over the preparation of journal entries under $50,000 at an international subsidiary; and

•

ineffective design of controls around the identification of currency translation adjustments resulting from revaluation of a Euro denominated non-recurring intercompany note payable to an international subsidiary with a U.S. dollar functional currency.

As a result, management reported that internal controls over financial reporting were not effective as of January 31, 2017 due to the existence of the material weaknesses.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. We have developed and are implementing a plan to remediate the isolated material weaknesses identified and believe, based on our evaluation to date, that they will be remediated during fiscal 2018.

Notwithstanding the material weaknesses discussed above, our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believes that the consolidated financial statements contained in this Form 10-K present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The material weaknesses did not result in any adjustments or restatements of our audited and unaudited consolidated financial statements or disclosures for any prior period previously reported by the Company.

We use estimates in accounting for our contracts. Changes in our estimates could adversely affect our future financial results.

Contract accounting requires judgment relative to assessing risks, estimating revenues and costs and making assumptions including, in the case of our professional services contracts, the total amount of labor required to complete a project and the complexity of the development and other technical work to be completed. Due to the size and nature of many of our contracts, the estimation of total revenues and cost at completion is complicated and subject to many variables. Assumptions must be made regarding the length of time to complete the contract because costs also include estimated third-party vendor and contract labor costs. Penalties related to performance on contracts are considered in estimating sales and profit, and are recorded when there is sufficient information for us to assess anticipated performance. Third-party vendors’ assertions are also assessed and considered in estimating costs and margin.

Because of the significance of the judgments and estimation processes described above, it is likely that materially different sales and profit amounts could be recorded if we used different assumptions or if the underlying circumstances were to change, such as occurred in fiscal 2016 when we recorded a $9.2 million provision for loss contract as a result of delays of customer acceptance relating to a fixed-price customer contract on a multi-year arrangement which included multiple vendors. In fiscal 2017, we recorded a $4.1 million reduction in that provision after amending our contract with the fixed-price customer, thus eliminating the second phase of the project and calculating a better estimate of the remaining costs to complete the project. Changes in underlying assumptions, circumstances or estimates may adversely affect future period financial performance.

Our ability to deliver products and services that satisfy customer requirements is heavily dependent on the performance of our third-party vendors.

We rely on other companies to provide products and to perform some of the services that we provide to our customers. If one or more of our third-party vendors experience delivery delays or other performance problems, we may be unable to meet commitments to our customers. In addition, if one or more of the products which we depend on becomes unavailable or is available only at very high prices, we may be unable to deliver one or more

of our products in a timely fashion or at budgeted costs. In some instances, we depend upon a single source of supply. Any service disruption from one of these third-party vendors, either due to circumstances beyond the supplier’s control or because of performance problems or financial difficulties, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet commitments to our customers or increase our operating costs.

We enter fixed-price contracts, which could subject us to losses if we have cost overruns.

While firm fixed-price contracts enable us to benefit from performance improvements, cost reductions and efficiencies, they also subject us to the risk of reduced margins or incurring losses if we are unable to achieve estimated costs and revenues. If our estimated costs exceed our estimated price, we will recognize a loss which can significantly affect our reported results. The long-term nature of many of our contracts makes the process of estimating costs and revenues on fixed-price contracts inherently risky. Fixed-price development contracts are generally subject to more uncertainty than fixed-price production contracts. Many of these development programs have highly complex designs. If we fail to meet the terms specified in those contracts, our margin could be reduced. In addition, technical or quality issues that arise during development could lead to schedule delays and higher costs to complete, which could result in a material charge or otherwise adversely affect our financial condition.

Because we purchase certain components used in assembling some of our products from sole suppliers, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by a failure of these suppliers to provide these components.

We rely on a limited number of third-parties who provide certain components used in our products. We may experience quality control problems, where products did not meet specifications or were damaged in shipping, and delays in the receipt of these components. These risks could be heightened during a substantial economic slowdown or if a sole supplier were adversely affected by a natural disaster because our suppliers are more likely to experience adverse changes in their financial condition and operations during such a period. While we believe that there are alternative suppliers available for these components, we believe that the procurement of these components from alternative suppliers could take a significant amount of time. In addition, these alternative components may not be functionally equivalent or may not be available on a timely basis or on similar terms. The inability to obtain sufficient key components as required, or to develop alternative sources if and as required in the future, could result in delays or reductions in product shipments which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. While to date there has been suitable component capacity readily available at acceptable quality levels, in the future there may not be suppliers that can meet our future volume or quality requirements at a price that is favorable to us. Any financial, operational, production or quality assurance difficulties experienced by these suppliers that result in a reduction or interruption in supply to us could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Regulations related to conflict minerals could adversely impact our business.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act contains provisions to improve transparency and accountability concerning the supply of certain minerals, known as conflict minerals. As a result, the SEC adopted annual disclosure and reporting requirements for those companies who use conflict minerals mined from the DRC and adjoining countries in their products. These regulations may require due diligence efforts by the Company each year with disclosure requirements due annually on May 31^st.There are costs associated with complying with these disclosure requirements, including due diligence to determine the sources of conflict minerals used in our products and other potential changes to products, processes or sources of supply because of such verification activities. Even though we are not aware of any conflict minerals in our products, the implementation of these rules could adversely affect the sourcing, supply and pricing of materials used in our products in the future. As there may be only a limited number of suppliers offering “conflict free” conflict minerals, we cannot be sure that we will be able to obtain necessary materials from such suppliers in sufficient

quantities or at competitive prices. Also, we may face adverse effects to our reputation if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals not determined to be conflict free or if we are unable to sufficiently verify the origins for all conflict minerals used in our products through the procedures we may implement.

Terrorist acts, conflicts, wars and geopolitical uncertainties may seriously harm our business and revenue, costs and expenses and financial condition and stock price.

Terrorist acts, conflicts, wars (wherever located around the world) or geopolitical uncertainties may cause damage or disruption to our business, our employees, facilities, partners, suppliers, distributors, resellers or customers, or adversely affect our ability to manage logistics, operate our transportation and communication systems or conduct certain other critical business operations. The potential for future attacks, the national and international responses to attacks or perceived threats to national security, and other actual or potential conflicts or wars, have created many economic and political uncertainties. In addition, as a multinational company with headquarters and significant operations located in the United States, actions against or by the United States may impact our business or employees. Although it is impossible to predict the occurrences or consequences of any such events, if they occur, they could result in a decrease in demand for our products, make it difficult or impossible to provide services or deliver products to our customers or to receive components from our suppliers, create delays and inefficiencies in our supply chain and result in the need to impose employee travel restrictions. We are predominately uninsured for losses and interruptions caused by terrorist acts, conflicts and wars.

As a Delaware corporation, we are subject to certain Delaware anti-takeover provisions.

As a Delaware corporation, we are subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which may, unless certain criteria are met, prohibit large stockholders, those owning 15% or more of the voting rights of our common stock, from merging or combining with us for a practical period of time. Any provision of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control of SeaChange could limit the opportunity of our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of SeaChange common stock and could affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.

Changes in financial accounting standards may cause adverse unexpected revenue fluctuations and affect our reported results of operations.

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These principles are subject to interpretations by the SEC and various bodies formed to interpret and create appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles can have a significant effect on our reported results and may even affect our reporting of transactions completed before the change is effective. The adoption of new or revised accounting principles may require that we make significant changes to our systems, processes and controls.

For example, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has issued new accounting standards for revenue recognition and leasing and while we know they will have an impact, we are still evaluating the extent that these new accounting standards will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Changes resulting from these new standards may result in materially different financial results and may require that we change how we process, analyze and report financial information and that we change financial reporting controls. See Part II. Item 8, Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Recent Accounting Pronouncements,” of this Form 10-K for additional information.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES


Location	Principal Use	Square Feet
Owned Facilities
Acton, Massachusetts	Corporate Headquarters, Engineering, Customer Services, Sales and Marketing		123,384

Greenville, New Hampshire(1)	Vacant		28,411

Leased Facilities
Eindhoven, The Netherlands	Engineering, Sales and Customer Services		20,553
Milpitas, California	Engineering		20,155

Warsaw, Poland	Engineering and Customer Services		14,242

Manila, Philippines	Engineering and Customer Services		14,175

(1)

We are currently actively marketing this building to be sold. However, due to the location of the building and the market conditions in the area, we believe it will take longer than first expected. Therefore, until we find a buyer, we are exploring other possibilities of utilizing the building such as leasing. We had a lessee occupying a portion of the building prior to February 28, 2017, but this lessee has since moved out. The building is currently vacant.

In addition, we lease or sublease offices in Santa Monica and San Francisco, California, Ft. Washington, Pennsylvania, Ireland and Turkey. We believe that existing facilities are adequate to meet our foreseeable requirements.

In fiscal 2017, we incurred restructuring charges of $0.4 million to exit our facilities in California and Oregon as part of our cost savings actions related to the impairment of the Timeline Labs business and to the acquisition of DCC Labs. Currently, we are subleasing the facilities in Santa Monica and San Francisco, California until the end of their respective lease terms in fiscal 2019.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We enter agreements in the ordinary course of business with customers, resellers, distributors, integrators and suppliers. Most of these agreements require us to defend and/or indemnify the other party against intellectual property infringement claims brought by a third-party with respect to our products. From time to time, we also indemnify customers and business partners for damages, losses and liabilities they may suffer or incur relating to personal injury, personal property damage, product liability, and environmental claims relating to the use of our products and services or resulting from the acts or omissions of us, our employees, authorized agents or subcontractors. From time to time, we have received requests from customers for indemnification of patent litigation claims. Management cannot reasonably estimate any potential losses, but these claims could result in material liability for us.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity

Our common stock is traded on NASDAQ under the symbol “SEAC”.

The following table sets forth the quarterly high and low closing sales prices per share reported on NASDAQ for our last two fiscal years ended January 31, 2017 and 2016:


	Fiscal Year 2017				Fiscal Year 2016
	High		Low		High		Low
Three Month Period Ended:
First Quarter	$	6.25	$	3.73	$	8.35	$	6.35
Second Quarter		3.77		3.19		7.86		6.71
Third Quarter		3.32		2.62		7.15		5.80
Fourth Quarter		2.80		2.30		7.04		5.96

On April 10, 2017, there were 120 holders of record.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock, since inception, and do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all our future earnings for use in operations and to finance the expansion of our business.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Stock Performance Graph

The following graph compares the change in the cumulative total stockholder return on SeaChange’s common stock during the period from the close of trading on January 31, 2012 through January 31, 2017, with the cumulative total return on the Center for Research in Securities Prices (“CRSP”) Index for NASDAQ (U.S. Companies) and a Standard Industrial Classification (“SIC”) Code Index based on SeaChange’s SIC Code. The comparison assumes $100 was invested on January 31, 2012 in SeaChange’s common stock at the $7.18 closing price on January 31, 2012 and in each of the foregoing indices and assumes reinvestment of dividends, if any.

The following graph is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed filed with the SEC and is not to be incorporated by reference in any filing of SeaChange under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any such filing. The stock price performance shown on the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future price performance. Information used on the graph was obtained from a third-party provider, a source believed to be reliable, but SeaChange is not responsible for any errors or omissions in such information.

LOGO

Notes:

(1)

The lines represent monthly index levels derived from compounded daily returns that include all dividends.

(2)

If the monthly interval, based on the fiscal year end, is not a trading day, the preceding trading day is used.

(3)

The index level for all series was set to 100 on January 31, 2012.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Our selected financial data below should be read in conjunction with our audited, consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in Part II, Item 8., “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” of this Form 10-K. For all periods presented, these selected financial data have been adjusted to reflect the businesses divested as discontinued operations.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS DATA


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2017			2016			2015			2014			2013
	(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Product revenue	$	18,205		$	21,896		$	31,507		$	54,749		$	64,274
Service revenue		65,590			85,096			83,928			91,570			92,914

Total revenues		83,795			106,992			115,435			146,319			157,188
Total operating costs and expenses		(137,941	)		(155,191	)		(141,888	)		(147,948	)		(162,534	)
Other expenses, net		(1,972	)		(523	)		(2,161	)		(224	)		(86	)
(Loss) gain on investment in affiliates		(500	)		(31	)		—			(363	)		885

Loss from continuing operations before income taxes and equity income in earnings of affiliates		(56,618	)		(48,753	)		(28,614	)		(2,216	)		(4,547	)
Income tax provision (benefit)		14,631			(1,029	)		(1,106	)		55			(1,555	)
Equity income in earnings of affiliates, net of tax		—			27			19			44			193

Loss from continuing operations		(71,249	)		(47,697	)		(27,489	)		(2,227	)		(2,799	)
Loss on sale of discontinued operations		—			—			—			—			(14,073	)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net		—			—			5			(803	)		(2,293	)

Net loss	$	(71,249	)	$	(47,697	)	$	(27,484	)	$	(3,030	)	$	(19,165	)

Loss per share:
Basic	$	(2.04	)	$	(1.42	)	$	(0.84	)	$	(0.09	)	$	(0.59	)
Diluted	$	(2.04	)	$	(1.42	)	$	(0.84	)	$	(0.09	)	$	(0.59	)
Loss per share from continuing operations:
Basic	$	(2.04	)	$	(1.42	)	$	(0.84	)	$	(0.07	)	$	(0.09	)
Diluted	$	(2.04	)	$	(1.42	)	$	(0.84	)	$	(0.07	)	$	(0.09	)
Income (loss) per share from discontinued operations:
Basic	$	—		$	—		$	0.00		$	(0.02	)	$	(0.50	)
Diluted	$	—		$	—		$	0.00		$	(0.02	)	$	(0.50	)

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA

	As of January 31,
	2017			2016			2015			2014			2013
	(Amounts in thousands)
Working capital	$	41,942		$	59,887		$	101,014		$	125,875		$	116,922
Total assets		116,067			177,669			212,351			254,113			264,676
Deferred revenue		14,936			17,410			19,088			25,628			30,603
Long-term liabilities		19,108			3,699			6,266			6,670			7,815
Total liabilities		46,531			46,651			41,300			49,672			62,475
Total stockholders’ equity		69,536			131,018			171,051			204,441			202,201

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (“MD&A”)

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Form 10-K. When reviewing the discussion, you should keep in mind the substantial risks and uncertainties that characterize our business. In particular, we encourage you to review the risk and uncertainties described under Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” of this Form 10-K. These risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those forecasted in forward-looking statements or implied by past results and trends. Forward-looking statements are statements that attempt to project or anticipate future developments in our business; we encourage you to review the discussion of forward-looking statements under “Cautionary Statement for Purposes of the “Safe Harbor” Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995,” at the beginning of this report. These statements, like all statements in this report, speak only as of the date of this report (unless another date is indicated), and we undertake no obligation to update or revise the statements considering future developments. Unless otherwise specified, any reference to a “year” is to a fiscal year ended January 31st.

Business Overview

We are an industry leader in the delivery of multiscreen video, advertising and premium over-the-top (“OTT”) headquartered in Acton, Massachusetts. Our products and services facilitate the aggregation, licensing, management and distribution of video and advertising content for cable television system operators, telecommunications companies, satellite operators and media companies. We currently operate under one reporting segment.

We continue to address what we see as the continuing rise of OTT services by such companies as Netflix, Hulu and Amazon and by media companies such as HBO, CBS and BBC. This rise of OTT video services in the United States has increased the demand for multiscreen capabilities on a range of consumer devices operating on cloud-based platforms. We have been increasing our strategic investments in research and development related to our cloud-based offerings, as well as in sales and marketing as we work to increase our go-to-market efforts in this area.

We continue to invest in our Rave premium OTT video platform (“Rave”) which is our cloud-based software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) offering that permits service providers and media companies to offer features and functions through a service hosted and managed by SeaChange, reducing cost and increasing speed and ease of use for end users. We believe that by delivering innovative solutions to both our existing customer base and to content owners that are looking to provide OTT services, we can meet their growing needs and help them get to market faster, which will help them drive new revenue growth. Recognizing the importance of OTT, we have architected our cloud solutions and products to make integrating with existing networks simple and a core competency of our platform. We have optimized our software solutions to serve a wide range of consumer devices.

We expect to increase software sales in North America and EMEA through an increase in sales efforts in those regions. In addition, we believe that we have the opportunity for continued revenue growth by expanding our selling efforts in new geographic areas such as Asia Pacific and Latin America. We also believe that our existing service operator customers will continue upgrading to new features that enable the capacity to increase average revenue per subscriber, reduce operating and capital expenses, and lower customer churn.

We continue to experience fluctuations in our revenues from period to period due to the following factors:

•

Changes to estimated times to complete long-term projects;

•

The time required to deliver and install the product and for the customer to accept the product and services;

•

Timing of customer in selecting programs to launch our services to their end users;

•

The ability of our customers to process the purchase order within their organization in a timely manner;

•

Budgetary approvals by our customers for capital purchases;

•

Uncertainty caused by potential consolidation in the industry; and

•

Changes in foreign exchange rates.

These, together with other factors, could result in reductions in sales of our products, longer sales cycles, difficulties in collection of accounts receivable, a longer period of time before we may recognize revenue attributable to a sale, changes in cost estimates on long-term contracts which could result in a loss provision, gross margin deterioration, slower adoption of new technologies, the transition to SaaS, and increased price competition.

On February 2, 2015, we acquired TLL, LLC (“Timeline Labs”), a California-based SaaS company. In January 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a restructuring plan, as previously reported in a Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 17, 2016. Based on the decision to enter the restructuring plan and the plan’s impact on the projected future cash flows of the Timeline Labs operations, we determined that the carrying amount of all long-term assets that resulted from the February 2015 acquisition, had exceeded their fair value as of January 31, 2016. As a result, these long-term assets were deemed fully impaired and we recorded the $21.9 million net book value of these long-term assets as a component of loss on impairment of long-lived assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2016. Additionally, we reduced the contingent consideration liability associated with the Timeline Labs acquisition to zero, as we determined that the defined performance criteria would not be achieved, and credited the reversal of the liability of $0.4 million to loss on impairment of long-lived assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2016. In February 2016, we implemented cost-saving actions related to the restructuring plan resulting in charges of $0.7 million related to severance paid to former Timeline Labs employees and facility closings. See Part II. Item 8, Note 4, “Acquisitions and Loss on Impairment of TLL, LLC,” to this Form 10-K for more information.

In addition to the reduction in workforce due to the acquisition of DCC Labs, we implemented additional company-wide cost savings during the second half of fiscal 2017, which includes a worldwide reduction in workforce, to help improve operations and optimize our cost structure with the goal of assisting in restoring SeaChange to profitability and positive cash flow. During fiscal 2017, we recognized $3.1 million of restructuring costs related to these cost-saving initiatives.

We recorded an income tax provision of $14.6 million in fiscal 2017, primarily relating to deferred income tax expense of $14.7 million related to the undistributed foreign earnings of certain of our foreign subsidiaries. Prior to the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2017, we asserted that the undistributed earnings of all our foreign subsidiaries were permanently reinvested and, accordingly were not subject to U.S. income taxes. In the second quarter of fiscal 2017, following a review of our operations, liquidity and funding, and investment in our product roadmap, we determined that the ability to access certain amounts of foreign earnings would provide greater flexibility to meet the Company’s working capital needs. Accordingly, in the second quarter of fiscal 2017, we withdrew the permanent reinvestment assertion on $58.6 million of earnings generated by our Irish operations through July 2016, and recorded a deferred tax liability of $14.7 million related to the foreign income on the $58.6 million of undistributed earnings. There is no certainty as to the timing of when such foreign earnings will be distributed via dividend to the United States in whole or in part. In addition, when the foreign earnings are distributed to the United States, we anticipate that a substantial portion of the resulting U.S. income taxes would be reduced by existing tax attributes.

Leadership Changes

Effective January 31, 2017, Jonathan Rider, who previously served as our Chief Information Officer, was appointed Chief Operating Officer of SeaChange.

Results of Operations

The following discussion summarizes the key factors our management believes are necessary for an understanding of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenues

The components of our total revenues are described in the following table:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,									FY17 vs. FY16						FY16 vs. FY15
	2017			2016			2015			$ Change			% Change			$ Change			% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data)
Revenues:
Products	$	18,205		$	21,896		$	31,507		$	(3,691	)		(16.9	%)	$	(9,611	)		(30.5	%)
Services		65,590			85,096			83,928			(19,506	)		(22.9	%)		1,168			1.4	%

Total revenues		83,795			106,992			115,435			(23,197	)		(21.7	%)		(8,443	)		(7.3	%)

Cost of product revenues		6,779			6,752			9,915			27			0.4	%		(3,163	)		(31.9	%)
Cost of service revenues		38,954			44,239			48,413			(5,285	)		(11.9	%)		(4,174	)		(8.6	%)
Provision for loss contract		(4,118	)		9,162			—			(13,280	)		100.0	%		9,162			N/A

Total cost of revenues		41,615			60,153			58,328			(18,538	)		(30.8	%)		1,825			3.1	%

Gross profit	$	42,180		$	46,839		$	57,107		$	(4,659	)		(9.9	%)	$	(10,268	)		(18.0	%)

Gross product profit margin		62.8	%		69.2	%		68.5	%					(6.4	%)					0.7	%
Gross service profit margin		46.9	%		37.2	%		42.3	%					9.7	%					5.7	%
Gross profit margin		50.3	%		43.8	%		49.5	%					6.5	%					(5.7	%)

Fiscal 2017 As Compared to Fiscal 2016

Product Revenue. The decrease in product revenue for fiscal 2017 of $3.7 million, as compared to fiscal 2016, was primarily due to a $6.3 million decrease in hardware and advertising revenue offset by a $2.6 million increase in our video platform, user experience and third-party product revenues.

Service Revenue. Service revenue decreased $19.5 million in fiscal 2017, as compared to fiscal 2016. The decline was primarily due to less revenue recognized for professional services provided on our video platform during the period. Additionally, there was a decrease in maintenance and support revenue provided on post-warranty contracts.

