UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10‑K

 

Commission File No. 0‑14719

SKYWEST, INC.

 

444 South River Road

St. George, Utah 84790

(435) 634‑3000

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, No Par Value

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well‑known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S‑T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S‑K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in the definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10‑K or any amendment to this Form 10‑K. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non‑accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Act). Yes ☐  No ☒

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non‑ affiliates (based upon the closing sale price of the registrant’s common stock on The Nasdaq National Market) on June 30,  2015 was approximately $759,240,572.

As of February 16, 2016, there were 51,127,542 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Portions of the registrant’s proxy statement to be used in connection with the Registrant’s  2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Report as specified.

 

 

SKYWEST, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10‑K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

PART I

Unless otherwise indicated in this Report, “SkyWest,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar terms refer to SkyWest, Inc. and “SkyWest Airlines” refers to our wholly‑owned subsidiary, SkyWest Airlines, Inc.

Effective December 31, 2011, our subsidiary, ExpressJet Airlines, Inc. was merged into our subsidiary, Atlantic Southeast Airlines, Inc., with the surviving corporation named ExpressJet Airlines, Inc. (the “ExpressJet Combination”). In this Report, “Atlantic Southeast” refers to Atlantic Southeast Airlines, Inc. for periods prior to the ExpressJet Combination, “ExpressJet Delaware” refers to ExpressJet Airlines, Inc., a Delaware corporation, for periods prior to the ExpressJet Combination, and “ExpressJet” refers to ExpressJet Airlines, Inc., the Utah corporation resulting from the ExpressJet Combination, for periods subsequent to the ExpressJet Combination.

Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward‑Looking Statements

Certain of the statements contained in this Report should be considered “forward‑looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward‑looking statements may be identified by words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “could,” “should,” “hope,” “likely,” and “continue” and similar terms used in connection with statements regarding our outlook, anticipated operations, the revenue environment, our contractual relationships, and our anticipated financial performance. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our future growth and development plans, including our future financial and operating results, our plans for SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet, our objectives, expectations and intentions and other statements that are not historical facts. Readers should keep in mind that all forward‑looking statements are based on our existing beliefs about present and future events outside of our control and on assumptions that may prove to be incorrect. If one or more risks identified in this Report materializes, or any other underlying assumption proves incorrect, our actual results will vary, and may vary materially, from those anticipated, estimated, projected, or intended. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described below in Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There may be other factors that may affect matters discussed in forward‑looking statements set forth in this Report, which factors may also cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed. We assume no obligation to publicly update any forward‑looking statement to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting these statements other than as required by applicable law.

ITEM 1.  BUSINESS

General

Through SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet, we offer scheduled passenger service with approximately 3,400 daily departures to destinations in the United States, Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean. Substantially all of our flights are operated as Delta Connection, United Express, American Eagle or Alaska under code‑share arrangements with Delta Air Lines, Inc. (“Delta”), United Air Lines, Inc. (“United”), American Airlines, Inc. (“American”) or Alaska Airlines, Inc. (“Alaska”), respectively. SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet generally provide regional flying to our partners under long‑term, fixed‑fee code‑share agreements. Among other features of our fixed‑fee agreements, our major airline partners generally reimburse us for specified direct operating expenses (including fuel expense, which is passed through to our partners), and pay us a fee for operating the aircraft.

On December 31, 2011, Atlantic Southeast and ExpressJet Delaware completed the ExpressJet Combination. Since November 17, 2011, the operations formerly conducted by Atlantic Southeast and ExpressJet Delaware have been conducted under a single operating certificate issued by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (the “FAA”).

SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet have developed industry‑leading reputations for providing quality regional airline service during their long operating histories. SkyWest Airlines has been flying since 1972 and ExpressJet (and its predecessors) since 1979. As of December 31, 2015,  we had a combined fleet of 702 aircraft consisting of the following:

*Other aircraft consisted of leased aircraft removed from service that were in the process of being returned to the lessor and owned aircraft removed from service that were for sale.

As of December 31, 2015, our fleet scheduled for service consisted of aircraft manufactured by Bombardier Aerospace (“Bombardier”) and Embraer S.A. (“Embraer”) summarized as follows:

 

We ceased operation of the 30‑seat Embraer Brasilia EMB‑ 120 turboprop (the “EMB120”) during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

We were incorporated in Utah in 1972. Our principal executive offices are located at 444 South River Road, St. George, Utah 84790, and our primary telephone number is (435) 634‑3000. We maintain an internet website at inc.skywest.com, which provides a link to our annual, quarterly and current reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In addition, we provide electronic or paper copies of our SEC filings free of charge upon request.

 Our Operating Platforms

SkyWest Airlines

SkyWest Airlines provides regional jet service to airports primarily located in the Midwestern and Western United States, as well as Mexico and Canada. SkyWest Airlines offered approximately 1,700 daily scheduled departures as of December 31, 2015, of which approximately 920 were United Express flights, 560 were Delta Connection flights,  170 were American Eagle flights and 50 were Alaska‑coded flights. SkyWest Airlines’ operations are conducted principally from airports located in Chicago (O’Hare), Denver, Los Angeles, Houston, Minneapolis, Portland, Seattle, Phoenix, San Francisco and Salt Lake City. As of December 31, 2015, SkyWest Airlines operated a fleet of 348 aircraft consisting of the following:

 

SkyWest Airlines conducts its code‑share operations with its major airline partners pursuant to the following agreements:

A summary of the terms for each SkyWest Airlines code‑share agreement with the respective major partner is provided under the heading “Code Share Agreements” below on page 6.

ExpressJet

ExpressJet provides regional jet service principally in the Eastern United States, primarily from airports located in Atlanta, Cleveland, Chicago (O’Hare), Houston, Detroit, Memphis, Newark and Minneapolis, as well as Mexico and Canada. ExpressJet offered approximately 1,658 daily scheduled departures as of December 31, 2015, of which approximately 926 were Delta Connection flights, 586 were United Express flights and 146 were American Eagle flights. As of December 31, 2015, ExpressJet operated a fleet of 312 aircraft consisting of the following:

 

ExpressJet conducts its code‑share operations with its major airline partners pursuant to the following agreements:

A summary of the terms for each ExpressJet code‑share agreement with the respective major partner is provided under the heading “Code Share Agreements” below on page 6.

Competition and Economic Conditions

The airline industry is highly competitive. SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet compete principally with other regional airlines. The combined operations of SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet extend throughout most major geographic markets in the United States. Our competition includes, therefore, nearly every other domestic regional airline. The primary competitors of SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet include Air Wisconsin Airlines Corporation (“Air Wisconsin”); Envoy Air Inc. (“Envoy”), PSA Airlines, Inc. (“PSA”) and Piedmont Airlines (“Piedmont”) (Envoy, PSA and Piedmont are owned by American); Horizon Air Industries, Inc. (“Horizon”) (owned by Alaska Air Group, Inc.); Mesa Air Group, Inc. (“Mesa”); Endeavor, Inc. (“Endeavor”) (owned by Delta); Republic Airways Holdings Inc. (“Republic”); and Trans State Airlines, Inc. (“Trans State”). Major airlines typically award additional code-share flying arrangements to regional airlines based primarily upon the following criteria: ability to fly contracted schedules,

availability of labor resources, including pilots, low operating cost, financial resources, geographical infrastructure, overall customer service levels relating to on‑time arrival and flight completion percentages and the overall image of the regional airline.

