Understanding Major Depressive Disorder: Its Impact and Treatment Options

April 28, 2025 at 16:01 PM EDT

(BPT) - This article was sponsored and developed by Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc.

Major depression is one of the most common mental health conditions in the United States, impacting both adolescents and adults.¹ It can affect all aspects of life, including relationships with family, friends and community.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is depression that persists nearly daily for at least two weeks, with episodes lasting six months or even years if left untreated. While difficult life events can trigger depression, MDD has many causes, including social, psychological, biological, and environmental factors.^2,3 According to the World Health Organization, people living with MDD may experience poor concentration, excessive guilt or low self-worth, hopelessness about the future, thoughts of death or suicide, disrupted sleep, changes in appetite or weight and extreme tiredness or low energy.²

In the U.S., more than 21 million people live with MDD.

Treatment Options
There are several Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment options for people living with MDD. Treatment usually includes a combination of antidepressants and psychotherapy. Unfortunately, the current treatment options do not work for everyone. About one-third of people living with MDD do not respond to available antidepressant medications.^1,4

Many people do not see an improvement or a significant reduction in symptoms after trying two or more different medications for MDD. Approximately 86 percent of those trying a third oral antidepressant still do not achieve lasting relief from symptoms, also known as remission.⁵

New treatment options are needed for the many people living with MDD who do not respond to current treatments.

Ongoing Research
Clinical studies evaluate the safety and effectiveness of investigational therapies and can potentially lead to new treatment options for patients. There are ongoing clinical studies exploring potential treatments for MDD, including what is referred to as an adjunctive treatment that could be used together with an existing MDD treatment.

Neurocrine Biosciences is conducting a Phase 3 study to assess the efficacy and safety of investigational osavampator (formerly NBI-1065845) as an adjunctive treatment for people with MDD. The clinical study is currently enrolling adults aged 18 and older who have the primary diagnosis of recurrent MDD (moderate or severe) or persistent depressive disorder and who are currently taking oral antidepressant medications and have not responded adequately.

Maurizio Fava, M.D., Chair, Mass General Brigham Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry explains, "Major depressive disorder is a condition that has a profound effect on patients and their families. The great majority of patients suffering from major depressive disorder do not achieve a sustained remission of their condition, and the options for next-step strategies to help them are quite limited. As a field, we need new augmentation strategies to enhance the efficacy of standard antidepressants."

If you or someone you know may be interested in learning more about this clinical study, please visit this website for additional information.

REFERENCES

Major depression. National Institute of Mental Health. Updated July 2023. Accessed January 29, 2025. https://nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/major-depression
Depressive disorder (depression). World Health Organization. Updated March 31, 2023. Accessed January 29, 2025. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
Bains N, Abdijadid S. Major depressive order. In: StatPearls. NCBI Bookshelf version. StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Updated April 10, 2023. Accessed January 25, 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559078
Zhdanava M, Pilon D, Ghelerter I, et al. The prevalence and national burden of treatment-resistant depression and major depressive disorder in the United States. J Clin Psychiatry. 2021;82(2):20m13699. doi:10.4088/JCP.20m13699
Sakurai H, Suzuki T, Yoshimura K, Mimura M, Uchida H. Predicting relapse with individual residual symptoms in major depressive disorder: a reanalysis of the STAR*D data. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2017;234(16):2453-2461. doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4634-5

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Understanding Major Depressive Disorder: Its Impact and Treatment Options

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