In fiscal 2017, one customer accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue. Two customers accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue in fiscal 2016. See Part II. Item 8, Note 11, “Segment Information, Significant Customers and Geographic Information,” to this Form 10-K for more information.

International sales accounted for 64% and 56% of total revenues in fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, respectively. The increase in the international sales as a percentage of total revenue for fiscal 2017, as compared to the same prior period is primarily due to the decrease in domestic revenue at a higher rate than the decrease in international revenue.

Gross Profit and Margin. Cost of revenues consists primarily of the cost of resold third-party products and services, purchased components and subassemblies, labor and overhead relating to the assembly and testing of complete systems and costs related to customized software development contracts.

Our gross profit margin increased seven percentage points in fiscal 2017, as compared to fiscal 2016. However, excluding the provision for loss contract recorded in the third quarter of fiscal 2016 and adjusted in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, our gross profit margin decreased seven percentage points for fiscal 2017, as compared to last fiscal year. Product gross margin decreased six percentage points for fiscal 2017, as compared to fiscal 2016 due to lower software and license revenue. Service profit margins increased 10 percentage points in fiscal 2017, as compared to fiscal 2016. However, excluding the provision for loss contract, service profit margin decreased seven percentage points for fiscal 2017, as compared to fiscal 2016. This is due to the lower service revenue to absorb our fixed costs of the professional services organization.

Provision for loss contract

Contract accounting requires judgment relative to assessing risks, estimating the revenue and costs and making assumptions for the length of time to complete the contract. Since the financial reporting of these contracts depends on estimates, which are assessed continually during the term of the contract, recognized revenues and costs are subject to revisions as the contract progresses towards completion. Any changes to these assumptions and estimates could result in gains or losses in the future. During fiscal 2016, delays of customer acceptance relating to fixed-price customer contracts on a multi-year arrangement that included multiple vendors occurred. As a result, we recorded an €8.3 million (approximately $9.2 million at October 31, 2015) provision for loss contract in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. We agreed with the customer on the replacement of certain third-party vendors and a change in the timeline of this project, which was estimated to be completed in June 2017. As the system integrator on the project, we are subject to any costs overruns or increases with these vendors resulting in delays of acceptance by our customer. Any further delays of acceptance by the customer will result in incremental expenditures and increase the loss.

As of October 31, 2016, we had incurred net costs of €5.2 million (approximately $5.7 million) relating to this fixed-price customer contract. Since we established the accrued provision for loss contract on our consolidated balance sheets in the third quarter of fiscal 2016, the balance in the accrual was €3.1 million (approximately $3.5 million) as of October 31, 2016. Subsequently, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, due to the execution of an amendment to the Master License and Services Agreement with this fixed-price customer, there were changes in scope of the project which, among other things, eliminated the second phase of this project. Costs and revenues

related to the second phase had been considered in the total project costs and total project revenues of the original provision for loss contract. The elimination of the second phase resulted in a net reduction of the accrued provision for loss contract of €1.3 million (approximately $1.4 million as of January 31, 2017). Despite the elimination of the second phase from this project with the fixed-price customer, we are actively negotiating additional contracts to deliver enhanced capabilities for its end-to-end video delivery solution in the future. Other changes in the scope of the project in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 helped define the remaining costs to complete this project and resulted in an additional net reduction of the accrued provision for loss contract of €2.6 million (approximately $2.7 million as of January 31, 2017). These scope changes were primarily a result of work being moved to DCC Labs, which we acquired in May 2016. Total adjustments to the accrued provision for loss contract were €3.9 million (approximately $4.1 million as of January 31, 2017) which we recorded as a reduction to the provision for loss contract in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017.

Fiscal 2016 As Compared to Fiscal 2015

Product Revenue. Product revenue in fiscal 2016 decreased $9.6 million, or 31%, as compared to fiscal 2015, due primarily to a $9.9 million decrease in our legacy advertising insertion products, a decrease in our video-on-demand (“VOD”) streamer products, and lower Adrenalin products in Europe due to several large and non-recurring orders delivered in fiscal 2015. The decline in legacy products was consistent with our expectations for this fiscal year.

Service Revenue. Service revenue increased $1.2 million, or 1%, for fiscal 2016, when compared to fiscal 2015, primarily due to higher gateway service revenues offset by lower VOD streamer support revenue.

For fiscal 2016, two customers each accounted for more than 10%, and collectively accounted for 38% of our total revenues. For fiscal 2015, two customers each accounted for more than 10%, and collectively accounted for 34% of our total revenues. We believe that a significant amount of our revenues will continue to be derived from a limited number of customers.

International revenues accounted for approximately 56%, or $60.0 million, and 48%, or $55.6 million, of total revenues in fiscal 2016 and 2015, respectively. Our fiscal 2016 revenues were approximately $5.3 million lower resulting from the strengthening of the U.S. dollar compared to the Euro if converted at last fiscal year’s applicable exchange rates.

Gross Profit and Margin. Our gross profit margin increased approximately three percentage points for fiscal 2016, as compared to fiscal 2015, excluding the provision for loss contract recorded in fiscal 2016. This increase in gross profit margin was primarily due to a six-percentage point increase in gross service profit margin relating to our ability to recognize higher gateway service revenues compared to fiscal 2015, excluding the provision for loss contract. Including the provision for loss contract, service margins decreased six percentage points. Gross product profit margin remained relatively flat year over year.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development

The following table provides information regarding the change in research and development expenses during the periods presented:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,									FY17 vs. FY16						FY16 vs. FY15
	2017			2016			2015			$ Change			% Change			$ Change			% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data)
Research and development expenses	$	30,093		$	33,696		$	42,169		$	(3,603	)		(10.7	%)	$	(8,473	)		(20.1	%)
% of total revenue		35.9	%		31.5	%		36.5	%

Fiscal 2017 As Compared to Fiscal 2016. Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee costs, which include salaries, benefits and related payroll taxes, depreciation of development and test equipment and an allocation of related facility expenses. Research and development costs decreased $3.6 million in fiscal 2017 as compared to fiscal 2016, primarily due to lower labor costs associated with the decreased headcount from the Timeline Labs restructuring in February 2016, to the restructuring of the research and development group after our acquisition of DCC Labs in May 2016 and to cost-savings efforts implemented in the second half of fiscal 2017. These restructuring efforts would have resulted in a larger decrease in our research and development costs period over period than would have been achieved if we did not capitalize $3.0 million of costs related to the development of our internal-use software in fiscal 2016. This software was placed in service at the beginning of fiscal 2017 and no further costs were capitalized.

Fiscal 2016 As Compared to Fiscal 2015. Research and development costs decreased $8.5 million in fiscal 2016 as compared to fiscal 2015, primarily due to lower employee-related costs resulting from the reduction of workforce in January 2015, and a decrease in the use of contract labor, partially offset by the inclusion of costs associated with Timeline Labs, which was acquired in February 2015.

Selling and Marketing

The following table provides information regarding the change in selling and marketing expenses during the periods presented:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,									FY17 vs. FY16						FY16 vs. FY15
	2017			2016			2015			$ Change			% Change			$ Change		% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data)
Selling and marketing expenses	$	14,033		$	15,197		$	13,920		$	(1,164	)		(7.7	%)	$	1,277		9.2	%
% of total revenue		16.7	%		14.2	%		12.1	%

Fiscal 2017 As Compared to Fiscal 2016. Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of payroll costs, which include salaries and related payroll taxes, benefits and commissions, travel expenses and certain promotional expenses. Selling and marketing expenses decreased $1.2 million in fiscal 2017 primarily due to lower employee-related costs. These lower costs were a result of the cost-savings initiative implemented during the second half of fiscal 2017. The restructuring resulted in the termination of eight sales and marketing employees, including two senior vice presidents. In addition, commission expense was lower in fiscal 2017, as compared to fiscal 2016, due to lower revenues. Partially offsetting the decrease during the period is an increase in marketing payroll costs resulting from the addition of DCC Labs in May 2016 and to the hiring of a new senior vice president of marketing in February 2016.

Fiscal 2016 As Compared to Fiscal 2015. Selling and marketing expenses increased $1.3 million, or 9%, in fiscal 2016 when compared to fiscal 2015 as we began incurring selling and marketing expenses from our Timeline Labs acquisition in February 2015, offset by lower commissions resulting from a decline in revenues.

General and Administrative

The following table provides information regarding the change in general and administrative expenses during the periods presented:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,									FY17 vs. FY16					FY16 vs. FY15
	2017			2016			2015			$ Change		% Change			$ Change			% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data)
General and administrative expenses	$	16,173		$	15,470		$	16,014		$	703		4.5	%	$	(544	)		(3.4	%)
% of total revenue		19.3	%		14.5	%		13.9	%

Fiscal 2017 As Compared to Fiscal 2016. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee costs, which include salaries and related payroll taxes and benefit-related costs, legal and accounting services and an allocation of related facilities expenses. General and administrative expenses increased $0.7 million in fiscal 2017 as compared to fiscal 2016. The change does not reflect the full benefit that we anticipate to realize from our restructuring efforts because we had an increase in professional fees in fiscal 2017, including audit, tax and legal fees and an increase in bad debt expense.

Fiscal 2016 As Compared to Fiscal 2015. General and administrative expenses decreased $0.5 million, or 3%, in fiscal 2016, as compared to fiscal 2015, primarily due to a decrease in employee costs from a lower headcount year over year.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

The following table provides information regarding the change in amortization of intangible assets during the periods presented:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,									FY17 vs. FY16						FY16 vs. FY15
	2017			2016			2015			$ Change			% Change			$ Change			% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data)
Amortization of intangible assets	$	3,302		$	4,780		$	5,154		$	(1,478	)		(30.9	%)	$	(374	)		(7.3	%)
% of total revenue		3.9	%		4.5	%		4.5	%

Amortization expense is primarily related to the costs of acquired intangible assets. Amortization expense on certain intangible assets is based on the future economic value of the related intangible assets which is generally higher in the earlier years of the assets’ lives. The decrease in amortization expense in fiscal 2017, as compared to fiscal 2016, is primarily due to the impairment of intangible assets related to our acquisition of Timeline Labs recorded in fiscal 2016 as well as fully amortized intangible assets from prior acquisitions. The decreases were partially offset by the addition of amortization of intangible assets related to our acquisition of DCC Labs in May 2016.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

The following table provides information regarding the change in stock-based compensation expense during the periods presented:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,									FY17 vs. FY16						FY16 vs. FY15
	2017			2016			2015			$ Change			% Change			$ Change		% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data)
Stock-based compensation expenses	$	2,621		$	3,552		$	3,220		$	(931	)		(26.2	%)	$	332		10.3	%
% of total revenue		3.1	%		3.3	%		2.8	%

Fiscal 2017 As Compared to Fiscal 2016. Stock-based compensation expense is related to the issuance of stock awards to our employees, executives and members of our Board of Directors. Stock-based compensation expense decreased $0.9 million in fiscal 2017, as compared to fiscal 2016 primarily due to modifications of certain stock awards for terminated employees, as well as a decrease in stock compensation recorded on non-performance-based equity after the departure of our former CEO in the first quarter of fiscal 2017. Also, because of the departure of our former CEO, we reversed $0.8 million of previously recognized stock-based compensation expense on his market-based stock options. Finally, certain employees elected a discounted cash payment in lieu of restricted stock units for their fiscal 2016 incentive compensation, resulting in a $0.4 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense in fiscal 2017. Partially offsetting these decreases is an increase in stock options granted during fiscal 2017 and expense recognized on performance stock units which were granted at the end of fiscal 2016.

Fiscal 2016 As Compared to Fiscal 2015. Stock-based compensation expense increased $0.3 million during fiscal 2016 as compared to fiscal 2015 due to stock compensation expense recorded on market-based stock options

Professional Fees—Other

The following table provides information regarding the change in professional fees expenses associated with acquisitions, divestitures, litigation and strategic alternatives during the periods presented:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,									FY17 vs. FY16						FY16 vs. FY15
	2017			2016			2015			$ Change			% Change			$ Change			% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data)
Professional fees—other	$	347		$	637		$	671		$	(290	)		(45.5	%)	$	(34	)		(5.1	%)
% of total revenue		0.4	%		0.6	%		0.6	%

Professional fees in fiscal 2017 decreased $0.3 million, as compared to fiscal 2016 due to costs related to strategic alternatives incurred in fiscal 2016 partially offset by costs in fiscal 2017 for the acquisition of DCC Labs. Professional fees in fiscal 2016 remained relatively flat when compared to fiscal 2015.

Severance and Other Restructuring Expenses

The following table provides information regarding the change in severance and other restructuring expenses during the periods presented:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,									FY17 vs. FY16					FY16 vs. FY15
	2017			2016			2015			$ Change		% Change			$ Change			% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data)
Severance and other restructuring expenses	$	7,151		$	1,061		$	3,623		$	6,090		>100	%	$	(2,562	)		(70.7	%)
% of total revenue		8.5	%		1.0	%		3.1	%

Fiscal 2017 As Compared to Fiscal 2016. Severance and other restructuring costs increased $6.1 million in fiscal 2017, as compared to fiscal 2016 due to cost savings initiatives implemented during the second half of fiscal 2017, which resulted in charges of $3.1 million. We expect to be completed with these cost savings initiatives during the first half of fiscal 2018. Restructuring charges related to our Timeline Labs operation and DCC Labs acquisition resulted in charges totaling $2.6 million recorded during fiscal 2017. In addition, severance charges of $1.5 million not related to a restructuring plan included $1.0 million of severance to our former CEO and $0.2 million of severance to our former CFO along with severance paid to 13 other former employees. Severance and other restructuring costs in fiscal 2016 included severance for a former General Manager of our EMEA operations and 17 other former employees.

Fiscal 2016 As Compared to Fiscal 2015. Severance and other restructuring costs decreased $2.6 million in fiscal 2016, as compared to fiscal 2015, primarily due costs related to the reduction in force incurred in January of fiscal 2015.

Earn-outs and Change in Fair Value of Earn-outs

The following table provides information regarding the change in earn-outs and change in fair value of earn-outs during the periods presented:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,							FY17 vs. FY16				FY16 vs. FY15
	2017			2016		2015		$ Change		% Change		$ Change		% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data)
Earn-outs and change in fair value of earn-outs	$	249		$	—	$	—	$	249		N/A	$	—		N/A
% of total revenue		0.3	%		0.0%		0.0%

The $0.2 million in earn-outs costs for fiscal 2017 is due to a charge recorded that represents the fair value (at the issuance date) of additional shares issued to the former holders of Timeline Labs pursuant to the terms of the Timeline Labs purchase agreement based on our stock price at the time of deferred stock consideration issuances.

Loss on Impairment of Long-lived Assets

The following table provides information regarding the change in loss on impairment of long-lived assets during the periods presented:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,								FY17 vs. FY16					FY16 vs. FY15
	2017			2016			2015		$ Change		% Change			$ Change		% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data)
Loss on impairment of long-lived assets	$	23,772		$	21,464		$	—	$	2,308		10.8	%	$	21,464		N/A
% of total revenue		28.4	%		20.1	%		0.0%

In fiscal 2017, we recorded a loss on impairment of long-lived assets of $23.8 million which included a charge related to the impairment of our goodwill resulting from our annual goodwill impairment test which concluded in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017. We finalized “Step 1” of this impairment test in the third quarter and determined that the fair value of our reporting unit was less than its carrying value and needed to perform “Step 2” which we performed in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017. We compared the implied fair value of our goodwill to its carrying value as required by “Step 2” and determined that the implied fair value of our goodwill was less than its carrying value and that it was not recoverable, resulting in an impairment charge of $23.5 million being recorded in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in January 2017. In addition, we recorded an impairment charge on our Greenville, New Hampshire building in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 to write off its remaining book value. We have been actively trying to sell this building since fiscal 2012, writing down its carrying value several times. However, due to the location of the property and the overall market conditions in the area, we have not been able to find a buyer. Therefore, we recorded a $0.3 million impairment charge in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in January 2017 to write down the carrying value to zero.

In January 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a restructuring plan, as previously reported in a Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 17, 2016. Based on the decision to enter into the restructuring plan and the plan’s impact on the projected future cash flows of the Timeline Labs operations, we determined that the carrying amount of all long-term assets that resulted from the February 2015 acquisition had exceeded the fair value as of January 31, 2016. As a result, these long-term assets were deemed fully impaired and we recorded the $21.9 million net book value of these long-term assets as a component of loss on impairment of TLL, LLC net assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2016. Additionally, we reduced the contingent consideration liability associated with the Timeline Labs acquisition to zero, as we determined that the defined performance criteria would not be achieved, and recorded the reversal of the liability of $0.4 million to loss on impairment of TLL, LLC net assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2016. In February 2016, we implemented cost-saving actions related to the restructuring plan. See Part II. Item 8, Note 4, “Acquisitions and Loss on Impairment of TLL, LLC,” to this Form 10-K for more information.

Other Expenses, Net

The table below provides detail regarding our other expenses, net:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,									FY17 vs. FY16					FY16 vs. FY15
	2017			2016			2015			$ Change			% Change		$ Change			% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data)
Interest income, net	$	129		$	165		$	211		$	(36	)		(21.8%)	$	(46	)		(21.8%)
Foreign exchange loss		(2,093	)		(723	)		(2,348	)		(1,370	)		>100%		1,625			(69.2%)
Miscellaneous (expense) income		(508	)		4			(24	)		(512	)		>(100%)		28			>(100%)

	$	(2,472	)	$	(554	)	$	(2,161	)	$	(1,918	)			$	1,607

Foreign exchange loss

We established an intercompany loan between our U.S. and Netherlands entities in fiscal 2010, which was settled in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017. The loan was established in Euros, our Netherland subsidiary’s functional currency, and therefore generated a realized foreign exchange loss of $1.8 million upon settlement of the loan. This realized foreign exchange loss was recorded in other expenses, net in January 2017. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in foreign exchange loss in fiscal 2017, as compared to fiscal 2016, due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar compared to other foreign currencies, primarily the Euro, during the period.

Miscellaneous (expense) income

We recorded an impairment charge of $0.5 million to write down a cost-method investment in January 2017 since we determined that the fair value of the investment was less than its carrying value and that the carrying value was not expected to be recoverable within a reasonable period.

Income Tax Provision (Benefit)


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,									FY17 vs. FY16				FY16 vs. FY15
	2017			2016			2015			$ Change		% Change		$ Change		% Change
	(Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data)
Income tax provision (benefit)	$	14,631		$	(1,029	)	$	(1,106	)	$	15,660		>(100%)	$	77		(7.0	%)
% of total revenue		17.4	%		(1.0	%)		(1.0	%)

Fiscal 2017 As Compared to Fiscal 2016

We recorded an income tax provision of $14.6 million in fiscal 2017 which was due to deferred income tax expense of $14.7 million related to the change in assertion regarding the undistributed foreign earnings of certain of our foreign subsidiaries.

provide greater flexibility to meet the Company’s working capital needs. Accordingly, in the second quarter of fiscal 2017, we withdrew the permanent reinvestment assertion on $58.6 million of earnings generated by our Irish operations through July 2016. We recorded a deferred tax liability of $14.7 million related to the foreign income taxes on $58.6 million of undistributed earnings.

There is no certainty as to the timing of when such foreign earnings will be distributed to the United States in whole or in part. Further, when the foreign earnings are distributed via dividend to the United States, we anticipate that a substantial portion of the resulting U.S. income taxes would be reduced by existing tax attributes.

We have not provided for U.S. federal or foreign income taxes on $6.0 million of our non-U.S. subsidiaries’ undistributed earnings as of January 31, 2017. The $6.0 million of undistributed foreign earnings have been reinvested in our foreign operations, as we have determined that these earnings are necessary to support our planned ongoing investments in our foreign operations, and as a result, these earnings remain indefinitely reinvested in those operations. In making this decision, we considered cash needs for investing in our existing businesses, potential acquisitions and capital transactions.

The Company reviews all available evidence to evaluate the recovery of deferred tax assets, including the recent history of losses in all tax jurisdictions, as well as its ability to generate income in future periods. As of January 31, 2017, due to the uncertainty related to the ultimate use of certain deferred income tax assets, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance on substantially all of its deferred assets.

We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various state jurisdictions, and various foreign jurisdictions. We have closed out an audit with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) through fiscal 2013, however, the taxing authorities can still review the propriety of certain tax attributes created in closed years if such tax attributes are utilized in an open tax year, such as our federal research and development credit carryovers. During fiscal 2017, we closed an audit with the Dutch tax authorities for fiscal years 2010 through 2015.

Fiscal 2016 As Compared to Fiscal 2015

We recorded an income tax benefit from continuing operations of $1.0 million in fiscal 2016. Our effective tax rate is lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate as we did not record tax benefits on our year-to-date losses in the United States and the Netherlands, where we maintain a full valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. The tax benefit is primarily due to a reduction of uncertain tax positions relating to the expiration of the statute of limitations. We make adjustments to our unrecognized tax benefits when: i) facts and circumstance regarding a tax position change, causing a change in management’s judgment regarding that tax position; ii) a tax position is effectively settled with a tax authority; and/or iii) the statute of limitations expires regarding a tax position.

The Company reviews all available evidence to evaluate the recovery of deferred tax assets, including the recent history of losses in all tax jurisdictions, as well as its ability to generate income in future periods. As of January 31, 2016, due to the uncertainty related to the ultimate realization of certain deferred income tax assets, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance on certain of its deferred tax assets.

Our effective tax rate in fiscal 2017 and in future periods may fluctuate on a quarterly basis because of changes in our jurisdictional forecasts where losses cannot be benefitted due to the existence of valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets, changes in actual results versus our estimates, or changes in tax laws, regulations, accounting principles, or interpretations thereof.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, we effectively settled our IRS audit for fiscal years 2010 through 2013. The closing of the audit resulted in a $2.3 million reduction to our federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforward, a corresponding $2.3 million increase in our federal capital loss carryforward and a $0.1 million reduction in our federal research and development credits.