The principal competitive factors for regional airline code‑share arrangements include labor resources, code‑share agreement terms, reliable flight operations, operating cost structure, certification to operate certain aircraft types, geographical infrastructure and markets and routes served.

The combined operations of SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet represent the largest regional airline operations in the United States. However, regional carriers owned by major airlines may have access to greater resources through their parent companies than SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet.

Generally, the airline industry is highly sensitive to changes in general economic conditions. Economic downturns, combined with competitive pressures, have contributed to a number of reorganizations, bankruptcies, liquidations and business combinations among major and regional carriers. The effect of economic downturns may be somewhat mitigated by the predominantly contract based flying arrangements of SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet. If, however, any of our code share partners experience a prolonged decline in the number of passengers or are negatively affected by low ticket prices or high fuel prices, they may seek to renegotiate their code share agreements with SkyWest Airlines or ExpressJet, or materially reduce scheduled flights in order to reduce their costs. In addition, adverse weather conditions can impact our ability to complete scheduled flights and have a negative impact on our operations and financial condition.

 Industry Overview

Major and Regional Airlines

The airline industry in the United States has traditionally been comprised of several major airlines, including American, Delta and United. The major airlines offer scheduled flights to most major U.S. cities, numerous smaller U.S. cities, and cities throughout the world through a hub and spoke network.

 Regional airlines, such as SkyWest Airlines, ExpressJet, Mesa, Air Wisconsin, Endeavor, Trans State and Republic, typically operate smaller aircraft on lower‑volume routes than major and low‑cost carriers. Several regional airlines, including Envoy, Endeavor, PSA, Piedmont and Horizon, are wholly‑owned subsidiaries of major airlines.

Regional airlines generally do not try to establish an independent route system to compete with the major airlines. Rather, regional airlines typically enter into relationships with one or more major airlines, pursuant to which the regional airline agrees to use its smaller, lower‑cost aircraft to carry passengers booked and ticketed by the major airline between a hub of the major airline and a smaller outlying city. In exchange for such services, the major airline pays the regional airline either a fixed flight fee, termed “contract” or “fixed‑fee” flights, or receives a percentage of applicable passenger ticket revenues, termed “pro‑rate” or “revenue‑sharing” flights as described in more detail below.

Code‑Share Agreements

Regional airlines generally enter into code‑share agreements with major airlines, pursuant to which the regional airline is authorized to use the major airline’s two‑letter flight designator codes to identify the regional airline’s flights and fares in the central reservation systems, to paint its aircraft with the colors and/or logos of its code‑share partner and to market and advertise its status as a carrier for the code‑share partner. Code‑share agreements also generally obligate the major airline to provide services such as reservations, ticketing, ground support and gate access to the regional airline, and the major partners often coordinate marketing, advertising and other promotional efforts. In exchange, the regional airline provides a designated number of low‑capacity (usually between 50 and 76 seats) flights between larger airports served by the major airline and surrounding cities, usually in lower‑volume markets. The financial arrangements between the regional airlines and their code‑share partners usually involve either fixed‑fee arrangements or revenue‑sharing arrangements as explained below:

 SkyWest Airlines has code‑share agreements with United, Delta, American and Alaska. ExpressJet has code‑share agreements with United, Delta and American.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, approximately 86.3% of our passenger revenues related to fixed‑fee contract flights, where Delta, United, Alaska and American controlled scheduling, ticketing, pricing and seat inventories. The remainder of our passenger revenues during the year ended December 31, 2015 related to pro‑rate flights for Delta, United or American, where we controlled scheduling, pricing and seat inventories, and shared passenger fares with Delta, United or American according to pro‑rate formulas. The following summaries of our code‑share agreements do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the applicable agreement.

Under our fixed-fee arrangements, the major airline partners compensate us for our costs of owning or leasing the aircraft on a monthly basis. The aircraft compensation structure varies by agreement, but is intended to cover either our aircraft principal and interest debt service costs, our aircraft depreciation and interest expense or our aircraft lease expense costs while the aircraft is under contract. Under our ExpressJet United ERJ Agreement and our ExpressJet American ERJ145 Agreement, the major partner provides the aircraft to us for a nominal amount. The number of aircraft under our fixed‑fee arrangements and our pro‑rate arrangements as of December 31, 2015 is reflected in the summary below.

 Delta Connection Agreements

 

United Express Agreements

 

Alaska Capacity Purchase Agreement

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

American Agreements

As of December 31, 2015, we anticipate placing an additional 25 E175 aircraft with United, ten additional E175 aircraft with Alaska and 19 E175 aircraft with Delta. The delivery dates for the new aircraft are expected to take place from January 2016 to June 2017.

SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet Delta Connection Agreements

SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet are each parties to a Delta Connection Agreement, pursuant to which SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet provide contract flight services for Delta. The SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet Delta Connection Agreements contain multi‑year rate reset provisions that became operative in 2010 and reset each fifth year thereafter. Delta additionally has the right to require that certain contractual rates under those agreements shall not exceed the second lowest of all carriers within the Delta Connection program. SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet have agreed with Delta on contractual rates that are effective through December 31, 2015.  A rate reset period became effective on January 1, 2016.

 The SkyWest Airlines Delta Connection Agreement is scheduled to terminate on December 31, 2022 for the CRJ aircraft. The SkyWest Airlines Delta Connection Agreement is subject to early termination in various circumstances, including:

In October 2015, SkyWest Airlines reached an agreement with Delta to place 19 new E175 aircraft into service pursuant to the SkyWest Airlines Delta Connection Agreement.  Under the agreement, we anticipate that delivery of the

E175 aircraft to be flown for Delta will begin in August 2016, with all 19 aircraft being delivered by mid-2017. The E175 agreement has a nine-year term for each of the aircraft subject to the agreement.

The ExpressJet Delta Connection Agreement is scheduled to terminate on December 31, 2022, subject to certain Delta extension rights. The ExpressJet Delta Connection Agreement is subject to early termination in various circumstances including:

SkyWest Airlines United Express Agreements

SkyWest Airlines and United are parties to two United Express agreements: a United Express agreement to operate certain CRJ200s and CRJ700s, and a United Express agreement to operate E175 aircraft (collectively, the “SkyWest Airlines United ExpressJet Agreements”). Under the E175 agreement, SkyWest Airlines began service in May 2014 and 40 E175 aircraft had been delivered as of December 31, 2015. We anticipate deliveries of the remaining 25 E175 aircraft will continue through 2017. The E175 agreement has a 12‑year term for each of the aircraft subject to the agreement.

The SkyWest Airlines United Express Agreements have a latest scheduled termination date in 2027. The SkyWest Airlines United Express Agreements are subject to early termination in various circumstances including:

ExpressJet United ERJ Agreement

Effective November 12, 2010, ExpressJet Delaware and Continental entered into the ExpressJet United ERJ Agreement, whereby ExpressJet Delaware agreed to provide regional airline service in the Continental flight system. The

rights and obligations of ExpressJet Delaware under the ExpressJet United ERJ Agreement became the rights and obligations of ExpressJet as a consequence of the ExpressJet Combination. The rights and obligations of Continental under the ExpressJet United ERJ Agreement became the rights and obligations of United as a consequence of United’s merger with Continental in 2010. The ExpressJet United ERJ Agreement was amended and restated on November 7, 2014, which among other modifications, reduced the term of the agreement.

