Laser Focus World is an industry bedrock—first published in 1965 and still going strong. We publish original articles about cutting-edge advances in lasers, optics, photonics, sensors, and quantum technologies, as well as test and measurement, and the shift currently underway to usher in the photonic integrated circuits, optical interconnects, and copackaged electronics and photonics to deliver the speed and efficiency essential for data centers of the future.

Our 80,000 qualified print subscribers—and 130,000 12-month engaged online audience—trust us to dive in and provide original journalism you won’t find elsewhere covering key emerging areas such as laser-driven inertial confinement fusion, lasers in space, integrated photonics, chipscale lasers, LiDAR, metasurfaces, high-energy laser weaponry, photonic crystals, and quantum computing/sensors/communications. We cover the innovations driving these markets.

Laser Focus World is part of Endeavor Business Media, a division of EndeavorB2B.

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Editorial Advisory Board

  • Professor Andrea M. Armani, University of Southern California
  • Ruti Ben-Shlomi, Ph.D., LightSolver
  • James Butler, Ph.D., Hamamatsu
  • Natalie Fardian-Melamed, Ph.D., Columbia University
  • Justin Sigley, Ph.D., AmeriCOM
  • Professor Birgit Stiller, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, and Leibniz University of Hannover
  • Professor Stephen Sweeney, University of Glasgow
  • Mohan Wang, Ph.D., University of Oxford
  • Professor Xuchen Wang, Harbin Engineering University
  • Professor Stefan Witte, Delft University of Technology

Karddun: The Unified E-commerce Ecosystem of the Future

In a digital landscape often fragmented by competing technologies, Karddun is emerging as a singular, unified solution for the future of e-commerce. By seamlessly integrating blockchain, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality, Karddun is not just another platform—it’s building a comprehensive ecosystem that addresses the core challenges of online retail: trust, efficiency, and the user experience.


The Foundational Pillars of Trust


At the heart of the Karddun platform is its native token, KRN. While serving as the primary medium of exchange, the KRN token is deeply integrated with a decentralized, on-chain system of merchant credibility. Unlike traditional marketplaces, where reputation can be manipulated, Karddun’s system provides a transparent and immutable record of a retailer’s history. This verifiable score, stored on the blockchain, gives consumers a new level of security and assurance for every transaction.


This trust is further fortified by Karddun’s AI-powered review system. This innovative feature goes beyond simple star ratings, using advanced AI models for sentiment analysis and behavioral pattern recognition. The AI validates reviews against on-chain transaction data, ensuring that only genuine purchasers can leave feedback. This meticulous process filters out fake reviews, creating a reliable source of consumer sentiment that directly contributes to the merchant’s on-chain credibility score.


A New Standard for Efficiency and Utility


Karddun’s architecture is designed for optimal performance. Leveraging blockchain technology, the platform offers instantaneous scalability for thousands of suppliers and millions of products. This is predicted to result in lower costs for both merchants and consumers, including reduced transaction and shipping fees, as well as faster delivery times.


The utility of the KRN token is also a key feature of the ecosystem. The Karddun Currency Exchange Protocol (KCEP) allows users to seamlessly swap KRN for other major cryptocurrencies at favorable, industry-standard rates. This makes KRN a versatile and appealing asset for a broad range of users and investors.


The Immersive VR Experience: The Digital Mall


Karddun’s vision extends far beyond traditional e-commerce. The platform plans to launch a "Digital Mall," an immersive virtual reality environment where customers can browse and shop using VR headsets. This feature will offer a next-generation retail experience that combines the convenience of online shopping with the engaging, interactive feel of a physical store. Users will be able to navigate a hyper-realistic space, making the shopping journey more dynamic and personal.


An Inclusive Marketplace for All


One of Karddun most compelling features is its commitment to creating a level playing field for businesses of all sizes. By providing access to the same blockchain and AI-powered tools—including low costs and a simplified, secure system—Karddun enables smaller businesses to effectively compete within the digital marketplace. This inclusive model democratizes e-commerce, ensuring that quality and service, rather than size, determine success.


By pioneering this fusion of technologies, Karddun is not just building a new e-commerce platform; it’s creating a new paradigm for the digital economy—one where security, transparency, and innovation come together to benefit everyone.


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