We continue to maintain a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets where realization is not certain. We periodically evaluate the likelihood of the realization of deferred tax assets and reduce the carrying amount of these deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance to the extent we believe a portion will not be realized.

Non-GAAP Measures

We define non-GAAP (loss) income from operations as U.S. GAAP operating loss plus stock-based compensation expenses, amortization of intangible assets, provision for loss contract, earn-outs and change in fair value of earn-outs, professional fees—other, loss on impairment of long-lived assets, severance and other restructuring costs. We discuss non-GAAP (loss) income from operations in our quarterly earnings releases and certain other communications as we believe non-GAAP operating (loss) income from operations is an important measure that is not calculated according to U.S. GAAP. We use non-GAAP (loss) income from operations in internal forecasts and models when establishing internal operating budgets, supplementing the financial results and forecasts reported to our Board of Directors, determining a component of bonus compensation for executive officers and other key employees based on operating performance and evaluating short-term and long-term operating trends in our operations. We believe that non-GAAP (loss) income from operations financial measure assists in providing an enhanced understanding of our underlying operational measures to manage the business, to evaluate performance compared to prior periods and the marketplace, and to establish operational goals. We believe that these non-GAAP financial adjustments are useful to investors because they allow investors to evaluate the effectiveness of the methodology and information used by management in our financial and operational decision-making.

Non-GAAP (loss) income from operations is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information provided in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures may not be computed in the same manner as similarly titled measures used by other companies. We expect to continue to incur expenses like the financial adjustments described above in arriving at non-GAAP (loss) income from operations and investors should not infer from our presentation of this non-GAAP financial measure that these costs are unusual, infrequent or non-recurring.

The following table includes the reconciliations of our U.S. GAAP loss from operations, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, to our non-GAAP loss from operations for fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015 (amounts in thousands, except per share and percentage data):


	For the Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2017									For the Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2016									For the Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2015
	GAAP As Reported			Adjustments			Non-GAAP			GAAP As Reported			Adjustments			Non-GAAP			GAAP As Reported			Adjustments			Non-GAAP
Revenues:
Products	$	18,205		$	—		$	18,205		$	21,896		$	—		$	21,896		$	31,507		$	—		$	31,507
Services		65,590			—			65,590			85,096			—			85,096			83,928			—			83,928

Total revenues		83,795			—			83,795			106,992			—			106,992			115,435			—			115,435

Cost of revenues:
Products		6,453			—			6,453			6,013			—			6,013			8,845			—			8,845
Services		37,865			—			37,865			44,159			—			44,159			48,272			—			48,272
Provision for loss contract		(4,118	)		4,118			—			9,162			(9,162	)		—			—			—			—
Amortization of intangible assets		1,283			(1,283	)		—			739			(739	)		—			1,070			(1,070	)		—
Stock-based compensation		132			(132	)		—			80			(80	)		—			141			(141	)		—

Total cost of revenues		41,615			2,703			44,318			60,153			(9,981	)		50,172			58,328			(1,211	)		57,117

Gross profit		42,180			(2,703	)		39,477			46,839			9,981			56,820			57,107			1,211			58,318

Gross profit percentage		50.3	%		(3.2	%)		47.1	%		43.8	%		9.3	%		53.1	%		49.5	%		1.0	%		50.5	%
Operating expenses:
Research and development		30,093			—			30,093			33,696			—			33,696			42,169			—			42,169
Selling and marketing		14,033			—			14,033			15,197			—			15,197			13,920			—			13,920
General and administrative		16,173			—			16,173			15,470			—			15,470			16,014			—			16,014
Amortization of intangible assets		2,019			(2,019	)		—			4,041			(4,041	)		—			4,084			(4,084	)		—
Stock-based compensation expense		2,489			(2,489	)		—			3,472			(3,472	)		—			3,079			(3,079	)		—
Earn-outs and change in fair value of earn-outs		249			(249	)		—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Professional fees—other		347			(347	)		—			637			(637	)		—			671			(671	)		—
Severance and other restructuring costs		7,151			(7,151	)		—			1,061			(1,061	)		—			3,623			(3,623	)		—
Loss on impairment of long-lived assets		23,772			(23,772	)		—			21,464			(21,464	)		—			—			—			—

Total operating expenses		96,326			(36,027	)		60,299			95,038			(30,675	)		64,363			83,560			(11,457	)		72,103

(Loss) income from operations	$	(54,146	)	$	33,324		$	(20,822	)	$	(48,199	)	$	40,656		$	(7,543	)	$	(26,453	)	$	12,668		$	(13,785	)

(Loss) income from operations percentage		(64.6	%)		39.8	%		(24.8%)			(45.0	%)		38.0	%		(7.0	%)		(22.9	%)		11.0	%		(11.9	%)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		34,970			34,970			34,970			33,506			33,506			33,506			32,772			32,772			32,772

Diluted		34,970			35,057			34,970			33,506			33,663			33,506			32,772			33,004			32,772

Non-GAAP operating (loss) income per share:
Basic	$	(1.55	)	$	0.95		$	(0.60	)	$	(1.44	)	$	1.21		$	(0.23	)	$	(0.81	)	$	0.39		$	(0.42	)

Diluted	$	(1.55	)	$	0.95		$	(0.60	)	$	(1.44	)	$	1.21		$	(0.23	)	$	(0.81	)	$	0.39		$	(0.42	)

The changes in the table above during fiscal 2017, compared to fiscal 2016 and during fiscal 2016 compared to fiscal 2015, were a result of the factors described in connection with revenues and operating expenses under

Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations—Results of Operations,” of this Form 10-K.

In managing and reviewing our business performance, we exclude several items required by U.S. GAAP. Management believes that excluding these items is useful in understanding the trends and managing our operations. We provide these supplemental non-GAAP measures to assist the investment community to see SeaChange through the “eyes of management,” and therefore enhance the understanding of our operating performance. Non-GAAP financial measures should be viewed in addition to, not as an alternative to, our reported results prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our non-GAAP financial measures reflect adjustments based on the following items:

Provision for Loss Contract. We entered a fixed-price customer contract on a multi-year arrangement, which included multiple vendors. As the system integrator on the project, we are subject to any cost overruns or increases with these vendors resulting in delays of acceptance by our customer. Delays of customer acceptance on this project result in incremental expenditures and require us to recognize a loss on this project in the period the determination is made. As a result, we recorded an estimated charge of $9.2 million in fiscal 2016. Subsequently, because of changes in the scope of the project and negotiations with the fixed-price customer, we recorded an adjustment to reduce this provision in fiscal 2017 by $4.1 million. We believe that the exclusion of this expense allows a comparison of operating results that would otherwise impair comparability between periods.

Amortization of Intangible Assets. We incur amortization expense of intangible assets related to various acquisitions that have been made in recent years. These intangible assets are valued at the time of acquisition, are then amortized over a period of several years after the acquisition and generally cannot be changed or influenced by management after the acquisition. We believe that exclusion of these expenses allows comparisons of operating results that are consistent over time for the Company’s newly-acquired and long-held businesses.

Stock-based Compensation Expense. We incur expenses related to stock-based compensation included in our U.S. GAAP presentation of cost of revenues, selling and marketing expense, general and administrative expense and research and development expense. Although stock-based compensation is an expense we incur and is viewed as a form of compensation, the expense varies in amount from period to period, and is affected by market forces that are difficult to predict and are not within the control of management, such as the market price and volatility of our shares, risk-free interest rates and the expected term and forfeiture rates of the awards.

Earn-outs and Change in Fair Value of Earn-outs. Earn-outs and the change in the fair value of the earn-outs are considered by management to be non-recurring expenses to the former shareholders of the businesses we acquire. We also incur expense due to changes in fair value related to contingent consideration that we believe would otherwise impair comparability among periods.

Professional Fees—Other. We have excluded the effect of legal and other professional costs associated with our acquisitions, divestitures, litigation and strategic alternatives because the amounts are significant non-recurring expenses.

Severance and Other Restructuring. We incur charges due to the restructuring of our business, including severance charges and facility reductions resulting from our restructuring and streamlining efforts and any changes due to revised estimates, which we generally would not have otherwise incurred in the periods presented as part of our continuing operations.

Loss on Impairment of Long-lived Assets. In fiscal 2017, we incurred a loss on impairment of long-lived assets related to the results of our goodwill impairment testing and the write down of the fair value of our Greenville, New Hampshire facility. We incurred impairment charges in fiscal 2016 relating to our February 2015 acquisition of Timeline Labs, based on our decision to undertake a restructuring. These charges are considered non-recurring.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table includes key line items of our consolidated statements of cash flows:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,									FY17 vs FY16 $ Change			FY16 vs FY15 $ Change
	2017			2016			2015			FY17 vs FY16 $ Change			FY16 vs FY15 $ Change
	(Amounts in thousands)
Total cash used in operating activities	$	(28,521	)	$	(18,663	)	$	(13,339	)	$	(9,858	)	$	(5,324	)
Total cash used in investing activities		(3,899	)		(13,128	)		(8,156	)		9,229			(4,972	)
Total cash provided by (used in) financing activities		60			193			(5,504	)		(133	)		5,697
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		1,929			312			1,284			1,617			(972	)

Net decrease in cash	$	(30,431	)	$	(31,286	)	$	(25,715	)	$	855		$	(5,571	)

Historically, we have financed our operations and capital expenditures primarily with cash on-hand. Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and marketable securities decreased from $71.1 million at January 31, 2016 to $38.7 million at January 31, 2017.

We had a letter agreement with JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“JP Morgan”) for a demand discretionary line of credit and a Demand Promissory Note in the aggregate amount of $20.0 million, which expired on August 31, 2016 with no outstanding balance. This line of credit and Demand Promissory Note was not renewed.

We believe that existing funds and cash provided by future operating activities are adequate to satisfy our working capital, potential acquisitions and capital expenditure requirements and other contractual obligations for the foreseeable future, including at least the next twelve months. However, if our expectations are incorrect, we may need to raise additional funds to fund our operations, to take advantage of unanticipated strategic opportunities or to strengthen our financial position. In the future, we may enter other arrangements for potential investments in, or acquisitions of, complementary businesses, services or technologies, which could require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. Additional funds may not be available on favorable terms.

In addition, we actively review potential acquisitions that would complement our existing product offerings, enhance our technical capabilities or expand our marketing and sales presence. Any future transaction of this nature could require potentially significant amounts of capital or could require us to issue our stock and dilute existing stockholders. If adequate funds are not available, or are not available on acceptable terms, we may not be able to take advantage of market opportunities, to develop new products or to otherwise respond to competitive pressures.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2017, following a review of our operations, liquidity and funding, and investment in our product roadmap, we determined that the ability to access cash resulting from earnings in prior fiscal years that had previously been deemed permanently restricted for foreign investment would provide greater flexibility to meet the Company’s working capital needs. Accordingly, in the second quarter of fiscal 2017, we withdrew the permanent reinvestment assertion on $58.6 million of earnings generated by our Irish operations through July 2016. We recorded a deferred tax liability of $14.7 million related to the foreign income taxes on $58.6 million of undistributed earnings.

Operating Activities

Below are key line items affecting cash from operating activities:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,									FY17 vs FY16 $ Change			FY16 vs FY15 $ Change
	2017			2016			2015			FY17 vs FY16 $ Change			FY16 vs FY15 $ Change
	(Amounts in thousands)
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(71,249	)	$	(47,697	)	$	(27,489	)	$	(23,552	)	$	(20,208	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in by operating activities		44,924			41,550			12,197			3,374			29,353

Net loss including adjustments		(26,325	)		(6,147	)		(15,292	)		(20,178	)		9,145
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable and unbilled receivables		4,736			(6,080	)		1,574			10,816			(7,654	)
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,378			(1,097	)		1,570			2,475			(2,667	)
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable		(1,674	)		874			(1,619	)		(2,548	)		2,493
(Decrease) increase in accrued expenses		(5,055	)		(2,713	)		1,650			(2,342	)		(4,363	)
Decrease in deferred revenues		(2,417	)		(1,431	)		(5,699	)		(986	)		4,268
All other—net		(836	)		(2,069	)		4,472			2,905			(6,541	)

Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations		(28,521	)		(18,663	)		(13,344	)		(9,858	)		(5,319	)
Net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations		—			—			5			—			(5	)

Net cash used in operating activities	$	(28,521	)	$	(18,663	)	$	(13,339	)	$	(9,858	)	$	(5,324	)

For fiscal 2017, we used net cash in operating activities of $28.5 million. This cash used in operating activities was primarily the result of our net loss including adjustments of $26.3 million offset by changes in working capital, which include a decrease in receivables of $4.7 million due to the timing of customer payments, offset by a decrease in accrued expenses of $5.1 million related to the payment of severance and bonuses, a $2.4 million decrease in deferred revenue and a $1.7 million decrease in accounts payable due to the timing of payments to vendors.

For fiscal 2016, we used total net cash of $18.7 million primarily due to a net loss from continuing operations of $47.7 million and a $6.1 million increase in accounts receivable due to the timing of collections, a $2.7 million decrease in accrued expenses primarily related to payment of severance during the year and a $1.4 million decrease in annual support contracts for legacy products. This decrease in cash was offset by a net increase of $41.6 million in noncash items which primarily consist of stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization expense, changes in deferred income taxes, a provision for loss contracts and loss on impairment of Timeline Labs net assets.

Investing Activities

Cash flows from investing activities are as follows:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,									FY17 vs FY16 $ Change			FY16 vs FY15 $ Change
	2017			2016			2015			FY17 vs FY16 $ Change			FY16 vs FY15 $ Change
	(Amounts in thousands)
Purchases of property and equipment	$	(683	)	$	(1,397	)	$	(1,873	)	$	714		$	476
Investment in capitalized software		—			(2,440	)		—			2,440			(2,440	)
Purchases of marketable securities		(2,008	)		(9,033	)		(9,193	)		7,025			160
Proceeds from sale and maturity of marketable securities		4,005			11,043			7,181			(7,038	)		3,862
Proceeds from (purchase of) cost method investments, net		—			464			(2,000	)		(464	)		2,464
Cash paid for acquisition of business, net of cash acquired		(5,243	)		(11,686	)		—			6,443			(11,686	)
Advance for TLL, LLC acquisition		—			—			(2,500	)		—			2,500
Other investing activities		30			(79	)		229			109			(308	)

Net cash used in investing activities	$	(3,899	)	$	(13,128	)	$	(8,156	)	$	9,229		$	(4,972	)

In fiscal 2017, we used $3.9 million in cash related to investing activities. Specifically, we used cash of $5.2 million for the acquisition of DCC Labs and $0.7 million for the purchase of capital assets offset by $2.0 million of proceeds from the net sale of marketable securities.

In fiscal 2016, we used cash of $13.1 million related to investing activities primarily due to the use of $11.7 million for the acquisition of Timeline Labs, the purchase of capital assets of $1.4 million and the capitalization of costs related to our internal-use software of $2.4 million, offset by $2.0 million cash provided by the proceeds from the sale of marketable securities, net of purchases.

Financing Activities

Cash flows from financing activities are as follows:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,							FY17 vs FY16 $ Change			FY16 vs FY15 $ Change
	2017		2016		2015			FY17 vs FY16 $ Change			FY16 vs FY15 $ Change
	(Amounts in thousands)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock relating to stock option exercises	$	60	$	193	$	—		$	(133	)	$	193
Repurchases of our common stock		—		—		(5,504	)		—			5,504

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$	60	$	193	$	(5,504	)	$	(133	)	$	5,697

For fiscal 2017, cash provided by financing activities is from proceeds received from the issuance of common stock for the exercise of employee stock options.

For fiscal 2016, we received cash of $0.2 million from the issuance of common stock for the exercise of employee stock options. We used $5.5 million in cash from our financing activities in fiscal 2015 for the purchase of stock under a stock repurchase plan during the fiscal year.

Effect of exchange rate changes increased cash and cash equivalents by $1.9 million for fiscal 2017, primarily due to a realized loss resulting from the settlement of an intercompany loan between two of our subsidiaries in January 2017 and the translation of European subsidiaries’ cash balances, which use the Euro as their functional currency, to U.S. dollars.

Contractual Obligations

The following table reflects our current and contingent contractual obligations to make potential future payments as of January 31, 2017:


	Total		Less than one year		One to three years		Three to five years		Over five years
	(Amounts in thousands)
Purchase obligations(1)	$	3,275	$	3,275	$	—	$	—	$	—
Non-cancelable lease obligations(2)		5,988		1,826		2,838		1,324		—

Total	$	9,263	$	5,101	$	2,838	$	1,324	$	—

(1)	Represents obligations under agreements with non-cancelable terms to purchase goods or services. The agreements are enforceable and legally binding, and specify terms, including quantities to be purchased and the timing of the purchase.

(2)	Represents the minimum lease cash payments for operating lease obligations. Excludes aggregate related sublease rental receipts of $0.4 million on operating lease obligations.

We have excluded from the table above uncertain tax liabilities as defined by authoritative guidance due to the uncertainty of the amount and period of payment. As of January 31, 2017, we have gross unrecognized tax benefits of $5.1 million.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Our actual results could differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

The significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are described in Note 2., “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to our consolidated financial statements set forth in Part II, Item 8, of this Form 10-K. We believe the following critical accounting policies reflect the significant estimates, judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Principles of Consolidation

We consolidate the financial statements of our wholly-owned subsidiaries and all intercompany accounts are eliminated in consolidation. We also hold minority investments in the capital stock of certain private companies having product offerings or customer relationships that have strategic importance. We evaluate our equity and debt investments and other contractual relationships with affiliate companies to determine whether the guidelines regarding the consolidation of variable interest entities (“VIEs”) should be applied in the financial statements. Consolidation guidelines address consolidation by business enterprises of variable interest entities that possess certain characteristics. A VIE is defined as an entity in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. The primary beneficiary is required to consolidate the financial position and results of the VIE. We have concluded that we are not the primary beneficiary for any VIEs as of January 31, 2017.

Our investments in affiliates include investments accounted for under the cost method of accounting as the investments represent less than a 20% ownership interest of the common shares of the affiliate.

Revenue Recognition

Our transactions frequently involve the sales of hardware, software, systems and services in multiple-element arrangements. Revenues from sales of hardware, software and systems that do not require significant modification or customization of the underlying software are recognized when:

•

persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists;

•

delivery has occurred, and title and risk of loss have passed to the customer;

•

fees are fixed or determinable; and

•

collection of the related receivable is considered probable.

Customers are billed for installation, training, project management and at least one year of product maintenance and technical support at the time of the product sale. Revenue from these activities is deferred at the time of the product sale and recognized ratably over the period these services are performed. Revenue from ongoing product maintenance and technical support agreements is recognized ratably over the period of the related agreements. Revenue from software development contracts that include significant modification or customization, including software product enhancements, is recognized based on the percentage of completion contract accounting method using labor efforts expended in relation to estimates of total labor efforts to complete the contract. The percentage of completion method requires that adjustments or re-evaluations to estimated project revenues and costs be recognized on a project-to-date cumulative basis, as changes to the estimates are identified. Revisions to project estimates are made as additional information becomes known, including information that becomes available after the date of the consolidated financial statements up through the date such consolidated financial statements are filed with the SEC. If the final estimated profit to complete a long-term contract indicates a loss, a provision is recorded immediately for the total loss anticipated. Accounting for contract amendments and customer change orders are included in contract accounting when executed. Revenue from shipping and handling costs and other out-of-pocket expenses reimbursed by customers are included in revenues and cost of revenues. Our share of intercompany profits associated with sales and services provided to affiliated companies are eliminated in consolidation in proportion to our equity ownership.

the software revenue recognition rules, except when they are sold with and relate to a software-only product. Revenue recognition for products that no longer fall under the scope of the software revenue recognition rules is like that for other tangible products and Accounting Standard Update No. (“ASU”) 2009-13, “Revenue Recognition (Topic 605): Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements,” amended ASC 605 and is applicable for multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements. ASU 2009-13 allows companies to allocate revenue in a multiple-deliverable arrangement in a manner that better reflects the transaction’s economics.

Under the software revenue recognition rules, the fee is allocated to the various elements based on vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value. Under this method, the total arrangement value is allocated first to undelivered elements based on their fair values, with the remainder being allocated to the delivered elements. Where fair value of undelivered service elements has not been established, the total arrangement value is recognized over the period during which the services are performed. The amounts allocated to undelivered elements, which may include project management, training, installation, maintenance and technical support and certain hardware and software components, are based upon the price charged when these elements are sold separately and unaccompanied by the other elements. The amount allocated to installation, training and project management revenue is based upon standard hourly billing rates and the estimated time necessary to complete the service. These services are not essential to the functionality of systems as these services do not alter the equipment’s capabilities, are available from other vendors and the systems are standard products. For multiple-element arrangements that include software development with significant modification or customization and systems sales where VSOE of the fair value does not exist for the undelivered elements of the arrangement (other than maintenance and technical support), percentage of completion accounting is applied for revenue recognition purposes to the entire arrangement except for maintenance and technical support.

Under the revenue recognition rules for tangible products as amended by ASU 2009-13, the fee from a multiple-deliverable arrangement is allocated to each of the deliverables based upon their relative selling prices as determined by a selling-price hierarchy. A deliverable in an arrangement qualifies as a separate unit of accounting if the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis. A delivered item that does not qualify as a separate unit of accounting is combined with the other undelivered items in the arrangement and revenue is recognized for those combined deliverables as a single unit of accounting. The selling price used for each deliverable is based upon VSOE if available, third-party evidence (“TPE”) if VSOE is not available, and best estimate of selling price (“BESP”) if neither VSOE nor TPE are available. TPE is the price of the Company’s, or any competitor’s, largely interchangeable products or services in stand-alone sales to similarly situated customers. BESP is the price at which we would sell the deliverable if it were sold regularly on a stand-alone basis, considering market conditions and entity-specific factors.