The ExpressJet United ERJ Agreement is scheduled to terminate in December 2017, subject to early termination by United or ExpressJet upon the occurrence of certain events. United’s termination rights include the right to terminate the ExpressJet United ERJ Agreement if ExpressJet’s performance falls below identified standards (and such failure is not cured within 60 days following receipt of notice), upon the occurrence of a labor strike lasting 15 days or longer and upon the occurrence of a material default under certain lease agreements relating to aircraft operated by ExpressJet under the ExpressJet United ERJ Agreement (provided that such material default is not cured within 60 days following receipt of notice). ExpressJet’s termination rights include the right to terminate the ExpressJet United ERJ Agreement if United fails to make payment of $500,000 or more due to ExpressJet under the ExpressJet United ERJ Agreement and such failure is not cured within five business days following receipt of notice. Additionally, effective January 1, 2018, United has the right to extend the term for a 12‑month period for a certain number of aircraft upon 180 days written notice. United also has the right to extend the term for a second 12‑month period for a certain number of aircraft upon 180 days written notice.

Under the terms of the ExpressJet United ERJ Agreement, ExpressJet operates 166 ERJ145s and five ERJ135s in the United flight system. All of such ERJ145s and ERJ 135s are leased to ExpressJet by United pursuant to sublease or lease agreements. Upon the expiration of the ExpressJet United ERJ Agreement, ExpressJet is obligated to return the subleased or leased aircraft to United. As of December 31, 2015, ExpressJet had removed four ERJ135s from service and was in the process of returning such aircraft to United. During the 2016 calendar year, ExpressJet anticipates removing 20 ERJ145s and five ERJ135s from contract and intends to return the aircraft to United under the aircraft lease agreement.

SkyWest Airlines American Agreement

On September 11, 2012, SkyWest Airlines and American entered into the SkyWest Airlines American Agreement. The SkyWest Airlines American Agreement is scheduled to terminate in 2016 and is subject to early termination in various circumstances including:

ExpressJet American Agreement

On September 11, 2012, ExpressJet and American entered into the ExpressJet American Agreement. The ExpressJet American Agreement is scheduled to terminate in 2017. The ExpressJet American Agreement is subject to early termination in various circumstances including:

SkyWest Airlines Alaska Agreement

On April 13, 2011, SkyWest Airlines and Alaska entered into the SkyWest Airlines Alaska Capacity Purchase Agreement. The SkyWest Airlines Alaska Capacity Purchase Agreement is scheduled to terminate in 2018.

SkyWest and Alaska amended the SkyWest Airlines Alaska Capacity Purchase Agreement to establish a 12‑year fixed‑fee arrangement for SkyWest to operate 15 new E175 aircraft for Alaska. Under the amended agreement, SkyWest Airlines began service in July 2015 and five E175 aircraft had been delivered as of December 31, 2015. We anticipate deliveries of the remaining E175 aircraft will continue through mid-2017. The E175 agreement has a 12‑year term for each of the aircraft subject to the agreement. The SkyWest Airlines Alaska Capacity Purchase Agreement is subject to early termination in various circumstances including:

Segment Financial Information

See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, set forth in Item 7 of this Report, and Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, included in Item 8 of this Report, for financial information regarding our business segments.

Training and Aircraft Maintenance

SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet provide substantially all training to their crew members and maintenance personnel at their respective training facilities. SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet employees perform routine airframe and engine maintenance along with periodic inspections of equipment at their respective maintenance facilities.  SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet also use third‑party vendors for certain airframe and engine maintenance work.

Fuel

Our fixed‑fee agreements with Delta, United, American and Alaska provide that fuel costs we incur under those agreements are to be reimbursed, thereby reducing our exposure to fuel price fluctuations. Under our pro-rate agreements we are responsible for the costs we incur under those agreements and are exposed to fuel price fluctuations which we buy directly from our fuel suppliers. During the year ended December 31, 2015, United and Delta purchased the majority of the fuel for our aircraft flying under their respective fixed-fee agreements under contract directly from their fuel vendors.  Historically, we have not experienced problems with the availability of fuel, and believe we will be able to obtain fuel in quantities sufficient to meet our existing and anticipated future requirements at competitive prices. Standard industry

contracts generally do not provide protection against fuel price increases, nor do they ensure availability of supply. A substantial increase in the price of jet fuel, to the extent our fuel costs are not reimbursed, or our lack of adequate fuel supplies in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Employee Matters

Railway Labor Act

Our relations with labor unions in the U.S. are governed by the Railway Labor Act (the “RLA”). Under the RLA, a labor union seeking to represent an unrepresented craft or class of employees is required to file with the National Mediation Board (the “NMB”) an application alleging a representation dispute, along with authorization cards signed by at least 35% of the employees in that craft or class. The NMB then investigates the dispute and, if it finds the labor union has obtained a sufficient number of authorization cards, conducts an election to determine whether to certify the labor union as the collective bargaining representative of that craft or class. Under the NMB’s usual rules, a labor union will be certified as the representative of the employees in a craft or class only if more than 50% of those employees vote for union representation. A certified labor union then enters into negotiations toward a collective bargaining agreement with the employer.

Under the RLA, a collective bargaining agreement between an airline and a labor union does not expire, but instead becomes amendable as of a stated date. Either party may request that the NMB appoint a federal mediator to participate in the negotiations for a new or amended agreement. If no agreement is reached in mediation, the NMB may determine, at any time, that an impasse exists and offer binding arbitration. If either party rejects binding arbitration, a 30‑day “cooling off” period begins. At the end of this 30‑day period, the parties may engage in “self help,” unless the U.S. President appoints a Presidential Emergency Board (“PEB”) to investigate and report on the dispute. The appointment of a PEB maintains the “status quo” for an additional 60 days. If the parties do not reach agreement during this period, the parties may then engage in “self help.” “Self help” includes, among other things, a strike by the union or the imposition of proposed changes to the collective bargaining agreement by the airline. The U.S. Congress and the President have the authority to prevent “self help” by enacting legislation that, among other things, imposes a settlement on the parties.

Collective Bargaining

As of December 31, 2015, we had approximately 18,300 full‑time equivalent employees. Approximately 38.0% of these employees were represented by unions, including the employee groups listed in the table below. Notwithstanding the completion of the ExpressJet Combination, ExpressJet’s employee groups primarily continue to be represented by those unions who provided representation prior to the ExpressJet Combination. Accordingly, the following table refers to ExpressJet’s employee groups based upon their union affiliations prior to the ExpressJet Combination. 

 

 

In February 2016, the Atlantic Southwest Pilots and the ExpressJet Delaware Pilots ratified a two-year contract extension to their respective labor agreements.  Delays or expenses or other challenges associated with executing an acceptable agreement with each labor workgroup with an amendable contract could impact our financial performance.

As of December 31, 2015, SkyWest and SkyWest Airlines collectively employed 10,411 full‑time equivalent employees, consisting of 3,676 pilots, 2,703 flight attendants, 1,742 customer service personnel, 872 mechanics, 729 other maintenance personnel, 134 dispatchers and 555 operational support and administrative personnel. None of these employees are currently represented by a union. Collective bargaining group organization efforts among SkyWest Airlines’ employees do, however, occur from time to time and we anticipate that such efforts will continue in the future. If unionization efforts are successful, we may be subjected to risks of work interruption or stoppage and/or incur additional expenses associated with increased union representation of our employees. Neither SkyWest nor SkyWest Airlines has ever experienced a work stoppage due to a strike or other labor dispute, and we consider SkyWest Airlines’ relationships with its employees to be good.

