What You Need to Know About Avian Influenza

March 13, 2025 at 06:01 AM EDT

(BPT) - America's poultry is at an unprecedented risk from avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu. Specifically, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) poses the highest risk, which is a strain of the virus that is extremely contagious and often deadly to domestic poultry. HPAI has been detected in all 50 states, affecting over 136 million birds and a range of species, including chickens, turkeys and geese. As the avian influenza outbreak continues, consumers feel the pinch of egg prices, poultry farmers' livelihoods are impacted, and bird owners are on heightened alert.

Wild birds are the number one source of disease spread by carrying the infection in their droppings and contaminating water sources, especially during the migratory seasons. People can even unknowingly spread avian flu through their work boots and clothes, as well as on farm equipment and vehicles that have not been properly disinfected.

To compound the concern, it was recently discovered that not just birds are susceptible to avian influenza. The virus can jump to different animal species and then reinfect otherwise healthy birds. Because HPAI-exposed pests and pets - like mice, cats, and dogs - and even other farm animals may not show signs of illness, the rapid spread of disease is hard to contain without proper safety measures in place.

USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS) has been working hard to contain HPAI and the U.S. has one of the strongest avian influenza surveillance programs in the world. However, as the disease spreads to poultry in new ways, it makes eradication even more difficult.

The good news is there are steps that all farmers and bird enthusiasts can take to help protect our poultry. In fact, these safety precautions, or biosecurity measures, can be inexpensive and relatively easy to implement.

From backyards to barnyards, here are four ways we can all help protect birds:

Clean Up: Disinfect and sanitize farm equipment, footwear, and clothing used in poultry areas every day or after use. Ensure feed is stored properly to prevent contamination from wild birds and rodents. Make sure animals have clean water and bedding.
Suit Up: Use dedicated boots for the farm and a footbath to disinfect footwear daily. Wear gloves in the poultry areas. Give visitors disposable shoe covers, minimize farm visitors, and limit farm traffic.
Divide Up: Separate your farm species, keep livestock, pets, and wild birds away from poultry. Use covered enclosures and netting to avoid contact between domestic poultry and wild birds. And don't let birds roam in pens and barns.
Brush Up: Learn the signs of avian influenza such as trouble breathing, lack of appetite, nasal discharge, decreased egg production, and sudden or unexplained death. Monitor bird health closely, isolate sick birds, and report any signs of illness to your veterinarians and/or State or Federal animal health official.

We can all be flu fighters when we know what to do about avian influenza. To learn more and get free biosecurity resources, checklists, and tools to keep birds safe from disease, go to USDA APHIS' Defend the Flock website: https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/avian/defend-the-flock.

This article is brought to you by USDA.

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What You Need to Know About Avian Influenza

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