The selling prices used in the relative selling price allocation method for certain of our services are based upon VSOE. The selling prices used in the relative selling price allocation method for third-party products from other vendors are based upon TPE. The selling prices used in the relative selling price allocation method for our hardware products, software, subscriptions, and customized services for which VSOE does not exist are based upon BESP. We do not believe TPE exists for these products and services because they are differentiated from competing products and services in terms of functionality and performance and there are no competing products or services that are largely interchangeable. Management establishes BESP with consideration for market conditions, such as the impact of competition and geographic considerations, and entity-specific factors, such as the cost of the product, discounts provided and profit objectives. Management believes that BESP is reflective of reasonable pricing of that deliverable as if priced on a stand-alone basis.

receivable and in deferred revenue or revenue, depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met. For the most part, subscription and support agreements are entered into for 12 to 36 months. Generally, most of the professional services components of the arrangements with customers are performed within a year of entering a contract with the customer.

In most instances, revenue from a new customer acquisition is generated under sales agreements with multiple elements, comprised of subscription and support and other professional services. We evaluate each element in a multiple-element arrangement to determine whether it represents a separate unit of accounting. An element constitutes a separate unit of accounting when the delivered item has standalone value and delivery of the undelivered element is probable and within our control.

In determining when to recognize revenue from a customer arrangement, we are often required to exercise judgment regarding the application of our accounting policies to a particular arrangement. The primary judgments used in evaluating revenue recognized in each period involve: determining whether collection is probable, assessing whether the fee is fixed or determinable, and determining the fair value of the maintenance and service elements included in multiple-element software arrangements. Such judgments can materially impact the amount of revenue that we record in a given period. While we follow specific and detailed rules and guidelines related to revenue recognition, we make and use significant management judgments and estimates in connection with the revenue recognized in any reporting period, particularly in the areas described above. If management made different estimates or judgments, material differences in the timing of the recognition of revenue could occur.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We recognize revenue for products and services only in those situations where collection from the customer is probable. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of customers’ financial condition but generally do not require collateral. For some international customers, we may require an irrevocable letter of credit to be issued by the customer before the purchase order is accepted. We monitor payments from customers and assess any collection issues. We maintain allowances for specific doubtful accounts and other risk categories of accounts based on estimates of losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments and record these allowances as a charge to general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. We base our allowances for doubtful accounts on historical collections and write-off experience, current trends, credit assessments, and other analysis of specific customer situations. While such credit losses have historically been within our expectations and the allowances established, we cannot guarantee that we will continue to experience the same credit loss rates that we have in the past. If the financial condition of our customers were to change, additional allowances may be required or established allowances may be considered unnecessary. Judgment is required in making these determinations and our failure to accurately estimate the losses for doubtful accounts and ensure that payments are received on a timely basis could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Fair Value Measurements

We measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value based on valuation techniques using the best information available, which may include quoted market prices, market comparables and discounted cash flow projections. Financial instruments include money market funds, corporate debt investments, asset-backed securities, government-sponsored enterprises and state municipal obligations.

Inventories and Reserves

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. Inventories consist primarily of components and subassemblies and finished products held for sale. All our hardware components are purchased from outside vendors. The value of inventories is reviewed quarterly to determine that the carrying value is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We record charges to reduce inventory to its net realizable value when impairment is identified through the quarterly review process. The obsolescence evaluation is based upon assumptions and estimates about future demand and possible alternative uses and involves significant judgments.

Accounting for Business Combinations

We apply the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations, including our acquisitions of Timeline Labs on February 2, 2015 and DCC Labs on May 5, 2016. Under this method of accounting, we are required to record the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, contractual contingencies, and contingent consideration at their fair value on the acquisition date. Determining these fair values and completing the purchase price allocation process requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at acquisition date with respect to intangible assets, estimated contingent consideration payments and pre-acquisition contingencies. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recognized as goodwill. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we have made have been reasonable and appropriate, they are based in part on historical experience and information obtained from the management of the acquired company and are inherently uncertain. Examples of critical estimates in accounting for acquisitions include but are not limited to:

•

the estimated fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration, which is calculated using a probability-weighted discounted cash flow model based upon the forecasted achievement of post-acquisition bookings targets;

•

the future expected cash flows from product sales, support agreements, consulting contracts, other customer contracts and acquired developed technologies and patents; and

•

the relevant discount rates.

Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur which may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Additionally, any change in the fair value of the acquisition-related contingent consideration once determined, including changes from events after the acquisition date, such as changes in our estimate of the bookings that are expected to be achieved, will be recognized in earnings in the period of the estimated fair value change. A change in fair value of the acquisition-related contingent consideration could have a material effect on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and statement of financial position in the period of the change in estimate.

Acquired Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Acquired Intangible Assets

We use significant judgment in determining the fair value of acquired intangible assets, whether the assets are amortizable or non-amortizable and the period and method by which the intangible asset will be amortized. Intangible assets include customer contracts, completed technology, non-compete agreements, trademarks, backlogs and patents. We engage third-party valuation specialists to assist us with the initial measurement of the fair value of acquired intangible assets. Acquired intangible assets, other than goodwill, are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives during the period the economic benefits of the intangible asset are consumed or otherwise used up. We review definite-lived intangible assets for impairment when indication of a potential impairment exists. As of January 31, 2016, we impaired $5.2 million of intangible assets relating to our February 2015 acquisition of Timeline Labs as the result of our decision to enter a restructuring plan relating to the Timeline Labs operations that included the winding down of the operations.

Goodwill

In connection with acquisitions of businesses, we recognize the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired as goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized, but is evaluated for impairment at least annually, in our third quarter beginning August 1^st, or more frequently if indicators are present or changes in circumstances suggest that an impairment exists. The process of evaluating goodwill for impairment requires several judgments and assumptions to be made to determine the fair value, including the method used to determine fair value, discount rates, expected levels of cash flows, revenues and earnings, and the selection of comparable companies used to develop market-based assumptions. We may employ the three generally accepted approaches for valuing businesses: the market approach, the income approach, and the asset-based (cost) approach to arrive at the fair value. The choice of which approach and methods to use in a situation depends on the facts and circumstances.

In evaluating goodwill for impairment, we chose to use the market approach and the income approach to determine the fair value. The market approach provides value indications through a comparison with guideline public companies or guideline transactions. The valuation multiple is an expression of what investors believe to be a reasonable valuation relative to a measure of financial information such as revenues, earnings or cash flows. The income approach provides value indications through an analysis of its projected earnings, discounted to present value. We employed a weighted-average cost of capital rate based on the risk-free interest rate and other factors such as equity risk premiums and the ratio of total debt to equity capital. In performing the annual impairment test, we took steps to ensure appropriate and reasonable cash flow projections and assumptions were used.

Our projections for the next five years included increased operating expenses in line with the expected revenue growth based on current market and economic conditions and our historical knowledge. Historical growth rates served as only one input to the projected future growth used in the goodwill impairment analysis. These historical growth rates were adjusted based on other inputs regarding anticipated customer contracts. The forecasts have incorporated any changes to the revenue and operating expenses through the end of fiscal 2017. We estimated the operating expenses based on a rate consistent with the current experience and estimated revenue growth over the next five years. Future adverse changes in market conditions or poor operating results could result in losses, thereby possibly requiring an impairment charge in the future.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2017, triggering events prompted us to perform “Step 1” of the goodwill impairment test. The triggering events included a sustained decrease in our stock price during the period, the withdrawal of the permanent reinvestment assertion on earnings generated by our Irish operations (see Note 12, “Income Taxes” to this Form 10-K for more information) and a decline in actual revenue for the quarter compared to projected amounts, which was previously reported in a Current Report on Form 8-K furnished to the SEC on August 23, 2016. The outcome of that preliminary “Step 1” analysis revealed that as of July 31, 2016, the fair value of the net assets exceeded its carrying value by a range of $15.4 million to $25.0 million, or 15.0% to 24.4% of the carrying value of the reporting unit’s net assets.

During our fiscal 2017 annual impairment test, we determined based on “Step 1” that the fair value of our reporting unit was less than its carrying value, which was $102.5 million at August 1, 2016. The comparison of estimated fair value to the carrying value of our reporting unit ranged from a shortfall of approximately $23.0 million to $14.5 million. Since the estimated fair value of our reporting unit was less than its carrying value, we determined that it was necessary to perform “Step 2” of the impairment test. In “Step 2” of the impairment test we compared the implied fair value of our goodwill to its carrying value. After adjusting the carrying value of all assets, liabilities and equity to fair value at August 1, 2016, the estimated implied fair value of goodwill was calculated to be $22.3 million. Since the implied fair value of goodwill of $22.3 million is less than the carrying value of $45.8 million as of August 1, 2016, we recorded an impairment charge of $23.5 million to loss on impairment of long-lived assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, consistent with the estimated range for impairment loss we previously reported in our Form 10-Q for the period ended July 31, 2016.

As of January 31, 2016, we impaired $15.8 million of goodwill relating to our February 2015 acquisition of Timeline Labs as the result of our decision to enter a restructuring plan relating to the Timeline Labs operations that may include a winding down of the operations. The amount of goodwill impaired represented all the goodwill that resulted from this acquisition due to the short duration of time between the acquisition and the event causing us to impair the asset. Because of this decision, which we consider to be a triggering event, we were required to perform an analysis of our remaining goodwill. The results of this analysis determined that there was no further impairment to our goodwill during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016.

Long-Lived Assets

We review property and equipment, investments and other long-lived assets on a regular basis for impairment when indication of potential impairment exists. If such circumstances exist, we evaluate the carrying value of long-lived assets to determine if impairment exists based upon estimated undiscounted future cash flows over the remaining useful life of the assets and compare that value to the carrying value of the assets. Our cash flow estimates contain management’s best estimates, using appropriate and customary assumptions and projections at the time.

Internal Use Software

Certain costs incurred in the application development phase of software development for internal use are capitalized and amortized over the product’s estimated useful life, which is three years. The Company expenses all costs incurred that relate to planning and post implementation phases of development. Capitalized costs related to internally developed software under development are treated as construction in progress until the technology is available for intended use, at which time the amortization commences. Capitalized internally developed software costs were $2.7 million as of January 31, 2017. Maintenance and training costs are expensed as incurred. As of January 31, 2016, because of our decision to enter a restructuring plan relating to the Timeline Labs operations, which we consider to be a triggering event for impairment testing of long-lived assets, we impaired $0.9 million of internal use software.

Software Development Costs

We also purchase software for resale and capitalize those costs associated with projects that meet technological feasibility. Amortization expense of capitalized software is recorded over the period of economic consumption or the life of the agreement, whichever results in the higher expense, starting with the first shipment of the product to a customer. Amortization expense of capitalized software was $1.0 million and $0.1 million in fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, respectively, and immaterial for fiscal 2015.

Accounting for Income Taxes

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly within equity or in other comprehensive loss. Income taxes payable, which is included in other accrued expenses in our consolidated balance sheets, is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantially-enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized, using the balance sheet method, for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized for the following temporary differences: the initial recognition of goodwill, the initial recognition of assets and liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit, and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that they probably will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax is measured at

the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantially-enacted by the reporting date.

A deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences, to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in the countries where the deferred tax assets originated and during the periods when the deferred tax assets become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.

We operate in multiple jurisdictions with complex tax policy and regulatory environments. In certain of these jurisdictions, we may take tax positions that management believes are supportable, but are potentially subject to successful challenge by the applicable taxing authority. These interpretational differences with the respective governmental taxing authorities can be impacted by the local economic and fiscal environment. We evaluate our tax positions and establish liabilities in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance on uncertainty in income taxes. We review these tax uncertainties in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, and adjust them accordingly.

Because there are several estimates and assumptions inherent in calculating the various components of our tax provision, certain changes or future events such as changes in tax legislation, geographic mix of earnings, completion of tax audits or earnings repatriation plans could have an impact on those estimates and our effective tax rate.

Stock-based Compensation

We account for all employee and non-employee director stock-based compensation awards using the authoritative guidance regarding share-based payments. We continue to use the Black-Scholes pricing model as we feel it is the most appropriate method for determining the estimated fair value of the non-market-based awards. We also use the Monte Carlo pricing model for our market-based option awards and performance stock units (“PSUs”). Determining the appropriate fair value model and calculating the fair value of share-based payment awards requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the share-based payment awards and stock price volatility. Management estimates the volatility based on the historical volatility of our stock. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based payment awards represent management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. As a result, if circumstances change and we use different assumptions, our stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. In addition, we are required to estimate the expected forfeiture rate and only recognize expense for those shares expected to vest. If our actual forfeiture rate is materially different from our estimate, the stock-based compensation expense could be significantly different from what we have recorded in the current period. The estimated fair value of our market-based awards, less expected forfeitures, is amortized over the awards’ vesting period on a graded vesting basis, whereas the fair value of non-market-based awards and employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) stock units, less estimated forfeitures, are amortized on a straight-line basis.

Foreign Currency Translation

For subsidiaries where the U.S. dollar is designated as the functional currency of the entity, we translate that entity’s monetary assets and liabilities denominated in local currencies into U.S. dollars (the functional and reporting currency) at current exchange rates, as of each balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets (e.g., inventories, property and equipment and intangible assets) and related income statement accounts (e.g., cost of sales, depreciation, amortization of intangible assets) are translated at historical exchange rates between the functional currency (the U.S. dollar) and the local currency. Revenue and other expense items are translated using average exchange rates during the fiscal period. Translation adjustments resulting from translation of the

subsidiaries’ accounts are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions, and any unrealized gains and losses on short-term intercompany transactions are included in other expenses, net on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

For subsidiaries where the local currency is designated as the functional currency, we translate the subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars (the reporting currency) at current exchange rates as of each balance sheet date. Revenue and expense items are translated using average exchange rates during the period. Cumulative translation adjustments are presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Exchange gains and losses on foreign currency transactions and unrealized gains and losses on short-term intercompany transactions are included in other expenses, net on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The aggregate foreign exchange transaction losses included as other expenses, net, on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss was $2.1 million, $0.7 million and $2.3 million for the years ended January 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Updates—Not Yet Adopted

We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs. Updates not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and to develop a common revenue standard for U.S. GAAP and the International Financial Reporting Standards. This guidance supersedes previously issued guidance on revenue recognition and gives a five step process an entity should follow so that the entity recognizes revenue that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In July 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date of this guidance to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, which would be our fiscal 2019 reporting period. Early adoption is permitted.

Subsequently, the FASB issued ASUs in 2016 containing implementation guidance related to ASU 2014-09. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net),” which finalizes its amendments to the guidance in the new revenue standard on assessing whether an entity is a principal or an agent in a revenue transaction. This conclusion impacts whether an entity reports revenue on a gross or net basis. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08 “Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” which finalizes its amendments to the guidance in the new revenue standard regarding the identification of performance obligations and accounting for the license of intellectual property. And in May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, “Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients” which finalizes its amendments to the guidance in the new revenue standard on collectability, noncash consideration, presentation of sales tax, and transition. The amendments are intended to make the guidance more operable and lead to more consistent application. The amendments have the same effective date and transition requirements as the new revenue recognition standard. We are continuing to evaluate what impact future adoption of this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for operating leases with terms over twelve months, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in its balance sheet. The standard also requires a lessee to recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, on a generally straight-line basis. It also requires lessees to classify leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. This classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. ASU 2016-02 is effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating what impact the adoption of this update will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Stock Compensation

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” ASU 2016-09 is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statements of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. Early adoption is permitted.

The new standard requires prospective recognition of excess tax benefits and deficiencies resulting from the vesting and exercise of stock awards in the income statement. Previously, these amounts were recognized in additional paid-in-capital. In addition, ASU 2016-09 requires excess tax benefits and deficiencies to be prospectively excluded from the assumed future proceeds in the calculation of diluted shares and to be reported as operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows where they were previously reported in financing activities. We have excess tax benefits of $1.8 million that will increase the deferred tax assets related to our various tax attribute carryforwards when the new guidance is adopted. We expect a corresponding increase to our valuation allowance, consistent with our existing valuation allowance assessment.

Once we adopt this guidance, we will elect to continue to estimate the number of stock-based awards expected to vest, as permitted by ASU 2016-09, rather than electing to account for forfeitures as they occur.

This ASU requires that employee taxes paid when an employer withholds shares for tax-withholding purposes be reported as financing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Previously, these cash flows were included in operating activities. This change was required to be applied on a retrospective basis. We are currently evaluating this piece of the guidance and will plan to make the appropriate changes to the statements of cash flows on a retrospective basis in the first quarter of fiscal 2018.

Cash Flow Statement

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,” ASU 2016-15 provides guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows where diversity in practice exists. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning in our first quarter of fiscal 2019, and early adoption is permitted. ASU 2016-15 must be applied retrospectively to all periods presented but may be applied prospectively if retrospective application would be impracticable. We are currently evaluating what impact the adoption of this update will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In November, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash.” ASU 2016-18 requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash

equivalents when reconciling the beginning and ending balances shown on the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. ASU 2016-18 must be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. We are currently evaluating what impact the adoption of this update will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Intangibles-Goodwill and Other

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), which simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by removing “Step 2” of the two-step impairment test. The amendment requires an entity to perform its annual, or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. A goodwill impairment will be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The guidance is effective for us beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating what impact the adoption of this update will have on our consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We face exposure to financial market risks, including adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates and changes in interest rates. These exposures may change over time as business practices evolve and could have a material adverse impact on our financial results. Our foreign currency exchange exposure is primarily associated with product sales arrangements or settlement of intercompany payables and receivables among subsidiaries and their respective parent company, and/or investment/equity contingency considerations denominated in the local currency where the functional currency of the foreign subsidiary is the U.S. dollar.

Our principal currency exposures relate primarily to the U.S. dollar, the Euro and the Philippine peso. All foreign currency gains and losses are included in other expenses, net, in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For fiscal 2017 we recorded approximately $2.1 million in losses due to the international subsidiary translations and cash settlements of revenues and expenses.

A substantial portion of our earnings are generated by our foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency are other than the U.S. dollar. Therefore, our earnings could be materially impacted by movements in foreign currency exchange rates upon the translation of the subsidiary’s earnings into the U.S. dollar. If the U.S. dollar had strengthened by 10% compared to the Euro, our total revenues would have decreased by $3.0 million and would not have a material impact on operations.

Interest Rate Risk

Exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio of marketable debt securities of various issuers, types and maturities. We do not use derivative instruments in our investment portfolio, and our investment portfolio only includes highly liquid instruments. Our cash and marketable securities include cash equivalents, which we consider to be investments purchased with original maturities of 90 days or less. There is risk that losses could be incurred if we were to sell any securities prior to stated maturity. Given the short maturities and investment grade quality of the portfolio holdings at January 31, 2017, a hypothetical 10% adverse movement in interest rates should not have a material adverse impact on the fair value of our investment portfolio.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Index to the Consolidated Financial Statements


	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		64
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 31, 2017 and 2016		66
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended January 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015		67
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended January 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015		69
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended January 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015		71
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		72
Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves		117

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Shareholders

SeaChange International, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of SeaChange International, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of January 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, cash flows and changes in stockholders’ equity for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2017. Our audits of the basic consolidated financial statements included the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2017, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weaknesses have been identified and included in management’s assessment.