Government Regulation

All interstate air carriers, including SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet, are subject to regulation by the U.S. Department of Transportation (the “DOT”), the FAA and other governmental agencies. Regulations promulgated by the DOT primarily relate to economic aspects of air service. The FAA requires operating, air worthiness and other certificates; approval of personnel who may engage in flight, maintenance or operating activities; record‑keeping procedures in accordance with FAA requirements; and FAA approval of flight training and retraining programs. Generally, governmental agencies enforce their regulations through, among other methods, certifications, which are necessary for the continued operations of SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet, and proceedings, which can result in civil or criminal penalties or revocation of operating authority. The FAA can also issue maintenance directives and other mandatory orders relating to, among other things, grounding of aircraft, inspection of aircraft, installation of new safety‑related items and the mandatory removal and replacement of aircraft parts.

We believe SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet are in compliance in all material respects with FAA regulations and hold all operating and airworthiness certificates and licenses which are necessary to conduct their respective operations. We incur substantial costs in maintaining current certifications and otherwise complying with the laws, rules and regulations to which SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet are subject. SkyWest Airlines’ and ExpressJet’s flight

operations, maintenance programs, record keeping and training programs are conducted under FAA approved procedures. All air carriers operating in the United States of America are required to comply with federal laws and regulations pertaining to noise abatement and engine emissions. All such air carriers are also subject to certain provisions of the Federal Communications Act of 1934, as amended, because of their extensive use of radio and other communication facilities. SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet are also subject to certain federal and state laws relating to protection of the environment, labor relations and equal employment opportunity. We believe SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet are in compliance in all material respects with these laws and regulations.

Environmental Matters

SkyWest, SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to environmental protection matters. These laws and regulations govern such matters as environmental reporting, storage and disposal of materials and chemicals and aircraft noise. We are, and expect in the future to be, involved in various environmental matters and conditions at, or related to, our properties. We are not currently subject to any environmental cleanup orders or actions imposed by regulatory authorities. We are not aware of any active material environmental investigations related to our assets or properties.

Safety and Security

We are committed to the safety and security of our passengers and employees. Since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet have taken many steps, both voluntarily and as mandated by governmental authorities, to increase the safety and security of their operations. Some of the safety and security measures we have taken with our code‑share partners include: aircraft security and surveillance, positive bag matching procedures, enhanced passenger and baggage screening and search procedures, and securing of cockpit doors. We are committed to complying with future safety and security requirements.

Insurance

SkyWest, SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet maintain insurance policies we believe are of types customary in the industry and in amounts we believe are adequate to protect against material loss. These policies principally provide coverage for public liability, passenger liability, baggage and cargo liability, property damage, including coverage for loss or damage to our flight equipment, and workers’ compensation insurance. We cannot assure, however, that the amount of insurance we carry will be sufficient to protect us from material loss.

Seasonality

Our results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of those for the entire year, in part because the airline industry is subject to seasonal fluctuations and changes in general economic conditions. Our operations are somewhat favorably affected by pleasure travel on our pro‑rate routes, historically contributing to increased travel in the summer months, and are unfavorably affected by decreased business travel during the months from November through January and by inclement weather which can result in cancelled flights, principally during the winter months. Additionally, a significant portion of our fixed‑fee arrangements is based on completing flights. We generally experience a significantly higher number of weather cancellations during the winter months, which negatively impacts our revenue during such months.

ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS

In addition to factors discussed elsewhere in this Report, the following are important risks which could adversely affect our future results. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently do not deem material may also impair our business operations. If any of the risks we describe below occur, or if any unforeseen risk develops, our operating results may suffer, our financial condition may deteriorate, the trading price of our common stock may decline and investors could lose all or part of their investment in us.

Risks Related to Our Operations

The supply of pilots to the airline industry is limited and may negatively affect our operations and financial condition.

On July 8, 2013, as directed by the U.S. Congress, the FAA issued more stringent pilot qualification and crew member flight training standards, which increase the required training time for new commercial pilots. In recent years, we have also experienced a reduction in pilot applicants with previous military experience. With these changes, the supply of qualified pilot candidates eligible for hiring by the airline industry has been dramatically reduced. Additionally, major airlines may significantly increase the number of pilots hired from regional carriers due to the number of pilots at the major airlines reaching the statutory mandatory retirement age of 65 years.  These factors may cause our pilot attrition rates to be higher than our ability to hire and retain replacement pilots.  If we are unable to maintain a sufficient number of eligible pilots to operate our scheduled flights, we may need to request a reduced flight schedule with our major airline partners, which may result in operational performance penalties under our flying contracts with those partners and our operations and financial results could be materially and adversely affected.

Additionally, our projected number of available pilots and attrition rates may impact our fleet planning decisions.  If actual pilot availability or our actual pilot attrition rates are materially different than our projections, our operations and financial results could be materially and adversely affected. A shortage of qualified pilots to conduct our operations may cause us to underutilize our aircraft and would negatively impact our operations and financial condition.

 We have aircraft lease and debt commitments that extend beyond our existing fixed‑fee contractual term on certain aircraft.

Under our fixed‑fee arrangements with multiple major partners we have a total of 20 CRJ700s with flying contract expirations in 2016. Our underlying lease or debt financing obligations associated with each of these aircraft are scheduled to terminate between 2018 and 2024 on an aircraft‑by‑aircraft basis. We may not be successful in extending the flying contract term on these aircraft with our major partner at acceptable economic terms. In the event we are unsuccessful in extending the flying contract terms on these aircraft, we intend to pursue alternative uses for the aircraft over the remaining aircraft financing term including, but not limited to, operating the aircraft with another major carrier under a negotiated code‑share agreement, subleasing the aircraft to another operator, and/or marketing the debt financed aircraft for sale. Additionally, we may negotiate an early lease return agreement with the aircraft lessor.  In the event we are unable to extend the flying contract terms for these aircraft at each respective contract’s expiration, we may incur cash and non-cash early lease termination costs that would negatively impact our operations and financial condition.  Additionally, in the event we are unable to extend a flying contract with an existing major airline partner, but reach an agreement to place the aircraft into service with a different major airline partner, we likely will incur inefficiencies and incremental costs, such as changing the aircraft livery, during the transition period, which would negatively impact our financial results.

Increased labor costs, strikes, labor disputes and increased unionization of our workforces may adversely affect our ability to conduct our business and reduce our profitability.

Our business is labor intensive, requiring large numbers of pilots, flight attendants, mechanics and other personnel. Labor costs constitute a significant percentage of our total operating costs. For example, during the year ended December 31, 2015, our salary, wage and benefit costs constituted approximately 42.1% of our total operating costs. Increases in our labor costs could result in a material reduction in our earnings. Any new collective bargaining agreements entered into by other regional carriers with their work forces may also result in higher industry wages and increased pressure on us to increase the wages and benefits of our employees. Future agreements with unionized and non‑unionized employees may be on terms that are not as attractive as our current agreements or comparable to agreements entered into by our competitors.

Approximately 38.0% of our workforce is unionized. Strikes or labor disputes with our unionized employees may adversely affect our ability to conduct business. Relations between air carriers and labor unions in the U.S. are governed by the RLA, which provides that a collective bargaining agreement between an airline and a labor union does not expire, but instead becomes amendable as of a stated date. The RLA generally prohibits strikes or other types of

self‑help action both before and after a collective bargaining agreement becomes amendable, unless and until the collective bargaining processes required by the RLA have been exhausted.

