Lumoz RaaS introduces support for RISC-V–based zkEVM, offering prebuilt development modules and a compatible toolchain to help developers quickly deploy zero-knowledge proof applications. This solution also enhances Rollup transaction performance and reduces operational costs.

Bangkok, Thailand, 23rd April 2025, ZEX PR WIRE, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin recently proposed replacing the current Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) with the RISC-V instruction set architecture. This proposal has sparked widespread discussion within the Ethereum community and highlighted the potential of RISC-V in the blockchain space. In parallel, Lumoz RaaS (Rollup as a Service) has announced support for a RISC-V–based zkEVM solution, aiming to deliver higher performance and scalability for Layer2.

The EVM has long been the core of smart contract functionality, supporting a diverse ecosystem of decentralized applications. However, as blockchain technology evolves, the architectural limitations of the EVM are becoming increasingly evident. As an open-source instruction set architecture, RISC-V stands out with its openness, simplicity, and flexible ecosystem—making it a strong candidate for reshaping the smart contract execution environment. By combining RISC-V with smart contract development, this innovation promises not only improved performance and security but also significantly greater accessibility for blockchain development.

Why Choose RISC-V?

RISC-V is an open-source instruction set architecture (ISA) that has gained significant attention for its modular design and flexibility. Compared to traditional proprietary architectures such as x86 and ARM, RISC-V offers several key advantages:

• Open Source and Royalty-Free: No patent restrictions, significantly reducing development and deployment costs.

• Flexibility and Scalability: Supports custom instruction sets, making it adaptable to the diverse needs of blockchain systems.

• Performance Optimization: Its streamlined design enables efficient execution, making it ideal for enhancing smart contract performance.

Vitalik has proposed using RISC-V as Ethereum’s long-term execution layer architecture, aiming to achieve greater scalability and lower operational costs for the network.

Limitations of the EVM

To understand why RISC-V is a compelling alternative, it is important to first recognize the shortcomings of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM):

• Complexity: The EVM’s bytecode is complex and relies heavily on stack operations, which reduces execution efficiency.

• Scalability Bottlenecks: Its architecture does not support multithreading or parallel computation, limiting performance scalability.

• Lack of Hardware Optimization: Due to its high level of abstraction, the EVM cannot fully leverage hardware capabilities.

These limitations make the EVM less suitable for supporting zero-knowledge proofs (zkEVMs) and other advanced scaling solutions.

Background and Challenges of zkEVM

zkEVM (Zero-Knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machine) is a virtual machine based on zero-knowledge proof technologies such as zk-SNARKs or zk-STARKs. It enables users to verify computation results without revealing the underlying data. The core goal of zkEVM is to significantly enhance the privacy and scalability of blockchain systems through zero-knowledge proofs.

Technical Challenges of zkEVM

1. High Proof Generation Overhead: Zero-knowledge proofs require generating proofs for each EVM instruction, typically using zk-SNARKs or zk-STARKs. This imposes significant demands on both computation and storage.

2. Adaptation Issues: The EVM was not originally designed with zero-knowledge proofs in mind, resulting in performance bottlenecks for current zkEVM solutions.

3. Compatibility Trade-offs: zkEVMs must balance compatibility with the existing smart contract ecosystem while also optimizing for performance.

Combining RISC-V with zkEVM

RISC-V offers an ideal hardware abstraction layer that is well-suited to the needs of zkEVM. Here are several technical highlights of integrating RISC-V with zkEVM:

• More Efficient Proof Generation

RISC-V’s simplified instruction set makes zero-knowledge proof generation more efficient. Compared to the EVM, RISC-V’s instruction flow is easier to parse, and its register-based architecture is more efficient than the stack-based architecture of the EVM. This significantly reduces the computational overhead of proof generation in zkEVM.

• Customizable Instruction Sets

RISC-V’s modular design enables the creation of specialized instruction sets for zkEVM. For example, custom instructions can be designed for finite field arithmetic, which accelerates key components in zk-SNARK or zk-STARK generation, such as polynomial commitments and cryptographic hash functions.

• Hardware Acceleration Potential

Thanks to its open-source nature, RISC-V allows hardware vendors to provide dedicated hardware acceleration for zkEVM, including:

• Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs): Custom ASICs optimized for zero-knowledge proofs can directly implement the RISC-V zkEVM instruction set.

• FPGA Support: Prototyping zkEVM with RISC-V on FPGAs allows for rapid iteration and performance optimization.

Designing and Implementing a RISC-V EVM Architecture

To design and implement a RISC-V-based zkEVM, the following key areas must be addressed:

1. Build the Core Components of the RISC-V EVM

2. Develop a RISC-V Assembler Compatible with Blockchain

3. Optimize for Performance and Security Constraints

4. Conduct Low-Level Benchmarking and Performance Analysis

5. Integrate the Custom RISC-V EVM into the Lumoz RaaS Environment

6. Implement Blockchain-Specific Logic within the RISC-V Framework

7. Benchmark Against Standard EVM

Lumoz RaaS Support

As an innovator in the blockchain space, Lumoz RaaS has announced its support for RISC-V-based zkEVM solutions, enabling developers to leverage Rollup services more efficiently. Here are some potential impacts of Lumoz’s support for RISC-V zkEVM:

Impact on Developers:

1. Increased Development Efficiency: By providing pre-built RISC-V zkEVM modules, developers can quickly deploy and test zero-knowledge proof applications.

2. Enhanced Compatibility: The toolchain provided by Lumoz ensures seamless integration of RISC-V zkEVM with the existing Ethereum ecosystem.

Significance for Rollups:

1. Higher Performance Rollups: The efficiency of RISC-V zkEVM will significantly boost the transaction throughput of Rollups.

2. Lower Operating Costs: RISC-V’s hardware optimization and low licensing costs will greatly reduce the operational costs of Rollups.

Technological Outlook

Vitalik’s proposal and Lumoz’s support mark a significant turning point in blockchain technology. The introduction of RISC-V not only offers new possibilities for the long-term development of Ethereum but also provides a reference for the technological evolution of other blockchain platforms.

In the future, as RISC-V zkEVM gradually takes shape, we may witness the following trends:

1. The Rise of Cross-Chain Ecosystems: The versatility of RISC-V could promote interoperability between different blockchain platforms.

2. Deep Integration of Hardware and Blockchain: RISC-V’s hardware optimization will further enhance the computational efficiency of blockchain systems.

3. Widespread Adoption of Privacy Protection: zkEVM-based solutions will significantly improve the privacy and scalability of blockchain applications.

Conclusion

The combination of RISC-V and zkEVM represents a major innovation in blockchain technology. Vitalik’s proposal not only points the way for Ethereum’s future development but also provides new ideas for the technological advancement of the entire blockchain industry. With the support of Lumoz RaaS and the involvement of more developers, we have every reason to expect the widespread adoption of RISC-V zkEVM in the future.

The future of blockchain is not just about code; it lies in the openness and collaboration of the technological ecosystem. The arrival of RISC-V zkEVM may usher in a whole new era of technology.