Management disclosed material weaknesses over the effectiveness of controls related to the design of controls around certain professional services revenue recognition and deferred revenue processes and the journal entry

review process at an international subsidiary. In addition, management identified an ineffective control related to currency translation adjustments arising from intercompany notes.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of SeaChange International, Inc. and subsidiaries as of January 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2017 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. The material weaknesses identified above were considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the consolidated financial statements, and does not affect this report which expresses an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. Also in our opinion, because of the effect of the material weaknesses described above on the achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, the Company has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2017, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

April 17, 2017

SEACHANGE INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands, except share data)


	January 31, 2017			January 31, 2016
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	28,302		$	58,733
Restricted cash		109			82
Marketable securities		5,253			1,504
Accounts and other receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $876 and $415 at January 31, 2017 and January 31, 2016, respectively		25,985			26,331
Unbilled receivables		6,553			10,680
Inventories, net		770			1,682
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		2,393			3,827

Total current assets		69,365			102,839
Property and equipment, net		11,485			14,129
Marketable securities, long-term		4,991			10,764
Investments in affiliates		2,000			2,500
Intangible assets, net		2,603			4,126
Goodwill, net		23,287			40,175
Other assets		2,336			3,136

Total assets	$	116,067		$	177,669

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	4,978		$	6,132
Deferred stock consideration		—			3,205
Deferred revenues		12,517			16,201
Other accrued expenses		9,928			17,414

Total current liabilities		27,423			42,952
Deferred revenues, long-term		2,419			1,209
Taxes payable, long-term		1,427			1,389
Deferred tax liabilities, long-term		14,732			—
Other liabilities, long-term		530			1,101

Total liabilities		46,531			46,651

Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 35,339,232 shares issued and 35,298,742 outstanding at January 31, 2017, and 33,818,777 shares issued and 33,778,871 outstanding at January 31, 2016		353			338
Additional paid-in capital		236,677			228,164
Treasury stock, at cost; 40,490 and 39,906 common shares at January 31, 2017 and January 31, 2016, respectively		(5	)		(2	)
Accumulated loss		(162,118	)		(90,869	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(5,371	)		(6,613	)

Total stockholders’ equity		69,536			131,018

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	116,067		$	177,669

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

SEACHANGE INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2017			2016			2015
Revenues:
Products	$	18,205		$	21,896		$	31,507
Services		65,590			85,096			83,928

Total revenues		83,795			106,992			115,435

Cost of revenues:
Products		6,453			6,013			8,845
Services		37,865			44,159			48,272
Provision for loss contract		(4,118	)		9,162			—
Amortization of intangible assets		1,283			739			1,070
Stock-based compensation expense		132			80			141

Total cost of revenues		41,615			60,153			58,328

Gross profit		42,180			46,839			57,107

Operating expenses:
Research and development		30,093			33,696			42,169
Selling and marketing		14,033			15,197			13,920
General and administrative		16,173			15,470			16,014
Amortization of intangible assets		2,019			4,041			4,084
Stock-based compensation expense		2,489			3,472			3,079
Earn-outs and change in fair value of earn-outs		249			—			—
Professional fees—other		347			637			671
Severance and other restructuring costs		7,151			1,061			3,623
Loss on impairment of long-lived assets		23,772			21,464			—

Total operating expenses		96,326			95,038			83,560

Loss from operations		(54,146	)		(48,199	)		(26,453	)

Other expenses, net		(1,972	)		(523	)		(2,161	)
Loss on investment in affiliates		(500	)		(31	)		—

Loss from continuing operations before income taxes and equity income in earnings of affiliates		(56,618	)		(48,753	)		(28,614	)

Income tax provision (benefit)		14,631			(1,029	)		(1,106	)
Equity income in earnings of affiliates, net of tax		—			27			19

Loss from continuing operations		(71,249	)		(47,697	)		(27,489	)

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax		—			—			5

Net loss	$	(71,249	)	$	(47,697	)	$	(27,484	)

Net loss	$	(71,249	)	$	(47,697	)	$	(27,484	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		1,267			(847	)		(3,647	)
Unrealized (loss) gain on marketable securities(1)		(25	)		(12	)		25

Comprehensive loss	$	(70,007	)	$	(48,556	)	$	(31,106	)


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2017			2016			2015
Net loss per share:
Basic	$	(2.04	)	$	(1.42	)	$	(0.84	)

Diluted	$	(2.04	)	$	(1.42	)	$	(0.84	)

Net loss per share from continuing operations:
Basic	$	(2.04	)	$	(1.42	)	$	(0.84	)

Diluted	$	(2.04	)	$	(1.42	)	$	(0.84	)

Net income (loss) per share from discontinued operations:
Basic	$	—		$	—		$	0.00

Diluted	$	—		$	—		$	0.00

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		34,970			33,506			32,772

Diluted		34,970			33,506			32,772

(1)	Tax amounts for all periods were not significant

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

SEACHANGE INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in thousands)


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2017			2016			2015
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(71,249	)	$	(47,697	)	$	(27,484	)
Net income from discontinued operations		—			—			(5	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in continuing operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment		2,953			3,380			3,683
Provision for loss contract		(4,118	)		9,162			—
Amortization of intangible assets		3,302			4,780			5,154
Provision for bad debts		597			58			80
Stock-based compensation expense		2,621			3,552			3,220
Deferred income taxes		14,676			(985	)		(372	)
Loss on impairment of long-lived assets		23,772			21,464			—
Other non-cash reconciling items, net		1,121			139			432
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding impact of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable		42			(1,721	)		3,567
Unbilled receivables		4,694			(4,359	)		(1,993	)
Inventories		806			(937	)		3,183
Prepaid expenses and other assets		1,378			(1,097	)		1,570
Accounts payable		(1,674	)		874			(1,619	)
Accrued expenses		(5,055	)		(2,713	)		1,650
Deferred revenues		(2,417	)		(1,431	)		(5,699	)
Other operating activities		30			(1,132	)		1,289

Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations		(28,521	)		(18,663	)		(13,344	)
Net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations		—			—			5

Total cash used in operating activities		(28,521	)		(18,663	)		(13,339	)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		(683	)		(1,397	)		(1,873	)
Investment in capitalized software		—			(2,440	)		—
Purchases of marketable securities		(2,008	)		(9,033	)		(9,193	)
Proceeds from sale and maturity of marketable securities		4,005			11,043			7,181
Proceeds from (purchase of) cost method investments, net		—			464			(2,000	)
Acquisition of businesses and payment of contingent consideration, net of cash acquired		(5,243	)		(11,686	)		—
Advance for TLL, LLC acquisition		—			—			(2,500	)
Other investing activities		30			(79	)		229

Total cash used in investing activities		(3,899	)		(13,128	)		(8,156	)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		60			193			—
Repurchase of our common stock		—			—			(5,504	)

Total cash provided by (used in) financing activities		60			193			(5,504	)


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2017			2016			2015
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		1,929			312			1,284

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(30,431	)		(31,286	)		(25,715	)

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		58,733			90,019			115,734

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	28,302		$	58,733		$	90,019

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid	$	178		$	640		$	671
Interest paid	$	6		$	6		$	6
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Fair value of common stock issued for acquisition of DCC Labs	$	2,640		$	—		$	—
Fair value of common stock issued for acquisition of TLL, LLC	$	—		$	3,019		$	—
Fair value of common stock issued for deferred stock consideration obligation	$	3,452		$	1,754		$	—
Transfer of items originally classified as inventories to equipment	$	24		$	532		$	474

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

SEACHANGE INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Amounts in thousands, except share amounts)


	Common Stock												Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Treasury Stock
	Number of Shares			Par Value			Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Cumulative Translation Adjustment			Unrealized Gain/Loss on Investments			Number of Shares			Amount			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at January 31, 2014		33,037,671		$	330		$	221,932		$	(15,688	)	$	(2,150	)	$	18			(39,784	)	$	(1	)	$	204,441
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units		287,485			3			(3	)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Purchase of treasury shares		—			—			(5,498	)		—			—			—			(591,520	)		—			(5,498	)
Retirement of shares		(591,520	)		(6	)		—			—			—			—			591,520			—			(6	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—			—			3,220			—			—			—			—			—			3,220
Change in fair value on marketable securities		—			—			—			—			—			25			—			—			25
Translation adjustment		—			—			—			—			(3,647	)		—			—			—			(3,647	)
Net loss		—			—			—			(27,484	)		—			—			—			—			(27,484	)

Balance at January 31, 2015		32,733,636			327			219,651			(43,172	)		(5,797	)		43			(39,784	)		(1	)		171,051
Issuance of common stock pursuant to exercise of stock options		28,740			—			193			—			—			—			—			—			193
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units		278,544			3			(3	)		—			—			—			—			—			—
Issuance of common stock pursuant to the TLL, LLC acquisition		777,857			8			4,771			—			—			—			—			—			4,779
Purchase of treasury shares		—			—			—			—			—			—			(122	)		(1	)		(1	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—			—			3,552			—			—			—			—			—			3,552
Change in fair value on marketable securities		—			—			—			—			—			(12	)		—			—			(12	)
Translation adjustment		—			—			—			—			(847	)		—			—			—			(847	)
Net loss		—			—			—			(47,697	)		—			—			—			—			(47,697	)

Balance at January 31, 2016		33,818,777			338			228,164			(90,869	)		(6,644	)		31			(39,906	)		(2	)		131,018
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units		208,474			2			—			—			—			—			—			—			2
Issuance of common stock pursuant to the TLL, LLC acquisition		542,274			5			3,198			—			—			—			—			—			3,203
Issuance of common stock pursuant to TLL purchase adjustment mechanism		70,473			1			248			—			—			—			—			—			249
Issuance of commons stock pursuant to the acquisition of DCC Labs		681,278			7			2,633			—			—			—			—			—			2,640
Issuance of common stock pursuant to ESPP purchases		17,956			—			61			—			—			—			—			—			61
Purchase of treasury shares		—			—			—			—			—			—			(584	)		(3	)		(3	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—			—			2,621			—			—			—			—			—			2,621
Fiscal 2016 compensation paid in restricted stock units		—			—			(248	)		—			—			—			—			—			(248	)
Change in fair value on marketable securities		—			—			—			—			—			(25	)		—			—			(25	)
Translation adjustment		—			—			—			—			1,267			—			—			—			1,267
Net loss		—			—			—			(71,249	)		—			—			—			—			(71,249	)

Balance at January 31, 2017		35,339,232		$	353		$	236,677		$	(162,118	)	$	(5,377	)	$	6			(40,490	)	$	(5	)	$	69,536

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

SEACHANGE INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Nature of Business

We are an industry leader in the delivery of multiscreen video, advertising and premium over-the-top (“OTT”) video. Our products and services facilitate the aggregation, licensing, management and distribution of video and advertising content to cable television system operators, telecommunications companies, satellite operators and media companies.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are as follows:

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). We consolidate the financial statements of our wholly-owned subsidiaries and all intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated in consolidation. We have reclassified certain prior period data to conform to our current fiscal year presentation.

We also hold minority investments in the capital stock of certain private companies having product offerings or customer relationships that have strategic importance. We evaluate our equity and debt investments and other contractual relationships with affiliate companies to determine whether the guidelines regarding the consolidation of variable interest entities (“VIEs”) should be applied in the financial statements. We use qualitative analysis to determine whether or not we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE. We consider the rights and obligations conveyed by the implicit and explicit variable interest in each VIE and the relationship of these with the variable interests held by other parties to determine whether its variable interests will absorb most of a VIEs expected losses, receive most of its expected residual returns, or both. If we determine that our variable interests will absorb most of the VIEs expected losses, receive most of their expected residual returns, or both, we consolidate the VIE as the primary beneficiary, and if not, it is not consolidated. We have concluded that we are not the primary beneficiary for any VIEs during fiscal 2016.

The Company believes that existing funds and cash provided by future operating activities are adequate to satisfy our working capital, potential acquisitions and capital expenditure requirements and other contractual obligations for the foreseeable future, including at least the next 12 months. However, if our expectations are incorrect, we may need to raise additional funds to fund our operations, to take advantage of unanticipated strategic opportunities or to strengthen our financial position. In the future, we may enter into other arrangements for potential investments in, or acquisitions of, complementary businesses, services or technologies, which could require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. Additional funds may not be available on terms that are favorable.

that had previously been deemed permanently restricted for foreign investment would provide greater flexibility to meet the Company’s working capital needs. Accordingly, in the second quarter of fiscal 2017, we withdrew the permanent reinvestment assertion on $58.6 million of earnings generated by our Irish operations through July 2016. We recorded a deferred tax liability of $14.7 million related to the foreign income taxes on $58.6 million of undistributed earnings.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates these estimates and judgments, including those related to the timing and amounts of revenue recognition, valuation of inventory, collectability of accounts receivable, valuation of investments and income taxes, assumptions used to determine stock-based compensation, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets and related amortization. Management bases these estimates on historical and anticipated results and trends and on various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. By their nature, estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Actual results may differ from management’s estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and on deposit and highly liquid investments in money market mutual funds, government sponsored enterprise obligations, treasury bills, commercial paper and other money market securities with remaining maturities at date of purchase of 90 days or less. All cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

Marketable Securities

We account for investments in accordance with authoritative guidance that defines investment classifications. We determine the appropriate classification of debt securities at the time of purchase and reevaluate such designation as of each balance sheet date. Our investment portfolio consists primarily of money market funds, U.S. treasury notes or bonds and U.S. government agency bonds at January 31, 2017 and 2016, but can consist of corporate debt investments, asset-backed securities and government-sponsored enterprises. Our marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity are computed under the effective interest method and are included in other expenses, net in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Interest on securities is recorded as earned and is also included in other expenses, net. Any realized gains or losses would be shown in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in other expenses, net.

We evaluate our investments on a regular basis to determine whether an other-than-temporary decline in fair value has occurred. This evaluation consists of a review of several factors, including, but not limited to: the length of time and extent that an investment has been in an unrealized loss position; the existence of an event that would impair the issuer’s future earnings potential; and our intent and ability to hold an investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. Declines in value below cost for investments where it is considered probable that all contractual terms of the investment will be satisfied, are due primarily to changes in interest rates, and where the company has the intent and ability to hold the investment for a period sufficient to allow a market recovery, are not assumed to be other-than-temporary. Any other-than-temporary declines in fair value are recorded in earnings and a new cost basis for the investment is established.

Fair Value Measurements

Definition and Hierarchy

The applicable accounting guidance defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The guidance establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands required disclosure about the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities. This guidance requires us to classify and disclose assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as fair value measurements of assets and liabilities measured on a non-recurring basis in periods after initial measurement, in a fair value hierarchy.

The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs, where available. The following summarizes the three levels of inputs required, as well as the assets and liabilities that we value using those levels of inputs:

•

Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•

Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not very active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The fair value measurements of the contingent consideration obligations related to our business acquisitions are valued using Level 3 inputs.

Valuation Techniques

Inputs to valuation techniques are observable and unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. When developing fair value estimates for certain financial assets and liabilities, we maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. When available, we use quoted market prices, market comparables and discounted cash flow projections. Financial assets include money market funds, U.S. treasury notes or bonds and U.S. government agency bonds.

In general, and where applicable, we use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities to determine fair value. If quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities are not available to determine fair value, then we use quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly. In periods of market inactivity, the observability of prices and inputs may be reduced for certain instruments. This condition could cause an instrument to be reclassified from Level 1 to Level 2 or from Level 2 to Level 3.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially expose us to concentrations of credit risk include cash equivalents, investments in treasury bills, certificates of deposits and commercial paper, trade accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. We have cash investment policies which, among other things, limit investments to investment-grade securities. We restrict our cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities to repurchase agreements with major banks and U.S. government and corporate securities which are subject to minimal credit and market risk. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers. As of January 31, 2017, two customers represented more than 10% of consolidated accounts receivable while as of January 31, 2016, one customer did. For fiscal 2017, one customer accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue compared to two customers accounting for more than 10% of our total revenue in fiscal 2016 and 2015.

Accounts Receivable and Allowances for Doubtful Accounts

For trade accounts receivable, we evaluate customers’ financial condition, require advance payments from certain of our customers and maintain reserves for potential credit losses. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of customers’ financial condition but generally do not require collateral. For some international customers, we may require an irrevocable letter of credit to be issued by the customer before the purchase order is accepted. We monitor payments from customers and assess any collection issues. We maintain an allowance for specific doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments and record these allowances as a charge to general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. We base our allowances for doubtful accounts on historical collections and write-off experience, current trends, credit assessments, and other analysis of specific customer situations. At January 31, 2017, we had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $0.9 to provide for potential credit losses. Our allowance for doubtful accounts was $0.4 million at January 31, 2016. We charge off trade accounts receivables against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Recoveries of trade receivables previously charged off are recorded when received.

Inventory Valuation

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. Inventories consist primarily of components and subassemblies and finished products held for sale. The values of inventories are reviewed quarterly to determine that the carrying value is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We record charges to reduce inventory to its net realizable value when impairment is identified through a quarterly review process. The obsolescence evaluation is based upon assumptions and estimates about future demand, or possible alternative uses and involves significant judgments.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consists of land and buildings, office and computer equipment, leasehold improvements, demonstration equipment, deployed assets and spare components and assemblies used to service our installed base. Property and equipment are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, and are depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Determining the useful lives of property and equipment requires us to make significant judgments that can materially impact our operating results. If our estimates require adjustment, it could have a material impact on our reported results.

Demonstration equipment consists of systems manufactured by us for use in marketing and selling activities. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the term of the respective leases using the straight-line method. Deployed assets consist of movie systems owned and manufactured by us that are installed in a hotel environment. Deployed assets are depreciated over the life of the related service agreements. Capitalized service and spare components are depreciated over the estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred.

Generally, property and equipment include assets in service. Fully depreciated assets remaining in service along with related accumulated depreciation are not removed from the balance sheet until the corresponding asset is removed from service either through a retirement or sale. Upon retirement or sale of an asset or asset group, the cost of the assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognized in other expenses, net in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Investments in Affiliates

We periodically review indicators of the fair value of our investments in affiliates to assess whether available facts or circumstances, both internally and externally, may suggest an other-than-temporary decline in the value of the investment. If we determine that an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred, we will write-down the investment to its fair value. The carrying value of an investment in an affiliate accounted for under the cost method of accounting may be affected by the affiliate’s ability to obtain adequate funding and execute its business plans, general market conditions, its current cash position, earnings and cash flow forecasts, recent operational performance, and any other readily available data. We record an impairment charge when we believe an investment has experienced a decline in value that is other-than-temporary. In January 2017, we recorded a $0.5 million impairment charge to loss on impairment of long-lived assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for one of our cost-method investments as we determined that the fair value of the investment was below its carrying value and that the carrying value was not expected to be recoverable within a reasonable amount of time (see Note 3, “Fair Value Measurements” to this Form 10-K for more information).

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible assets consist of customer contracts, completed technology, non-compete agreements, trademarks, backlogs and patents. The intangible assets are amortized to cost of sales and operating expenses, as appropriate, on a straight-line or accelerated basis, using the economic consumption life basis, to reflect the period that the assets will be consumed, which are:


Intangible assets with finite useful lives:
Customer contracts		1 - 8 years
Non-compete agreements		2 - 3 years
Completed technology		4 - 6 years
Trademarks, patents and other		5 - 7 years

Goodwill is recorded when the consideration for an acquisition exceeds the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired.

Impairment of Assets

Indefinite-lived intangible assets, such as goodwill, are not amortized but are evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit level annually, in our third quarter beginning August 1^st. Indefinite-lived intangible assets may be tested for impairment on an interim basis in addition to the annual evaluation if an event occurs or circumstances change such as declines in sales, earnings or cash flows, decline in the Company’s stock price, or material adverse changes in the business climate, which would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.

The process of evaluating indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment requires several judgments and assumptions to be made to determine the fair value, including the method used to determine fair value, discount rates, expected levels of cash flows, revenues and earnings, and the selection of comparable companies used to develop market-based assumptions. We may employ the three generally accepted approaches for valuing businesses: the market approach, the income approach and the asset-based (cost) approach to arrive at the fair

value. The choice of which approach and methods to use in a particular situation depends on the facts and circumstances.

We also evaluate property and equipment, intangible assets with finite useful lives and other long-lived assets on a regular basis for the existence of facts or circumstances, both internal and external that may suggest an asset is not recoverable. If such circumstances exist, we evaluate the carrying value of long-lived assets to determine if impairment exists based upon estimated undiscounted future cash flows over the remaining useful life of the assets and compare that value to the carrying value of the assets. Our cash flow estimates contain management’s best estimates, using appropriate and customary assumptions and projections at the time.

In the third quarter of fiscal 2017, we finalized our “Step 1” analysis of our annual goodwill impairment test. Our forecast indicated that the estimated fair value of net assets may be less than its carrying value which is a potential indicator of impairment. As such, we were required to perform “Step 2” of the impairment test during which we compared the implied fair value of our goodwill to its carrying value. We completed the goodwill impairment testing of our reporting unit during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017. Since the implied fair value of goodwill was determined to be lower than its carrying value, we recorded an impairment charge of $23.5 million to loss on impairment of long-lived assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss (see Note 6, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets” to this Form 10-K for more information).

In January 2017, after a potential buyer declined to purchase our facility in Greenville, New Hampshire, we determined that the sale of this facility was not imminent due to the location of the building and the overall market conditions in the area. Consequently, we decided to fully impair the facility since we felt the carrying amount was greater than the fair value. As a result, we recorded a $0.3 million loss on impairment of long-lived assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, a certain cost-method investment was determined to be impaired and written off. Accordingly, we recorded a $0.5 million impairment charge in January 2017 which is included in loss on investment in affiliates in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The cost-method investment is a privately-held entity without quoted market prices and therefore, falls within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the use of significant unobservable inputs to determine its fair value. In determining the fair value of this cost-method investment, we considered many factors including, but not limited to, operating performance of the investee, the amount of cash that the investee has on hand and the overall market conditions in which the investee operates.

As of January 31, 2016, the Company reviewed the projected future cash flows of the Timeline Labs operations and determined that the carrying amount was greater than the fair value. As a result, all long-term assets related to Timeline Labs were fully impaired and reflected as a $21.9 million loss on impairment of long-lived assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2016 which included: i) $15.8 million relating to the Timeline Labs acquired goodwill, ii) $5.2 million of acquired intangible assets, and iii) $0.9 million of capitalized internal use software. Additionally, we reduced the contingent consideration liability associated with the Timeline Labs acquisition to zero, as we determined the defined performance criteria would not be achieved. Therefore, we recorded the reversal of the liability of $0.4 million to the loss on impairment of long-lived assets. The amount of goodwill impaired represented all the goodwill that resulted from this acquisition due to the short duration of time between the acquisition and the event causing us to impair the assets.

Income Taxes

enacted or substantially-enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.

Restructuring

Restructuring charges that we record consist of employee-related severance charges, termination costs and the disposal of related equipment. Restructuring charges represent our best estimate of the associated liability at the date the charges are recognized. Adjustments for changes in assumptions are recorded as a component of operating expenses in the period they become known. Differences between actual and expected charges and changes in assumptions could have a material effect on our restructuring accrual as well as our consolidated results of operations. See Note 7, “Severance and Other Restructuring Costs,” to this Form 10-K for more information on the current restructuring plan.

Foreign Currency Translation

stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions, and any unrealized gains and losses on short-term intercompany transactions are included in other expenses, net.

For subsidiaries where the local currency is designated as the functional currency, we translate their assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars (the reporting currency) at current exchange rates as of each balance sheet date. Revenue and expense items are translated using average exchange rates during the period. Cumulative translation adjustments are presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Exchange gains and losses on foreign currency transactions and unrealized gains and losses on short-term inter-company transactions are included in other expenses, net.

The aggregate foreign exchange transaction losses included in other expenses, net, on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, were $2.1 million, $0.7 million and approximately $2.3 million for fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Comprehensive Loss

We present accumulated other comprehensive loss in our consolidated balance sheets and comprehensive loss in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. At the end of fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, our comprehensive loss of $70.0 million, $48.6 million and $31.1 million consists of net loss, cumulative translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities.