SkyWest Airlines’ employees are not currently represented by any union; however, collective bargaining group organization efforts among those employees occur from time to time. Such efforts will likely continue in the future and may ultimately result in some or all of SkyWest Airlines’ employees being represented by one or more unions. Moreover, one or more unions representing ExpressJet employees may seek a single carrier determination by the National Mediation Board, which could require SkyWest Airlines to recognize such union or unions as the certified bargaining representative of SkyWest Airlines’ employees. One or more unions representing ExpressJet employees may also assert that SkyWest Airlines’ employees should be subject to ExpressJet’s collective bargaining agreements. If SkyWest Airlines’ employees were to unionize or be deemed to be represented by one or more unions, negotiations with unions representing SkyWest Airlines’ employees could divert management attention and disrupt operations, which may result in increased operating expenses and may negatively impact our financial results. Moreover, we cannot predict the outcome of any future negotiations relating to union representation or collective bargaining agreements. Agreements reached in collective bargaining may increase our operating expenses and negatively impact our financial results.

There are long‑term risks related to supply and demand of regional aircraft associated with our regional airline services strategy.

Our major airline partners have indicated that their committed supply of regional airline capacity is larger than they desire given current market conditions. Specifically, they have identified a general oversupply of 50‑seat regional jets under contractual commitments with regional airlines. Delta in particular has reduced both the number of 50‑seat regional jets within its network and the number of regional airlines with which it contracts. There are currently more than 100 50‑seat aircraft within the Delta Connection system. In addition to reducing the number of 50‑seat jets under contract, major airlines have reduced the utilization of regional aircraft, thereby reducing the revenue paid to regional airlines under capacity purchase agreements (See the risk factor titled “Reduced utilization levels of our aircraft under our code‑share agreements would adversely impact our financial results” for additional details). This decrease has had, and may continue to have, a negative impact on our regional airline services revenue and financial results.

The amounts we receive under our code‑share agreements may be less than the corresponding costs we incur.

Under our fixed-fee flying contracts with Delta, United, American and Alaska, a portion of our compensation is based upon pre‑determined rates typically applied to production statistics (such as departures, block hours, flight hours and number of aircraft in service each month). The primary operating costs intended to be compensated by the pre-determined rates include labor costs, including crew training costs, certain aircraft maintenance expenses, and overhead costs.  During the year ended December 31, 2015, approximately 84% of our code‑share operating costs were reimbursable at pre‑determined rates and 16% of our code‑share operating costs were pass‑through costs.  Additionally, our aircraft maintenance costs may increase annually as our fleet ages at a higher rate than our pre-determined rates allow.  If our operating costs for labor, aircraft maintenance and overhead costs exceed the compensation earned from our pre‑determined rates under our fixed‑fee arrangements, our financial position and operating results will be negatively affected.

 The Airline Safety and Pilot Training Improvement Act of 2009 could negatively affect our operations and our financial condition.

The Airline Safety and Pilot Training Improvement Act of 2009 (the “Improvement Act”) became effective in August 2013. The Improvement Act added new certification requirements for entry‑level commercial pilots, requires additional emergency training for airline personnel, improves availability of pilot records and mandates stricter rules to minimize pilot fatigue.

The Improvement Act also:

The Improvement Act (and associated regulations) has increased our compliance and FAA reporting obligations, has had a negative effect on pilot scheduling, work hours and the number of pilots required to be employed for our operations or other aspects of our operations, and may continue to negatively impact our operations and financial condition.

We are highly dependent on Delta and United.

As of December 31, 2015, we had 599 aircraft out of our total 660 aircraft available for scheduled service operating under a fixed‑fee arrangement or a revenue‑sharing agreement with either Delta or United. If our code‑share agreements with Delta or United were terminated, we would be significantly impacted and likely would not have an immediate source of revenue or earnings to offset such loss. A termination of either of these agreements would likely have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, operating revenues and net income unless we are able to enter into satisfactory substitute arrangements for the utilization of the affected aircraft by other code‑share partners, or, alternatively, obtain the airport facilities and gates and make the other arrangements necessary to fly as an independent airline. We may not be able to enter into substitute code‑share arrangements, and any such arrangements we might secure may not be as favorable to us as our current agreements. Operating our airlines independent from major partners would be a significant departure from our business plan, would likely be very difficult and would likely require significant time and resources, which may not be available to us at that point.

The SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet Delta Connection Agreements are subject to certain early termination provisions. Delta’s termination rights include cross‑termination rights (meaning that a breach by either of SkyWest Airlines or ExpressJet of its Delta Connection Agreement could, under certain circumstances, permit Delta to terminate any or all of the Delta Connection Agreements to which we or either of our operating subsidiaries is a party), the right to terminate each of the agreements upon the occurrence of certain force majeure events (including certain labor‑related events) that prevent SkyWest Airlines or ExpressJet from performance for certain periods and the right to terminate each of the agreements if SkyWest Airlines or ExpressJet, as applicable, fails to maintain competitive base rate costs, subject to certain rights of SkyWest Airlines to take corrective action to reimburse Delta for lost revenues. The current terms of the SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet United Express Agreements are subject to certain early termination provisions and subsequent renewals. United may terminate the SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet United Express Agreements due to an uncured breach by SkyWest Airlines or ExpressJet of certain operational or performance provisions, including measures and standards related to flight completions, baggage handling and on‑time arrivals. The current terms of the United CPA are subject to certain early termination provisions and subsequent renewals. United may terminate the United CPA due to an uncured breach by ExpressJet of certain operational and performance provisions, including measures and standards related to flight completions and on‑time arrivals.

We currently use the systems, facilities and services of Delta and United to support a significant portion of our operations, including airport and terminal facilities and operations, information technology support, ticketing and reservations, scheduling, dispatching, fuel purchasing and ground handling services. If Delta or United were to cease to maintain any of these systems, close any of these facilities or no longer provide these services to us, due to termination of one of our code‑share agreements, a strike or other labor interruption by Delta or United personnel or for any other reason, we may not be able to obtain alternative systems, facilities or services on terms and conditions as favorable as those we currently receive, or at all. Since our revenues and operating profits are dependent on our level of flight operations, we could then be forced to significantly reduce our operations. Furthermore, upon certain terminations of our code‑share agreements, Delta and United could require us to sell or assign to them facilities and assets, including maintenance facilities, we use in connection with the code‑share services we provide. As a result, in order to offer airline service after termination of any of our code‑share agreements, we may have to replace these facilities, assets and services. We may be unable to arrange such replacements on satisfactory terms, or at all.

Disagreements regarding the interpretation of our code‑share agreements with our major partners could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

Long‑term contractual agreements, such as our code‑share agreements, are subject to interpretation and disputes may arise under such agreements if the parties to an agreement apply different interpretations to that agreement. Those disputes may divert management time and resources from the core operation of the business, and may result in litigation, arbitration or other forms of dispute resolution.

In recent years we have experienced disagreements with our major partners regarding the interpretation of various provisions of our code‑share agreements. Some of those disagreements have resulted in litigation, and we may be subject to additional disputes and litigation in the future. Those disagreements have also required a significant amount of management time, financial resources and settlement negotiations of disputed matters.

