The Indonesian capital of Jakarta was ranked the most polluted city in the world on Wednesday.
Swiss air quality technology company IQAir has consistently ranked it among the top 10 polluted cities around the globe since May.
Jakarta registers unhealthy air pollution levels nearly every day, it said.
Jakarta has a population of more than 10 million people.
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President Joko Widodo told reporters last week that the solution to the issue would be to relocate the country's capital city to Nusantara.
"One solution is to reduce the burden on Jakarta so that some of it will later be moved to Nusantara. And the mass transportation is a must," he said.
Indonesia is set to name Nusantara as the new capital next year, with at least 16,000 civil servants, military and police due to move there.
Jakarta residents have long complained of toxic air, and some launched and won a civil lawsuit in 2021 that demanded the government take action to control the air pollution.
The court ruled Widodo must establish national air quality standards to protect human health and that the health minister and Jakarta governor must devise strategies to control air pollution.
Indonesia is the world's fourth most populous country. It is now in its dry season, which is when air pollution will peak. Motorized vehicles are also a major factor, and data from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry said that 44% of air pollution comes from transportation.
Comparatively, 31% comes from industry.
Jakarta's health office has said there was an increase in health problems caused by air pollution this year, compared with 2022.
"It is increased compared to 2022. And it is almost the same condition we found in 2019 and 2018, before the COVID-19 pandemic," Dwi Oktavia, head of disease prevention and control at the Jakarta Health Agency, said.
Reuters and the Associated Press contributed to this report.