Revenue Recognition

•

persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists;

•

delivery has occurred, and title and risk of loss have passed to the customer;

•

fees are fixed or determinable; and

•

collection of the related receivable is considered probable.

complete a project and the complexity of the development and other technical work to be completed. Due to the size and nature of many of our contracts, the estimation of total revenues and cost at completion is complicated and subject to many variables. Assumptions must be made regarding the length of time to complete the contract because costs also include estimated third-party vendor and contract labor costs. Penalties related to performance on contracts are considered in estimating sales and profit, and are recorded when there is sufficient information for us to assess anticipated performance. Third-party vendors’ assertions are also assessed and considered in estimating costs and margin.

Revenue from the sale of software-only products remains within the scope of the software revenue recognition rules. Maintenance and support, training, consulting, and installation services no longer fall within the scope of the software revenue recognition rules, except when they are sold with and relate to a software-only product. Revenue recognition for products that no longer fall under the scope of the software revenue recognition rules is like that for other tangible products and Accounting Standard Update No. (“ASU”) 2009-13, “Revenue Recognition (Topic 605): Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements,” amended ASC 605 and is applicable for multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements. ASU 2009-13 allows companies to allocate revenue in a multiple-deliverable arrangement in a manner that better reflects the transaction’s economics.

conditions, such as the impact of competition and geographic considerations, and entity-specific factors, such as the cost of the product, discounts provided and profit objectives. Management believes that BESP is reflective of reasonable pricing of that deliverable as if priced on a stand-alone basis.

For our cloud and managed service revenues, we generate revenue from two sources: (1) subscription and support services; and (2) professional services and other. Subscription and support revenue includes subscription fees from customers accessing our cloud-based software platform and support fees. Our arrangements with customers do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the software supporting the cloud-based software platform at any time. Professional services and other revenue include fees from implementation and customization to support customer requirements. Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in accounts receivable and in deferred revenue or revenue, depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met. For the most part, subscription and support agreements are entered into for 12 to 36 months. Generally, most of the professional services components of the arrangements with customers are performed within a year of entering a contract with the customer.

In determining when to recognize revenue from a customer arrangement, we are often required to exercise judgment regarding the application of our accounting policies to an arrangement. The primary judgments used in evaluating revenue recognized in each period involve: determining whether collection is probable, assessing whether the fee is fixed or determinable, and determining the fair value of the maintenance and service elements included in multiple-element software arrangements. Such judgments can materially impact the amount of revenue that we record in a given period. While we follow specific and detailed rules and guidelines related to revenue recognition, we make and use significant management judgments and estimates about the revenue recognized in any reporting period, particularly in the areas described above. If management made different estimates or judgments, material differences in the timing of the recognition of revenue could occur.

Stock-based Compensation

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are charged to expense as incurred. Advertising costs were $0.1 million for fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share are presented in accordance with authoritative guidance which requires the presentation of “basic” earnings per share and “diluted” earnings per share. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing earnings available to common shareholders by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding during the period. For the purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share, the denominator includes both the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period and the weighted average number of potential shares of common stock, such as stock options and restricted stock, calculated using the treasury stock method. For calculating diluted loss per share, we do not include these shares in the denominator because these shares would have an anti-dilutive effect on periods in which we incur a net loss. Certain shares of our common stock have exercise prices in excess of the average market price. These shares are anti-dilutive and are omitted from the calculation of earnings per share. For more information on this see Note 14., “Net Loss Per Share,” to this Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Updates—Not Yet Adopted

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)

Subsequently, the FASB issued ASUs in 2016 containing implementation guidance related to ASU 2014-09. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net),” which finalizes its amendments to the guidance in the new revenue standard on assessing whether an entity is a principal or an agent in a revenue transaction. This conclusion impacts whether an entity reports revenue on a gross or net basis. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08 “Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” which finalizes its amendments to the guidance in the new revenue standard regarding the identification of performance obligations and accounting for the license of intellectual property. And in May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, “Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients” which finalizes its amendments to the guidance in the new revenue standard on collectability, noncash consideration, presentation of sales tax, and transition. The amendments are intended to make the guidance more operable and lead to more consistent application. The amendments have the same effective date and transition requirements as the new revenue recognition standard. We are continuing to evaluate what impact future adoption of this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Leases

Stock Compensation

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” ASU 2016-09 intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statements of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. Early adoption is permitted.

Cash Flow Statement

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash.” ASU 2016-18 requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts

generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning and ending balances shown on the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and early adoption is permitted. ASU 2016-18 must be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. We are currently evaluating what impact the adoption of this update will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Intangibles-Goodwill and Other

3. Fair Value Measurements

Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following tables set forth our financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of January 31, 2017 and January 31, 2016. There were no fair value measurements of our financial assets and liabilities using significant level 3 inputs for the periods presented:


			Fair Value at January 31, 2017 Using
	January 31, 2017		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
	(Amounts in thousands)
Financial assets:
Money market accounts (a)	$	2,726	$	2,726	$	—
Available-for-sale marketable securities:
Current marketable securities:
U.S. treasury notes and bonds—conventional		4,253		4,253		—
U.S. government agency issues		1,000		—		1,000
Non-current marketable securities:
U.S. treasury notes and bonds—conventional		1,997		1,997		—
U.S. government agency issues		2,994		—		2,994

Total	$	12,970	$	8,976	$	3,994


			Fair Value at January 31, 2016 Using
	January 31, 2016		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
	(Amounts in thousands)
Financial assets:
Money market accounts (a)	$	3,654	$	3,654	$	—
Available-for-sale marketable securities:
Current marketable securities:
U.S. treasury notes and bonds—conventional		502		502		—
U.S. government agency issues		1,002		—		1,002
Non-current marketable securities:
U.S. treasury notes and bonds—conventional		7,762		7,762		—
U.S. government agency issues		3,002		—		3,002

Total	$	15,922	$	11,918	$	4,004

a)	Money market funds and U.S. treasury bills are included in cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are valued at quoted market prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis relate primarily to our tangible property and equipment, goodwill, and other intangible assets, which are re-measured when the derived fair value is below carrying value on our consolidated balance sheets. For these assets and liabilities, we do not periodically adjust carrying value to fair value except in the event of impairment. When we determine that impairment has occurred, the carrying value of the asset is reduced to fair value and the difference is recorded to loss from impairment of long-lived assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

In the third quarter of fiscal 2017, we finalized our “Step 1” analysis of our annual goodwill impairment test. Our forecast indicated that the estimated fair value of our reporting unit’s net assets may be less than its carrying value which is a potential indicator of impairment. As such, we were required to perform “Step 2” of the impairment test during which we compared the implied fair value of our goodwill to its carrying value. We completed the goodwill impairment testing of our reporting unit during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 and recorded an impairment charge of $23.5 million to loss on impairment of long-lived assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss (see Note 6, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets” to this Form 10-K for more information). This impairment was determined based on Level 2 inputs, as we used a third-party valuation firm to assist in the calculation of fair value.

In January 2017, after a potential buyer declined to purchase our facility in Greenville, New Hampshire, we determined that the sale of this facility was not imminent due to the location of the building and the overall market conditions in the area and decided to fully impair the facility because the carrying amount was greater than the fair value. As a result, we recorded a $0.3 million loss on impairment of long-lived assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

We also have direct investments in privately-held companies accounted for under the cost-method of accounting, of which we do not have significant influence over their operating and financial activities. Management periodically assesses these investments for other-than-temporary impairment considering available information provided by the investees and any other readily available market data. If we determine that an other-than-

temporary impairment has occurred, we write-down the investment to its fair value. This impairment was determined based on Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the use of significant unobservable inputs to determine fair value.

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, we determined that the fair value of a certain cost-method investments was less than its carrying value. Accordingly, we recorded a $0.5 million impairment charge in January 2017 which is included in loss on investment in affiliates in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The cost-method investment is a privately-held entity without quoted market prices and therefore, falls within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the use of significant unobservable inputs to determine its fair value. In determining the fair value of this cost-method investment, we considered many factors including, but not limited to, operating performance of the investee, the amount of cash that the investee has on hand and the overall market conditions in which the investee operates.

Available-for-Sale Securities

We determine the appropriate classification of debt investment securities at the time of purchase and reevaluate such designation as of each balance sheet date. Our investment portfolio consists of money market funds, U.S. treasury notes and bonds, and U.S. government agency notes and bonds as of January 31, 2017 and 2016. All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased are cash equivalents. All cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Our marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. The amortization of premiums and accretions of discounts to maturity are computed under the effective interest method and is included in other expenses, net, in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Interest on securities is recorded as earned and is also included in other expenses, net. Any realized gains or losses would be shown in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in other expenses, net. We provide fair value measurement disclosures of available-for-sale securities in accordance with one of three levels of fair value measurement mentioned above.

The following is a summary of cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, including the cost basis, aggregate fair value and unrealized gains and losses, for short-and long-term marketable securities portfolio as of January 31, 2017 and 2016:


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
	(Amounts in thousands)
January 31, 2017:
Cash	$	25,576	$	—	$	—		$	25,576
Cash equivalents		2,726		—		—			2,726

Cash and cash equivalents		28,302		—		—			28,302

U.S. treasury notes and bonds—short-term		4,248		5		—			4,253
U.S. treasury notes and bonds—long-term		2,003		—		(6	)		1,997
U.S. government agency issues—short-term		991		9		—			1,000
U.S. government agency issues—long-term		2,996		—		(2	)		2,994

Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	38,540	$	14	$	(8	)	$	38,546

January 31, 2016:
Cash	$	55,079	$	—	$	—		$	55,079
Cash equivalents		3,654		—		—			3,654

Cash and cash equivalents		58,733		—		—			58,733

U.S. treasury notes and bonds—short-term		503		—		(1	)		502
U.S. treasury notes and bonds—long-term		7,756		6		—			7,762
U.S. government agency issues—short-term		1,001		1		—			1,002
U.S. government agency issues—long-term		2,977		25		—			3,002

Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	70,970	$	32	$	(1	)	$	71,001

The gross realized gains and losses on sale of available-for-sale securities for fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015 were immaterial. For purposes of determining gross realized gains and losses, the cost of securities sold is based on specific identification.

Contractual maturities of available-for-sale debt securities at January 31, 2017 are as follows (amounts in thousands):


	Estimated Fair Value
Maturity of one year or less	$	5,253
Maturity between one and five years		4,991

Total	$	10,244

We concluded that there were no other-than-temporary declines of available-for-sale securities as of January 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. The unrealized holding losses, net of tax, on available-for-sale securities, which are not material for the periods presented, have been included in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments in money market mutual funds, government sponsored enterprise obligations, treasury bills, commercial paper and other money market securities with remaining maturities at date of purchase of 90 days or less.

The fair value of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and marketable securities at January 31, 2017 and 2016 was $38.7 million and $71.1 million, respectively.

Restricted Cash

At times, we may be required to maintain cash held as collateral for performance obligations with our customers which we classify as restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets. As of January 31, 2017 and 2016, we had $0.1 million in restricted cash related to performance obligations.

4. Acquisitions and Loss on Impairment of TLL, LLC

DCC Labs

The acquisition of DCC Labs enables us to optimize the operations of our In-Home business, which develops home video gateway software including SeaChange’s Nucleus and NitroX products. In addition, the acquisition brings market-ready products, including an optimized television software stack for Europe’s Digital Video Broadcasting community and an HTML5 framework for building additional user experience client applications across a variety of CPE devices, including Android TV STBs, tablets, mobile and compute devices.

We accounted for the acquisition of DCC Labs as a business combination, which requires us to record the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value. The amount by which the purchase price exceeds the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. We engaged an independent appraiser to assist management in assessing the fair values of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the amount of goodwill to be recognized as of the acquisition date. Assets acquired in the acquisition include receivables, prepaid expenses and property and equipment while liabilities assumed include accounts payable, other accrued expenses, deferred taxes and income taxes payable. The amounts recorded for these assets and liabilities are final based on information obtained about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date.

The allocation of purchase price was as follows (amounts in thousands):


Estimated Fair value of consideration:
Cash, net of cash acquired	$	5,243
Stock consideration		2,640

Total purchase price	$	7,883


Estimated Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Current assets		826
Other long-term assets		116
Finite-life intangible assets		810
Goodwill		7,255
Current liabilities		(618	)
Other long-term liabilities		(506	)

Allocated purchase price	$	7,883

Acquired Goodwill

We finalized the purchase price allocation in January 2017 after we received additional information from the independent appraiser related to the fair value of identifiable intangible assets and deferred tax liabilities. As a result, we recorded measurement period adjustments during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 that resulted in a $1.9 million net increase in goodwill. We recorded the $7.3 million excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identified tangible and intangible assets as goodwill, primarily due to expected synergies between the combined companies and expanded market opportunities. The goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.

Intangible Assets

In determining the fair value of the intangible assets, the Company considered, among other factors, the intended use of the assets and the estimates of future performance of DCC Labs, based on analyses of historical financial performance. The fair values of identified intangible assets were calculated using an income-based approach based on estimates and assumptions provided by DCC Labs’ and the Company’s management.

The following table sets forth the components of the identified intangible assets associated with the DCC Labs acquisition and their estimated useful lives:


	Useful life		Fair Value
			(Amounts in thousands)
Tradename		4 years	$	60
Customer contracts		2 years		230
Non-compete agreements		2 years		30
Existing technology		3 years		490

			$	810

Impact to Fiscal 2017 Financial Results

DCC Labs’ financial results have been included in our consolidated financial results only for the period from the May 5, 2016 acquisition date through January 31, 2017. As a result, our consolidated financial results for fiscal 2017 do not reflect a full year of DCC Labs’ results. From the May 5, 2016 acquisition date through January 31, 2017, DCC Labs generated revenue of $0.7 million and an operating loss of $4.7 million, which includes a loss on impairment of long-lived assets of $3.4 million which was recorded in January 2017 as a result of our annual goodwill impairment test at August 1, 2016.

Acquisition-related Costs

In connection with the acquisition, we incurred approximately $0.2 million in acquisition-related costs, including legal, accounting and other professional services for fiscal 2017. The acquisition costs were expensed as incurred and included in professional fees—other, in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017.

TLL, LLC

We accounted for the acquisition of Timeline Labs as a business combination and the financial results of Timeline Labs have been included in our consolidated financial statements as of the date of acquisition. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase price was allocated to SeaChange’s net tangible and intangible assets based upon their fair values as of February 2, 2015.

The allocation of the purchase price was as follows (amounts in thousands):


Fair value of consideration:
Cash, net of cash acquired	$	14,186
Closing stock consideration		3,019
Deferred stock consideration		4,959
Contingent consideration		475

Total purchase price	$	22,639


Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Current assets		95
Other long-term assets		108
Finite-life intangible assets		6,720
Goodwill		15,787
Current liabilities		(71	)

Allocated purchase price	$	22,639

Fair Value of Consideration Transferred

Upon completion of the acquisition, the Company made cash consideration payments to the former members of Timeline Labs in the amount of $14.2 million (“Closing Cash Consideration”). The Closing Cash Consideration included $1.4 million deposited in escrow to secure certain indemnification obligations of the former members of Timeline Labs under the Merger Agreement. Also upon completion of the acquisition, the Company issued 344,055 shares of common stock to the former members of Timeline Labs and deposited 173,265 shares of common stock into the indemnification escrow.

On August 3, 2015, we issued 260,537 shares of our common stock with a value of $1.8 million to the former members of Timeline Labs, in satisfaction of the six-month deferred stock consideration obligation pursuant to the Merger Agreement. In satisfaction of the twelve-month deferred stock consideration obligation pursuant to the Merger Agreement, on February 2, 2016, we issued 542,274 shares of our common stock with a value of $3.2 million and in May 2016, pursuant to an adjustment mechanism based on the stock price provided for in the Merger Agreement with respect to deferred stock consideration issuances, we issued an additional 70,473 shares of our common stock with a value of $0.2 million.

Contingent Consideration

The former interest holders of Timeline Labs were eligible to receive earn-out compensation, consisting of shares of our common stock, if defined performance criteria were achieved for fiscal 2016 and 2017. We recorded a liability of $3.2 million in February 2015 in our consolidated balance sheets that represented the fair value of the estimated shares at full achievement of the defined performance criteria on the date of acquisition. As of January 31, 2016, the Company determined that the defined performance criteria would not be achieved and the liability was reduced to zero with a $0.4 million reversal of liability credited to loss on impairment of TLL, LLC net assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2016.

Intangible Assets

In determining the fair value of the intangible assets, the Company considered, among other factors, the intended use of the assets, the estimates of future performance of Timeline Lab’s products and analyses of historical financial performance. The fair values of identified intangible assets were calculated using an income-based approach based on estimates and assumptions provided by Timeline Labs’ and the Company’s management.

The following table sets forth the components of the identified intangible assets associated with the Timeline Labs acquisition and their estimated useful lives:


	Useful life		Fair Value
			(Amounts in thousands)
Tradename		7 years	$	620
Customer contracts		7 years		4,760
Non-compete agreements		2 years		170
Existing technology		5 years		1,170

			$	6,720

Acquired Goodwill

We finalized the purchase price allocation in January 2016. We recorded the $15.8 million excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identified tangible and intangible assets as goodwill, primarily due to expected synergies between the combined companies and expanded market opportunities. The goodwill was considered deductible for tax purposes.

Acquisition-related Costs

In connection with the acquisition, we incurred approximately $0.1 million in acquisition-related costs, including legal, accounting and other professional services for fiscal 2016. The acquisition costs were expensed as incurred and included in professional fees—other, in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Loss on Impairment of TLL, LLC

In January 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a restructuring plan, as previously reported in a Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 17, 2016. Based on the decision to enter the restructuring plan and the plan’s impact on the projected future cash flows of the Timeline Labs operations, we determined that the carrying amount of all long-term assets that resulted from the February 2015 acquisition had exceeded the fair value as of January 31, 2016. As a result, these long-term assets were deemed fully impaired and we recorded the $21.9 million net book value of these long-term assets as a component of loss on impairment of long-lived assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2016. Additionally, we reduced the contingent consideration liability associated with the Timeline Labs acquisition to zero, as we determined that the defined performance criteria would not be achieved, and credited the reversal of the liability of $0.4 million to loss on impairment of long-lived assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2016. In addition, we incurred $0.7 million in severance and restructuring charges in February 2016 related to the cost-saving actions taken with respect to the Timeline Labs business.

5. Consolidated Balance Sheet Detail

Inventories, net

Inventories consist primarily of hardware and related component parts and are stated at the lower of cost (on a first-in, first-out basis) or market. Inventories consist of the following:


	January 31,
	2017		2016
	(Amounts in thousands)
Components and assemblies	$	500	$	1,223
Finished products		270		459

Total inventories, net	$	770	$	1,682

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consists of the following:


	Estimated Useful Life (Years)		January 31,
	Estimated Useful Life (Years)		2017			2016
			(Amounts in thousands)
Land			$	2,780		$	2,880
Buildings		20		11,726			11,908
Office furniture and equipment		5		1,091			1,099
Computer equipment, software and demonstration equipment		3		18,194			18,639
Service and spare components		5		1,158			1,158
Leasehold improvements		1-7		1,064			1,087

				36,013			36,771
Less—Accumulated depreciation and amortization				(24,528	)		(22,642	)

Total property and equipment, net			$	11,485		$	14,129

Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment was $3.0 million, $3.4 million and $3.7 million for the years ended January 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Other accrued expenses

Other accrued expenses consist of the following:


	January 31,
	2017		2016
	(Amounts in thousands)
Accrued compensation and commissions	$	1,799	$	1,676
Accrued bonuses		1,871		2,902
Accrued restructuring		1,023		—
Employee benefits		885		1,484
Accrued provision for contract loss(1)		168		6,497
Accrued other		4,182		4,855

Total other accrued expenses	$	9,928	$	17,414

(1)	Includes a reduction to the provision for loss contract of $4.1 million recorded in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 resulting from an amendment to a contract with a fixed-price customer which changed the scope of the project and add the remaining costs and revenue to complete the project.

6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill, net

At January 31, 2017 and 2016, we had goodwill of $23.3 million and $40.2 million, respectively. The following table represents the changes in goodwill for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017 (amounts in thousands):


Balance as of February 1, 2016:
Goodwill, gross	$	55,962
Accumulated impairment losses		(15,787	)

Goodwill, net		40,175
Acquisition of DCC Labs		7,255
Goodwill impairment charge		(23,492	)
Cumulative translation adjustment		(651	)

Balance as of January 31, 2017
Goodwill, gross		61,707
Accumulated impairment losses		(39,279	)

Goodwill, net	$	23,287

The valuation of goodwill related to the DCC Labs acquisition was finalized in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 based on the final allocation of the purchase price.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2017, triggering events prompted us to perform “Step 1” of the goodwill impairment test. The triggering events included; a sustained decrease in our stock price during the period, the withdrawal of the permanent reinvestment assertion on earnings generated by our Irish operations (see Note 12, “Income Taxes” to this Form 10-K for more information) and a decline in actual revenue for the quarter compared to projected amounts, which was previously reported in a Current Report on Form 8-K furnished to the SEC on August 23, 2016. The outcome of that preliminary “Step 1” analysis revealed that as of July 31, 2016, the fair value of the net assets exceeded its carrying value by a range of $15.4 million to $25.0 million, or 15.0% to 24.4% of the carrying value of our net assets.