To the extent that we continue to experience disagreements regarding the interpretation of our code‑share or other agreements, we will likely expend valuable management time and financial resources in our efforts to resolve those disagreements. Those disagreements may result in litigation, arbitration, settlement negotiations or other proceedings. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that any or all of those proceedings, if commenced, would be resolved in our favor. An unfavorable result in any such proceeding could have adverse financial consequences or require us to modify our operations. Such disagreements and their consequences could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

We may be limited from expanding our flying within the Delta and United flight systems.

Additional growth opportunities within the Delta and United flight systems are limited by various factors including a limited number of regional aircraft each major partner can operate in its regional network due to its own labor agreements. Except as contemplated by our existing code‑share agreements, we cannot assure that Delta and United will contract with us to fly any additional aircraft. We may not receive additional growth opportunities, or may agree to modifications to our code‑share agreements that reduce certain benefits to us in order to obtain additional aircraft, or for other reasons. Given the competitive nature of the airline industry, we believe that some of our competitors may be more inclined to accept reduced margins and less favorable contract terms in order to secure new or additional code‑share operations. Even if we are offered growth opportunities by our major partners, those opportunities may involve economic terms or financing commitments that are unacceptable to us. Additionally, our major partners may reduce the number of regional jets in their system by not renewing or extending existing flying arrangements with regional operators. Any one or more of these factors may reduce or eliminate our ability to expand our flight operations with our existing code‑share partners. We also cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to obtain the additional ground and maintenance facilities, including gates, and support equipment, to expand our operations. The failure to obtain these facilities and equipment would likely impede our efforts to implement our business strategy and could materially and adversely affect our operating results and our financial condition.

Our business model depends on major airlines, including Delta and United, electing to contract with us instead of operating their own regional jets. Some major airlines own their own regional airlines or operate their own regional jets instead of entering into contracts with regional carriers. We have no guarantee that in the future our code‑share partners will choose to enter into contracts with us instead of operating their own regional jets. Our partners are not prohibited from doing so under our code‑share agreements. A decision by Delta or United to phase out code‑share relationships and instead acquire and operate their own regional jets could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or the price of our common stock.

Reduced utilization levels of our aircraft under our code‑share agreements would adversely impact our financial results.

The majority of our code‑share agreements set forth minimum levels of flight operations which our major partners are required to schedule for our operations and we are required to provide. These minimum flight operating levels are intended to compensate us for reduced operating efficiencies caused by production decreases made by our major partners under our respective code‑share agreements. Historically, our major partners have utilized our flight operations at levels which exceed the minimum levels set forth in our code‑share agreements, however, higher fuel costs

or other factors may cause our major partners to reduce our utilization levels. If our major partners schedule the utilization of our aircraft below historical levels (including taking into account the stage length and frequency of our scheduled flights), we may not be able to maintain operating efficiencies previously obtained, which would negatively impact our operating results and financial condition. Additionally, our major partners may change routes and frequencies of flights, which can shorten flight trip lengths. Changes in schedules may increase our flight costs, which could exceed the reimbursed rates paid by our major partners. Continued reduced utilization levels of our aircraft or other changes to our schedules under our code‑share agreements would adversely impact our financial results.

We have a significant amount of contractual obligations.

As of December 31, 2015, we had a total of approximately $1.9 billion in total long‑term debt obligations. Substantially all of this long‑term debt was incurred in connection with the acquisition of aircraft and engines. We also have significant long‑term lease obligations primarily relating to our aircraft fleet. These leases are classified as operating leases and therefore are not reflected as liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2015, we had 470 aircraft under lease, with remaining terms ranging up to 10 years. Future minimum lease payments due under all long‑term operating leases were approximately $1.2 billion at December 31, 2015. At a 4.89% discount factor, the present value of these lease obligations was equal to approximately $1.0 billion at December 31, 2015. Our high level of fixed obligations could impact our ability to obtain additional financing to support additional expansion plans or divert cash flows from operations and expansion plans to service the fixed obligations.

Our anticipated fleet replacement would require a significant increase in our leverage and the related cash requirements.

We currently have 237 CRJ200s with an average life of 13.7 years and 182 ERJ145s with an average life of 13.0 years. We removed all of our EMB120s from service during the second quarter of 2015, and we anticipate that over the next several years, we will continue to replace the CRJ200s and ERJ145s with larger regional jets. Our fleet replacement strategy, if undertaken as we currently anticipate, will require significant amounts of capital to acquire these larger regional jets.

There can be no assurance that our operations will generate sufficient cash flow or liquidity to enable us to obtain the necessary aircraft acquisition financing to replace our current fleet, or to make required debt service payments related to our existing or anticipated future obligations. Even if we meet all required debt, lease and purchase obligations, the size of these long‑term obligations could negatively affect our financial condition, results of operations and the price of our common stock in many ways, including:

If we need additional capital and cannot obtain such capital on acceptable terms, or at all, we may be unable to realize our fleet replacement plans or take advantage of unanticipated opportunities

We could be adversely affected by an outbreak of a disease that affects travel behavior.

In recent years, various virus and illness outbreaks, including, but not limited to Zika, Ebola, H1N1 flu virus and SARS, have an adverse impact on travel behavior. Any outbreak of a disease or spread of existing illnesses that affects travel behavior could have a material adverse impact on our operating results and financial condition. In addition, outbreaks of disease could result in quarantines of our personnel or an inability to access facilities or our aircraft, which could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.

 Interruptions or disruptions in service at one of our hub airports, due to adverse weather or for any other reason, could have a material adverse impact on our operations.

We currently operate primarily through hubs in Atlanta, Los Angeles, Houston, Minneapolis, Detroit, San Francisco, Salt Lake City, Chicago, Denver, Houston, Washington, D.C., Newark, Cleveland and the Pacific Northwest. Nearly all of our flights either originate from or fly into one of these hubs. Our revenues depend primarily on our completion of flights and secondarily on service factors such as timeliness of departure and arrival. Any interruptions or disruptions could, therefore, severely and adversely affect us. Extreme weather can cause flight disruptions, and, during periods of storms or adverse weather, fog, low temperatures, etc., our flights may be canceled or significantly delayed. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita and Superstorm Sandy, in particular, caused severe disruption to air travel in the affected areas and adversely affected airlines operating in the region, including ExpressJet. We operate a significant number of flights to and from airports with particular weather difficulties, including Atlanta, Salt Lake City, Chicago, San Francisco, Newark and Denver. A significant interruption or disruption in service at one of our hubs, due to adverse weather, security closures or otherwise, could result in the cancellation or delay of a significant portion of our flights and, as a result, could have a severe adverse impact on our operations and financial performance.

Economic and industry conditions constantly change, and negative economic conditions in the United States and other countries may create challenges for us that could materially and adversely affect our operations and financial condition.

Our operations and financial condition are affected by many changing economic and other conditions beyond our control, including, among others:

The effect of any, or some combination, of the foregoing economic and industry conditions on our operations or financial condition is virtually impossible to forecast; however, the occurrence of any or all of such conditions in a significant manner could materially and adversely affect our operations and financial condition.

We could be adversely affected by significant disruptions in the supply of fuel or by significant fluctuation in fuel prices.

Dependence on foreign imports of crude oil, limited refining capacity and the possibility of changes in government policy on jet fuel production, transportation and marketing make it impossible to predict the future availability of jet fuel. If there are additional outbreaks of hostilities or other conflicts in oil‑producing areas or elsewhere, or a reduction in refining capacity (due to weather events, for example), or governmental limits on the production or sale of jet fuel, there could be a reduction in the supply of jet fuel and significant increases in the cost of jet

fuel. Major reductions in the availability of jet fuel or significant increases in its cost, or a continuation of high fuel prices for a significant period of time, would have a material adverse impact on us.