We determined based on “Step 1” of our fiscal 2017 annual impairment test, that the fair value of our reporting unit was less than its carrying value, which was $102.5 million at August 1, 2016. Since the estimated fair value of our reporting unit was less than its carrying value, we determined that it was necessary to perform “Step 2” of the impairment test. In “Step 2” of the impairment test we compared the implied fair value of our goodwill to its carrying value. After adjusting the carrying value of all assets, liabilities and equity to fair value at August 1, 2016, the estimated implied fair value of goodwill was calculated to be $22.3 million. Since the implied fair value of goodwill of $22.3 million is less than the carrying value of $45.8 million as of August 1, 2016, we recorded an impairment charge of $23.5 million to loss on impairment of long-lived assets in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Intangible assets, net

Intangible assets, net, consisted of the following at January 31, 2017 and 2016:


			January 31, 2017							January 31, 2016
	Weighted average remaining life (Years)		Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net
	(Amounts in thousands)
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Customer contracts		2.4	$	30,056	$	(28,019	)	$	2,037	$	29,956	$	(26,284	)	$	3,672
Non-compete agreements		1.3		2,374		(2,356	)		18		2,365		(2,365	)		—
Completed technology		2.4		10,496		(9,997	)		499		10,075		(9,621	)		454
Trademarks, patents and other		3.3		7,125		(7,076	)		49		7,068		(7,068	)		—

Total finite-lived intangible assets		2.4	$	50,051	$	(47,448	)	$	2,603	$	49,464	$	(45,338	)	$	4,126

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $3.3 million, $4.8 million and $5.2 million for fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The total amortization expense for each of the next five fiscal years is as follows (amounts in thousands):


For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,	Estimated Amortization Expense
2018	$	1,412
2019		931
2020		257
2021		3
2022		—
2023 and thereafter		—

Total	$	2,603

Actual amortization may differ from estimated amounts in the table above due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, additional intangible asset acquisitions, potential impairment, accelerated amortization, or other events.

7. Severance and Other Restructuring Costs

Restructuring Costs

During fiscal 2017, we incurred restructuring charges totaling $5.7 million primarily from employee-related benefits for terminated employees and costs to close facilities.

The following table shows the change in balances of our accrued restructuring reported as a component of other accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2017 (amounts in thousands):


	Employee- Related Benefits			Closure of Leased Facilities			Other Restructuring			Total
Accrual balance as of January 31, 2016	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Restructuring charges incurred		4,543			509			603			5,655
Cash payments		(3,741	)		(379	)		(495	)		(4,615	)
Other charges		(17	)		—			—			(17	)

Accrual balance as of January 31, 2017	$	785		$	130		$	108		$	1,023

During the third quarter of fiscal 2017, we implemented a restructuring program (“Fiscal 2017 Restructuring Plan”) with the purpose of reducing costs and assisting in restoring SeaChange to profitability and positive cash flow. The total estimated restructuring costs associated with the Fiscal 2017 Restructuring Plan are anticipated to be approximately $5.1 million and will be recorded in severance and other restructuring costs in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as they are incurred. We recorded $3.1 million of restructuring expense in connection with this plan during fiscal 2017, which was primarily made up of employee-related costs, and we expect to incur most of the estimated remaining costs in the first half of fiscal 2018. Any changes to the estimate of executing the Fiscal 2017 Restructuring Plan will be reflected in our future results of operations.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2017, we restructured our operations in connection with the acquisition of DCC Labs. This restructuring resulted in a workforce reduction within our In-Home engineering and services organization and in the closing of our facility in Portland, Oregon. We incurred charges totaling $1.9 million in severance and other restructuring costs during fiscal 2017 related to the acquisition of DCC Labs. Once we complete our integration plan, any further reduction in workforce may result in additional restructuring charges.

Because of restructuring activities relating to our Timeline Labs operations in fiscal 2017, we incurred $0.7 million of charges, which include $0.4 million in severance to former Timeline Labs employees and $0.3 million in other restructuring charges relating to our remaining lease obligation of our Timeline Labs facilities in San Francisco and Santa Monica, California.

Severance Costs

During fiscal 2017, we incurred severance charges of $1.5 million primarily from the departure of our former Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) during the first half of fiscal 2017 as well as the termination of 13 other former employees.

Effective April 6, 2016, we terminated the employment of Jay Samit, our former CEO. In connection with his termination, Mr. Samit and SeaChange entered a Separation Agreement and Release of Claims (the “CEO Separation Agreement”). Under the terms of the CEO Separation Agreement and consistent with our pre-existing obligations to Mr. Samit in connection with a termination without cause, we incurred a charge of $1.0 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, which included $0.2 million for satisfaction of his remaining fiscal 2016 and 2017 annual bonuses and $0.8 million in severance payable in twelve equal monthly installments which will be completed in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. In addition, on July 6, 2016, Anthony Dias resigned as CFO of SeaChange, though he continued as an employee until July 31, 2016. In connection with his resignation, Mr. Dias and SeaChange entered an Employment Separation Agreement and Voluntary Release, dated July 6, 2016 (the “CFO Separation Agreement”). Under the terms of the CFO Separation Agreement, we incurred a charge of $0.2 million, which included his fiscal 2017 pro-rated bonus (paid in fiscal 2018) and six months’ base salary as severance payable in twelve equal semi-monthly installments, which was completed as of January 31, 2017.

8. Commitments and Contingencies

Indemnification and Warranties

We provide indemnification, to the extent permitted by law, to our officers, directors, employees and agents for liabilities arising from certain events or occurrences while the officer, director, employee or agent is, or was, serving at our request in such capacity. With respect to acquisitions, we provide indemnification to, or assume indemnification obligations for, the current and former directors, officers and employees of the acquired companies in accordance with the acquired companies’ governing documents. As a matter of practice, we have maintained directors’ and officers’ liability insurance including coverage for directors and officers of acquired companies.

property infringement claims brought by a third-party with respect to our products. From time to time, we also indemnify customers and business partners for damages, losses and liabilities they may suffer or incur relating to personal injury, personal property damage, product liability, and environmental claims relating to the use of our products and services or resulting from the acts or omissions of us, our employees, authorized agents or subcontractors. From time to time, we have received requests from customers for indemnification of patent litigation claims. Management cannot reasonably estimate any potential losses, but these claims could result in material liability for us. There are no current pending legal proceedings, in the opinion of management that would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results from operations and cash flows. There is no assurance that future legal proceedings arising from ordinary course of business or otherwise, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results from operations or cash flows.

We warrant that our products, including software products, will substantially perform in accordance with our standard published specifications in effect at the time of delivery. In addition, we provide maintenance support to our customers and therefore allocate a portion of the product purchase price to the initial warranty period and recognize revenue on a straight-line basis over that warranty period related to both the warranty obligation and the maintenance support agreement. When we receive revenue for extended warranties beyond the standard duration, it is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period. Related costs are expensed as incurred.

Revolving Line of Credit/Demand Note Payable

Operating Leases

We lease certain of our operating facilities, automobiles and office equipment under non-cancelable operating leases, which expire at various dates through fiscal 2023. Leases for our facilities typically contain standard commercial lease provisions, including renewal options and rent escalation clauses. Rental expense under operating leases was $2.4 million, $2.7 million and $2.9 million for fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Future commitments under minimum lease payments as of January 31, 2017 are as follows (amounts in thousands):


For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,	Operating Leases
2018	$	1,826
2019		1,604
2020		1,234
2021		747
2022		461
2023 and thereafter		116

Minimum operating lease payments	$	5,988

9. Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Authorization

The Board of Directors is authorized to issue from time to time up to an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, in one or more series. Each such series of preferred stock shall have the number of shares, designations, preferences, voting powers, qualifications and special or relative rights or privileges to be determined by the Board of Directors, including dividend rights, voting rights, redemption rights and sinking fund provisions, liquidation preferences, conversion rights and preemptive rights. No preferred stock has been issued as of January 31, 2017.

Stock Option Plans

2011 Compensation and Incentive Plan.

In July 2011, our stockholders approved the adoption of our 2011 Compensation and Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”). Under the 2011 Plan, as amended in July 2013, the number of shares of common stock authorized for grant is equal to 5,300,000 shares plus the number of shares that were expired, terminated, surrendered or forfeited subsequent to July 20, 2011 under the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation and Incentive Plan (the “2005 Plan”). Following approval of the 2011 Plan, we terminated the 2005 Plan. The 2011 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), deferred stock units (“DSUs”) and other equity based non-stock option awards as determined by the plan administrator to officers, employees, consultants, and directors of the Company. On July 13, 2016, our stockholders approved an amendment to the 2011 Plan which:

•

Approved the removal of minimum vesting periods for stock option, RSU and other stock-based awards, but excluding restricted stock, under the 2011 Plan; and

•

Approved the material terms of the performance goals of the 2011 Plan under which tax-deductible compensation may be paid for purposes of rules under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, including the business criteria on which performance goals may be based.

Effective February 1, 2014, SeaChange gave its non-employee members of the Board of Directors the option to receive DSUs in lieu of RSUs, beginning with the annual grant for fiscal 2015. The number of units subject to the DSUs is determined as of the grant date and shall fully vest one year from the grant date. The shares underlying the DSUs are not vested and issued until the earlier of the director ceasing to be a member of the Board of Directors (provided such time is subsequent to the first day of the succeeding fiscal year) or immediately prior to a change in control. Commencing with fiscal 2016, we changed the policy regarding the timing of the equity grant from the first day of the applicable fiscal year to the date of our annual meeting of stockholders. To facilitate the transition, a partial year grant was made to our non-employee directors, effective February 1, 2015, and a full year grant was made to our non-employee directors, effective July 15, 2015.

We may satisfy awards upon the exercise of stock options or the vesting of stock units with newly issued shares or treasury shares. The Board of Directors is responsible for the administration of the 2011 Plan and determining the terms of each award, award exercise price, the number of shares for which each award is granted and the rate at which each award vests. In certain instances, the Board of Directors may elect to modify the terms of an award. As of January 31, 2017, there were 393,403 shares available for future grant under the 2011 Plan.

Option awards may be granted to employees at an exercise price per share of not less than 100% of the fair market value per common share on the date of the grant. Stock units may be granted to any officer, employee, director, or consultant at a purchase price per share as determined by the Board of Directors. Option awards granted under the 2011 Plan generally vest over a period of one to four years and expire ten years from the date of the grant.

In fiscal 2016, the Board of Directors developed a new Long-Term Incentive (“LTI”) Program under which the named executive officers and other key employees of the Company will receive long-term equity-based incentive awards, which are intended to align the interests of our named executive officers and other key employees with the long-term interests of our stockholders and to emphasize and reinforce our focus on team success. Long-term equity-based incentive compensation awards are made in the form of stock options, RSUs and performance stock units (“PSUs”) subject to vesting based in part on the extent to which employment continues for three years.

2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In July 2015, we adopted the 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The purpose of the ESPP is to provide eligible employees, including executive officers of SeaChange, with the opportunity to purchase shares

of our common stock at a discount through accumulated payroll deductions of up to 15%, but not less than one percent of their eligible compensation, subject to any plan limitations. Offering periods typically commence on October 1^st and April 1^st and end on March 31^st and September 30^th with the last trading day being the exercise date for the offering period. The first offering period under the ESPP commenced on October 1, 2015. On each purchase date, eligible employees will purchase our stock at a price per share equal to 85% of the closing price of our common stock on the exercise date, but no less than par value. The maximum number of shares of our common stock which will be authorized for sale under the ESPP is 1,150,000 shares. Stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP was immaterial for fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016.

Stock-based Compensation

We use the provisions of the authoritative guidance which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors based on estimated fair values. The fair value of our stock options and PSUs, less expected forfeitures, is amortized over the awards’ vesting period on a graded vesting basis, whereas the RSUs and DSUs, less expected forfeitures, are amortized on a straight-line basis. We have applied the provisions of authoritative guidance allowing the use of a “simplified” method, in developing an estimate of the expected term of “plain vanilla” share options.

The effect of recording stock-based compensation was as follows:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2017		2016		2015
	(Amounts in thousands)
Stock-based compensation expense by type of award:
Stock options	$	873	$	1,257	$	1,036
Restricted stock units		624		1,203		1,607
Deferred stock units		709		607		500
Performance-based restricted stock units		398		475		77
Employee stock purchase plan		17		10		—

Total stock-based compensation	$	2,621	$	3,552	$	3,220

Since stock-based awards are expected to be made each year and vest over several years, the effects of applying authoritative guidance for recording stock-based compensation for the year ended January 31, 2017 are not indicative of future amounts.

Determining Fair Value

Stock Options

We record the fair value of most stock options using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Key input assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options include the exercise price, the expected option term, the risk-free interest rate over the option’s expected term, the expected annual dividend yield and the expected stock price volatility. The expected option term was determined using the “simplified” method for “plain vanilla” options. The expected stock price volatility was established using a blended volatility, which is an average of the historical volatility of our common stock over a period of time equal to the expected term of the stock option, and the average volatility of our common stock over the most recent one-year and two-year periods. The risk-free interest rate is based upon the U.S. treasury bond yield at the grant date, using a remaining term equal to the expected life. The expected dividend yield is 0%, as we have not paid cash dividends on our common stock since our inception.

The fair value of stock options granted was estimated at the date of grant using the following assumptions:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2017	2016	2015
Expected term (in years)	6-7	6-7	6.5
Expected volatility (range)	40-45%	40-45%	46%
Weighted average volatility	42%	42%	46%
Risk-free interest rate	1.0-2.0%	1.5-2.0%	1.7%
Weighted average interest rate	1.1%	1.6%	1.7%
Expected dividend yield	0%	0%	0%

Market-Based Options

We have granted market-based options to certain newly appointed officers. These stock options have an exercise price equal to our closing stock price on the date of grant and will vest in approximately equal increments based upon the closing price of SeaChange’s common stock. We record the fair value of these stock options using the Monte Carlo simulation model, since the stock option vesting is variable depending on the closing price of our traded common stock. The model simulated the daily trading price of the market-based stock options’ expected terms to determine if the vesting conditions would be triggered during the term. Effective April 6, 2016, Ed Terino, who previously served as our Chief Operating Officer (“COO”), was appointed Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of SeaChange and was granted 600,000 market-based options, bringing the total of his market-based options, when added to the 200,000 market-based options he received upon hire as COO in June 2015, to 800,000 market-based options. The fair value of these 800,000 stock options was estimated to be $2.1 million. As of January 31, 2017, $0.9 million remained unamortized on the market-based stock options, which will be expensed over the next 2.3 years, the remaining weighted average amortization period.

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2017					2016					2015
	Shares			Weighted average exercise price		Shares			Weighted average exercise price		Shares			Weighted average exercise price
Outstanding at beginning of period		1,192,677		$	6.80		1,626,421		$	7.77		1,502,176		$	9.77
Granted		1,581,614		$	4.02		612,678		$	6.44		500,000		$	7.23
Exercised		—		$	—		(28,740	)	$	6.74		—		$	—
Forfeited/expired/cancelled		(632,724	)	$	6.98		(1,017,682	)	$	8.13		(375,755	)	$	15.06

Outstanding at end of period		2,141,567		$	4.70		1,192,677		$	6.80		1,626,421		$	7.77

Options exercisable at end of period		203,982		$	6.28		80,000		$	6.83		1,108,115		$	8.02

Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years)					8.01					8.10					4.72

The weighted-average fair valuation at grant date of stock options granted during the years ended January 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, was $3.09, $2.75, and $3.39, respectively. As of January 31, 2017, the unrecognized stock-based compensation related to the unvested stock options was approximately $1.4 million, net of estimated forfeitures. Total unrecognized compensation cost will be adjusted for any future changes in estimated changes in forfeitures. This cost will be recognized over an estimated weighted average amortization period of 2.0 years.

Intrinsic value is defined as the difference between the market price on the date of exercise and the grant date price. There was no intrinsic value as of January 31, 2017 as the market price on the date of exercise was higher than the grant date price for options outstanding. The aggregate intrinsic value for options outstanding was $0.1 million as of January 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of vested shares and share options expected to vest as of January 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $0, $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

Cash received from employees as a result of employee stock option exercises during fiscal 2016 was $0.2 million. There were no stock options exercised in fiscal 2017 and 2015. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the year ended January 31, 2017 was not material.

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable as of January 31, 2017:


	Options Outstanding						Options Exercisable
	Number outstanding		Weighted average remaining contractual terms (years)		Weighted average exercise price		Number exercisable		Weighted average exercise price
Range of exercise prices
$2.42 to $2.42		425,546		9.50	$	2.42		—	$	—
$2.64 to $2.89		135,000		9.68	$	2.73		—	$	—
$3.30 to $3.41		150,000		9.38	$	3.34		—	$	—
$3.50 to $3.50		100,000		9.26	$	3.50		—	$	—
$3.77 to $3.77		21,068		2.25	$	3.77		7,023	$	3.77
$3.83 to $3.83		75,000		9.21	$	3.83		—	$	—
$5.50 to $5.50		75,000		0.31	$	5.50		—	$	—
$5.56 to $7.25		800,000		8.97	$	5.98		—	$	—
$6.05 to $6.05		279,953		4.94	$	6.05		116,959	$	6.05
$6.74 to $6.74		75,000		1.96	$	6.74		75,000	$	6.74
$8.15 to $8.15		5,000		2.42	$	8.15		5,000	$	8.15

		2,141,567		8.01	$	4.70		203,982	$	6.28

Stock Units (RSUs, DSUs and PSUs)

We record stock-based compensation expense associated with stock units using the market value of our stock on the date of grant, less forfeitures, and amortize the fair value over the awards’ vesting period on a straight-line basis for awards with only a service condition and graded vesting basis for awards that include both a performance and service condition.

The following table summarizes the stock unit activity:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2017					2016					2015
	Shares			Weighted average grant date fair value		Shares			Weighted average grant date fair value		Shares			Weighted average grant date fair value
Unvested at beginning of period		1,053,045		$	7.34		435,306		$	8.91		446,468		$	9.81
Awarded		837,927		$	3.07		904,344		$	6.46		314,057		$	8.60
Vested		(208,474	)	$	3.46		(277,373	)	$	6.89		(287,485	)	$	9.83
Forfeited/expired/cancelled		(229,440	)	$	6.68		(9,232	)	$	8.42		(37,734	)	$	10.01

Unvested at end of period		1,453,058		$	5.54		1,053,045		$	7.34		435,306		$	8.91

As of January 31, 2017, the unrecognized stock-based compensation related to the unvested RSUs and DSUs was $3.0 million. This cost will be recognized over an estimated weighted average amortization period of 1.3 years.

In fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016, the Company granted an aggregate of 307,963 and 301,192 PSUs, respectively, to employees. The target number of PSUs granted to an employee in these fiscal years represent the right to receive

100

a corresponding number of shares of our common stock, subject to adjustment depending on SeaChange’s total shareholder return (“TSR”) for the period between February 1, 2017 and January 31, 2020 (for the fiscal 2017 grant) and between February 1, 2016 and January 31, 2019 (for the fiscal 2016 grant) measured against the TSR of the common stock of the companies comprising the S&P SmallCap 600 Index (collectively referred to as the “SeaChange Relative TSR Percentile Rank”). The number of shares of our common stock that these employees are entitled to receive at January 31, 2019 and 2020 range from 0% to 150% of the target PSU award. If the SeaChange Relative TSR Percentile Rank relative to the companies in the S&P SmallCap 600 Index is less than the 25^th percentile, the target grants are forfeited.

We record the fair value of these PSUs using the Monte Carlo simulation model since the vesting is variable depending on the SeaChange Relative TSR Percentile Ranking. We recognize stock compensation expense related to the PSUs ratably over the required service period based on the estimate that it is probable that the measurement criteria will be achieved and the targeted number of shares will vest. If there is a change in the estimate of the number of shares that are probable of vesting, we will cumulatively adjust compensation expense in the period that the change in estimate is made. The fair value of the granted PSUs was estimated to be $2.9 million and will be expensed over the next 3 years.

10. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated other comprehensive loss consisted of the following:


	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment			Changes in Fair Value of Available- for-Sale Investments			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
	(Amounts in thousands)
Balance at January 31, 2015	$	(5,797	)	$	43		$	(5,754	)
Other comprehensive loss		(847	)		(12	)		(859	)

Balance at January 31, 2016		(6,644	)		31			(6,613	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		1,267			(25	)		1,242

Balance at January 31, 2017	$	(5,377	)	$	6		$	(5,371	)

Unrealized holding losses on securities available for sale are not material for the periods presented.

Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other comprehensive income (loss), which includes foreign currency translation adjustments and changes in unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities. For purposes of comprehensive loss disclosures, we do not record tax expense or benefits for the net changes in the foreign currency translation adjustments.

11. Segment Information, Significant Customers and Geographic Information

Segment Information

Our operations are organized into one reportable segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise evaluated regularly by the Company’s senior management in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. Our reportable segment was determined based upon the nature of the products offered to customers, the market characteristics of each operating segment and the Company’s management structure.

101

Significant Customers

The following table summarizes revenues by significant customers where such revenue exceeded 10% of total revenues for the indicated period:


	For Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2017			2016			2015
Customer A		30	%		28	%		17	%
Customer B		N/A			10	%		17	%

Geographic Information

The following summarizes revenues by customers’ geographic locations:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2017					2016					2015
	Amount		%			Amount		%			Amount		%
	(Amounts in thousands, except percentages)
Revenues by customers’ geographic locations:
North America(1)	$	37,570		45	%	$	58,113		55	%	$	64,755		56	%
Europe and Middle East		38,169		45	%		42,201		39	%		39,387		34	%
Latin America		5,764		7	%		4,707		4	%		6,829		6	%
Asia Pacific		2,292		3	%		1,971		2	%		4,464		4	%

Total revenues	$	83,795				$	106,992				$	115,435

(1)	Includes total revenue for the United States for the periods shown as follows:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(Amounts in thousands, except percentages)
U.S. Revenue	$	30,094		$	46,978		$	59,819
% of total revenue		35.9	%		43.9	%		51.8	%

The following summarizes long-lived assets by geographic locations:


	January 31,
	2017					2016
	Amount		%			Amount		%
	(Amounts in thousands, except percentages)
Long-lived assets by geographic locations(1):
North America	$	14,729		80	%	$	18,944		79	%
Europe and Middle East		2,878		16	%		3,575		15	%
Asia Pacific		817		4	%		1,372		6	%

Total long-lived assets by geographic location	$	18,424				$	23,891

(1)	Excludes marketable securities, long-term and goodwill.

102

12. Income Taxes

The components of loss from continuing operations before income taxes are as follows:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(Amounts in thousands)
Domestic	$	(40,452	)	$	(38,709	)	$	(25,920	)
Foreign		(16,166	)		(10,044	)		(2,694	)

Loss from continuing operations before income taxes	$	(56,618	)	$	(48,753	)	$	(28,614	)

The components of the income tax provision (benefit) from continuing operations are as follows:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(Amounts in thousands)
Current:
Federal	$	—		$	—		$	—
State		50			50			(762	)
Foreign		(94	)		(49	)		24

Total		(44	)		1			(738	)

Deferred:
Foreign		14,675			(1,030	)		(368	)

Total		14,675			(1,030	)		(368	)

Income tax (benefit) provision	$	14,631		$	(1,029	)	$	(1,106	)

The income tax provision (benefit) for continuing operations computed using the federal statutory income tax rate differs from our effective tax rate primarily due to the following:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(Amounts in thousands)
Statutory U.S. federal tax rate	$	(19,816	)	$	(17,066	)	$	(10,014	)
State taxes, net of federal tax benefit		32			33			(779	)
Income (losses) not benefitted		10,679			15,712			8,913
Non-deductible stock compensation expense		266			3			—
Other non-deductible items(1)		252			(31	)		(74	)
Innovative technology and development incentive		—			(189	)		(68	)
Foreign tax rate differential		3,499			509			916
APB 23 deferred tax liability		14,675			—			—
Goodwill impairment		5,044			—			—

Income tax provision (benefit)	$	14,631		$	(1,029	)	$	(1,106	)

(1)

Within the other line in the table above, other non-deductible items were $0.1 million and ($0.2) million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and were immaterial for fiscal 2015. These items have been aggregated with various adjustments related to differences in prior year U.S. and foreign tax provisions and the actual returns filed.

Our effective tax rate was a provision of 26% for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017 and a benefit of 2% and 4% for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

103

The components of deferred income taxes are as follows:


	January 31,
	2017			2016
	(Amounts in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Accruals and reserves	$	1,815		$	5,041
Deferred revenue		79			346
Stock-based compensation expense		3,730			3,655
U.S. federal, state and foreign tax credits		7,459			7,510
Intangible assets		6,834			7,153
Loss carryforwards		38,356			24,172

Deferred tax assets		58,273			47,877
Less: Valuation allowance		(58,134	)		(47,368	)

Net deferred tax assets		139			509
Deferred tax liabilities:
APB 23 deferred tax liability		14,675			—
Other		75			75
Property and equipment		121			426

Total net deferred tax (liabilities) assets	$	(14,732	)	$	8

At January 31, 2017, we had federal, state and foreign net operating loss carry forwards of $84.7 million, $117.5 million and $6.3 million respectively, which can be used to offset future tax liabilities and expire at various dates beginning in fiscal 2018. Utilization of these net operating loss carry forwards may be limited pursuant to provisions of the respective local jurisdiction. At January 31, 2017, we had a federal capital loss carry forward of $13.1 million. This loss can only be utilized to offset capital gains and it expires in fiscal 2018. In addition, at January 31, 2017, we had federal and state research and development credit carry forwards of $3.6 million and $1.8 million respectively, and state investment tax credit carry forwards of $0.2 million. We also have alternative minimum tax credit carry forwards of $0.6 million which are available to reduce future federal regular income taxes over an indefinite period. We have foreign tax credit carry forwards of $2.0 million which are available to reduce future federal regular income taxes. These credits expire at various dates beginning in fiscal 2018, except for $0.8 million in credits that have an unlimited carryforward period.

We review the adequacy of the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis. We have evaluated the positive and negative evidence bearing upon the realizability of our deferred tax assets and have established a valuation allowance of $58.1 million for such assets, which are comprised principally of net operating loss carry forwards, research and development credits, deferred revenue, inventory and stock-based compensation. If we generate pre-tax income in the future, some portion or all of the valuation allowance could be reversed and a corresponding increase in net income would be reported in future periods. The valuation allowance increased $10.7 million from $47.4 million at January 31, 2016.

Our foreign subsidiaries generate earnings that are not subject to U.S. income taxes so long as they are permanently reinvested in our operations outside the United States. Pursuant to Accounting Standard Codification Topic No. 740-30, “Income Taxes-Other Considerations or Special Areas,” undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that are no longer permanently reinvested would become subject to deferred income taxes under U.S. tax law. Prior to the second quarter of fiscal 2017, we asserted that the undistributed earnings of all our foreign subsidiaries were permanently reinvested.

104

At January 31, 2017, we have indefinitely reinvested $6.0 million of the cumulative undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries. The $6.0 million of such earnings would be subject to U.S. taxes if repatriated to the United States. Through January 31, 2017, we have not provided deferred income taxes on these undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries because such earnings are considered to be indefinitely reinvested outside the United States. Determination of the potential deferred income tax liability on these undistributed earnings is not practicable because such liability, if any, is dependent on circumstances existing if, and when, remittance occurs.

For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017, we recognized incremental tax benefits of $0.4 million. This incremental tax benefit is primarily due to $0.3 million of tax benefit recorded for the expiration of the statute of limitations and $0.1 million related to effectively settling an audit. We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest of $0.3 million, is as follows:


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2017			2016
	(Amounts in thousands)
Balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of period	$	5,151		$	5,527
Gross amounts of increases in unrecognized tax benefits as a result of tax positions taken in the current period		321			—
Decrease due to expiration of statute of limitation		(269	)		(325	)
Decrease for tax positions related to prior years		(96	)		—
Effect of currency translation		(14	)		(51	)

Balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits, end of period	$	5,093		$	5,151

We file income tax returns in U.S. federal jurisdiction, various state jurisdictions, and various foreign jurisdictions. We have closed out an audit with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) through fiscal 2013, however, the taxing authorities can still review the propriety of certain tax attributes created in closed years if such tax attributes are utilized in an open tax year, such as our federal research and development credit carryovers. During fiscal 2017, we closed an audit with the Dutch tax authorities for fiscal years 2010 through 2015.

13. Employee Benefit Plans

We sponsor a 401(k) retirement savings plan (the “Plan”) that covers substantially all domestic employees of SeaChange. The Plan allows employees to contribute gross salary through payroll deductions up to the legally mandated limit based on their jurisdiction. Participation in the Plan is available to full-time employees who meet eligibility requirements. We also contribute to various retirement plans for our employees outside the United States according to the local plans specific to each foreign location. Amounts contributed will vary. During fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, we contributed $1.4 million, $1.5 million and $1.7 million, respectively.

105

We have a statutory pension benefit obligation covering current employees in the Philippines. The components of the change in this pension benefit obligation as of January 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:


	January 31,
	2017			2016
	(Amounts in thousands)
Projected benefit obligation, beginning of fiscal year	$	1,063		$	1,247
Service cost		238			288
Interest cost		54			51
Actuarial gain		(801	)		(435	)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes		(24	)		(88	)

Projected benefit obligation, end of fiscal year	$	530		$	1,063

Funded status at end of fiscal year(1)	$	530		$	1,063

(1)	These unfunded amounts are included in other liabilities, long-term on our consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented.

The following sets forth the components of our net periodic benefit cost under the pension plan:


	January 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(Amounts in thousands)
Service cost	$	238		$	288		$	176
Interest cost		54			51			39
Actuarial (gain) loss		(801	)		(435	)		379

Net periodic benefit cost	$	(509	)	$	(96	)	$	594

Key weighted average assumptions used in the accounting for the pension plan to determine the benefit obligation and net benefit cost were as follows:


	January 31,
	2017			2016
Discount rate		5.72	%		5.08	%
Compensation increase rate		5.00	%		7.00	%

We do not anticipate to begin paying this obligation until fiscal 2022 and estimate $0.2 million in benefit payments through fiscal 2028.

14. Net Loss Per Share

Net loss per share is presented in accordance with authoritative guidance which requires the presentation of “basic” and “diluted” earnings per share. Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing earnings available to common shareholders by the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding during the period. For the purposes of calculating diluted net loss per share, the denominator includes both the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period and the weighted average number of shares of potential dilutive shares of common stock, such as stock awards, calculated using the treasury stock method. Basic and diluted net loss per share was the same for all the periods presented as the impact of potential dilutive shares outstanding was anti-dilutive.

106

The following table sets forth our computation of basic and diluted net loss per common share (amounts in thousands, except per share data):


	For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31,
	2017			2016			2015
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(71,249	)	$	(47,697	)	$	(27,489	)
Net income from discontinued operations		—			—			5

Net loss	$	(71,249	)	$	(47,697	)	$	(27,484	)

Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per share—basic and diluted		34,970			33,506			32,772

Net loss per share—basic and diluted:
Loss from continuing operations	$	(2.04	)	$	(1.42	)	$	(0.84	)
Income from discontinued operations		—			—			0.00

Net loss per share—basic and diluted	$	(2.04	)	$	(1.42	)	$	(0.84	)

The number of common shares used in the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented does not include the effect of the following potentially outstanding common shares because the effect would have been anti-dilutive (amounts in thousands):


	For the Fiscal Year Ended January 31,
	2017		2016		2015
Stock options		1,415		1,493		1,586
Restricted stock units		448		145		217
Deferred stock units		70		31		11
Performance stock units		318		5		—

Total		2,251		1,674		1,814

15. Quarterly Results of Operations—Unaudited

The following table sets forth certain unaudited quarterly results of operations for fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016. In the opinion of management, this information has been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and all necessary adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, have been included in the amounts stated below to present fairly the quarterly information when read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The quarterly operating results are not necessarily indicative of future results of operations.


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2017
	Q1			Q2			Q3			Q4
	(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Revenue	$	21,570		$	18,452		$	19,961		$	23,812
Gross profit		9,149			7,456			9,812			15,763
Operating expenses		18,724			19,124			18,247			40,231
Net loss(1)		(8,907	)		(26,884	)		(8,082	)		(27,376	)
Loss per share(2):
Basic	$	(0.26	)	$	(0.77	)	$	(0.23	)	$	(0.78	)
Diluted	$	(0.26	)	$	(0.77	)	$	(0.23	)	$	(0.78	)

107


	Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2016
	Q1			Q2			Q3			Q4
	(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Revenue	$	23,177		$	27,871		$	28,747		$	27,197
Gross profit		10,116			14,427			6,877			15,419
Operating expenses		19,582			19,177			18,718			37,561
Net loss(3)		(9,825	)		(5,027	)		(10,565	)		(22,280	)
Loss per share(2):
Basic	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.16	)	$	(0.31	)	$	(0.66	)
Diluted	$	(0.29	)	$	(0.16	)	$	(0.31	)	$	(0.66	)

(1)

Net loss in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 includes a $23.7 million loss on impairment of long-lived assets as we found during “Step 2” of our annual goodwill impairment test that the carrying value of our goodwill was greater than the implied fair value. As a result, we recorded an impairment charge of $23.5 million. In addition, we fully impaired the fair market value of our facility in Greenville, New Hampshire by recording an impairment charge of $0.2 million as we feel that the sale of this facility is not imminent due to the facility’s location and the market conditions in the area.

(2)	The sum of per share data may not agree to annual amounts due to rounding.

(3)	Net loss in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016 includes a $21.5 million loss on impairment of long-lived assets as a result of our decision to enter into a restructuring plan relating to the Timeline Labs operations.

108

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(A) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K. Edward Terino, our Chief Executive Officer, and Peter R. Faubert, our Chief Financial Officer, participated in this evaluation. Based upon that evaluation, Messrs. Terino and Faubert concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of January 31, 2017 due to material weaknesses described in the Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting below relating to the design of controls around certain professional services revenue recognition on projects generating revenue of less than $25,000 per month, deferred revenue related to undelivered products reconciled the month prior to quarter end and rolled forward and journal entry review processes at an international subsidiary for journal entries less than $50,000. In addition, we identified an ineffective control related to currency translation adjustments arising from intercompany notes.

Notwithstanding the material weaknesses discussed above, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believes that the consolidated financial statements contained in this Form 10-K present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP. These material weaknesses did not result in any adjustments or restatements of our audited and unaudited consolidated financial statements or disclosures for any prior period previously reported by the Company.

(B) Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors, and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2017. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework.

During fiscal 2017, we identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

109

As part of our evaluation of internal control over financial reporting described above, we concluded that, as of January 31, 2017, we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting. We reached that conclusion because, out of over 100 controls in place and tested, we did not design and maintain effective internal controls over the following three items:

•

insufficient review procedures around a) professional service revenue on projects with revenue below $25,000 monthly, and b) deferred revenue related to undelivered products reconciled the month prior to quarter end and rolled forward; Specifically, our controls are not appropriately designed to review professional services revenue recognized on projects below $25,000, or review deferred revenue related to undelivered products at quarter end.

•

lack of evidence of management review over the preparation of journal entries under $50,000 at an international subsidiary; Specifically, our controls are not appropriately designed to ensure journal entries under $50,000 at an international subsidiary are complete and accurate.

•

ineffective control around the identification of currency translation adjustments resulting from revaluation of a Euro denominated non-recurring intercompany note payable to an international subsidiary with a U.S. dollar functional currency. Specifically, the Company did not maintain effective controls related to the identification and review of currency translation adjustments associated with an intercompany note payable.

Controls that were historically in place did not always address relevant risks and were not performed on all relevant transactions. In addition, the level of precision of the management review controls was not sufficient to identify all potential errors.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2017 has been audited by Grant Thornton LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

110

(C) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2017 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Management is in the process of designing and implementing a remediation plan intended to address the control deficiencies which resulted in the material weaknesses described above. The following actions have begun and will be further developed during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018:

•

We are enhancing our internal controls over financial reporting to expand our review of professional services revenue to include revenue recognized on projects below $25,000. In addition, we are developing a system improvement to allow us to review deferred revenue related to undelivered products at quarter end.

•

We are enhancing our internal controls over financial reporting to include a review of all journal entries at an international subsidiary to ensure the journal entries are complete and accurate. In addition, the corporate controller will review the journal entries from this international subsidiary on a quarterly basis.

•

We are enhancing our internal controls over financial reporting to develop a process whereby the corporate controller and tax director will review the impact of currency translation adjustments on intercompany notes payable on a quarterly basis.

We will provide continuing updates in our SEC filings on this remediation.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information concerning our directors is hereby incorporated by reference from the information contained under the heading “Election of Directors” in our definitive proxy statement related to our Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on or about July 13, 2017 which will be filed with the Commission within 120 days after the close of the fiscal year (the “Definitive Proxy Statement”).

Certain information regarding our executive officers is set forth in Part I, Item 1, “Business,” of this Form 10-K under the heading “Executive Officers.” The other information required by this item concerning directors and executive officers of SeaChange is hereby incorporated by reference to the information contained under the headings “Availability of Corporate Governance Documents”, “Audit Committee,” “Information Concerning Executive Officers” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Definitive Proxy Statement.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the headings “Compensation of Directors” and “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” in the Definitive Proxy Statement.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the headings “Securities Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” in the Definitive Proxy Statement.

111

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides information about the common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of options, warrants and rights under all of our existing equity compensation plans as of January 31, 2017, including our Amended and Restated 2011 Compensation and Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”).

Plan Category

Number of
securities to be
issued upon
exercise of
outstanding
options, warrants
and rights

Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding
options, warrants
and rights

Number of
securities
remaining available
for future issuance
under equity
compensation plans
(excluding
securities reflected
in column (a))

(a)

(b)

(c)

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1)

2,141,567

4.70

393,403

(2)

(1)	Consists of the 2011 Plan and the Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation and Incentive Plan.

(2)	As of January 31, 2017, there were 393,403 shares remaining available for issuance under the 2011 Plan.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the heading “Determination of Director Independence” and “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in the Definitive Proxy Statement.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the heading “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Definitive Proxy Statement.

112

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)(1) Index to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The following Consolidated Financial Statements of the Registrant are included in Part II, Item 8., “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” of this Form 10-K:


	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		64
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 31, 2017 and 2016		65
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended January 31, 2017, 2016 and 2017		66
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended January 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015		68
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended January 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015		70
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		71

(a)(2) Index to Financial Statement Schedule

The following Financial Statement Schedule of the Registrant is filed as part of this report:


	Page
Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts		118

Schedules not listed above have been omitted because the information requested to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in the accompanying consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

(a)(3) Index to Exhibits

See Item 15 (b) below.

(b) Exhibits

The following list of exhibits includes exhibits submitted with this Form 10-K as filed with the SEC and those incorporated by reference to other filings.


Exhibit No.		Description

3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (filed as Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 previously filed on November 4, 1996 with the Commission (File No. 333-12233) and incorporated herein by reference).

3.2		Certificate of Amendment, filed May 25, 2000 with the Secretary of State in the State of Delaware, to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on 10-Q previously filed on December 15, 2000 with the Commission (Filed No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

3.3		Amended and Restated By-laws of the Company (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K previously filed on December 6, 2016 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

4.1		Specimen certificate representing the Common Stock (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 previously filed on November 4, 1996 with the Commission (File No. 333-12233) and incorporated herein by reference).

113


Exhibit No.		Description

10.1		Second Amended and Restated 2011 Compensation and Incentive Plan (filed as Appendix A to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A previously filed May 20, 2016 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.2		Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the Company’s 2011 Compensation and Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K previously filed July 20, 2011 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.3		Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement pursuant to the Company’s 2011 Compensation and Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q previously filed December 5, 2014 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.4		Form of Deferred Stock Unit Award Grant Notice pursuant to the Company’s 2011 Compensation and Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q previously filed December 5, 2014 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.5		Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement for Employees pursuant to the Company’s 2011 Compensation and Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q previously filed December 5, 2014 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.6		Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Non-Employee Directors pursuant to the Company’s 2011 Compensation and Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K previously filed on April 4, 2014 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.7		Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Compensation and Incentive Plan (filed as Appendix A to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A previously filed May 25, 2007 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.8		Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the Company’s 2005 Equity Compensation and Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K previously filed December 14, 2005 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.9		Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement pursuant to the Company’s 2005 Equity Compensation and Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K previously filed on April 17, 2006 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.10		Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement pursuant to the Company’s 2005 Equity Compensation and Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K previously filed on April 17, 2006 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.11		Amended and Restated 1995 Stock Option Plan (filed as Annex B to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14a previously filed on May 31, 2001 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.12		Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement pursuant to SeaChange’s Amended and Restated 1995 Stock Option Plan (filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 6, 2004 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

114


Exhibit No.		Description

10.13		Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement pursuant to SeaChange’s Amended and Restated 1995 Stock Option Plan (filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 6, 2004 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.14		1996 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 previously filed on November 4, 1996 with the Commission (File No. 333-12233) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.15		Form of Indemnification Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.15 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on April 10, 2013 (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.16		SeaChange International, Inc. 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (filed as Appendix A to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A previously filed on May 22, 2015 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.17		Form of Performance Stock Unit Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 28, 2016 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.18		Amended and Restated Change-in-Control Severance Agreement, dated as of January 26, 2016, by and between the Company and Edward Terino (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K previously filed on January 28, 2016 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.19		Change-in-Control Severance Agreement, dated as of July 6, 2016, by and between the Company and Peter Faubert (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K previously filed on July 7, 2016 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.20		Change-in-Control Severance Agreement, dated as of January 31, 2017, by and between the Company and Jon Rider (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K previously filed on February 3, 2017 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.21		Amended and Restated Change-in-Control Severance Agreement, dated as of January 26, 2016, by and between the Company and David McEvoy (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K previously filed on January 28, 2016 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

10.22		Employee Separation Agreement and Voluntary Release of Claims, dated as of July 6, 2016, by and between the Company and Anthony Dias (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K previously filed on July 7, 2016 with the Commission (File No. 000-21393) and incorporated herein by reference).

21.1*		List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant.

23.1*		Consent of Grant Thornton LLP.

24.1		Power of Attorney (included on signature page).

31.1*		Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2*		Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*		Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

115


Exhibit No.		Description

32.2*		Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

*	Provided herewith.

Exhibits which are incorporated herein by reference can be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC, 450 Fifth Street, Room 1024, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of such material can also be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the Commission, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates.

(c) Financial Statement Schedules

We hereby file as part of this Form 10-K the consolidated financial statements schedule listed in Item 15 (a) (2) above, which is attached hereto.

116

SEACHANGE INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

For the Fiscal Years Ended January 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015


			Additions					Deductions and write- offs			Balance at end of period
Description	Balance at beginning of period		Charged to costs and expenses		Charged to other accounts			Deductions and write- offs			Balance at end of period
	(Amounts in thousands)
Accounts Receivable Allowance:
Year ended January 31, 2017	$	415	$	597	$	(61	)	$	(75	)	$	876
Year ended January 31, 2016	$	400	$	59	$	—		$	(44	)	$	415
Year ended January 31, 2015	$	327	$	80	$	—		$	(7	)	$	400

Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance:
Year ended January 31, 2017	$	47,368	$	10,766	$	—		$	—		$	58,134
Year ended January 31, 2016	$	30,369	$	16,999	$	—		$	—		$	47,368
Year ended January 31, 2015	$	20,789	$	9,580	$	—		$	—		$	30,369

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

117

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, SeaChange International, Inc. has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Edward Terino and Peter R. Faubert, jointly and severally, his attorney-in-fact, each with the power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Form 10-K and to file same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.


Signature	Title(s)	Date
/s/ EDWARD TERINO Edward Terino	Chief Executive Officer, Director (Principal Executive Officer)	April 17, 2017

/s/ PETER R. FAUBERT Peter R. Faubert	Chief Financial Officer, Senior Vice President, Finance and Administration and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	April 17, 2017

/s/ MARY PALERMO COTTON Mary Palermo Cotton	Director	April 17, 2017

/s/ STEVE CRADDOCK Steve Craddock	Director	April 17, 2017

/s/ WILLIAM MARKEY William Markey	Director	April 17, 2017

/s/ THOMAS F. OLSON Thomas F. Olson	Director	April 17, 2017

/s/ ED WILSON Ed Wilson	Director	April 17, 2017

118