Pursuant to our fixed‑fee arrangements, our major partners have agreed to bear the economic risk of fuel price fluctuations on our contracted flights. However, we bear the economic risk of fuel price fluctuations on our pro‑rate operations. As of December 31, 2015, we operated 26 CRJ200s under a pro‑rate agreement with United. We also operated 21 CRJ200s under a pro‑rate agreement with Delta, and eight CRJ200s under a pro‑rate agreement with American. Our operating and financial results with respect to these pro‑rate arrangements can be negatively affected by the price of jet fuel in the event we are unable to increase our passenger fares. Additionally in the event of prolonged low fuel prices, our competitors may lower their passenger ticket prices on routes that compete with our pro-rate markets, which could negatively impact our passenger load factors.

The issuance of operating restrictions applicable to one of the fleet types we operate could negatively impact our business and financial condition.

We rely on a limited number of aircraft types, and are dependent upon Bombardier and Embraer as the sole manufacturers of our aircraft.  The issuance of FAA or manufacturer directives restricting or prohibiting the use of Bombardier or Embraer aircraft types we operate could negatively impact our business and financial results.  We are also dependent upon General Electric and Rolls Royce as the sole manufacturers of our aircraft engines.  Our operations could be materially and adversely affected by the failure or inability of Bombardier, Embraer, General Electric or Rolls Royce to provide sufficient parts or related maintenance and support services to us on a timely manner, or the interruption of our flight operations as a result of unscheduled or unanticipated maintenance requirements for our aircraft or engines.

Certain flying arrangements with our major partners are terminable upon notice of 120 days or less.

Certain of our flying agreements with our major partners permit the major partner to terminate the agreement in its discretion by giving us notice of 120 days or less.  If one of our major partners elects to terminate a flying agreement with notice of 120 days or less, our ability to use the aircraft under an alternative agreement with similar economics may be limited, which could negatively impact our financial results.  Additionally, even if we can subsequently place the aircraft into service with a different major airline partner, of which there can be no assurance, we likely would incur inefficiencies and incremental costs, such as changing the aircraft livery, during the transition period, which would negatively impact our financial results.

If we have a failure in our technology or if we have security breaches of our information technology infrastructure, our business and financial condition may be adversely affected.

The performance and reliability of our technology are critical to our ability to compete effectively. Any internal technological error or failure or large‑scale external interruption in the technological infrastructure we depend on, such as power, telecommunications or the internet, may disrupt our internal network. Any individual, sustained or repeated failure of technology could impact our ability to conduct our business and result in increased costs. Our technological systems and related data may be vulnerable to a variety of sources of interruption due to events beyond our control, including natural disasters, terrorist attacks, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, hackers and other security issues.

In addition, as a part of our ordinary business operations, we collect and store sensitive data, including personal information of our passengers and employees and information of our business partners. Our information systems are subject to an increasing threat of continually evolving cybersecurity risks. Unauthorized parties may attempt to gain access to our systems or information through fraud or other means of deception. The methods used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems are constantly evolving, and may be difficult to anticipate or to detect for long periods of time. We may not be able to prevent all data security breaches or misuse of data. The compromise of our technology systems resulting in the loss, disclosure, misappropriation of, or access to, customers’, employees’ or business partners’ information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability or regulatory penalties under laws protecting the privacy of personal information, disruption to our operations and damage to our reputation, any or all of which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Our business could be harmed if we lose the services of our key personnel.

Our business depends upon the efforts of our chief executive officer, Russell A. Childs, and our other key management and operating personnel. We may have difficulty replacing management or other key personnel who cease to be employed by us and, therefore, the loss of the services of any of these individuals could harm our business. We do not maintain key‑person insurance on any of our executive officers.

Risks Related to the Airline Industry

We may be materially affected by uncertainties in the airline industry.

The airline industry has experienced tremendous challenges in recent years and will likely remain volatile for the foreseeable future. Among other factors, the financial challenges faced by major and regional carriers and continuing hostilities in the Middle East and other regions have significantly affected, and are likely to continue to affect, the U.S. airline industry. These events have resulted in declines and shifts in passenger demand, increased insurance costs, increased government regulations and tightened credit markets, all of which have affected, and will likely continue to affect, the operations and financial condition of participants in the industry, including us, major carriers (including our major partners), low‑cost carriers, competitors and aircraft manufacturers. These industry developments raise substantial risks and uncertainties, which will likely affect us, major carriers (including our major partners), competitors and aircraft manufacturers in ways that we are unable to predict.

The airline industry is highly competitive and has undergone a period of consolidation and transition leaving fewer potential code‑share partners.

The airline industry is highly competitive. We not only compete with other regional airlines, some of which are owned by or operated as code‑share partners of major airlines, but we also face competition from low‑cost carriers and major airlines on many of our routes. Low‑cost carriers such as Southwest, Allegiant, Spirit and JetBlue among others, operate at many of our hubs, resulting in significant price competition. Additionally, a large number of other carriers operate at our hubs, creating intense competition. Certain of our competitors are larger and have significantly greater financial and other resources than we do. Moreover, federal deregulation of the industry allows competitors to rapidly enter our markets and to quickly discount and restructure fares. The airline industry is particularly susceptible to price discounting because airlines incur only nominal costs to provide service to passengers occupying otherwise unsold seats. Increased fare competition could adversely affect our operations and the price of our common stock. The airline industry has undergone substantial consolidation, including the merger between American and US Airways in 2013, Southwest and AirTran Airways, Inc. in 2011, United and Continental in 2010 and Delta and Northwest Airlines, Inc. in 2008. Any additional consolidation or significant alliance activity within the airline industry could limit the number of potential partners with whom we could enter into code‑share relationships and could have a material adverse effect on our relationships with our code‑share partners.

Due, in part, to the dynamic nature of the airline industry, major airlines may also make other strategic changes such as changing or consolidating hub locations. If our major partners were to make changes such as these in their strategy and operations, our operations and financial results could be adversely impacted.

Terrorist activities or warnings have dramatically impacted the airline industry, and will likely continue to do so.

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and their aftermath have negatively impacted the airline industry in general, including our operations. The primary effects experienced by the airline industry include a substantial loss of passenger traffic and revenue. If additional terrorist attacks are launched against the airline industry, there will be lasting consequences of the attacks, which may include loss of life, property damage, increased security and insurance costs, increased concerns about future terrorist attacks, increased government regulation and airport delays due to heightened security. Additional terrorist attacks and the fear of such attacks could negatively impact the airline industry, and result in further decreased passenger traffic and yields, increased flight delays or cancellations associated with new government mandates, as well as increased security, fuel and other costs. We cannot provide any assurance that these events will not harm the airline industry generally or our operations or financial condition in particular.

We are subject to significant governmental regulation.

All interstate air carriers, including SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet, are subject to regulation by the DOT, the FAA and other governmental agencies. Regulations promulgated by the DOT primarily relate to economic aspects of air service. The FAA requires operating, air worthiness and other certificates; approval of personnel who may engage in flight, maintenance or operation activities; record keeping procedures in accordance with FAA requirements; and FAA approval of flight training and retraining programs. We cannot predict whether we will be able to comply with all present and future laws, rules, regulations and certification requirements or that the cost of continued compliance will not have a material adverse effect on our operations. We incur substantial costs in maintaining our current certifications and otherwise complying with the laws, rules and regulations to which we are subject. A decision by the FAA to ground, or require time‑consuming inspections of or maintenance on, all or any of our aircraft for any reason may have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition to state and federal regulation, airports and municipalities enact rules and regulations that affect our operations. From time to time, various airports throughout the country have considered limiting the use of smaller aircraft, such as our aircraft, at such airports. The imposition of any limits on the use of our aircraft at any airport at which we operate could have a material adverse effect on our operations.

The occurrence of an aviation accident involving our aircraft would negatively impact our operations and financial condition.

An accident or incident involving one of our aircraft could result in significant potential claims of injured passengers and others, as well as repair or replacement of a damaged aircraft and its consequential temporary or permanent loss from service. In the event of an accident, our liability insurance may not be adequate to offset our exposure to potential claims and we may be forced to bear substantial losses from the accident. Substantial claims resulting from an accident in excess of our related insurance coverage would harm our operational and financial results. Moreover, any aircraft accident or incident, even if fully insured, could cause a public perception that our operations are less safe or reliable than other airlines.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

We can issue additional shares without shareholder approval.

Our Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended (the “Restated Articles”), authorize the issuance of up to 120,000,000 shares of common stock, all of which may be issued without any action or approval by our shareholders. As of December 31, 2015, we had 51,004,985 shares outstanding. In addition, as of December 31, 2015, we had equity‑based incentive plans under which 4,259,137 shares are reserved for issuance and an employee stock purchase plan under which 1,006,631 shares are reserved for issuance, both of which may dilute the ownership interest of our shareholders. Our Restated Articles also authorize the issuance of up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Our board of directors has the authority to issue preferred stock with the rights and preferences, and at the price, which it determines. Any shares of preferred stock issued would likely be senior to shares of our common stock in various regards, including dividends, payments upon liquidation and voting. The value of our common stock could be negatively affected by the issuance of any shares of preferred stock.

The amount of dividends we pay may decrease or we may not pay dividends.

Historically, we have paid dividends in varying amounts on our common stock. The future payment and amount of cash dividends will depend upon our financial condition and results of operations, loan covenants and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. There can be no assurance that we will continue our practice of paying dividends on our common stock or that we will have the financial resources to pay such dividends.

The amount of common stock we repurchase may decrease from historical levels, or we may not repurchase any additional shares of common stock.

Historically, we have repurchased shares of our common stock in varying amounts. Our future repurchases of shares of common stock, if any, and the number of shares of common stock we may repurchase will depend upon our financial condition, results of operations, loan covenants and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors.

There can be no assurance that we will continue our practice of repurchasing shares of common stock or that we will have the financial resources to repurchase shares of common stock in the future.

Provisions of our charter documents and code‑share agreements may limit the ability or desire of others to gain control of our company.

Our ability to issue shares of preferred and common stock without shareholder approval may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control and may adversely affect the voting and other rights of the holders of our common stock, even in circumstances where such a change in control would be viewed as desirable by most investors. The provisions of the Utah Control Shares Acquisitions Act may also discourage the acquisition of a significant interest in or control of our company. Additionally, our code‑share agreements contain termination and extension trigger provisions related to change in control type transactions that may have the effect of deterring a change in control of our company.

ITEM 1B.  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None

ITEM 2.  PROPERTIES

Flight Equipment

As of December 31, 2015, our fleet available for scheduled service consisted of the following types of owned and leased aircraft:

 

The following table outlines the anticipated delivery scheduled for new E175 aircraft during the years indicated.

 

The following table outlines the currently anticipated size and composition of our combined fleet for the periods indicated based on anticipated contract expirations. Several factors may impact our forecasted fleet size including

assumptions regarding contract extensions with our major airline partners.  Our actual future fleet size will likely vary, and may vary materially, from our current forecast.

Bombardier and Embraer Regional Jets

The Bombardier and Embraer Regional Jets are among the quietest commercial jets currently available and offer many of the amenities of larger commercial jet aircraft, including flight attendant service, as well as a stand‑up cabin, overhead and under seat storage, lavatories and in‑flight snack and beverage service. The speed of Bombardier and Embraer Regional Jets is comparable to larger aircraft operated by the major airlines, and they have a range of approximately 1,600 miles (2,100 miles for the E175 aircraft); however, because of their smaller size and efficient design, the per‑flight cost of operating a Bombardier or Embraer Regional Jet is generally less than that of a 120‑ seat or larger jet aircraft.

Ground Facilities

SkyWest, SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet own or lease the following principal properties:

SkyWest Facilities

SkyWest Airlines Facilities

ExpressJet Facilities

Our management deems the current facilities of SkyWest, SkyWest Airlines and ExpressJet as being suitable to support existing operations and believes these facilities will be adequate for the foreseeable future.

ITEM 3.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are subject to certain legal actions which we consider routine to our business activities. As of December 31, 2015, our management believed, after consultation with legal counsel, that the ultimate outcome of such legal matters was not likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity or results of operations.

ITEM 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

The disclosure required by this item is not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5.  MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Price for Our Common Stock

Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “SKYW.” At February 16, 2016, there were approximately 843 stockholders of record of our common stock. Securities held of record do not include shares held in securities position listings. The following table sets forth the range of high and low closing sales prices for our common stock, during the periods indicated.

The transfer agent for our common stock is Zions First National Bank, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Dividends

During 2015 and 2014, our Board of Directors declared regular quarterly dividends of $0.04 per share.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table contains information regarding our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2015.

Stock Performance Graph

The following Performance Graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission,(the “Commission”), nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), except to the extent we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing. 

The following graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return on our common stock over the five‑year period ended December 31, 2015, with the cumulative total return during such period of the Nasdaq Stock Market (U.S. Companies), Nasdaq Stock Market Transportation Index and a peer group index composed of regional and major passenger airlines with U.S operations that have equity securities traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market or the New York Stock Exchange, the members of which are identified below (the “Peer Group”) for the same period. The following graph assumes an initial investment of $100.00 with dividends reinvested. The stock performance shown on the graph below represents historical stock performance and is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

 

The Peer Group consists of regional and major passenger airlines with U.S operations that have equity securities traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market or the New York Stock Exchange. The members of the Peer Group are: Alaska Air Group, Inc.: Allegiant Travel Co.; American Airlines Group, Inc.; Delta Air Lines, Inc.; Hawaiian Holdings, Inc.; JetBlue Airways Corp.; Republic Airways, Holdings Inc.; SkyWest, Inc.; Southwest Airlines Co.; Spirit Airlines Inc.; United Continental Holdings Inc.; and Virgin America, Inc.

ITEM 6.  SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected financial and operating data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Report.

Selected Consolidated Financial Data (amounts in thousands, except per share data):

Selected Operating Data

The following terms used in this section and elsewhere in this Report have the meanings indicated below:

“Revenue passenger miles” represents the number of miles flown by revenue passengers.

“Available seat miles” represents the number of seats available for passengers multiplied by the number of miles those seats are flown.

“Revenue per available seat mile” represents passenger revenue divided by available seat miles.

“Cost per available seat mile” represents operating expenses plus interest divided by available seat miles.

“Number of operating aircraft at end of year” excludes aircraft leased to un‑affiliated and affiliated entities.